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Tire B, Talibova G, Ozturk S. The crosstalk between telomeres and DNA repair mechanisms: an overview to mammalian somatic cells, germ cells, and preimplantation embryos. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:277-291. [PMID: 38165506 PMCID: PMC10894803 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-03008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are located at the ends of linear chromosomes and play a critical role in maintaining genomic stability by preventing premature activation of DNA repair mechanisms. Because of exposure to various genotoxic agents, telomeres can undergo shortening and genetic changes. In mammalian cells, the basic DNA repair mechanisms, including base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, double-strand break repair, and mismatch repair, function in repairing potential damages in telomeres. If these damages are not repaired correctly in time, the unfavorable results such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and cancerous transition may occur. During lifespan, mammalian somatic cells, male and female germ cells, and preimplantation embryos experience a number of telomeric damages. Herein, we comprehensively reviewed the crosstalk between telomeres and the DNA repair mechanisms in the somatic cells, germ cells, and embryos. Infertility development resulting from possible defects in this crosstalk is also discussed in the light of existing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Tire
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Campus, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gunel Talibova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Campus, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Saffet Ozturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Campus, 07070, Antalya, Turkey.
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2
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Lirussi L, Nilsen HL. DNA Glycosylases Define the Outcome of Endogenous Base Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10307. [PMID: 37373453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemically modified nucleic acid bases are sources of genomic instability and mutations but may also regulate gene expression as epigenetic or epitranscriptomic modifications. Depending on the cellular context, they can have vastly diverse impacts on cells, from mutagenesis or cytotoxicity to changing cell fate by regulating chromatin organisation and gene expression. Identical chemical modifications exerting different functions pose a challenge for the cell's DNA repair machinery, as it needs to accurately distinguish between epigenetic marks and DNA damage to ensure proper repair and maintenance of (epi)genomic integrity. The specificity and selectivity of the recognition of these modified bases relies on DNA glycosylases, which acts as DNA damage, or more correctly, as modified bases sensors for the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Here, we will illustrate this duality by summarizing the role of uracil-DNA glycosylases, with particular attention to SMUG1, in the regulation of the epigenetic landscape as active regulators of gene expression and chromatin remodelling. We will also describe how epigenetic marks, with a special focus on 5-hydroxymethyluracil, can affect the damage susceptibility of nucleic acids and conversely how DNA damage can induce changes in the epigenetic landscape by altering the pattern of DNA methylation and chromatin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Lirussi
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Loge Nilsen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Unit for Precision Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
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3
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Wu Y, Zhang Y, Jiao J. The relationship between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and telomere: A review on proposed nutritional treatment against metabolic syndrome and potential signaling pathways. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4457-4476. [PMID: 36330807 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2142196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of metabolic abnormalities composed of central obesity, elevated blood pressure, glucose disturbances, hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidaemia, has increasingly become a public health problem in the 21st century worldwide. The dysfunction of telomeres, the repetitive DNA with highly conserved sequences (5'-TTAGGG-3'), is remarkably correlated with organismal aging, even suggesting a causal relationship with metabolic disorders. The health benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in multiple disorders are associated with telomere length in evidence, which have recently drawn wide attention. However, functional targets and pathways for the associations of n-3 PUFAs and telomere with MetS remain scare. Few studies have summarized the role of n-3 PUFAs in DNA damage repair pathways, anti-inflammatory pathways, and redox balance, linking with telomere biology, and other potential telomere-related signaling pathways. This review aims to (i) elucidate how n-3 PUFAs ameliorate telomere attrition in the context of anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation; (ii) unravel the role of n-3 PUFAs in modulating telomere-related neuron dysfunction and regulating the neuro-endocrine-immunological network in MetS; (iii) epidemiologically implicate the associations of metabolic disorders and n-3 PUFAs with telomere length; and (iv) suggest promising biochemical approaches and advancing methodologies to overcome the inter-variation problem helpful for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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4
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Polymorphic variant Asp239Tyr of human DNA glycosylase NTHL1 is inactive for removal of a variety of oxidatively-induced DNA base lesions from genomic DNA. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 117:103372. [PMID: 35870279 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Base excision repair is the major pathway for the repair of oxidatively-induced DNA damage, with DNA glycosylases removing modified bases in the first step. Human NTHL1 is specific for excision of several pyrimidine- and purine-derived lesions from DNA, with loss of function NTHL1 showing a predisposition to carcinogenesis. A rare single nucleotide polymorphism of the Nthl1 gene leading to the substitution of Asp239 with Tyr within the active site, occurs within global populations. In this work, we overexpressed and purified the variant NTHL1-Asp239Tyr (NTHL1-D239Y) and determined the substrate specificity of this variant relative to wild-type NTHL1 using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with isotope-dilution, and oxidatively-damaged genomic DNA containing multiple pyrimidine- and purine-derived lesions. Wild-type NTHL1 excised seven DNA base lesions with different efficiencies, whereas NTHL1-D239Y exhibited no glycosylase activity for any of these lesions. We also measured the activities of human glycosylases OGG1 and NEIL1, and E. coli glycosylases Nth and Fpg under identical experimental conditions. Different substrate specificities among these DNA glycosylases were observed. When mixed with NTHL1-D239Y, the activity of NTHL1 was not reduced, indicating no substrate binding competition. These results and the inactivity of the variant D239Y toward the major oxidatively-induced DNA lesions points to the importance of the understanding of this variant's role in carcinogenesis and the potential of individual susceptibility to cancer in individuals carrying this variant.
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5
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Fernandes SG, Dsouza R, Khattar E. External environmental agents influence telomere length and telomerase activity by modulating internal cellular processes: Implications in human aging. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 85:103633. [PMID: 33711516 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
External environment affects cellular physiological processes and impact the stability of our genome. The most important structural components of our linear chromosomes which endure the impact by these agents, are the chromosomal ends called telomeres. Telomeres preserve the integrity of our genome by preventing end to end fusions and telomeric loss through by inhibiting DNA damage response (DDR) activation. This is accomplished by the presence of a six membered shelterin complex at telomeres. Further, telomeres cannot be replicated by normal DNA polymerase and require a special enzyme called telomerase which is expressed only in stem cells, few immune cells and germ cells. Telomeres are rich in guanine content and thus become extremely prone to damage arising due to physiological processes like oxidative stress and inflammation. External environmental factors which includes various physical, biological and chemical agents also affect telomere homeostasis by increasing oxidative stress and inflammation. In the present review, we highlight the effect of these external factors on telomerase activity and telomere length. We also discuss how the external agents affect the physiological processes, thus modulating telomere stability. Further, we describe its implication in the development of aging and its related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina George Fernandes
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle West, Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Rebecca Dsouza
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle West, Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Ekta Khattar
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle West, Mumbai, 400056, India.
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6
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Abstract
Efficient DNA repair is essential to maintain genomic integrity. An average of 30,000 base lesions per cell are removed daily by the DNA glycosylases of the base excision repair machinery. With the advent of whole genome sequencing, many germline mutations in these DNA glycosylases have been identified and associated with various diseases, including cancer. In this graphical review, we discuss the function of the NTHL1 DNA glycosylase and how genomic mutations and altered function of this protein contributes to cancer and aging. We highlight its role in a rare tumor syndrome, NTHL1-associated polyposis (NAP), and summarize various other polymorphisms in NTHL1 that can induce early hallmarks of cancer, including genomic instability and cellular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipsa Das
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, United States
| | - Victoria G Quintana
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, United States
| | - Joann B Sweasy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, United States.
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Boccardi V, Cari L, Nocentini G, Riccardi C, Cecchetti R, Ruggiero C, Arosio B, Paolisso G, Herbig U, Mecocci P. Telomeres Increasingly Develop Aberrant Structures in Aging Humans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:230-235. [PMID: 30388200 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres progressively shorten with age, and it has been proposed that critically short and dysfunctional telomeres contribute to aging and aging-associated diseases in humans. For many years it was thought that telomere erosion was strictly a consequence of the "end replication problem," or the inability of replicative polymerases to completely duplicate linear DNA ends. It is becoming increasingly evident, however, that telomere shortening of cultured human cells is also caused because of other replication defects in telomeric repeats, those that cause fragile telomeres and other aberrant telomeric structures that can be detected on metaphase chromosomes. Whether these replication defects contribute to telomere erosion also in human tissues is currently unknown. By analyzing peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a total of 35 healthy subjects ranging in age from 23 to 101 years, we demonstrated that telomeres increasingly display aberrant structures with advancing donor age. Although the percentages of fragile telomeres increased only until adulthood, the percentages of chromosomes displaying sister telomere loss and sister telomere chromatid fusions increased consistently throughout the entire human life span. Our data, therefore, suggest that telomeric replication defects other than the end replication problem contribute to aging-associated telomere erosion in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Boccardi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital
| | - Luigi Cari
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia
| | | | - Carlo Riccardi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia
| | - Roberta Cecchetti
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital
| | - Carmelinda Ruggiero
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan.,Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurologic, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Utz Herbig
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School-Cancer Center, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital
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8
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Kroustallaki P, Lirussi L, Carracedo S, You P, Esbensen QY, Götz A, Jobert L, Alsøe L, Sætrom P, Gagos S, Nilsen H. SMUG1 Promotes Telomere Maintenance through Telomerase RNA Processing. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1690-1702.e10. [PMID: 31412240 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase biogenesis is a complex process where several steps remain poorly understood. Single-strand-selective uracil-DNA glycosylase (SMUG1) associates with the DKC1-containing H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex, which is essential for telomerase biogenesis. Herein, we show that SMUG1 interacts with the telomeric RNA component (hTERC) and is required for co-transcriptional processing of the nascent transcript into mature hTERC. We demonstrate that SMUG1 regulates the presence of base modifications in hTERC, in a region between the CR4/CR5 domain and the H box. Increased levels of hTERC base modifications are accompanied by reduced DKC1 binding. Loss of SMUG1 leads to an imbalance between mature hTERC and its processing intermediates, leading to the accumulation of 3'-polyadenylated and 3'-extended intermediates that are degraded in an EXOSC10-independent RNA degradation pathway. Consequently, SMUG1-deprived cells exhibit telomerase deficiency, leading to impaired bone marrow proliferation in Smug1-knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Kroustallaki
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Lisa Lirussi
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Sergio Carracedo
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Panpan You
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Q Ying Esbensen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Alexandra Götz
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Laure Jobert
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Alsøe
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Pål Sætrom
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; Bioinformatics Core Facility-BioCore, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sarantis Gagos
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Hilde Nilsen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway.
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9
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Stabilization of telomere by the antioxidant property of polyphenols: Anti-aging potential. Life Sci 2020; 259:118341. [PMID: 32853653 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a form of a gradual loss of physiological integrity that results in impaired cellular function and ultimately increased vulnerability to disease and death. This process is a significant risk factor for critical age-related disorders such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurological conditions. Several mechanisms contribute to aging, most notably progressive telomeres shortening, which can be counteracted by telomerase enzyme activity and increasing in this enzyme activity associated with partly delaying the onset of aging. Individual behaviors and environmental factors such as nutrition affect the life-span by impact the telomerase activity rate. Healthy eating habits, including antioxidant intakes, such as polyphenols, can have a positive effect on telomere length by this mechanism. In this review, after studying the underlying mechanisms of aging and understanding the relationships between telomeres, telomerase, and aging, it has been attempted to explain the effect of polyphenols on reversing the oxidative stress and aging process.
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10
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Piekna-Przybylska D, Bambara RA, Maggirwar SB, Dewhurst S. G-quadruplex ligands targeting telomeres do not inhibit HIV promoter activity and cooperate with latency reversing agents in killing latently infected cells. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:2298-2313. [PMID: 32807015 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1796268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered telomere maintenance mechanism (TMM) is linked to increased DNA damage at telomeres and telomere uncapping. We previously showed that HIV-1 latent cells have altered TMM and are susceptible to ligands that target G-quadruplexes (G4) at telomeres. Susceptibility of latent cells to telomere targeting could potentially be used to support approaches to eradicate HIV reservoirs. However, G4 ligands also target G-quadruplexes in promoters blocking gene transcription. Since HIV promoter sequence can form G-quadruplexes, we investigated whether G4 ligands interfere with HIV-1 promoter activity and virus reactivation from latency, and whether telomere targeting could be combined with latency reversing agents (LRAs) to promote elimination of HIV reservoirs. Our results indicate that Sp1 binding region in HIV-1 promoter can adopt G4 structures in duplex DNA, and that in vitro binding of Sp1 to G-quadruplex is blocked by G4 ligand, suggesting that agents targeting telomeres interfere with virus reactivation. However, our studies show that G4 agents do not affect HIV-1 promoter activity in cell culture, and do not interfere with latency reversal. Importantly, primary memory CD4 + T cells infected with latent HIV-1 are more susceptible to combined treatment with LRAs and G4 ligands, indicating that drugs targeting TMM may enhance killing of HIV reservoirs. Using a cell-based DNA repair assay, we also found that HIV-1 infected cells have reduced efficiency of DNA mismatch repair (MMR), and base excision repair (BER), suggesting that altered TMM in latently infected cells could be associated with accumulation of DNA damage at telomeres and changes in telomeric caps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Piekna-Przybylska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Robert A Bambara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sanjay B Maggirwar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University , Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stephen Dewhurst
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, NY, USA
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11
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Casati M, Boccardi V, Ferri E, Bertagnoli L, Bastiani P, Ciccone S, Mansi M, Scamosci M, Rossi PD, Mecocci P, Arosio B. Vitamin E and Alzheimer's disease: the mediating role of cellular aging. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:459-464. [PMID: 31054115 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin E represents a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory system, playing a role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Different plasma concentrations of the forms of vitamin E are observed in AD compared to cognitively healthy subjects. AIM Since these modifications may modulate the markers of oxidative stress and cellular aging, we aim to explore the relationship between vitamin E forms and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in AD. METHODS 53 AD subjects and 40 cognitively healthy controls (CTs) were enrolled. The vitamin E forms (α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherol, α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocotrienol), the ratio of α-tocopherylquinone/α-tocopherol and 5-nitro-γ-tocopherol/γ-tocopherol (markers of oxidative/nitrosative damage) and LTL were measured. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Regression model was used to explore the associations of vitamin E forms and LTL with AD. The interaction of LTL in the association between vitamin E forms and AD was tested. AD subjects showed significantly lower concentrations of α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherol, α- and δ-tocotrienol, total tocopherols, total tocotrienols and total vitamin E compared to CTs. AD subjects showed higher values of nitrosative/oxidative damage. The adjusted analyses confirmed a significant relationship of AD with plasma concentrations of α- and β-tocopherols, δ-tocotrienol, total tocopherols, total tocotrienol, total vitamin E and oxidative/nitrosative damage. However, nitrosative damage was significantly associated with AD only in subjects with higher LTL and not in those expressing marked cellular aging. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms the role of vitamin E in AD pathology and indicates that nitrosative damage influences the association with AD only in subjects characterized by longer LTL.
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12
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Wieczór M, Czub J. Telomere uncapping by common oxidative guanine lesions: Insights from atomistic models. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 148:162-169. [PMID: 31926882 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative damage to DNA is widely known to contribute to aging and disease. This relationship has been extensively studied for telomeres - structures that cap chromosome ends - due to their role in cell proliferation and senescence, and exceptional susceptibility to oxidation. Indeed, the repetitive telomeric DNA sequence contains the 5'-GGG-3' motif that has the lowest ionization potential of all trinucleotides. Accordingly, experiments consistently show that telomeric oxidative lesions are more abundant and persistent than elsewhere in the genome. This led to a hypothesis that telomeres act as sensors of prolonged oxidative stress and prevent carcinogenesis, as disruption of telomeric integrity triggers senescence or apoptosis. Here, we use atomistic alchemical Molecular Dynamics simulations to perform a combinatorial assessment of changes in DNA binding affinity of telomeric proteins induced by oxidative guanine lesions. We rank lesions by their effect on telomere integrity, as well as telomeric proteins by their sensitivity to DNA oxidation. While the binding of most proteins is abolished by DNA oxidation, HOT1 emerges as a notable exception, suggesting its potential role in sensing of oxidative damage. Through statistical analysis and free energy decomposition, we also identify common trends in structural responses of protein-DNA complexes that contribute to decreased binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Wieczór
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Jacek Czub
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
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13
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Lirussi L, Nilsen H. Telomere maintenance: regulating hTERC fate through RNA modifications. Mol Cell Oncol 2019; 6:e1670489. [PMID: 31692866 PMCID: PMC6816388 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2019.1670489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances in telomere maintenance are common in cancer. We recently showed that Single-strand-selective monofunctional uracil-DNA glycosylase 1 (SMUG1) promotes telomere homeostasis by regulating the stability of the telomeric RNA component (hTERC). SMUG1-mediated recognition of base modifications may function in a regulated process serving to fine-tune the levels of hTERC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Lirussi
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Hilde Nilsen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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14
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Barbero Barcenilla B, Shippen DE. Back to the future: The intimate and evolving connection between telomere-related factors and genotoxic stress. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:14803-14813. [PMID: 31434740 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.aw119.008145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of circular genomes to linear chromosomes during molecular evolution required the invention of telomeres. This entailed the acquisition of factors necessary to fulfill two new requirements: the need to fully replicate terminal DNA sequences and the ability to distinguish chromosome ends from damaged DNA. Here we consider the multifaceted functions of factors recruited to perpetuate and stabilize telomeres. We discuss recent theories for how telomere factors evolved from existing cellular machineries and examine their engagement in nontelomeric functions such as DNA repair, replication, and transcriptional regulation. We highlight the remarkable versatility of protection of telomeres 1 (POT1) proteins that was fueled by gene duplication and divergence events that occurred independently across several eukaryotic lineages. Finally, we consider the relationship between oxidative stress and telomeres and the enigmatic role of telomere-associated proteins in mitochondria. These findings point to an evolving and intimate connection between telomeres and cellular physiology and the strong drive to maintain chromosome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Barbero Barcenilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128
| | - Dorothy E Shippen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128
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15
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Louzon M, Coeurdassier M, Gimbert F, Pauget B, de Vaufleury A. Telomere dynamic in humans and animals: Review and perspectives in environmental toxicology. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 131:105025. [PMID: 31352262 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres (TLs) play major roles in stabilizing the genome and are usually shortened with ageing. The maintenance of TLs is ensured by two mechanisms involving telomerase (TA) enzyme and alternative lengthening telomeres (ALT). TL shortening and/or TA inhibition have been related to health effects on organisms (leading to reduced reproductive lifespan and survival), suggesting that they could be key processes in toxicity mechanisms (at molecular and cellular levels) and relevant as an early warning of exposure and effect of chemicals on human health and animal population dynamics. Consequently, a critical analysis of knowledge about relationships between TL dynamic and environmental pollution is essential to highlight the relevance of TL measurement in environmental toxicology. The first objective of this review is to provide a survey on the basic knowledge about TL structure, roles, maintenance mechanisms and causes of shortening in both vertebrates (including humans) and invertebrates. Overall, TL length decreases with ageing but some unexpected exceptions are reported (e.g., in species with different lifespans, such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans or the crustacean Homarus americanus). Inconsistent results reported in various biological groups or even between species of the same genus (e.g., the microcrustacean Daphnia sp.) indicate that the relation usually proposed between TL shortening and a decrease in TA activity cannot be generalized and depends on the species, stage of development or lifespan. Although the scientific literature provides evidence of the effect of ageing on TL shortening, much less information on the relationships between shortening, maintenance of TLs, influence of other endogenous and environmental drivers, including exposure to chemical pollutants, is available, especially in invertebrates. The second objective of this review is to connect knowledge on TL dynamic and exposure to contaminants. Most of the studies published on humans rely on correlative epidemiological approaches and few in vitro experiments. They have shown TL attrition when exposed to contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), pesticides and metallic elements (ME). In other vertebrates, the studies we found deals mainly with birds and, overall, report a disturbance of TL dynamic consecutively to exposure to chemicals, including metals and organic compounds. In invertebrates, no data are available and the potential of TL dynamic in environmental risk assessment remains to be explored. On the basis of the main gaps identified some research perspectives (e.g., impact of endogenous and environmental drivers, dose response effects, link between TL length, TA activity, longevity and ageing) are proposed to better understand the potential of TL and TA measurements in humans and animals in environmental toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Louzon
- Department Chrono-Environnement, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Michael Coeurdassier
- Department Chrono-Environnement, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Frédéric Gimbert
- Department Chrono-Environnement, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Benjamin Pauget
- TESORA, Le Visium, 22 avenue Aristide Briand, 94110 Arcueil, France
| | - Annette de Vaufleury
- Department Chrono-Environnement, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25000 Besançon, France.
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Yu EY, Cheung IY, Feng Y, Rabie MO, Roboz GJ, Guzman ML, Cheung NKV, Lue NF. Telomere Trimming and DNA Damage as Signatures of High Risk Neuroblastoma. Neoplasia 2019; 21:689-701. [PMID: 31128432 PMCID: PMC6535646 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres play important roles in genome stability and cell proliferation. High risk neuroblastoma (HRNB), an aggressive childhood cancer, is especially reliant on telomere maintenance. Three recurrent genetic aberrations in HRNB (MYCN amplification, TERT re-arrangements, and ATRX mutations) are mutually exclusive and each capable of promoting telomere maintenance mechanisms (i.e., through telomerase or ALT). We analyzed a panel of 5 representative HRNB cell lines and 30 HRNB surgical samples using assays that assess average telomere lengths, length distribution patterns, single-stranded DNA on the G- and C-strand, as well as extra-chromosomal circular telomeres. Our analysis pointed to substantial and variable degrees of telomere DNA damage in HRNB, including pervasive oxidative lesions. Moreover, unlike other cancers, neuroblastoma consistently harbored high levels of C-strand ssDNA overhangs and t-circles, which are consistent with active "telomere trimming". This feature is observed in both telomerase- and ALT-positive tumors and irrespective of telomere length distribution. Moreover, evidence for telomere trimming was detected in normal neural tissues, raising the possibility that TMMs in HRNB evolved in the face of a canonical developmental program of telomere shortening. Telomere trimming by itself appears to distinguish neuroectodermal derived tumors from other human cancers, a distinguishing characteristic with both biologic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Yu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, W. R. Hearst Microbiology Research Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irene Y Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohamed O Rabie
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gail J Roboz
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monica L Guzman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nai-Kong V Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neal F Lue
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, W. R. Hearst Microbiology Research Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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Okumura K, Nishihara S, Inoue YH. Genetic identification and characterization of three genes that prevent accumulation of oxidative DNA damage in Drosophila adult tissues. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 78:7-19. [PMID: 30947023 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species generated in the process of energy production represent a major cause of oxidative DNA damage. Production of the oxidized guanine base, 8-oxo-guanine (8-oxoG), results in mismatched pairing with adenine and subsequently leads to G:C to T:A transversions after DNA replication. Our previous study demonstrated that Drosophila CG1795 encodes an ortholog of Ogg1, which is essential for the elimination of 8-oxoG. Moreover, the Drosophila ribosomal protein S3 (RpS3) possesses N-glycosylase activity that eliminates 8-oxoG in vitro. In this study, we show that RpS3 heterozygotes hyper-accumulate 8-oxoG in midgut cell nuclei after oxidant feeding, suggesting thatRpS3 is required for the elimination of 8-oxoG in Drosophila adults. We further showed that several muscle-aging phenotypes were significantly accelerated in RpS3 heterozygotes. Ogg1 is localized in the nucleus, while RpS3 is in the cytoplasm, closely associated with endoplasmic reticulum networks. Results of genetic analyses also suggest that these two proteins operate similarly but independently in the elimination of oxidized guanine bases from genomic DNA. Next, we obtained genetic evidence suggesting that CG42813 functions as the Drosophila ortholog of mammalian Mth1 in the elimination of oxidized dGTP (8-oxo-dGTP) from the nucleotide pool. Depletion of this gene significantly increased the number of DNA damage foci in the nuclei of Drosophila midgut cells. Furthermore, several aging-related phenotypes such as age-dependent loss of adult locomotor activities and accumulation of polyubiquitylated proteins in adult muscles were also significantly accelerated in CG42813-depleted flies. Lastly, we investigated the phenotype of adults depleted of CG9272, which encodes a protein with homology to mammalian Nth1 that is essential for the elimination of oxidized thymine. Excessive accumulation of oxidized bases was observed in the epithelial cell nuclei after oxidant feeding. In conclusion, three genes that prevent accumulation of oxidative DNA damage were identified in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Okumura
- Department of Insect Biomedical Research, Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0962, Japan
| | - Shunta Nishihara
- Department of Insect Biomedical Research, Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0962, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro H Inoue
- Department of Insect Biomedical Research, Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0962, Japan.
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18
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Barnes RP, Fouquerel E, Opresko PL. The impact of oxidative DNA damage and stress on telomere homeostasis. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 177:37-45. [PMID: 29604323 PMCID: PMC6162185 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres are dynamic nucleoprotein-DNA structures that cap and protect linear chromosome ends. Because telomeres shorten progressively with each replication, they impose a functional limit on the number of times a cell can divide. Critically short telomeres trigger cellular senescence in normal cells, or genomic instability in pre-malignant cells, which contribute to numerous degenerative and aging-related diseases including cancer. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms of telomere loss and preservation is important for human health. Numerous studies have shown that oxidative stress is associated with accelerated telomere shortening and dysfunction. Oxidative stress caused by inflammation, intrinsic cell factors or environmental exposures, contributes to the pathogenesis of many degenerative diseases and cancer. Here we review the studies demonstrating associations between oxidative stress and accelerated telomere attrition in human tissue, mice and cell culture, and discuss possible mechanisms and cellular pathways that protect telomeres from oxidative damage.
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Kahl VFS, da Silva FR, Alves JDS, da Silva GF, Picinini J, Dhillon VS, Fenech M, de Souza MR, Dias JF, de Souza CT, Salvador M, Branco CDS, Thiesen FV, Simon D, da Silva J. Role of PON1, SOD2, OGG1, XRCC1, and XRCC4 polymorphisms on modulation of DNA damage in workers occupationally exposed to pesticides. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 159:164-171. [PMID: 29747151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco farming has been proving to induce poor health outcomes in agricultural workers, genomic instability being the triggering one. This study evaluated influence of PON1 (paraoxonase 1), SOD2 (superoxide dismutase), OGG1 (8-oxoguanine glycosylase), XRCC1 (X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1), and XRCC4 (X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 4) genes polymorphisms on DNA damage in 121 subjects occupationally exposed to pesticides mixtures and nicotine at tobacco fields and 121 non-exposed individuals. Inorganic elements (Cl, P, S and Zn) and cotinine levels were found increased in farmers, confirming exposure. Results show higher frequencies of buccal micronucleus (MN), nuclear buds (NBUD), binucleated cells (BN) and damage index (comet assay), reduced telomere length (TL), and increased parameters of oxidative stress in farmers compared to non-exposed individuals. PON1 Gln/Gln genotype was associated with increased MN frequency. SOD2 Val/Val showed association with increased frequency of MN and NBUD and decreased antioxidant activity. The XRCC1 Arg/Arg showed protective effect for MN, BN and TL, which was also positively influenced by OGG1 -/Cys. MN was decreased in XRCC4 -/Ile farmers. These genotypes also showed a risk for antioxidant activity. Our study proposes that PON1 and SOD2 variants play a role in xenobiotic-metabolizing system in farmers, while base excision repair (BER) pathway could be the repair mechanism involved in genomic instability suffered by tobacco farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian F Silva Kahl
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Jodel da Silva Alves
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabrieli Flesch da Silva
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Picinini
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Varinderpal Singh Dhillon
- Health and Biosecurity Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Fenech
- Health and Biosecurity Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Melissa Rosa de Souza
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Johnny F Dias
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Physics Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Claudia Telles de Souza
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Physics Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Flávia Valadão Thiesen
- Toxicology Institute, Catholic Pontifice University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Simon
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
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20
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Zhou J, Chan J, Lambelé M, Yusufzai T, Stumpff J, Opresko PL, Thali M, Wallace SS. NEIL3 Repairs Telomere Damage during S Phase to Secure Chromosome Segregation at Mitosis. Cell Rep 2018; 20:2044-2056. [PMID: 28854357 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage to telomere DNA compromises telomere integrity. We recently reported that the DNA glycosylase NEIL3 preferentially repairs oxidative lesions in telomere sequences in vitro. Here, we show that loss of NEIL3 causes anaphase DNA bridging because of telomere dysfunction. NEIL3 expression increases during S phase and reaches maximal levels in late S/G2. NEIL3 co-localizes with TRF2 and associates with telomeres during S phase, and this association increases upon oxidative stress. Mechanistic studies reveal that NEIL3 binds to single-stranded DNA via its intrinsically disordered C terminus in a telomere-sequence-independent manner. Moreover, NEIL3 is recruited to telomeres through its interaction with TRF1, and this interaction enhances the enzymatic activity of purified NEIL3. Finally, we show that NEIL3 interacts with AP Endonuclease 1 (APE1) and the long-patch base excision repair proteins PCNA and FEN1. Taken together, we propose that NEIL3 protects genome stability through targeted repair of oxidative damage in telomeres during S/G2 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jany Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Marie Lambelé
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Timur Yusufzai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Patricia L Opresko
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Markus Thali
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | - Susan S Wallace
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of ROS: New Insights on Aging and Aging-Related Diseases from Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Model Organisms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1941285. [PMID: 29743972 PMCID: PMC5878877 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1941285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with the accumulation of cellular damage over the course of a lifetime. This process is promoted in large part by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated via cellular metabolic and respiratory pathways. Pharmacological, nonpharmacological, and genetic interventions have been used to target cellular and mitochondrial networks in an effort to decipher aging and age-related disorders. While ROS historically have been viewed as a detrimental byproduct of normal metabolism and associated with several pathologies, recent research has revealed a more complex and beneficial role of ROS in regulating metabolism, development, and lifespan. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in ROS research, focusing on both the beneficial and harmful roles of ROS, many of which are conserved across species from bacteria to humans, in various aspects of cellular physiology. These studies provide a new context for our understanding of the parts ROS play in health and disease. Moreover, we highlight the utility of bacterial models to elucidate the molecular pathways by which ROS mediate aging and aging-related diseases.
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22
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Mazidi M, Banach M, Kengne AP. Association between plasma trans fatty acids concentrations and leucocyte telomere length in US adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 72:581-586. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-017-0065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Age-Dependent Protective Effect of Selenium against UVA Irradiation in Primary Human Keratinocytes and the Associated DNA Repair Signature. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5895439. [PMID: 29682159 PMCID: PMC5842700 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5895439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have focused on the protective role of selenium (Se) against skin aging and photoaging even though selenoproteins are essential for keratinocyte function and skin development. To the best of our knowledge, the impact of Se supplementation on skin cells from elderly and young donors has not been reported. Therefore, the main objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of Se supplementation on skin keratinocytes at baseline and after exposure to ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation. Low doses of Se (30 nM) were very potently protective against UVA-induced cytotoxicity in young keratinocytes, whereas the protection efficiency of Se in old keratinocytes required higher concentrations (240 nM). Additionally, the DNA repair ability of the old keratinocytes drastically decreased compared with that of the young keratinocytes at baseline and after the UVA exposure. The Se supplementation significantly enhanced the DNA repair of 8-oxoguanine (8oxoG) only in the keratinocytes isolated from young donors. Therefore, aged keratinocytes have an increased vulnerability to oxidative DNA damage, and the Se needs in the elderly should be considered. Strengthening DNA repair activities with Se supplementation may represent a new strategy to combat aging and skin photoaging.
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24
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Lee HT, Bose A, Lee CY, Opresko PL, Myong S. Molecular mechanisms by which oxidative DNA damage promotes telomerase activity. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:11752-11765. [PMID: 28981887 PMCID: PMC5714237 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are highly susceptible to oxidative DNA damage, which if left unrepaired can lead to dysregulation of telomere length homeostasis. Here we employed single molecule FRET, single molecule pull-down and biochemical analysis to investigate how the most common oxidative DNA lesions, 8-oxoguanine (8oxoG) and thymine glycol (Tg), regulate the structural properties of telomeric DNA and telomerase extension activity. In contrast to 8oxoG which disrupts the telomeric DNA structure, Tg exhibits substantially reduced perturbation of G-quadruplex folding. As a result, 8oxoG induces high accessibility, whereas Tg retains limited accessibility, of telomeric G-quadruplex DNA to complementary single stranded DNA and to telomere binding protein POT1. Surprisingly, the Tg lesion stimulates telomerase loading and activity to a similar degree as an 8oxoG lesion. We demonstrate that this unexpected stimulation arises from Tg-induced conformational alterations and dynamics in telomeric DNA. Despite impacting structure by different mechanisms, both 8oxoG and Tg enhance telomerase binding and extension activity to the same degree, potentially contributing to oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ting Lee
- Thomas C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Arindam Bose
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Chun-Ying Lee
- Thomas C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Patricia L Opresko
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sua Myong
- Thomas C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.,Physics Frontier Center (Center for Physics of Living Cells), University of Illinois, 1110 W. Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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25
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The origin of oxidized guanine resolves the puzzle of oxidation-induced telomere-length alterations. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2017; 23:1070-1071. [PMID: 27922610 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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26
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No cancer predisposition or increased spontaneous mutation frequencies in NEIL DNA glycosylases-deficient mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4384. [PMID: 28663564 PMCID: PMC5491499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04472-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) is a major pathway for removal of DNA base lesions and maintenance of genomic stability, which is essential in cancer prevention. DNA glycosylases recognize and remove specific lesions in the first step of BER. The existence of a number of these enzymes with overlapping substrate specificities has been thought to be the reason why single knock-out models of individual DNA glycosylases are not cancer prone. In this work we have characterized DNA glycosylases NEIL1 and NEIL2 (Neil1−/−/Neil2−/−) double and NEIL1, NEIL2 and NEIL3 (Neil1−/−/Neil2−/−/Neil3−/−) triple knock-out mouse models. Unexpectedly, our results show that these mice are not prone to cancer and have no elevated mutation frequencies under normal physiological conditions. Moreover, telomere length is not affected and there was no accumulation of oxidative DNA damage compared to wild-type mice. These results strengthen the hypothesis that the NEIL enzymes are not simply back-up enzymes for each other but enzymes that have distinct functions beyond canonical repair.
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Interactive Roles of DNA Helicases and Translocases with the Single-Stranded DNA Binding Protein RPA in Nucleic Acid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061233. [PMID: 28594346 PMCID: PMC5486056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicases and translocases use the energy of nucleoside triphosphate binding and hydrolysis to unwind/resolve structured nucleic acids or move along a single-stranded or double-stranded polynucleotide chain, respectively. These molecular motors facilitate a variety of transactions including replication, DNA repair, recombination, and transcription. A key partner of eukaryotic DNA helicases/translocases is the single-stranded DNA binding protein Replication Protein A (RPA). Biochemical, genetic, and cell biological assays have demonstrated that RPA interacts with these human molecular motors physically and functionally, and their association is enriched in cells undergoing replication stress. The roles of DNA helicases/translocases are orchestrated with RPA in pathways of nucleic acid metabolism. RPA stimulates helicase-catalyzed DNA unwinding, enlists translocases to sites of action, and modulates their activities in DNA repair, fork remodeling, checkpoint activation, and telomere maintenance. The dynamic interplay between DNA helicases/translocases and RPA is just beginning to be understood at the molecular and cellular levels, and there is still much to be learned, which may inform potential therapeutic strategies.
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28
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Crouch JD, Brosh RM. Mechanistic and biological considerations of oxidatively damaged DNA for helicase-dependent pathways of nucleic acid metabolism. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 107:245-257. [PMID: 27884703 PMCID: PMC5440220 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cells are under constant assault from reactive oxygen species that occur endogenously or arise from environmental agents. An important consequence of such stress is the generation of oxidatively damaged DNA, which is represented by a wide range of non-helix distorting and helix-distorting bulkier lesions that potentially affect a number of pathways including replication and transcription; consequently DNA damage tolerance and repair pathways are elicited to help cells cope with the lesions. The cellular consequences and metabolism of oxidatively damaged DNA can be quite complex with a number of DNA metabolic proteins and pathways involved. Many of the responses to oxidative stress involve a specialized class of enzymes known as helicases, the topic of this review. Helicases are molecular motors that convert the energy of nucleoside triphosphate hydrolysis to unwinding of structured polynucleic acids. Helicases by their very nature play fundamentally important roles in DNA metabolism and are implicated in processes that suppress chromosomal instability, genetic disease, cancer, and aging. We will discuss the roles of helicases in response to nuclear and mitochondrial oxidative stress and how this important class of enzymes help cells cope with oxidatively generated DNA damage through their functions in the replication stress response, DNA repair, and transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack D Crouch
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Robert M Brosh
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Prasad KN, Wu M, Bondy SC. Telomere shortening during aging: Attenuation by antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 164:61-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
Telomeres at chromosome ends are nucleoprotein structures consisting of tandem TTAGGG repeats and a complex of proteins termed shelterin. DNA damage and repair at telomeres is uniquely influenced by the ability of telomeric DNA to form alternate structures including loops and G-quadruplexes, coupled with the ability of shelterin proteins to interact with and regulate enzymes in every known DNA repair pathway. The role of shelterin proteins in preventing telomeric ends from being falsely recognized and processed as DNA double strand breaks is well established. Here we focus instead on recent developments in understanding the roles of shelterin proteins and telomeric DNA sequence and structure in processing genuine damage at telomeres induced by endogenous and exogenous DNA damage agents. We will highlight advances in double strand break repair, base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair at telomeres, and will discuss important questions remaining in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Fouquerel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Research Pavilion, 5117 Centre Avenue, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Dhvani Parikh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Research Pavilion, 5117 Centre Avenue, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Patricia Opresko
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Research Pavilion, 5117 Centre Avenue, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
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31
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Chen L, Zhang YH, Huang T, Cai YD. Identifying novel protein phenotype annotations by hybridizing protein-protein interactions and protein sequence similarities. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 291:913-34. [PMID: 26728152 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-015-1157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Studies of protein phenotypes represent a central challenge of modern genetics in the post-genome era because effective and accurate investigation of protein phenotypes is one of the most critical procedures to identify functional biological processes in microscale, which involves the analysis of multifactorial traits and has greatly contributed to the development of modern biology in the post genome era. Therefore, we have developed a novel computational method that identifies novel proteins associated with certain phenotypes in yeast based on the protein-protein interaction network. Unlike some existing network-based computational methods that identify the phenotype of a query protein based on its direct neighbors in the local network, the proposed method identifies novel candidate proteins for a certain phenotype by considering all annotated proteins with this phenotype on the global network using a shortest path (SP) algorithm. The identified proteins are further filtered using both a permutation test and their interactions and sequence similarities to annotated proteins. We compared our method with another widely used method called random walk with restart (RWR). The biological functions of proteins for each phenotype identified by our SP method and the RWR method were analyzed and compared. The results confirmed a large proportion of our novel protein phenotype annotation, and the RWR method showed a higher false positive rate than the SP method. Our method is equally effective for the prediction of proteins involving in all the eleven clustered yeast phenotypes with a quite low false positive rate. Considering the universality and generalizability of our supporting materials and computing strategies, our method can further be applied to study other organisms and the new functions we predicted can provide pertinent instructions for the further experimental verifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China. .,College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Hang Zhang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
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Chakraborty A, Wakamiya M, Venkova-Canova T, Pandita RK, Aguilera-Aguirre L, Sarker AH, Singh DK, Hosoki K, Wood TG, Sharma G, Cardenas V, Sarkar PS, Sur S, Pandita TK, Boldogh I, Hazra TK. Neil2-null Mice Accumulate Oxidized DNA Bases in the Transcriptionally Active Sequences of the Genome and Are Susceptible to Innate Inflammation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:24636-48. [PMID: 26245904 PMCID: PMC4598976 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.658146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Why mammalian cells possess multiple DNA glycosylases (DGs) with overlapping substrate ranges for repairing oxidatively damaged bases via the base excision repair (BER) pathway is a long-standing question. To determine the biological role of these DGs, null animal models have been generated. Here, we report the generation and characterization of mice lacking Neil2 (Nei-like 2). As in mice deficient in each of the other four oxidized base-specific DGs (OGG1, NTH1, NEIL1, and NEIL3), Neil2-null mice show no overt phenotype. However, middle-aged to old Neil2-null mice show the accumulation of oxidative genomic damage, mostly in the transcribed regions. Immuno-pulldown analysis from wild-type (WT) mouse tissue showed the association of NEIL2 with RNA polymerase II, along with Cockayne syndrome group B protein, TFIIH, and other BER proteins. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis from mouse tissue showed co-occupancy of NEIL2 and RNA polymerase II only on the transcribed genes, consistent with our earlier in vitro findings on NEIL2's role in transcription-coupled BER. This study provides the first in vivo evidence of genomic region-specific repair in mammals. Furthermore, telomere loss and genomic instability were observed at a higher frequency in embryonic fibroblasts from Neil2-null mice than from the WT. Moreover, Neil2-null mice are much more responsive to inflammatory agents than WT mice. Taken together, our results underscore the importance of NEIL2 in protecting mammals from the development of various pathologies that are linked to genomic instability and/or inflammation. NEIL2 is thus likely to play an important role in long term genomic maintenance, particularly in long-lived mammals such as humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Chakraborty
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine
| | - Maki Wakamiya
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Transgenic Mouse Core Facility, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
| | | | - Raj K Pandita
- the Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | | | - Altaf H Sarker
- the Department of Cancer and DNA Damage Responses, Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Singh
- the Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Koa Hosoki
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine
| | | | - Gulshan Sharma
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine
| | - Victor Cardenas
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine
| | | | - Sanjiv Sur
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine
| | - Tej K Pandita
- the Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | | | - Tapas K Hazra
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine,
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Abstract
DNA damage is caused by either endogenous cellular metabolic processes such as hydrolysis, oxidation, alkylation, and DNA base mismatches, or exogenous sources including ultraviolet (UV) light, ionizing radiation, and chemical agents. Damaged DNA that is not properly repaired can lead to genomic instability, driving tumorigenesis. To protect genomic stability, mammalian cells have evolved highly conserved DNA repair mechanisms to remove and repair DNA lesions. Telomeres are composed of long tandem TTAGGG repeats located at the ends of chromosomes. Maintenance of functional telomeres is critical for preventing genome instability. The telomeric sequence possesses unique features that predispose telomeres to a variety of DNA damage induced by environmental genotoxins. This review briefly describes the relevance of excision repair pathways in telomere maintenance, with the focus on base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER), and mismatch repair (MMR). By summarizing current knowledge on excision repair of telomere damage and outlining many unanswered questions, it is our hope to stimulate further interest in a better understanding of excision repair processes at telomeres and in how these processes contribute to telomere maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Jia
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, United States
| | - Chengtao Her
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, United States
| | - Weihang Chai
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, United States; School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, United States.
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Teasley DC, Parajuli S, Nguyen M, Moore HR, Alspach E, Lock YJ, Honaker Y, Saharia A, Piwnica-Worms H, Stewart SA. Flap Endonuclease 1 Limits Telomere Fragility on the Leading Strand. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:15133-45. [PMID: 25922071 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.647388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of redundant replication and repair systems that ensure genome stability underscores the importance of faithful DNA replication. Nowhere is this complexity more evident than in challenging DNA templates, including highly repetitive or transcribed sequences. Here, we demonstrate that flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1), a canonical lagging strand DNA replication protein, is required for normal, complete leading strand replication at telomeres. We find that the loss of FEN1 nuclease activity, but not DNA repair activities, results in leading strand-specific telomere fragility. Furthermore, we show that FEN1 depletion-induced telomere fragility is increased by RNA polymerase II inhibition and is rescued by ectopic RNase H1 expression. These data suggest that FEN1 limits leading strand-specific telomere fragility by processing RNA:DNA hybrid/flap intermediates that arise from co-directional collisions occurring between the replisome and RNA polymerase. Our data reveal the first molecular mechanism for leading strand-specific telomere fragility and the first known role for FEN1 in leading strand DNA replication. Because FEN1 mutations have been identified in human cancers, our findings raise the possibility that unresolved RNA:DNA hybrid structures contribute to the genomic instability associated with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Teasley
- From the Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology and Integrating Communications within the Cancer Environment Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Shankar Parajuli
- From the Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology and Integrating Communications within the Cancer Environment Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Mai Nguyen
- From the Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology and Integrating Communications within the Cancer Environment Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Hayley R Moore
- From the Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology and Integrating Communications within the Cancer Environment Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Elise Alspach
- From the Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology and Integrating Communications within the Cancer Environment Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Ying Jie Lock
- From the Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology and
| | - Yuchi Honaker
- From the Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology and
| | | | | | - Sheila A Stewart
- From the Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology and Integrating Communications within the Cancer Environment Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 Medicine,
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Zhou J, Fleming AM, Averill AM, Burrows CJ, Wallace SS. The NEIL glycosylases remove oxidized guanine lesions from telomeric and promoter quadruplex DNA structures. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:4039-54. [PMID: 25813041 PMCID: PMC4417164 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplex is a four-stranded G-rich DNA structure that is highly susceptible to oxidation. Despite the important roles that G-quadruplexes play in telomere biology and gene transcription, neither the impact of guanine lesions on the stability of quadruplexes nor their repair are well understood. Here, we show that the oxidized guanine lesions 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG), guanidinohydantoin (Gh) and spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp) reduce the thermostability and alter the folding of telomeric quadruplexes in a location-dependent manner. Also, the NEIL1 and NEIL3 DNA glycosylases can remove hydantoin lesions but none of the glycosylases, including OGG1, are able to remove 8-oxoG from telomeric quadruplexes. Interestingly, a hydantoin lesion at the site most prone to oxidation in quadruplex DNA is not efficiently removed by NEIL1 or NEIL3. However, NEIL1, NEIL2 and NEIL3 remove hydantoins from telomeric quadruplexes formed by five TTAGGG repeats much more rapidly than the commonly studied four-repeat quadruplex structures. We also show that APE1 cleaves furan in selected positions in Na+-coordinated telomeric quadruplexes. In promoter G-quadruplex DNA, the NEIL glycosylases primarily remove Gh from Na+-coordinated antiparallel quadruplexes but not K+-coordinated parallel quadruplexes containing VEGF or c-MYC promoter sequences. Thus, the NEIL DNA glycosylases may be involved in both telomere maintenance and in gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Aaron M Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - April M Averill
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Cynthia J Burrows
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Susan S Wallace
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Vallabhaneni H, Zhou F, Maul RW, Sarkar J, Yin J, Lei M, Harrington L, Gearhart PJ, Liu Y. Defective repair of uracil causes telomere defects in mouse hematopoietic cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:5502-11. [PMID: 25572391 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.607101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Uracil in the genome can result from misincorporation of dUTP instead of dTTP during DNA synthesis, and is primarily removed by uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG) during base excision repair. Telomeres contain long arrays of TTAGGG repeats and may be susceptible to uracil misincorporation. Using model telomeric DNA substrates, we showed that the position and number of uracil substitutions of thymine in telomeric DNA decreased recognition by the telomere single-strand binding protein, POT1. In primary mouse hematopoietic cells, uracil was detectable at telomeres, and UNG deficiency further increased uracil loads and led to abnormal telomere lengthening. In UNG-deficient cells, the frequencies of sister chromatid exchange and fragility in telomeres also significantly increased in the absence of telomerase. Thus, accumulation of uracil and/or UNG deficiency interferes with telomere maintenance, thereby underscoring the necessity of UNG-initiated base excision repair for the preservation of telomere integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fang Zhou
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology
| | - Robert W Maul
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Jaya Sarkar
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology
| | - Jinhu Yin
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology
| | - Ming Lei
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Lea Harrington
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Patricia J Gearhart
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224,
| | - Yie Liu
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology,
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Crous-Bou M, Fung TT, Prescott J, Julin B, Du M, Sun Q, Rexrode KM, Hu FB, De Vivo I. Mediterranean diet and telomere length in Nurses' Health Study: population based cohort study. BMJ 2014; 349:g6674. [PMID: 25467028 PMCID: PMC4252824 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.g6674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with longer telomere length, a biomarker of aging. DESIGN Population based cohort study. SETTING Nurses' Health Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study of 121,700 nurses enrolled in 1976; in 1989-90 a subset of 32,825 women provided blood samples. PARTICIPANTS 4676 disease-free women from nested case-control studies within the Nurses' Health Study with telomere length measured who also completed food frequency questionnaires. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Association between relative telomere lengths in peripheral blood leukocytes measured by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction and Alternate Mediterranean Diet score calculated from self reported dietary data. RESULTS Greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with longer telomeres after adjustment for potential confounders. Least squares mean telomere length z scores were -0.038 (SE 0.035) for the lowest Mediterranean diet score groups and 0.072 (0.030) for the highest group (P for trend = 0.004). CONCLUSION In this large study, greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with longer telomeres. These results further support the benefits of adherence to the Mediterranean diet for promoting health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Crous-Bou
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Epidemiology, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Teresa T Fung
- Department of Nutrition, Simmons College, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston
| | - Jennifer Prescott
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bettina Julin
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Epidemiology, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mengmeng Du
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston
| | - Kathryn M Rexrode
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Frank B Hu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Epidemiology, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Epidemiology, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Pope-Varsalona H, Liu FJ, Guzik L, Opresko PL. Polymerase η suppresses telomere defects induced by DNA damaging agents. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:13096-109. [PMID: 25355508 PMCID: PMC4245935 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres at chromosome ends are normally masked from proteins that signal and repair DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Bulky DNA lesions can cause DSBs if they block DNA replication, unless they are bypassed by translesion (TLS) DNA polymerases. Here, we investigated roles for TLS polymerase η, (polη) in preserving telomeres following acute physical UVC exposure and chronic chemical Cr(VI) exposure, which both induce blocking lesions. We report that polη protects against cytotoxicity and replication stress caused by Cr(VI), similar to results with ultraviolet C light (UVC). Both exposures induce ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase and polη accumulation into nuclear foci and localization to individual telomeres, consistent with replication fork stalling at DNA lesions. Polη-deficient cells exhibited greater numbers of telomeres that co-localized with DSB response proteins after exposures. Furthermore, the genotoxic exposures induced telomere aberrations associated with failures in telomere replication that were suppressed by polη. We propose that polη's ability to bypass bulky DNA lesions at telomeres is critical for proper telomere replication following genotoxic exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Pope-Varsalona
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Fu-Jun Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Lynda Guzik
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Patricia L Opresko
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Suram A, Herbig U. The replicometer is broken: telomeres activate cellular senescence in response to genotoxic stresses. Aging Cell 2014; 13:780-6. [PMID: 25040628 PMCID: PMC4331758 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres, the ends of our linear chromosomes, can function as ‘replicometers’, capable of counting cell division cycles as they progressively erode with every round of DNA replication. Once they are critically short, telomeres become dysfunctional and consequently activate a proliferative arrest called replicative senescence. For many years, telomeres were thought to be autonomous structures, largely isolated from cell intrinsic and extrinsic signals, whose function is to prevent limitless cellular proliferation, a characteristic of most cancer cells. It is becoming increasingly evident, however, that telomeres not only count cell divisions, but also function as sensors of genotoxic stresses to stop cell cycle progression prematurely and long before cells would have entered replicative senescence. This stable growth arrest, triggered by dysfunctional telomeres that are not necessarily critically short, likely evolved as a tumor-suppressing mechanism as it prevents proliferation of cells that are at risk for acquiring potentially hazardous and transforming mutations both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we review studies supporting the concept that telomeres are important cellular structures whose function not only is to count cell divisions, but also to act as molecular switches that can rapidly stop cell cycle progression permanently in response to a variety of stresses, including oncogenic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Suram
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics NJMS Cancer Center Rm G1226 Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences 205 South Orange Ave., Newark NJ 07103 USA
| | - Utz Herbig
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics NJMS Cancer Center Rm G1226 Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences 205 South Orange Ave., Newark NJ 07103 USA
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40
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Senescence induced by RECQL4 dysfunction contributes to Rothmund-Thomson syndrome features in mice. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1226. [PMID: 24832598 PMCID: PMC4047874 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence refers to irreversible growth arrest of primary eukaryotic cells, a process thought to contribute to aging-related degeneration and disease. Deficiency of RecQ helicase RECQL4 leads to Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS), and we have investigated whether senescence is involved using cellular approaches and a mouse model. We first systematically investigated whether depletion of RECQL4 and the other four human RecQ helicases, BLM, WRN, RECQL1 and RECQL5, impacts the proliferative potential of human primary fibroblasts. BLM-, WRN- and RECQL4-depleted cells display increased staining of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal), higher expression of p16INK4a or/and p21WAF1 and accumulated persistent DNA damage foci. These features were less frequent in RECQL1- and RECQL5-depleted cells. We have mapped the region in RECQL4 that prevents cellular senescence to its N-terminal region and helicase domain. We further investigated senescence features in an RTS mouse model, Recql4-deficient mice (Recql4HD). Tail fibroblasts from Recql4HD showed increased SA-β-gal staining and increased DNA damage foci. We also identified sparser tail hair and fewer blood cells in Recql4HD mice accompanied with increased senescence in tail hair follicles and in bone marrow cells. In conclusion, dysfunction of RECQL4 increases DNA damage and triggers premature senescence in both human and mouse cells, which may contribute to symptoms in RTS patients.
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Shi J, Yang XR, Ballew B, Rotunno M, Calista D, Fargnoli MC, Ghiorzo P, Bressac-de Paillerets B, Nagore E, Avril MF, Caporaso NE, McMaster ML, Cullen M, Wang Z, Zhang X, Bruno W, Pastorino L, Queirolo P, Banuls-Roca J, Garcia-Casado Z, Vaysse A, Mohamdi H, Riazalhosseini Y, Foglio M, Jouenne F, Hua X, Hyland PL, Yin J, Vallabhaneni H, Chai W, Minghetti P, Pellegrini C, Ravichandran S, Eggermont A, Lathrop M, Peris K, Scarra GB, Landi G, Savage SA, Sampson JN, He J, Yeager M, Goldin LR, Demenais F, Chanock SJ, Tucker MA, Goldstein AM, Liu Y, Landi MT. Rare missense variants in POT1 predispose to familial cutaneous malignant melanoma. Nat Genet 2014; 46:482-6. [PMID: 24686846 PMCID: PMC4056593 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although CDKN2A is the most frequent high-risk melanoma susceptibility gene, the underlying genetic factors for most melanoma-prone families remain unknown. Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified a rare variant that arose as a founder mutation in the telomere shelterin gene POT1 (chromosome 7, g.124493086C>T; p.Ser270Asn) in five unrelated melanoma-prone families from Romagna, Italy. Carriers of this variant had increased telomere lengths and numbers of fragile telomeres, suggesting that this variant perturbs telomere maintenance. Two additional rare POT1 variants were identified in all cases sequenced in two separate Italian families, one variant per family, yielding a frequency for POT1 variants comparable to that for CDKN2A mutations in this population. These variants were not found in public databases or in 2,038 genotyped Italian controls. We also identified two rare recurrent POT1 variants in US and French familial melanoma cases. Our findings suggest that POT1 is a major susceptibility gene for familial melanoma in several populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Shi
- 1] Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2]
| | - Xiaohong R Yang
- 1] Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2]
| | - Bari Ballew
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Melissa Rotunno
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Donato Calista
- Department of Dermatology, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | | | - Paola Ghiorzo
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. [2] Genetics of Rare Hereditary Cancers, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Eduardo Nagore
- 1] Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain. [2] Department of Dermatology, Universidad Católica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marie Francoise Avril
- Université Paris Descartes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary L McMaster
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Cullen
- 1] Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2] Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- 1] Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2] Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Xijun Zhang
- 1] Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2] Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - William Bruno
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. [2] Genetics of Rare Hereditary Cancers, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenza Pastorino
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. [2] Genetics of Rare Hereditary Cancers, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Queirolo
- Genetics of Rare Hereditary Cancers, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Jose Banuls-Roca
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Zaida Garcia-Casado
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amaury Vaysse
- 1] INSERM, UMR 946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, Paris, France. [2] Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - Hamida Mohamdi
- 1] INSERM, UMR 946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, Paris, France. [2] Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - Yasser Riazalhosseini
- 1] McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. [2] Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Xing Hua
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paula L Hyland
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jinhu Yin
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Haritha Vallabhaneni
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Weihang Chai
- Section of Medical Sciences, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Paola Minghetti
- Department of Dermatology, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - Cristina Pellegrini
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sarangan Ravichandran
- SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Simulation, Analysis and Mathematical Modeling Group, Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander Eggermont
- 1] Service de Génétique, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. [2] Université Paris-Sud, Kremlin Bicêtre France, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Mark Lathrop
- 1] McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. [2] Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. [3] Fondation Jean Dausset-Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, France
| | - Ketty Peris
- Department of Dermatology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Landi
- Department of Dermatology, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ji He
- 1] Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2] Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- 1] Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2] Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Lynn R Goldin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Florence Demenais
- 1] INSERM, UMR 946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, Paris, France. [2] Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Margaret A Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yie Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- 1] Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2]
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Abstract
This perspective reviews the many dimensions of base excision repair from a 10,000 foot vantage point and provides one person's view on where the field is headed. Enzyme function is considered under the lens of X-ray diffraction and single molecule studies. Base excision repair in chromatin and telomeres, regulation of expression and the role of posttranslational modifications are also discussed in the context of enzyme activities, cellular localization and interacting partners. The specialized roles that base excision repair play in transcriptional activation by active demethylation and targeted oxidation as well as how base excision repair functions in the immune processes of somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination and its possible involvement in retroviral infection are also discussed. Finally the complexities of oxidative damage and its repair and its link to neurodegenerative disorders, as well as the role of base excision repair as a tumor suppressor are examined in the context of damage, repair and aging. By outlining the many base excision repair-related mysteries that have yet to be unraveled, hopefully this perspective will stimulate further interest in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan S Wallace
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Markey Center for Molecular Genetics, The University of Vermont, 95 Carrigan Drive, Stafford Hall, Burlington, VT 05405-0084, USA.
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43
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Li M, Völker J, Breslauer KJ, Wilson DM. APE1 incision activity at abasic sites in tandem repeat sequences. J Mol Biol 2014; 426:2183-98. [PMID: 24703901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive DNA sequences, such as those present in microsatellites and minisatellites, telomeres, and trinucleotide repeats (linked to fragile X syndrome, Huntington disease, etc.), account for nearly 30% of the human genome. These domains exhibit enhanced susceptibility to oxidative attack to yield base modifications, strand breaks, and abasic sites; have a propensity to adopt non-canonical DNA forms modulated by the positions of the lesions; and, when not properly processed, can contribute to genome instability that underlies aging and disease development. Knowledge on the repair efficiencies of DNA damage within such repetitive sequences is therefore crucial for understanding the impact of such domains on genomic integrity. In the present study, using strategically designed oligonucleotide substrates, we determined the ability of human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) to cleave at apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites in a collection of tandem DNA repeat landscapes involving telomeric and CAG/CTG repeat sequences. Our studies reveal the differential influence of domain sequence, conformation, and AP site location/relative positioning on the efficiency of APE1 binding and strand incision. Intriguingly, our data demonstrate that APE1 endonuclease efficiency correlates with the thermodynamic stability of the DNA substrate. We discuss how these results have both predictive and mechanistic consequences for understanding the success and failure of repair protein activity associated with such oxidatively sensitive, conformationally plastic/dynamic repetitive DNA domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jens Völker
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kenneth J Breslauer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - David M Wilson
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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44
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Tigges J, Krutmann J, Fritsche E, Haendeler J, Schaal H, Fischer JW, Kalfalah F, Reinke H, Reifenberger G, Stühler K, Ventura N, Gundermann S, Boukamp P, Boege F. The hallmarks of fibroblast ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2014; 138:26-44. [PMID: 24686308 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is influenced by the intrinsic disposition delineating what is maximally possible and extrinsic factors determining how that frame is individually exploited. Intrinsic and extrinsic ageing processes act on the dermis, a post-mitotic skin compartment mainly consisting of extracellular matrix and fibroblasts. Dermal fibroblasts are long-lived cells constantly undergoing damage accumulation and (mal-)adaptation, thus constituting a powerful indicator system for human ageing. Here, we use the systematic of ubiquitous hallmarks of ageing (Lopez-Otin et al., 2013, Cell 153) to categorise the available knowledge regarding dermal fibroblast ageing. We discriminate processes inducible in culture from phenomena apparent in skin biopsies or primary cells from old donors, coming to the following conclusions: (i) Fibroblasts aged in culture exhibit most of the established, ubiquitous hallmarks of ageing. (ii) Not all of these hallmarks have been detected or investigated in fibroblasts aged in situ (in the skin). (iii) Dermal fibroblasts aged in vitro and in vivo exhibit additional features currently not considered ubiquitous hallmarks of ageing. (iv) The ageing process of dermal fibroblasts in their physiological tissue environment has only been partially elucidated, although these cells have been a preferred model of cell ageing in vitro for decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Tigges
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean Krutmann
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ellen Fritsche
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Judith Haendeler
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heiner Schaal
- Center for Microbiology and Virology, Institute of Virology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Faiza Kalfalah
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans Reinke
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany; Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Centre for Biological and Medical Research (BMFZ), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Natascia Ventura
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Petra Boukamp
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fritz Boege
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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