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Filograna R, Gerlach J, Choi HN, Rigoni G, Barbaro M, Oscarson M, Lee S, Tiklova K, Ringnér M, Koolmeister C, Wibom R, Riggare S, Nennesmo I, Perlmann T, Wredenberg A, Wedell A, Motori E, Svenningsson P, Larsson NG. PARKIN is not required to sustain OXPHOS function in adult mammalian tissues. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:93. [PMID: 38684669 PMCID: PMC11058849 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00707-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function variants in the PRKN gene encoding the ubiquitin E3 ligase PARKIN cause autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). Extensive in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that PARKIN is involved in multiple pathways of mitochondrial quality control, including mitochondrial degradation and biogenesis. However, these findings are surrounded by substantial controversy due to conflicting experimental data. In addition, the existing PARKIN-deficient mouse models have failed to faithfully recapitulate PD phenotypes. Therefore, we have investigated the mitochondrial role of PARKIN during ageing and in response to stress by employing a series of conditional Parkin knockout mice. We report that PARKIN loss does not affect oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) levels in the brain, heart, and skeletal muscle of aged mice. We also demonstrate that PARKIN deficiency does not exacerbate the brain defects and the pro-inflammatory phenotype observed in mice carrying high levels of mtDNA mutations. To rule out compensatory mechanisms activated during embryonic development of Parkin-deficient mice, we generated a mouse model where loss of PARKIN was induced in adult dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Surprisingly, also these mice did not show motor impairment or neurodegeneration, and no major transcriptional changes were found in isolated midbrain DA neurons. Finally, we report a patient with compound heterozygous PRKN pathogenic variants that lacks PARKIN and has developed PD. The PARKIN deficiency did not impair OXPHOS activities or induce mitochondrial pathology in skeletal muscle from the patient. Altogether, our results argue that PARKIN is dispensable for OXPHOS function in adult mammalian tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Filograna
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jule Gerlach
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hae-Na Choi
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Giovanni Rigoni
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michela Barbaro
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Oscarson
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Seungmin Lee
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Tiklova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Ringnér
- Department of Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Camilla Koolmeister
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rolf Wibom
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Riggare
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Inger Nennesmo
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Perlmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Wredenberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Wedell
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisa Motori
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nils-Göran Larsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Chernyshova EV, Potanina DV, Sadovnikova IS, Krutskikh EP, Volodina DE, Samoylova NA, Gureev AP. The study of the protective effect of mitochondrial uncouplers during acute toxicity of the fungicide difenoconazole in different organs of mice. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2024; 70:41-51. [PMID: 38450680 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20247001041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides represent a serious problem for agricultural workers due to their neurotoxic effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of pharmacological oxidative phosphorylation uncouplers to reduce the effect of the difenoconazole fungicide on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of various organs in mice. Injections of difenoconazole caused cognitive deficits in mice, and the protonophore 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) and Azur I (AzI), a demethylated metabolite of methylene blue (MB), prevented the deterioration of cognitive abilities in mice induced by difenoconazole. Difenoconazole increased the rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, likely through inhibition of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. After intraperitoneal administration of difenoconazole lungs, testes and midbrain were most sensitive to the accumulation of mtDNA damage. In contrast, the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were not tolerant to the effects of difenoconazole. The protonophore 2,4-DNP reduced the rate of ROS formation and significantly reduced the amount of mtDNA damage caused by difenoconazole in the midbrain, and partially, in the lungs and testes. MB, an alternative electron carrier capable of bypassing inhibited complex I, had no effect on the effect of difenoconazole on mtDNA, while its metabolite AzI, a demethylated metabolite of MB, was able to protect the mtDNA of the midbrain and testes. Thus, mitochondria-targeted therapy is a promising approach to reduce pesticide toxicity for agricultural workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A P Gureev
- Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia; Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, Russia
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Biswas S, Bagchi A. Analysis of the structural dynamics of the mutations in the kinase domain of PINK1 protein associated with Parkinson's disease. Gene 2023; 857:147183. [PMID: 36623675 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a very common neurodegenerative disorder and is considered to be one of the most severe disorders worldwide. Mutations in some PD causing genes are responsible for the early onset of the disease. Pathogenic variants in parkin, PINK1 and DJ1 genes can cause early-onset of PD. Many PINK1 gene mutations have been reported, but not all variants are pathogenic. The gene product of PINK1, also known as PINK1 protein, has 581 amino acid residues in it. Several different mutations are present throughout the kinase domain of PINK1 protein. In this work, we used in silico approaches to analyze the different types of mutations that are distributed in the kinase domain of the PINK1 protein. Based on our results, we categorized the mutations as high, moderate and low pathogenic variants. Furthermore, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of the pathogenic PINK1 variants to decipher their possible impacts on the structure and made a comparison with the wild type PINK1. In conclusion, we suggested the possible mechanistic roles of the pathogenic variants of PINK1 kinase domain that can affect its function. These pathogenic variants are the causative agents of early onset of PD called autosomal recessive Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani - 741235, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Angshuman Bagchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani - 741235, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
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Magalhães JD, Cardoso SM. Mitochondrial signaling on innate immunity activation in Parkinson disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 78:102664. [PMID: 36535149 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) in the nigrostriatal pathway that is followed by severe neuroinflammatory response. PD etiology is still puzzling; however, the mitocentric view might explain the vast majority of molecular findings not only in the brain, but also at systemic level. While neuronal degeneration is tightly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, the causal role between aSyn accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction still requires further investigation. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunction can elicit an inflammatory response that may be transmitted locally but also in a long range through systemic circulation. Furthermore, mitochondrial-driven innate immune activation may involve the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides, of which aSyn poses as a good candidate. While there is still a need to clarify disease-elicited mechanisms and how aSyn has the ability to modulate mitochondrial and cellular dysfunction, recent studies provide insightful views on mitochondria-inflammation axis in PD etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- João D Magalhães
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Programme in Biomedicine and Experimental Biology (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Morais Cardoso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Wang Z, Miu KK, Chan SW, Ou F, Wai-Nok Law P, Chan WY. Genome-wide 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) reassigned in Pten-depleted mESCs along neural differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:956604. [PMID: 36619862 PMCID: PMC9814970 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.956604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation have been implicated in the regulatory dynamics of gene expression in normal development and differentiation. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), created by the ten-eleven translocation (TET) protein-catalyzed oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC), is abundant in the brain, but the genome-wide distribution and impact of 5hmC during diverse neuronal differentiation remain unknown. Here, we used an in vitro model to differentiate mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) into ventral midbrain and hindbrain neural progenitors, followed by characterizing global 5hmC distribution using a nano-5hmC-seal approach. The 5hmC pattern was dynamic in promoter, exon, and enhancer regions, associated with gene activation and repression. For example, ventral midbrain markers (Lmx1a, Otx2, and Th) and hindbrain markers (Hoxa1, Zic1, and Tph1) acquire 5hmC and are upregulated during differentiation. Among the differentially expressed genes involved in both midbrain and hindbrain lineage commitment, phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) was identified as a key regulator for neuronal development. We confirmed that Pten knockout disrupted the normal differentiation of midbrain/hindbrain neural progenitors, resulting in immature neurons. In addition, 5421 and 4624 differentially hydroxymethylated regions (DhMRs) were identified in the differentiation of Pten-/- mESC into ventral midbrain and hindbrain progenitors, respectively. Gene ontology analysis showed that the majority of these DhMRs were associated with neurogenesis, ectoderm development, and signal transduction. Moreover, further combinational analysis of the 5hmC pattern and transcriptomic profile in the midbrain progenitor cells demonstrated Pten as a toggle to modulate mitochondrial associated pathways. Therefore, our findings elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying lineage-specific differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to the midbrain/hindbrain progenitors, where Pten participates as one key regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangting Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai-Kei Miu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,*Correspondence: Kai-Kei Miu, ; Wai-Yee Chan,
| | - See-Wing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fanghong Ou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick Wai-Nok Law
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai-Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,*Correspondence: Kai-Kei Miu, ; Wai-Yee Chan,
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6
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González-García P, Díaz-Casado ME, Hidalgo-Gutiérrez A, Jiménez-Sánchez L, Bakkali M, Barriocanal-Casado E, Escames G, Chiozzi RZ, Völlmy F, Zaal EA, Berkers CR, Heck AJR, López LC. The Q-junction and the inflammatory response are critical pathological and therapeutic factors in CoQ deficiency. Redox Biol 2022; 55:102403. [PMID: 35863266 PMCID: PMC9301574 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in Coenzyme Q (CoQ) metabolism have been associated with primary mitochondrial disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic conditions. The consequences of CoQ deficiency have not been fully addressed, and effective treatment remains challenging. Here, we use mice with primary CoQ deficiency (Coq9R239X), and we demonstrate that CoQ deficiency profoundly alters the Q-junction, leading to extensive changes in the mitochondrial proteome and metabolism in the kidneys and, to a lesser extent, in the brain. CoQ deficiency also induces reactive gliosis, which mediates a neuroinflammatory response, both of which lead to an encephalopathic phenotype. Importantly, treatment with either vanillic acid (VA) or β-resorcylic acid (β-RA), two analogs of the natural precursor for CoQ biosynthesis, partially restores CoQ metabolism, particularly in the kidneys, and induces profound normalization of the mitochondrial proteome and metabolism, ultimately leading to reductions in gliosis, neuroinflammation and spongiosis and, consequently, reversing the phenotype. Together, these results provide key mechanistic insights into defects in CoQ metabolism and identify potential disease biomarkers. Furthermore, our findings clearly indicate that the use of analogs of the CoQ biosynthetic precursor is a promising alternative therapy for primary CoQ deficiency and has potential for use in the treatment of more common neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases that are associated with secondary CoQ deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar González-García
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - María Elena Díaz-Casado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Agustín Hidalgo-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Mohammed Bakkali
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Eliana Barriocanal-Casado
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Genomic Medicine Department, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Germaine Escames
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Riccardo Zenezini Chiozzi
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CH, Utrecht, Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Franziska Völlmy
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CH, Utrecht, Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther A Zaal
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Celia R Berkers
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CH, Utrecht, Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Luis C López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain.
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7
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Maurya SK, Gupta S, Bakshi A, Kaur H, Jain A, Senapati S, Baghel MS. Targeting mitochondria in the regulation of neurodegenerative diseases: A comprehensive review. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1845-1861. [PMID: 35856508 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are one of the essential cellular organelles. Apart from being considered as the powerhouse of the cell, mitochondria have been widely known to regulate redox reaction, inflammation, cell survival, cell death, metabolism, etc., and are implicated in the progression of numerous disease conditions including neurodegenerative diseases. Since brain is an energy-demanding organ, mitochondria and their functions are important for maintaining normal brain homeostasis. Alterations in mitochondrial gene expression, mutations, and epigenetic modification contribute to inflammation and neurodegeneration. Dysregulation of reactive oxygen species production by mitochondria and aggregation of proteins in neurons leads to alteration in mitochondria functions which further causes neuronal death and progression of neurodegeneration. Pharmacological studies have prioritized mitochondria as a possible drug target in the regulation of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the present review article has been intended to provide a comprehensive understanding of mitochondrial role in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases mainly Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis followed by possible intervention and future treatment strategies to combat mitochondrial-mediated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suchi Gupta
- Stem Cell Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Amrita Bakshi
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Arushi Jain
- Immunogenomics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sabyasachi Senapati
- Immunogenomics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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