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Ullah A, Jiao W, Shen B. The role of proinflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines (CXCL1-CXCL16) in the progression of prostate cancer: insights on their therapeutic management. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:73. [PMID: 38745115 PMCID: PMC11094955 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00591-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Reproductive cancers are malignancies that develop in the reproductive organs. One of the leading cancers affecting the male reproductive system on a global scale is prostate cancer (PCa). The negative consequences of PCa metastases endure and are severe, significantly affecting mortality and life quality for those who are affected. The association between inflammation and PCa has captured interest for a while. Inflammatory cells, cytokines, CXC chemokines, signaling pathways, and other elements make up the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is characterized by inflammation. Inflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines are especially crucial for PCa development and prognosis. Cytokines (interleukins) and CXC chemokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-7, IL-17, TGF-β, TNF-α, CXCL1-CXCL6, and CXCL8-CXCL16 are thought to be responsible for the pleiotropic effects of PCa, which include inflammation, progression, angiogenesis, leukocyte infiltration in advanced PCa, and therapeutic resistance. The inflammatory cytokine and CXC chemokines systems are also promising candidates for PCa suppression and immunotherapy. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to provide insight on how the spectra of inflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines evolve as PCa develops and spreads. We also discussed recent developments in our awareness of the diverse molecular signaling pathways of these circulating cytokines and CXC chemokines, as well as their associated receptors, which may one day serve as PCa-targeted therapies. Moreover, the current status and potential of theranostic PCa therapies based on cytokines, CXC chemokines, and CXC receptors (CXCRs) are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ullah
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wang Jiao
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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2
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Zhong W, Dong S, Wang H, Pan C, Yang S. Functional Mechanism of MicroRNA-25-3p in Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Proliferation and Migration Through Regulation of Dual Specificity Phosphatase 5. J INVEST SURG 2023; 36:2202768. [PMID: 37394525 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2023.2202768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) is a highly aggressive biliary tract tumor. microRNAs (miRs) exert dual actions in various cancers. This paper seeks to expound on the functional mechanisms of miR-25-3p/dual specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP5) in HCCA cell proliferation and migration. METHODS HCCA-related data were downloaded from GEO database to screen out differentially-expressed genes. The potential target miR (miR-25-3p) and its expression in HCCA were analyzed on Starbase. The binding relation between miR-25-3p and DUSP5 was confirmed by dual-luciferase assay. Levels of miR-25-3p and DUSP5 in FRH-0201 cells and HIBEpics were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot. miR-25-3p and DUSP5 levels were intervened with to explore their effects on FRH-0201 cells. The apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and invasion of FRH-0201 cells were evaluated by TUNEL, CCK8, scratch healing, and Transwell assays. Flow cytometry was conducted to assess FRH-0201 cell cycle. Levels of cell cycle-related proteins were determined by Western blot. RESULTS DUSP5 was weakly-expressed and miR-25-3p was highly-expressed in HCCA samples and cells. miR-25-3p targeted DUSP5. miR-25-3p suppressed FRH-0201 cell apoptosis and increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. DUSP5 overexpression partially abrogated miR-25-3p overexpression-exerted effects on FRH-0201 cells. miR-25-3p stimulated G1/S phase transition of FRH-0201 cells by targeting DUSP5. CONCLUSION miR-25-3p regulated HCCA cell cycle and facilitated cell proliferation and migration by targeting DUSP5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyang Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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3
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Deng Y, Tang S, Cheng J, Zhang X, Jing D, Lin Z, Zhou J. Integrated analysis reveals Atf3 promotes neuropathic pain via orchestrating JunB mediated release of inflammatory cytokines in DRG macrophage. Life Sci 2023; 329:121939. [PMID: 37451398 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is actively involved in the development of neuropathic pain (NP), serving as an intermediate station for pain signals from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system. The mechanism by which DRG is involved in NP regulation is not fully understood. The immune system plays a pivotal role in the physiological and pathological states of the human body. In recent years, the immune system has been thought to play an increasingly important role in the pathogenesis of NP. The immune system plays a key role in pain through specific immune cells and their immune-related genes (IRGs). However, the mechanism by which IRGs of DRG regulate NP action has not been fully elucidated. Here, we performed Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of IRGs in DRG bulk-RNA sequencing data from spared nerve injury (SNI) model mice and found that their IRGs were enriched in many pathways, especially in the immune response pathway. Subsequently, we analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from DRGs extracted from the SNI model and identified eight cell populations. Among them, the highest IRG activity was presented in macrophages. Next, we analyzed the scRNA and bulk-sequencing data and deduced five common transcription factors (TFs) from differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network suggested that Atf3 and JunB are closely related. In vitro experiments, we verified that the protein and mRNA expressions of Atf3 and JunB were up-regulated in macrophages after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Moreover, the down-regulation of Atf3 reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines and decreased the protein and mRNA expression levels of JunB. The down-regulation of JunB also reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, overexpression of JunB attenuated the effect of Atf3 down-regulation in reducing the release of inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, we speculated that Atf3 might promote NP through JunB-mediated release of inflammatory factors in DRG macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510000, China
| | - Simin Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510000, China
| | - Jiurong Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510000, China
| | - Xiangsheng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510000, China
| | - Danqin Jing
- College of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030001, China
| | - Ziqiang Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510000, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510000, China.
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Pavitra E, Kancharla J, Gupta VK, Prasad K, Sung JY, Kim J, Tej MB, Choi R, Lee JH, Han YK, Raju GSR, Bhaskar L, Huh YS. The role of NF-κB in breast cancer initiation, growth, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114822. [PMID: 37146418 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most fatal disease and is the prime cause of cancer allied female deaths. BC is caused by aberrant tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes regulated by transcription factors (TFs) like NF-κB. NF-κB is a pro-inflammatory TF that crucially alters the expressions of various genes associated with inflammation, cell progression, metastasis, and apoptosis and modulates a network of genes that underlie tumorigenesis. Herein, we focus on NF-κB signaling pathways, its regulators, and the rationale for targeting NF-κB. This review also includes TFs that maintain NF-κB crosstalk and their roles in promoting angiogenesis and metastasis. In addition, we discuss the importance of combination therapies, resistance to treatment, and potential novel therapeutic strategies including nanomedicine that targets NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eluri Pavitra
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; 3D Convergence Center, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jyothsna Kancharla
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Vanasthali, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiran Prasad
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur- 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ju Yong Sung
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jigyeong Kim
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Mandava Bhuvan Tej
- Department of Health care informatics, Sacred Heart University, 5151Park Avenue, Fair fields, CT06825, USA
| | - Rino Choi
- 3D Convergence Center, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Lee
- 3D Convergence Center, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganji Seeta Rama Raju
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Lvks Bhaskar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur- 495009, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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Yamane T, Kanamori Y, Sawayama H, Yano H, Nita A, Ohta Y, Hinokuma H, Maeda A, Iwai A, Matsumoto T, Shimoda M, Niimura M, Usuki S, Yasuda-Yoshihara N, Niwa M, Baba Y, Ishimoto T, Komohara Y, Sawa T, Hirayama T, Baba H, Moroishi T. Iron accelerates Fusobacterium nucleatum-induced CCL8 expression in macrophages and is associated with colorectal cancer progression. JCI Insight 2022; 7:156802. [PMID: 36136589 PMCID: PMC9675438 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that high levels of Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal tumor tissues can be associated with poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC); however, data regarding distinct prognostic subgroups in F. nucleatum-positive CRC remain limited. Herein, we demonstrate that high-iron status was associated with a worse prognosis in patients with CRC with F. nucleatum. Patients with CRC presenting elevated serum transferrin saturation exhibited preferential iron deposition in macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, F. nucleatum induced CCL8 expression in macrophages via the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, which was inhibited by iron deficiency. Mechanistically, iron attenuated the inhibitory phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 by activating serine/threonine phosphatases, augmenting tumor-promoting chemokine production in macrophages. Our observations indicate a key role for iron in modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway and suggest its prognostic potential as a determining factor for interpatient heterogeneity in F. nucleatum-positive CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Yamane
- Department of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences,,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Yohei Kanamori
- Department of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences
| | - Hiroshi Sawayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Hiromu Yano
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, and
| | - Akihiro Nita
- Department of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences
| | - Yudai Ohta
- Department of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences
| | - Hironori Hinokuma
- Department of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences
| | - Ayato Maeda
- Department of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences
| | - Akiko Iwai
- Department of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Department of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences,,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Mayuko Shimoda
- Department of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences
| | - Mayumi Niimura
- Department of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences
| | - Shingo Usuki
- Liaison Laboratory Research Promotion Center, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Masato Niwa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences,,Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, and,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, and
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hirayama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences,,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, and
| | - Toshiro Moroishi
- Department of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences,,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, and
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ZFP36 Inhibits Tumor Progression of Human Prostate Cancer by Targeting CDK6 and Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3611540. [PMID: 36111167 PMCID: PMC9470309 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3611540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The expression of ZFP36 in previous study was reduced in prostate cancer (PCa) tissues as compared to benign prostate tissues, indicating the potential of ZFP36 as an auxiliary marker for PCa. Further evaluation was conducted in clinical samples for in vitro and in vivo experiments, to prove the potential possibility that ZFP36 dysregulation participated in the malignant phenotype of PCa, to determine its potential mechanism for tumor regulation, and to provide a new theoretical basis for gene therapy of PCa. Methods First, the expression of ZFP36 in prostate tissue and PCa tissue was explored, and the relationship between ZFP36 and clinical features of PCa patients was illustrated. Subsequently, the impact of ZFP36 on the biology of PCa cells and relevant downstream pathways of ZFP36's biological impact on PCa were elucidated. Finally, whether oxidative stress mediated the regulation of ZFP36 in PCa was verified by the determination of oxidative stress-related indicators and bioinformatics analysis. Results The downregulation of ZFP36 in PCa tissue had a positive correlation with high Gleason scores, advanced pathological stage, and biochemical recurrence. ZFP36 was identified as an independent prognostic factor for PCa patients' BCR-free survival (P = 0.022) by survival analysis. Following a subsequent experiment of function gain and loss, ZFP36 inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration in DU145 and 22RV1 cells and inhibits tumor growth in the mouse model. Additionally, high-throughput sequencing screened out CDK6 as the downstream target gene of ZFP36. Western blot/Q-PCR demonstrated that overexpression of ZFP36 could reduce the expression of CDK6 at both cellular and animal levels, and the dual-luciferase experiment and RIP experiment proved that CDK6 was the downstream target of ZFP36, indicating that CDK6 was a downstream target of ZFP36, which mediated tumor cell growth by blocking cell cycle at the G1 stage. Furthermore, ZFP36 inhibited oxidative stress in PCa cells. Conclusions In PCa, ZFP36 might be a tumor suppressor that regulated growth, invasion, and migration of PCa cells. The lately discovered ZFP36-CDK6 axis demonstrated the molecular mechanism of PCa progression to a certain extent which might act as a new possible therapeutic target of PCa therapy.
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Lyu F, Li Y, Yan Z, He Q, Cheng L, Zhang P, Liu B, Liu C, Song Y, Xing Y. Identification of ISG15 and ZFP36 as novel hypoxia- and immune-related gene signatures contributing to a new perspective for the treatment of prostate cancer by bioinformatics and experimental verification. J Transl Med 2022; 20:202. [PMID: 35538543 PMCID: PMC9092714 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostatic cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignant tumors in men worldwide. Emerging evidence indicates significance of hypoxia and immunity in PCa invasion and metastasis. This study aimed to develop a hypoxia- and immune-related gene risk signature and explore the molecular mechanisms to formulate a better prognostic tool for PCa patients. Methods The hypoxia and immune scores of all PCa patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset were calculated via the maximally selected rank statistics method and the ESTIMATE algorithm. From common genes identified overlapping hypoxia- and immune-related differentially expressed genes (DE-HRGs and DE-IRGs), a hypoxia- and immune-related gene risk signature was developed utilizing univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, and validated in the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre (MSKCC) database. The immune cell infiltration level of PCa samples were evaluated with ssGSEA algorithm. Differential expression of prognostic genes was evidenced by immunohistochemistry and western blot (WB) in paired PCa samples. Expression levels of these genes and their variations under regular and hypoxic conditions were examined in cell lines. The functional effects of the prognostic gene on PCa cells were examined by wound healing and transwell assays. Results A hypoxia- and immune-related gene risk signature constructed by ISG15 and ZFP36 displays significant predictive potency, with higher risk score representing worse survival. A nomogram based on independent prognostic factors including the risk score and Gleason score exhibited excellent clinical value in the survival prediction of PCa. Infiltration levels of eosinophils, neutrophils, Tcm, Tem, TFH, Th1 cells, and Th17 cells were significantly lower in the high-risk group. Conversely, aDC, pDC, T helper cells, and Tregs were significantly higher. Additionally, the two prognostic genes were closely correlated with the tumor-infiltrating immune cell subset in PCa progression. RT-qPCR and WB presented higher and lower expression of ISG15 and ZFP36 in PCa cells, respectively. They were correspondingly increased and decreased in PCa cells under hypoxic conditions. Wound healing and transwell assays showed that over-expression of ISG15 promoted the migration and invasion of PCa cells. Conclusion Our study identified a novel hypoxia- and immune-related gene signature, contributing a new perspective to the treatment of PCa Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03398-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lyu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yunxue Li
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhecheng Yan
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qingliu He
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lulin Cheng
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yarong Song
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Yifei Xing
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Cheng Y, Heng X, Feng F. G-protein Coupled Receptor 34 Promotes Gliomagenesis by Inducing Proliferation and Malignant Phenotype via TGF-Beta/Smad Signaling Pathway. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221105733. [PMID: 35770303 PMCID: PMC9252019 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221105733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: G-protein coupled receptor 34 (GPR34) is involved in cell motility, differentiation, and mitosis. GPR34 was reported to be highly expressed and play an oncogenic role in several solid tumors. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying how GPR34 promotes glioma progression. Methods: Bioinformatic analysis was performed on RNA-seq and clinical data from the gene expression omnibus (GEO), cancer genome atlas (TCGA), and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. TIMER database and single-sample GSEA (ssGAEA) method were used to investigate the association between the GPR34 expression and immune infiltration level in glioma. Cox regression analysis was employed to ascertain whether the risk signature was an independent prognostic indicator for glioma. The viability and migratory/invasive potential of glioma cells were assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell assays. Results: We found that GPR34 expression was positively correlated with immune infiltration level and that high GPR34 level may be associated with poor prognosis in glioma. We further found that GPR34 may serve as an independent prognostic marker and prediction factor for the clinicopathological features of glioma. We showed that knocking down GPR34 attenuated the viability and migratory/invasive capacity of glioma cells (U251 and LN229), while GPR34 overexpression exerted the opposite effects. Additionally, core enrichment in the GSEA analysis indicated that GPR34-mediated gliomagenesis was associated with the cell cycle arrest, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and activation of the TGF-β/Smad pathway; furthermore, inhibiting TGF-β/Smad signaling using LY2157299, a TGF-β inhibitor, reversed the oncogenic effects and malignant phenotype associated with GPR34 overexpression. Conclusion: GPR34 enhances the malignancy and carcinogenesis of glioma by promoting an EMT-like process, G1/S phase cell cycle transition, and TGF-β/Smad signaling. Accordingly, GPR34 likely functions as an oncogene in glioma and may represent a potential therapeutic target for this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Cheng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Like Intelligence, 529858Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, 529858Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyuan Heng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Like Intelligence, 529858Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, 529858Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Feng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Like Intelligence, 529858Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, 529858Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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9
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Zhang X, Zhang B, Zhang C, Sun G, Sun X. Current Progress in Delineating the Roles of Pseudokinase TRIB1 in Controlling Human Diseases. J Cancer 2021; 12:6012-6020. [PMID: 34539875 PMCID: PMC8425202 DOI: 10.7150/jca.51627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tribbles homolog 1 (TRIB1) is a member of the tribbles family of pseudoprotein kinases and is widely expressed in numerous tissues, such as bone marrow, skeletal muscle, liver, heart, and adipose tissue. It is closely associated with acute myeloid leukemia, prostate cancer, and tumor drug resistance, and can interfere with the hematopoietic stem cell cycle, promote tumor cell proliferation, and inhibit apoptosis. Recent studies have shown that TRIB1 can regulate acute and chronic inflammation by affecting the secretion of inflammatory factors, which is closely related to the occurrence of hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. Given the important biological functions of TRIB1, the reviews published till now are not sufficiently comprehensive. Therefore, this paper reviews the progress in TRIB1 research aimed at exploring its roles in cancer, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease, and providing a theoretical basis for further studies on the biological roles of TRIB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of efficacy evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of efficacy evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of efficacy evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of efficacy evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of efficacy evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China
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10
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Xing Q, Liu S, Luan J, Wang Y, Ma L. A novel 13 RNA binding proteins (RBPs) signature could predict prostate cancer biochemical recurrence. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 225:153587. [PMID: 34419719 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer precision medicine requires biomarkers or signatures to predict prognosis and therapeutic benefits. Driven by this, we established a biochemical recurrence (BCR) predictive model for prostate cancer (PCA) patients based on RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). METHODS RNA-sequencing and corresponding clinicopathological data were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Univariate COX, LASSO and multivariate COX regression analyses were carried out to develop the BCR predictive riskScore model. Survival analysis, ROC curve, independent prognostic analysis, nomogram were also performed to evaluate this signature internally and externally. RESULTS A total of 13 RBPs including TRMT1L, WBP4, MBNL3, SMAD9, NSUN7, ENG9, PIWIL4, PEG10, CSDC2, HELZ2, CELF2, YBX2 and ESRP2 were eventually identified as BCR-related hub biomarkers and utilized to establish a riskScore. Further analysis including external and internal verification indicated that the patients with high riskScores had shorter time to BCR compared to those with low riskScores in both TCGA and GSE116918. The area under the curve (AUC) of the time-dependent receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) of the predictive model exhibited a good predictive performance. The signature was also proven to be a valuable independent prognostic factor (all P < 0.05). We also established a nomogram based on the 13 RBPs to visualize the relationships between individual predictors and 1-, 3- and 5-year BCR for PCA. CONCLUSIONS Our results successfully screened out 13 RBPs as a robust BCR-predictive signature in PCA by external and internal verification, helping clinician predict patients' cancer progression status and promoting the specific individualized treatment than original clinical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwei Xing
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shouyong Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiaochen Luan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Limin Ma
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
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11
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Wang V, Geybels MS, Jordahl KM, Gerke T, Hamid A, Penney KL, Markt SC, Freedman M, Pomerantz M, Lee GSM, Rana H, Börnigen D, Rebbeck TR, Huttenhower C, Eeles RA, Stanford JL, Consortium P, Berndt SI, Claessens F, Sørensen KD, Park JY, Vega A, Usmani N, Mucci L, Sweeney CJ. A polymorphism in the promoter of FRAS1 is a candidate SNP associated with metastatic prostate cancer. Prostate 2021; 81:683-693. [PMID: 33956343 PMCID: PMC8491321 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and one of its mediators, NF-kappa B (NFκB), have been implicated in prostate cancer carcinogenesis. We assessed whether germline polymorphisms associated with NFκB are associated with the risk of developing lethal disease (metastases or death from prostate cancer). METHODS Using a Bayesian approach leveraging NFκB biology with integration of publicly available datasets we used a previously defined genome-wide functional association network specific to NFκB and lethal prostate cancer. A dense-module-searching method identified modules enriched with significant genes from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) study in a discovery data set, Physicians' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (PHS/HPFS). The top 48 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the dense-module-searching method were then assessed in an independent prostate cancer cohort and the one SNP reproducibly associated with lethality was tested in a third cohort. Logistic regression models evaluated the association between each SNP and lethal prostate cancer. The candidate SNP was assessed for association with lethal prostate cancer in 6 of 28 studies in the prostate cancer association group to investigate cancer associated alterations in the genome (PRACTICAL) Consortium where there was some medical record review for death ascertainment which also had SNP data from the ONCOARRAY platform. All men self-identified as Caucasian. RESULTS The rs1910301 SNP which was reproducibly associated with lethal disease was nominally associated with lethal disease (odds ratio [OR] = 1.40; p = .02) in the discovery cohort and the minor allele was also associated with lethal disease in two independent cohorts (OR = 1.35; p = .04 and OR = 1.35; p = .07). Fixed effects meta-analysis of all three cohorts found an association: OR = 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-1.62, p = .0003). This SNP is in the promoter region of FRAS1, a gene involved in epidermal-basement membrane adhesion and is present at a higher frequency in men with African ancestry. No association was found in the subset of studies from the PRACTICAL consortium studies which had a total of 106 deaths out total of 3263 patients and a median follow-up of 4.4 years. CONCLUSIONS Through its connection with the NFκB pathway, a candidate SNP with a higher frequency in men of African ancestry without cancer was found to be associated with lethal prostate cancer across three well-annotated independent cohorts of Caucasian men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Wang
- Department of Biostatistics & Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Milan S Geybels
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kristina M Jordahl
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Travis Gerke
- Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anis Hamid
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kathryn L Penney
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah C Markt
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark Pomerantz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gwo-Shu M Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Huma Rana
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniela Börnigen
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Bioinformatics Core, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ros A Eeles
- Oncogenetics, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Practical Consortium
- Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank Claessens
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karina D Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Ana Vega
- Fundación Pública Galega Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nawaid Usmani
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lorelei Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher J Sweeney
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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The Tristetraprolin Family of RNA-Binding Proteins in Cancer: Progress and Future Prospects. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061539. [PMID: 32545247 PMCID: PMC7352335 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression plays a key role in cellular proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. Increasing evidence suggests dysregulated post-transcriptional gene expression as an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of cancer. The tristetraprolin family of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), which include Zinc Finger Protein 36 (ZFP36; commonly referred to as tristetraprolin (TTP)), Zinc Finger Protein 36 like 1 (ZFP36L1), and Zinc Finger Protein 36 like 2 (ZFP36L2), play key roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Mechanistically, these proteins function by binding to the AU-rich elements within the 3′-untranslated regions of their target mRNAs and, in turn, increasing mRNA turnover. The TTP family RBPs are emerging as key regulators of multiple biological processes relevant to cancer and are aberrantly expressed in numerous human cancers. The TTP family RBPs have tumor-suppressive properties and are also associated with cancer prognosis, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy. Herein, we summarize the various hallmark molecular traits of cancers that are reported to be regulated by the TTP family RBPs. We emphasize the role of the TTP family RBPs in the regulation of trait-associated mRNA targets in relevant cancer types/cell lines. Finally, we highlight the potential of the TTP family RBPs as prognostic indicators and discuss the possibility of targeting these TTP family RBPs for therapeutic benefits.
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13
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Pollard BS, Suckow MA, Wolter WR, Starr JM, Eidelman O, Dalgard CL, Kumar P, Battacharyya S, Srivastava M, Biswas R, Wilkerson MD, Zhang X, Yang Q, Pollard HB. Digitoxin Inhibits Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal-Transition in Hereditary Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:630. [PMID: 31428571 PMCID: PMC6687970 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) is thought to be driven by a collaborative mechanism between TNFα/NFκB and TGFβ signaling, leading to inflammation, Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal-Transition (EMT), and metastasis. Initially, TGFβ is a tumor suppressor, but in advanced metastatic disease it switches to being a tumor promoter. TGFBR2 may play a critical role in this collaboration, as its expression is driven by NFκB and it is the primary receptor for TGFβ. We have previously reported that the cardenolide drug digitoxin blocks TNFα/NFκB-driven proinflammatory signaling. We therefore hypothesized that digitoxin might break the collaborative process between NFκB and TGFβ by also inhibiting expression of TGFBR2. We therefore tested whether TGFβ-driven EMT and resulting metastases would be suppressed. Here we show, in vitro, that digitoxin inhibits NFκB-driven TGFBR2 expression, as well as Vimentin, while elevating E-cadherin expression. Digitoxin also significantly reduces HSPB1 mRNA and the HSPB1/RBFOX2 mRNA ratio in PC3 cells. In vivo, in a syngeneic, immune competent rat model of metastatic CRPC, we show that digitoxin also suppresses Tgfbr2 expression, as well as expression of other genes classically driven by NFκB, and of multiple EMT genes associated with metastasis. Concurrently, digitoxin suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in these animals, and prolongs survival. Gross tumor recurrence following tumor resection also appears prevented in ca 30% of cases. While the existence of a collaboration between NFκB and TGFβ to drive EMT and metastasis has previously been appreciated, we show here, for the first time, that chronic, low concentrations of digitoxin are able to block CRPC tumor progression, EMT and the ensuing metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark A Suckow
- Lobund Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - William R Wolter
- Lobund Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Joshua M Starr
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine-America's Medical School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ofer Eidelman
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine-America's Medical School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine-America's Medical School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Parameet Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine-America's Medical School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sharmistha Battacharyya
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine-America's Medical School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Meera Srivastava
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine-America's Medical School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Roopa Biswas
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine-America's Medical School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew D Wilkerson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine-America's Medical School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Xijun Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine-America's Medical School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Qingfeng Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine-America's Medical School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Harvey B Pollard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine-America's Medical School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Bethesda, MD, United States
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14
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Liu ZZ, Han ZD, Liang YK, Chen JX, Wan S, Zhuo YJ, Cai ZD, Deng YL, Lin ZY, Mo RJ, He HC, Zhong WD. TRIB1 induces macrophages to M2 phenotype by inhibiting IKB-zeta in prostate cancer. Cell Signal 2019; 59:152-162. [PMID: 30926388 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has made great breakthroughs in the field of cancer. However, the immunotherapeutic effect of prostate cancer is unsatisfactory. We found that the expression of TRIB1 was significantly correlated with the infiltration of CD163+ macrophages in prostate cancer. This study focused on the effects of TRIB1 on macrophage polarization in the immune microenvironment of prostate cancer. RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated that TRIB1 has significant effects on the regulation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway and downstream cytokines. Flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to examine THP-1 cells cultured in conditioned medium from prostate cancer cells overexpressing TRIB1 and showed that overexpression of TRIB1 promoted the secretion of CXCL2 and interleukin (IL)8 by PC3 cells, which increased the secretion of IL12 by THP-1 cells as well as the expression of CD163 on THP-1 cells. IKB-zeta, regulated by TRIB1, was expressed in PC3 cells but was barely detectable in DU145 cells. The reductions in CXCL2 and IL8 by the inhibition of TRIB1 were rescued by the deletion of IKB-zeta. Here we showed that TRIB1 promoted the secretion of cytokines from prostate cancer cells and induced the differentiation of monocytes/macrophages into M2 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Zhen Liu
- Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510800, China; Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Zhao-Dong Han
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Ying-Ke Liang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Jun-Xu Chen
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Song Wan
- Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510800, China
| | - Yang-Jia Zhuo
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Zhi-Duan Cai
- Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510800, China; Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Yu-Lin Deng
- Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510800, China; Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Zhuo-Yuan Lin
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Ru-Jun Mo
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Hui-Chan He
- Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Wei-De Zhong
- Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510800, China; Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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15
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Complex Systems Biology Approach in Connecting PI3K-Akt and NF-κB Pathways in Prostate Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030201. [PMID: 30813597 PMCID: PMC6468646 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3′-OH kinase (PI3K)-Akt and transcription factor NF-κB are important molecules involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and oncogenesis. Both PI3K-Akt and Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-κB) are involved in the development and progression of prostate cancer, however, the crosstalk and molecules connecting these pathway remains unclear. A multilevel system representation of the PI3K-Akt and NF-κB pathways was constructed to determine which signaling components contribute to adaptive behavior and coordination. In silico experiments conducted using PI3K-Akt and NF-κB, mathematical models were modularized using biological functionality and were validated using a cell culture system. Our analysis demonstrates that a component representing the IκB kinase (IKK) complex can coordinate these two pathways. It is expected that interruption of this molecule could represent a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer.
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16
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Schillaci O, Scimeca M, Trivigno D, Chiaravalloti A, Facchetti S, Anemona L, Bonfiglio R, Santeusanio G, Tancredi V, Bonanno E, Urbano N, Mauriello A. Prostate cancer and inflammation: A new molecular imaging challenge in the era of personalized medicine. Nucl Med Biol 2019; 68-69:66-79. [PMID: 30770226 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between cancer and inflammation is one of the most important fields for both clinical and translational research. Despite numerous studies reported interesting and solid data about the prognostic value of the presence of inflammatory infiltrate in cancers, the biological role of inflammation in prostate cancer development is not yet fully clarified. The characterization of molecular pathways that connect altered inflammatory response and prostate cancer progression can provide the scientific rationale for the identification of new prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Specifically, the detection of infiltrating immune cells or related-cytokines by histology and/or by molecular imaging techniques could profoundly change the management of prostate cancer patients. In this context, the anatomic pathology and imaging diagnostic teamwork can provide a valuable support for the validation of new targets for diagnosis and therapy of prostate cancer lesions associated to the inflammatory infiltrate. The aim of this review is to summarize the current literature about the role of molecular imaging technique and anatomic pathology in the study of the mutual interaction occurring between prostate cancer and inflammation. Specifically, we reported the more recent advances in molecular imaging and histological methods for the early detection of prostate lesions associated to the inflammatory infiltrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Schillaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy; University of San Raffaele, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Donata Trivigno
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Agostino Chiaravalloti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Simone Facchetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Lucia Anemona
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Rita Bonfiglio
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Santeusanio
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Virginia Tancredi
- University of San Raffaele, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Bonanno
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Urbano
- Nuclear Medicine, Policlinico "Tor Vergata", Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
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17
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Gerke T, Beltran H, Wang X, Lee GSM, Sboner A, Karnes RJ, Klein EA, Davicioni E, Yousefi K, Ross AE, Börnigen D, Huttenhower C, Mucci LA, Trock BJ, Sweeney CJ. Low Tristetraprolin Expression Is Associated with Lethal Prostate Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 28:584-590. [PMID: 30420441 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is linked to prostate cancer progression and is mediated by NF-κB. Tristetraprolin is a key node of NF-κB activation and we investigated its biological and prognostic role in lethal prostate cancer. METHODS In vitro assays assessed the function of tristetraprolin and the association between low mRNA tristetraprolin levels and lethal prostate cancer (metastatic disease or death) was assessed across independent prostatectomy cohorts: (i) nested case-control studies from Health Professionals Follow-up Study and Physicians' Health Study, and (ii) prostatectomy samples from Cleveland Clinic, Mayo Clinic, Johns Hopkins and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Tristetraprolin expression levels in prostatectomy samples from patients with localized disease and biopsies of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) were assessed in a Cornell University cohort. RESULTS In vitro tristetraprolin expression was inversely associated with NF-κB-controlled genes, proliferation, and enzalutamide sensitivity. Men with localized prostate cancer and lower quartile of tumor tristetraprolin expression had a significant, nearly two-fold higher risk of lethal prostate cancer after adjusting for known clinical and histologic prognostic features (age, RP Gleason score, T-stage). Tristetraprolin expression was also significantly lower in mCRPC compared with localized prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS Lower levels of tristetraprolin in human prostate cancer prostatectomy tissue are associated with more aggressive prostate cancer and may serve as an actionable prognostic and predictive biomarker. IMPACT There is a clear need for improved biomarkers to identify patients with localized prostate cancer in need of treatment intensification, such as adjuvant testosterone suppression, or treatment de-intensification, such as active surveillance. Tristetraprolin levels may serve as informative biomarkers in localized prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric A Klein
- Cleveland Clinic Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | | | - Ashley E Ross
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniela Börnigen
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce J Trock
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Sobrino E, Irazola VE, Gutierrez L, Chen CS, Lanas F, Calandrelli M, Ponzo J, Mores N, Serón P, Lee A, He J, Rubinstein AL. Estimating prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Southern Cone of Latin America: how different spirometric criteria may affect disease burden and health policies. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:187. [PMID: 29228947 PMCID: PMC5725644 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. The study aimed to determine and compare the prevalence of COPD in the general population aged 45-74 years old according to fixed ratio and lower limit of normal (LLN) thresholds in four cities in the Southern Cone of Latin America. Methods The Pulmonary Risk in South America (PRISA) study used a 4-stage stratified sampling method to select 5814 participants from 4 cities in the Southern Cone of Latin America (Bariloche and Marcos Paz, Argentina; Temuco, Chile; and Pando-Barros Blancos, Uruguay). Data on demographic information, medical history, risk factors, pre-bronchodilator and post-bronchodilator spirometry were obtained using a standard protocol. According to GOLD, COPD was defined as a post-bronchodilator ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) over forced vital capacity (FVC) less than 70%. The LLN threshold was defined as the lower fifth percentile for predicted FEV1/FVC, and was evaluated as an alternative COPD definition. Results Overall COPD prevalence was 9.3% (95% CI 8.4, 10.2%), and men had a higher prevalence [11.8% (95% CI 10.3, 13.3%)] than women [7.3% (95% CI 6.2, 8.3%)] with the fixed ratio. Overall COPD prevalence using LLN was 4.7% (95% CI 4.1, 5.3%), higher in men: 5.8% (95% CI 4.7, 6.8%) than women: 3.9% (95% CI 3.1, 4.7%). COPD prevalence was significantly higher among those who were older, had <high-school education and lower body-mass index, were cigarette smokers, and had self-reported history of asthma and tuberculosis. Conclusions First, COPD and its risk factors are highly prevalent in the general population of Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Second, the prevalence of COPD by LLN criterion was significantly lower with lesser degrees of severity compared to fixed ratio of FEV1/FVC. Implementing LLN criterion instead of fixed ratio of FEV1/FVC may reduce the risk of over-diagnosis of COPD, although further prognostic studies of COPD adverse outcomes should be conducted using both definitions. Third, these data suggest that national efforts on the prevention, treatment, and control of COPD should be a public health priority in the Southern Cone of Latin America. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12890-017-0537-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Sobrino
- Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vilma E Irazola
- Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Gutierrez
- Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Chung-Shiuan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Fernando Lanas
- CIGES, Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | | | - Jacqueline Ponzo
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nora Mores
- Secretaría de Salud, Municipalidad de Marcos Paz, Pcia. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pamela Serón
- CIGES, Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Allison Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Santoni M, Cheng L, Conti A, Mariani C, Lopez-Beltran A, Montironi R, Battelli N. Activity and Functions of Tumor-associated Macrophages in Prostate Carcinogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eursup.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Guo J, Qu H, Chen Y, Xia J. The role of RNA-binding protein tristetraprolin in cancer and immunity. Med Oncol 2017; 34:196. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-1055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Krušlin B, Tomas D, Džombeta T, Milković-Periša M, Ulamec M. Inflammation in Prostatic Hyperplasia and Carcinoma-Basic Scientific Approach. Front Oncol 2017; 7:77. [PMID: 28487844 PMCID: PMC5403898 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is associated with both benign conditions and cancer. Likewise, inflammatory cells are quite common in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic tissue harboring cancer. Triggers that activate inflammatory pathways in the prostate remain a subject of argument and are likely to be multifactorial, some of these being bacterial antigens, different chemical irritations, and metabolic disorders. Acute and chronic inflammation in prostate leads to accumulation of immunocompetent cells, mainly T lymphocytes and macrophages, but also neutrophils, eosinophils, and mast cells, depending on the type of offending agent. Inflammatory processes activate hyperproliferative programs resulting in nodules seen in BPH, but are also important in creating suitable microenvironment for cancer growth and progression. Inflammatory cells have mostly been shown to have a protumoral effect such as tumor-associated macrophages, but some cell types such as mast cells have antitumoral effects. This review outlines the recent findings and theories supporting the role of inflammatory responses as drivers of both benign and malignant epithelial processes in the prostate gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Božo Krušlin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital Centre Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Tomas
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital Centre Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tihana Džombeta
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital Centre Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Milković-Periša
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Pathology, University Hospital for Tumors, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Monika Ulamec
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital Centre Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
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Haase T, Börnigen D, Müller C, Zeller T. Systems Medicine as an Emerging Tool for Cardiovascular Genetics. Front Cardiovasc Med 2016; 3:27. [PMID: 27626034 PMCID: PMC5003874 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2016.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the pathogenesis of CVD is complex and remains elusive. Within the last years, systems medicine has emerged as a novel tool to study the complex genetic, molecular, and physiological interactions leading to diseases. In this review, we provide an overview about the current approaches for systems medicine in CVD. They include bioinformatical and experimental tools such as cell and animal models, omics technologies, network, and pathway analyses. Additionally, we discuss challenges and current literature examples where systems medicine has been successfully applied for the study of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Haase
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Börnigen
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Müller
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Hamburg, Germany
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