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De León-Rodríguez SG, Aguilar-Flores C, Gajón JA, Juárez-Flores Á, Mantilla A, Gerson-Cwilich R, Martínez-Herrera JF, Villegas-Osorno DA, Gutiérrez-Quiroz CT, Buenaventura-Cisneros S, Sánchez-Prieto MA, Castelán-Maldonado E, Rivera Rivera S, Fuentes-Pananá EM, Bonifaz LC. TCF1-positive and TCF1-negative TRM CD8 T cell subsets and cDC1s orchestrate melanoma protection and immunotherapy response. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008739. [PMID: 38969523 PMCID: PMC11227852 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma, the most lethal form of skin cancer, has undergone a transformative treatment shift with the advent of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy (CBI). Understanding the intricate network of immune cells infiltrating the tumor and orchestrating the control of melanoma cells and the response to CBI is currently of utmost importance. There is evidence underscoring the significance of tissue-resident memory (TRM) CD8 T cells and classic dendritic cell type 1 (cDC1) in cancer protection. Transcriptomic studies also support the existence of a TCF7+ (encoding TCF1) T cell as the most important for immunotherapy response, although uncertainty exists about whether there is a TCF1+TRM T cell due to evidence indicating TCF1 downregulation for tissue residency activation. METHODS We used multiplexed immunofluorescence and spectral flow cytometry to evaluate TRM CD8 T cells and cDC1 in two melanoma patient cohorts: one immunotherapy-naive and the other receiving immunotherapy. The first cohort was divided between patients free of disease or with metastasis 2 years postdiagnosis while the second between CBI responders and non-responders. RESULTS Our study identifies two CD8+TRM subsets, TCF1+ and TCF1-, correlating with melanoma protection. TCF1+TRM cells show heightened expression of IFN-γ and Ki67 while TCF1- TRM cells exhibit increased expression of cytotoxic molecules. In metastatic patients, TRM subsets undergo a shift in marker expression, with the TCF1- subset displaying increased expression of exhaustion markers. We observed a close spatial correlation between cDC1s and TRMs, with TCF1+TRM/cDC1 pairs enriched in the stroma and TCF1- TRM/cDC1 pairs in tumor areas. Notably, these TCF1- TRMs express cytotoxic molecules and are associated with apoptotic melanoma cells. Both TCF1+ and TCF1- TRM subsets, alongside cDC1, prove relevant to CBI response. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports the importance of TRM CD8 T cells and cDC1 in melanoma protection while also highlighting the existence of functionally distinctive TCF1+ and TCF1- TRM subsets, both crucial for melanoma control and CBI response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraí G De León-Rodríguez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Cristina Aguilar-Flores
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Julián A Gajón
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Facultad de Química, Universad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ángel Juárez-Flores
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigación en Virología y Cáncer, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Mantilla
- Servicio de Patología, Hospital de Oncología Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - José Fabián Martínez-Herrera
- Medical Center American British Cowdray, Mexico City, Mexico
- Latin American Network for Cancer Research (LAN-CANCER), Lima, Peru
| | | | - Claudia T Gutiérrez-Quiroz
- UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional General Manuel Avila Camacho, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - Mario Alberto Sánchez-Prieto
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad No.25, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- División de Atención Oncológica en Adultos. Coordinación de Atención Oncológica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Edmundo Castelán-Maldonado
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad No.25, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Samuel Rivera Rivera
- Medical Center American British Cowdray, Mexico City, Mexico
- División de Atención Oncológica en Adultos. Coordinación de Atención Oncológica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ezequiel M Fuentes-Pananá
- Unidad de Investigación en Virología y Cáncer, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura C Bonifaz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- Coordinación de investigación en salud, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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Yu M, Qin K, Fan J, Zhao G, Zhao P, Zeng W, Chen C, Wang A, Wang Y, Zhong J, Zhu Y, Wagstaff W, Haydon RC, Luu HH, Ho S, Lee MJ, Strelzow J, Reid RR, He TC. The evolving roles of Wnt signaling in stem cell proliferation and differentiation, the development of human diseases, and therapeutic opportunities. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101026. [PMID: 38292186 PMCID: PMC10825312 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved Wnt signaling pathway plays a central role in development and adult tissue homeostasis across species. Wnt proteins are secreted, lipid-modified signaling molecules that activate the canonical (β-catenin dependent) and non-canonical (β-catenin independent) Wnt signaling pathways. Cellular behaviors such as proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and proper body-axis specification are carried out by the canonical pathway, which is the best characterized of the known Wnt signaling paths. Wnt signaling has emerged as an important factor in stem cell biology and is known to affect the self-renewal of stem cells in various tissues. This includes but is not limited to embryonic, hematopoietic, mesenchymal, gut, neural, and epidermal stem cells. Wnt signaling has also been implicated in tumor cells that exhibit stem cell-like properties. Wnt signaling is crucial for bone formation and presents a potential target for the development of therapeutics for bone disorders. Not surprisingly, aberrant Wnt signaling is also associated with a wide variety of diseases, including cancer. Mutations of Wnt pathway members in cancer can lead to unchecked cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis. Altogether, advances in the understanding of dysregulated Wnt signaling in disease have paved the way for the development of novel therapeutics that target components of the Wnt pathway. Beginning with a brief overview of the mechanisms of canonical and non-canonical Wnt, this review aims to summarize the current knowledge of Wnt signaling in stem cells, aberrations to the Wnt pathway associated with diseases, and novel therapeutics targeting the Wnt pathway in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yu
- School of Medicine, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kevin Qin
- School of Medicine, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jiaming Fan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guozhi Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Piao Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Neurology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523475, China
| | - Connie Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Annie Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Jiamin Zhong
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - William Wagstaff
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sherwin Ho
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael J. Lee
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jason Strelzow
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Russell R. Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Suture Biology and Development, Department of Surgery Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Suture Biology and Development, Department of Surgery Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Lu X, Mao J, Qian C, Lei H, Mu F, Sun H, Yan S, Fang Z, Lu J, Xu Q, Dong J, Su D, Wang J, Jin N, Chen S, Wang X. High estrogen during ovarian stimulation induced loss of maternal imprinted methylation that is essential for placental development via overexpression of TET2 in mouse oocytes. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:135. [PMID: 38374066 PMCID: PMC10875811 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian stimulation (OS) during assisted reproductive technology (ART) appears to be an independent factor influencing the risk of low birth weight (LBW). Previous studies identified the association between LBW and placenta deterioration, potentially resulting from disturbed genomic DNA methylation in oocytes caused by OS. However, the mechanisms by which OS leads to aberrant DNA methylation patterns in oocytes remains unclear. METHODS Mouse oocytes and mouse parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells (pESCs) were used to investigate the roles of OS in oocyte DNA methylation. Global 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) levels were evaluated using immunofluorescence or colorimetry. Genome-wide DNA methylation was quantified using an Agilent SureSelectXT mouse Methyl-Seq. The DNA methylation status of mesoderm-specific transcript homologue (Mest) promoter region was analyzed using bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction (BSP). The regulatory network between estrogen receptor alpha (ERα, ESR1) and DNA methylation status of Mest promoter region was further detected following the knockdown of ERα or ten-eleven translocation 2 (Tet2). RESULTS OS resulted in a significant decrease in global 5mC levels and an increase in global 5hmC levels in oocytes. Further investigation revealed that supraphysiological β-estradiol (E2) during OS induced a notable decrease in DNA 5mC and an increase in 5hmC in both oocytes and pESCs of mice, whereas inhibition of estrogen signaling abolished such induction. Moreover, Tet2 may be a direct transcriptional target gene of ERα, and through the ERα-TET2 axis, supraphysiological E2 resulted in the reduced global levels of DNA 5mC. Furthermore, we identified that MEST, a maternal imprinted gene essential for placental development, lost its imprinted methylation in parthenogenetic placentas originating from OS, and ERα and TET2 combined together to form a protein complex that may promote Mest demethylation. CONCLUSIONS In this study, a possible mechanism of loss of DNA methylation in oocyte caused by OS was revealed, which may help increase safety and reduce epigenetic abnormalities in ART procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Lu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No.1, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jiaqin Mao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No.1, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chenxi Qian
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No.1, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hui Lei
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No.1, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fei Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No.1, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Song Yan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No.1, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No.1, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No.1, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No.1, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No.1, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Danjie Su
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No.1, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No.1, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ni Jin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No.1, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shuqiang Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No.1, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No.1, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Chui JS, Izuel‐Idoype T, Qualizza A, de Almeida RP, Piessens L, van der Veer BK, Vanmarcke G, Malesa A, Athanasouli P, Boon R, Vriens J, van Grunsven L, Koh KP, Verfaillie CM, Lluis F. Osmolar Modulation Drives Reversible Cell Cycle Exit and Human Pluripotent Cell Differentiation via NF-κВ and WNT Signaling. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307554. [PMID: 38037844 PMCID: PMC10870039 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Terminally differentiated cells are commonly regarded as the most stable cell state in adult organisms, characterized by growth arrest while fulfilling their specialized functions. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in promoting cell cycle exit will improve the ability to differentiate pluripotent cells into mature tissues for both pharmacological and therapeutic use. Here, it demonstrates that a hyperosmolar environment enforces a protective p53-independent quiescent state in immature hepatoma cells and in pluripotent stem cell-derived models of human hepatocytes and endothelial cells. Prolonged culture in hyperosmolar conditions stimulates changes in gene expression promoting functional cell maturation. Interestingly, hyperosmolar conditions do not only trigger growth arrest and cellular maturation but are also necessary to maintain this maturated state, as switching back to plasma osmolarity reverses the changes in expression of maturation and proliferative markers. Transcriptome analysis revealed sequential stages of osmolarity-regulated growth arrest followed by cell maturation, mediated by activation of NF-κВ, and repression of WNT signaling, respectively. This study reveals that a modulated increase in osmolarity serves as a biochemical signal to promote long-term growth arrest and cellular maturation into different lineages, providing a practical method to generate differentiated hiPSCs that resemble their mature counterpart more closely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Sai‐Hong Chui
- KU LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationStem Cell InstituteHerestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Teresa Izuel‐Idoype
- KU LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationStem Cell InstituteHerestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Alessandra Qualizza
- KU LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationStem Cell InstituteHerestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Rita Pires de Almeida
- KU LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationStem Cell InstituteHerestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Lindsey Piessens
- KU LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationStem Cell InstituteHerestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Bernard K. van der Veer
- KU LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationStem Cell InstituteHerestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Gert Vanmarcke
- KU LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationStem Cell InstituteHerestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Aneta Malesa
- KU LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationStem Cell InstituteHerestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Paraskevi Athanasouli
- KU LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationStem Cell InstituteHerestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Ruben Boon
- KU LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationStem Cell InstituteHerestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Joris Vriens
- Laboratory of Endometrium, Endometriosis and Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Development and RegenerationKU LeuvenHerestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Leo van Grunsven
- Liver Cell Biology Research GroupVrije Universiteit BrusselLaarbeeklaan 103Brussels1090Belgium
| | - Kian Peng Koh
- KU LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationStem Cell InstituteHerestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Catherine M. Verfaillie
- KU LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationStem Cell InstituteHerestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Frederic Lluis
- KU LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationStem Cell InstituteHerestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
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Di Vona C, Barba L, Ferrari R, de la Luna S. Loss of the DYRK1A Protein Kinase Results in the Reduction in Ribosomal Protein Gene Expression, Ribosome Mass and Reduced Translation. Biomolecules 2023; 14:31. [PMID: 38254631 PMCID: PMC10813206 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal proteins (RPs) are evolutionary conserved proteins that are essential for protein translation. RP expression must be tightly regulated to ensure the appropriate assembly of ribosomes and to respond to the growth demands of cells. The elements regulating the transcription of RP genes (RPGs) have been characterized in yeast and Drosophila, yet how cells regulate the production of RPs in mammals is less well understood. Here, we show that a subset of RPG promoters is characterized by the presence of the palindromic TCTCGCGAGA motif and marked by the recruitment of the protein kinase DYRK1A. The presence of DYRK1A at these promoters is associated with the enhanced binding of the TATA-binding protein, TBP, and it is negatively correlated with the binding of the GABP transcription factor, establishing at least two clusters of RPGs that could be coordinately regulated. However, DYRK1A silencing leads to a global reduction in RPGs mRNAs, pointing at DYRK1A activities beyond those dependent on its chromatin association. Significantly, cells in which DYRK1A is depleted have reduced RP levels, fewer ribosomes, reduced global protein synthesis and a smaller size. We therefore propose a novel role for DYRK1A in coordinating the expression of genes encoding RPs, thereby controlling cell growth in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Di Vona
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Barba
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Ferrari
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 23/A, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Susana de la Luna
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Podinić T, Werstuck G, Raha S. The Implications of Cannabinoid-Induced Metabolic Dysregulation for Cellular Differentiation and Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11003. [PMID: 37446181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) governs and coordinates several physiological processes through an integrated signaling network, which is responsible for inducing appropriate intracellular metabolic signaling cascades in response to (endo)cannabinoid stimulation. This intricate cellular system ensures the proper functioning of the immune, reproductive, and nervous systems and is involved in the regulation of appetite, memory, metabolism, and development. Cannabinoid receptors have been observed on both cellular and mitochondrial membranes in several tissues and are stimulated by various classes of cannabinoids, rendering the ECS highly versatile. In the context of growth and development, emerging evidence suggests a crucial role for the ECS in cellular growth and differentiation. Indeed, cannabinoids have the potential to disrupt key energy-sensing metabolic signaling pathways requiring mitochondrial-ER crosstalk, whose functioning is essential for successful cellular growth and differentiation. This review aims to explore the extent of cannabinoid-induced cellular dysregulation and its implications for cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Podinić
- The Department of Pediatrics and the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Geoff Werstuck
- Department of Medicine and the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, David Braley Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - Sandeep Raha
- The Department of Pediatrics and the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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Athanasouli P, Balli M, De Jaime-Soguero A, Boel A, Papanikolaou S, van der Veer BK, Janiszewski A, Vanhessche T, Francis A, El Laithy Y, Nigro AL, Aulicino F, Koh KP, Pasque V, Cosma MP, Verfaillie C, Zwijsen A, Heindryckx B, Nikolaou C, Lluis F. The Wnt/TCF7L1 transcriptional repressor axis drives primitive endoderm formation by antagonizing naive and formative pluripotency. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1210. [PMID: 36869101 PMCID: PMC9984534 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36914-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Early during preimplantation development and in heterogeneous mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) culture, pluripotent cells are specified towards either the primed epiblast or the primitive endoderm (PE) lineage. Canonical Wnt signaling is crucial for safeguarding naive pluripotency and embryo implantation, yet the role and relevance of canonical Wnt inhibition during early mammalian development remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that transcriptional repression exerted by Wnt/TCF7L1 promotes PE differentiation of mESCs and in preimplantation inner cell mass. Time-series RNA sequencing and promoter occupancy data reveal that TCF7L1 binds and represses genes encoding essential naive pluripotency factors and indispensable regulators of the formative pluripotency program, including Otx2 and Lef1. Consequently, TCF7L1 promotes pluripotency exit and suppresses epiblast lineage formation, thereby driving cells into PE specification. Conversely, TCF7L1 is required for PE specification as deletion of Tcf7l1 abrogates PE differentiation without restraining epiblast priming. Taken together, our study underscores the importance of transcriptional Wnt inhibition in regulating lineage specification in ESCs and preimplantation embryo development as well as identifies TCF7L1 as key regulator of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Athanasouli
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martina Balli
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anchel De Jaime-Soguero
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Annekatrien Boel
- Ghent-Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Department for Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University Hospital, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofia Papanikolaou
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Greece.,Computational Genomics Group, Institute of Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Athens, Greece
| | - Bernard K van der Veer
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Janiszewski
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tijs Vanhessche
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annick Francis
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Youssef El Laithy
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antonio Lo Nigro
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesco Aulicino
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kian Peng Koh
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Pasque
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven Institute for Single-Cell Omics (LISCO), 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Pia Cosma
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Catherine Verfaillie
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Zwijsen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Björn Heindryckx
- Ghent-Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Department for Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University Hospital, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christoforos Nikolaou
- Computational Genomics Group, Institute of Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Athens, Greece
| | - Frederic Lluis
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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8
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Furlan G, Huyghe A, Combémorel N, Lavial F. Molecular versatility during pluripotency progression. Nat Commun 2023; 14:68. [PMID: 36604434 PMCID: PMC9814743 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A challenge during development is to ensure lineage segregation while preserving plasticity. Using pluripotency progression as a paradigm, we review how developmental transitions are coordinated by redeployments, rather than global resettings, of cellular components. We highlight how changes in response to extrinsic cues (FGF, WNT, Activin/Nodal, Netrin-1), context- and stoichiometry-dependent action of transcription factors (Oct4, Nanog) and reconfigurations of epigenetic regulators (enhancers, promoters, TrxG, PRC) may confer robustness to naïve to primed pluripotency transition. We propose the notion of Molecular Versatility to regroup mechanisms by which molecules are repurposed to exert different, sometimes opposite, functions in close stem cell configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Furlan
- Cellular reprogramming, stem cells and oncogenesis laboratory - Equipe labellisée La Ligue Contre le Cancer - LabEx Dev2Can - Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, 69008, France.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aurélia Huyghe
- Cellular reprogramming, stem cells and oncogenesis laboratory - Equipe labellisée La Ligue Contre le Cancer - LabEx Dev2Can - Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Noémie Combémorel
- Cellular reprogramming, stem cells and oncogenesis laboratory - Equipe labellisée La Ligue Contre le Cancer - LabEx Dev2Can - Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Fabrice Lavial
- Cellular reprogramming, stem cells and oncogenesis laboratory - Equipe labellisée La Ligue Contre le Cancer - LabEx Dev2Can - Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, 69008, France.
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9
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García‐Hernández V, Arambilet D, Guillén Y, Lobo‐Jarne T, Maqueda M, Gekas C, González J, Iglesias A, Vega‐García N, Sentís I, Trincado JL, Márquez‐López I, Heyn H, Camós M, Espinosa L, Bigas A. β-Catenin activity induces an RNA biosynthesis program promoting therapy resistance in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16554. [PMID: 36597789 PMCID: PMC9906382 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the appearance of chemotherapy resistant cell populations is necessary to improve cancer treatment. We have now investigated the role of β-catenin/CTNNB1 in the evolution of T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL) patients and its involvement in therapy resistance. We have identified a specific gene signature that is directly regulated by β-catenin, TCF/LEF factors and ZBTB33/Kaiso in T-ALL cell lines, which is highly and significantly represented in five out of six refractory patients from a cohort of 40 children with T-ALL. By subsequent refinement of this gene signature, we found that a subset of β-catenin target genes involved with RNA-processing function are sufficient to segregate T-ALL refractory patients in three independent cohorts. We demonstrate the implication of β-catenin in RNA and protein synthesis in T-ALL and provide in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence that β-catenin is crucial for the cellular response to chemotherapy, mainly in the cellular recovery phase after treatment. We propose that combination treatments involving chemotherapy plus β-catenin inhibitors will enhance chemotherapy response and prevent disease relapse in T-ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta García‐Hernández
- Program in Cancer ResearchInstitut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), CIBERONCBarcelonaSpain
| | - David Arambilet
- Program in Cancer ResearchInstitut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), CIBERONCBarcelonaSpain
| | - Yolanda Guillén
- Program in Cancer ResearchInstitut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), CIBERONCBarcelonaSpain
| | - Teresa Lobo‐Jarne
- Program in Cancer ResearchInstitut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), CIBERONCBarcelonaSpain
| | - María Maqueda
- Program in Cancer ResearchInstitut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), CIBERONCBarcelonaSpain
| | - Christos Gekas
- Program in Cancer ResearchInstitut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), CIBERONCBarcelonaSpain
| | - Jessica González
- Program in Cancer ResearchInstitut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), CIBERONCBarcelonaSpain
| | - Arnau Iglesias
- Program in Cancer ResearchInstitut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), CIBERONCBarcelonaSpain
| | - Nerea Vega‐García
- Hematology LaboratoryHospital Sant Joan de Déu BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Developmental Tumor Biology Group, Leukemia and Other Pediatric HemopathiesInstitut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERERBarcelonaSpain
| | - Inés Sentís
- CNAG‐CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Juan L Trincado
- CNAG‐CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Ian Márquez‐López
- Program in Cancer ResearchInstitut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), CIBERONCBarcelonaSpain
| | - Holger Heyn
- CNAG‐CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Mireia Camós
- Hematology LaboratoryHospital Sant Joan de Déu BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Developmental Tumor Biology Group, Leukemia and Other Pediatric HemopathiesInstitut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERERBarcelonaSpain
| | - Lluis Espinosa
- Program in Cancer ResearchInstitut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), CIBERONCBarcelonaSpain
| | - Anna Bigas
- Program in Cancer ResearchInstitut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), CIBERONCBarcelonaSpain,Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC)BarcelonaSpain
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10
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6-Bromoindirubin-3′-Oxime Regulates Colony Formation, Apoptosis, and Odonto/Osteogenic Differentiation in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158676. [PMID: 35955809 PMCID: PMC9368902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
6-bromoindirubin-3′-oxime (BIO) is a candidate small molecule that effectively modulates Wnt signalling owing to its stable property. The present study investigated the influence of BIO on the odonto/osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). hDPSCs were treated with 200, 400, or 800 nM BIO, and the effects on hDPSC responses and osteogenic differentiation were assessed. BIO-mediated Wnt activation was confirmed by β-catenin nuclear translocation detected by immunofluorescence staining. BIO attenuated colony formation and cell migration determined by in vitro wound-healing assay. BIO increased early apoptotic cell population evaluated using flow cytometry. For osteogenic induction, BIO promoted alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralisation in a dose-dependent manner. ALP, RUNX2, OCN, OSX, ANKH, DMP1, and DSPP mRNA expression were significantly upregulated. The OPG/RANKL expression ratio was also increased. Further, BIO attenuated adipogenic differentiation as demonstrated by decreased lipid accumulation and adipogenic-related gene expression. Bioinformatic analysis of RNA sequencing data from the BIO-treated hDPSCs revealed that BIO modulated pathways related to autophagy and actin cytoskeleton regulation. These findings demonstrated that BIO treatment promoted hDPSC osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, this small molecule is a strong candidate as a bioactive molecule to enhance dentin repair.
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11
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Aulicino F, Pelosse M, Toelzer C, Capin J, Ilegems E, Meysami P, Rollarson R, Berggren PO, Dillingham MS, Schaffitzel C, Saleem MA, Welsh GI, Berger I. Highly efficient CRISPR-mediated large DNA docking and multiplexed prime editing using a single baculovirus. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:7783-7799. [PMID: 35801912 PMCID: PMC9303279 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-based precise gene-editing requires simultaneous delivery of multiple components into living cells, rapidly exceeding the cargo capacity of traditional viral vector systems. This challenge represents a major roadblock to genome engineering applications. Here we exploit the unmatched heterologous DNA cargo capacity of baculovirus to resolve this bottleneck in human cells. By encoding Cas9, sgRNA and Donor DNAs on a single, rapidly assembled baculoviral vector, we achieve with up to 30% efficacy whole-exon replacement in the intronic β-actin (ACTB) locus, including site-specific docking of very large DNA payloads. We use our approach to rescue wild-type podocin expression in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) patient derived podocytes. We demonstrate single baculovirus vectored delivery of single and multiplexed prime-editing toolkits, achieving up to 100% cleavage-free DNA search-and-replace interventions without detectable indels. Taken together, we provide a versatile delivery platform for single base to multi-gene level genome interventions, addressing the currently unmet need for a powerful delivery system accommodating current and future CRISPR technologies without the burden of limited cargo capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Aulicino
- BrisSynBio Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre, Biomedical Sciences, School of Biochemistry, 1 Tankard's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Martin Pelosse
- BrisSynBio Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre, Biomedical Sciences, School of Biochemistry, 1 Tankard's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Christine Toelzer
- BrisSynBio Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre, Biomedical Sciences, School of Biochemistry, 1 Tankard's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Julien Capin
- BrisSynBio Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre, Biomedical Sciences, School of Biochemistry, 1 Tankard's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Erwin Ilegems
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Parisa Meysami
- BrisSynBio Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre, Biomedical Sciences, School of Biochemistry, 1 Tankard's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Ruth Rollarson
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark Simon Dillingham
- BrisSynBio Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre, Biomedical Sciences, School of Biochemistry, 1 Tankard's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Christiane Schaffitzel
- BrisSynBio Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre, Biomedical Sciences, School of Biochemistry, 1 Tankard's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Moin A Saleem
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Gavin I Welsh
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Imre Berger
- BrisSynBio Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre, Biomedical Sciences, School of Biochemistry, 1 Tankard's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.,Max Planck Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
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12
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Wagner KD, Wagner N. The Senescence Markers p16INK4A, p14ARF/p19ARF, and p21 in Organ Development and Homeostasis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121966. [PMID: 35741095 PMCID: PMC9221567 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that senescent cells accumulate with aging. They are characterized by replicative arrest and the release of a myriad of factors commonly called the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Despite the replicative cell cycle arrest, these cells are metabolically active and functional. The release of SASP factors is mostly thought to cause tissue dysfunction and to induce senescence in surrounding cells. As major markers for aging and senescence, p16INK4, p14ARF/p19ARF, and p21 are established. Importantly, senescence is also implicated in development, cancer, and tissue homeostasis. While many markers of senescence have been identified, none are able to unambiguously identify all senescent cells. However, increased levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p16INK4A and p21 are often used to identify cells with senescence-associated phenotypes. We review here the knowledge of senescence, p16INK4A, p14ARF/p19ARF, and p21 in embryonic and postnatal development and potential functions in pathophysiology and homeostasis. The establishment of senolytic therapies with the ultimate goal to improve healthy aging requires care and detailed knowledge about the involvement of senescence and senescence-associated proteins in developmental processes and homeostatic mechanism. The review contributes to these topics, summarizes open questions, and provides some directions for future research.
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13
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Abreu de Oliveira WA, El Laithy Y, Bruna A, Annibali D, Lluis F. Wnt Signaling in the Breast: From Development to Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:884467. [PMID: 35663403 PMCID: PMC9157790 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.884467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt cascade is a primordial developmental signaling pathway that plays a myriad of essential functions throughout development and adult homeostasis in virtually all animal species. Aberrant Wnt activity is implicated in embryonic and tissue morphogenesis defects, and several diseases, most notably cancer. The role of Wnt signaling in mammary gland development and breast cancer initiation, maintenance, and progression is far from being completely understood and is rather shrouded in controversy. In this review, we dissect the fundamental role of Wnt signaling in mammary gland development and adult homeostasis and explore how defects in its tightly regulated and intricated molecular network are interlinked with cancer, with a focus on the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy Antoni Abreu de Oliveira
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Willy Antoni Abreu de Oliveira, ; Frederic Lluis,
| | - Youssef El Laithy
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alejandra Bruna
- Centre for Paediatric Oncology Experimental Medicine, Centre for Cancer Evolution, Molecular Pathology Division, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Annibali
- Department of Oncology, Gynecological Oncology Laboratory, Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frederic Lluis
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Willy Antoni Abreu de Oliveira, ; Frederic Lluis,
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14
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Pedone E, Failli M, Gambardella G, De Cegli R, La Regina A, di Bernardo D, Marucci L. β-catenin perturbations control differentiation programs in mouse embryonic stem cells. iScience 2022; 25:103756. [PMID: 35128356 PMCID: PMC8804270 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved in development, cancer, and embryonic stem cell (ESC) maintenance; its dual role in stem cell self-renewal and differentiation is still controversial. Here, by applying an in vitro system enabling inducible gene expression control, we report that moderate induction of transcriptionally active exogenous β-catenin in β-catenin null mouse ESCs promotes epiblast-like cell (EpiLC) derivation in vitro. Instead, in wild-type cells, moderate chemical pre-activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway promotes EpiLC in vitro derivation. Finally, we suggest that moderate β-catenin levels in β-catenin null mouse ESCs favor early stem cell commitment toward mesoderm if the exogenous protein is induced only in the “ground state” of pluripotency condition, or endoderm if the induction is maintained during the differentiation. Overall, our results confirm previous findings about the role of β-catenin in pluripotency and differentiation, while indicating a role for its doses in promoting specific differentiation programs. Moderate β-catenin levels promote EpiLCs derivation in vitro Chemical pre-activation of the Wnt pathway enhances ESC-EpiLC transition β-catenin overexpression tips the balance between mesoderm and endoderm Cell fate is influenced by the extent of β-catenin induction
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15
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Ter Huurne M, Stunnenberg HG. G1-phase progression in pluripotent stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4507-4519. [PMID: 33884444 PMCID: PMC8195903 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03797-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
During early embryonic development both the rapid increase in cell number and the expression of genes that control developmental decisions are tightly regulated. Accumulating evidence has indicated that these two seemingly independent processes are mechanistically intertwined. The picture that emerges from studies on the cell cycle of embryonic stem cells is one in which proteins that promote cell cycle progression prevent differentiation and vice versa. Here, we review which transcription factors and signalling pathways play a role in both maintenance of pluripotency as well as cell cycle progression. We will not only describe the mechanism behind their function but also discuss the role of these regulators in different states of mouse pluripotency. Finally, we elaborate on how canonical cell cycle regulators impact on the molecular networks that control the maintenance of pluripotency and lineage specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menno Ter Huurne
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Rd, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Hendrik G Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Princess Maxima Centre for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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16
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Non-Canonical Functions of the ARF Tumor Suppressor in Development and Tumorigenesis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010086. [PMID: 33445626 PMCID: PMC7827855 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
P14ARF (ARF; Alternative Reading Frame) is an extensively characterized tumor suppressor which, in response to oncogenic stimuli, mediates cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via p53-dependent and independent routes. ARF has been shown to be frequently lost through CpG island promoter methylation in a wide spectrum of human malignancies, such as colorectal, prostate, breast, and gastric cancers, while point mutations and deletions in the p14ARF locus have been linked with various forms of melanomas and glioblastomas. Although ARF has been mostly studied in the context of tumorigenesis, it has been also implicated in purely developmental processes, such as spermatogenesis, and mammary gland and ocular development, while it has been additionally involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. Moreover, ARF has been found to hold important roles in stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. As is often the case with tumor suppressors, ARF functions as a pleiotropic protein regulating a number of different mechanisms at the crossroad of development and tumorigenesis. Here, we provide an overview of the non-canonical functions of ARF in cancer and developmental biology, by dissecting the crosstalk of ARF signaling with key oncogenic and developmental pathways.
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17
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Aulicino F, Pedone E, Sottile F, Lluis F, Marucci L, Cosma MP. Canonical Wnt Pathway Controls mESC Self-Renewal Through Inhibition of Spontaneous Differentiation via β-Catenin/TCF/LEF Functions. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:646-661. [PMID: 32822589 PMCID: PMC7486219 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is a key regulator of embryonic stem cell (ESC) self-renewal and differentiation. Constitutive activation of this pathway has been shown to increase mouse ESC (mESC) self-renewal and pluripotency gene expression. In this study, we generated a novel β-catenin knockout model in mESCs to delete putatively functional N-terminally truncated isoforms observed in previous knockout models. We showed that aberrant N-terminally truncated isoforms are not functional in mESCs. In the generated knockout line, we observed that canonical Wnt signaling is not active, as β-catenin ablation does not alter mESC transcriptional profile in serum/LIF culture conditions. In addition, we observed that Wnt signaling activation represses mESC spontaneous differentiation in a β-catenin-dependent manner. Finally, β-catenin (ΔC) isoforms can rescue β-catenin knockout self-renewal defects in mESCs cultured in serum-free medium and, albeit transcriptionally silent, cooperate with TCF1 and LEF1 to inhibit mESC spontaneous differentiation in a GSK3-dependent manner. N-terminally truncated β-catenin isoforms are produced in mESCs upon inducible knockout β-Catenin is fully deleted upon CRISPR/Cas9 whole-gene knockout Wnt/β-catenin prevents differentiation without affecting pluripotency genes β-Catenin/TCF/LEF functions are required to prevent spontaneous differentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Aulicino
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Elisa Pedone
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK
| | - Francesco Sottile
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frederic Lluis
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, 300 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucia Marucci
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK
| | - Maria Pia Cosma
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou 510005, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510530, China.
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18
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Adipose tissue in health and disease through the lens of its building blocks. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10433. [PMID: 32591560 PMCID: PMC7319996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding adipose tissue cellular heterogeneity and homeostasis is essential to comprehend the cell type dynamics in metabolic diseases. Cellular subpopulations in the adipose tissue have been related to disease development, but efforts towards characterizing the adipose tissue cell type composition are limited. Here, we identify the cell type composition of the adipose tissue by using gene expression deconvolution of large amounts of publicly available transcriptomics level data. The proposed approach allows to present a comprehensive study of adipose tissue cell type composition, determining the relative amounts of 21 different cell types in 1282 adipose tissue samples detailing differences across four adipose tissue depots, between genders, across ranges of BMI and in different stages of type-2 diabetes. We compare our results to previous marker-based studies by conducting a literature review of adipose tissue cell type composition and propose candidate cellular markers to distinguish different cell types within the adipose tissue. This analysis reveals gender-specific differences in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets; identifies adipose tissue as rich source of multipotent stem/stromal cells; and highlights a strongly increased immune cell content in epicardial and pericardial adipose tissue compared to subcutaneous and omental depots. Overall, this systematic analysis provides comprehensive insights into adipose tissue cell-type heterogeneity in health and disease.
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Sasaki B, Uemoto S, Kawaguchi Y. Transient FOXO1 inhibition in pancreatic endoderm promotes the generation of NGN3+ endocrine precursors from human iPSCs. Stem Cell Res 2020; 44:101754. [PMID: 32179491 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the multi-step differentiation protocol used to generate pancreatic endocrine cells from human pluripotent stem cells, the induction of NGN3+ endocrine precursors from the PDX1+/NKX6.1+ pancreatic endoderm is crucial for efficient endocrine cell production. Here, we demonstrate that transient, not prolonged FOXO1 inhibition results in enhanced NGN3+ endocrine precursors and hormone-producing cell production. FOXO1 inhibition does not directly induce NGN3 expression but stimulates PDX1+/NKX6.1+ cell proliferation. NOTCH activity, whose suppression is important for Ngn3 expression, is not suppressed but Wnt signaling is stimulated by FOXO1 inhibition. Reversely, Wnt inhibition suppresses the effects of FOXO1 inhibitor. These findings indicate that FOXO1 and Wnt are involved in regulating the proliferation of PDX1+/NKX6.1+ pancreatic endoderm that gives rise to NGN3+ endocrine precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Sasaki
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Kawaguchi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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20
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Lehmann M, Hu Q, Hu Y, Hafner K, Costa R, van den Berg A, Königshoff M. Chronic WNT/β-catenin signaling induces cellular senescence in lung epithelial cells. Cell Signal 2020; 70:109588. [PMID: 32109549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The rapid expansion of the elderly population has led to the recent epidemic of age-related diseases, including increased incidence and mortality of chronic lung diseases, such as Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). Cellular senescence is a major hallmark of aging and has a higher occurrence in IPF. The lung epithelium represents a major site of tissue injury, cellular senescence and aberrant activity of developmental pathways such as the WNT/β-catenin pathway in IPF. The potential impact of WNT/β-catenin signaling on alveolar epithelial senescence in general as well as in IPF, however, remains elusive. Here, we characterized alveolar epithelial cells of aged mice and assessed the contribution of chronic WNT/β-catenin signaling on alveolar epithelial type (AT) II cell senescence. Whole lungs from old (16-24 months) versus young (3 months) mice had relatively less epithelial (EpCAM+) but more inflammatory (CD45+) cells, as assessed by flow cytometry. Compared to young ATII cells, old ATII cells showed decreased expression of the ATII cell marker Surfactant Protein C along with increased expression of the ATI cell marker Hopx, accompanied by increased WNT/β-catenin activity. Notably, when placed in an organoid assay, old ATII cells exhibited decreased progenitor cell potential. Chronic canonical WNT/β-catenin activation for up to 7 days in primary ATII cells as well as alveolar epithelial cell lines induced a robust cellular senescence, whereas the non-canonical ligand WNT5A was not able to induce cellular senescence. Moreover, chronic WNT3A treatment of precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) further confirmed ATII cell senescence. Simultaneously, chronic but not acute WNT/β-catenin activation induced a profibrotic state with increased expression of the impaired ATII cell marker Keratin 8. These results suggest that chronic WNT/β-catenin activity in the IPF lung contributes to increased ATII cell senescence and reprogramming. In the fibrotic environment, WNT/β-catenin signaling thus might lead to further progenitor cell dysfunction and impaired lung repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Lehmann
- Lung Repair and Regeneration Unit, Helmholtz-Zentrum Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich 81377, Germany; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Qianjiang Hu
- Lung Repair and Regeneration Unit, Helmholtz-Zentrum Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Yan Hu
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kathrin Hafner
- Lung Repair and Regeneration Unit, Helmholtz-Zentrum Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Rita Costa
- Lung Repair and Regeneration Unit, Helmholtz-Zentrum Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Anastasia van den Berg
- Lung Repair and Regeneration Unit, Helmholtz-Zentrum Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Lung Repair and Regeneration Unit, Helmholtz-Zentrum Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich 81377, Germany; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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21
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Katoh M, Katoh M. Precision medicine for human cancers with Notch signaling dysregulation (Review). Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:279-297. [PMID: 31894255 PMCID: PMC6984804 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NOTCH1, NOTCH2, NOTCH3 and NOTCH4 are transmembrane receptors that transduce juxtacrine signals of the delta‑like canonical Notch ligand (DLL)1, DLL3, DLL4, jagged canonical Notch ligand (JAG)1 and JAG2. Canonical Notch signaling activates the transcription of BMI1 proto‑oncogene polycomb ring finger, cyclin D1, CD44, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, hes family bHLH transcription factor 1, hes related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 1, MYC, NOTCH3, RE1 silencing transcription factor and transcription factor 7 in a cellular context‑dependent manner, while non‑canonical Notch signaling activates NF‑κB and Rac family small GTPase 1. Notch signaling is aberrantly activated in breast cancer, non‑small‑cell lung cancer and hematological malignancies, such as T‑cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma. However, Notch signaling is inactivated in small‑cell lung cancer and squamous cell carcinomas. Loss‑of‑function NOTCH1 mutations are early events during esophageal tumorigenesis, whereas gain‑of‑function NOTCH1 mutations are late events during T‑cell leukemogenesis and B‑cell lymphomagenesis. Notch signaling cascades crosstalk with fibroblast growth factor and WNT signaling cascades in the tumor microenvironment to maintain cancer stem cells and remodel the tumor microenvironment. The Notch signaling network exerts oncogenic and tumor‑suppressive effects in a cancer stage‑ or (sub)type‑dependent manner. Small‑molecule γ‑secretase inhibitors (AL101, MRK‑560, nirogacestat and others) and antibody‑based biologics targeting Notch ligands or receptors [ABT‑165, AMG 119, rovalpituzumab tesirine (Rova‑T) and others] have been developed as investigational drugs. The DLL3‑targeting antibody‑drug conjugate (ADC) Rova‑T, and DLL3‑targeting chimeric antigen receptor‑modified T cells (CAR‑Ts), AMG 119, are promising anti‑cancer therapeutics, as are other ADCs or CAR‑Ts targeting tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 17, CD19, CD22, CD30, CD79B, CD205, Claudin 18.2, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)2, FGFR3, receptor‑type tyrosine‑protein kinase FLT3, HER2, hepatocyte growth factor receptor, NECTIN4, inactive tyrosine‑protein kinase 7, inactive tyrosine‑protein kinase transmembrane receptor ROR1 and tumor‑associated calcium signal transducer 2. ADCs and CAR‑Ts could alter the therapeutic framework for refractory cancers, especially diffuse‑type gastric cancer, ovarian cancer and pancreatic cancer with peritoneal dissemination. Phase III clinical trials of Rova‑T for patients with small‑cell lung cancer and a phase III clinical trial of nirogacestat for patients with desmoid tumors are ongoing. Integration of human intelligence, cognitive computing and explainable artificial intelligence is necessary to construct a Notch‑related knowledge‑base and optimize Notch‑targeted therapy for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masaru Katoh
- Department of Omics Network, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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22
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Activator Protein-1 Transcriptional Activity Drives Soluble Micrograft-Mediated Cell Migration and Promotes the Matrix Remodeling Machinery. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:6461580. [PMID: 32082384 PMCID: PMC7012246 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6461580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired wound healing and tissue regeneration have severe consequences on the patient's quality of life. Micrograft therapies are emerging as promising and affordable alternatives to improve skin regeneration by enhancing the endogenous wound repair processes. However, the molecular mechanisms underpinning the beneficial effects of the micrograft treatments remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified the active protein-1 (AP-1) member Fos-related antigen-1 (Fra-1) to play a central role in the extracellular signal-regulated kinase- (ERK-) mediated enhanced cell migratory capacity of soluble micrograft-treated mouse adult fibroblasts and in the human keratinocyte cell model. Accordingly, we show that increased micrograft-dependent in vitro cell migration and matrix metalloprotease activity is abolished upon inhibition of AP-1. Furthermore, soluble micrograft treatment leads to increased expression and posttranslational phosphorylation of Fra-1 and c-Jun, resulting in the upregulation of wound healing-associated genes mainly involved in the regulation of cell migration. Collectively, our work provides insights into the molecular mechanisms behind the cell-free micrograft treatment, which might contribute to future advances in wound repair therapies.
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23
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Wang L, Su Y, Huang C, Yin Y, Chu A, Knupp A, Tang Y. NANOG and LIN28 dramatically improve human cell reprogramming by modulating LIN41 and canonical WNT activities. Biol Open 2019; 8:8/12/bio047225. [PMID: 31806618 PMCID: PMC6918770 DOI: 10.1242/bio.047225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cell reprogramming remains extremely inefficient and the underlying mechanisms by different reprogramming factors are elusive. We found that NANOG and LIN28 (NL) synergize to improve OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and MYC (OSKM)-mediated reprogramming by ∼76-fold and shorten reprogramming latency by at least 1 week. This synergy is inhibited by GLIS1 but reinforced by an inhibitor of the histone methyltransferase DOT1L (iDOT1L) to a ∼127-fold increase in TRA-1-60-positive (+) iPSC colonies. Mechanistically, NL serve as the main drivers of reprogramming in cell epithelialization, the expression of Let-7 miRNA target LIN41, and the activation of canonical WNT/β-CATENIN signaling, which can be further enhanced by iDOT1L treatment. LIN41 overexpression in addition to OSKM similarly promoted cell epithelialization and WNT activation in reprogramming, and a dominant-negative LIN41 mutation significantly blocked NL- and iDOT1L-enhanced reprogramming. We also found that NL- and iDOT1L-induced canonical WNT activation facilitates the initial development kinetics of iPSCs. However, a substantial increase in more mature, homogeneous TRA-1-60+ colony formation was achieved by inhibiting WNT activity at the middle-to-late-reprogramming stage. We further found that LIN41 can replace LIN28 to synergize with NANOG, and that the coexpression of LIN41 with NL further enhanced the formation of mature iPSCs under WNT inhibition. Our study established LIN41 and canonical WNT signaling as the key downstream effectors of NL for the dramatic improvement in reprogramming efficiency and kinetics, and optimized a condition for the robust formation of mature human iPSC colonies from primary cells.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yue Su
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Chang Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yexuan Yin
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Alexander Chu
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Alec Knupp
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Young Tang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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24
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Autologous micrograft accelerates endogenous wound healing response through ERK-induced cell migration. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:1520-1538. [PMID: 31654035 PMCID: PMC7206041 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective cell migration causes delayed wound healing (WH) and chronic skin lesions. Autologous micrograft (AMG) therapies have recently emerged as a new effective and affordable treatment able to improve wound healing capacity. However, the precise molecular mechanism through which AMG exhibits its beneficial effects remains unrevealed. Herein we show that AMG improves skin re-epithelialization by accelerating the migration of fibroblasts and keratinocytes. More specifically, AMG-treated wounds showed improvement of indispensable events associated with successful wound healing such as granulation tissue formation, organized collagen content, and newly formed blood vessels. We demonstrate that AMG is enriched with a pool of WH-associated growth factors that may provide the starting signal for a faster endogenous wound healing response. This work links the increased cell migration rate to the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway, which is followed by an increase in matrix metalloproteinase expression and their extracellular enzymatic activity. Overall we reveal the AMG-mediated wound healing transcriptional signature and shed light on the AMG molecular mechanism supporting its potential to trigger a highly improved wound healing process. In this way, we present a framework for future improvements in AMG therapy for skin tissue regeneration applications.
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25
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Pedone E, Postiglione L, Aulicino F, Rocca DL, Montes-Olivas S, Khazim M, di Bernardo D, Pia Cosma M, Marucci L. A tunable dual-input system for on-demand dynamic gene expression regulation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4481. [PMID: 31578371 PMCID: PMC6775159 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular systems have evolved numerous mechanisms to adapt to environmental stimuli, underpinned by dynamic patterns of gene expression. In addition to gene transcription regulation, modulation of protein levels, dynamics and localization are essential checkpoints governing cell functions. The introduction of inducible promoters has allowed gene expression control using orthogonal molecules, facilitating its rapid and reversible manipulation to study gene function. However, differing protein stabilities hinder the generation of protein temporal profiles seen in vivo. Here, we improve the Tet-On system integrating conditional destabilising elements at the post-translational level and permitting simultaneous control of gene expression and protein stability. We show, in mammalian cells, that adding protein stability control allows faster response times, fully tunable and enhanced dynamic range, and improved in silico feedback control of gene expression. Finally, we highlight the effectiveness of our dual-input system to modulate levels of signalling pathway components in mouse Embryonic Stem Cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pedone
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK.
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Lorena Postiglione
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Francesco Aulicino
- BrisSynBio, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Dan L Rocca
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK.
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
- BrisSynBio, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.
| | - Sandra Montes-Olivas
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK
| | - Mahmoud Khazim
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Diego di Bernardo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Cosma
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr Aiguader 88, 08002, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitati Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Luis Companys, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), 510005, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Science, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lucia Marucci
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK.
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
- BrisSynBio, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.
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26
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Johari B, Asadi Z, Rismani E, Maghsood F, Sheikh Rezaei Z, Farahani S, Madanchi H, Kadivar M. Inhibition of transcription factor T-cell factor 3 (TCF3) using the oligodeoxynucleotide strategy increases embryonic stem cell stemness: possible application in regenerative medicine. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:852-862. [PMID: 31033094 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor T-cell factor 3 (TCF3), one component of the Wnt pathway, is known as a cell-intrinsic inhibitor of many pluripotency genes in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) that influences the balance between pluripotency and differentiation. In this study, the effects of inhibition of TCF3 transcription factor on the stemness of mouse ESCs (mESCs) were investigated using the decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) strategy. The TCF3 decoy and its scramble ODNs were designed and synthesized. The interaction specificity of the TCF3 decoy with the TCF3 transcription factor was evaluated by the electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Subcellular localization was carried out using fluorescence and confocal microscopy. Self-renewal and pluripotency of mESCs were analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), cell cycle and apoptosis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), embryoid body (EB) formation, and real-time assays. All experiments were performed in triplicate. The results showed that knockdown of TCF3 by decoy ODNs transfection in mESCs led to an increase in the cell proliferation, ALP enzyme activity, and master regulatory stemness genes and a decrease in the number and diameter of EBs. These results supported TCF3 as a potential target to maintain the pluripotency and self-renewal capacity of mESCs. Knockdown of the TCF3 transcription factor using decoy ODNs can be a promising method to maintain the stemness of stem cells in regenerative medicine and cell therapy researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Johari
- Student Research Committee, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Zoleykha Asadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Elham Rismani
- Deartment of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Maghsood
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sima Farahani
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Madanchi
- Department and Center for Biotechnology Research, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kadivar
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Pedone E, Marucci L. Role of β-Catenin Activation Levels and Fluctuations in Controlling Cell Fate. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10020176. [PMID: 30823613 PMCID: PMC6410200 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells have developed numerous adaptation mechanisms to external cues by controlling signaling-pathway activity, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a highly conserved signaling pathway involved in many biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, somatic cell reprogramming, development, and cancer. The activity of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the temporal dynamics of its effector β-catenin are tightly controlled by complex regulations. The latter encompass feedback loops within the pathway (e.g., a negative feedback loop involving Axin2, a β-catenin transcriptional target) and crosstalk interactions with other signaling pathways. Here, we provide a review shedding light on the coupling between Wnt/β-catenin activation levels and fluctuations across processes and cellular systems; in particular, we focus on development, in vitro pluripotency maintenance, and cancer. Possible mechanisms originating Wnt/β-catenin dynamic behaviors and consequently driving different cellular responses are also reviewed, and new avenues for future research are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pedone
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK.
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Lucia Marucci
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK.
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
- BrisSynBio, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.
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28
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Cox B, Laporte E, Vennekens A, Kobayashi H, Nys C, Van Zundert I, Uji-I H, Vercauteren Drubbel A, Beck B, Roose H, Boretto M, Vankelecom H. Organoids from pituitary as a novel research model toward pituitary stem cell exploration. J Endocrinol 2019; 240:287-308. [PMID: 30475227 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pituitary is the master endocrine gland, harboring stem cells of which the phenotype and role remain poorly characterized. Here, we established organoids from mouse pituitary with the aim to generate a novel research model to study pituitary stem cell biology. The organoids originated from the pituitary cells expressing the stem cell marker SOX2 were long-term expandable, displayed a stemness phenotype during expansive culture and showed specific hormonal differentiation ability, although limited, after subrenal transplantation. Application of the protocol to transgenically injured pituitary harboring an activated stem cell population, resulted in more numerous organoids. Intriguingly, these organoids presented with a cystic morphology, whereas the organoids from undamaged gland were predominantly dense and appeared more limited in expandability. Transcriptomic analysis revealed distinct epithelial phenotypes and showed that cystic organoids more resembled the pituitary phenotype, at least to an immature state, and displayed in vitro differentiation, although yet moderate. Organoid characterization further exposed facets of regulatory pathways of the putative stem cells of the pituitary and advanced new injury-activated markers. Taken together, we established a novel organoid research model revealing new insights into the identity and regulation of the putative pituitary stem cells. This organoid model may eventually lead to an interesting tool to decipher pituitary stem cell biology in both healthy and diseased gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Cox
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emma Laporte
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Vennekens
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hiroto Kobayashi
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Science, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Charlotte Nys
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Indra Van Zundert
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hiroshi Uji-I
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Benjamin Beck
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Heleen Roose
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matteo Boretto
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hugo Vankelecom
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway safeguards epigenetic stability and homeostasis of mouse embryonic stem cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:948. [PMID: 30700782 PMCID: PMC6353868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) are pluripotent and can differentiate into cells belonging to the three germ layers of the embryo. However, mESC pluripotency and genome stability can be compromised in prolonged in vitro culture conditions. Several factors control mESC pluripotency, including Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is essential for mESC differentiation and proliferation. Here we show that the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway safeguards normal DNA methylation of mESCs. The activity of the pathway is progressively silenced during passages in culture and this results into a loss of the DNA methylation at many imprinting control regions (ICRs), loss of recruitment of chromatin repressors, and activation of retrotransposons, resulting into impaired mESC differentiation. Accordingly, sustained Wnt/β-catenin signaling maintains normal ICR methylation and mESC homeostasis and is a key regulator of genome stability.
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Optimization of Differentiation of Nonhuman Primate Pluripotent Cells Using a Combinatorial Approach. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 30656630 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9007-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to a desired lineage often involves complex and lengthy protocols. In order to study the requirements for differentiation in a systematic way, we present here methodology for an iterative approach using combinations of small molecules and biological factors. The factors are used in a cyclical process in which the best combination of factors and concentrations is selected in one round of testing, followed by a modification of the combination and subsequent rounds. While this may produce the desired differentiation in the cell population under study, it is also possible that other strategies may be needed to optimize the differentiation process. These strategies are described in this chapter.
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Katoh M. Multi‑layered prevention and treatment of chronic inflammation, organ fibrosis and cancer associated with canonical WNT/β‑catenin signaling activation (Review). Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:713-725. [PMID: 29786110 PMCID: PMC6034925 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
β-catenin/CTNNB1 is an intracellular scaffold protein that interacts with adhesion molecules (E-cadherin/CDH1, N-cadherin/CDH2, VE-cadherin/CDH5 and α-catenins), transmembrane-type mucins (MUC1/CD227 and MUC16/CA125), signaling regulators (APC, AXIN1, AXIN2 and NHERF1/EBP50) and epigenetic or transcriptional regulators (BCL9, BCL9L, CREBBP/CBP, EP300/p300, FOXM1, MED12, SMARCA4/BRG1 and TCF/LEF). Gain-of-function CTTNB1 mutations are detected in bladder cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer and uterine cancer, whereas loss-of-function CTNNB1 mutations are also detected in human cancer. ABCB1, ALDH1A1, ASCL2, ATF3, AXIN2, BAMBI, CCND1, CD44, CLDN1, CTLA4, DKK1, EDN1, EOMES, FGF18, FGF20, FZD7, IL10, JAG1, LEF1, LGR5, MITF, MSX1, MYC, NEUROD1, NKD1, NODAL, NOTCH2, NOTUM, NRCAM, OPN, PAX3, PPARD, PTGS2, RNF43, SNAI1, SP5, TCF7, TERT, TNFRSF19, VEGFA and ZNRF3 are representative β-catenin target genes. β-catenin signaling is involved in myofibroblast activation and subsequent pulmonary fibrosis, in addition to other types of fibrosis. β-catenin and NF-κB signaling activation are involved in field cancerization in the stomach associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and in the liver associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and other etiologies. β-catenin-targeted therapeutics are functionally classified into β-catenin inhibitors targeting upstream regulators (AZ1366, ETC-159, G007-LK, GNF6231, ipafricept, NVP-TNKS656, rosmantuzumab, vantictumab, WNT-C59, WNT974 and XAV939), β-catenin inhibitors targeting protein-protein interactions (CGP049090, CWP232228, E7386, ICG-001, LF3 and PRI-724), β-catenin inhibitors targeting epigenetic regulators (PKF118-310), β-catenin inhibitors targeting mediator complexes (CCT251545 and cortistatin A) and β-catenin inhibitors targeting transmembrane-type transcriptional outputs, including CD44v6, FZD7 and LGR5. Eradicating H. pylori and HCV is the optimal approach for the first-line prevention of gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), respectively. However, β-catenin inhibitors may be applicable for the prevention of organ fibrosis, second-line HCC prevention and treating β-catenin-driven cancer. The multi-layered prevention and treatment strategy of β-catenin-related human diseases is necessary for the practice of personalized medicine and implementation of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Katoh
- Department of Omics Network, National Cancer Center, Chuo Ward, Tokyo 104‑0045, Japan
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Rasmussen ML, Ortolano NA, Romero-Morales AI, Gama V. Wnt Signaling and Its Impact on Mitochondrial and Cell Cycle Dynamics in Pluripotent Stem Cells. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9020109. [PMID: 29463061 PMCID: PMC5852605 DOI: 10.3390/genes9020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The core transcriptional network regulating stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency remains an intense area of research. Increasing evidence indicates that modified regulation of basic cellular processes such as mitochondrial dynamics, apoptosis, and cell cycle are also essential for pluripotent stem cell identity and fate decisions. Here, we review evidence for Wnt regulation of pluripotency and self-renewal, and its connections to emerging features of pluripotent stem cells, including (1) increased mitochondrial fragmentation, (2) increased sensitivity to cell death, and (3) shortened cell cycle. We provide a general overview of the stem cell–specific mechanisms involved in the maintenance of these uncharacterized hallmarks of pluripotency and highlight potential links to the Wnt signaling pathway. Given the physiological importance of stem cells and their enormous potential for regenerative medicine, understanding fundamental mechanisms mediating the crosstalk between Wnt, organelle-dynamics, apoptosis, and cell cycle will be crucial to gain insight into the regulation of stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Rasmussen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN37232, United States.
| | - Natalya A Ortolano
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN37232, United States.
| | | | - Vivian Gama
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN37232, United States.
- Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN37232, United States.
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN37232, United States.
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The Pleiotropic Effects of the Canonical Wnt Pathway in Early Development and Pluripotency. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9020093. [PMID: 29443926 PMCID: PMC5852589 DOI: 10.3390/genes9020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The technology to derive embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells from early embryonic stages and adult somatic cells, respectively, emerged as a powerful resource to enable the establishment of new in vitro models, which recapitulate early developmental processes and disease. Additionally, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) represent an invaluable source of relevant differentiated cell types with immense potential for regenerative medicine and cell replacement therapies. Pluripotent stem cells support self-renewal, potency and proliferation for extensive periods of culture in vitro. However, the core pathways that rule each of these cellular features specific to PSCs only recently began to be clarified. The Wnt signaling pathway is pivotal during early embryogenesis and is central for the induction and maintenance of the pluripotency of PSCs. Signaling by the Wnt family of ligands is conveyed intracellularly by the stabilization of β-catenin in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus, where it elicits the transcriptional activity of T-cell factor (TCF)/lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF) family of transcription factors. Interestingly, in PSCs, the Wnt/β-catenin–TCF/LEF axis has several unrelated and sometimes opposite cellular functions such as self-renewal, stemness, lineage commitment and cell cycle regulation. In addition, tight control of the Wnt signaling pathway enhances reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotency. Several recent research efforts emphasize the pleiotropic functions of the Wnt signaling pathway in the pluripotent state. Nonetheless, conflicting results and unanswered questions still linger. In this review, we will focus on the diverse functions of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway on the developmental processes preceding embryo implantation, as well as on its roles in pluripotent stem cell biology such as self-renewal and cell cycle regulation and somatic cell reprogramming.
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