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Córdoba LE, Pérez de Rosas AR, García BA, Serradell MDC, Remón C, Mougabure-Cueto GA, Stroppa MM. RNA interference of the clock gene period disrupts circadian rhythms in the expression of genes related to insecticide resistance in the chagas disease vector Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Acta Trop 2024; 257:107329. [PMID: 39033969 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
In Triatoma infestans it was observed pyrethroid resistance attributed in part to an elevated oxidative metabolism mediated by cytochromes P450. The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) plays a crucial role in catalysing the electron transfer from NADPH to all cytochrome P450s. The daily variations in the expression of CPR gene and a P450 gene (CYP4EM7), both associated with insecticide resistance, suggested that their expressions would be under the endogenous clock control. To clarify the involvement of the clock in orchestration of the daily fluctuations in CPR and CYP4M7 genes expression, it was proposed to investigate the effect of silencing the clock gene period (per) by RNA interference (RNAi). The results obtained allowed to establish that the silencing of per gene was influenced by intake schemes used in the interference protocols. The silencing of per gene in T. infestans reduced its expression at all the time points analysed and abolished the characteristic rhythm in the transcriptional expression of per mRNA. The effect of the per gene silencing in the expression profiles at the transcriptional level of CPR and CYP4EM7 genes showed the loss of rhythmicity and demonstrated the biological clock involvement in the regulation of t heir expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Córdoba
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET and Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - A R Pérez de Rosas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET and Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - B A García
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET and Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Del C Serradell
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Inmunología y Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIDIE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - C Remón
- Unidad Operativa de Vectores y Ambiente (UnOVE) Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo - Epidemias (CeNDIE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) Dr. C. MALBRAN, Santa María de Punilla, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - G A Mougabure-Cueto
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de Insectos, Departamento Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA, UBA-CONICET). Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M M Stroppa
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET and Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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2
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Haltenhof T, Preußner M, Heyd F. Thermoregulated transcriptomics: the molecular basis and biological significance of temperature-dependent alternative splicing. Biochem J 2024; 481:999-1013. [PMID: 39083035 PMCID: PMC11346455 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Temperature-dependent alternative splicing (AS) is a crucial mechanism for organisms to adapt to varying environmental temperatures. In mammals, even slight fluctuations in body temperature are sufficient to drive significant AS changes in a concerted manner. This dynamic regulation allows organisms to finely tune gene expression and protein isoform diversity in response to temperature cues, ensuring proper cellular function and physiological adaptation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying temperature-dependent AS thus provides valuable insights into the intricate interplay between environmental stimuli and gene expression regulation. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in understanding temperature-regulated AS across various biological processes and systems. We will discuss the machinery sensing and translating temperature cues into changed AS patterns, the adaptation of the splicing regulatory machinery to extreme temperatures, the role of temperature-dependent AS in shaping the transcriptome, functional implications and the development of potential therapeutics targeting temperature-sensitive AS pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Haltenhof
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of RNA Biochemistry, Takustrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Preußner
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of RNA Biochemistry, Takustrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Heyd
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of RNA Biochemistry, Takustrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Hidalgo S, Chiu JC. Integration of photoperiodic and temperature cues by the circadian clock to regulate insect seasonal adaptations. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2024; 210:585-599. [PMID: 37584703 PMCID: PMC11057393 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-023-01667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Organisms adapt to unfavorable seasonal conditions to survive. These seasonal adaptations rely on the correct interpretation of environmental cues such as photoperiod, and temperature. Genetic studies in several organisms, including the genetic powerhouse Drosophila melanogaster, indicate that circadian clock components, such as period and timeless, are involved in photoperiodic-dependent seasonal adaptations, but our understanding of this process is far from complete. In particular, the role of temperature as a key factor to complement photoperiodic response is not well understood. The development of new sequencing technologies has proven extremely useful in understanding the plastic changes that the clock and other cellular components undergo in different environmental conditions, including changes in gene expression and alternative splicing. This article discusses the integration of photoperiod and temperature for seasonal biology as well as downstream molecular and cellular pathways involved in the regulation of physiological adaptations that occur with changing seasons. We focus our discussion on the current understanding of the involvement of the molecular clock and the circadian clock neuronal circuits in these adaptations in D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Hidalgo
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Joanna C Chiu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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4
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Xu B, Hwangbo DS, Saurabh S, Rosensweig C, Allada R, Kath WL, Braun R. Temperature-driven coordination of circadian transcriptional regulation. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1012029. [PMID: 38648221 PMCID: PMC11108206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is an evolutionarily-conserved molecular oscillator that enables species to anticipate rhythmic changes in their environment. At a molecular level, the core clock genes induce circadian oscillations in thousands of genes in a tissue-specific manner, orchestrating myriad biological processes. While previous studies have investigated how the core clock circuit responds to environmental perturbations such as temperature, the downstream effects of such perturbations on circadian regulation remain poorly understood. By analyzing bulk-RNA sequencing of Drosophila fat bodies harvested from flies subjected to different environmental conditions, we demonstrate a highly condition-specific circadian transcriptome: genes are cycling in a temperature-specific manner, and the distributions of their phases also differ between the two conditions. Further employing a reference-based gene regulatory network (Reactome), we find evidence of increased gene-gene coordination at low temperatures and synchronization of rhythmic genes that are network neighbors. We report that the phase differences between cycling genes increase as a function of geodesic distance in the low temperature condition, suggesting increased coordination of cycling on the gene regulatory network. Our results suggest a potential mechanism whereby the circadian clock mediates the fly's response to seasonal changes in temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxian Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Dae-Sung Hwangbo
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sumit Saurabh
- Department of Biology, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Clark Rosensweig
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ravi Allada
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - William L. Kath
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rosemary Braun
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America
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5
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Sakamoto F, Kanamori S, Díaz LM, Cádiz A, Ishii Y, Yamaguchi K, Shigenobu S, Nakayama T, Makino T, Kawata M. Detection of evolutionary conserved and accelerated genomic regions related to adaptation to thermal niches in Anolis lizards. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11117. [PMID: 38455144 PMCID: PMC10920033 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic basis for adapting to thermal environments is important due to serious effects of global warming on ectothermic species. Various genes associated with thermal adaptation in lizards have been identified mainly focusing on changes in gene expression or the detection of positively selected genes using coding regions. Only a few comprehensive genome-wide analyses have included noncoding regions. This study aimed to identify evolutionarily conserved and accelerated genomic regions using whole genomes of eight Anolis lizard species that have repeatedly adapted to similar thermal environments in multiple lineages. Evolutionarily conserved genomic regions were extracted as regions with overall sequence conservation (regions with fewer base substitutions) across all lineages compared with the neutral model. Genomic regions that underwent accelerated evolution in the lineage of interest were identified as those with more base substitutions in the target branch than in the entire background branch. Conserved elements across all branches were relatively abundant in "intergenic" genomic regions among noncoding regions. Accelerated regions (ARs) of each lineage contained a significantly greater proportion of noncoding RNA genes than the entire multiple alignment. Common genes containing ARs within 5 kb of their vicinity in lineages with similar thermal habitats were identified. Many genes associated with circadian rhythms and behavior were found in hot-open and cool-shaded habitat lineages. These genes might play a role in contributing to thermal adaptation and assist future studies examining the function of genes involved in thermal adaptation via genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuku Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | | | - Luis M. Díaz
- National Museum of Natural History of CubaHavanaCuba
| | - Antonio Cádiz
- Faculty of BiologyUniversity of HavanaHavanaCuba
- Present address:
Department of BiologyUniversity of MiamiCoral GablesFloridaUSA
| | - Yuu Ishii
- Graduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | | | - Shuji Shigenobu
- Trans‐Omics FacilityNational Institute for Basic BiologyOkazakiJapan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life ScienceThe Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAIOkazakiJapan
| | - Takuro Nakayama
- Division of Life Sciences, Center for Computational SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Takashi Makino
- Graduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Masakado Kawata
- Graduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
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6
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Xu B, Hwangbo DS, Saurabh S, Rosensweig C, Allada R, Kath WL, Braun R. Temperature-driven coordination of circadian transcriptome regulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.27.563979. [PMID: 37961403 PMCID: PMC10634908 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.27.563979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is an evolutionarily-conserved molecular oscillator that enables species to anticipate rhythmic changes in their environment. At a molecular level, the core clock genes induce a circadian oscillation in thousands of genes in a tissue-specific manner, orchestrating myriad biological processes. While studies have investigated how the core clock circuit responds to environmental perturbations such as temperature, the downstream effects of such perturbations on circadian regulation remain poorly understood. By analyzing bulk-RNA sequencing of Drosophila fat bodies harvested from flies subjected to different environmental conditions, we demonstrate a highly condition-specific circadian transcriptome. Further employing a reference-based gene regulatory network (Reactome), we find evidence of increased gene-gene coordination at low temperatures and synchronization of rhythmic genes that are network neighbors. Our results point to the mechanisms by which the circadian clock mediates the fly's response to seasonal changes in temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxian Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Dae-Sung Hwangbo
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sumit Saurabh
- Department of Biology, Loyola University, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Clark Rosensweig
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ravi Allada
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - William L Kath
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Rosemary Braun
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
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7
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Au DD, Liu JC, Park SJ, Nguyen TH, Dimalanta M, Foden AJ, Holmes TC. Drosophila photoreceptor systems converge in arousal neurons and confer light responsive robustness. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1160353. [PMID: 37274190 PMCID: PMC10235467 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1160353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lateral ventral neurons (LNvs) in the fly circadian neural circuit mediate behaviors other than clock resetting, including light-activated acute arousal. Converging sensory inputs often confer functional redundancy. The LNvs have three distinct light input pathways: (1) cell autonomously expressed cryptochrome (CRY), (2) rhodopsin 7 (Rh7), and (3) synaptic inputs from the eyes and other external photoreceptors that express opsins and CRY. We explored the relative photoelectrical and behavioral input contributions of these three photoreceptor systems to determine their functional impact in flies. Patch-clamp electrophysiology measuring light evoked firing frequency (FF) was performed on large LNvs (l-LNvs) in response to UV (365 nm), violet (405 nm), blue (450 nm), or red (635 nm) LED light stimulation, testing controls versus mutants that lack photoreceptor inputs gl60j, cry-null, rh7-null, and double mutant gl60j-cry-null flies. For UV, violet, and blue short wavelength light inputs, all photoreceptor mutants show significantly attenuated action potential FF responses measured in the l-LNv. In contrast, red light FF responses are only significantly attenuated in double mutant gl60j-cry-null flies. We used a light-pulse arousal assay to compare behavioral responses to UV, violet, blue and red light of control and light input mutants, measuring the awakening arousal response of flies during subjective nighttime at two different intensities to capture potential threshold differences (10 and 400 μW/cm2). The light arousal behavioral results are similar to the electrophysiological results, showing significant attenuation of behavioral light responses for mutants compared to control. These results show that the different LNv convergent photoreceptor systems are integrated and together confer functional redundancy for light evoked behavioral arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D. Au
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jenny C. Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Soo Jee Park
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Thanh H. Nguyen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Mia Dimalanta
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Alexander J. Foden
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Todd C. Holmes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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8
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Migliori ML, Goya ME, Lamberti ML, Silva F, Rota R, Bénard C, Golombek DA. Caenorhabditis elegans as a Promising Model Organism in Chronobiology. J Biol Rhythms 2023; 38:131-147. [PMID: 36680418 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221143483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms represent an adaptive feature, ubiquitously found in nature, which grants living beings the ability to anticipate daily variations in their environment. They have been found in a multitude of organisms, ranging from bacteria to fungi, plants, and animals. Circadian rhythms are generated by endogenous clocks that can be entrained daily by environmental cycles such as light and temperature. The molecular machinery of circadian clocks includes a transcriptional-translational feedback loop that takes approximately 24 h to complete. Drosophila melanogaster has been a model organism of choice to understand the molecular basis of circadian clocks. However, alternative animal models are also being adopted, each offering their respective experimental advantages. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans provides an excellent model for genetics and neuro-behavioral studies, which thanks to its ease of use and manipulation, as well as availability of genetic data and mutant strains, is currently used as a novel model for circadian research. Here, we aim to evaluate C. elegans as a model for chronobiological studies, focusing on its strengths and weaknesses while reviewing the available literature. Possible zeitgebers (including light and temperature) are also discussed. Determining the molecular bases and the neural circuitry involved in the central pacemaker of the C. elegans' clock will contribute to the understanding of its circadian system, becoming a novel model organism for the study of diseases due to alterations of the circadian cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Migliori
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Goya
- European Institute for the Biology of Aging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Francisco Silva
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
| | - Rosana Rota
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
| | - Claire Bénard
- Department of Biological Sciences, CERMO-FC Research Center, Universite du Québec à Montréal, Montreál, QC, Canada
| | - Diego Andrés Golombek
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
- Universidad de San Andrés, Victoria, Argentina
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Andreatta G, Montagnese S, Costa R. Natural alleles of the clock gene timeless differentially affect life-history traits in Drosophila. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1092951. [PMID: 36703932 PMCID: PMC9871817 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1092951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks orchestrate a variety of physiological and behavioural functions within the 24-h day. These timekeeping systems have also been implicated in developmental and reproductive processes that span more (or less) than 24 h. Whether natural alleles of cardinal clock genes affect entire sets of life-history traits (i.e., reproductive arrest, developmental time, fecundity), thus providing a wider substrate for seasonal adaptation, remains unclear. Here we show that natural alleles of the timeless (tim) gene of Drosophila melanogaster, previously shown to modulate flies' propensity to enter reproductive dormancy, differentially affect correlated traits such as early-life fecundity and developmental time. Homozygous flies expressing the shorter TIM isoform (encoded by the s-tim allele) not only show a lower dormancy incidence compared to those homozygous for ls-tim (which produce both the short and an N-terminal additional 23-residues longer TIM isoform), but also higher fecundity in the first 12 days of adult life. Moreover, s-tim homozygous flies develop faster than ls-tim homozygous flies at both warm (25°C) and cold (15°C) temperatures, with the gap being larger at 15°C. In summary, this phenotypic analysis shows that natural variants of tim affect a set of life-history traits associated with reproductive dormancy in Drosophila. We speculate that this provides further adaptive advantage in temperate regions (with seasonal changes) and propose that the underlying mechanisms might not be exclusively dependent on photoperiod, as previously suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Andreatta
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy,Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,*Correspondence: Gabriele Andreatta, ; Rodolfo Costa,
| | - Sara Montagnese
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy,Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Rodolfo Costa
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy,Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom,Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Padua, Italy,*Correspondence: Gabriele Andreatta, ; Rodolfo Costa,
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10
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Faiq MA, Sengupta T, Nath M, Velpandian T, Saluja D, Dada R, Dada T, Chan KC. Ocular manifestations of central insulin resistance. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1139-1146. [PMID: 36255004 PMCID: PMC9827783 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.355765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Central insulin resistance, the diminished cellular sensitivity to insulin in the brain, has been implicated in diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders. However, whether and how central insulin resistance plays a role in the eye remains unclear. Here, we performed intracerebroventricular injection of S961, a potent and specific blocker of insulin receptor in adult Wistar rats to test if central insulin resistance leads to pathological changes in ocular structures. 80 mg of S961 was stereotaxically injected into the lateral ventricle of the experimental group twice at 7 days apart, whereas buffer solution was injected to the sham control group. Blood samples, intraocular pressure, trabecular meshwork morphology, ciliary body markers, retinal and optic nerve integrity, and whole genome expression patterns were then evaluated. While neither blood glucose nor serum insulin level was significantly altered in the experimental or control group, we found that injection of S961 but not buffer solution significantly increased intraocular pressure at 14 and 24 days after first injection, along with reduced porosity and aquaporin 4 expression in the trabecular meshwork, and increased tumor necrosis factor α and aquaporin 4 expression in the ciliary body. In the retina, cell density and insulin receptor expression decreased in the retinal ganglion cell layer upon S961 injection. Fundus photography revealed peripapillary atrophy with vascular dysregulation in the experimental group. These retinal changes were accompanied by upregulation of pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic genes, downregulation of anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neurotrophic genes, as well as dysregulation of genes involved in insulin signaling. Optic nerve histology indicated microglial activation and changes in the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, tumor necrosis factor α, and aquaporin 4. Molecular pathway architecture of the retina revealed the three most significant pathways involved being inflammation/cell stress, insulin signaling, and extracellular matrix regulation relevant to neurodegeneration. There was also a multimodal crosstalk between insulin signaling derangement and inflammation-related genes. Taken together, our results indicate that blocking insulin receptor signaling in the central nervous system can lead to trabecular meshwork and ciliary body dysfunction, intraocular pressure elevation, as well as inflammation, glial activation, and apoptosis in the retina and optic nerve. Given that central insulin resistance may lead to neurodegenerative phenotype in the visual system, targeting insulin signaling may hold promise for vision disorders involving the retina and optic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb A. Faiq
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,Neuroimaging and Visual Science Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA,Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Trina Sengupta
- Dr. Baldev Singh Sleep Laboratory, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Madhu Nath
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Thirumurthy Velpandian
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Daman Saluja
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanuj Dada
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,Correspondence to: Tanuj Dada, ; Kevin C. Chan, .
| | - Kevin C. Chan
- Neuroimaging and Visual Science Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA,Correspondence to: Tanuj Dada, ; Kevin C. Chan, .
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11
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Lecour S, Du Pré BC, Bøtker HE, Brundel BJJM, Daiber A, Davidson SM, Ferdinandy P, Girao H, Gollmann-Tepeköylü C, Gyöngyösi M, Hausenloy DJ, Madonna R, Marber M, Perrino C, Pesce M, Schulz R, Sluijter JPG, Steffens S, Van Linthout S, Young ME, Van Laake LW. Circadian rhythms in ischaemic heart disease: key aspects for preclinical and translational research: position paper of the ESC working group on cellular biology of the heart. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:2566-2581. [PMID: 34505881 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are internal regulatory processes controlled by molecular clocks present in essentially every mammalian organ that temporally regulate major physiological functions. In the cardiovascular system, the circadian clock governs heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac metabolism, contractility, and coagulation. Recent experimental and clinical studies highlight the possible importance of circadian rhythms in the pathophysiology, outcome, or treatment success of cardiovascular disease, including ischaemic heart disease. Disturbances in circadian rhythms are associated with increased cardiovascular risk and worsen outcome. Therefore, it is important to consider circadian rhythms as a key research parameter to better understand cardiac physiology/pathology, and to improve the chances of translation and efficacy of cardiac therapies, including those for ischaemic heart disease. The aim of this Position Paper by the European Society of Cardiology Working Group Cellular Biology of the Heart is to highlight key aspects of circadian rhythms to consider for improvement of preclinical and translational studies related to ischaemic heart disease and cardioprotection. Applying these considerations to future studies may increase the potential for better translation of new treatments into successful clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Lecour
- Department of Medicine, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bastiaan C Du Pré
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Henrique Girao
- Faculty of Medicine, Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Institute of Cardiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School in Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Marber
- King's College London BHF Centre, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Steffens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies & Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin 10178, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Linda W Van Laake
- Cardiology and UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Laloum D, Robinson-Rechavi M. Rhythmicity is linked to expression cost at the protein level but to expression precision at the mRNA level. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010399. [PMID: 36095022 PMCID: PMC9518874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many genes have nycthemeral rhythms of expression, i.e. a 24-hours periodic variation, at either mRNA or protein level or both, and most rhythmic genes are tissue-specific. Here, we investigate and discuss the evolutionary origins of rhythms in gene expression. Our results suggest that rhythmicity of protein expression could have been favored by selection to minimize costs. Trends are consistent in bacteria, plants and animals, and are also supported by tissue-specific patterns in mouse. Unlike for protein level, cost cannot explain rhythm at the RNA level. We suggest that instead it allows to periodically reduce expression noise. Noise control had the strongest support in mouse, with limited evidence in other species. We have also found that genes under stronger purifying selection are rhythmically expressed at the mRNA level, and we propose that this is because they are noise sensitive genes. Finally, the adaptive role of rhythmic expression is supported by rhythmic genes being highly expressed yet tissue-specific. This provides a good evolutionary explanation for the observation that nycthemeral rhythms are often tissue-specific. For many genes, their expression, i.e. the production of RNA and proteins, is rhythmic with a 24-hour period. Here, we study and discuss the evolutionary origins of these rhythms. Our analyses of data from different species suggest that the rhythmicity of protein level may have been favored by selection for cost minimization. Furthermore, we have shown that cost cannot explain the rhythmic variations in RNA levels. Instead, we suggest that it periodically reduces the stochasticity of gene expression. We also found that genes under stronger purifying selection are rhythmically expressed at the mRNA level, and propose that this is because they are noise-sensitive genes. Finally, rhythmic expression involves genes that are often highly expressed and tissue-specific. This provides a good evolutionary explanation for the tissue-specificity of these rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Laloum
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Batiment Biophore, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Batiment Génopode, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc Robinson-Rechavi
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Batiment Biophore, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Batiment Génopode, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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13
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Yildirim E, Curtis R, Hwangbo DS. Roles of peripheral clocks: lessons from the fly. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:263-293. [PMID: 34862983 PMCID: PMC8844272 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To adapt to and anticipate rhythmic changes in the environment such as daily light-dark and temperature cycles, internal timekeeping mechanisms called biological clocks evolved in a diverse set of organisms, from unicellular bacteria to humans. These biological clocks play critical roles in organisms' fitness and survival by temporally aligning physiological and behavioral processes to the external cues. The central clock is located in a small subset of neurons in the brain and drives daily activity rhythms, whereas most peripheral tissues harbor their own clock systems, which generate metabolic and physiological rhythms. Since the discovery of Drosophila melanogaster clock mutants in the early 1970s, the fruit fly has become an extensively studied model organism to investigate the mechanism and functions of circadian clocks. In this review, we primarily focus on D. melanogaster to survey key discoveries and progresses made over the past two decades in our understanding of peripheral clocks. We discuss physiological roles and molecular mechanisms of peripheral clocks in several different peripheral tissues of the fly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Curtis
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Dae-Sung Hwangbo
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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14
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Maldonado-Díaz C, Vazquez M, Marie B. A comparison of three different methods of eliciting rapid activity-dependent synaptic plasticity at the Drosophila NMJ. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260553. [PMID: 34847197 PMCID: PMC8631638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila NMJ is a system of choice for investigating the mechanisms underlying the structural and functional modifications evoked during activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Because fly genetics allows considerable versatility, many strategies can be employed to elicit this activity. Here, we compare three different stimulation methods for eliciting activity-dependent changes in structure and function at the Drosophila NMJ. We find that the method using patterned stimulations driven by a K+-rich solution creates robust structural modifications but reduces muscle viability, as assessed by resting potential and membrane resistance. We argue that, using this method, electrophysiological studies that consider the frequency of events, rather than their amplitude, are the only reliable studies. We contrast these results with the expression of CsChrimson channels and red-light stimulation at the NMJ, as well as with the expression of TRPA channels and temperature stimulation. With both these methods we observed reliable modifications of synaptic structures and consistent changes in electrophysiological properties. Indeed, we observed a rapid appearance of immature boutons that lack postsynaptic differentiation, and a potentiation of spontaneous neurotransmission frequency. Surprisingly, a patterned application of temperature changes alone is sufficient to provoke both structural and functional plasticity. In this context, temperature-dependent TRPA channel activation induces additional structural plasticity but no further increase in the frequency of spontaneous neurotransmission, suggesting an uncoupling of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Maldonado-Díaz
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Mariam Vazquez
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Bruno Marie
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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15
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Cai YD, Chiu JC. Timeless in animal circadian clocks and beyond. FEBS J 2021; 289:6559-6575. [PMID: 34699674 PMCID: PMC9038958 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
TIMELESS (TIM) was first identified as a molecular cog in the Drosophila circadian clock. Almost three decades of investigations have resulted in an insightful model describing the critical role of Drosophila TIM (dTIM) in circadian timekeeping in insects, including its function in mediating light entrainment and temperature compensation of the molecular clock. Furthermore, exciting discoveries on its sequence polymorphism and thermosensitive alternative RNA splicing have also established its role in regulating seasonal biology. Although mammalian TIM (mTIM), its mammalian paralog, was first identified as a potential circadian clock component in 1990s due to sequence similarity to dTIM, its role in clock regulation has been more controversial. Mammalian TIM has now been characterized as a DNA replication fork component and has been shown to promote fork progression and participate in cell cycle checkpoint signaling in response to DNA damage. Despite defective circadian rhythms displayed by mtim mutants, it remains controversial whether the regulation of circadian clocks by mTIM is direct, especially given the interconnection between the cell cycle and circadian clocks. In this review, we provide a historical perspective on the identification of animal tim genes, summarize the roles of TIM proteins in biological timing and genomic stability, and draw parallels between dTIM and mTIM despite apparent functional divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao D Cai
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joanna C Chiu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, CA, USA
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16
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Han H, Sun D, Cheng J, Yang Y, Xia J, Xie W, Xu B, Wu Q, Wang S, Guo Z, Zhang Y. The Thermoperiod Alters Boper Gene Expression and Thereby Regulates the Eclosion Rhythm of Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:1241-1247. [PMID: 34387308 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvab079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In most organisms, various physiological and behavioral functions are expressed rhythmically. Previous studies have shown that thermoperiod is an important factor affecting circadian clock-related genes that regulate insect locomotor activity. Bradysia odoriphaga Yang & Zhang is an underground pest that attacks more than 30 crops but is especially damaging to Chinese chives. In this study, we analyzed the adult eclosion time and period (Boper) gene expression in B. odoriphaga as affected by temperature (cycling vs constant temperature), insect stage, and tissue specific. We found that the eclosion time and expression of the Boper gene changed during the temperature cycle but not under a constant temperature. Silencing of Boper expression significantly decreased the adult eclosion rate and significantly increased adult mortality and malformation. The findings indicate that thermoperiod alters Boper expression and regulates the eclosion rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Han
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiaxu Cheng
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jixing Xia
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Baoyun Xu
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shaoli Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhaojiang Guo
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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17
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Jaiswal S, Nandi S, Iquebal MA, Jasrotia RS, Patra S, Mishra G, Udit UK, Sahu DK, Angadi UB, Meher PK, Routray P, Sundaray JK, Verma DK, Das P, Jayasankar P, Rai A, Kumar D. Revelation of candidate genes and molecular mechanism of reproductive seasonality in female rohu (Labeo rohita Ham.) by RNA sequencing. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:685. [PMID: 34548034 PMCID: PMC8456608 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carp fish, rohu (Labeo rohita Ham.) is important freshwater aquaculture species of South-East Asia having seasonal reproductive rhythm. There is no holistic study at transcriptome level revealing key candidate genes involved in such circannual rhythm regulated by biological clock genes (BCGs). Seasonality manifestation has two contrasting phases of reproduction, i.e., post-spawning resting and initiation of gonadal activity appropriate for revealing the associated candidate genes. It can be deciphered by RNA sequencing of tissues involved in BPGL (Brain-Pituitary-Gonad-Liver) axis controlling seasonality. How far such BCGs of this fish are evolutionarily conserved across different phyla is unknown. Such study can be of further use to enhance fish productivity as seasonality restricts seed production beyond monsoon season. RESULT A total of ~ 150 Gb of transcriptomic data of four tissues viz., BPGL were generated using Illumina TruSeq. De-novo assembled BPGL tissues revealed 75,554 differentially expressed transcripts, 115,534 SSRs, 65,584 SNPs, 514 pathways, 5379 transcription factors, 187 mature miRNA which regulates candidate genes represented by 1576 differentially expressed transcripts are available in the form of web-genomic resources. Findings were validated by qPCR. This is the first report in carp fish having 32 BCGs, found widely conserved in fish, amphibian, reptile, birds, prototheria, marsupials and placental mammals. This is due to universal mechanism of rhythmicity in response to environment and earth rotation having adaptive and reproductive significance. CONCLUSION This study elucidates evolutionary conserved mechanism of photo-periodism sensing, neuroendocrine secretion, metabolism and yolk synthesis in liver, gonadal maturation, muscular growth with sensory and auditory perception in this fish. Study reveals fish as a good model for research on biological clock besides its relevance in reproductive efficiency enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Jaiswal
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Samiran Nandi
- ICAR- Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odhisa India
| | - Mir Asif Iquebal
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Singh Jasrotia
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunita Patra
- ICAR- Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odhisa India
| | - Gayatri Mishra
- ICAR- Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odhisa India
| | - Uday Kumar Udit
- ICAR- Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odhisa India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Sahu
- ICAR- Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odhisa India
| | - U. B. Angadi
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Prem Kumar Meher
- ICAR- Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odhisa India
| | - Padmanav Routray
- ICAR- Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odhisa India
| | | | | | - Paramananda Das
- ICAR- Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odhisa India
| | | | - Anil Rai
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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18
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Giannoni-Guzmán MA, Rivera-Rodriguez EJ, Aleman-Rios J, Melendez Moreno AM, Pérez Ramos M, Pérez-Claudio E, Loubriel D, Moore D, Giray T, Agosto-Rivera JL. The Role of Colony Temperature in the Entrainment of Circadian Rhythms of Honey Bee Foragers. ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 114:596-605. [PMID: 34512858 PMCID: PMC8423108 DOI: 10.1093/aesa/saab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Honey bees utilize their circadian rhythms to accurately predict the time of day. This ability allows foragers to remember the specific timing of food availability and its location for several days. Previous studies have provided strong evidence toward light/dark cycles being the primary Zeitgeber for honey bees. Work in our laboratory described large individual variation in the endogenous period length of honey bee foragers from the same colony and differences in the endogenous rhythms under different constant temperatures. In this study, we further this work by examining the temperature inside the honey bee colony. By placing temperature and light data loggers at different locations inside the colony we measured temperature at various locations within the colony. We observed significant oscillations of the temperature inside the hive, that show seasonal patterns. We then simulated the observed temperature oscillations in the laboratory and found that using the temperature cycle as a Zeitgeber, foragers present large individual differences in the phase of locomotor rhythms for temperature. Moreover, foragers successfully synchronize their locomotor rhythms to these simulated temperature cycles. Advancing the cycle by six hours, resulting in changes in the phase of activity in some foragers in the assay. The results are shown in this study highlight the importance of temperature as a potential Zeitgeber in the field. Future studies will examine the possible functional and evolutionary role of the observed phase differences of circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janpierre Aleman-Rios
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
| | | | | | - Eddie Pérez-Claudio
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Darimar Loubriel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Darrell Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Tugrul Giray
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Jose L Agosto-Rivera
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
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19
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Mosier AE, Hurley JM. Circadian Interactomics: How Research Into Protein-Protein Interactions Beyond the Core Clock Has Influenced the Model of Circadian Timekeeping. J Biol Rhythms 2021; 36:315-328. [PMID: 34056936 DOI: 10.1177/07487304211014622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock is the broadly conserved, protein-based, timekeeping mechanism that synchronizes biology to the Earth's 24-h light-dark cycle. Studies of the mechanisms of circadian timekeeping have placed great focus on the role that individual protein-protein interactions play in the creation of the timekeeping loop. However, research has shown that clock proteins most commonly act as part of large macromolecular protein complexes to facilitate circadian control over physiology. The formation of these complexes has led to the large-scale study of the proteins that comprise these complexes, termed here "circadian interactomics." Circadian interactomic studies of the macromolecular protein complexes that comprise the circadian clock have uncovered many basic principles of circadian timekeeping as well as mechanisms of circadian control over cellular physiology. In this review, we examine the wealth of knowledge accumulated using circadian interactomics approaches to investigate the macromolecular complexes of the core circadian clock, including insights into the core mechanisms that impart circadian timing and the clock's regulation of many physiological processes. We examine data acquired from the investigation of the macromolecular complexes centered on both the activating and repressing arm of the circadian clock and from many circadian model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Mosier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| | - Jennifer M Hurley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY.,Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
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20
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Goh GH, Blache D, Mark PJ, Kennington WJ, Maloney SK. Daily temperature cycles prolong lifespan and have sex-specific effects on peripheral clock gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:237805. [PMID: 33758022 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.233213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms optimize health by coordinating the timing of physiological processes to match predictable daily environmental challenges. The circadian rhythm of body temperature is thought to be an important modulator of molecular clocks in peripheral tissues, but how daily temperature cycles affect physiological function is unclear. Here, we examined the effect of constant temperature (Tcon, 25°C) and cycling temperature (Tcyc, 28°C:22°C during light:dark) paradigms on lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster, and the expression of clock genes, heat shock protein 83 (Hsp83), Frost (Fst) and senescence marker protein-30 (smp-30). Male and female D. melanogaster housed at Tcyc had longer median lifespans than those housed at Tcon. Tcyc induced robust Hsp83 rhythms and rescued the age-related decrease in smp-30 expression that was observed in flies at Tcon, potentially indicating an increased capacity to cope with age-related cellular stress. Ageing under Tcon led to a decrease in the amplitude of expression of all clock genes in the bodies of male flies, except for cyc, which was non-rhythmic, and for per and cry in female flies. Strikingly, housing under Tcyc conditions rescued the age-related decrease in amplitude of all clock genes, and generated rhythmicity in cyc expression, in the male flies, but not the female flies. The results suggest that ambient temperature rhythms modulate D. melanogaster lifespan, and that the amplitude of clock gene expression in peripheral body clocks may be a potential link between temperature rhythms and longevity in male D. melanogaster. Longevity due to Tcyc appeared predominantly independent of clock gene amplitude in female D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace H Goh
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Dominique Blache
- School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Peter J Mark
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - W Jason Kennington
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Shane K Maloney
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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21
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George R, Stanewsky R. Peripheral Sensory Organs Contribute to Temperature Synchronization of the Circadian Clock in Drosophila melanogaster. Front Physiol 2021; 12:622545. [PMID: 33603678 PMCID: PMC7884628 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.622545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks are cell-autonomous endogenous oscillators, generated and maintained by self-sustained 24-h rhythms of clock gene expression. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, these daily rhythms of gene expression regulate the activity of approximately 150 clock neurons in the fly brain, which are responsible for driving the daily rest/activity cycles of these insects. Despite their endogenous character, circadian clocks communicate with the environment in order to synchronize their self-sustained molecular oscillations and neuronal activity rhythms (internal time) with the daily changes of light and temperature dictated by the Earth's rotation around its axis (external time). Light and temperature changes are reliable time cues (Zeitgeber) used by many organisms to synchronize their circadian clock to the external time. In Drosophila, both light and temperature fluctuations robustly synchronize the circadian clock in the absence of the other Zeitgeber. The complex mechanisms for synchronization to the daily light-dark cycles are understood with impressive detail. In contrast, our knowledge about how the daily temperature fluctuations synchronize the fly clock is rather limited. Whereas light synchronization relies on peripheral and clock-cell autonomous photoreceptors, temperature input to the clock appears to rely mainly on sensory cells located in the peripheral nervous system of the fly. Recent studies suggest that sensory structures located in body and head appendages are able to detect temperature fluctuations and to signal this information to the brain clock. This review will summarize these studies and their implications about the mechanisms underlying temperature synchronization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralf Stanewsky
- Institute of Neuro- and Behavioral Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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22
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Teles-de-Freitas R, Rivas GBS, Peixoto AA, Bruno RV. The Summer Is Coming: nocte and timeless Genes Are Influenced by Temperature Cycles and May Affect Aedes aegypti Locomotor Activity. Front Physiol 2020; 11:614722. [PMID: 33424639 PMCID: PMC7786104 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.614722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes exhibit activity rhythms, crucial for the transmission of pathogens, under the control of a circadian clock. Aedes aegypti is one of the world’s leading vectors. For decades, several studies have linked the rise in ambient temperature with the increase in their activity. Here, we identify candidate genes whose expression is influenced by temperature cycles and may affect Aedes locomotor activity. We observed that timeless completely lost its rhythmic expression in light/dark, with out-of-phase temperature cycles, and by RNAi mediated knockdown of nocte, an important gene for Drosophila circadian synchronization by temperature cycles. Thus, timeless and nocte are important genes for synchronization by temperature cycles in Aedes aegypti. To reinforce our findings, we simulated in the laboratory the gradual temperature fluctuations that were as close as possible to daily temperature variations in Brazil. We observed that the activity and the expression of the molecular circadian clock of Ae. aegypti differs significantly from that of mosquitoes subjected to constant or rectangular abrupt changes in temperature. We suggest that for understanding the circadian behavior of Aedes with possible implications for intervention strategies, the seminatural paradigm needs to replace the traditional laboratory study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayane Teles-de-Freitas
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo B S Rivas
- Department of Biology, Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Alexandre A Peixoto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM)/CNPq, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Vieira Bruno
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM)/CNPq, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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23
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Genome-wide circadian regulation: A unique system for computational biology. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:1914-1924. [PMID: 32774786 PMCID: PMC7385043 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are 24-hour oscillations affecting an organism at multiple levels from gene expression all the way to tissues and organs. They have been observed in organisms across the kingdom of life, spanning from cyanobacteria to humans. In mammals, the master circadian pacemaker is located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) in the brain where it synchronizes the peripheral oscillators that exist in other tissues. This system regulates the circadian activity of a large part of the transcriptome and recent findings indicate that almost every cell in the body has this clock at the molecular level. In this review, we briefly summarize the different factors that can influence the circadian transcriptome, including light, temperature, and food intake. We then summarize recently identified general principles governing genome-scale circadian regulation, as well as future lines of research. Genome-scale circadian activity represents a fascinating study model for computational biology. For this purpose, systems biology methods are promising exploratory tools to decode the global regulatory principles of circadian regulation.
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Key Words
- ABSR, Autoregressive Bayesian spectral regression
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- AR, Arrhythmic feeding
- ARSER, Harmonic regression based on autoregressive spectral estimation
- BMAL1, The aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like (ARNTL)
- CCD, Cortical collecting duct
- CR, Calorie-restricted diet
- CRY, Cryptochrome
- Circadian regulatory network
- Circadian rhythms
- Circadian transcriptome
- Cycling genes
- DCT/CNT, Distal convoluted tubule and connecting tubule
- DD, Dark: dark
- Energetic cost
- HF, High fat diet
- JTK_CYCLE, Jonckheere-Terpstra-Kendall (JTK) cycle
- KD, Ketogenic diet
- LB, Ad libitum
- LD, Light:dark
- LS, Lomb-Scargle
- Liver-RE, Liver clock reconstituted BMAL1-deficient mice
- NAD, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides
- ND, Normal diet
- NR, Night-restricted feeding
- PAS, PER-ARNT-SIM
- PER, Period
- RAIN, Rhythmicity Analysis Incorporating Nonparametric methods
- RF, Restricted feeding
- SCN, Suprachiasmatic nucleus
- SREBP, The sterol regulatory element binding protein
- TTFL, Transcriptional-translational feedback loop
- WT, Wild type
- eJTK_CYCLE, Empirical JTK_CYCLE
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24
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Breda C, Rosato E, Kyriacou CP. Norpa Signalling and the Seasonal Circadian Locomotor Phenotype in Drosophila. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9060130. [PMID: 32560221 PMCID: PMC7345481 DOI: 10.3390/biology9060130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we review the role of the norpA-encoded phospholipase C in light and thermal entrainment of the circadian clock in Drosophila melanogaster. We extend our discussion to the role of norpA in the thermo-sensitive splicing of the per 3′ UTR, which has significant implications for seasonal adaptations of circadian behaviour. We use the norpA mutant-generated enhancement of per splicing and the corresponding advance that it produces in the morning (M) and evening (E) locomotor component to dissect out the neurons that are contributing to this norpA phenotype using GAL4/UAS. We initially confirmed, by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridisation in adult brains, that norpA expression is mostly concentrated in the eyes, but we were unable to unequivocally reveal norpA expression in the canonical clock cells using these methods. In larval brains, we did see some evidence for co-expression of NORPA with PDF in clock neurons. Nevertheless, downregulation of norpA in clock neurons did generate behavioural advances in adults, with the eyes playing a significant role in the norpA seasonal phenotype at high temperatures, whereas the more dorsally located CRYPTOCHROME-positive clock neurons are the likely candidates for generating the norpA behavioural effects in the cold. We further show that knockdown of the related plc21C encoded phospholipase in clock neurons does not alter per splicing nor generate any of the behavioural advances seen with norpA. Our results with downregulating norpA and plc21C implicate the rhodopsins Rh2/Rh3/Rh4 in the eyes as mediating per 3′ UTR splicing at higher temperatures and indicate that the CRY-positive LNds, also known as ‘evening’ cells are likely mediating the low-temperature seasonal effects on behaviour via altering per 3′UTR splicing.
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Kaniewska MM, Vaněčková H, Doležel D, Kotwica-Rolinska J. Light and Temperature Synchronizes Locomotor Activity in the Linden Bug, Pyrrhocoris apterus. Front Physiol 2020; 11:242. [PMID: 32300305 PMCID: PMC7142227 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks are synchronized with the external environment by light and temperature. The effect of these cues on behavior is well-characterized in Drosophila, however, little is known about synchronization in non-model insect species. Therefore, we explored entrainment of locomotor activity by light and temperature in the linden bug Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera), an insect species with a strong seasonal response (reproductive diapause), which is triggered by both photoperiod and thermoperiod. Our results show that either light or temperature cycles are strong factors entraining P. apterus locomotor activity. Pyrrhocoris is able to be partially synchronized by cycles with temperature amplitude as small as 3°C and more than 50% of bugs is synchronized by 5°C steps. If conflicting zeitgebers are provided, light is the stronger signal. Linden bugs lack light-sensitive (Drosophila-like) cryptochrome. Notably, a high percentage of bugs is rhythmic even in constant light (LL) at intensity ∼400 lux, a condition which induces 100% arrhythmicity in Drosophila. However, the rhythmicity of bugs is still reduced in LL conditions, whereas rhythmicity remains unaffected in constant dark (DD). Interestingly, a similar phenomenon is observed after temperature cycles entrainment. Bugs released to constant thermophase and DD display weak rhythmicity, whereas strong rhythmicity is observed in bugs released to constant cryophase and DD. Our study describes the daily and circadian behavior of the linden bug as a response to photoperiodic and thermoperiodic entraining cues. Although the molecular mechanism of the circadian clock entrainment in the linden bug is virtually unknown, our study contributes to the knowledge of the insect circadian clock features beyond Drosophila research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Maria Kaniewska
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czechia.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Hana Vaněčková
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - David Doležel
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czechia.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Joanna Kotwica-Rolinska
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czechia
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26
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Li BJ, Zhu ZX, Qin H, Meng ZN, Lin HR, Xia JH. Genome-Wide Characterization of Alternative Splicing Events and Their Responses to Cold Stress in Tilapia. Front Genet 2020; 11:244. [PMID: 32256528 PMCID: PMC7093569 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is an important post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism for cells to generate transcript variability and proteome diversity. No systematic investigation of AS events among different tissues in response to stressors is available for tilapia currently. In this study, AS among different tissues was identified and the cold stress-related AS events were explored in a Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) line based on 42 RNA-seq datasets using a bioinformatics pipeline. 14,796 (82.76%; SD = 2,840) of the expression genes showed AS events. The two most abundant AS types were alternative transcription start site (TSS) and terminal site (TTS) in tilapia. Testis, brain and kidney possess the most abundant AS gene number, while the blood, muscle and liver possess the least number in each tissue. Furthermore, 208 differentially alternative splicing (DAS) genes in heart and 483 DAS in brain in response to cold stress. The number of AS types for alternative exon end, exon skipping and retention of single intron increased significantly under cold stress. GO enrichment and pathway overrepresentation analysis indicated that many DAS genes, e.g., genes in circadian clock pathway, may influence expression of downstream genes under cold stress. Our study revealed that AS exists extensively in tilapia and plays an important role in cold adaption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jun Hong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Laloum D, Robinson-Rechavi M. Methods detecting rhythmic gene expression are biologically relevant only for strong signal. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007666. [PMID: 32182235 PMCID: PMC7100990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The nycthemeral transcriptome embodies all genes displaying a rhythmic variation of their mRNAs periodically every 24 hours, including but not restricted to circadian genes. In this study, we show that the nycthemeral rhythmicity at the gene expression level is biologically functional and that this functionality is more conserved between orthologous genes than between random genes. We used this conservation of the rhythmic expression to assess the ability of seven methods (ARSER, Lomb Scargle, RAIN, JTK, empirical-JTK, GeneCycle, and meta2d) to detect rhythmic signal in gene expression. We have contrasted them to a naive method, not based on rhythmic parameters. By taking into account the tissue-specificity of rhythmic gene expression and different species comparisons, we show that no method is strongly favored. The results show that these methods designed for rhythm detection, in addition to having quite similar performances, are consistent only among genes with a strong rhythm signal. Rhythmic genes defined with a standard p-value threshold of 0.01 for instance, could include genes whose rhythmicity is biologically irrelevant. Although these results were dependent on the datasets used and the evolutionary distance between the species compared, we call for caution about the results of studies reporting or using large sets of rhythmic genes. Furthermore, given the analysis of the behaviors of the methods on real and randomized data, we recommend using primarily ARS, empJTK, or GeneCycle, which verify expectations of a classical distribution of p-values. Experimental design should also take into account the circumstances under which the methods seem more efficient, such as giving priority to biological replicates over the number of time-points, or to the number of time-points over the quality of the technique (microarray vs RNAseq). GeneCycle, and to a lesser extent empirical-JTK, might be the most robust method when applied to weakly informative datasets. Finally, our analyzes suggest that rhythmic genes are mainly highly expressed genes. To be active, genes have to be transcribed to RNA. For some genes, the transcription rate follows a circadian rhythm with a periodicity of approximately 24 hours; we call these genes “rhythmic”. In this study, we compared methods designed to detect rhythmic genes in gene expression data. The data are measures of the number of RNA molecules for each gene, given at several time-points, usually spaced 2 to 4 hours, over one or several periods of 24 hours. There are many such methods, but it is not known which ones work best to detect genes whose rhythmic expression is biologically functional. We compared these methods using a reference group of evolutionarily conserved rhythmic genes. We compared data from baboon, mouse, rat, zebrafish, fly, and mosquitoes. Surprisingly, no method was particularly effective. Furthermore, we found that only very strong rhythmic signals were relevant with each method. More precisely, when we use a usual cut-off to define rhythmic genes, the group of genes considered as rhythmic contains many genes whose rhythmicity cannot be confirmed to be biologically relevant. We also show that rhythmic genes mainly contain highly expressed genes. Finally, based on our results, we provide recommendations on which methods to use and how, and suggestions for future experimental designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Laloum
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Batiment Biophore, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Batiment Génopode, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc Robinson-Rechavi
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Batiment Biophore, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Batiment Génopode, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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28
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Damulewicz M, Mazzotta GM. One Actor, Multiple Roles: The Performances of Cryptochrome in Drosophila. Front Physiol 2020; 11:99. [PMID: 32194430 PMCID: PMC7066326 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptochromes (CRYs) are flavoproteins that are sensitive to blue light, first identified in Arabidopsis and then in Drosophila and mice. They are evolutionarily conserved and play fundamental roles in the circadian clock of living organisms, enabling them to adapt to the daily 24-h cycles. The role of CRYs in circadian clocks differs among different species: in plants, they have a blue light-sensing activity whereas in mammals they act as light-independent transcriptional repressors within the circadian clock. These two different functions are accomplished by two principal types of CRYs, the light-sensitive plant/insect type 1 CRY and the mammalian type 2 CRY acting as a negative autoregulator in the molecular circadian clockwork. Drosophila melanogaster possesses just one CRY, belonging to type 1 CRYs. Nevertheless, this single CRY appears to have different functions, specific to different organs, tissues, and even subset of cells in which it is expressed. In this review, we will dissect the multiple roles of this single CRY in Drosophila, focusing on the regulatory mechanisms that make its pleiotropy possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Damulewicz
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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29
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Singh S, Giesecke A, Damulewicz M, Fexova S, Mazzotta GM, Stanewsky R, Dolezel D. New Drosophila Circadian Clock Mutants Affecting Temperature Compensation Induced by Targeted Mutagenesis of Timeless. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1442. [PMID: 31849700 PMCID: PMC6901700 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster has served as an excellent genetic model to decipher the molecular basis of the circadian clock. Two key proteins, PERIOD (PER) and TIMELESS (TIM), are particularly well explored and a number of various arrhythmic, slow, and fast clock mutants have been identified in classical genetic screens. Interestingly, the free running period (tau, τ) is influenced by temperature in some of these mutants, whereas τ is temperature-independent in other mutant lines as in wild-type flies. This, so-called "temperature compensation" ability is compromised in the mutant timeless allele "ritsu" (tim rit ), and, as we show here, also in the tim blind allele, mapping to the same region of TIM. To test if this region of TIM is indeed important for temperature compensation, we generated a collection of new mutants and mapped functional protein domains involved in the regulation of τ and in general clock function. We developed a protocol for targeted mutagenesis of specific gene regions utilizing the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, followed by behavioral screening. In this pilot study, we identified 20 new timeless mutant alleles with various impairments of temperature compensation. Molecular characterization revealed that the mutations included short in-frame insertions, deletions, or substitutions of a few amino acids resulting from the non-homologous end joining repair process. Our protocol is a fast and cost-efficient systematic approach for functional analysis of protein-coding genes and promoter analysis in vivo. Interestingly, several mutations with a strong temperature compensation defect map to one specific region of TIM. Although the exact mechanism of how these mutations affect TIM function is as yet unknown, our in silico analysis suggests they affect a putative nuclear export signal (NES) and phosphorylation sites of TIM. Immunostaining for PER was performed on two TIM mutants that display longer τ at 25°C and complete arrhythmicity at 28°C. Consistently with the behavioral phenotype, PER immunoreactivity was reduced in circadian clock neurons of flies exposed to elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarjeet Singh
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Astrid Giesecke
- Institute of Neuro- and Behavioral Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany
| | - Milena Damulewicz
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czechia
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Silvie Fexova
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Gabriella M. Mazzotta
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czechia
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ralf Stanewsky
- Institute of Neuro- and Behavioral Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany
| | - David Dolezel
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czechia
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30
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Abstract
Circadian clocks drive daily rhythms of physiology and behavior in multiple organisms and synchronize these rhythms to environmental cycles of light and temperature. The basic mechanism of the clock consists of a transcription-translation feedback loop, in which key clock proteins negatively regulate their own transcription. Although much of the focus with respect to clock mechanisms has been on the regulation of transcription and on the stability and activity of clock proteins, it is clear that other regulatory processes also have to be involved to explain aspects of clock function. Here, we review the role of alternative splicing in circadian clocks. Starting with a discussion of the Drosophila clock and then extending to other major circadian model systems, we describe how the control of alternative splicing enables organisms to maintain their circadian clocks as well as to respond to environmental inputs, in particular to temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Shakhmantsir
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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31
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Foley LE, Ling J, Joshi R, Evantal N, Kadener S, Emery P. Drosophila PSI controls circadian period and the phase of circadian behavior under temperature cycle via tim splicing. eLife 2019; 8:50063. [PMID: 31702555 PMCID: PMC6890465 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila circadian pacemaker consists of transcriptional feedback loops subjected to post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation. While post-translational regulatory mechanisms have been studied in detail, much less is known about circadian post-transcriptional control. Thus, we targeted 364 RNA binding and RNA associated proteins with RNA interference. Among the 43 hits we identified was the alternative splicing regulator P-element somatic inhibitor (PSI). PSI regulates the thermosensitive alternative splicing of timeless (tim), promoting splicing events favored at warm temperature over those increased at cold temperature. Psi downregulation shortens the period of circadian rhythms and advances the phase of circadian behavior under temperature cycle. Interestingly, both phenotypes were suppressed in flies that could produce TIM proteins only from a transgene that cannot form the thermosensitive splicing isoforms. Therefore, we conclude that PSI regulates the period of Drosophila circadian rhythms and circadian behavior phase during temperature cycling through its modulation of the tim splicing pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Foley
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Jinli Ling
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Radhika Joshi
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | | | - Sebastian Kadener
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Brandeis University, Waltham, United States
| | - Patrick Emery
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
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32
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Martin Anduaga A, Evantal N, Patop IL, Bartok O, Weiss R, Kadener S. Thermosensitive alternative splicing senses and mediates temperature adaptation in Drosophila. eLife 2019; 8:44642. [PMID: 31702556 PMCID: PMC6890466 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are generated by the cyclic transcription, translation, and degradation of clock gene products, including timeless (tim), but how the circadian clock senses and adapts to temperature changes is not completely understood. Here, we show that temperature dramatically changes the splicing pattern of tim in Drosophila. We found that at 18°C, TIM levels are low because of the induction of two cold-specific isoforms: tim-cold and tim-short and cold. At 29°C, another isoform, tim-medium, is upregulated. Isoform switching regulates the levels and activity of TIM as each isoform has a specific function. We found that tim-short and cold encodes a protein that rescues the behavioral defects of tim01 mutants, and that flies in which tim-short and cold is abrogated have abnormal locomotor activity. In addition, miRNA-mediated control limits the expression of some of these isoforms. Finally, data that we obtained using minigenes suggest that tim alternative splicing might act as a thermometer for the circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naveh Evantal
- Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Osnat Bartok
- Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ron Weiss
- Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sebastian Kadener
- Biology Department, Brandeis University, Waltham, United States.,Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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33
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Stroppa MM, García BA. Clock Gene Timeless in the Chagas Disease Vector Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019; 101:1369-1372. [PMID: 31595862 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
To contribute to a better understanding of the molecular basis of the circadian biological rhythms in Chagas disease vectors, in this work we identified functional domains in the sequences of the clock protein TIMELESS (TIM) in Rhodnius prolixus and analyzed the expression of the timeless (tim) gene at the mRNA level in Triatoma infestans. The tim gene expression in nervous tissue of adult T. infestans revealed clear oscillations in the abundance of the transcript in both sexes in the group maintained under photoperiod with a daily canonical rhythm, showing a significant increase in expression at sunset. As expected, in the group maintained in constant light, no daily increase was detected in the tim transcript level.
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Affiliation(s)
- María M Stroppa
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET and Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Beatriz A García
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET and Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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34
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Kannan NN, Tomiyama Y, Nose M, Tokuoka A, Tomioka K. Temperature Entrainment of Circadian Locomotor and Transcriptional Rhythms in the Cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus. Zoolog Sci 2019; 36:95-104. [PMID: 31120643 DOI: 10.2108/zs180148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Most animals exhibit circadian rhythms in various physiological and behavioral functions regulated by circadian clock that resides in brain and in many peripheral tissues. Temperature cycle is an important time cue for entrainment, even in mammals, since the daily change in body temperature is thought to be used for phase regulation of clocks in peripheral tissues. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which temperature resets the clock. In the present study, we investigated the effect of temperature on circadian activity rhythm and clock gene transcription by using the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus. We show that temperature cycle can entrain both behavioral and transcriptional rhythms of clock genes, such as period, timeless, cryptochrome2 and cycle in the circadian pacemaker tissue, optic lobe. Under temperature cycle, phase of evening peak of locomotor activity occurred 1 h before the warm-to-cold phase transition, which is associated with earlier peaks of mRNA expression rhythm of the clock genes than that under light/dark cycles. When the temperature cycle was advanced by 6 h, behavioral rhythms re-entrained to newly phased temperature cycle after ∼16 transient cycles. The mRNA oscillation of period and timeless gained stable rhythm under phase advanced temperature cycles with a lesser number of transient cycles than cryptochrome2 and cycle. These results suggest that temperature cycle can entrain behavioral and molecular rhythms in cricket and clock genes vary in sensitivity to temperature. It is thus likely that clock genes play differential roles in resetting the clock with environmental temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha N Kannan
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan,
| | - Yasuaki Tomiyama
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Motoki Nose
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tokuoka
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kenji Tomioka
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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35
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Yan S, Liu YJ, Zhu JL, Cui WN, Zhang XF, Yang YH, Liu XM, Zhang QW, Liu XX. Daily expression of two circadian clock genes in compound eyes of Helicoverpa armigera: evidence for peripheral tissue circadian timing. INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 26:217-228. [PMID: 28940754 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clock genes in peripheral tissues usually play an important role in regulating the circadian rhythms. Light is the most important environmental signal for synchronizing endogenous rhythms with the daily light-dark cycle, and compound eyes are known as the principal circadian photoreceptor for photic entrainment in most moths. However, there is little evidence for circadian timing in compound eyes. In the current study, we isolated the timeless gene, designated Ha-tim (GenBank accession number: KM233162), from the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera. Ha-tim and period (Ha-per) showed low messenger RNA levels in the compound eyes compared to the other tested adult organs. Ha-tim and Ha-per transcript levels were dependent on an endogenous rhythm that fluctuated over a daily cycle in the compound eyes and heads. The cycles of Ha-tim and Ha-per transcript levels followed similar time courses, and identical expression patterns of the two genes were observed in the compound eyes and heads. Ha-tim and Ha-per were down-regulated in the compound eyes after light exposure, copulation and starvation. These results indicated that Ha-tim and Ha-per transcript levels were regulated by endogenous and exogenous factors. Our study helped to improve our understanding of the circadian clock machinery in compound eyes and other peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yan
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Lin Zhu
- Beijing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Na Cui
- Zoucheng Plant Protection Station, Zoucheng, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin-Fang Zhang
- Changli Institute of Pomology, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Changli, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yu-Hui Yang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Liu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Wen Zhang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Liu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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36
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Cusumano P, Damulewicz M, Carbognin E, Caccin L, Puricella A, Specchia V, Bozzetti MP, Costa R, Mazzotta GM. The RNA Helicase BELLE Is Involved in Circadian Rhythmicity and in Transposons Regulation in Drosophila melanogaster. Front Physiol 2019; 10:133. [PMID: 30842743 PMCID: PMC6392097 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks control and synchronize biological rhythms of several behavioral and physiological phenomena in most, if not all, organisms. Rhythm generation relies on molecular auto-regulatory oscillations of interlocked transcriptional-translational feedback loops. Rhythmic clock-gene expression is at the base of rhythmic protein accumulation, though post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms have evolved to adjust and consolidate the proper pace of the clock. In Drosophila, BELLE, a conserved DEAD-box RNA helicase playing important roles in reproductive capacity, is involved in the small RNA-mediated regulation associated to the piRNA pathway. Here, we report that BELLE is implicated in the circadian rhythmicity and in the regulation of endogenous transposable elements (TEs) in both nervous system and gonads. We suggest that BELLE acts as important element in the piRNA-mediated regulation of the TEs and raise the hypothesis that this specific regulation could represent another level of post-transcriptional control adopted by the clock to ensure the proper rhythmicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cusumano
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Milena Damulewicz
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Laura Caccin
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonietta Puricella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Valeria Specchia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Bozzetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Costa
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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37
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Plantamp C, Henri H, Andrieux T, Regis C, Mialdea G, Dray S, Gibert P, Desouhant E. Phenotypic plasticity in the invasive pest Drosophila suzukii: activity rhythms and gene expression in response to temperature. J Exp Biol 2019; 222:jeb.199398. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.199398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity may contribute to the invasive success of an alien species in a new environment. A higher plastic species may survive and reproduce in more diverse environments, thereby supporting establishment and colonization. We focused on plasticity in the circadian rhythm of activity, which can favour species coexistence in invasion, for the invasive species Drosophila suzukii, which is expected to be a weaker direct competitor than other Drosophila species of the resident community. We compared between the invasive D. suzukii and the resident D. melanogaster the circadian rhythms of the locomotor activity in adults and the expression of clock genes in response to temperature. We showed that D. suzukii is active in a narrower range of temperatures than D. melanogaster and that the activities of both species overlap during the day, regardless of the temperature. Both species are diurnal and exhibit rhythmic activity at dawn and dusk, with a much lower activity at dawn for D. suzukii females. Our results showed that the timeless and clock genes are good candidates to explain the plastic response that is observed in relation to temperature. Overall, our results suggest that thermal phenotypic plasticity in D. suzukii activity is not sufficient to explain the invasive success of D. suzukii and calls for testing other hypotheses, such as the release of competitors and/or predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Plantamp
- Université de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, INRIA, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - H. Henri
- Université de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, INRIA, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - T. Andrieux
- Université de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, INRIA, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - C. Regis
- Université de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, INRIA, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - G. Mialdea
- Université de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, INRIA, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - S. Dray
- Université de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, INRIA, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - P. Gibert
- Université de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, INRIA, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - E. Desouhant
- Université de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, INRIA, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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38
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Shakhmantsir I, Nayak S, Grant GR, Sehgal A. Spliceosome factors target timeless ( tim) mRNA to control clock protein accumulation and circadian behavior in Drosophila. eLife 2018; 7:39821. [PMID: 30516472 PMCID: PMC6281371 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription-translation feedback loops that comprise eukaryotic circadian clocks rely upon temporal delays that separate the phase of active transcription of clock genes, such as Drosophila period (per) and timeless (tim), from negative feedback by the two proteins. However, our understanding of the mechanisms involved is incomplete. Through an RNA interference screen, we found that pre-mRNA processing 4 (PRP4) kinase, a component of the U4/U5.U6 triple small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (tri-snRNP) spliceosome, and other tri-snRNP components regulate cycling of the molecular clock as well as rest:activity rhythms. Unbiased RNA-Sequencing uncovered an alternatively spliced intron in tim whose increased retention upon prp4 downregulation leads to decreased TIM levels. We demonstrate that the splicing of tim is rhythmic with a phase that parallels delayed accumulation of the protein in a 24 hr cycle. We propose that alternative splicing constitutes an important clock mechanism for delaying the daily accumulation of clock proteins, and thereby negative feedback by them. Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Shakhmantsir
- Chronobiology Program at Penn, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Soumyashant Nayak
- The Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Gregory R Grant
- The Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Chronobiology Program at Penn, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States.,The Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
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39
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Top D, Young MW. Coordination between Differentially Regulated Circadian Clocks Generates Rhythmic Behavior. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:a033589. [PMID: 28893860 PMCID: PMC6028074 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a033589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Specialized groups of neurons in the brain are key mediators of circadian rhythms, receiving daily environmental cues and communicating those signals to other tissues in the organism for entrainment and to organize circadian physiology. In Drosophila, the "circadian clock" is housed in seven neuronal clusters, which are defined by their expression of the main circadian proteins, Period, Timeless, Clock, and Cycle. These clusters are distributed across the fly brain and are thereby subject to the respective environments associated with their anatomical locations. While these core components are universally expressed in all neurons of the circadian network, additional regulatory proteins that act on these components are differentially expressed, giving rise to "local clocks" within the network that nonetheless converge to regulate coherent behavioral rhythms. In this review, we describe the communication between the neurons of the circadian network and the molecular differences within neurons of this network. We focus on differences in protein-expression patterns and discuss how such variation can impart functional differences in each local clock. Finally, we summarize our current understanding of how communication within the circadian network intersects with intracellular biochemical mechanisms to ultimately specify behavioral rhythms. We propose that additional efforts are required to identify regulatory mechanisms within each neuronal cluster to understand the molecular basis of circadian behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Top
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065
| | - Michael W Young
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065
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40
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Preußner M, Heyd F. Temperature‐controlled Rhythmic Gene Expression in Endothermic Mammals: All Diurnal Rhythms are Equal, but Some are Circadian. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1700216. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Preußner
- Laboratory of RNA BiochemistryInstitute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 6Berlin14195Germany
| | - Florian Heyd
- Laboratory of RNA BiochemistryInstitute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 6Berlin14195Germany
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41
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Li CJ, Yun XP, Yu XJ, Li B. Functional analysis of the circadian clock gene timeless in Tribolium castaneum. INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 25:418-428. [PMID: 28101904 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are endogenous oscillations with a period of about 24 h driven by a circadian clock. So far, variable oscillators have been found in insects. To explore the circadian clock of Tribolium castaneum, we cloned the clock gene timeless (Tctimeless). Its open reading frame is 3240 bp in length and consists of 10 exons. Tctimeless is highly expressed in the late pupal stage. Tissue-specific expression analysis in late adult stages revealed high expression of Tctimeless in the head, epidermis, fat body and accessory glands. Silencing of Tctimeless by RNA interference (RNAi) at the late larval stages caused a failure to initiate eclosion. Tctimeless knockdown in late pupal stages led to a gender-independent decline in egg production and progeny survival. As a core clock gene, Tctimeless exhibited one expression peak in the middle of the circadian day. Knockdown of Tctimeless disrupted daily expression patterns of Tccycle, Tcclock, Tcperiod and itself, while Tctimeless and Tcperiod expression patterns over the circadian day were also perturbed when Tccycle or Tcclock is suppressed by RNAi. This study identified a complex transcriptional relationship among circadian clock genes in T. castaneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Pei Yun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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42
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Rivas GBS, Teles-de-Freitas R, Pavan MG, Lima JBP, Peixoto AA, Bruno RV. Effects of Light and Temperature on Daily Activity and Clock Gene Expression in Two Mosquito Disease Vectors. J Biol Rhythms 2018; 33:272-288. [DOI: 10.1177/0748730418772175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo B. S. Rivas
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Rayane Teles-de-Freitas
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz – Fiocruz & Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcio G. Pavan
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José B. P. Lima
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz – Fiocruz & Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM)/CNPq, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A. Peixoto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM)/CNPq, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Vieira Bruno
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM)/CNPq, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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43
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Chen C, Xu M, Anantaprakorn Y, Rosing M, Stanewsky R. nocte Is Required for Integrating Light and Temperature Inputs in Circadian Clock Neurons of Drosophila. Curr Biol 2018; 28:1595-1605.e3. [PMID: 29754901 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clocks organize biological processes to occur at optimized times of day and thereby contribute to overall fitness. While the regular daily changes of environmental light and temperature synchronize circadian clocks, extreme external conditions can bypass the temporal constraints dictated by the clock. Despite advanced knowledge about how the daily light-dark changes synchronize the clock, relatively little is known with regard to how the daily temperature changes influence daily timing and how temperature and light signals are integrated. In Drosophila, a network of ∼150 brain clock neurons exhibit 24-hr oscillations of clock gene expression to regulate daily activity and sleep. We show here that a temperature input pathway from peripheral sensory organs, which depends on the gene nocte, targets specific subsets of these clock neurons to synchronize molecular and behavioral rhythms to temperature cycles. Strikingly, while nocte1 mutant flies synchronize normally to light-dark cycles at constant temperatures, the combined presence of light-dark and temperature cycles inhibits synchronization. nocte1 flies exhibit altered siesta sleep, suggesting that the sleep-regulating clock neurons are an important target for nocte-dependent temperature input, which dominates a parallel light input into these cells. In conclusion, we reveal a nocte-dependent temperature input pathway to central clock neurons and show that this pathway and its target neurons are important for the integration of sensory light and temperature information in order to temporally regulate activity and sleep during daily light and temperature cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK; Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK; Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Yuto Anantaprakorn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mechthild Rosing
- Institute for Neuro- and Behavioral Biology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf Stanewsky
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK; Institute for Neuro- and Behavioral Biology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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44
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Photosensitive Alternative Splicing of the Circadian Clock Gene timeless Is Population Specific in a Cold-Adapted Fly, Drosophila montana. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:1291-1297. [PMID: 29472309 PMCID: PMC5873918 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To function properly, organisms must adjust their physiology, behavior and metabolism in response to a suite of varying environmental conditions. One of the central regulators of these changes is organisms’ internal circadian clock, and recent evidence has suggested that the clock genes are also important in the regulation of seasonal adjustments. In particular, thermosensitive splicing of the core clock gene timeless in a cosmopolitan fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has implicated this gene to be involved in thermal adaptation. To further investigate this link we examined the splicing of timeless in a northern malt fly species, Drosophila montana, which can withstand much colder climatic conditions than its southern relative. We studied northern and southern populations from two different continents (North America and Europe) to find out whether and how the splicing of this gene varies in response to different temperatures and day lengths. Interestingly, we found that the expression of timeless splice variants was sensitive to differences in light conditions, and while the flies of all study populations showed a change in the usage of splice variants in constant light compared to LD 22:2, the direction of the shift varied between populations. Overall, our findings suggest that the splicing of timeless in northern Drosophila montana flies is photosensitive, rather than thermosensitive and highlights the value of studying multiple species and populations in order to gain perspective on the generality of gene function changes in different kinds of environmental conditions.
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45
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Mennetrier L, Lopez T, Pruvot B, Yousfi N, Armant O, Hazhaz H, Lhuissiez V, Garrido C, Chluba J. zHSF1 modulates zper2 expression in zebrafish embryos. Chronobiol Int 2018; 35:1008-1015. [PMID: 29509048 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1441855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
HSF1 is a transcription factor that plays a key role in circadian resetting by temperature. We have used zebrafish embryos to decipher the roles of zHsf1, heat and light on zper2 transcription in vivo. Our results show that heat shock (HS) stimulated zper2 expression in the dark but has no cumulative effect combined with light. After light exposition, zper2 expression was 2.7 fold increased threefold in the hsf1-morphants in comparison to control embryos. Our results show that zHsf1 plays a positive role in HS-driven expression of zper2 in the dark but seems to act as an attenuator in the presence light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Mennetrier
- a UFR SVTE - UFR Sciences de la Vie, de la Terre et de l'Environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon , France
| | - Tatiana Lopez
- a UFR SVTE - UFR Sciences de la Vie, de la Terre et de l'Environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon , France.,b UMR 1231 INSERM LNC , Dijon , France.,c UFR des Sciences de Santé , Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon , France
| | | | - Nadhir Yousfi
- a UFR SVTE - UFR Sciences de la Vie, de la Terre et de l'Environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon , France
| | - Olivier Armant
- d Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN) , PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO , Cadarache , Saint-Paul-lez-Durance , France
| | - Hanae Hazhaz
- a UFR SVTE - UFR Sciences de la Vie, de la Terre et de l'Environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon , France
| | - Vincent Lhuissiez
- a UFR SVTE - UFR Sciences de la Vie, de la Terre et de l'Environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon , France
| | - Carmen Garrido
- b UMR 1231 INSERM LNC , Dijon , France.,c UFR des Sciences de Santé , Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon , France
| | - Johanna Chluba
- a UFR SVTE - UFR Sciences de la Vie, de la Terre et de l'Environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon , France.,b UMR 1231 INSERM LNC , Dijon , France
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Stroppa MM, Gimenez I, García BA. Clock Gene Period in the Chagas Disease Vector Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 98:468-474. [PMID: 29260645 PMCID: PMC5929179 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
To contribute to a better understanding of the molecular bases of the circadian biological rhythms in Chagas disease vectors, in this work we identified functional domains in the sequences of the clock protein PERIOD (PER) in Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma infestans and analyzed the expression of the PER gene at mRNA level in T. infestans. The PER protein sequences comparison among these species and those from other insects revealed that the most similar regions are the PAS domains and the most variable is the COOH-terminal. On the other hand, the per gene expression in nervous tissue of adult T. infestans varies with a daily canonical rhythm in groups of individuals maintained under photoperiod (light/dark, LD) and constant dark (DD), showing a significant peak of expression at sunset. The pattern of expression detected in LD persists under the DD condition. As expected, in the group maintained in constant light (LL), no daily increase was detected in per transcript level. Besides, the presence of per transcript in different tissues of adult individuals and in nervous tissue of nymphs evidenced activity of peripheral clocks in adults and activity of the central clock in nymphs of T. infestans.
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Affiliation(s)
- María M. Stroppa
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET and Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Gimenez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET and Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Beatriz A. García
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET and Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Sensory Conflict Disrupts Activity of the Drosophila Circadian Network. Cell Rep 2017; 17:1711-1718. [PMID: 27829142 PMCID: PMC5120367 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodic changes in light and temperature synchronize the Drosophila circadian clock, but the question of how the fly brain integrates these two input pathways to set circadian time remains unanswered. We explore multisensory cue combination by testing the resilience of the circadian network to conflicting environmental inputs. We show that misaligned light and temperature cycles can lead to dramatic changes in the daily locomotor activities of wild-type flies during and after exposure to sensory conflict. This altered behavior is associated with a drastic reduction in the amplitude of PERIOD (PER) oscillations in brain clock neurons and desynchronization between light- and temperature-sensitive neuronal subgroups. The behavioral disruption depends heavily on the phase relationship between light and temperature signals. Our results represent a systematic quantification of multisensory integration in the Drosophila circadian system and lend further support to the view of the clock as a network of coupled oscillatory subunits. Conflicting light and temperature cycles lead to abnormal, plateau-like locomotor behavior Plateau-like behavior is accompanied by a collapse of the molecular circadian clock Temperature cues dominate during small light and temperature misalignments Light cues dominate during large light and temperature misalignments
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Afik S, Bartok O, Artyomov MN, Shishkin AA, Kadri S, Hanan M, Zhu X, Garber M, Kadener S. Defining the 5΄ and 3΄ landscape of the Drosophila transcriptome with Exo-seq and RNaseH-seq. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:e95. [PMID: 28335028 PMCID: PMC5499799 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells regulate biological responses in part through changes in transcription start sites (TSS) or cleavage and polyadenylation sites (PAS). To fully understand gene regulatory networks, it is therefore critical to accurately annotate cell type-specific TSS and PAS. Here we present a simple and straightforward approach for genome-wide annotation of 5΄- and 3΄-RNA ends. Our approach reliably discerns bona fide PAS from false PAS that arise due to internal poly(A) tracts, a common problem with current PAS annotation methods. We applied our methodology to study the impact of temperature on the Drosophila melanogaster head transcriptome. We found hundreds of previously unidentified TSS and PAS which revealed two interesting phenomena: first, genes with multiple PASs tend to harbor a motif near the most proximal PAS, which likely represents a new cleavage and polyadenylation signal. Second, motif analysis of promoters of genes affected by temperature suggested that boundary element association factor of 32 kDa (BEAF-32) and DREF mediates a transcriptional program at warm temperatures, a result we validated in a fly line where beaf-32 is downregulated. These results demonstrate the utility of a high-throughput platform for complete experimental and computational analysis of mRNA-ends to improve gene annotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaked Afik
- Biological Chemistry Department, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Osnat Bartok
- Biological Chemistry Department, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alexander A Shishkin
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Sabah Kadri
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mor Hanan
- Biological Chemistry Department, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Xiaopeng Zhu
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Manuel Garber
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Sebastian Kadener
- Biological Chemistry Department, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Bazalova O, Dolezel D. Daily Activity of the Housefly, Musca domestica, Is Influenced by Temperature Independent of 3' UTR period Gene Splicing. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2017; 7:2637-2649. [PMID: 28620087 PMCID: PMC5555469 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.042374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clocks orchestrate daily activity patterns and free running periods of locomotor activity under constant conditions. While the first often depends on temperature, the latter is temperature-compensated over a physiologically relevant range. Here, we explored the locomotor activity of the temperate housefly Musca domestica Under low temperatures, activity was centered round a major and broad afternoon peak, while high temperatures resulted in activity throughout the photophase with a mild midday depression, which was especially pronounced in males exposed to long photoperiods. While period (per) mRNA peaked earlier under low temperatures, no temperature-dependent splicing of the last per 3' end intron was identified. The expression of timeless, vrille, and Par domain protein 1 was also influenced by temperature, each in a different manner. Our data indicated that comparable behavioral trends in daily activity distribution have evolved in Drosophila melanogaster and M. domestica, yet the behaviors of these two species are orchestrated by different molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bazalova
- Biology Center, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - David Dolezel
- Biology Center, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Men J, Jerwick J, Wu P, Chen M, Alex A, Ma Y, Tanzi RE, Li A, Zhou C. Drosophila Preparation and Longitudinal Imaging of Heart Function In Vivo Using Optical Coherence Microscopy (OCM). J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 28060288 DOI: 10.3791/55002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal study of the heartbeat in small animals contributes to understanding structural and functional changes during heart development. Optical coherence microscopy (OCM) has been demonstrated to be capable of imaging small animal hearts with high spatial resolution and ultrahigh imaging speed. The high image contrast and noninvasive properties make OCM ideal for performing longitudinal studies without requiring tissue dissections or staining. Drosophila has been widely used as a model organism in cardiac developmental studies due to its high number of orthologous human disease genes, its similarity of molecular mechanisms and genetic pathways with vertebrates, its short life cycle, and its low culture cost. Here, the experimental protocols are described for the preparation of Drosophila and optical imaging of the heartbeat with a custom OCM system throughout the life cycle of the specimen. By following the steps provided in this report, transverse M-mode and 3D OCM images can be acquired to conduct longitudinal studies of the Drosophila cardiac morphology and function. The en face and axial sectional OCM images and the heart rate (HR) and cardiac activity period (CAP) histograms, were also shown to analyze the heart structural changes and to quantify the heart dynamics during Drosophila metamorphosis, combined with the videos constructed with M-mode images to trace cardiac activity intuitively. Due to the genetic similarity between Drosophila and vertebrates, longitudinal study of heart morphology and dynamics in fruit flies could help reveal the origins of human heart diseases. The protocol here would provide an effective method to perform a wide range of studies to understand the mechanisms of cardiac diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Men
- Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University; Center for Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Lehigh University
| | - Jason Jerwick
- Center for Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Lehigh University; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University
| | - Penghe Wu
- Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University; Center for Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Lehigh University
| | - Mingming Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University; State Key Laboratory of Software Engineering, Wuhan University
| | - Aneesh Alex
- Center for Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Lehigh University; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University
| | - Yutao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Software Engineering, Wuhan University
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Airong Li
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Chao Zhou
- Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University; Center for Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Lehigh University; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University;
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