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Xu Q, Wang X, Wang N, Li S, Yao X, Kuang H, Qiu Z, Ke D, Yang W, Guan Y. Nitrogen inhibition of nitrogenase activity involves the modulation of cytosolic invertase in soybean nodule. J Genet Genomics 2024:S1673-8527(24)00155-3. [PMID: 38950857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Legume symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) is suppressed by inorganic N in the soil. High N inhibition of nitrogenase activity is associated with the deprivation of carbon allocation and metabolism in nodules. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we identify GmCIN1 which encodes a cytosolic invertase, as a gateway for the N-tuning of sucrose utilization in nodules. GmCIN1 is enriched in mature soybean nodules and its expression is regulated by nitrogen status. The knockout of GmCIN1 using genome editing partially mimicks the inhibitory effects of N on nitrogenase activity and sugar content and the impact of high N on nodule transcriptomes. This indicates that GmCIN1 partially mediates the high N inhibition of nodule activity. Moreover, ChIP-qPCR and EMSA reveal that SNAP1/2 transcription factors directly bind to the GmCIN1 promoter. In addition, SNAP1/2 may be involved in the repression of GmCIN1 expression in mature nodules at high N concentrations. Our findings provide insights into the involvement of the transcriptional tuning of C metabolism genes by N-signaling modulators in the N-induced inhibition of nitrogenase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinzhen Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010000, China
| | - Suning Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oil Crops Genetic Improvement (2024SSY04031), Crop Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, China
| | - Xiaolei Yao
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Huaqin Kuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Zhimin Qiu
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325005, China
| | - Danxia Ke
- College of Life Sciences & Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan 464000, China
| | - Wenqiang Yang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yuefeng Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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Scheible N, Henning PM, McCubbin AG. Calmodulin-Domain Protein Kinase PiCDPK1 Interacts with the 14-3-3-like Protein NtGF14 to Modulate Pollen Tube Growth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:451. [PMID: 38337984 PMCID: PMC10857193 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Calcium-mediated signaling pathways are known to play important roles in the polar growth of pollen tubes. The calcium-dependent protein kinase, PiCDPK1, has been shown to be involved in regulating this process through interaction with a guanine dissociation inhibitor, PiRhoGDI1. To more fully understand the role of PiCDPK1 in pollen tube extension, we designed a pull-down study to identify additional substrates of this kinase. These experiments identified 123 putative interactors. Two of the identified proteins were predicted to directly interact with PiCDPK1, and this possibility was investigated in planta. The first, NtGF14, a 14-3-3-like protein, did not produce a noticeable phenotype when overexpressed in pollen alone but partially rescued the spherical tube phenotype caused by PiCDPK1 over-expression when co-over-expressed with the kinase. The second, NtREN1, a GTPase activating protein (GAP), severely inhibited pollen tube germination when over-expressed, and its co-over-expression with PiCDPK1 did not substantially affect this phenotype. These results suggest a novel in vivo interaction between NtGF14 and PiCDPK1 but do not support the direct interaction between PiCDPK1 and NtREN1. We demonstrate the utility of the methodology used to identify potential protein interactions while confirming the necessity of additional studies to confirm their validity. Finally, additional support was found for intersection between PiCDPK1 and RopGTPase pathways to control polar growth at the pollen tube tip.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew G. McCubbin
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (N.S.); (P.M.H.)
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3
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Zhang C, Zhang C, Xu X, Liao M, Tong N, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Xu Han X, Lin Y, Lai Z. Transcriptome analysis provides insight into the regulatory mechanisms underlying pollen germination recovery at normal high ambient temperature in wild banana ( Musa itinerans). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1255418. [PMID: 37822335 PMCID: PMC10562711 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1255418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Cultivated banana are polyploid, with low pollen fertility, and most cultivars are male sterile, which leads to difficulties in banana breeding research. The selection of male parent with excellent resistance and pollen fertility is therefore essential for banana breeding. Wild banana (Musa itinerans) have developed many good characteristics during natural selection and constitute an excellent gene pool for breeding. Therefore, research on wild banana breeding is very important for banana breeding. Results In the current analysis, we examined the changes in viability of wild banana pollens at different temperatures by in vitro germination, and found that the germination ability of wild banana pollens cultured at 28°C for 2 days was higher than that of pollens cultured at 23°C (pollens that could not germinate normally under low temperature stress), 24°C (cultured at a constant temperature for 2 days) and 32°C (cultured at a constant temperature for 2 days). To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the germination restoration process in wild banana pollens, we selected the wild banana pollens that had lost its germination ability under low temperature stress (23°C) as the control group (CK) and the wild banana pollens that had recovered its germination ability under constant temperature incubation of 28°C for 2 days as the treatment group (T) for transcriptome sequencing. A total of 921 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in CK vs T, of which 265 were up-regulated and 656 were down-regulated. The combined analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) revealed that the activation, metabolism of various substances (lipids, sugars, amino acids) play a major role in restoring pollen germination capacity. TCA cycle and the sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthetic pathways were also significantly enriched in the KEGG pathway. And we found that some DEGs may be associated with pollen wall formation, DNA methylation and DNA repair. The cysteine content, free fatty acid (FFA) content, H2O2 content, fructose content, and sucrose content of pollen were increased at treatment of 28°C, while D-Golactose content was decreased. Finally, the GO pathway was enriched for a total of 24 DEGs related to pollen germination, of which 16 DEGs received targeted regulation by 14 MYBs. Discussions Our study suggests that the balance between various metabolic processes, pollen wall remodelling, DNA methylation, DNA repairs and regulation of MYBs are essential for germination of wild banana pollens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Zhang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chengyu Zhang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Xu
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Minzhang Liao
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ning Tong
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yukun Chen
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xu Xu Han
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institut de la Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Toulouse, IRIT-ARI, Toulouse, France
| | - Yuling Lin
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Xiang X, Zhang S, Li E, Shi XL, Zhi JY, Liang X, Yin GM, Qin Z, Li S, Zhang Y. RHO OF PLANT proteins are essential for pollen germination in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:140-155. [PMID: 36974907 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pollen germination is a process of polarity establishment, through which a single and unique growth axis is established. Although most of the intracellular activities associated with pollen germination are controlled by RHO OF PLANTs (ROPs) and increased ROP activation accompanies pollen germination, a critical role of ROPs in this process has not yet been demonstrated. Here, by genomic editing of all 4 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ROPs that are preferentially expressed in pollen, we showed that ROPs are essential for polarity establishment during pollen germination. We further identified and characterized 2 ROP effectors in pollen germination (REGs) through genome-wide interactor screening, boundary of ROP domain (BDR) members BDR8 and BDR9, whose functional loss also resulted in no pollen germination. BDR8 and BDR9 were distributed in the cytosol and the vegetative nucleus of mature pollen grains but redistributed to the plasma membrane (PM) of the germination site and to the apical PM of growing pollen tubes. We demonstrated that the PM redistribution of BDR8 and BDR9 during pollen germination relies on ROPs but not vice versa. Furthermore, enhanced expression of BDR8 partially restored germination of rop1 pollen but had no effects on that of the quadruple rop pollen, supporting their genetic epistasis. Results presented here demonstrate an ROP signaling route essential for pollen germination, which supports evolutionarily conserved roles of Rho GTPases in polarity establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Shuzhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - En Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xue-Lian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jing-Yu Zhi
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tian'jin 300071, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tian'jin 300071, China
| | - Gui-Min Yin
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tian'jin 300071, China
| | - Zheng Qin
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tian'jin 300071, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tian'jin 300071, China
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5
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Pasandideh Arjmand M, Samizadeh Lahiji H, Mohsenzadeh Golfazani M, Biglouei MH. Evaluation of protein's interaction and the regulatory network of some drought-responsive genes in Canola under drought and re-watering conditions. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1085-1102. [PMID: 37829706 PMCID: PMC10564702 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most important environmental stresses that severely limits the growth and yield of Canola. The re-watering can compensate for the damage caused by drought stress. Investigation of protein's interaction of genes involved in important drought-responsive pathways and their regulatory network by microRNAs (miRNAs) under drought and re-watering conditions are helpful approaches to discovering drought-stress tolerance and recovery mechanisms. In this study, the protein's interaction and functional enrichment analyses of glycolysis, pentose phosphate, glyoxylate cycle, fatty acid biosynthesis, heat shock factor main genes, and the regulatory network of key genes by miRNAs were investigated by in silico analysis. Then, the relative expression of key genes and their related miRNAs were investigated in tolerant and susceptible genotypes of Canola under drought and re-watering conditions by Real-time PCR technique. The bna-miR156b/c/g, bna-miR395d/e/f, bna-miR396a, and all the studied key genes except HSFA1E and PK showed changes in expression levels in one or both genotypes after re-watering. The PPC1 and HSFB2B expression decreased, whereas the MLS and CAC3 expression increased in both genotypes under re-watering treatment after drought stress. It could cause the regulation of oxaloacetate production, the increase of the glyoxylate cycle, lipid biosynthesis, and the reduction of the negative regulation of HSFs under re-watering conditions. It seems that PPC1, G6PD2, MLS, CAC3, and HSFB2B were involved in the recovery mechanisms after drought stress of Canola. They were regulated by drought-responsive miRNAs to respond appropriately to drought stress. Therefore, regulating these genes could be important in plant recovery mechanisms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01345-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Pasandideh Arjmand
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammad Hassan Biglouei
- Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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6
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Bolesławska I, Kowalówka M, Bolesławska-Król N, Przysławski J. Ketogenic Diet and Ketone Bodies as Clinical Support for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2-Review of the Evidence. Viruses 2023; 15:1262. [PMID: 37376562 PMCID: PMC10326824 DOI: 10.3390/v15061262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the proposed nutritional therapies to support drug therapy in COVID-19 is the use of a ketogenic diet (KD) or ketone bodies. In this review, we summarized the evidence from tissue, animal, and human models and looked at the mechanisms of action of KD/ketone bodies against COVID-19. KD/ketone bodies were shown to be effective at the stage of virus entry into the host cell. The use of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), by preventing the metabolic reprogramming associated with COVID-19 infection and improving mitochondrial function, reduced glycolysis in CD4+ lymphocytes and improved respiratory chain function, and could provide an alternative carbon source for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Through multiple mechanisms, the use of KD/ketone bodies supported the host immune response. In animal models, KD resulted in protection against weight loss and hypoxemia, faster recovery, reduced lung injury, and resulted in better survival of young mice. In humans, KD increased survival, reduced the need for hospitalization for COVID-19, and showed a protective role against metabolic abnormalities after COVID-19. It appears that the use of KD and ketone bodies may be considered as a clinical nutritional intervention to assist in the treatment of COVID-19, despite the fact that numerous studies indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection alone may induce ketoacidosis. However, the use of such an intervention requires strong scientific validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Bolesławska
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Magdalena Kowalówka
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Natasza Bolesławska-Król
- Student Society of Radiotherapy, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zyta 28, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Juliusz Przysławski
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (J.P.)
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7
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Zhu L, Tang Y, Li XY, Kerk SA, Lyssiotis CA, Feng W, Sun X, Hespe GE, Wang Z, Stemmler MP, Brabletz S, Brabletz T, Keller ET, Ma J, Cho JS, Yang J, Weiss SJ. A Zeb1/MtCK1 metabolic axis controls osteoclast activation and skeletal remodeling. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111148. [PMID: 36843552 PMCID: PMC10068323 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing polykaryons responsible for skeletal remodeling during health and disease. Coincident with their differentiation from myeloid precursors, osteoclasts undergo extensive transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming in order to acquire the cellular machinery necessary to demineralize bone and digest its interwoven extracellular matrix. While attempting to identify new regulatory molecules critical to bone resorption, we discovered that murine and human osteoclast differentiation is accompanied by the expression of Zeb1, a zinc-finger transcriptional repressor whose role in normal development is most frequently linked to the control of epithelial-mesenchymal programs. However, following targeting, we find that Zeb1 serves as an unexpected regulator of osteoclast energy metabolism. In vivo, Zeb1-null osteoclasts assume a hyperactivated state, markedly decreasing bone density due to excessive resorptive activity. Mechanistically, Zeb1 acts in a rheostat-like fashion to modulate murine and human osteoclast activity by transcriptionally repressing an ATP-buffering enzyme, mitochondrial creatine kinase 1 (MtCK1), thereby controlling the phosphocreatine energy shuttle and mitochondrial respiration. Together, these studies identify a novel Zeb1/MtCK1 axis that exerts metabolic control over bone resorption in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxin Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yi Tang
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Samuel A Kerk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wenqing Feng
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiaoyue Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Geoffrey E Hespe
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zijun Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Marc P Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, FAU University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, FAU University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, FAU University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Evan T Keller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Urology and the Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jun Ma
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jung-Sun Cho
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jingwen Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen J Weiss
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Liu J, Lim SL, Zhong JY, Lim BL. Bioenergetics of pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed by ratiometric genetically encoded biosensors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7822. [PMID: 36535933 PMCID: PMC9763403 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35486-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollen tube is the fastest-growing plant cell. Its polarized growth process consumes a tremendous amount of energy, which involves coordinated energy fluxes between plastids, the cytosol, and mitochondria. However, how the pollen tube obtains energy and what the biological roles of pollen plastids are in this process remain obscure. To investigate this energy-demanding process, we developed second-generation ratiometric biosensors for pyridine nucleotides which are pH insensitive between pH 7.0 to pH 8.5. By monitoring dynamic changes in ATP and NADPH concentrations and the NADH/NAD+ ratio at the subcellular level in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) pollen tubes, we delineate the energy metabolism that underpins pollen tube growth and illustrate how pollen plastids obtain ATP, NADPH, NADH, and acetyl-CoA for fatty acid biosynthesis. We also show that fermentation and pyruvate dehydrogenase bypass are not essential for pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis, in contrast to other plant species like tobacco and lily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Liu
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shey-Li Lim
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia Yi Zhong
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Boon Leong Lim
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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9
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Conjunctive Analyses of BSA-Seq and BSR-Seq Unveil the Msβ-GAL and MsJMT as Key Candidate Genes for Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137172. [PMID: 35806189 PMCID: PMC9266382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowing the molecular mechanism of male sterility in alfalfa is important to utilize the heterosis more effectively. However, the molecular mechanisms of male sterility in alfalfa are still unclear. In this study, the bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and bulked segregant RNA-seq (BSR) were performed with F2 separation progeny to study the molecular mechanism of male sterility in alfalfa. The BSA-seq analysis was located in a candidate region on chromosome 5 containing 626 candidate genes which were associated with male sterility in alfalfa, while the BSR-seq analysis filtered seven candidate DEGs related to male sterility, and these candidate genes including EF-Tu, β-GAL, CESA, PHGDH, and JMT. The conjunctive analyses of BSR and BSA methods revealed that the genes of Msβ-GAL and MsJMT are the common detected candidate genes involved in male sterility in alfalfa. Our research provides a theory basis for further study of the molecular mechanism of male sterility in alfalfa and significant information for the genetic breeding of Medicago sativa.
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Çetinbaş-Genç A, Conti V, Cai G. Let's shape again: the concerted molecular action that builds the pollen tube. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2022; 35:77-103. [PMID: 35041045 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-022-00437-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pollen tube is being subjected to control by a complex network of communication that regulates its shape and the misfunction of a single component causes specific deformations. In flowering plants, the pollen tube is a tubular extension of the pollen grain required for successful sexual reproduction. Indeed, maintaining the unique shape of the pollen tube is essential for the pollen tube to approach the embryo sac. Many processes and molecules (such as GTPase activity, phosphoinositides, Ca2+ gradient, distribution of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide, nonuniform pH values, organization of the cytoskeleton, balance between exocytosis and endocytosis, and cell wall structure) play key and coordinated roles in maintaining the cylindrical shape of pollen tubes. In addition, the above factors must also interact with each other so that the cell shape is maintained while the pollen tube follows chemical signals in the pistil that guide it to the embryo sac. Any intrinsic changes (such as erroneous signals) or extrinsic changes (such as environmental stresses) can affect the above factors and thus fertilization by altering the tube morphology. In this review, the processes and molecules that enable the development and maintenance of the unique shape of pollen tubes in angiosperms are presented emphasizing their interaction with specific tube shape. Thus, the purpose of the review is to investigate whether specific deformations in pollen tubes can help us to better understand the mechanism underlying pollen tube shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Çetinbaş-Genç
- Department of Biology, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, 34722, Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Veronica Conti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
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11
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Hormonal Signaling in the Progamic Phase of Fertilization in Plants. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pollen–pistil interaction is a basic process in the reproductive biology of flowering plants and has been the subject of intense fundamental research that has a pronounced practical value. The phytohormones ethylene (ET) and cytokinin (CK) together with other hormones such as auxin, gibberellin (GA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and brassinosteroids (BRs) influence different stages of plant development and growth. Here, we mainly focus on the information about the ET and CK signaling in the progamic phase of fertilization. This signaling occurs during male gametophyte development, including tapetum (TAP) cell death, and pollen tube growth, including synergid programmed cell death (PCD) and self-incompatibility (SI)-induced PCD. ET joins the coordination of successive events in the developing anther, including the TAP development and cell death, anther dehiscence, microspore development, pollen grain maturation, and dehydration. Both ET and CK take part in the regulation of E. ET signaling accompanies adhesion, hydration, and germination of pollen grains in the stigma and growth of pollen tubes in style tissues. Thus, ET production may be implicated in the pollination signaling between organs accumulated in the stigma and transmitted to the style and ovary to ensure successful pollination. Some data suggest that ET and CK signaling are involved in S-RNase-based SI.
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12
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Scheible N, Yoon GM, McCubbin AG. Calmodulin Domain Protein Kinase PiCDPK1 Regulates Pollen Tube Growth Polarity through Interaction with RhoGDI. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030254. [PMID: 35161234 PMCID: PMC8838988 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The pollen-specific calcium-dependent protein kinase PiCDPK1 of Petunia inflata has previously been shown to regulate polarity in tip growth in pollen tubes. Here we report the identification of a Rho Guanine Dissociation Inhibitor (PiRhoGDI1) as a PiCDPK1 interacting protein. We demonstrate that PiRhoGDI1 and PiCDPK1 interact in a yeast 2-hybrid assay, as well as in an in vitro pull-down assay, and that PiRhoGDI1 is phosphorylated by PiCDPK1 in vitro. We further demonstrate the PiRhoGDI1 is capable of rescuing the loss of growth polarity phenotype caused by over-expressing PiCDPK1 in vivo using stable transgenic plants. We confirmed that PiRhoGDI1 interacts with a pollen-expressed ROP GTPase isoform consistent with the established role of RhoGDIs in negatively regulating GTPases through their membrane removal and locking them in an inactive cytosolic complex. ROP is a central regulator of polarity in tip growth, upstream of Ca2+, and PiCDPK1 over-expression has been previously reported to lead to dramatic elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ through a positive feedback loop. The discovery that PiCDPK1 impacts ROP regulation via PiRhoGDI1 suggests that PiCDPK1 acts as RhoGDI displacement factor and leads us to propose a model which we hypothesize regulates the rapid recycling of ROP GTPase at the pollen tube tip.
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13
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Westermann J. Two Is Company, but Four Is a Party-Challenges of Tetraploidization for Cell Wall Dynamics and Efficient Tip-Growth in Pollen. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112382. [PMID: 34834745 PMCID: PMC8623246 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Some cells grow by an intricately coordinated process called tip-growth, which allows the formation of long tubular structures by a remarkable increase in cell surface-to-volume ratio and cell expansion across vast distances. On a broad evolutionary scale, tip-growth has been extraordinarily successful, as indicated by its recurrent 're-discovery' throughout evolutionary time in all major land plant taxa which allowed for the functional diversification of tip-growing cell types across gametophytic and sporophytic life-phases. All major land plant lineages have experienced (recurrent) polyploidization events and subsequent re-diploidization that may have positively contributed to plant adaptive evolutionary processes. How individual cells respond to genome-doubling on a shorter evolutionary scale has not been addressed as elaborately. Nevertheless, it is clear that when polyploids first form, they face numerous important challenges that must be overcome for lineages to persist. Evidence in the literature suggests that tip-growth is one of those processes. Here, I discuss the literature to present hypotheses about how polyploidization events may challenge efficient tip-growth and strategies which may overcome them: I first review the complex and multi-layered processes by which tip-growing cells maintain their cell wall integrity and steady growth. I will then discuss how they may be affected by the cellular changes that accompany genome-doubling. Finally, I will depict possible mechanisms polyploid plants may evolve to compensate for the effects caused by genome-doubling to regain diploid-like growth, particularly focusing on cell wall dynamics and the subcellular machinery they are controlled by.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Westermann
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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14
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Santos AF, Póvoa P, Paixão P, Mendonça A, Taborda-Barata L. Changes in Glycolytic Pathway in SARS-COV 2 Infection and Their Importance in Understanding the Severity of COVID-19. Front Chem 2021; 9:685196. [PMID: 34568275 PMCID: PMC8461303 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.685196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that may lead to a severe acute respiratory syndrome. Such syndrome is thought to be related, at least in part, to a dysregulation of the immune system which involves three main components: hyperactivity of the innate immune system; decreased production of type 1 Interferons (IFN) by SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, namely respiratory epithelial cells and macrophages; and decreased numbers of both CD4+ and particularly CD8+ T cells. Herein, we describe how excessive activation of the innate immune system and the need for viral replication in several cells of the infected organism promote significant alterations in cells' energy metabolism (glucose metabolism), which may underlie the poor prognosis of the disease in severe situations. When activated, cells of the innate immune system reprogram their metabolism, and increase glucose uptake to ensure secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Changes in glucose metabolism are also observed in pulmonary epithelial cells, contributing to dysregulation of cytokine synthesis and inflammation of the pulmonary epithelium. Controlling hyperglycolysis in critically ill patients may help to reduce the exaggerated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and optimise the actions of the adaptive immune system. In this review, we suggest that the administration of non-toxic concentrations of 2-deoxy-D-glucose, the use of GLUT 1 inhibitors, of antioxidants such as vitamin C in high doses, as well as the administration of N-acetylcysteine in high doses, may be useful complementary therapeutic strategies for these patients, as suggested by some clinical trials and/ or reports. Overall, understanding changes in the glycolytic pathway associated with COVID-19 infection can help to find new forms of treatment for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalberto Fernandes Santos
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Teaching and Research of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Agostinho Neto University, Luanda, Angola
| | - Pedro Póvoa
- Polyvalent Intensive Care Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Hospital de Sao Francisco Xavier, Lisbon, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center–CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, OUH Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Paulo Paixão
- Comprehensive Health Research Center–CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica–SYNLAB, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Mendonça
- CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luís Taborda-Barata
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Immunoallergology, Cova da Beira University Hospital Centre, Covilhã, Portugal
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15
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Hong WJ, Jiang X, Choi SH, Kim YJ, Kim ST, Jeon JS, Jung KH. A Systemic View of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Rice to Facilitate Productivity. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081690. [PMID: 34451735 PMCID: PMC8401045 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate metabolism is an important biochemical process related to developmental growth and yield-related traits. Due to global climate change and rapid population growth, increasing rice yield has become vital. To understand whole carbohydrate metabolism pathways and find related clues for enhancing yield, genes in whole carbohydrate metabolism pathways were systemically dissected using meta-transcriptome data. This study identified 866 carbohydrate genes from the MapMan toolkit and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database split into 11 clusters of different anatomical expression profiles. Analysis of functionally characterized carbohydrate genes revealed that source activity and eating quality are the most well-known functions, and they each have a strong correlation with tissue-preferred clusters. To verify the transcriptomic dissection, three pollen-preferred cluster genes were used and found downregulated in the gori mutant. Finally, we summarized carbohydrate metabolism as a conceptual model in gene clusters associated with morphological traits. This systemic analysis not only provided new insights to improve rice yield but also proposed novel tissue-preferred carbohydrate genes for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jong Hong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Xu Jiang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Seok-Hyun Choi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Sun-Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
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16
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Wang M, Pérez-Garcia MD, Davière JM, Barbier F, Ogé L, Gentilhomme J, Voisine L, Péron T, Launay-Avon A, Clément G, Baumberger N, Balzergue S, Macherel D, Grappin P, Bertheloot J, Achard P, Hamama L, Sakr S. Outgrowth of the axillary bud in rose is controlled by sugar metabolism and signalling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3044-3060. [PMID: 33543244 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is a pivotal process during plant growth and development, and is antagonistically orchestrated by auxin and sugars. In contrast to extensive investigations on hormonal regulatory networks, our current knowledge on the role of sugar signalling pathways in bud outgrowth is scarce. Based on a comprehensive stepwise strategy, we investigated the role of glycolysis/the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) in the control of bud outgrowth. We demonstrated that these pathways are necessary for bud outgrowth promotion upon plant decapitation and in response to sugar availability. They are also targets of the antagonistic crosstalk between auxin and sugar availability. The two pathways act synergistically to down-regulate the expression of BRC1, a conserved inhibitor of shoot branching. Using Rosa calluses stably transformed with GFP-fused promoter sequences of RhBRC1 (pRhBRC1), glycolysis/TCA cycle and the OPPP were found to repress the transcriptional activity of pRhBRC1 cooperatively. Glycolysis/TCA cycle- and OPPP-dependent regulations involve the -1973/-1611 bp and -1206/-709 bp regions of pRhBRC1, respectively. Our findings indicate that glycolysis/TCA cycle and the OPPP are integrative parts of shoot branching control and can link endogenous factors to the developmental programme of bud outgrowth, likely through two distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | | | - Jean-Michel Davière
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - François Barbier
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Laurent Ogé
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
| | - José Gentilhomme
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Linda Voisine
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Thomas Péron
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Alexandra Launay-Avon
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, Plateau de Moulon, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Gilles Clément
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Nicolas Baumberger
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sandrine Balzergue
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
| | - David Macherel
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Philippe Grappin
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Jessica Bertheloot
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Patrick Achard
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Latifa Hamama
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Soulaiman Sakr
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
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17
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Scali M, Moscatelli A, Bini L, Onelli E, Vignani R, Wang W. Protein Analysis of Pollen Tubes after the Treatments of Membrane Trafficking Inhibitors Gains Insights on Molecular Mechanism Underlying Pollen Tube Polar Growth. Protein J 2021; 40:205-222. [PMID: 33751342 PMCID: PMC8019430 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-021-09972-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Pollen tube elongation is characterized by a highly-polarized tip growth process dependent on an efficient vesicular transport system and largely mobilized by actin cytoskeleton. Pollen tubes are an ideal model system to study exocytosis, endocytosis, membrane recycling, and signaling network coordinating cellular processes, structural organization and vesicular trafficking activities required for tip growth. Proteomic analysis was applied to identify Nicotiana tabacum Differentially Abundant Proteins (DAPs) after in vitro pollen tube treatment with membrane trafficking inhibitors Brefeldin A, Ikarugamycin and Wortmannin. Among roughly 360 proteins separated in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, a total of 40 spots visibly changing between treated and control samples were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. The identified proteins were classified according to biological processes, and most proteins were related to pollen tube energy metabolism, including ammino acid synthesis and lipid metabolism, structural features of pollen tube growth as well modification and actin cytoskeleton organization, stress response, and protein degradation. In-depth analysis of proteins corresponding to energy-related pathways revealed the male gametophyte to be a reliable model of energy reservoir and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Scali
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | | | - Luca Bini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Rita Vignani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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18
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Cheng X, Bezanilla M. SABRE populates ER domains essential for cell plate maturation and cell expansion influencing cell and tissue patterning. eLife 2021; 10:65166. [PMID: 33687329 PMCID: PMC7987345 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SABRE, which is found throughout eukaryotes and was originally identified in plants, mediates cell expansion, division plane orientation, and planar polarity in plants. How and where SABRE mediates these processes remain open questions. We deleted SABRE in Physcomitrium patens, an excellent model for cell biology. SABRE null mutants were stunted, similar to phenotypes in seed plants. Additionally, polarized growing cells were delayed in cytokinesis, sometimes resulting in catastrophic failures. A functional SABRE fluorescent fusion protein localized to dynamic puncta on regions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during interphase and at the cell plate during cell division. Without SABRE, cells accumulated ER aggregates and the ER abnormally buckled along the developing cell plate. Notably, callose deposition was delayed in ∆sabre, and in cells that failed to divide, abnormal callose accumulations formed at the cell plate. Our findings revealed a surprising and fundamental role for the ER in cell plate maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, United States
| | - Magdalena Bezanilla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, United States
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19
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Deng B, Deng J, Yi X, Zou Y, Li C. ROCK2 Promotes Osteosarcoma Growth and Glycolysis by Up-Regulating HKII via Phospho-PI3K/AKT Signalling. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:449-462. [PMID: 33500659 PMCID: PMC7823140 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s279496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone tumour that exhibits a high mortality. While tumours thrive in a state of malnutrition, the mechanism by which OS cells adapt to metabolic stress through metabolic reprogramming remains unclear. Methods We analysed the expression of ROCK2 in osteosarcoma tissues by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Cell proliferation were analysed using CCK8, EdU and colony formation assays. The level of cell glycolysis was detected by glucose-6 phosphate, glucose consumption, lactate production and ATP levels. Results Herein, our study showed that ROCK2 expression in OS tissues was higher than in adjacent tissues. Functional assays have demonstrated that ROCK2 contributes to the growth of OS cells by inducing aerobic glycolysis. The current study revealed that ROCK2 knockdown decreased the levels of mitochondrial hexokinase II (HKII). And also indicated that ROCK2 served as a key enzyme in glycolysis and that it served an important role in tumour growth. A significant positive correlation was identified between the mRNA and protein expressions of ROCK2 and HKII, further demonstrating that ROCK2-induced glycolysis and proliferation was dependent on HKII expression in OS cells. Mechanistically, ROCK2 promotes HKII expression by activating the phospho-PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Conclusion Taken together, the results of the current study linked the two drivers of OS growth and aerobic glycolysis and identified a new mechanism of ROCK2 control in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeqing Zou
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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20
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Cheng X, Mwaura BW, Chang Stauffer SR, Bezanilla M. A Fully Functional ROP Fluorescent Fusion Protein Reveals Roles for This GTPase in Subcellular and Tissue-Level Patterning. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:3436-3451. [PMID: 32917738 PMCID: PMC7610296 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Rho of Plants (ROPs) are GTPases that regulate polarity and patterned wall deposition in plants. As these small, globular proteins have many interactors, it has been difficult to ensure that methods to visualize ROP in live cells do not affect ROP function. Here, motivated by work in fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), we generated a fluorescent moss (Physcomitrium [Physcomitrella] patens) ROP4 fusion protein by inserting mNeonGreen after Gly-134. Plants harboring tagged ROP4 and no other ROP genes were phenotypically normal. Plants lacking all four ROP genes comprised an unpatterned clump of spherical cells that were unable to form gametophores, demonstrating that ROP is essentially for spatial patterning at the cellular and tissue levels. The functional ROP fusion protein formed a steep gradient at the apical plasma membranes of growing tip cells. ROP also predicted the site of branch formation in the apical cell at the onset of mitosis, which occurs one to two cell cycles before a branch cell emerges. While fluorescence recovery after photobleaching studies demonstrated that ROP dynamics do not depend on the cytoskeleton, acute depolymerization of the cytoskeleton removed ROP from the membrane only in recently divided cells, pointing to a feedback mechanism between the cell cycle, cytoskeleton, and ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Bethany W Mwaura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | | | - Magdalena Bezanilla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
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21
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Williams JH, Oliveira PE. For things to stay the same, things must change: polyploidy and pollen tube growth rates. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 125:925-935. [PMID: 31957784 PMCID: PMC7218811 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pollen tube growth rate (PTGR) is an important single-cell performance trait that may evolve rapidly under haploid selection. Angiosperms have experienced repeated cycles of polyploidy (whole genome duplication), and polyploidy has cell-level phenotypic consequences arising from increased bulk DNA amount and numbers of genes and their interactions. We sought to understand potential effects of polyploidy on several underlying determinants of PTGR - pollen tube dimensions and construction rates - by comparing diploid-polyploid near-relatives in Betula (Betulaceae) and Handroanthus (Bignoniaceae). METHODS We performed intraspecific, outcrossed hand-pollinations on pairs of flowers. In one flower, PTGR was calculated from the longest pollen tube per time of tube elongation. In the other, styles were embedded in glycol methacrylate, serial-sectioned in transverse orientation, stained and viewed at 1000× to measure tube wall thicknesses (W) and circumferences (C). Volumetric growth rate (VGR) and wall production rate (WPR) were then calculated for each tube by multiplying cross-sectional tube area (πr2) or wall area (W × C), by the mean PTGR of each maternal replicate respectively. KEY RESULTS In Betula and Handroanthus, the hexaploid species had significantly wider pollen tubes (13 and 25 %, respectively) and significantly higher WPRs (22 and 18 %, respectively) than their diploid congeners. PTGRs were not significantly different in both pairs, even though wider polyploid tubes were predicted to decrease PTGRs by 16 and 20 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The larger tube sizes of polyploids imposed a substantial materials cost on PTGR, but polyploids also exhibited higher VGRs and WPRs, probably reflecting the evolution of increased metabolic activity. Recurrent cycles of polyploidy followed by genome reorganization may have been important for the evolution of fast PTGRs in angiosperms, involving a complex interplay between correlated changes in ploidy level, genome size, cell size and pollen tube energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Williams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Paulo E Oliveira
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais 38405-320 Brazil
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22
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Vogler H, Santos-Fernandez G, Mecchia MA, Grossniklaus U. To preserve or to destroy, that is the question: the role of the cell wall integrity pathway in pollen tube growth. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 52:131-139. [PMID: 31648148 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In plants, cell-shape is defined by the cell wall, a complex network of polymers located outside the plasma membrane. During cell growth, cell wall properties have to be adjusted, assuring cell expansion without compromising cell integrity. Plasma membrane-located receptors sense cell wall properties, transducing extracellular signals into intracellular cascades through the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway that, in turn, leads to adjustments in the regulation and composition of the cell wall. Using pollen tube growth as a single celled model system, we describe the importance of RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR (RALF) peptides as sensors of cell wall integrity. RALF peptides can mediate the communication between cell wall components and plasma membrane-localized receptor-like kinases (RLKs) of the CrRLK1L family. The subsequent activation of intracellular pathways regulates H+, Ca2+, and ROS levels in the cell and apoplast, thereby modulating cell wall integrity. Interestingly, the RALF-CrRLK1L module and some of the components working up- and downstream of the RLK is conserved in many other developmental and physiological signaling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Vogler
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gorka Santos-Fernandez
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin A Mecchia
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Grossniklaus
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
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23
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Scheible N, McCubbin A. Signaling in Pollen Tube Growth: Beyond the Tip of the Polarity Iceberg. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E156. [PMID: 31181594 PMCID: PMC6630365 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The coordinated growth of pollen tubes through floral tissues to deliver the sperm cells to the egg and facilitate fertilization is a highly regulated process critical to the Angiosperm life cycle. Studies suggest that the concerted action of a variety of signaling pathways underlies the rapid polarized tip growth exhibited by pollen tubes. Ca2+ and small GTPase-mediated pathways have emerged as major players in the regulation of pollen tube growth. Evidence suggests that these two signaling pathways not only integrate with one another but also with a variety of other important signaling events. As we continue to elucidate the mechanisms involved in pollen tube growth, there is a growing importance in taking a holistic approach to studying these pathways in order to truly understand how tip growth in pollen tubes is orchestrated and maintained. This review considers our current state of knowledge of Ca2+-mediated and GTPase signaling pathways in pollen tubes, how they may intersect with one another, and other signaling pathways involved. There will be a particular focus on recent reports that have extended our understanding in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan Scheible
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA.
| | - Andrew McCubbin
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA.
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
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24
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Li R, Qiu Z, Wang X, Gong P, Xu Q, Yu QB, Guan Y. Pooled CRISPR/Cas9 reveals redundant roles of plastidial phosphoglycerate kinases in carbon fixation and metabolism. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 98:1078-1089. [PMID: 30834637 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) is a highly conserved reversible enzyme that participates in both glycolysis and photosynthesis. In Arabidopsis thaliana, one cytosolic PGK (PGKc) and two plastidial PGKs (PGKp) are known. It remains debatable whether the two PGKp isozymes are functionally redundant or specialized in plastidial carbon metabolism and fixation. Here, using a pooled clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) strategy, we found that plants with single mutations in pgkp1 or pgkp2 were not significantly affected, whereas a pgkp1pgkp2 double mutation was lethal due to retarded carbon fixation, suggesting that PGKp isozymes play redundant functional roles. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated that the sugar-deficient pgkp1pgkp2 double mutation was partially complemented by exogenous sugar, although respiration intermediates were not rescued. Chloroplast development was defective in pgkp1pgkp2, due to a deficiency in glycolysis-dependent galactoglycerolipid biosynthesis. Ectopic expression of a plastid targeting PGKc did not reverse the pgkp1pgkp2 double-mutant phenotypes. Therefore, PGKp1 and PGKp2 play redundant roles in carbon fixation and metabolism, whereas the molecular function of PGKc is more divergent. Our study demonstrated the functional conservation and divergence of glycolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizi Li
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhimin Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Xiaoguo Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Pingping Gong
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qinzhen Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Qing-Bo Yu
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuefeng Guan
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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25
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Johnson MA, Harper JF, Palanivelu R. A Fruitful Journey: Pollen Tube Navigation from Germination to Fertilization. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 70:809-837. [PMID: 30822112 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, pollen tubes undergo tip growth to deliver two nonmotile sperm to the ovule where they fuse with an egg and central cell to achieve double fertilization. This extended journey involves rapid growth and changes in gene activity that manage compatible interactions with at least seven different cell types. Nearly half of the genome is expressed in haploid pollen, which facilitates genetic analysis, even of essential genes. These unique attributes make pollen an ideal system with which to study plant cell-cell interactions, tip growth, cell migration, the modulation of cell wall integrity, and gene expression networks. We highlight the signaling systems required for pollen tube navigation and the potential roles of Ca2+ signals. The dynamics of pollen development make sexual reproduction highly sensitive to heat stress. Understanding this vulnerability may generate strategies to improve seed crop yields that are under threat from climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA;
| | - Jeffrey F Harper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA;
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