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Zhang Y, Liang S, Zhang S, Bai Q, Dai L, Wang J, Yao H, Zhang W, Liu G. Streptococcal arginine deiminase system defences macrophage bactericidal effect mediated by XRE family protein XtrSs. Virulence 2024; 15:2306719. [PMID: 38251714 PMCID: PMC10841013 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2306719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The arginine deiminase system (ADS) has been identified in various bacteria and functions to supplement energy production and enhance biological adaptability. The current understanding of the regulatory mechanism of ADS and its effect on bacterial pathogenesis is still limited. Here, we found that the XRE family transcriptional regulator XtrSs negatively affected Streptococcus suis virulence and significantly repressed ADS transcription when the bacteria were incubated in blood. Electrophoretic mobility shift (EMSA) and lacZ fusion assays further showed that XtrSs directly bind to the promoter of ArgR, an acknowledged positive regulator of bacterial ADS, to repress ArgR transcription. Moreover, we provided compelling evidence that S. suis could utilize arginine via ADS to adapt to acid stress, while ΔxtrSs enhanced this acid resistance by upregulating the ADS operon. Moreover, whole ADS-knockout S. suis increased arginine and antimicrobial NO in the infected macrophage cells, decreased intracellular survival, and even caused significant attenuation of bacterial virulence in a mouse infection model, while ΔxtrSs consistently presented the opposite results. Our experiments identified a novel ADS regulatory mechanism in S. suis, whereby XtrSs regulated ADS to modulate NO content in macrophages, promoting S. suis intracellular survival. Meanwhile, our findings provide a new perspective on how Streptococci evade the host's innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Zhang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Song Liang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shidan Zhang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiankun Bai
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Dai
- Hainan Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Haikou, China
| | - Jinxiu Wang
- Hainan Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Haikou, China
| | - Huochun Yao
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangjin Liu
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Liu J, Wang J, Zhang Z, Bai Q, Pan X, Chen R, Yao H, Yu Y, Ma J. Streptococcus suis Deploys Multiple ATP-Dependent Proteases for Heat Stress Adaptation. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:e2400030. [PMID: 39031597 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202400030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important zoonotic pathogen, causing cytokine storms of Streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome amongst humans after a wound infection into the bloodstream. To overcome the challenges of fever and leukocyte recruitment, invasive S. suis must deploy multiple stress responses forming a network and utilize proteases to degrade short-lived regulatory and misfolded proteins induced by adverse stresses, thereby adapting and evading host immune responses. In this study, we found that S. suis encodes multiple ATP-dependent proteases, including single-chain FtsH and double-subunit Clp protease complexes ClpAP, ClpBP, ClpCP, and ClpXP, which were activated as the fever of infected mice in vivo. The expression of genes ftsH, clpA/B/C, and clpP, but not clpX, were significantly upregulated in S. suis in response to heat stress, while were not changed notably under the treatments with several other stresses, including oxidative, acidic, and cold stimulation. FtsH and ClpP were required for S. suis survival within host blood under heat stress in vitro and in vivo. Deletion of ftsH or clpP attenuated the tolerance of S. suis to heat, oxidative and acidic stresses, and significantly impaired the bacterial survival within macrophages. Further analysis identified that repressor CtsR directly binds and controls the clpA/B/C and clpP operons and is relieved by heat stress. In summary, the deployments of multiple ATP-dependent proteases form a flexible heat stress response network that appears to allow S. suis to fine-tune the degradation or refolding of the misfolded proteins to maintain cellular homeostasis and optimal survival during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- Suzhou Xiangcheng Fisheries Technology Promotion Center, Suzhou Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiankun Bai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinming Pan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huochun Yao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Yu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiale Ma
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Yun AE, Johnson LB. Recurrent streptococcal toxic shock syndrome due to distinct episodes of Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus agalactiae septic arthritis. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e260409. [PMID: 39142840 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2024-260409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is an uncommon disorder characterised by hypotension and multiorgan failure in the setting of streptococcal infection. Recurrent STSS is rare and has been due to recurrence of the same streptococcal species. Here, we present a case of a patient who developed recurrent STSS from a Streptococcus dysgalactiae right native joint septic arthritis and subsequently from a Streptococcus agalactiae left native joint septic arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonard B Johnson
- Infectious Disease, Ascension St John Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Hayasaka T, Ono T, Takeuchi T, Sato A, Kikuchi Y, Kinebuchi T, Tanino M, Okada M, Nakagawa N. Fulminant Streptococcus suis Infection Causing Myocardial Damage and Toxic Shock-Like Syndrome: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e66625. [PMID: 39258080 PMCID: PMC11386272 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.66625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
There have been no prior reports of direct myocardial damage caused by Streptococcus suis (S. suis), and understanding the clinical course of myocardial involvement is crucial for early diagnosis and initiation of treatment for this infection. A male pig farmer presented as an outpatient with a fever and sore throat, but within hours, his cardiac function declined, and his general condition deteriorated. Despite receiving comprehensive treatment, he succumbed to complications associated with toxic shock-like syndrome (TSLS). Blood cultures identified S. suis, and myocardial pathology revealed the presence of this bacterium in necrotic areas. This case marks the first reported instance of myocardial damage accompanied by TSLS due to S. suis, highlighting the significance of this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Hayasaka
- Division of Cardiology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, JPN
| | - Toshiyuki Ono
- Division of Cardiology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, JPN
| | - Toshiharu Takeuchi
- Division of Cardiology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, JPN
| | - Ayaka Sato
- Division of Cardiology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, JPN
| | - Yuta Kikuchi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, JPN
| | - Takahiro Kinebuchi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Social Welfare Corporation Hokkaido Social Work Association Furano Hospital, Furano, JPN
| | - Mishie Tanino
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, JPN
| | - Motoi Okada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, JPN
| | - Naoki Nakagawa
- Division of Cardiology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, JPN
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Yin S, Yuan M, Zhang S, Chen H, Zhou J, He T, Li G, Yu Y, Zhang F, Li M, Zhao Y. Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Type IV Secretion Effector SspA-1 Induces Proinflammatory Cytokine Production via TLR2 Endosomal and Type I Interferon Signaling. J Infect Dis 2024; 230:188-197. [PMID: 39052722 PMCID: PMC11272045 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The subtilisin-like protease-1 (SspA-1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of a highly virulent strain of Streptococcus suis 2. However, the mechanism of SspA-1-triggered excessive inflammatory response is still unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that activation of type I IFN signaling is required for SspA-1-induced excessive proinflammatory cytokine production. Further experiments showed that the TLR2 endosomal pathway mediates SspA-1-induced type I IFN signaling and the inflammatory response. Finally, we mapped the major signaling components of the related pathway and found that the TIR adaptor proteins Mal, TRAM, and MyD88 and the downstream activation of IRF1 and IRF7 were involved in this pathway. These results explain the molecular mechanism by which SspA-1 triggers an excessive inflammatory response and reveal a novel effect of type I IFN in S. suis 2 infection, possibly providing further insights into the pathogenesis of this highly virulent S. suis 2 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supeng Yin
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengmeng Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sirui Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongdan Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tongyu He
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanlan Yu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Gao S, Mao C, Yuan S, Quan Y, Jin W, Shen Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Yi L, Wang Y. AI-2 quorum sensing-induced galactose metabolism activation in Streptococcus suis enhances capsular polysaccharide-associated virulence. Vet Res 2024; 55:80. [PMID: 38886823 PMCID: PMC11184709 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01335-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria utilize intercellular communication to orchestrate essential cellular processes, adapt to environmental changes, develop antibiotic tolerance, and enhance virulence. This communication, known as quorum sensing (QS), is mediated by the exchange of small signalling molecules called autoinducers. AI-2 QS, regulated by the metabolic enzyme LuxS (S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase), acts as a universal intercellular communication mechanism across gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is crucial for diverse bacterial processes. In this study, we demonstrated that in Streptococcus suis (S. suis), a notable zoonotic pathogen, AI-2 QS enhances galactose utilization, upregulates the Leloir pathway for capsular polysaccharide (CPS) precursor production, and boosts CPS synthesis, leading to increased resistance to macrophage phagocytosis. Additionally, our molecular docking and dynamics simulations suggest that, similar to S. pneumoniae, FruA, a fructose-specific phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system prevalent in gram-positive pathogens, may also function as an AI-2 membrane surface receptor in S. suis. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the significance of AI-2 in the synthesis of galactose metabolism-dependent CPS in S. suis. Additionally, we conducted a preliminary analysis of the potential role of FruA as a membrane surface receptor for S. suis AI-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
- College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Chenlong Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Yingying Quan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Wenjie Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Yamin Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Li Yi
- College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, China.
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, 471003, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China.
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, 471003, China.
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7
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Chen H, Shi Y, Huang M, Lu T, Zhang H, Zhou C, Hou T, Feng Y. Recognition and acquisition of FakB2-loaded exogenous fatty acid (eFA) by a streptococcal FakA kinase. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024:S2095-9273(24)00349-9. [PMID: 38806393 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Failure, Ministry of Education, Departments of Microbiology and General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Failure, Ministry of Education, Departments of Microbiology and General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Man Huang
- Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Failure, Ministry of Education, Departments of Microbiology and General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ting Lu
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, USA
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, USA
| | - Chun Zhou
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Tingjun Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Youjun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Failure, Ministry of Education, Departments of Microbiology and General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518444, China.
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8
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Liu T, Liu H, Jia Y. Streptococcus suis meningitis in China: a case report. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1369703. [PMID: 38808002 PMCID: PMC11130402 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1369703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Streptococcus suis is one of the porcine pathogens that have recently emerged as a pathogen capable of causing zoonoses in some humans. Patients infected with S. suis can present with sepsis, meningitis, or arthritis. Compared to common pathogens, such as Meningococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae, S. suis infections in humans have been reported only rarely. Methods This case report described a 57-year-old man who presented with impaired consciousness and fever following several days of backache. He was a butcher who worked in an abattoir and had wounded his hands 2 weeks prior. The patient was dependent on alcohol for almost 40 years. S. suis was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid by metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Although he received adequate meropenem and low-dose steroid therapy, the patient suffered from bilateral sudden deafness after 5 days of the infection. The final diagnosis was S. suis meningitis and sepsis. Results The patient survived with hearing loss in both ears and dizziness at the 60-day follow-up. Discussion We reported a case of S. suis infection manifested as purulent meningitis and sepsis. Based on literature published worldwide, human S. suis meningitis shows an acute onset and rapid progression in the nervous system. Similar to bacterial meningitis, effective antibiotics, and low-dose steroids play important roles in the treatment of human S. suis meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hengfang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanjie Jia
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Dong J, Zhang Q, Yang J, Zhao Y, Miao Z, Pei S, Qin H, Jing C, Wen G, Zhang A, Tao P. BacScan: a novel genome-wide strategy for uncovering broadly immunogenic proteins in bacteria. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1392456. [PMID: 38779673 PMCID: PMC11109440 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1392456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In response to the global threat posed by bacterial pathogens, which are the second leading cause of death worldwide, vaccine development is challenged by the diversity of bacterial serotypes and the lack of immunoprotection across serotypes. To address this, we introduce BacScan, a novel genome-wide technology for the rapid discovery of conserved highly immunogenic proteins (HIPs) across serotypes. Using bacterial-specific serum, BacScan combines phage display, immunoprecipitation, and next-generation sequencing to comprehensively identify all the HIPs in a single assay, thereby paving the way for the development of universally protective vaccines. Our validation of this technique with Streptococcus suis, a major pathogenic threat, led to the identification of 19 HIPs, eight of which conferred 20-100% protection against S. suis challenge in animal models. Remarkably, HIP 8455 induced complete immunity, making it an exemplary vaccine target. BacScan's adaptability to any bacterial pathogen positions it as a revolutionary tool that can expedite the development of vaccines with broad efficacy, thus playing a critical role in curbing bacterial transmission and slowing the march of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Lab, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Lab, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Lab, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yacan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Lab, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuangxia Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Lab, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Siyang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Lab, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huan Qin
- College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Changwei Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Lab, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guoyuan Wen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Anding Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Lab, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Pan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Lab, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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10
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Zhou Y, Tu T, Yao X, Luo Y, Yang Z, Ren M, Zhang G, Yu Y, Lu A, Wang Y. Pan-genome analysis of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 highlights genes associated with virulence and antibiotic resistance. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1362316. [PMID: 38450165 PMCID: PMC10915096 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1362316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is a Gram-positive bacterium. It is a common and significant pathogen in pigs and a common cause of zoonotic meningitis in humans. It can lead to sepsis, endocarditis, arthritis, and pneumonia. If not diagnosed and treated promptly, it has a high mortality rate. The pan-genome of SS2 is open, and with an increasing number of genes, the core genome and accessory genome may exhibit more pronounced differences. Due to the diversity of SS2, the genes related to its virulence and resistance are still unclear. In this study, a strain of SS2 was isolated from a pig farm in Sichuan Province, China, and subjected to whole-genome sequencing and characterization. Subsequently, we conducted a Pan-Genome-Wide Association Study (Pan-GWAS) on 230 strains of SS2. Our analysis indicates that the core genome is composed of 1,458 genes related to the basic life processes of the bacterium. The accessory genome, consisting of 4,337 genes, is highly variable and a major contributor to the genetic diversity of SS2. Furthermore, we identified important virulence and resistance genes in SS2 through pan-GWAS. The virulence genes of SS2 are mainly associated with bacterial adhesion. In addition, resistance genes in the core genome may confer natural resistance of SS2 to fluoroquinolone and glycopeptide antibiotics. This study lays the foundation for further research on the virulence and resistance of SS2, providing potential new drug and vaccine targets against SS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Teng Tu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueping Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zexiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meishen Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Gao S, Shen Y, Yuan S, Quan Y, Li X, Wang Y, Yi L, Wang Y. Methyl anthranilate deteriorates biofilm structure of Streptococcus suis and antagonizes the capsular polysaccharide defence effect. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 62:106996. [PMID: 37788717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus suis is an important zoonotic pathogen that often causes biofilm-associated infection. Bacterial biofilm-dependent infection is associated with enhanced drug resistance, making it difficult to eradicate. Novel therapeutic approaches are required urgently to treat infections associated with S. suis biofilm. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of methyl anthranilate (MA) on S. suis biofilm. METHODS The effect of MA on S. suis biofilm was determined using the crystal violet method, and the microstructure of the biofilm was observed by electron microscopy. The effects on capsular polysaccharides were determined using the phenol-sulphuric acid method and high-performance liquid chromatography. Adhesion and antiphagocytosis properties of S. suis were detected via cell assays. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and enzyme activity inhibition assays were used to further explore the effect of MA on AI-2 quorum sensing (QS) of S. suis. Finally, the therapeutic effect of MA was investigated using a mouse infection model. RESULTS MA destroyed the structure of S. suis biofilm, hindered biofilm formation, and reduced the synthesis of capsular polysaccharides significantly, which further weakened the adhesion and antiphagocytosis ability of S. suis. MA had a docking effect and binding site (SER76 and ASP197) similar to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). Further analysis showed that MA competitively bound 5'-methyladenosine/S-adenosine homocysteine nucleosidase with SAH to interfere with AI-2 QS. In a mouse model, MA reduced the bacterial burden and inflammatory infiltrates effectively. CONCLUSION This study revealed the antibiofilm effects of MA, and highlighted its potential as a QS inhibitor against S. suis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Henan Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, China
| | - Yamin Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Henan Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Henan Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, China
| | - Yingying Quan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Henan Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, China
| | - Xingping Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Henan Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Henan Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, China
| | - Li Yi
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, China; College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Henan Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, China.
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12
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Jin M, Liang S, Wang J, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Liu S, Xie F. Endopeptidase O promotes Streptococcus suis immune evasion by cleaving the host- defence peptide cathelicidins. Virulence 2023; 14:2283896. [PMID: 38010345 PMCID: PMC10732652 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2283896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic Gram-positive bacterium that causes invasive infections such as sepsis and meningitis, threatening public health worldwide. For successful establishment of infection, the bacterium should subvert the innate effectors of immune defence, including the cathelicidin family of host-defence peptides that combat pathogenic bacteria by directly disrupting cell membranes and coordinating immune responses. Here, our study shows that an extracellular endopeptidase O (PepO) of S. suis contributes to assisting the bacterium to resist cathelicidin-mediated killing, as the deletion of the pepO gene makes S. suis more sensitive to the human cathelicidin LL-37, as well as its mouse equivalent, mCRAMP. This protease targets and cleaves both LL-37 and mCRAMP, degrading them into shorter peptides with only a few amino acids, thereby abrogating their ability to kill S. suis. By cleaving LL-37 and mCRAMP, PepO impairs their chemotactic properties for neutrophil migration and undermines their anti-apoptosis activity, which is required for prolonging neutrophil lifespan. Also, PepO inhibits the ability of LL-37 and mCRAMP to promote lysosome development in macrophages. Moreover, the loss of PepO attenuates organ injury and decreases bacterial burdens in a murine model of S. suis bacteraemia. Taken together, these data provide novel insights into the role of the intrinsic proteolytic characteristics of PepO in S. suis-host interaction. Our findings demonstrate that S. suis utilizes the PepO protease to cleave cathelicidins, which is an immunosuppressive strategy adopted by this bacterium to facilitate pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Siyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wanjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Siguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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13
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Wang Z, Zhou Y, Guo G, Li Q, Yu Y, Zhang W. Promising potential of machine learning-assisted MALDI-TOF MS as an effective detector for Streptococcus suis serotype 2 and virulence thereof. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0128423. [PMID: 37861326 PMCID: PMC10686076 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01284-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE To the best of our knowledge, this study reveals a strong correlation between mass spectra pattern and virulence phenotype among S. suis for the first time. In order to make the findings applicable and to excavate the intrinsic information in the spectra, the classifiers based on the machine learning algorithms were established, and RF (Random Forest)-based models have achieved an accuracy of over 90%. Overall, this study will pave the way for virulent SS2 (Streptococcus suis serotype 2) rapid detection, and the important findings on the association between genotype and mass spectrum may provide a new idea for the genotype-dependent detection of specific pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agriculture University, Sanya, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agriculture University, Sanya, China
| | - Genglin Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agriculture University, Sanya, China
| | - Quan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agriculture University, Sanya, China
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14
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Zhang Y, Li R, Li Q, Zhu Y, Yang X, Zhao D, Zong B. Orphan response regulator CovR plays positive regulative functions in the survivability and pathogenicity of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 isolated from a pig. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:243. [PMID: 37990198 PMCID: PMC10664645 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (S. suis 2) is an important zoonotic pathogen. Orphan response regulator CovR plays crucial regulative functions in the survivability and pathogenicity of S. suis 2. However, research on the CovR in S. suis 2 is limited. RESULTS In this study, the regulative functions of CovR in the survivability and pathogenicity were investigated in S. suis 2 isolated from a diseased pig. The deletion of CovR significantly weakened the survivability and pathogenicity of S. suis 2. Compared with the wild-type strain, ΔcovR showed slower growth rates and thinner capsular polysaccharides. Moreover, ΔcovR showed reduced adhesion and invasion to Hep-2 cells as well as anti-phagocytosis and anti-killing ability to 3D4 cells and anti-serum killing ability. In addition, the deletion of CovR significantly reduced the colonisation ability of S. suis 2 in mice. The survival rate of mice infected with ΔcovR was increased by 16.7% compared with that of mice infected with S. suis 2. Further, the deletion of CovR led to dramatic changes in metabolism-related pathways in S. suis 2, five of those, including fructose and mannose metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, ABC transporters, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism and phosphotransferase system, were significantly down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, CovR plays positive regulative functions in the survivability and pathogenicity of S. suis 2 SC19 strain isolated from a pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Rui Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Qian Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Yongwei Zhu
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaopei Yang
- Wuhan animal disease control center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Bingbing Zong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.
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15
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Murray GGR, Hossain ASMM, Miller EL, Bruchmann S, Balmer AJ, Matuszewska M, Herbert J, Hadjirin NF, Mugabi R, Li G, Ferrando ML, Fernandes de Oliveira IM, Nguyen T, Yen PLK, Phuc HD, Zaw Moe A, Su Wai T, Gottschalk M, Aragon V, Valentin-Weigand P, Heegaard PMH, Vrieling M, Thein Maw M, Thidar Myint H, Tun Win Y, Thi Hoa N, Bentley SD, Clavijo MJ, Wells JM, Tucker AW, Weinert LA. The emergence and diversification of a zoonotic pathogen from within the microbiota of intensively farmed pigs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307773120. [PMID: 37963246 PMCID: PMC10666105 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307773120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The expansion and intensification of livestock production is predicted to promote the emergence of pathogens. As pathogens sometimes jump between species, this can affect the health of humans as well as livestock. Here, we investigate how livestock microbiota can act as a source of these emerging pathogens through analysis of Streptococcus suis, a ubiquitous component of the respiratory microbiota of pigs that is also a major cause of disease on pig farms and an important zoonotic pathogen. Combining molecular dating, phylogeography, and comparative genomic analyses of a large collection of isolates, we find that several pathogenic lineages of S. suis emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries, during an early period of growth in pig farming. These lineages have since spread between countries and continents, mirroring trade in live pigs. They are distinguished by the presence of three genomic islands with putative roles in metabolism and cell adhesion, and an ongoing reduction in genome size, which may reflect their recent shift to a more pathogenic ecology. Reconstructions of the evolutionary histories of these islands reveal constraints on pathogen emergence that could inform control strategies, with pathogenic lineages consistently emerging from one subpopulation of S. suis and acquiring genes through horizontal transfer from other pathogenic lineages. These results shed light on the capacity of the microbiota to rapidly evolve to exploit changes in their host population and suggest that the impact of changes in farming on the pathogenicity and zoonotic potential of S. suis is yet to be fully realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma G. R. Murray
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, LondonWC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eric L. Miller
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA19041
| | - Sebastian Bruchmann
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Balmer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Matuszewska
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0ES, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine Herbert
- Centre for Enzyme Innovation, University of Portsmouth, PortsmouthPO1 2DD, United Kingdom
| | - Nazreen F. Hadjirin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 7LF, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Mugabi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA50011
| | - Ganwu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA50011
| | - Maria Laura Ferrando
- Animal Sciences Department, Wageningen University, 6700 AHWageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thanh Nguyen
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phung L. K. Yen
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ho D. Phuc
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Aung Zaw Moe
- Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Thiri Su Wai
- Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Université de Montréal, QuébecJ2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Virginia Aragon
- Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona08193, Spain
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Barcelona08193, Spain
| | - Peter Valentin-Weigand
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover30559, Germany
| | - Peter M. H. Heegaard
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby2800, Denmark
| | - Manouk Vrieling
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RALelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Min Thein Maw
- Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Yangon, Myanmar
| | | | - Ye Tun Win
- Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Ngo Thi Hoa
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 7LG, United Kingdom
- Microbiology Department and Center for Tropical Medicine Research, Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Stephen D. Bentley
- Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, CambridgeCB10 1RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Maria J. Clavijo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA50011
| | - Jerry M. Wells
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0ES, United Kingdom
- Animal Sciences Department, Wageningen University, 6700 AHWageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander W. Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy A. Weinert
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0ES, United Kingdom
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16
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Liedel C, Rieckmann K, Baums CG. A critical review on experimental Streptococcus suis infection in pigs with a focus on clinical monitoring and refinement strategies. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:188. [PMID: 37798634 PMCID: PMC10552360 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a major pig pathogen worldwide with zoonotic potential. Though different research groups have contributed to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of S. suis infections in recent years, there are still numerous neglected research topics requiring animal infection trials. Of note, animal experiments are crucial to develop a cross-protective vaccine which is highly needed in the field. Due to the severe clinical signs associated with S. suis pathologies such as meningitis and arthritis, implementation of refinement is very important to reduce pain and distress of experimentally infected pigs. This review highlights the great diversity of clinical signs and courses of disease after experimental S. suis pig infections. We review clinical read out parameters and refinement strategies in experimental S. suis pig infections published between 2000 and 2021. Currently, substantial differences exist in describing clinical monitoring and humane endpoints. Most of the reviewed studies set the body temperature threshold of fever as high as 40.5°C. Monitoring intervals vary mainly between daily, twice a day and three times a day. Only a few studies apply scoring systems. Published scoring systems are inconsistent in their inclusion of parameters such as body temperature, feeding behavior, and respiratory signs. Locomotion and central nervous system signs are more common clinical scoring parameters in different studies by various research groups. As the heterogenicity in clinical monitoring limits the comparability between studies we hope to initiate a discussion with this review leading to an agreement on clinical read out parameters and monitoring intervals among S. suis research groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Liedel
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 29, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Karoline Rieckmann
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 29, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Christoph G Baums
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 29, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
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17
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Nicholson TL, Kalalah AA, Eppinger M. Population structure and genetic diversity of Streptococcus suis isolates obtained from the United States. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1250265. [PMID: 37808309 PMCID: PMC10551183 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1250265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by the zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis are an extensive economic problem as well as an animal welfare concern for the global swine industry. Previous studies have evaluated the genomic diversity and population structure of S. suis isolates, however, the majority of these studies utilized isolates obtained from countries other than the U.S. This study applied whole genome sequencing and cgMLST-based typing to evaluate the population structure and genetic relatedness among S. suis isolates obtained within the U.S. The established high-resolution phylogenomic framework revealed extensive genomic variation and diversity among the sampled S. suis isolates, with isolates from the U.S. and from countries outside the U.S. found interspersed in the phylogeny. S. suis isolates obtained within the U.S. did not cluster by state or geographic location, however, isolates with similar serotypes, both obtained from within and outside the U.S., generally clustered together. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values determined for the S. suis genomes were extensively broad, approaching the recommended species demarcation value, and correlated with the phylogenetic group distribution of the cgMLST-based tree. Numerous antimicrobial resistance (AMR) elements were identified among both U.S. and non-U.S. isolates with ble, tetO, and ermB genes identified as the most prevalent. The epf, mrp, and sly genes, historically used as markers for virulence potential, were also observed in the genomes of isolates that grouped together forming a subclade of clonal complex 1 (CC1) isolates. Collectively, the data in this report provides critical information needed to address potential biosurveillance needs and insights into the genetic diversity and population structure of S. suis isolates obtained within the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L. Nicholson
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Anwar A. Kalalah
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (STCEID), The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology (MMI), The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Mark Eppinger
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (STCEID), The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology (MMI), The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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18
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Wang CZ, Wang MG, Chu YF, Sun RY, Li JG, Li XA, Sun J, Liu YH, Zhou YF, Liao XP. Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Molecular Characterization of Streptococcus suis Isolates from Swine and Humans in China. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0030923. [PMID: 37154736 PMCID: PMC10269843 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00309-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that causes disease in humans after exposure to infected pigs or pig-derived food products. In this study, we examined the serotype distribution, antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genotypes, integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), and associated genomic environments of S. suis isolates from humans and pigs in China from 2008 to 2019. We identified isolates of 13 serotypes, predominated by serotype 2 (40/96; 41.7%), serotype 3 (10/96; 10.4%), and serotype 1 (6/96; 6.3%). Whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed that these isolates possessed 36 different sequence types (STs), and ST242 and ST117 were the most prevalent. Phylogenetic analysis revealed possible animal and human clonal transmission, while antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated high-level resistance to macrolides, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides. These isolates carried 24 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that conferred resistance to 7 antibiotic classes. The antibiotic resistance genotypes were directly correlated with the observed phenotypes. We also identified ICEs in 10 isolates, which were present in 4 different genetic environments and possessed differing ARG combinations. We also predicted and confirmed by PCR analysis the existence of a translocatable unit (TU) in which the oxazolidinone resistance gene optrA was flanked by IS1216E elements. One-half (5/10) of the ICE-carrying strains could be mobilized by conjugation. A comparison of the parental recipient with an ICE-carrying transconjugant in a mouse in vivo thigh infection model indicated that the ICE strain could not be eliminated with tetracycline treatment. S. suis therefore poses a significant challenge to global public health and requires continuous monitoring, especially for the presence of ICEs and associated ARGs that can be transferred via conjugation. IMPORTANCE S. suis is a serious zoonotic pathogen. In this study, we investigated the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of 96 S. suis isolates from 10 different provinces of China from 2008 to 2019. A subset of these isolates (10) carried ICEs that were able to be horizontally transferred among isolates of different S. suis serotypes. A mouse thigh infection model revealed that ICE-facilitated ARG transfer promoted resistance development. S. suis requires continuous monitoring, especially for the presence of ICEs and associated ARGs that can be transferred via conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Zhen Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Ge Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Fei Chu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruan-Yang Sun
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Guo Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-An Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhou
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Peng M, Xu Y, Dou B, Yang F, He Q, Liu Z, Gao T, Liu W, Yang K, Guo R, Li C, Tian Y, Zhou D, Bei W, Yuan F. The adcA and lmb Genes Play an Important Role in Drug Resistance and Full Virulence of Streptococcus suis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0433722. [PMID: 37212676 PMCID: PMC10269787 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04337-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an recognized zoonotic pathogen of swine and severely threatens human health. Zinc is the second most abundant transition metal in biological systems. Here, we investigated the contribution of zinc to the drug resistance and pathogenesis of S. suis. We knocked out the genes of AdcACB and Lmb, two Zn-binding lipoproteins. Compared to the wild-type strain, we found that the survival rate of this double-mutant strain (ΔadcAΔlmb) was reduced in Zinc-limited medium, but not in Zinc-supplemented medium. Additionally, phenotypic experiments showed that the ΔadcAΔlmb strain displayed impaired adhesion to and invasion of cells, biofilm formation, and tolerance of cell envelope-targeting antibiotics. In a murine infection model, deletion of the adcA and lmb genes in S. suis resulted in a significant decrease in strain virulence, including survival rate, tissue bacterial load, inflammatory cytokine levels, and histopathological damage. These findings show that AdcA and Lmb are important for biofilm formation, drug resistance, and virulence in S. suis. IMPORTANCE Transition metals are important micronutrients for bacterial growth. Zn is necessary for the catalytic activity and structural integrity of various metalloproteins involved in bacterial pathogenic processes. However, how these invaders adapt to host-imposed metal starvation and overcome nutritional immunity remains unknown. Thus, pathogenic bacteria must acquire Zn during infection in order to successfully survive and multiply. The host uses nutritional immunity to limit the uptake of Zn by the invading bacteria. The bacterium uses a set of high-affinity Zn uptake systems to overcome this host metal restriction. Here, we identified two Zn uptake transporters in S. suis, AdcA and Lmb, by bioinformatics analysis and found that an adcA and lmb double-mutant strain could not grow in Zn-deficient medium and was more sensitive to cell envelope-targeting antibiotics. It is worth noting that the Zn uptake system is essential for biofilm formation, drug resistance, and virulence in S. suis. The Zn uptake system is expected to be a target for the development of novel antimicrobial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Beibei Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiyun He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Keli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongxiang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Danna Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Weicheng Bei
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Guangxi Yangxiang Co. Ltd., Guangxi, China
| | - Fangyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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20
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Zuo J, Shen Y, Wang H, Gao S, Yuan S, Song D, Wang Y, Wang Y. Effects of metformin on Streptococcus suis LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing system and biofilm formation. Microb Pathog 2023:106183. [PMID: 37263449 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) regulates biofilm formation through LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing system, increasing drug resistance and exacerbating infection. The anti-hyperglycaemic agent metformin has anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activities. This study aimed to investigate the anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing activity of metformin in S. suis. We first determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of metformin on S. suis. The results indicated that metformin showed no obvious inhibitory or bactericidal effect. Crystal violet staining showed that metformin significantly inhibited the formation of S. suis biofilm at sub-MIC concentration, which was also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Then, we quantified the AI-2 signal molecules in S. suis, and the results showed that metformin had a significant inhibitory effect on the production of AI-2 signal in S. suis. Inhibition of enzyme activity and molecular docking experiments showed that metformin has a significant binding activity to LuxS protein. In addition, qRT-PCR results showed that metformin significantly down-regulated the expression of AI-2 synthesis-related genes luxS and pfs, and adhesion-related genes luxS, pfs, gapdh, sly, fbps, and ef. Western blotting also showed that metformin significantly reduced the expression of LuxS protein. Our study suggests that metformin seems to be a suitable candidate for the inhibition of S. suis LuxS/AI-2 QS system and prevention of biofilm formation, which provided a new idea for the prevention and control of S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Emerging Disease Detection and Control, Luoyang, China
| | - Yamin Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Emerging Disease Detection and Control, Luoyang, China
| | - Haikun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Emerging Disease Detection and Control, Luoyang, China
| | - Shuji Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Emerging Disease Detection and Control, Luoyang, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Emerging Disease Detection and Control, Luoyang, China
| | - Dong Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Emerging Disease Detection and Control, Luoyang, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Emerging Disease Detection and Control, Luoyang, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Emerging Disease Detection and Control, Luoyang, China.
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21
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Qu Q, Cui W, Huang X, Zhu Z, Dong Y, Yuan Z, Dong C, Zheng Y, Chen X, Yuan S, Li Y. Gallic Acid Restores the Sulfonamide Sensitivity of Multidrug-Resistant Streptococcus suis via Polypharmaceology Mechanism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:6894-6907. [PMID: 37125728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to the large amount of antibiotics used for human therapy, agriculture, and even aquaculture, the emergence of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus suis (S. suis) led to serious public health threats. Antibiotic-assisted strategies have emerged as a promising approach to alleviate this crisis. Here, the polyphenolic compound gallic acid was found to enhance sulfonamides against multidrug-resistant S. suis. Mechanistic analysis revealed that gallic acid effectively disrupts the integrity and function of the cytoplasmic membrane by dissipating the proton motive force of bacteria. Moreover, we found that gallic acid regulates the expression of dihydrofolate reductase, which in turn inhibits tetrahydrofolate synthesis. As a result of polypharmacology, gallic acid can fully restore sulfadiazine sodium activity in the animal infection model without any drug resistances. Our findings provide an insightful view into the threats of antibiotic resistance. It could become a promising strategy to resolve this crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwei Qu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Wenqiang Cui
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xingyu Huang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxin Zhu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Yue Dong
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Zhongwei Yuan
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Chunliu Dong
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Yadan Zheng
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Xueying Chen
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Shuguang Yuan
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
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22
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Ji L, Chen Z, Li F, Hu Q, Xu L, Duan X, Wu H, Xu S, Chen Q, Wu S, Qiu S, Lu H, Jiang M, Cai R, Qiu Y, Li Y, Shi X. Epidemiological and genomic analyses of human isolates of Streptococcus suis between 2005 and 2021 in Shenzhen, China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1118056. [PMID: 37113229 PMCID: PMC10126776 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1118056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important food-borne zoonotic pathogen that causes swine streptococcosis, which threatens human health and brings economic loss to the swine industry. Three-quarters of human S. suis infections are caused by serotype 2. A retrospective analysis of human S. suis cases in Shenzhen, a megacity in China, with high pork consumption, between 2005 and 2021 was conducted to understand its genomic epidemiology, pathogen virulence, and drug resistance characteristics. The epidemiological investigation showed that human cases of S. suis in Shenzhen were mainly associated with people who had been in close contact with raw pork or other swine products. Whole-genome sequence analysis showed that 33 human isolates in Shenzhen were dominated by serotype 2 (75.76%), followed by serotype 14 (24.24%), and the most prevalent sequence types (STs) were ST7 (48.48%) and ST1 (39.40%). ST242 (9.09%) and ST25 (3.03%), which were rarely reported, were also found. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Shenzhen human isolates had close genetic relatedness to isolates from Guangxi (China), Sichuan (China), and Vietnam. We found a new 82 KB pathogenicity island (PAI) in the serotype 2 isolate that may play a role in sepsis. Similarly, a serotype 14 isolate, containing 78 KB PAI, was isolated from a patient presenting with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSLS) who subsequently died. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was high in human isolates of S. suis from Shenzhen. Most human isolates were resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin, and 13 isolates had intermediate resistance to penicillin. In conclusion, swine importation from Guangxi, Sichuan, and Vietnam should be more closely monitored, and the use of antibiotics limited to reduce the potential for antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyin Ji
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhigao Chen
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fan Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Quality and Safety Inspection and Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liangcai Xu
- Futian District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangke Duan
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanguang Wu
- Shenzhen Institute of Quality and Safety Inspection and Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiqin Xu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiongcheng Chen
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuxiang Qiu
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Huiqun Lu
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Cai
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaqun Qiu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaolu Shi
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaolu Shi,
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23
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Mutations in troABCD against Copper Overload in a copA Mutant of Streptococcus suis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0184122. [PMID: 36475883 PMCID: PMC9888204 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01841-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a major swine pathogen that is increasingly recognized as a porcine zoonotic pathogen that threatens the health of both pigs and humans. Metal homeostasis plays a critical role during the process of bacterial infection. In this study, RNA sequencing was used to identify potential candidate genes involved in the maintenance of intracellular copper homeostasis. CopA was identified as the primary copper exporter in S. suis. The copA deletion mutant strain was found to be more sensitive to copper and accumulated more intracellular copper than the wild-type (WT) parent strain. In addition, adding manganese increased the ability of S. suis to resist copper, and the manganese transporter, TroABCD, was involved in tolerance to copper. The copA deletion mutant strain accumulated less copper when supplemented with manganese. Furthermore, when cultured with copper, the double deletion mutant (ΔcopAΔtroA) exhibited improved growth compared to the copA deletion mutant strain. In addition, the double deletion mutant (ΔcopAΔtroA) accumulated less copper than the copA deletion mutant strain. These data were consistent with a model wherein defective TroABCD resulted in decreased cellular copper accumulation and protected the strain against copper poisoning. IMPORTANCE Metal homeostasis plays a critical role during the process of bacterial infection. We identified three important potential candidate genes involved in maintenance of intracellular copper homeostasis. CopA was demonstrated to be the main copper exporter in Streptococcus suis, and manganese increased the tolerance of S. suis to copper. The double deletion mutant (ΔcopAΔtroA) improved growth ability over the copA deletion mutant strain in the presence of high concentrations of copper and accumulated less copper. These findings are consistent with a model wherein defective TroABCD resulted in decreased cellular accumulation of copper and protected the strain against copper poisoning.
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24
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Wang S, Wang G, Tang YD, Li S, Qin L, Wang M, Yang YB, Gottschalk M, Cai X. Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Infection Induces Splenomegaly with Splenocyte Apoptosis. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0321022. [PMID: 36287014 PMCID: PMC9769541 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03210-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the damage to the important peripheral immune organ spleen caused by Streptococcus suis infection. In this study, we found that S. suis induced splenomegaly and lymphocyte disruption in spleens of mice. To explore the mechanism of splenic lesions induced by S. suis, we conducted further studies. The results showed that S. suis induced apoptosis in B cells, which is related to the cleavage of caspase-3 and caspase-8, but not the release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Thus, S. suis induced apoptosis in the spleen through caspase-dependent and AIF-independent pathways. Inflammation lesions induced in the spleen of infected mice were also investigated; we found macrophages increased in histopathological lesions of infected spleens from 12 h postinoculation to 7 days postinoculation (dpi), and the type of increased macrophages was M1 type by confocal microscopy, which can secrete proinflammatory cytokines. Meanwhile, inflammasome NLRP3 and caspase-1 were activated, and gasdermin D (GSDMD) was cleaved, which causes pyroptosis that may result in the release of numerous proinflammatory cytokines. What's more, the increase of p-JNK and p-p38 indicated that the MAPK pathway was also involved in the proinflammatory responses during S. suis infection, whereas anti-inflammatory responses in spleen were suppressed, with regulatory T cells (Tregs) upregulating at 1 dpi. Taken together, proinflammatory immune responses dominate in early infection, which induce splenomegaly and splenocyte apoptosis. This is the first report of mechanisms associated with S. suis-induced splenic lesions. IMPORTANCE Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is considered an emerging pathogen and represents a threat to humans and animals. The spleen is an important peripheral immune organ, and splenomegaly is a consequence of lesions and an important clinical indicator of S. suis infection. However, knowledge of the mechanisms underlying spleen lesions is still very limited. In the present work, we made the investigation to explain the phenomenon and the related immunomodulation in a mouse infection model. The obtained results show that inflammation contributes to splenomegaly, while apoptosis contributes to lymphocyte disruption in spleens. Related signaling pathways were discovered which have never been associated with S. suis-induced splenic injury. The new knowledge generated will help us better understand the mechanism of S. suis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Siqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Menghang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yong-Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xuehui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Streptococcus suis TrpX is part of a tryptophan uptake system, and its expression is regulated by a T-box regulatory element. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13920. [PMID: 35978073 PMCID: PMC9382623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, a common member of the porcine respiratory microbiota, can cause life-threatening diseases in pigs as well as humans. A previous study identified the gene trpX as conditionally essential for in vivo survival by intrathecal infection of pigs with a transposon library of S. suis strain 10. Here, we characterized trpX, encoding a putative tryptophan/tyrosine transport system substrate-binding protein, in more detail. We compared growth capacities of the isogenic trpX-deficient mutant derivative strain 10∆trpX with its parent. Growth experiments in chemically defined media (CDM) revealed that growth of 10∆trpX depended on tryptophan concentration, suggesting TrpX involvement in tryptophan uptake. We demonstrated that trpX is part of an operon structure and co-transcribed with two additional genes encoding a putative permease and ATPase, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis identified a putative tryptophan T-box riboswitch in the 5′ untranslated region of this operon. Finally, qRT-PCR and a reporter activation assay revealed trpX mRNA induction under tryptophan-limited conditions. In conclusion, our study showed that TrpX is part of a putative tryptophan ABC transporter system regulated by a T-box riboswitch probably functioning as a substrate-binding protein. Due to the tryptophan auxotrophy of S. suis, TrpX plays a crucial role for metabolic adaptation and growth during infection.
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Meng Y, Wang Q, Ma Z, Li W, Niu K, Zhu T, Lin H, Lu C, Fan H. Streptococcal autolysin promotes dysfunction of swine tracheal epithelium by interacting with vimentin. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010765. [PMID: 35921364 PMCID: PMC9377611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is a major zoonotic pathogen resulting in manifestations as pneumonia and septic shock. The upper respiratory tract is typically thought to be the main colonization and entry site of SS2 in pigs, but the mechanism through which it penetrates the respiratory barrier is still unclear. In this study, a mutant with low invasive potential to swine tracheal epithelial cells (STECs) was screened from the TnYLB-1 transposon insertion mutant library of SS2, and the interrupted gene was identified as autolysin (atl). Compared to wild-type (WT) SS2, Δatl mutant exhibited lower ability to penetrate the tracheal epithelial barrier in a mouse model. Purified Atl also enhanced SS2 translocation across STEC monolayers in Transwell inserts. Furthermore, Atl redistributed the tight junctions (TJs) in STECs through myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) signaling, which led to increased barrier permeability. Using mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), pull-down, bacterial two-hybrid and saturation binding experiments, we showed that Atl binds directly to vimentin. CRISPR/Cas9-targeted deletion of vimentin in STECs (VIM KO STECs) abrogated the capacity of SS2 to translocate across the monolayers, SS2-induced phosphorylation of myosin II regulatory light chain (MLC) and MLCK transcription, indicating that vimentin is indispensable for MLCK activation. Consistently, vimentin null mice were protected from SS2 infection and exhibited reduced tracheal and lung injury. Thus, MLCK-mediated epithelial barrier opening caused by the Atl-vimentin interaction is found to be likely the key mechanism by which SS2 penetrates the tracheal epithelium. Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2), an emerging zoonotic agent, can breach the respiratory barrier and cause invasive disease in pigs. Here, we identified the novel role of autolysin Atl in penetration of the respiratory barrier by SS2 and its systemic dissemination and identified its binding partner, vimentin, a type III intermediate filament protein. Atl contributed to the MLCK-triggered redistribution of tight junctions to open the tracheal epithelial barrier. Knockout of vimentin abolished the ability of SS2 to penetrate the monolayer barrier and the activation of MLCK. Furthermore, vimentin null mice were protected from infection by intranasally administered SS2. This study is the first to demonstrate that the interaction between the GBS Bsp-like domain of Atl and vimentin promotes MLCK-mediated dysfunction of the epithelial barrier, which may provide theoretical information for prophylactic and/or therapeutic treatments against diseases caused by similar respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Meng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Weiyi Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Niu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huixing Lin
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chengping Lu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongjie Fan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Wang RL, Liu P, Chen XF, Yao X, Liao XP, Liu YH, Sun J, Zhou YF. Pharmacodynamic Target Assessment and PK/PD Cutoff Determination for Gamithromycin Against Streptococcus suis in Piglets. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:945632. [PMID: 35898553 PMCID: PMC9310021 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.945632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamithromycin is a long-acting azalide antibiotic that has been developed recently for the treatment of swine respiratory diseases. In this study, the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) targets, PK/PD cutoff, and optimum dosing regimen of gamithromycin were evaluated in piglets against Streptococcus suis in China, including a subset with capsular serotype 2. Short post-antibiotic effects (PAEs) (0.5–2.6 h) and PA-SMEs (2.4–7.7 h) were observed for gamithromycin against S. suis. The serum matrix dramatically facilitated the intracellular uptake of gamithromycin by S. suis strains, thus contributing to the potentiation effect of serum on their susceptibilities, with a Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB)/serum minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratio of 28.86 for S. suis. Dose-response relationship demonstrated the area under the concentration (AUC)/MIC ratio to be the predictive PK/PD index closely linked to activity (R2 > 0.93). For S. suis infections, the net stasis, 1–log10, and 2–log10 kill effects were achieved at serum AUC24h/MIC targets of 17.9, 49.1, and 166 h, respectively. At the current clinical dose of 6.0 mg/kg, gamithromycin PK/PD cutoff value was determined to be 8 mg/L. A PK/PD-based dose assessment demonstrated that the optimum dose regimen of gamithromycin to achieve effective treatments for the observed wild-type MIC distribution of S. suis in China with a probability of target attainment (PTA) ≥ 90% was 2.53 mg/kg in this study. These results will aid in the development of clinical dose-optimization studies and the establishment of clinical breakpoints for gamithromycin in the treatment of swine respiratory infections due to S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ling Wang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Chen
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Yao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhou
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-Feng Zhou
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Microscopical Evaluation of Smears of the Leptomeninges to Predict Meningitis in Piglets. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9070341. [PMID: 35878358 PMCID: PMC9319622 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Meningitis (inflammation of the membranes covering the brain) is a common problem in 3- to 10-week-old piglets. It is often caused by bacteria that are called Streptococcus. Clinical signs such as problems with coordination of the limbs can be observed by the farmer, but it is also possible that piglets die suddenly, before clinical signs are detected. Therefore, examining dead piglets is often performed to establish a diagnosis. Unfortunately, meningitis is often difficult to recognise by the eye. To assist veterinarians in forming a quick diagnosis of meningitis and possible bacterial involvement, a microscopic evaluation of cells taken from the meninges was performed. This examination allowed the prediction of the likely presence of meningitis and the involvement of Streptococcus species in most of the cases. Microscopic findings were compared with bacteriological culture results, and based on this comparison, indications of meningitis and Streptococcal presence seemed correct in 89% and 100% of the cases, respectively. However, if only a few cells indicating meningitis were observed microscopically, no reliable prediction was possible. In conclusion, microscopic evaluation of cells from the meninges of piglets can help swine practitioners in establishing a tentative diagnosis of meningitis more quickly, which allows for better treatment, improves animal welfare, and reduces antimicrobial use. Abstract Meningitis, caused by bacterial infections such as Streptococcus spp., is a frequently observed cause of death in pigs. In order to implement effective treatment and avoid further losses, it is important to establish this diagnosis quickly. However, this is often difficult because macroscopic lesions may not be visible, and additional laboratory testing may take several days. The present study investigated whether microscopical examination of impression smears of the leptomeninges taken during necropsy can help in establishing a presumptive diagnosis of meningitis in pigs more quickly. In total, 54 pigs suffering from neurological signs and/or (acute) mortality were examined. They were 3 to 10 weeks old and originated from 16 farms. From each pig, bacterial culture was performed on one half of the brain using a swab from the leptomeninges. From the other half, paired cytological impression smears of the leptomeninges were stained with a commercial quick stain dye (Hemacolor®) and Gram stain and microscopically evaluated for the abundance of neutrophils and the presence of short-chain coccoid bacteria. Bacterial culture of the leptomeninges was positive in 36/54 cases, in 28 of which Streptococcus spp. were found. The numbers of smears with low, moderate, or high abundance of neutrophils were 19, 17, and 18, respectively. Short-chain coccoid bacteria were detected successfully in 12 pigs in the Gram-stained smear. The positive predictive value of smears with moderate or high abundance of neutrophils for bacterial presence and, therefore, likely meningitis was 89%, whereas the negative predictive value of smears with low abundance of neutrophils was 74%. The positive predictive value of smears with short chains of coccoid bacteria for diagnosis of Streptococcus spp. was 100%, whereas the negative predictive value was 62%. In conclusion, microscopical examination of impression smears of the leptomeninges of piglets with neurological signs and/or (acute) mortality is a feasible procedure that can help swine practitioners in establishing a tentative diagnosis of meningitis more quickly, especially if neutrophils are abundant, and short chains of coccoid bacteria are present.
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Yang X, Peng W, Wang N, Dou B, Yang F, Chen H, Yuan F, Bei W. Role of the Two-Component System CiaRH in the Regulation of Efflux Pump SatAB and Its Correlation with Fluoroquinolone Susceptibility. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0041722. [PMID: 35638854 PMCID: PMC9241815 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00417-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important pathogen in both pigs and humans. Although the diseases associated with S. suis can typically be treated with antibiotics, such use has resulted in a sustained increase in drug resistance. Bacteria can sense and respond to antibiotics via two-component systems (TCSs). In this study, the TCS CiaRH was identified as playing an important role in the susceptibility of S. suis to fluoroquinolones (FQs). We found that a ΔciaRH mutant possessed lower susceptibility to FQs than the wild-type strain, with no observed growth defects at the tested concentrations and lower levels of intracellular drugs and dye. Proteomic data revealed that the levels of SatA and SatB expression were upregulated in the ΔciaRH mutant compared with their levels in the wild-type strain. The satA and satB genes encode a narrow-spectrum FQ efflux pump. The phenomena associated with combined ciaRH-and-satAB deletion mutations almost returned the ΔciaRH ΔsatAB mutant to the phenotype of the wild-type strain compared to the phenotype of the ΔciaRH mutant, suggesting that the resistance of the ΔciaRH strain to FQs could be attributed to satAB overexpression. Moreover, SatAB expression was regulated by CiaR (a response regulator of CiaRH) and SatR (a regulator of the MarR family). The ciaRH genes were consistently downregulated in response to antibiotic stress. The results of electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and affinity assays revealed that both regulator proteins directly controlled the ABC transporter proteins SatAB. Together, the results show that cascade-mediated regulation of antibiotic export by CiaRH is crucial for the ability of S. suis to adapt to conditions of antibiotic pressure. Our study may provide a new target for future antibiotic research and development. IMPORTANCE Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen with high incidence and mortality rates in both swine and humans. Following antibiotic treatment, the organism has evolved many resistance mechanisms, among which efflux pump overexpression can promote drug extrusion from the cell. This study clarified the role of CiaRH in fluoroquinolone resistance. A mutant with the ciaRH genes deleted showed decreased susceptibility to the antibiotics tested, an invariant growth rate, and reduced intracellular efflux pump substrates. This research also demonstrated that overexpression of the efflux pump SatAB was the main cause of ΔciaRH resistance. In addition, CiaR could combine with the promoter region of satAB to further directly suppress target gene transcription. Simultaneously, satAB was also directly regulated by SatR. Our findings may provide novel insights for the development of drug targets and help to exploit corresponding inhibitors to combat bacterial multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Beibei Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Weicheng Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Guangxi Yangxiang Co., Ltd., Guigang, China
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Development and Application of Two Inducible Expression Systems for Streptococcus suis. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0036322. [PMID: 35758678 PMCID: PMC9430170 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00363-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important zoonotic bacterial pathogen posing a threat to the pig industry as well as public health, for which the mechanisms of growth and cell division remain largely unknown. Developing convenient genetic tools that can achieve strictly controlled gene expression is of great value for investigating these fundamental physiological processes of S. suis. In this study, we first identified three strong constitutive promoters, Pg, Pt, and Pe, in S. suis. Promoter Pg was used to drive the expression of repressor genes tetR and lacI, and the operator sequences were added within promoters Pt and Pe. By optimizing the insertion sites of the operator sequence, we successfully constructed an anhydrotetracycline (ATc)-inducible expression system and an isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)-inducible expression system in S. suis. We showed that these two systems provided inducer-concentration- and induction-time-dependent expression of the reporter gene. By using these tools, we investigated the subcellular localization of a key cell division protein, FtsZ, which showed that it could be correctly localized to the midcell region. In addition, we constructed a conditional knockout strain for the glmS gene, which is an essential gene, and showed that our ATc-inducible promoter could provide strictly controlled expression of glmS in trans, suggesting that our inducible expression systems can be used for deletion of essential genes in S. suis. Therefore, for the first time we developed two inducible expression systems in S. suis and showed their applications in the study of an important cell division protein and an essential gene. These genetic tools will further facilitate the functional study of other important genes of S. suis. IMPORTANCE Streptococcus suis is an important zoonotic bacterial pathogen. Studying the mechanisms of cell growth and division is important for the identification of novel antimicrobial drug targets. Inducible expression systems can provide strictly controlled expression of the protein of interest and are useful tools to study the functions of physiologically important proteins. However, there is a lack of convenient genetic tools that can achieve inducible protein expression in S. suis. In this study, we developed two (ATc-inducible and IPTG-inducible) inducible expression systems and showed their applications in a subcellular localization study of a cell division protein and the construction of conditional knockout of essential genes in S. suis. These systems will be useful for functional studies of important proteins of S. suis.
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Sui Y, Chen Y, Lv Q, Zheng Y, Kong D, Jiang H, Huang W, Ren Y, Liu P, Jiang Y. Suilyin Disrupts the Blood-Brain Barrier by Activating Group III Secretory Phospholipase A2. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12060919. [PMID: 35743951 PMCID: PMC9229629 DOI: 10.3390/life12060919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Serious diseases caused by Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (S. suis 2) include septicaemia and meningitis, which are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Proliferation in the blood can result in a breach of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and provide entry into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), where bacteria cause inflammation of the meningeal membranes resulting in meningitis. The molecular mechanisms of how this pathogen crosses the BBB remain unclear. Suilysin (SLY) has been identified as an important secreted virulence factor of S. suis 2 and may play a vital role in provoking meningitis. In this investigation, we demonstrate that SLY can increase the paracellular permeability of BBB, both in vivo and in vitro, via the activation of group III secretory phospholipase A2 (PLA2G3). Our results indicate that at lower, sublytic concentrations, the toxin can stimulate cerebral microvascular endothelial cells to release TNF-α, thereby inducing high level expressions of PLA2G3. Abnormal elevations of PLA2G3 might further injure tissues through direct cytolytic effectors or other responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China; (Y.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (D.K.); (H.J.); (W.H.); (Y.R.)
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Qingyu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China; (Y.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (D.K.); (H.J.); (W.H.); (Y.R.)
| | - Yuling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China; (Y.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (D.K.); (H.J.); (W.H.); (Y.R.)
| | - Decong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China; (Y.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (D.K.); (H.J.); (W.H.); (Y.R.)
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China; (Y.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (D.K.); (H.J.); (W.H.); (Y.R.)
| | - Wenhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China; (Y.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (D.K.); (H.J.); (W.H.); (Y.R.)
| | - Yuhao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China; (Y.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (D.K.); (H.J.); (W.H.); (Y.R.)
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China; (Y.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (D.K.); (H.J.); (W.H.); (Y.R.)
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China; (Y.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (D.K.); (H.J.); (W.H.); (Y.R.)
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (Y.J.)
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The Ability of Nuclease-Resistant RNA Aptamer against Streptococcus suis Serotype 2, Strain P1/7 to Reduce Biofilm Formation In Vitro. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123894. [PMID: 35745014 PMCID: PMC9228048 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, a Gram-positive bacterium, is an important swine and human pathogen, with serotype 2 being the most prevalent strain found worldwide. Deafness, meningitis, and death (in severe cases) are observed in S. suis-infected cases. Development of the ligands that can bind to S. suis with high affinity and specificity could be beneficial for the diagnosis and treatment of S. suis infection. Herein, the nuclease-resistant RNA aptamers based on 2′-fluoropyrimidine modification against S. suis serotype 2, strain P1/7, were established using the cell- Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential enrichment (SELEX) technique. One of the aptamers, R8-su12, could bind to the S. suis target strain as well as other S. suis serotypes, i.e., 1, 1/2, 9, and 14, but not to other bacteria tested, i.e., S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Moreover, the R8-su12 RNA aptamer was also capable of inhibiting the biofilm formation of the S. suis target strain, making it potentially useful for the study of biofilm formation and the treatment of S. suis infection in humans and pigs in the future.
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Huang X, Wu W, Tian X, Hou X, Cui X, Xiao Y, Jiao Q, Zhou P, Liu L, Shi W, Chen L, Sun Y, Yang Y, Chen J, Zhang G, Liu J, Holmes EC, Cai X, An T, Shi M. A total infectome approach to understand the etiology of infectious disease in pigs. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:73. [PMID: 35538563 PMCID: PMC9086151 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global pork industry is continuously affected by infectious diseases that can result in large-scale mortality, trade restrictions, and major reductions in production. Nevertheless, the cause of many infectious diseases in pigs remains unclear, largely because commonly used diagnostic tools fail to capture the full diversity of potential pathogens and because pathogen co-infection is common. RESULTS We used a meta-transcriptomic approach to systematically characterize the pathogens in 136 clinical cases representing different disease syndromes in pigs, as well as in 12 non-diseased controls. This enabled us to simultaneously determine the diversity, abundance, genomic information, and detailed epidemiological history of a wide range of potential pathogens. We identified 34 species of RNA viruses, nine species of DNA viruses, seven species of bacteria, and three species of fungi, including two novel divergent members of the genus Pneumocystis. While most of these pathogens were only apparent in diseased animals or were at higher abundance in diseased animals than in healthy animals, others were present in healthy controls, suggesting opportunistic infections. Importantly, most of the cases examined here were characterized by co-infection with more than two species of viral, bacterial, or fungal pathogens, some with highly correlated occurrence and abundance levels. Examination of clinical signs and necropsy results in the context of relevant pathogens revealed that a multiple-pathogen model was better associated with the data than a single-pathogen model was. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that most of the pig diseases examined were better explained by the presence of multiple rather than single pathogens and that infection with one pathogen can facilitate infection or increase the prevalence/abundance of another. Consequently, it is generally preferable to consider the cause of a disease based on a panel of co-infecting pathogens rather than on individual infectious agents. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Weichen Wu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Hou
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingyang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yihong Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Qiulin Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Weilin Shi
- Harbin Weike Biotechnology Development Company, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ligong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yongbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinling Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Edward C Holmes
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Life & Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Xuehui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tongqing An
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
| | - Mang Shi
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Fan Q, Zuo J, Wang H, Grenier D, Yi L, Wang Y. Contribution of quorum sensing to virulence and antibiotic resistance in zoonotic bacteria. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107965. [PMID: 35487393 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS), which is a key part of cell/cell communication, is widely distributed in microorganisms, especially in bacteria. Bacteria can produce and detect the presence of QS signal molecule, perceive the composition and density of microorganisms in their complex habitat, and then dynamically regulate their own gene expression to adapt to their environment. Among the many traits controlled by QS in pathogenic bacteria is the expression of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance. Many pathogenic bacteria rely on QS to govern the production of virulence factors and express drug-resistance, especially in zoonotic bacteria. The threat of antibiotic resistant zoonotic bacteria has called for alternative antimicrobial strategies that would mitigate the increase of classical resistance mechanism. Targeting QS has proven to be a promising alternative to conventional antibiotic for controlling infections. Here we review the QS systems in common zoonotic pathogenic bacteria and outline how QS may control the virulence and antibiotic resistance of zoonotic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingying Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Jing Zuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Haikun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale (GREB), Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Li Yi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China; College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China.
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PerR-Regulated Manganese Import Contributes to Oxidative Stress Defense in Streptococcus suis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0008622. [PMID: 35465691 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00086-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis has been increasingly recognized as a porcine zoonotic pathogen that threatens the health of both pigs and humans. Metal homeostasis plays a critical role in the antioxidative capability of bacteria, thus facilitating the escape of pathogenic species from the innate immunity systems of hosts. Here, we revealed that manganese increased the ability of S. suis to resist oxidative stress. RNA sequencing was used to identify potential candidate genes involved in the maintenance of intracellular manganese homeostasis. Four genes, termed troABCD, were identified by NCBI BLASTp analysis. The troA, troB, troC, and troD deletion mutant strains exhibited decreased intracellular manganese content and tolerance to H2O2 compared to the wild-type strain. Thus, troABCD were determined to be involved in manganese uptake and played an important role in H2O2 tolerance in S. suis. Furthermore, the inactivation of perR increased the survival of H2O2-pulsed S. suis 2.18-fold and elevated the intracellular manganese content. H2O2-pulsed S. suis and perR deletion mutants upregulated troABCD. This finding suggested that H2O2 released the suppression of troABCD by perR. In addition, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed that PerR at 500 ng binds to the troABCD promoter, indicating that troABCD were directly regulated by PerR. In conclusion, this study revealed that manganese increases tolerance to H2O2 by upregulating the expression of troABCD. Moreover, PerR-regulated Mn import in S. suis and increased the tolerance of S. suis to oxidative stress by regulating troABCD. IMPORTANCE During infection, it is extremely important for bacteria to defend against oxidative stress. While manganese plays an important role in this process, its role is unclear in S. suis. Here, we demonstrated that manganese increased S. suis tolerance to oxidative stress. Four manganese ABC transporter genes, troABCD, were identified. Oxidative stress increased the content of manganese in the cell. Furthermore, PerR increased the tolerance to oxidative stress of S. suis by regulating troABCD. Manganese played an important role in bacterial defense against oxidative stress. These findings provide novel insight into the mechanism by which S. suis resists oxidative stress and approaches to inhibit bacterial infection by limiting manganese intake.
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Öhlmann S, Krieger AK, Gisch N, Meurer M, de Buhr N, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Schütze N, Baums CG. d-Alanylation of Lipoteichoic Acids in Streptococcus suis Reduces Association With Leukocytes in Porcine Blood. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:822369. [PMID: 35509315 PMCID: PMC9058155 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.822369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a common swine pathogen but also poses a threat to human health in causing meningitis and severe cases of streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (STSLS). Therefore, it is crucial to understand how S. suis interacts with the host immune system during bacteremia. As S. suis has the ability to introduce d-alanine into its lipoteichoic acids (LTAs), we investigated the working hypothesis that cell wall modification by LTA d-alanylation influences the interaction of S. suis with porcine blood immune cells. We created an isogenic mutant of S. suis strain 10 by in-frame deletion of the d-alanine d-alanyl carrier ligase (DltA). d-alanylation of LTAs was associated with reduced phagocytosis of S. suis by porcine granulocytes, reduced deposition of complement factor C3 on the bacterial surface, increased hydrophobicity of streptococci, and increased resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs). At the same time, survival of S. suis was not significantly increased by LTA d-alanylation in whole blood of conventional piglets with specific IgG. However, we found a distinct cytokine pattern as IL-1β but not tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were significantly reduced in blood infected with the ΔdltA mutant. In contrast to TNF-α, activation and secretion of IL-1β are inflammasome-dependent, suggesting a possible influence of LTA d-alanylation on inflammasome regulation. Especially in the absence of specific antibodies, the association of S. suis with porcine monocytes was reduced by d-alanylation of its LTAs. This dltA-dependent phenotype was also observed with a non-encapsulated dltA double mutant indicating that it is independent of capsular polysaccharides. High antibody levels caused high levels of S. suis—monocyte—association followed by inflammatory cell death and strong production of both IL-1β and TNF-α, while the influence of LTA d-alanylation of the streptococci became less visible. In summary, the results of this study expand previous findings on d-alanylation of LTAs in S. suis and suggest that this pathogen specifically modulates association with blood leukocytes through this modification of its surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Öhlmann
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Krieger
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gisch
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Marita Meurer
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole de Buhr
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole Schütze
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Georg Baums
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christoph Georg Baums,
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Yang W, Ansari AR, Niu X, Zou W, Lu M, Dong L, Li F, Chen Y, Yang K, Song H. Interaction between gut microbiota dysbiosis and lung infection as gut-lung axis caused by Streptococcus suis in mouse model. Microbiol Res 2022; 261:127047. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gao T, Ye F, Yuan F, Liu Z, Liu W, Zhou D, Yang K, Guo R, Wang N, Zhang T, Zhou R, Tian Y. Green tea polyphenols inhibit growth, pathogenicity and metabolomics profiles of Streptococcus suis. Microb Pathog 2022; 164:105421. [PMID: 35114350 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (SS) is an important pathogen in pigs and can also cause severe infection in humans. Currently, more and more drug resistance is reported, resulting in the search for new drugs being needed urgently. Green tea polyphenols (GTP) was reported to inhibit many bacteria. However, SS response to GTP has not been studied before. In this report, the effect of GTP on growth, cell integrity, pathogenicity and metabolic pathway of SS was examined. The GTP inhibited growth, led to cellular damage, and attenuated pathogenicity of SS. Finally, GTP affected many important metabolic pathways of SS, such as ABC transporters, pyrimidine metabolism, protein digestion and absorption. The results provide new insight into the prevention and control of SS infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Danna Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Keli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yongxiang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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Jiang X, Zhu L, Zhan D. Development of a recombinase polymerase amplification assay for rapid detection of Streptococcus suis type 2 in nasopharyngeal swab samples. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 102:115594. [PMID: 34871933 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2), an emerging zoonotic pathogen, may induce severe infections and symptoms manifested as septicemia, meningitis and even death both in human and pigs. The aim of this article was to develop a new methodology as real-time recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) assay targeting cps2J gene for the detection of SS2 (or SS1/2). The sensitivity and reproducibility of RT-RPA results were evaluated and compared with a real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The established RT-RPA reaction could be completed in 20 minutes with distinguishable specificity against the predominant S. suis infection serotypes of 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 14, and 31. Lower detection limit for RT-RPA was 102 genomic DNA copies per reaction. The specimen performance of RT-RPA was tested in nasopharyngeal swab samples with the sensitivity and specificity as 97.5% and 100%, respectively. Thus, this RT-RPA method is a rapid and potential molecular diagnostic tool for SS2 detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Jiang
- Medical School of Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Component of Natural Drugs, Poster-Doctoral Research Center, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Lexin Zhu
- Medical School of Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dongbo Zhan
- Medical School of Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
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Dresen M, Rohde M, Arenas J, de Greeff A, Nerlich A, Valentin‐Weigand P. Identification and characterization of the cell division protein MapZ from Streptococcus suis. Microbiologyopen 2021; 10:e1234. [PMID: 34713609 PMCID: PMC8501179 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, an emerging zoonotic pathogen, causes invasive diseases in pigs, including sepsis, meningitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, and arthritis. Importantly, similar pathologies are reported in human S. suis infections. In previous work, the locus SSU0375 of S. suis strain P1.7 had been identified as a conditionally essential gene by intrathecal experimental infection of pigs with a transposon library of S. suis. This study aimed to identify the function of the corresponding gene product. Bioinformatics analysis and homology modeling revealed sequence and structural homologies with the Streptococcus pneumoniae mid-cell-anchored protein Z (MapZ) that is involved in cell division in different bacterial species. Indeed, depletion of this locus in S. suis strain 10 revealed a growth defect as compared to the wild type. Electron microscopy analysis of the corresponding mutant demonstrated morphological growth defects as compared to the wild-type strain, including an irregular cell shape and size as well as mispositioned division septa. Light microscopy and subsequent quantitative image analysis confirmed these morphological alterations. In the genetic rescue strain, the wild-type phenotype was completely restored. In summary, we proposed that SSU0375 or the corresponding locus in strain 10 encode for a S. suis MapZ homolog that guides septum positioning as evidenced for other members of the Streptococci family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Dresen
- Institute for MicrobiologyCenter for Infection MedicineUniversity of Veterinary Medicine HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for MicroscopyHelmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBraunschweigGermany
| | - Jesús Arenas
- Unit of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of VeterinaryUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Astrid de Greeff
- Wageningen Bioveterinary ResearchPart of Wageningen University and ResearchLelystadThe Netherlands
| | - Andreas Nerlich
- Institute for MicrobiologyCenter for Infection MedicineUniversity of Veterinary Medicine HannoverHannoverGermany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance ResearchFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Peter Valentin‐Weigand
- Institute for MicrobiologyCenter for Infection MedicineUniversity of Veterinary Medicine HannoverHannoverGermany
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Lu Y, Li S, Shen X, Zhao Y, Zhou D, Hu D, Cai X, Lu L, Xiong X, Li M, Cao M. The type II histidine triad protein HtpsC facilitates invasion of epithelial cells by highly virulent Streptococcus suis serotype 2. J Microbiol 2021; 59:949-957. [PMID: 34491523 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-1129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (S. suis 2) is an important zoonotic pathogen that presents a significant threat both to pigs and to workers in the pork industry. The initial steps of S. suis 2 pathogenesis are unclear. In this study, we found that the type II histidine triad protein HtpsC from the highly virulent Chinese isolate 05ZYH33 is structurally similar to internalin A (InlA) from Listeria monocytogenes, which plays an important role in mediating listerial invasion of epithelial cells. To determine if HtpsC and InlA function similarly, an isogenic htpsC mutant (ΔhtpsC) was generated in S. suis by homologous recombination. The htpsC deletion strain exhibited a diminished ability to adhere to and invade epithelial cells from different sources. Double immunofluorescence microscopy also revealed reduced survival of the ΔhtpsC mutant after co-cultivation with epithelium. Adhesion to epithelium and invasion by the wild type strain was inhibited by a monoclonal antibody against E-cadherin. In contrast, the htpsC-deficient mutant was unaffected by the same treatment, suggesting that E-cadherin is the host-cell receptor that interacts with HtpsC and facilitates bacterial internalization. Based on these results, we propose that HtpsC is involved in the process by which S. suis 2 penetrates host epithelial cells, and that this protein is an important virulence factor associated with cell adhesion and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjun Lu
- College Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Shen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Dongming Zhou
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention for the Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Dan Hu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention for the Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xushen Cai
- College Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Lixia Lu
- College Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Xiong
- College Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China.
| | - Min Cao
- College Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
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Gu Q, He P, Wang D, Ma J, Zhong X, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Bai Q, Pan Z, Yao H. An Auto-Regulating Type II Toxin-Antitoxin System Modulates Drug Resistance and Virulence in Streptococcus suis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:671706. [PMID: 34475853 PMCID: PMC8406773 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.671706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are ubiquitous genetic elements that play an essential role in multidrug tolerance and virulence of bacteria. So far, little is known about the TA systems in Streptococcus suis. In this study, the Xress-MNTss TA system, composed of the MNTss toxin in the periplasmic space and its interacting Xress antitoxin, was identified in S. suis. β-galactosidase activity and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) revealed that Xress and the Xress-MNTss complex could bind directly to the Xress-MNTss promoter as well as downregulate streptomycin adenylyltransferase ZY05719_RS04610. Interestingly, the Xress deletion mutant was less pathogenic in vivo following a challenge in mice. Transmission electron microscopy and adhesion assays pointed to a significantly thinner capsule but greater biofilm-formation capacity in ΔXress than in the wild-type strain. These results indicate that Xress-MNTss, a new type II TA system, plays an important role in antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity in S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibing Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
| | - Peijuan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiale Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinchu Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiankun Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
| | - Zihao Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
| | - Huochun Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, China
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Chaiden C, Jaresitthikunchai J, Phaonakrop N, Roytrakul S, Kerdsin A, Nuanualsuwan S. Peptidomics Analysis of Virulent Peptides Involved in Streptococcus suis Pathogenesis. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092480. [PMID: 34573446 PMCID: PMC8468194 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The virulence factors and pathogenesis of S. suis are inconclusive. Here, the associated proteins, or their derived peptides, involved in the survival of S. suis when simulated with a blood environment are demonstrated. The results reveal the derived peptides or proteins of S. suis potentially serving as the putative virulence factors. Further studies based on our findings could be used to fulfill the knowledge gap of S. suis pathogenesis. Abstract Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a zoonotic pathogen causing severe streptococcal disease worldwide. S. suis infections in pigs and humans are frequently associated with the virulent S. suis serotype 2 (SS2). Though various virulence factors of S. suis have been proposed, most of them were not essentially accounted for in the experimental infections. In the present study, we compared the peptidomes of highly virulent SS2 and SS14 in humans, the swine causative serotypes SS7 and SS9, and the rarely reported serotypes SS25 and SS27, and they were cultured in a specified culture medium containing whole blood to simulate their natural host environment. LC-MS/MS could identify 22 unique peptides expressed in the six S. suis serotypes. Under the host-simulated environment, peptides from the ABC-type phosphate transport system (SSU05_1106) and 30S ribosomal protein S2 (rpsB) were detected in the peptidome of virulent SS2 and SS14. Therefore, we suggest that these two proteins or their derived peptides might be involved in the survival of S. suis when simulated with a blood environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadaporn Chaiden
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Janthima Jaresitthikunchai
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology for Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (J.J.); (N.P.)
| | - Narumon Phaonakrop
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology for Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (J.J.); (N.P.)
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology for Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (J.J.); (N.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (S.N.)
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand;
| | - Suphachai Nuanualsuwan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Food Risk Hub, Research Unit of Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (S.N.)
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Zhao Z, Shang X, Chen Y, Zheng Y, Huang W, Jiang H, Lv Q, Kong D, Jiang Y, Liu P. Bacteria elevate extracellular adenosine to exploit host signaling for blood-brain barrier disruption. Virulence 2021; 11:980-994. [PMID: 32772676 PMCID: PMC7549952 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1797352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis remains a substantial cause of mortality worldwide and survivors may have severe lifelong disability. Although we know that meningeal bacterial pathogens must cross blood-central nervous system (CNS) barriers, the mechanisms which facilitate the virulence of these pathogens are poorly understood. Here, we show that adenosine from a surface enzyme (Ssads) of Streptococcus suis facilitates this pathogen’s entry into mouse brains. Monolayer translocation assays (from the human cerebrovascular endothelium) and experiments using diverse inhibitors and agonists together demonstrate that activation of the A1 adenosine receptor signaling cascade in hosts, as well as attendant cytoskeleton remodeling, promote S. suis penetration across blood-CNS barriers. Importantly, our additional findings showing that Ssads orthologs from other bacterial species also promote their translocation across barriers suggest that exploitation of A1 AR signaling may be a general mechanism of bacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunquan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing, China
| | - Xueyi Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing, China
| | - Qingyu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing, China
| | - Decong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing, China
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45
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Dong X, Chao Y, Zhou Y, Zhou R, Zhang W, Fischetti VA, Wang X, Feng Y, Li J. The global emergence of a novel Streptococcus suis clade associated with human infections. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13810. [PMID: 34137500 PMCID: PMC8261479 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, a ubiquitous bacterial colonizer in pigs, has recently extended host range to humans, leading to a global surge of deadly human infections and three large outbreaks since 1998. To better understand the mechanisms for the emergence of cross-species transmission and virulence in human, we have sequenced 366 S. suis human and pig isolates from 2005 to 2016 and performed a large-scale phylogenomic analysis on 1,634 isolates from 14 countries over 36 years. We show the formation of a novel human-associated clade (HAC) diversified from swine S. suis isolates. Phylogeographic analysis identified Europe as the origin of HAC, coinciding with the exportation of European swine breeds between 1960s and 1970s. HAC is composed of three sub-lineages and contains several healthy-pig isolates that display high virulence in experimental infections, suggesting healthy-pig carriers as a potential source for human infection. New HAC-specific genes are identified as promising markers for pathogen detection and surveillance. Our discovery of a human-associated S. suis clade provides insights into the evolution of this emerging human pathogen and extend our understanding of S. suis epidemics worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative DietologyInterdisciplinary Sciences InstituteCollege of Food Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- National R&D Center for Se‐rich Agricultural Products ProcessingHubei Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Green Se‐rich Agricultural ProductsSchool of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and EngineeringWuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yanjie Chao
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health (CMDH)CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and ImmunologyInstitut Pasteur of ShanghaiChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- College of FisheriesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Vincent A. Fischetti
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and ImmunologyThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative DietologyInterdisciplinary Sciences InstituteCollege of Food Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ye Feng
- Institute of Translational MedicineSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jinquan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative DietologyInterdisciplinary Sciences InstituteCollege of Food Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and ImmunologyThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
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46
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Chen T, Wang C, Hu L, Lu H, Song F, Zhang A, Wang X, Chen H, Tan C. Evaluation of the immunoprotective effects of IF-2 GTPase and SSU05-1022 as a candidate for a Streptococcus suis subunit vaccine. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:721-729. [PMID: 34223787 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aims to develop a subunit vaccine with high cross-protection for Streptococcus suis. Materials & methods: Four-week-old female BALB/c mice were first immunized with a single and mixed protein. Various indicators, such as antibody titers and various cytokine levels, were further analyzed. Results: The results showed that purified recombinant proteins IF-2 and 1022 had a good protective effect against lethal doses of S. suis serotype 2 and S. suis serotype 9. This study showed immunization with recombinant proteins. Conclusion: IF-2 and 1022 can enhance cross-protection against S. suis serotypes 2 and 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tumei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Linlin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Hao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Fangyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Anding Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science & Technology of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science & Technology of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science & Technology of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science & Technology of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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47
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Interleukin-17A Contributes to Bacterial Clearance in a Mouse Model of Streptococcal Toxic Shock-Like Syndrome. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060766. [PMID: 34204511 PMCID: PMC8235343 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis), an emerging zoonotic pathogen, can cause streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (STSLS) in humans with high mortality. STSLS is characterized by high bacterial burden, an inflammatory cytokine storm, multi-organ dysfunction, and ultimately acute host death. Although it has been found that a significantly high level of IL-17A was induced in an NLRP3-dependent manner during STSLS development, the role of IL-17A on S. suis STSLS remains to be elucidated. In this study, we found that the epidemic strain SC 19 caused a significantly higher level of IL-17A than the non-epidemic strain P1/7. In addition, higher bacterial burden was observed from SC 19-infected il17a−/− mice than il17a+/+ mice, although acute death, tissue injury and inflammatory cytokines storm were observed in both types of mice. Furthermore, compared with il17a+/+ mice, the level of neutrophils recruitment was lower in il17a−/− mice, and the levels of induced antimicrobial proteins, such as CRAMP, S100A8 and lipocalin-2, were also decreased in il17a−/− mice. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that IL-17A does not contribute to the severe inflammation, although it may play a minor role for bacterial clearance by inducing antimicrobial proteins and promoting neutrophil recruitment during STSLS.
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48
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Zhu H, Zhou J, Wang D, Yu Z, Li B, Ni Y, He K. Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals that serine/threonine kinase is involved in Streptococcus suis virulence and adaption to stress conditions. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:4715-4726. [PMID: 34028569 PMCID: PMC8141825 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The eukaryotic-type serine/threonine kinase of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) performs critical roles in bacterial pathogenesis. In this study, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) MS/MS were used to analyze the protein profiles of wild type strain SS2-1 and its isogenic STK deletion mutant (Δstk). A total of 281 significant differential proteins, including 147 up-regulated and 134 down-regulated proteins, were found in Δstk. Moreover, 69 virulence factors (VFs) among these 281 proteins were predicted by the Virulence Factor Database (VFDB), including 38 downregulated and 31 up-regulated proteins in Δstk, among which 15 down regulated VFs were known VFs of SS2. Among the down-regulated proteins, high temperature requirement A (HtrA), glutamine synthase (GlnA), ferrichrome ABC transporter substrate-binding protein FepB, and Zinc-binding protein AdcA are known to be involved in bacterial survival and/or nutrient and energy acquisition under adverse host conditions. Overall, our results indicate that STK regulates the expression of proteins involved in virulence of SS2 and its adaption to stress environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodan Zhu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junming Zhou
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Yu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxiu Ni
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kongwang He
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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Zheng C, Wei M, Qiu J, Li J. A Markerless Gene Deletion System in Streptococcus suis by Using the Copper-Inducible Vibrio parahaemolyticus YoeB Toxin as a Counterselectable Marker. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1095. [PMID: 34069706 PMCID: PMC8160710 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important zoonotic pathogen causing severe infections in swine and humans. Induction of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus YoeB toxin in Escherichia coli resulted in cell death, leading to the speculation that YoeBVp can be a counterselectable marker. Herein, the counterselection potential of YoeBVp was assessed in S. suis. The yoeBVp gene was placed under the copper-induced promoter PcopA. The PcopA-yoeBVp construct was cloned into the S. suis-E. coli shuttle vector pSET2 and introduced into S. suis to assess the effect of YoeBVp expression on S. suis growth. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR showed that copper induced yoeBVp expression. Growth curve analyses and spot dilution assays showed that YoeBVp expression inhibited S. suis growth both in liquid media and on agar plates, revealing that YoeBVp has the potential to be a counterselectable marker for S. suis. A SCIY cassette comprising the spectinomycin-resistance gene and copper-induced yoeBVp was constructed. Using the SCIY cassette and peptide-induced competence, a novel two-step markerless gene deletion method was established for S. suis. Moreover, using the ΔperR mutant generated by this method, we demonstrated that PmtA, a ferrous iron and cobalt efflux pump in S. suis, was negatively regulated by the PerR regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkun Zheng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.W.); (J.Q.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Man Wei
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.W.); (J.Q.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jun Qiu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.W.); (J.Q.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
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50
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Yue C, Hu C, Xiang P, Zhang S, Xiao H, Zhou W, Jin H, Shi D, Li J, Xu L, Chen Y, Zeng Y. Autophagy is a defense mechanism controlling Streptococcus suis serotype 2 infection in murine microglia cells. Vet Microbiol 2021; 258:109103. [PMID: 33991788 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important swine and human pathogen, causing severe meningitis with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Microglial activation and inflammation are responsible for bacterial meningitis. S. suis has been identified to activate microglia, but the role of autophagy following S. suis infection in microglial cells remains elusive. In this study, using western blot, immunofluorescent staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we demonstrated that S. suis serotype 2 (SS2) triggered autophagosome and enhanced autophagic flux in BV2 microglial cells. Autophagy activators, rapamycin, could further promote autophagy in S. suis-infected BV2 cells. Conversely, autophagy inhibitors including siRNA targeting ATG5, Beclin-1, ATG9a and ATG12 attenuated the autophagic process. Consistent with the in vitro results, autophagy was activated following S. suis infection in brain tissue including frontal cortex and hippocampus in a mouse model of meningitis. Further experiment showed that autophagy serves as a cellular defense mechanism to limit invaded bacteria and microglia inflammation in S. suis-infected BV2 cells. This is the first study reporting that the interaction between autophagy and microglia cells in response to S. suis infection. The possible mechanism involved could additionally suggest potential therapeutic approaches for bacterial meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxiong Yue
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenlu Hu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Xiang
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siming Zhang
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongde Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Deshi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lang Xu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yushan Chen
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yan Zeng
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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