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Gonçalves TDS, Ursine RL, Cardozo M, Matos RLFDR, de Souza RDCM, Diotaiuti LG, Gorla DE, de Carvalho SFG, Vieira TM. Socio-environmental factors associated with the occurrence of triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in an endemic municipality in northern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Zoonoses Public Health 2024; 71:34-47. [PMID: 37792668 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Triatomines are the vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. The study aimed to evaluate the association between sociodemographic and environmental factors, and changes in land use and cover, with the occurrence and abundance of triatomines by census sectors in an endemic municipality of northern Minas Gerais, Brazil. The study was conducted in Montes Claros, located in the north of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The entomological data used in the study were collected by active surveillance in the rural area from 2015 to 2019 and by passive surveillance in the urban area from 2009 to 2019. Data on sociodemographic and environmental factors and changes in land use and land cover were obtained from the urban and rural census sectors. A total of 1404 triatomines, belonging to eight species, were captured in domiciles in the rural area (2015-2019) and 277 triatomines in domiciles in the urban area (2009-2019) of the municipality of Montes Claros. The variables the number of domiciles, household economic income, pavement, NDVI, deforestation, unchanged, and anthropic proved to be positively associated with the occurrence and/or number of triatomines in census sectors, within the models. The occurrence of triatomines in the domestic environment of the municipality of Montes Claros should be considered a public health problem, as it suggests a potential risk of establishment and transmission of T. cruzi to domestic animals, farm animals, and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renata Luiz Ursine
- Health Science Programme, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Brazil
| | - Miriam Cardozo
- Institute of Biological and Technological Research, CONICET and Córdoba National University, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - David Eladio Gorla
- Institute of Animal Diversity and Ecology, CONICET and National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Urbano P, Hernández C, Velásquez-Ortiz N, Ballesteros N, Páez-Triana L, Vega L, Urrea V, Ramírez A, Muñoz M, Ibarra-Cerdeña CN, González C, Ramírez JD. Transmission ecology of Trypanosoma cruzi by Rhodnius prolixus (Reduviidae: Triatominae) infesting palm-tree species in the Colombian Orinoco, indicates risks to human populations. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011981. [PMID: 38377140 PMCID: PMC10906903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease, affecting approximately eight million individuals in tropical regions, is primarily transmitted by vectors. Rhodnius prolixus, a triatomine vector, commonly inhabits in ecotopes with diverse palm tree species, creating optimal conditions for vector proliferation. This study aims to explore the transmission ecology of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative parasite of Chagas disease, by investigating the feeding patterns and natural infection rates of R. prolixus specimens collected from various wild palm species in the Colombian Orinoco region. MATERIALS AND METHODS To achieve this objective, we sampled 35 individuals from three palm species (Attalea butyracea, Acrocomia aculeata, and Mauritia flexuosa) in a riparian forest in the Casanare department of eastern Colombia, totaling 105 sampled palm trees. DNA was extracted and analyzed from 115 R. prolixus specimens at different developmental stages using quantitative PCR (qPCR) for T. cruzi detection and identification of discrete typing units. Feeding preferences were determined by sequencing the 12S rRNA gene amplicon through next-generation sequencing. RESULTS A total of 676 R. prolixus specimens were collected from the sampled palms. The study revealed variation in population densities and developmental stages of R. prolixus among palm tree species, with higher densities observed in A. butyracea and lower densities in M. flexuosa. TcI was the exclusive T. cruzi discrete typing unit (DTU) found, with infection frequency positively correlated with R. prolixus abundance. Insects captured in A. butyracea exhibited higher abundance and infection rates than those from other palm species. The feeding sources comprised 13 mammal species, showing no significant differences between palm species in terms of blood sources. However, Didelphis marsupialis and Homo sapiens were present in all examined R. prolixus, and Dasypus novemcinctus was found in 89.47% of the insects. CONCLUSION This study highlights the significance of wild palms, particularly A. butyracea, as a substantial risk factor for T. cruzi transmission to humans in these environments. High population densities and infection rates of R. prolixus were observed in each examined palm tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plutarco Urbano
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biológicas de la Orinoquia, Universidad Internacional del Trópico Americano (Unitrópico), Yopal, Colombia
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Hernández
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Centro de Tecnología en Salud (CETESA), Innovaseq SAS, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Natalia Velásquez-Ortiz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nathalia Ballesteros
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luisa Páez-Triana
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laura Vega
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Vanessa Urrea
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Angie Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Marina Muñoz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos N. Ibarra-Cerdeña
- Departamento de Ecología Humana, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Camila González
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
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Bilheiro AB, Costa GDS, Araújo MS, Ribeiro WAR, Finamore-Araújo P, Moreira OC, Medeiros JF, Fontes G, Camargo LMA. Detection and Genotyping of Trypanosoma cruzi Samples in Species of Genus Rhodnius from Different Environments in the Brazilian Amazon. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024; 24:95-103. [PMID: 38165392 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: In the Amazon region, several species of triatomines occur in the natural environments. Among them, species of the genus Rhodnius are a risk to human populations due to their high rates of infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. The aim of this study was to identify the T. cruzi genotypes in Rhodnius specimens and their relationship with sylvatic hosts from different environments in the Brazilian Amazon. Methods: A total of 492 triatomines were collected from the municipalities of Monte Negro, Rondônia state, and Humaitá, Amazonas state, 382 of them being nymphs and 110 adults. Genotyping of T. cruzi in six discrete typing units (DTUs) was performed using conventional multilocus PCR. The triatomines that were positive for T. cruzi and engorged with blood were also targeted for amplification of the cytochrome B (cytB) gene to identify bloodmeal sources. Results: Of the 162 positive samples, the identified DTUs were TcI (87.65%) and TcIV (12.35%). It was observed that 102 specimens were engorged with a variety of bloodmeals. Triatomines infected with TcI were associated with DNA of all identified vertebrates, except Plecturocebus brunneus. TcIV was detected in triatomines that fed on Coendou prehensilis, Didelphis marsupialis, Mabuya nigropunctata, P. brunneus, Pithecia irrorata, Sapajus apella, and Tamandua tetradactyla. Conclusion: Results highlight the need to understand the patterns of T. cruzi genotypes in Rhodnius spp. and their association with sylvatic hosts to better elucidate their role in the transmission of Chagas disease in the Amazon region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Benatti Bilheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Glaucilene da Silva Costa
- Laboratório de Saúde Pública-LACEN, Núcleo de Biologia Animal e Entomologia Médica, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Maisa Silva Araújo
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical de Rondônia (CEPEM)/Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Finamore-Araújo
- Laboratório de Virologia e Parasitologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/IOC, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Otacílio C Moreira
- Laboratório de Virologia e Parasitologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/IOC, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jansen Fernandes Medeiros
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental INCT-EPIAMO, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fontes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental INCT-EPIAMO, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Luís Marcelo Aranha Camargo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical de Rondônia (CEPEM)/Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas 5, Universidade de São Paulo (ICB-5, USP), Monte Negro, RO, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental INCT-EPIAMO, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
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Varian CP, Saldaña A, Calzada JE, Abad‐Franch F, Kieran TJ, Padukone A, Peterson JK, Gottdenker NL. Food web structure and microenvironment affect Chagas disease vector infection and abundance in a rural landscape. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christina P. Varian
- Department of Veterinary Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
| | - Azael Saldaña
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES) Panama City Panama
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Parasitarias (CIDEP), Faculty of Medicine University of Panamá Panama City Panama
| | - Jose E. Calzada
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES) Panama City Panama
| | - Fernando Abad‐Franch
- Grupo Triatomíneos Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz – Fiocruz Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Brasília Brasília Distrito Federal Brazil
| | - Troy J. Kieran
- Department of Environmental Health Science College of Public Health, University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
| | - Anchal Padukone
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | | | - Nicole L. Gottdenker
- Department of Veterinary Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
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Brito AKSBD, Sousa DRTD, Silva Junior EFD, Ruiz HJDS, Arcanjo ARL, Ortiz JV, Brito SSD, Jesus DV, Lima JRCD, Couceiro KDN, Silva MRHDSE, Ferreira JMBB, Guerra JAO, Guerra MDGVB. Acute micro-outbreak of Chagas disease in the southeastern Amazon: a report of five cases. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2022; 55:e0687. [PMID: 36000619 PMCID: PMC9405943 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0687-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chagas disease is gaining importance in the Brazilian Amazon region as a differential diagnosis of febrile syndrome. The most recent microoutbreak occurred in Ipixuna, in Amazonas state. Methods: An epidemiological survey was conducted using parasitological and serological tests, and electrocardiographic analysis. Results: The patients belonged to one family and had ingested açaí acquired from Ipixuna. All patients reported fever and initially a thick blood smear test was done to identify Trypanosoma cruzi. Benznidazole treatment was administered to all patients. Conclusions: Knowledge of the epidemiological dynamics of Chagas disease allows us to improve control and management measures for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ana Ruth Lima Arcanjo
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde Dra. Rosemary Costa Pinto, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Jessica Vanina Ortiz
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jorge Augusto Oliveira Guerra
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil
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de Arias AR, Monroy C, Guhl F, Sosa-Estani S, Santos WS, Abad-Franch F. Chagas disease control-surveillance in the Americas: the multinational initiatives and the practical impossibility of interrupting vector-borne Trypanosoma cruzi transmission. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2022; 117:e210130. [PMID: 35830010 PMCID: PMC9261920 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760210130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) still imposes a heavy burden on most Latin American countries. Vector-borne and mother-to-child transmission cause several thousand new infections per year, and at least 5 million people carry Trypanosoma cruzi. Access to diagnosis and medical care, however, is far from universal. Starting in the 1990s, CD-endemic countries and the Pan American Health Organization-World Health Organization (PAHO-WHO) launched a series of multinational initiatives for CD control-surveillance. An overview of the initiatives’ aims, achievements, and challenges reveals some key common themes that we discuss here in the context of the WHO 2030 goals for CD. Transmission of T. cruzi via blood transfusion and organ transplantation is effectively under control. T. cruzi, however, is a zoonotic pathogen with 100+ vector species widely spread across the Americas; interrupting vector-borne transmission seems therefore unfeasible. Stronger surveillance systems are, and will continue to be, needed to monitor and control CD. Prevention of vertical transmission demands boosting current efforts to screen pregnant and childbearing-aged women. Finally, integral patient care is a critical unmet need in most countries. The decades-long experience of the initiatives, in sum, hints at the practical impossibility of interrupting vector-borne T. cruzi transmission in the Americas. The concept of disease control seems to provide a more realistic description of what can in effect be achieved by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlota Monroy
- Universidad de San Carlos, Laboratorio de Entomología y Parasitología Aplicadas, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Felipe Guhl
- Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sergio Sosa-Estani
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative Latin America, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Walter Souza Santos
- Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Epidemiologia das Leishmanioses, Ananindeua, PA, Brasil
| | - Fernando Abad-Franch
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Brasília, DF, Brasil
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Modeling Abundance of Culicoides stellifer, a Candidate Orbivirus Vector, Indicates Nonrandom Hemorrhagic Disease Risk for White-Tailed Deer ( Odocoileus virginianus). Viruses 2021; 13:v13071328. [PMID: 34372534 PMCID: PMC8310359 DOI: 10.3390/v13071328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Hemorrhagic diseases in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are caused by orbiviruses and have significant economic impact on the deer ranching industry in the United States. Culicoides stellifer is a suspected vector of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), with recent field evidence from Florida, but its natural history is poorly understood. Studying the distribution and abundance of C. stellifer across the landscape can inform our knowledge of how virus transmission can occur locally. We may then target vector management strategies in areas where viral transmission can occur. (2) Methods: Here, we used an occupancy modeling approach to estimate abundance of adult C. stellifer females at various physiological states to determine habitat preferences. We then mapped midge abundance during the orbiviral disease transmission period (May–October) in Florida. (3) Results: We found that overall, midge abundance was positively associated with sites in closer proximity to large-animal feeders. Additionally, midges generally preferred mixed bottomland hardwood and agricultural/sand/water habitats. Female C. stellifer with different physiological states preferred different habitats. (4) Conclusions: The differences in habitat preferences between midges across states indicate that disease risk for deer is heterogeneous across this landscape. This can inform how effective vector management strategies should be implemented.
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Santos WS, Gurgel-Gonçalves R, Garcez LM, Abad-Franch F. Deforestation effects on Attalea palms and their resident Rhodnius, vectors of Chagas disease, in eastern Amazonia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252071. [PMID: 34015050 PMCID: PMC8136634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Attalea palms provide primary habitat to Rhodnius spp., vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi. Flying from palms, these blood-sucking bugs often invade houses and can infect people directly or via food contamination. Chagas disease (CD) risk may therefore increase when Attalea palms thrive near houses. For example, Attalea dominate many deforested landscapes of eastern Amazonia, where acute-CD outbreaks are disturbingly frequent. Despite this possible link between deforestation and CD risk, the population-level responses of Amazonian Attalea and their resident Rhodnius to anthropogenic landscape disturbance remain largely uncharted. We studied adult Attalea palms in old-growth forest (OGF), young secondary forest (YSF), and cattle pasture (CP) in two localities of eastern Amazonia. We recorded 1856 Attalea along 10 transects (153.6 ha), and detected infestation by Rhodnius spp. in 18 of 280 systematically-sampled palms (33 bugs caught). Distance-sampling models suggest that, relative to OGF, adult Attalea density declined by 70-80% in CP and then recovered in YSF. Site-occupancy models estimate a strong positive effect of deforestation on palm-infestation odds (βCP-infestation = 4.82±1.14 SE), with a moderate decline in recovering YSF (βYSF-infestation = 2.66±1.10 SE). Similarly, N-mixture models suggest that, relative to OGF, mean vector density sharply increased in CP palms (βCP-density = 3.20±0.62 SE) and then tapered in YSF (βYSF-density = 1.61±0.76 SE). Together, these results indicate that disturbed landscapes may support between ~2.5 (YSF) and ~5.1 (CP) times more Attalea-dwelling Rhodnius spp. per unit area than OGF. We provide evidence that deforestation may favor palm-dwelling CD vectors in eastern Amazonia. Importantly, our landscape-disturbance effect estimates explicitly take account of (i) imperfect palm and bug detection and (ii) the uncertainties about infestation and vector density arising from sparse bug data. These results suggest that incorporating landscape-disturbance metrics into the spatial stratification of transmission risk could help enhance CD surveillance and prevention in Amazonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Souza Santos
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia das Leishmanioses, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Lourdes Maria Garcez
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia das Leishmanioses, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Fernando Abad-Franch
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Grupo Triatomíneos, Instituto René Rachou–Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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9
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Strauss AT, Henning JA, Porath‐Krause A, Asmus AL, Shaw AK, Borer ET, Seabloom EW. Vector demography, dispersal and the spread of disease: Experimental epidemics under elevated resource supply. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T. Strauss
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Jeremiah A. Henning
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Anita Porath‐Krause
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Ashley L. Asmus
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Allison K. Shaw
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Elizabeth T. Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Eric W. Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
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Calderón JM, Erazo D, Kieran TJ, Gottdenker NL, León C, Cordovez J, Guhl F, Glenn TC, González C. How microclimatic variables and blood meal sources influence Rhodnius prolixus abundance and Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Attalea butyracea and Elaeis guineensis palms? Acta Trop 2020; 212:105674. [PMID: 32827453 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a zoonosis that affects several million people and is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which is mainly transmitted through the feces of triatomine bugs. Within triatomines, several Rhodnius species have been found inhabiting palms, and certain factors such as palm species and location have been related to the abundance and T. cruzi infection of those insects in palms. In this study, the main goal was to determine if R. prolixus abundances and infection rates in Attalea butyracea and Elaeis guineensis palms are related to ecological factors such as palm species, crown microclimate, and available blood meal sources. Triatomine sampling was performed in two municipalities of Casanare, Colombia, specifically in the intersection of riparian forests and oil palm plantations. For R. prolixus abundance per palm, the predictors showing more relationship were palm species and blood meal species identified in the palm, and for T. cruzi infection per triatomine, they were palm species and nymphal stage. Palm microclimate was very similar in both palm species and did not show a relationship with triatomine abundance. Comparing palm species, A. butyracea showed more blood meal species, including more refractory host species, than E. guineensis, but lower T. cruzi infection rate and parasitaemia. Interestingly, non-arboreal blood meal species were frequently found in the analyzed nymphs, indicating that the blood source for R. prolixus in palms corresponded to all the fauna located in the surrounded landscape and not only in the palm. These results could expose a new ecological scenario to interpret the T. cruzi transmission in sylvatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan M Calderón
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C. 111711, Colombia.
| | - Diana Erazo
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología Matemática y Computacional (BIOMAC), Departamento de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá D.C. 111711, Colombia
| | - Troy J Kieran
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Nicole L Gottdenker
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Cielo León
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C. 111711, Colombia
| | - Juan Cordovez
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología Matemática y Computacional (BIOMAC), Departamento de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá D.C. 111711, Colombia
| | - Felipe Guhl
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C. 111711, Colombia
| | - Travis C Glenn
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Camila González
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C. 111711, Colombia
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Ferreira ALDS, Santana MDA, dos Santos LVB, Monteiro DP, Campos JHF, Sena LLJ, Mendonça VJ. Triatoma brasiliensis Neiva, 1911 and Triatoma pseudomaculata Corrêa and Espínola, 1964 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) in rural communities in Northeast Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2020; 62:e74. [PMID: 33027398 PMCID: PMC7534401 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202062074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is an important endemic morbidity in Latin America affecting millions of people in the American continent. It is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, and transmitted through the feces of the insect vector belonging to the subfamily Triatominae. The present conducted an entomological survey of triatomines and analyzed entomological indicators, such as the rate of infestation, colonization, triatomine density and natural infection in rural communities in the municipality of Campinas do Piaui, Piaui State, in the Northeast region of Brazil. Data on the search of triatomines performed in 167 domiciliary units (DUs), harvested during the period of February to July 2019, in 12 rural communities were analyzed. The capture of triatomines occurred in all studied communities, being 76 the number of positive DUs, of the 167 surveyed, presenting a global rate of infestation of 45.51%. Two triatomines species were collected: Triatoma brasiliensis (98.49%) and T. pseudomaculata (1.51%), the first was found in the domiciliary and peridomiciliary areas, while the second was captured only in peridomiciliary areas. The index of colonization was 17.1%. Natural infection was observed only in 5.44% of T. brasiliensis samples. The entomological survey was conducted in rural communities, showingthe risk of transmission of Chagas disease to the local population, requiring continuous entomological surveillance and vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vagner José Mendonça
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Departamento de Parasitologia e Microbiologia, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
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Verly T, Costa S, Lima N, Mallet J, Odêncio F, Pereira M, Moreira CJDC, Britto C, Pavan MG. Vector competence and feeding-excretion behavior of Triatoma rubrovaria (Blanchard, 1843) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) infected with Trypanosoma cruzi TcVI. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008712. [PMID: 32970687 PMCID: PMC7544132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies addressed changes on the insect vector behavior due to parasite infection, but little is known for triatomine bugs, vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. We assessed infection rates and metacyclogenesis of T. cruzi (TcVI) in fifth-instar nymphs of Triatoma rubrovaria comparing with the primary vector Triatoma infestans. Also, biological parameters related to feeding-excretion behavior were evaluated aiming to identify which variables are most influenced by T. cruzi infection. Methodology/principal findings Fifth-instar nymphs of T. rubrovaria and T. infestans were fed on mice infected with T. cruzi (TcVI). We compared the presence and the number of parasite evolutive forms in excreta of both triatomine species at 30, 60 and 90 days post-infection (dpi) with traditional statistical analyses. Moreover, both species were analyzed through generalized linear models and multinomial logistic regression hypotheses for seven behavioral parameters related to host-seeking and feeding-excretion. Triatoma rubrovaria and T. infestans had similar overall infection and metacyclogenesis rates of T. cruzi TcVI in laboratory conditions. Regarding vector behavior, we confirmed that the triatomine’s tendency is to move away from the bite region after a blood meal, probably to avoid being noticed by the vertebrate host. Interspecific differences were observed on the volume of blood ingested and on the proportion of individuals that excreted after the blood meal, revealing the higher feeding efficiency and dejection rates of T. infestans. The amount of ingested blood and the bite behavior of T. rubrovaria seems to be influenced by TcVI infection. Infected specimens tended to ingest ~25% more blood and to bite more the head of the host. Noteworthy, in two occasions, kleptohematophagy and coprophagy behaviors were also observed in T. rubrovaria. Conclusions/significance Laboratory infections revealed similar rate of T. cruzi TcVI trypomatigotes in excreta of T. rubrovaria and T. infestans, one of the most epidemiological important vectors of T. cruzi. Therefore, TcVI DTU was able to complete its life cycle in T. rubrovaria under laboratory conditions, and this infection changed the feeding behavior of T. rubrovaria. Considering these results, T. rubrovaria must be kept under constant entomological surveillance in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Chagas disease is caused by the etiological agent Trypanosoma cruzi and is mainly transmitted through the excreta of triatomine vectors. It is endemic in Latin America and the Caribbean, affecting ~8 million people. Control programs are based on the elimination of domestic vectors through insecticide-spraying indoors, since there is no vaccine or efficient treatment for chronic patients. However, this strategy is not sustainable where native triatomine species are capable of colonizing peridomestic structures and reinvading human dwellings. Since the ‘virtual’ elimination of Triatomainfestans in Brazil (residual foci remain in Rio Grande do Sul and Bahia), specimens of the native Triatoma rubrovaria have been constantly collected inside human dwellings and peridomiciliary ecotopes in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, which might represent a real risk for human infections. Here we analyzed a unique and large dataset through classical and modern statistical methods to evaluate T. cruzi infection in T. rubrovaria and to identify host-seeking, and also feeding/excretion behavioral traits that could be influenced by the parasite. Our results indicated that the parasite infection caused changes in T. rubrovaria feeding behavior that could increase T. cruzi TcVI transmission. Moreover, this vector species had similar infection rate to one of the main important Chagas disease vectors in South America, T. infestans. Therefore, T. rubrovaria must be kept under constant entomological surveillance in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaiane Verly
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stephanie Costa
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nathanielly Lima
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jacenir Mallet
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Iguaçu - UNIG, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisco Odêncio
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mirian Pereira
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Constança Britto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcio G. Pavan
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Villacís AG, Bustillos JJ, Depickère S, Sánchez D, Yumiseva CA, Troya-Zuleta A, Barnabé C, Grijalva MJ, Brenière SF. Would tropical climatic variations impact the genetic variability of triatomines: Rhodnius ecuadoriensis, principal vector of Chagas disease in Ecuador? Acta Trop 2020; 209:105530. [PMID: 32439318 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Rhodnius ecuadoriensis is one of the most important vector species of Chagas disease in Ecuador. This species is distributed in the Central coast region and in the south Andean region, and an incipient speciation process between these geographical populations was previously proposed. The current population genetics study only focused on the Central coast region and analyzed 96 sylvatic specimens of R. ecuadoriensis associated with Phytelephas aequatorialis palm trees. We used Cytb and 16S-rRNA sequences and a Cytb-16S-rRNA concatenated set to explore (i) the genetic variability, spatial structuring, and demographic history of R. ecuadoriensis, and to determine (ii) the relationship between the genetic and climatic variabilities. A particularly high genetic variability was observed without detectable general genetic structure; only some terminal genetic clusters were observed. We did not observe isolation by geographical distance (IBD), and it is likely that ancient expansion occurred, according to Fs index and mismatch distribution for Cytb-16S-rRNA concatenated sequences. Hierarchical clustering showed that the current locality origins of the bugs were grouped into four bioclimatic clusters. Genetic and bioclimatic distances were not correlated, but some genetic clusters were associated with bioclimatic ones. The results showed an ancient evolution of the species in the region with a possible old expansion. The absence of spatial genetic structure could be due to climatic conditions (possible selection of singular genotypes) and to passive transportation of palms tree materials where R. ecuadoriensis are living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita G Villacís
- Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina, (CISeAL), Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador; Infectious and Tropical Disease Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Irvine Hall, Athens, Ohio, 45701.
| | - Juan José Bustillos
- Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina, (CISeAL), Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Stéphanie Depickère
- Grupo de Sistemas Complejos, Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Dino Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina, (CISeAL), Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - César A Yumiseva
- Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina, (CISeAL), Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ana Troya-Zuleta
- Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Christian Barnabé
- INTERTRYP, CIRAD, IRD, University of Montpellier, TA A-17/G, International Campus in Baillarguet, Montpellier, France
| | - Mario J Grijalva
- Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina, (CISeAL), Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador; Infectious and Tropical Disease Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Irvine Hall, Athens, Ohio, 45701
| | - Simone Frédérique Brenière
- Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina, (CISeAL), Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador; INTERTRYP, CIRAD, IRD, University of Montpellier, TA A-17/G, International Campus in Baillarguet, Montpellier, France
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14
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Calderón JM, González C. Co-occurrence or dependence? Using spatial analyses to explore the interaction between palms and Rhodnius triatomines. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:211. [PMID: 32321545 PMCID: PMC7178562 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triatomine bugs are responsible for the vectorial transmission of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, a zoonosis affecting 10 million people and with 25 million at risk of infection. Triatomines are associated with particular habitats that offer shelter and food. Several triatomine species of the genus Rhodnius have a close association with palm crowns, where bugs can obtain microclimatic stability and blood from the associated fauna. The Rhodnius-palm interaction has been reported in several places of Central and South America. However, the association in the distributions of Rhodnius species and palms has not been explicitly determined. Methods Niches of Rhodnius and palm species with reports of Rhodnius spp. infestation were estimated by minimum volume ellipsoids and compared in the environmental and the geographical space to identify niche similarity. Rhodnius spp. niche models were run with the palm distributions as environmental variables to determine if palm presence could be considered a predictor of Rhodnius spp. distributions, improving model performance. Results Niche similarity was found between all the studied Rhodnius and palm species showing variation in niche overlap among the involved species. Most of the areas with suitable conditions for Rhodnius species were also suitable to palm species, being favorable for more than one palm species in the majority of locations. Performance was similar in Rhodnius niche models with and without palm distributions. However, when palm distributions were included, their contribution to the model was high, being the most important variable in some Rhodnius spp. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first time that the distributions of Rhodnius and palm species were compared on a large scale and their spatial association explicitly studied. We found spatial association between Rhodnius and palm species can be explained because both organisms shared environmental requirements, and most of the areas with suitable conditions for Rhodnius species were also suitable to several palm species. Rhodnius presence would not be restricted to palm presence but the zones with palm presence could be more suitable for Rhodnius spp. presence. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan M Calderón
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical, (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
| | - Camila González
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical, (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
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Jansen AM, Xavier SCDC, Roque ALR. Landmarks of the Knowledge and Trypanosoma cruzi Biology in the Wild Environment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:10. [PMID: 32117794 PMCID: PMC7016096 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosomatids are ancient parasitic eukaryotes that still maintain prokaryotic characteristics. Trypanosoma cruzi, a primarily wild mammal parasite, infected humans already long before European colonization of the Americas. T. cruzi heterogeneity remains an unsolved question, and until now, it has still not been possible to associate T. cruzi genotypes with any biological or epidemiological feature. One of the first biochemical attempts to cluster the T. cruzi subpopulations recognized three main subpopulations (zymodemes) that have been associated with the transmission cycles in the wild (Z1; Z3) and in the domestic environment (Z2). The description of wild mammal species harboring Z2 two decades later challenged this assemblage attempt. Currently, the genotypes of T. cruzi are assembled in seven discrete typing units (DTUs). The biology of T. cruzi still shows novelties such as the description of epimastigotes multiplying and differentiating to metacyclic trypomastigotes in the lumen of the scent glands of Didelphis spp. and the capacity of the true meiosis in parallel to clonal reproduction. The study of the transmission cycle among wild animals has broken paradigms and raised new questions: (i) the interaction of the T. cruzi DTUs with each of its mammalian host species displays peculiarities; (ii) the impact of mixed genotypes and species on the transmissibility of one or another species or on pathogenesis is still unknown; (iii) independent T. cruzi transmission cycles may occur in the same forest fragment; (iv) the capacity to act as a reservoir depends on the peculiarities of the host species and the parasite genotype; and (v) faunistic composition is a defining trait of the T. cruzi transmission cycle profile. The development of models of environmental variables that determine the spatial distribution of the elements that make up T. cruzi transmission by spatial analysis, followed by map algebra and networking, are the next steps toward interpreting and dealing with the new profile of Chagas disease with its many peculiarities. There is no way to solve this neglected disease once and for all if not through a multidisciplinary look that takes into account all kinds of human and animal activities in parallel to environmental variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Jansen
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Rodríguez-Planes LI, Gaspe MS, Enriquez GF, Gürtler RE. Impacts of residual insecticide spraying on the abundance and habitat occupancy of Triatoma sordida and co-occurrence with Triatoma infestans: A three-year follow-up in northeastern Argentina. Acta Trop 2020; 202:105251. [PMID: 31706862 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Triatoma infestans, the main vector in the Gran Chaco region, may competitively displace other sympatric species such as Triatoma sordida. We conducted a three-year longitudinal study of site- and house-level infestation and abundance of triatomine bugs before and after an area-wide insecticide spraying campaign followed by sustained vector surveillance in a well-defined rural section of the Argentine Chaco encompassing 368-411 houses. Here, we tested whether insecticide applications targeting and virtually suppressing T. infestans reduced the abundance of T. sordida and modified its habitat occupancies, and whether their joint spatial distribution was random, aggregated or uniform, and varied over time. Systematic timed-manual searches of 18,031 sites yielded 2,226 T. sordida over seven postintervention surveys. Triatoma sordida failed to colonize human sleeping quarters after interventions, and its prime and secondary habitats remained virtually unmodified. Residual insecticide spraying and seasonality best described variations in the house-level abundance of T. sordida as determined using a generalized estimating equation model. Two-species foci occurred in 3.2% of sites ever positive for any species. The habitat-adjusted relative odds of catching one species was 10.8 times greater when the other species was present, with no evidence of heterogeneity among ORs, suggesting no antagonistic interactions throughout the follow-up. The spatial occurrence of both species was significantly aggregated within 300-500 m before and after interventions, and was random at broader spatial scales. The habitat occupancies of T. sordida may be used as a proxy for potential infestation with T. infestans and to guide targeted vector control actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía I Rodríguez-Planes
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Onas 450, Ushuaia 9410, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Onas 450, Ushuaia 9410, Argentina
| | - M Sol Gaspe
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo F Enriquez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo E Gürtler
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Garrido R, Bacigalupo A, Peña-Gómez F, Bustamante RO, Cattan PE, Gorla DE, Botto-Mahan C. Potential impact of climate change on the geographical distribution of two wild vectors of Chagas disease in Chile: Mepraia spinolai and Mepraia gajardoi. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:478. [PMID: 31610815 PMCID: PMC6792221 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mepraia gajardoi and Mepraia spinolai are endemic triatomine vector species of Trypanosoma cruzi, a parasite that causes Chagas disease. These vectors inhabit arid, semiarid and Mediterranean areas of Chile. Mepraia gajardoi occurs from 18° to 25°S, and M. spinolai from 26° to 34°S. Even though both species are involved in T. cruzi transmission in the Pacific side of the Southern Cone of South America, no study has modelled their distributions at a regional scale. Therefore, the aim of this study is to estimate the potential geographical distribution of M. spinolai and M. gajardoi under current and future climate scenarios. Methods We used the Maxent algorithm to model the ecological niche of M. spinolai and M. gajardoi, estimating their potential distributions from current climate information and projecting their distributions to future climatic conditions under representative concentration pathways (RCP) 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5 scenarios. Future predictions of suitability were constructed considering both higher and lower public health risk situations. Results The current potential distributions of both species were broader than their known ranges. For both species, climate change projections for 2070 in RCP 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5 scenarios showed different results depending on the methodology used. The higher risk situation showed new suitable areas, but the lower risk situation modelled a net reduction in the future potential distribution areas of M. spinolai and M. gajardoi. Conclusions The suitable areas for both species may be greater than currently known, generating new challenges in terms of vector control and prevention. Under future climate conditions, these species could modify their potential geographical range. Preventive measures to avoid accidental human vectorial transmission by wild vectors of T. cruzi become critical considering the uncertainty of future suitable areas projected in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Garrido
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Biología y Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Antonella Bacigalupo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 2, Correo 15, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Peña-Gómez
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ramiro O Bustamante
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro E Cattan
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 2, Correo 15, Santiago, Chile
| | - David E Gorla
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carezza Botto-Mahan
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
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Occurrence of domestic and intrusive triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in sylvatic habitats of the temperate Monte Desert ecoregion of Argentina. Acta Trop 2019; 196:37-41. [PMID: 31042457 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The eco-epidemiology of Triatominae and Trypanosoma cruzi transmission has been little studied in the Argentinean Monte ecoregion. Herein, we provide a comprehensive description of domestic and intrusive triatomines to evaluate the risk of reinfestation of rural dwellings. Triatoma infestans, T. patagonica, T. garciabesi and T. eratyrusiformis were collected by active searches or light traps. None were infected with T. cruzi. One T. infestans male was collected at 1.3 km from the nearest infested house. The finding of intrusive and domestic triatomines in sylvatic foci emphasizes the need of implementing an effective vector surveillance system.
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Bilheiro AB, da Rosa JA, de Oliveira J, Belintani T, Fontes G, Medeiros JF, Júnior AMP, Meneguetti DUDO, Camargo LMA. Biological Aspects of Rhodnius montenegrensis (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) Under Laboratory Conditions. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2019; 19:929-932. [PMID: 31355715 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2019.2449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triatominae are insects notorious as vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, which is the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, and other trypanosomatids. Triatomines of the genus Rhodnius are primarily sylvatic, nevertheless the occurrence of native species that invade households suggests their possible role in the transmission of Chagas disease. Rhodnius montenegrensis was first described in 2012, but the biological aspects of this species are still unknown. This study aimed to analyze the biological aspects of R. montenegrensis under laboratory conditions. The emergence rate was 63.0%, the mean time required for the emergence was 13.9 ± 1.7 days, the biological cycle from egg to adult phase occurred in 105.2 ± 9.2 days, the number of bloodmeals required for each nymphal stage to reach the next stage varies between a minimum of two and a maximum of seven. The weight gained after a bloodmeal varied between 10.6 times on 1st-instar nymphs and 3.9 times on 5th-instar nymphs. The adult specimens had the lowest gain of weight, reaching 2.2 times on females and 1.6 times on males. The sex ratio observed was 1:1. These data are relevant to understand the life cycle of this new described species and to elaborate more effective vector control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Benatti Bilheiro
- Campus Centro-Oeste, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Aristeu da Rosa
- Instituto de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jader de Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Belintani
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fontes
- Campus Centro-Oeste, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental (INCT-EPIAMO), Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Jansen Fernandes Medeiros
- Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental (INCT-EPIAMO), Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luís Marcelo Aranha Camargo
- Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental (INCT-EPIAMO), Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas 5, Universidade de São Paulo (ICB-5, USP), Monte Negro, Rondônia, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical de Rondônia (CEPEM)/Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina, Centro Universitário São Lucas, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
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20
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Ihle-Soto C, Costoya E, Correa JP, Bacigalupo A, Cornejo-Villar B, Estadella V, Solari A, Ortiz S, Hernández HJ, Botto-Mahan C, Gorla DE, Cattan PE. Spatio-temporal characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi infection and discrete typing units infecting hosts and vectors from non-domestic foci of Chile. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007170. [PMID: 30768613 PMCID: PMC6395009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite that is transmitted by triatomine vectors to mammals. It is classified in six discrete typing units (DTUs). In Chile, domestic vectorial transmission has been interrupted; however, the parasite is maintained in non-domestic foci. The aim of this study was to describe T. cruzi infection and DTU composition in mammals and triatomines from several non-domestic populations of North-Central Chile and to evaluate their spatio-temporal variations. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A total of 710 small mammals and 1140 triatomines captured in six localities during two study periods (summer/winter) of the same year were analyzed by conventional PCR to detect kDNA of T. cruzi. Positive samples were DNA blotted and hybridized with specific probes for detection of DTUs TcI, TcII, TcV, and TcVI. Infection status was modeled, and cluster analysis was performed in each locality. We detected 30.1% of overall infection in small mammals and 34.1% in triatomines, with higher rates in synanthropic mammals and in M. spinolai. We identified infecting DTUs in 45 mammals and 110 triatomines, present more commonly as single infections; the most frequent DTU detected was TcI. Differences in infection rates among species, localities and study periods were detected in small mammals, and between triatomine species; temporally, infection presented opposite patterns between mammals and triatomines. Infection clustering was frequent in vectors, and one locality exhibited half of the 21 clusters found. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We determined T. cruzi infection in natural host and vector populations simultaneously in a spatially widespread manner during two study periods. All captured species presented T. cruzi infection, showing spatial and temporal variations. Trypanosoma cruzi distribution can be clustered in space and time. These clusters may represent different spatial and temporal risks of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Ihle-Soto
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Eduardo Costoya
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Juana P. Correa
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Antonella Bacigalupo
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Berenice Cornejo-Villar
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Viviana Estadella
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Aldo Solari
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Sylvia Ortiz
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Héctor J. Hernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y de la Conservación de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Carezza Botto-Mahan
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - David E. Gorla
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pedro E. Cattan
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
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21
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Huyvaert KP, Russell RE, Patyk KA, Craft ME, Cross PC, Garner MG, Martin MK, Nol P, Walsh DP. Challenges and Opportunities Developing Mathematical Models of Shared Pathogens of Domestic and Wild Animals. Vet Sci 2018; 5:E92. [PMID: 30380736 PMCID: PMC6313884 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci5040092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases that affect both wild and domestic animals can be particularly difficult to prevent, predict, mitigate, and control. Such multi-host diseases can have devastating economic impacts on domestic animal producers and can present significant challenges to wildlife populations, particularly for populations of conservation concern. Few mathematical models exist that capture the complexities of these multi-host pathogens, yet the development of such models would allow us to estimate and compare the potential effectiveness of management actions for mitigating or suppressing disease in wildlife and/or livestock host populations. We conducted a workshop in March 2014 to identify the challenges associated with developing models of pathogen transmission across the wildlife-livestock interface. The development of mathematical models of pathogen transmission at this interface is hampered by the difficulties associated with describing the host-pathogen systems, including: (1) the identity of wildlife hosts, their distributions, and movement patterns; (2) the pathogen transmission pathways between wildlife and domestic animals; (3) the effects of the disease and concomitant mitigation efforts on wild and domestic animal populations; and (4) barriers to communication between sectors. To promote the development of mathematical models of transmission at this interface, we recommend further integration of modern quantitative techniques and improvement of communication among wildlife biologists, mathematical modelers, veterinary medicine professionals, producers, and other stakeholders concerned with the consequences of pathogen transmission at this important, yet poorly understood, interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn P Huyvaert
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Robin E Russell
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, WI 53711, USA.
| | - Kelly A Patyk
- Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA.
| | - Meggan E Craft
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| | - Paul C Cross
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA.
| | - M Graeme Garner
- European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease-Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 00153 Roma RM, Italy.
| | - Michael K Martin
- Livestock Poultry Health Division, Clemson University, Columbia, SC 29224, USA.
| | - Pauline Nol
- Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA.
| | - Daniel P Walsh
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, WI 53711, USA.
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May-Concha I, Guerenstein P, Malo E, Catalá S, Rojas J. Electroantennogram responses of the Triatoma dimidiata complex to volatiles produced by its exocrine glands. Acta Trop 2018; 185:336-343. [PMID: 29932928 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Triatoma dimidiata complex are vectors of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. Morphological and genetic studies indicate that T. dimidiata complex has three principal haplogroups in Mexico. However, whether there are differences in the olfactory physiology among the haplogroups of this complex and a possible correlation with their antennal phenotype are not yet known. Antennal responses to 13 compounds released from the metasternal and Brindley´s glands, which are involved in the alarm and mating-related behaviours of T. dimidiata were investigated using electroantennography (EAG). Overall, of the 13 compounds tested, seven triggered EAG responses in both sexes of three Mexican haplogroups. The sensitivity of the EAG responses show some relationship with the total number of chemo-sensilla present on the antennae. Antennal sensitivity was different between sexes and haplogroups of the T. dimidiata complex. Discriminant analysis of EAG sensitivity was significant, separating the three haplogroups. Our finding is consistent with morphological and genetic evidence for haplogroups distinction within the complex.
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23
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Peretolchina T, Pavan MG, Corrêa-Antônio J, Gurgel-Gonçalves R, Lima MM, Monteiro FA. Phylogeography and demographic history of the Chagas disease vector Rhodnius nasutus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in the Brazilian Caatinga biome. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006731. [PMID: 30248092 PMCID: PMC6195287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhodnius nasutus, a vector of the etiological agent Trypanosoma cruzi, is one of the epidemiologically most relevant triatomine species of the Brazilian Caatinga, where it often colonizes rural peridomestic structures such as chicken coops and occasionally invades houses. Historical colonization and determination of its genetic diversity and population structure may provide new information towards the improvement of vector control in the region. In this paper we present thoughtful analyses considering the phylogeography and demographic history of R. nasutus in the Caatinga. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A total of 157 R. nasutus specimens were collected from Copernicia prunifera palm trees in eight geographic localities within the Brazilian Caatinga biome, sequenced for 595-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cyt b) and genotyped for eight microsatellite loci. Sixteen haplotypes were detected in the cyt b sequences, two of which were shared among different localities. Molecular diversity indices exhibited low diversity levels and a haplotype network revealed low divergence among R. nasutus sequences, with two central haplotypes shared by five of the eight populations analyzed. The demographic model that better represented R. nasutus population dynamics was the exponential growth model. Results of the microsatellite data analyses indicated that the entire population is comprised of four highly differentiated groups, with no obvious contemporary geographic barriers that could explain the population substructure detected. A complex pattern of migration was observed, in which a western Caatinga population seems to be the source of emigrants to the eastern populations. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE R. nasutus that inhabit C. prunifera palms do not comprise a species complex. The species went through a population expansion at 12-10 ka, during the Holocene, which coincides with end of the largest dry season in South America. It colonized the Caatinga in a process that occurred from west to east in the region. R. nasutus is presently facing an important ecological impact caused by the continuous deforestation of C. prunifera palms in northeast Brazil. We hypothesize that this ecological disturbance might contribute to an increase in the events of invasion and colonization of human habitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Peretolchina
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Systematics, Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Márcio G. Pavan
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jessica Corrêa-Antônio
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Marli M. Lima
- Laboratório de Ecoepidemiologia da doença de Chagas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando A. Monteiro
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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24
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Bilheiro AB, da Rosa JA, de Oliveira J, Belintani T, Fontes G, Medeiros JF, Meneguetti DUDO, Camargo LMA. First Report of Natural Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi in Rhodnius montenegrensis (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) in Western Amazon, Brazil. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2018; 18:605-610. [PMID: 30016209 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodnius montenegrensis was described in 2012. Since then, reports of the occurrence of this species associated with palm trees near households in Rondônia have been published. This study aimed to analyze the natural infection of R. montenegrensis with trypanosomatids in the municipality of Monte Negro, Rondônia, Brazilian western Amazon. Capture of triatomines occurred in Attalea speciosa (babassu) specimens around households. Twelve of the 72 captured triatomines were identified by morphological and morphometric characters, by molecular analysis made using the PCR, DNA sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. The intestinal content was collected from 60 of these 72 specimens. The positivity for trypanosomatids was confirmed by examining the intestinal content followed by PCR amplification of the cathepsin L-like gene specific for Trypanosoma cruzi (PCR-DTcrCatL) and Trypanosoma rangeli (PCR-DTraCatL). Of the 60 specimens analyzed by microscopy, 22 (36.7%) were positive for trypanosomatids in the intestinal content analysis. Of these 22 specimens of R. montenegrensis, 16 (72.7%) were infected with T. cruzi, 2 (9.1%) were infected with T. rangeli, 2 (9.1%) had mixed infection with T. cruzi and T. rangeli, and 2 were negative (9.1%). These data suggest the need for attention of the health surveillance system of Chagas disease in the State of Rondônia, as this study points out to another potential vector of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Aristeu da Rosa
- 2 Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita (UNESP) , Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Jader de Oliveira
- 2 Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita (UNESP) , Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Tiago Belintani
- 2 Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita (UNESP) , Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fontes
- 1 Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ) , Campus Centro Oeste, Divinópolis, Brazil .,3 Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental INCT-EPIAMO , Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Jansen Fernandes Medeiros
- 3 Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental INCT-EPIAMO , Porto Velho, Brazil .,4 Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz Rondônia , Porto Velho, Brazil
| | | | - Luís Marcelo Aranha Camargo
- 3 Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental INCT-EPIAMO , Porto Velho, Brazil .,4 Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz Rondônia , Porto Velho, Brazil .,5 Universidade Federal do Acre , Rio Branco, Colégio de Aplicação, Rio Branco, Brazil .,6 Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas V , Universidade de São Paulo (ICB-5, USP), Monte Negro, Brazil .,7 Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical de Rondônia (CEPEM)/Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Rondônia , Porto Velho, Brazil .,8 Departamento de Medicina, Centro Universitário São Lucas , Porto Velho, Brazil
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25
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Rodríguez IG, Saldaña A, González K, Pineda V, Perea M, Santamaría AM, de Junca CC, Chaves LF, Calzada JE. Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Rhodnius pallescens (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) Infesting Coyol Palms in the Dry Arch of Panamá. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 55:691-700. [PMID: 29425363 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ecoepidemiological scenarios for Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas transmission are partially shaped by kissing bug vector ecology. The presence of Attalea butyracea Kunth, the 'royal palm', is a major risk factor for Chagas disease transmission in Panamá given their frequent infestations by Rhodnius pallescens Barber, a major neotropical T. cruzi vector. It was assumed that in Panamá this relationship was very close and unique, limiting the niche of R. pallescens to that of Att. butyracea. However, here we present observations about T. cruzi-infected R. pallescens infesting coyol palms, Acrocomia aculeata Jacquin, in Pedasí district, Los Santos Province, Panamá. Between May 2015 and August 2016, we sampled kissing bugs from 83 coyol palms using mice-baited traps placed at the crown of each palm during the dry and wet season. We collected 62 R. pallescens and one Eratyrus cuspidatus Stål kissing bugs. Using logistic regression, we found that the probability of kissing bug infestation in coyol palms increased during the rainy season, with infructescence number and palm height. We examined adult R. pallescens bugs (n = 30) and found T. cruzi in 67% of the samples. We were able to isolate and characterize T. cruzi from parasites present in the feces from R. pallescens, all parasites belonging to the TC I lineage. We found that green fronds number and house proximity increased T. cruzi infection probability in kissing bugs collected in coyol palms. These results highlight coyol palms as a potential risk factor for Chagas disease transmission in the dry arch of Panamá.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra G Rodríguez
- Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Azael Saldaña
- Departamento de Investigación en Parasitología, Instituto Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Ciudad de Panamá, República de Panamá
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Parasitarias (CIDEP), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Kadir González
- Departamento de Investigación en Parasitología, Instituto Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Ciudad de Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Vanessa Pineda
- Departamento de Investigación en Parasitología, Instituto Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Ciudad de Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Milixa Perea
- Departamento de Investigación en Parasitología, Instituto Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Ciudad de Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Ana M Santamaría
- Departamento de Investigación en Parasitología, Instituto Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Ciudad de Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Carmen C de Junca
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Parasitarias (CIDEP), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Luis F Chaves
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - José E Calzada
- Departamento de Investigación en Parasitología, Instituto Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Ciudad de Panamá, República de Panamá
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Rodríguez-Planes LI, Gaspe MS, Enriquez GF, Gürtler RE. Habitat-Specific Occupancy and a Metapopulation Model of Triatoma sordida (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), a Secondary Vector of Chagas Disease, in Northeastern Argentina. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 55:370-381. [PMID: 29272421 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Triatoma sordida Stål (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), a secondary vector of Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), occasionally colonizes human sleeping quarters in Paraguay, Bolivia, and Brazil, whereas only sylvatic and peridomestic populations are found in Argentina. We carried out a cross-sectional survey of house infestation in a well-defined rural area of northeastern Argentina to identify the key habitats of T. sordida; describe its spatial distribution in an apparently undisturbed setting under no recent insecticide treatment and use metapopulation theory to investigate these spatially structured populations. Timed-manual searches in 2,177 georeferenced sites from 368 houses yielded T. sordida in 78 sites (house infestation prevalence, 19.9%). Most triatomines occurred in chicken nests, chicken coops, and trees where chickens roosted (prime habitats). Goat or sheep corrals and pig corrals had a lower fraction of occupied sites (occupancies) and abundance. Both occupancy and catch increased with increasing refuge availability according to multimodel inference with model averaging. The majority of suitable habitats were unoccupied despite their proximity to occupied sites. The site-specific occurrence of T. sordida and Triatoma infestans Klug (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) was positively and homogeneously associated over ecotopes, showing no evidence of interspecific interference. An incidence function metapopulation model (including intersite distances and vector carrying capacity) predicted a fivefold greater occupancy relative to the observed pattern, suggesting the latter represented a transient state. T. sordida failed to colonize human sleeping quarters, thrived in peridomestic habitats occupied by chickens, and had a limited occupancy likely related to a poor colonizing ability and the relative instability of its prime habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía I Rodríguez-Planes
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Argentina
| | - M Sol Gaspe
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Argentina
| | - Gustavo F Enriquez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Argentina
| | - Ricardo E Gürtler
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Argentina
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Oduro B, Grijalva MJ, Just W. Models of Disease Vector Control: When Can Aggressive Initial Intervention Lower Long-Term Cost? Bull Math Biol 2018; 80:788-824. [PMID: 29404878 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-018-0401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Insecticide spraying of housing units is an important control measure for vector-borne infections such as Chagas disease. As vectors may invade both from other infested houses and sylvatic areas and as the effectiveness of insecticide wears off over time, the dynamics of (re)infestations can be approximated by [Formula: see text]-type models with a reservoir, where housing units are treated as hosts, and insecticide spraying corresponds to removal of hosts. Here, we investigate three ODE-based models of this type. We describe a dual-rate effect where an initially very high spraying rate can push the system into a region of the state space with low endemic levels of infestation that can be maintained in the long run at relatively moderate cost, while in the absence of an aggressive initial intervention the same average cost would only allow a much less significant reduction in long-term infestation levels. We determine some sufficient and some necessary conditions under which this effect occurs and show that it is robust in models that incorporate some heterogeneity in the relevant properties of housing units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bismark Oduro
- Department of Mathematics, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
| | - Mario J Grijalva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Disease Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.,Center for Health Research in Latin America, School of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Winfried Just
- Department of Mathematics, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
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Minuzzi-Souza TTC, Nitz N, Cuba CAC, Hagström L, Hecht MM, Santana C, Ribeiro M, Vital TE, Santalucia M, Knox M, Obara MT, Abad-Franch F, Gurgel-Gonçalves R. Surveillance of vector-borne pathogens under imperfect detection: lessons from Chagas disease risk (mis)measurement. Sci Rep 2018; 8:151. [PMID: 29317702 PMCID: PMC5760667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne pathogens threaten human health worldwide. Despite their critical role in disease prevention, routine surveillance systems often rely on low-complexity pathogen detection tests of uncertain accuracy. In Chagas disease surveillance, optical microscopy (OM) is routinely used for detecting Trypanosoma cruzi in its vectors. Here, we use replicate T. cruzi detection data and hierarchical site-occupancy models to assess the reliability of OM-based T. cruzi surveillance while explicitly accounting for false-negative and false-positive results. We investigated 841 triatomines with OM slides (1194 fresh, 1192 Giemsa-stained) plus conventional (cPCR, 841 assays) and quantitative PCR (qPCR, 1682 assays). Detections were considered unambiguous only when parasitologists unmistakably identified T. cruzi in Giemsa-stained slides. qPCR was >99% sensitive and specific, whereas cPCR was ~100% specific but only ~55% sensitive. In routine surveillance, examination of a single OM slide per vector missed ~50–75% of infections and wrongly scored as infected ~7% of the bugs. qPCR-based and model-based infection frequency estimates were nearly three times higher, on average, than OM-based indices. We conclude that the risk of vector-borne Chagas disease may be substantially higher than routine surveillance data suggest. The hierarchical modelling approach we illustrate can help enhance vector-borne disease surveillance systems when pathogen detection is imperfect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Tâmara Castro Minuzzi-Souza
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 72910-900, Brazil
| | - Nadjar Nitz
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Biociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 72910-900, Brazil
| | - César Augusto Cuba Cuba
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 72910-900, Brazil
| | - Luciana Hagström
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Biociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 72910-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Machado Hecht
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Biociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 72910-900, Brazil
| | - Camila Santana
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Biociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 72910-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelle Ribeiro
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Biociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 72910-900, Brazil
| | - Tamires Emanuele Vital
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Biociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 72910-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Santalucia
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Goiás, Goiânia, 74853-120, Brazil
| | - Monique Knox
- Diretoria de Vigilância Ambiental, Secretaria de Saúde do Distrito Federal, Brasília, 70086-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Takashi Obara
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 72910-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Abad-Franch
- Grupo Triatomíneos, Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, 30190-009, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 72910-900, Brazil.
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Brito RN, Gorla DE, Diotaiuti L, Gomes ACF, Souza RCM, Abad-Franch F. Drivers of house invasion by sylvatic Chagas disease vectors in the Amazon-Cerrado transition: A multi-year, state-wide assessment of municipality-aggregated surveillance data. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0006035. [PMID: 29145405 PMCID: PMC5689836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insecticide spraying efficiently controls house infestation by triatomine bugs, the vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi. The strategy, however, is ineffective against sylvatic triatomines, which can transmit Chagas disease by invading (without colonizing) man-made structures. Despite growing awareness of the relevance of these transmission dynamics, the drivers of house invasion by sylvatic triatomines remain poorly understood. Methods/Findings About 12,000 sylvatic triatomines were caught during routine surveillance in houses of Tocantins state, Brazil, in 2005–2013. Using negative binomial regression, information-theoretic model evaluation/averaging, and external model validation, we investigated the effects of regional (Amazon/Cerrado), landscape (preservation/disturbance), and climate covariates (temperature, rainfall) on the municipality-aggregated numbers of house-invading Rhodnius pictipes, R. robustus, R. neglectus, and Panstrongylus geniculatus. House invasion by R. pictipes and R. robustus was overall more frequent in the Amazon biome, tended to increase in municipalities with more well-preserved land, and decreased in rainier municipalities. Across species, invasion decreased with higher landscape-disturbance levels and in hotter-day municipalities. Invasion by R. neglectus and P. geniculatus increased somewhat with more land at intermediate disturbance and peaked in average-rainfall municipalities. Temperature effects were more pronounced on P. geniculatus than on Rhodnius spp. Conclusions We report widespread, frequent house invasion by sylvatic triatomines in the Amazon–Cerrado transition. Our analyses indicate that readily available environmental metrics may help predict the risk of contact between sylvatic triatomines and humans at coarse geographic scales, and hint at specific hypotheses about climate and deforestation effects on those vectors–with some taxon-specific responses and some seemingly general trends. Thus, our focal species appear to be quite sensitive to higher temperatures, and might be less common in more heavily-disturbed than in better-preserved environments. This study illustrates, in sum, how entomological routine-surveillance data can be efficiently used for Chagas disease risk prediction and stratification when house-colonizing vectors are absent. Triatomine bugs are the vectors of Chagas disease, still a key public health concern in the Americas. Insecticide spraying efficiently controls house infestation by triatomines, but is useless against sylvatic bugs–which can transmit the disease by simply invading human residences. Although this behavior is common, the drivers of house invasion by wild triatomines remain poorly understood. Using municipality-aggregated data from routine surveillance, we investigated whether and how some major environmental factors affect house invasion by four triatomine species across the transition between Amazon rainforests and Cerrado savannahs in Brazil. We found that house invasion (i) is widespread, (ii) varies by region for some species, (iii) is overall less frequent in areas with higher levels of landscape disturbance, and (iv) is less common in hotter and in rainier sites. Although the effects of landscape disturbance and climate differed somewhat among bug species, the general approach we describe here may help advance Chagas disease risk assessment when house-colonizing vectors are absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raíssa N. Brito
- Grupo Triatomíneos, Instituto René Rachou–Fiocruz Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - David E. Gorla
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología Espacial de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores, Instituto de Altos Estudios Espaciales Mario Gulich–CONAE / Universidad Nacional de Córdoba–CONICET, Falda del Cañete, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Liléia Diotaiuti
- Grupo Triatomíneos, Instituto René Rachou–Fiocruz Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anália C. F. Gomes
- Coordenação de Vigilância de Doenças Vetoriais e Zoonoses, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Tocantins, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Rita C. M. Souza
- Grupo Triatomíneos, Instituto René Rachou–Fiocruz Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando Abad-Franch
- Grupo Triatomíneos, Instituto René Rachou–Fiocruz Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail: ,
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Montenegro D, Cunha APD, Ladeia-Andrade S, Vera M, Pedroso M, Junqueira A. Multi-criteria decision analysis and spatial statistic: an approach to determining human vulnerability to vector transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 112:709-718. [PMID: 28953999 PMCID: PMC5607520 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease (CD), caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a neglected human disease. It is endemic to the Americas and is estimated to have an economic impact, including lost productivity and disability, of 7 billion dollars per year on average. OBJECTIVES To assess vulnerability to vector-borne transmission of T. cruzi in domiciliary environments within an area undergoing domiciliary vector interruption of T. cruzi in Colombia. METHODS Multi-criteria decision analysis [preference ranking method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE) and geometrical analysis for interactive assistance (GAIA) methods] and spatial statistics were performed on data from a socio-environmental questionnaire and an entomological survey. In the construction of multi-criteria descriptors, decision-making processes and indicators of five determinants of the CD vector pathway were summarily defined, including: (1) house indicator (HI); (2) triatominae indicator (TI); (3) host/reservoir indicator (Ho/RoI); (4) ecotope indicator (EI); and (5) socio-cultural indicator (S-CI). FINDINGS Determination of vulnerability to CD is mostly influenced by TI, with 44.96% of the total weight in the model, while the lowest contribution was from S-CI, with 7.15%. The five indicators comprise 17 indices, and include 78 of the original 104 priority criteria and variables. The PROMETHEE and GAIA methods proved very efficient for prioritisation and quantitative categorisation of socio-environmental determinants and for better determining which criteria should be considered for interrupting the man-T. cruzi-vector relationship in endemic areas of the Americas. Through the analysis of spatial autocorrelation it is clear that there is a spatial dependence in establishing categories of vulnerability, therefore, the effect of neighbors’ setting (border areas) on local values should be incorporated into disease management for establishing programs of surveillance and control of CD via vector. CONCLUSIONS The study model proposed here is flexible and can be adapted to various eco-epidemiological profiles and is suitable for focusing anti-T. cruzi serological surveillance programs in vulnerable human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Montenegro
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Fundación Chilloa, Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - Ana Paula da Cunha
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnologia em Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Simone Ladeia-Andrade
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Mauricio Vera
- Ministerio de Salud y de la Protección Social, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Marcel Pedroso
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnologia em Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Angela Junqueira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Ecology of Trypanosoma cruzi I genotypes across Rhodnius prolixus captured in Attalea butyracea palms. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 49:146-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Brenière SF, Condori EW, Buitrago R, Sosa LF, Macedo CL, Barnabé C. Molecular identification of wild triatomines of the genus Rhodnius in the Bolivian Amazon: Strategy and current difficulties. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 51:1-9. [PMID: 28274885 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The Amazon region has recently been considered as endemic in Latin America. In Bolivia, the vast Amazon region is undergoing considerable human migrations and substantial anthropization of the environment, potentially renewing the danger of establishing the transmission of Chagas disease. The cases of human oral contamination occurring in 2010 in the town of Guayaramerín provided reasons to intensify research. As a result, the goal of this study was to characterize the species of sylvatic triatomines circulating in the surroundings of Yucumo (Beni, Bolivia), a small Amazonian city at the foot of the Andes between the capital (La Paz) and Trinidad the largest city of Beni. The triatomine captures were performed with mice-baited adhesive traps mostly settled in palm trees in forest fragments and pastures. Species were identified by morphological observation, dissection of genitalia, and sequencing of three mitochondrial gene fragments and one nuclear fragment. Molecular analysis was based on (i) the identity score of the haplotypes with GenBank sequences through the BLAST algorithm and (ii) construction of phylogenetic trees. Thirty-four triatomines, all belonging to the Rhodnius genus, of which two were adult males, were captured in palm trees in forest fragments and pastures (overall infestation rate, 12.3%). The morphology of the phallic structures in the two males confirmed the R. stali species. For the other specimens, after molecular sequencing, only one specimen was identified with confidence as belonging to Rhodnius robustus, the others belonged to one of the species of the Rhodnius pictipes complex, probably Rhodnius stali. The two species, R. robustus and R. stali, had previously been reported in the Alto Beni region (edge of the Amazon region), but not yet in the Beni department situated in the Amazon region. Furthermore, the difficulties of molecular characterization of closely related species within the three complexes of the genus Rhodnius are highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Frédérique Brenière
- INTERTRYP, CIRAD, IRD, TA A-17/G, International Campus in Baillarguet, Montpellier, France; Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina (CISeAL), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Campus Nayon, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Edwin Wily Condori
- Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Bioquímicas, Av. Saavedra N° 2224, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Rosio Buitrago
- INTERTRYP, CIRAD, IRD, TA A-17/G, International Campus in Baillarguet, Montpellier, France
| | - Luis Fernando Sosa
- Instituto de Servicios de Laboratorios de Diagnostico e Investigación en Salud (SELADIS), UMSA, Av. Saavedra N° 2224, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Catarina Lopes Macedo
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera (LIVEDIH), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro CEP: 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Christian Barnabé
- INTERTRYP, CIRAD, IRD, TA A-17/G, International Campus in Baillarguet, Montpellier, France
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Dias JCP, Ramos Jr. AN, Gontijo ED, Luquetti A, Shikanai-Yasuda MA, Coura JR, Torres RM, Melo JRDC, Almeida EAD, Oliveira Jr. WD, Silveira AC, Rezende JMD, Pinto FS, Ferreira AW, Rassi A, Fragata Filho AA, Sousa ASD, Correia D, Jansen AM, Andrade GMQ, Britto CFDPDC, Pinto AYDN, Rassi Jr. A, Campos DE, Abad-Franch F, Santos SE, Chiari E, Hasslocher-Moreno AM, Moreira EF, Marques DSDO, Silva EL, Marin-Neto JA, Galvão LMDC, Xavier SS, Valente SADS, Carvalho NB, Cardoso AV, Silva RAE, Costa VMD, Vivaldini SM, Oliveira SM, Valente VDC, Lima MM, Alves RV. 2 nd Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease, 2015. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2016; 49Suppl 1:3-60. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0505-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Bahia M, de Nazaré Leite Barros F, Magalhães-Matos PC, de Souza Gonçalves T, Chiesorin Neto L, Oliveira Faria DCL, Aparecida Romeiro S, Barros Monteiro FO, Góes-Cavalcante G, Scofield A. Trypanosoma cruziinfection in captive Neotropical primates in the Brazilian Amazon. Am J Primatol 2016; 79:1-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Bahia
- Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Instituto de Medicina Veterinária; Laboratório de Parasitologia Animal; Castanhal Pará Brazil
| | - Flávia de Nazaré Leite Barros
- Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Instituto de Medicina Veterinária; Laboratório de Parasitologia Animal; Castanhal Pará Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar Magalhães-Matos
- Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Instituto de Medicina Veterinária; Laboratório de Parasitologia Animal; Castanhal Pará Brazil
| | - Thamirys de Souza Gonçalves
- Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Instituto de Medicina Veterinária; Laboratório de Parasitologia Animal; Castanhal Pará Brazil
| | - Laerzio Chiesorin Neto
- Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres Municipal Refúgio da Vida Silvestre Sauim Castanheiras; Manaus Amazonas Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Aparecida Romeiro
- Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA); Macapá Amapá Brazil
| | - Frederico Ozanan Barros Monteiro
- Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA); Macapá Amapá Brazil
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA); Instituto de Saúde e Produção Animal; Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Gustavo Góes-Cavalcante
- Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Instituto de Medicina Veterinária; Laboratório de Parasitologia Animal; Castanhal Pará Brazil
| | - Alessandra Scofield
- Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Instituto de Medicina Veterinária; Laboratório de Parasitologia Animal; Castanhal Pará Brazil
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Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli co-infection patterns in insect vectors vary across habitat types in a fragmented forest landscape. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1017/pao.2016.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYThe transmission of parasites can be influenced by their co-occurrence with other parasites, in some cases increasing or reducing transmission.Trypanosoma cruzi, aetiologic agent of Chagas disease, often co-occurs withTrypanosoma rangeli, a parasite not pathogenic for mammal hosts. Both parasites can reduce the fitness of their insect vectors (the triatomine bugs; Hemiptera: Reduviidae), withT. rangelibeing more pathogenic for some species. Here, we study the prevalence ofT. cruziandT. rangeliin the triatomineRhodnius pallescensacross a heterogeneously transformed landscape in Panamá. We found that singleT. rangeliinfections were more common in contiguously forested habitats, while singleT. cruziinfections predominated in anthropogenically disturbed habitats.Trypanosoma cruzi–T. rangelico-infections were more common in contiguous forests and in peridomiciliary areas. Furthermore, adult insects were more likely to be co-infected than nymphs. Our results suggest that human-mediated landscape transformation might have increased the predominance of single infections withT. cruziwithin vectors. An important mechanism driving changes in trypanosome infection patterns in triatomines at a landscape scale includes alterations in host species composition that may vary with different degrees of deforestation. Trypanosome co-infection may also confer a survival advantage forR. pallescensto and/or throughout adulthood.
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Walter KS, Pepin KM, Webb CT, Gaff HD, Krause PJ, Pitzer VE, Diuk-Wasser MA. Invasion of two tick-borne diseases across New England: harnessing human surveillance data to capture underlying ecological invasion processes. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:20160834. [PMID: 27252022 PMCID: PMC4920326 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.0834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Modelling the spatial spread of vector-borne zoonotic pathogens maintained in enzootic transmission cycles remains a major challenge. The best available spatio-temporal data on pathogen spread often take the form of human disease surveillance data. By applying a classic ecological approach-occupancy modelling-to an epidemiological question of disease spread, we used surveillance data to examine the latent ecological invasion of tick-borne pathogens. Over the last half-century, previously undescribed tick-borne pathogens including the agents of Lyme disease and human babesiosis have rapidly spread across the northeast United States. Despite their epidemiological importance, the mechanisms of tick-borne pathogen invasion and drivers underlying the distinct invasion trajectories of the co-vectored pathogens remain unresolved. Our approach allowed us to estimate the unobserved ecological processes underlying pathogen spread while accounting for imperfect detection of human cases. Our model predicts that tick-borne diseases spread in a diffusion-like manner with occasional long-distance dispersal and that babesiosis spread exhibits strong dependence on Lyme disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine S Walter
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Kim M Pepin
- United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Colleen T Webb
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Holly D Gaff
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, 302a Mills Godwin Building, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Peter J Krause
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Virginia E Pitzer
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria A Diuk-Wasser
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Antennal phenotype of Mexican haplogroups of the Triatoma dimidiata complex, vectors of Chagas disease. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 40:73-79. [PMID: 26921798 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille) is a species complex that spans North, Central, and South America and which is a key vector of all known discrete typing units (DTU) of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. Morphological and genetic studies indicate that T. dimidiata is a species complex with three principal haplogroups (hg) in Mexico. Different markers and traits are still inconclusive regarding if other morphological differentiation may indicate probable behavioral and vectorial divergences within this complex. In this paper we compared the antennae of three Mexican haplogroups (previously verified by molecular markers ND4 and ITS-2) and discussed possible relationships with their capacity to disperse and colonized new habitats. The abundance of each type of sensillum (bristles, basiconics, thick- and thin-walled trichoids) on the antennae of the three haplogroups, were measured under light microscopy and compared using Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric and multivariate non-parametric analyses. Discriminant analyses indicate significant differences among the antennal phenotype of haplogroups either for adults and some nymphal stages, indicating consistency of the character to analyze intraspecific variability within the complex. The present study shows that the adult antennal pedicel of the T. dimidiata complex have abundant chemosensory sensilla, according with good capacity for dispersal and invasion of different habitats also related to their high capacity to adapt to conserved as well as modified habitats. However, the numerical differences among the haplogroups are suggesting variations in that capacity. The results here presented support the evidence of T. dimidiata as a species complex but show females and males in a different way. Given the close link between the bug's sensory system and its habitat and host-seeking behavior, AP characterization could be useful to complement genetic, neurological and ethological studies of the closely related Dimidiata Complex haplogroups for a better knowledge of their vectorial capacity and a more robust species differentiation.
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Rodríguez-Planes LI, Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Cecere MC, Canale DM, Gürtler RE. Selective Insecticide Applications Directed Against Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) Affected a Nontarget Secondary Vector of Chagas Disease, Triatoma garciabesi. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 53:144-151. [PMID: 26490000 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjv167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The control of nondomiciliated triatomine species adapted to peridomestic habitats represents a challenge because they are connected to sylvatic colonies, and pyrethroid insecticides have limited effects outdoors. The effects of residual insecticide spraying have rarely been assessed on secondary triatomines. Triatoma garciabesi (Carcavallo, Martinez, Cichero, Prosen & Ronderos, 1967) is a nontarget vector that inhabits the dry western Chaco region, and a member of the Triatoma sordida Stål 1859 complex. Little is known on the capacity of T. garciabesi to invade and establish viable domestic or peridomestic colonies, and on its response to residual insecticide sprays directed against Triatoma infestans Klug 1834. The presence and abundance of triatomines were assessed by timed manual collections annually or biannually (spring and fall) during 10 yr after a community-wide insecticide spraying campaign and selective insecticide sprays directed against T. infestans in a rural village of northwestern Argentina. T. garciabesi mainly occupied peridomestic habitats associated with chickens, and was unable to colonize human sleeping quarters. Trees with chickens occurred in nearly all houses and were infested in >25% of the occasions. The abundance of bugs at house-compound level was best explained by a generalized estimating equation model that included selective insecticide sprays during the previous semester (negative effects), chicken abundance (positive effects), seasonality, and their interactions. Our results suggest that insecticide applications targeting T. infestans affected the abundance of T. garciabesi, and reduced the likelihood of future infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Rodríguez-Planes
- Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires-IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina (; ; ),
| | | | - M C Cecere
- Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires-IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina (; ; )
| | - D M Canale
- Coordinación Nacional de Control de Vectores, Córdoba, X5000 Argentina , and
| | - R E Gürtler
- Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires-IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina (; ; ),
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de Lima JS, Rocha FL, Alves FM, Lorosa ES, Jansen AM, de Miranda Mourão G. Infestation of arboreal nests of coatis by triatomine species, vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, in a large Neotropical wetland. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2015; 40:379-385. [PMID: 26611974 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The coati (Nasua nasua, Carnivora) is a medium-sized mammal common in the Pantanal of Brazil. Unlike most mammals, coatis construct arboreal nests used for resting and reproduction. In this region, the coati is an important host of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. There are two possible routes through coatis can be infected by T. cruzi: the oral route or the vectorial route. However, the relative importance of each of these routes in the infection of coatis and its role in the sylvatic cycle of the parasite are unknown. Our objectives were to investigate: (i) whether coati nests were infested by triatomine bugs, (ii) what species were frequent in the nests, (iii) whether the triatomines in nests were infected by T. cruzi, and (iv) what were the food resources of these triatomines. Eight of the 24 nests sampled were infested with triatomines, a total of 37 specimens of at least two species (Rhodnius stali and Triatoma sordida). In one nest, R. stali and T. sordida co-occurred and both fed on multiple resources, including coatis. This is the first report of triatomines occurring in arboreal nests of coatis. The co-occurrence of two different genera of triatomine vectors and coatis within the limited space of the coati nests provide multiple opportunities for the exchange of the protozoan parasite through both the vectorial and oral transmission routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Saab de Lima
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande - MS, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Lopes Rocha
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Monitoramento Ambiental -PPGEMA, Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Campus IV -Litoral Norte. Rua da Mangueira s/n. Centro. Rio Tinto, PB, 58.297-000, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ. Av. Brasil 4365. Pav. Rocha Lima 518, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Moreira Alves
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ. Av. Brasil 4365. Pav. Rocha Lima 518, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Elias Seixas Lorosa
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Departamento de Entomologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Jansen
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ. Av. Brasil 4365. Pav. Rocha Lima 518, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil
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Abad-Franch F, Lima MM, Sarquis O, Gurgel-Gonçalves R, Sánchez-Martín M, Calzada J, Saldaña A, Monteiro FA, Palomeque FS, Santos WS, Angulo VM, Esteban L, Dias FBS, Diotaiuti L, Bar ME, Gottdenker NL. On palms, bugs, and Chagas disease in the Americas. Acta Trop 2015. [PMID: 26196330 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Palms are ubiquitous across Neotropical landscapes, from pristine forests or savannahs to large cities. Although palms provide useful ecosystem services, they also offer suitable habitat for triatomines and for Trypanosoma cruzi mammalian hosts. Wild triatomines often invade houses by flying from nearby palms, potentially leading to new cases of human Chagas disease. Understanding and predicting triatomine-palm associations and palm infestation probabilities is important for enhancing Chagas disease prevention in areas where palm-associated vectors transmit T. cruzi. We present a comprehensive overview of palm infestation by triatomines in the Americas, combining a thorough reanalysis of our published and unpublished records with an in-depth review of the literature. We use site-occupancy modeling (SOM) to examine infestation in 3590 palms sampled with non-destructive methods, and standard statistics to describe and compare infestation in 2940 palms sampled by felling-and-dissection. Thirty-eight palm species (18 genera) have been reported to be infested by ∼39 triatomine species (10 genera) from the USA to Argentina. Overall infestation varied from 49.1-55.3% (SOM) to 62.6-66.1% (dissection), with important heterogeneities among sub-regions and particularly among palm species. Large palms with complex crowns (e.g., Attalea butyracea, Acrocomia aculeata) and some medium-crowned palms (e.g., Copernicia, Butia) are often infested; in slender, small-crowned palms (e.g., Euterpe) triatomines associate with vertebrate nests. Palm infestation tends to be higher in rural settings, but urban palms can also be infested. Most Rhodnius species are probably true palm specialists, whereas Psammolestes, Eratyrus, Cavernicola, Panstrongylus, Triatoma, Alberprosenia, and some Bolboderini seem to use palms opportunistically. Palms provide extensive habitat for enzootic T. cruzi cycles and a critical link between wild cycles and transmission to humans. Unless effective means to reduce contact between people and palm-living triatomines are devised, palms will contribute to maintaining long-term and widespread, albeit possibly low-intensity, transmission of human Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Abad-Franch
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - Fiocruz, Rua Teresina 476, Manaus 69057-070, Amazonas, Brazil; Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou - Fiocruz, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Marli M Lima
- Laboratório de Ecoepidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Otília Sarquis
- Laboratório de Ecoepidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasília 70904-970, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - María Sánchez-Martín
- Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona - ISGlobal, c/ Rosselló 132, 5° 2ª, 08036 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - José Calzada
- Insituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Av. Justo Arosemena y Calle 32, Panamá 0816-02593, Panama
| | - Azael Saldaña
- Insituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Av. Justo Arosemena y Calle 32, Panamá 0816-02593, Panama
| | - Fernando A Monteiro
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisco S Palomeque
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, USA
| | - Walter S Santos
- Laboratório de Doença de Chagas, Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas - SVS/MS, Rodovia BR 316 km 7 s/n, 67030-000 Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Victor M Angulo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales - CINTROP, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Calle 9 no. 27, Piedecuesta 680002, Santander, Colombia
| | - Lyda Esteban
- Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales - CINTROP, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Calle 9 no. 27, Piedecuesta 680002, Santander, Colombia
| | - Fernando B S Dias
- Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou - Fiocruz, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Liléia Diotaiuti
- Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou - Fiocruz, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - María Esther Bar
- Laboratorio de Artrópodos, Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Av. Libertad 5470, CP 3400 Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Nicole L Gottdenker
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Urbano P, Poveda C, Molina J. Effect of the physiognomy of Attalea butyracea (Arecoideae) on population density and age distribution of Rhodnius prolixus (Triatominae). Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:199. [PMID: 25889617 PMCID: PMC4389994 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhodnius prolixus Stål, 1859 is one of the main vectors of Trypanosoma (Schyzotrypanum) cruzi Chagas, 1909. In its natural forest environment, this triatomine is mainly found in palm tree crowns, where it easily establishes and develops dense populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the physiognomy and reproductive status of Attalea butyracea on the population relative density and age structure of R. prolixus and to determine the vector's population stratification according to the vertical and horizontal profile of an A. butyracea forest. METHODS Using live bait traps, 150 individuals of A. butyracea with different physiognomy and 40 individuals with similar physiognomy (crown size, number of leaves, palm tree height, diameter at breast height, reproductive status) were sampled for triatomines in Yopal, Casanare-Colombia. Temperature and relative humidity were measured in the crown of the palm tree. Entomological indices and natural infection rates were also determined. RESULTS The relative population density of R. prolixus on natural A. butyracea groves is associated with the palm's height, number of leaves and crown volume. The young immature stages were present mostly at the crown's base and the advanced immature stages and adults were present mostly at the crown of the palm tree. This distribution correlates with the temperature stability and relative humidity in the base and the fluctuation of both environmental variables in the palm's crown. A higher density of R. prolixus was found as the palm tree height increased and as the distance of the palm with respect to the forest border decreased, especially towards anthropically intervened areas. A density index of 12.6 individuals per palm tree with an infestation index of 88.9% and a colonization index of 98.7% was observed. 85.2% was the infection index with T. cruzi. CONCLUSION The physiognomy of palm trees affects the relative population density and the distribution of developmental stages of R. prolixus. Therefore, they constitute a risk factor for the potential migration of infected insects from wild environments towards residential environments and the subsequent epidemiological risk of transmission of T. cruzi to people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plutarco Urbano
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical - CIMPAT, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bloque A, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Cristina Poveda
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical - CIMPAT, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bloque A, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Jorge Molina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical - CIMPAT, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bloque A, Bogotá, Colombia.
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May-Concha I, Rojas JC, Cruz-López L, Ibarra-Cerdeña CN, Ramsey JM. Volatile compound diversity and conserved alarm behaviour in Triatoma dimidiata. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:84. [PMID: 25656170 PMCID: PMC4324405 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille) is a key vector complex of Trypanosoma cruzi, etiologic agent of Chagas disease, as it spans North, Central, and South America. Although morphological and genetic studies clearly indicate existence of at least five clades within the species, there has been no robust or systematic revision, or appropriate nomenclature change for species within the complex. Three of the clades (haplogroups) are distributed in Mexico, and recent evidence attests to dispersal of clades across previously "presumed" monotypic geographic regions. Evidence of niche conservatism among sister species of this complex suggests that geographic dispersal is possible for non-sympatric populations, although no information is available on the behavioural aspects of potential interclade interactions, for instance whether differentiation of chemical signaling or response to these signals could impede communication among the haplogroups. METHODS Volatiles emitted by disturbed bugs, Brindley's (BGs), and metasternal (MGs) glands were identified using solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) and gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Volatile compounds emitted by BGs and MGs, and those secreted by disturbed nymphs and adults, of the three Mexican T. dimidiata haplogroups were tested for avoidance behaviour by conspecific nymphs and adults using an olfactometer. RESULTS Triatoma dimidiata haplogroups all have three age-related alarm responses: absence of response by early stage nymphs, stage-specific response by 4-5th stage nymphs, and a shared 4-5th nymph and adult response to adult compounds. Disturbed bugs released 15 to 24 compounds depending on the haplogroup, among which were three pyrazines, the first report of these organoleptics in Triatominae. Isobutyric acid from BGs was the most abundant molecule in the response in all haplogroups, in addition to 15 (h1) to 21 (h2 and h3) MG compounds. Avoidance behaviour of disturbed bugs and volatiles emitted by BGs were haplogroup specific, while those from the MG were not. CONCLUSIONS Discriminant and cluster analysis of BG + MG compounds indicate significant separation among the three haplogroups, while alarm response compounds were similar between h2 and h3, both distinct from h1. This latter haplogroup is ancestral phylogenetically to the other two. Our results suggest that alarm responses are a conserved behaviour in the Triatoma dimidiata complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving May-Concha
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública (CRISP), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Tapachula, Chiapas, México. .,Departamento de Neuroetología Ecológica, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnológica a la Producción (CICyTTP), Diamante, Entre Ríos, Argentina.
| | - Julio C Rojas
- Grupo de Ecología y Manejo de Artrópodos, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5, Tapachula, Chiapas, México.
| | - Leopoldo Cruz-López
- Grupo de Ecología y Manejo de Artrópodos, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5, Tapachula, Chiapas, México.
| | - Carlos N Ibarra-Cerdeña
- Departamento de Ecologia Humana, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mérida, Yucatán, México.
| | - Janine M Ramsey
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública (CRISP), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Tapachula, Chiapas, México.
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Abad-Franch F, Pavan MG, Jaramillo-O N, Palomeque FS, Dale C, Chaverra D, Monteiro FA. Rhodnius barretti, a new species of Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) from western Amazonia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 108 Suppl 1:92-9. [PMID: 24473808 PMCID: PMC4109185 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276130434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodnius barretti , a new triatomine species, is described based on
adult specimens collected in rainforest environments within the Napo ecoregion of
western Amazonia (Colombia and Ecuador). R. barretti resembles
Rhodnius robustus s.l. , but mitochondrial cytochrome
b gene sequences reveal that it is a strongly divergent member of
the “robustus lineage”, i.e., basal to the clade encompassing Rhodnius
nasutus , Rhodnius neglectus , Rhodnius
prolixus and five members of the R. robustus species
complex. Morphometric analyses also reveal consistent divergence from R.
robustus s.l. , including head and, as previously shown, wing shape and
the length ratios of some anatomical structures. R. barretti occurs,
often at high densities, in Attalea butyracea and Oenocarpus
bataua palms. It is strikingly aggressive and adults may invade houses
flying from peridomestic palms. R. barretti must therefore be
regarded as a potential Trypanosoma cruzi vector in the Napo
ecoregion, where Chagas disease is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Abad-Franch
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Brasil, ManausAM, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Márcio G Pavan
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular
| | - Nicolás Jaramillo-O
- Grupo de Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia, Medellín, Grupo de Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas,Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Francisco S Palomeque
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Ecuador, Quito, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carolina Dale
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Brasil, Rio de JaneiroRJ, Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Duverney Chaverra
- Grupo de Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia, Medellín, Grupo de Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas,Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Fernando A Monteiro
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular
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Cordovez JM, Sanabria C. Environmental changes can produce shifts in chagas disease infection risk. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2014; 8:43-48. [PMID: 25574142 PMCID: PMC4266202 DOI: 10.4137/ehi.s16002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An epidemiological network contains all the organisms involved (types) in the transmission of a parasite. The nodes of the network represent reservoirs, hosts, and vectors, while the links between the nodes represent the strength and direction of parasite movement. Networks that contain humans are of special interest because they are of concern to public health authorities. Under these circumstances, it is possible, in principle, to identify cycles (closed paths in the network) that include humans and select the ones that carry the maximum probability of human infection. The basic reproduction number R 0 in such a network gives the average number of new infections of any type after the introduction of one individual infected by any type. To obtain R 0 for complex networks, one can use the next-generation matrix (NGM) approach. Every entry in NGM will average the contribution of each link that connects two types. To tease the contribution of every cycle apart, we define the virulence as the geometric mean of the NGM entries corresponding to the links therein. This approach allows for the quantification of specific cycles of interest while it also makes the computation of the sensitivity and elasticity of the parameters easier. In this work, we compute the virulence for the transmission dynamics of Chagas disease for a typical rural area in Colombia incorporating the effect of environmental changes on the vector population size. We concluded that the highest contribution to human infection comes from humans themselves, which is a surprising and interesting result. In addition, sensitivity analysis revealed that increasing vector population size increases the risk of human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Cordovez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Camilo Sanabria
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
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Abad-Franch F, Valença-Barbosa C, Sarquis O, Lima MM. All that glisters is not gold: sampling-process uncertainty in disease-vector surveys with false-negative and false-positive detections. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3187. [PMID: 25233352 PMCID: PMC4169387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vector-borne diseases are major public health concerns worldwide. For many of them, vector control is still key to primary prevention, with control actions planned and evaluated using vector occurrence records. Yet vectors can be difficult to detect, and vector occurrence indices will be biased whenever spurious detection/non-detection records arise during surveys. Here, we investigate the process of Chagas disease vector detection, assessing the performance of the surveillance method used in most control programs – active triatomine-bug searches by trained health agents. Methodology/Principal Findings Control agents conducted triplicate vector searches in 414 man-made ecotopes of two rural localities. Ecotope-specific ‘detection histories’ (vectors or their traces detected or not in each individual search) were analyzed using ordinary methods that disregard detection failures and multiple detection-state site-occupancy models that accommodate false-negative and false-positive detections. Mean (±SE) vector-search sensitivity was ∼0.283±0.057. Vector-detection odds increased as bug colonies grew denser, and were lower in houses than in most peridomestic structures, particularly woodpiles. False-positive detections (non-vector fecal streaks misidentified as signs of vector presence) occurred with probability ∼0.011±0.008. The model-averaged estimate of infestation (44.5±6.4%) was ∼2.4–3.9 times higher than naïve indices computed assuming perfect detection after single vector searches (11.4–18.8%); about 106–137 infestation foci went undetected during such standard searches. Conclusions/Significance We illustrate a relatively straightforward approach to addressing vector detection uncertainty under realistic field survey conditions. Standard vector searches had low sensitivity except in certain singular circumstances. Our findings suggest that many infestation foci may go undetected during routine surveys, especially when vector density is low. Undetected foci can cause control failures and induce bias in entomological indices; this may confound disease risk assessment and mislead program managers into flawed decision making. By helping correct bias in naïve indices, the approach we illustrate has potential to critically strengthen vector-borne disease control-surveillance systems. Vector-borne disease prevention often relies on health agents inspecting dwellings and eliminating the vector infestation foci they detect. The effectiveness of prevention programs thus depends on vector-detection performance. Unfortunately, detection failures can be common, particularly when infestation is rare and vector foci small. Although this can threaten vector control, the actual performance of vector searches has seldom been investigated in detail. Here, we assess Chagas disease vector detection by trained control-surveillance agents. We used models that explicitly account for detection errors to analyze triplicate vector detection/non-detection records from 414 man-made ‘ecotopes’ (houses, henhouses, woodpiles, etc.) in two rural localities. On average, a single round of vector searches correctly identified about 28% of the infested ecotopes; detection was more challenging in lightly-infested ecotopes and in some ecotope types, particularly houses and brick piles. After correcting detection errors, we estimated that ∼45% of the ecotopes were most likely infested, while observed rates were ∼11–19%; standard, single-round vector searches therefore missed many infestation foci. Our findings underscore the importance of taking detection failures into account when assessing infestation by disease vectors, and illustrate a straightforward approach to tackle the major but still underappreciated problem of imperfect vector detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Abad-Franch
- Infectious Disease Ecology Laboratory, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane – Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
- * E-mail: ;
| | - Carolina Valença-Barbosa
- Chagas Disease Eco-epidemiology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz – Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Otília Sarquis
- Chagas Disease Eco-epidemiology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz – Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marli M. Lima
- Chagas Disease Eco-epidemiology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz – Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Hiwat H. Triatominae species of Suriname (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) and their role as vectors of Chagas disease. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 109:452-8. [PMID: 25004146 PMCID: PMC4155847 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276130408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine species of Triatominae, representing three tribes and five genera, are currently known in Suriname. An annotated list of the species based on the collections of the Bureau of Public Health (Suriname), the National Zoological Collection Suriname and the National History Museum Leiden (the Netherlands) is provided. Additionally, the results of several years of opportunistic collection in two domestic environments are presented. The most common species are Rhodnius pictipes Stål, 1972, Rhodnius robustus Larrouse, 1972 and Panstrongylus geniculatus (Latreille, 1811). The significance of the species as vectors of Chagas disease in Suriname is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Hiwat
- Department of Entomology, Bureau of Public Health, Paramaribo, Suriname
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Valença-Barbosa C, Lima MM, Sarquis O, Bezerra CM, Abad-Franch F. Modeling disease vector occurrence when detection is imperfect II: Drivers of site-occupancy by synanthropic Triatoma brasiliensis in the Brazilian northeast. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2861. [PMID: 24811125 PMCID: PMC4014420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the drivers of habitat selection by insect disease vectors is instrumental to the design and operation of rational control-surveillance systems. One pervasive yet often overlooked drawback of vector studies is that detection failures result in some sites being misclassified as uninfested; naïve infestation indices are therefore biased, and this can confound our view of vector habitat preferences. Here, we present an initial attempt at applying methods that explicitly account for imperfect detection to investigate the ecology of Chagas disease vectors in man-made environments. METHODOLOGY We combined triplicate-sampling of individual ecotopes (n = 203) and site-occupancy models (SOMs) to test a suite of pre-specified hypotheses about habitat selection by Triatoma brasiliensis. SOM results were compared with those of standard generalized linear models (GLMs) that assume perfect detection even with single bug-searches. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Triatoma brasiliensis was strongly associated with key hosts (native rodents, goats/sheep and, to a lesser extent, fowl) in peridomestic environments; ecotope structure had, in comparison, small to negligible effects, although wooden ecotopes were slightly preferred. We found evidence of dwelling-level aggregation of infestation foci; when there was one such focus, same-dwelling ecotopes, whether houses or peridomestic structures, were more likely to become infested too. GLMs yielded negatively-biased covariate effect estimates and standard errors; both were, on average, about four times smaller than those derived from SOMs. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results confirm substantial population-level ecological heterogeneity in T. brasiliensis. They also suggest that, at least in some sites, control of this species may benefit from peridomestic rodent control and changes in goat/sheep husbandry practices. Finally, our comparative analyses highlight the importance of accounting for the various sources of uncertainty inherent to vector studies, including imperfect detection. We anticipate that future research on infectious disease ecology will increasingly rely on approaches akin to those described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Valença-Barbosa
- Chagas Disease Eco-epidemiology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz – Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marli M. Lima
- Chagas Disease Eco-epidemiology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz – Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Otília Sarquis
- Chagas Disease Eco-epidemiology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz – Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Abad-Franch
- Infectious Disease Ecology Laboratory, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane – Fiocruz, Manaus, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Valença-Barbosa C, Lima MM, Sarquis O, Bezerra CM, Abad-Franch F. A common Caatinga cactus, Pilosocereus gounellei, is an important ecotope of wild Triatoma brasiliensis populations in the Jaguaribe valley of northeastern Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 90:1059-62. [PMID: 24710611 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Triatoma brasiliensis is the most important vector of Chagas disease in the Caatinga eco-region of northeastern Brazil. Wild T. brasiliensis populations have been reported only from rocky outcrops. However, this species frequently infests/re-infests houses in rock-free sedimentary lowlands. We therefore hypothesized that it should also occupy other natural ecotopes. We show that a common Caatinga cactus, Pilosocereus gounellei, locally known as xiquexique, often harbors T. brasiliensis breeding colonies apparently associated with rodents (n = 44 cacti, infestation rate = 47.7%, 157 bugs captured). Our findings suggest that infested cacti might be involved in house re-infestation by T. brasiliensis in the Caatinga region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Valença-Barbosa
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marli M Lima
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Otília Sarquis
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Claudia M Bezerra
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Fernando Abad-Franch
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
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Espinoza N, Borrás R, Abad-Franch F. Chagas disease vector control in a hyperendemic setting: the first 11 years of intervention in Cochabamba, Bolivia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2782. [PMID: 24699407 PMCID: PMC3974664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chagas disease has historically been hyperendemic in the Bolivian Department of Cochabamba. In the early 2000s, an extensive vector control program was implemented; 1.34 million dwelling inspections were conducted to ascertain infestation (2000–2001/2003–2011), with blanket insecticide spraying in 2003–2005 and subsequent survey-spraying cycles targeting residual infestation foci. Here, we assess the effects of this program on dwelling infestation rates (DIRs). Methodology/Principal Findings Program records were used to calculate annual, municipality-level aggregate DIRs (39 municipalities); very high values in 2000–2001 (median: 0.77–0.69) dropped to ∼0.03 from 2004 on. A linear mixed model (with municipality as a random factor) suggested that infestation odds decreased, on average, by ∼28% (95% confidence interval [CI95] 6–44%) with each 10-fold increase in control effort. A second, better-fitting mixed model including year as an ordinal predictor disclosed large DIR reductions in 2001–2003 (odds ratio [OR] 0.11, CI95 0.06–0.19) and 2003–2004 (OR 0.22, CI95 0.14–0.34). Except for a moderate decrease in 2005–2006, no significant changes were detected afterwards. In both models, municipality-level DIRs correlated positively with previous-year DIRs and with the extent of municipal territory originally covered by montane dry forests. Conclusions/Significance Insecticide-spraying campaigns had very strong, long-lasting effects on DIRs in Cochabamba. However, post-intervention surveys consistently detected infestation in ∼3% of dwellings, underscoring the need for continuous surveillance; higher DIRs were recorded in the capital city and, more generally, in municipalities dominated by montane dry forest – an eco-region where wild Triatoma infestans are widespread. Traditional strategies combining insecticide spraying and longitudinal surveillance are thus confirmed as very effective means for area-wide Chagas disease vector control; they will be particularly beneficial in highly-endemic settings, but should also be implemented or maintained in other parts of Latin America where domestic infestation by triatomines is still commonplace. Chagas disease is among the most serious public health problems in Latin America; the highest prevalence of infection by its causative agent, the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, has historically been recorded in some parts of Bolivia. In the early 2000s, a massive insecticide-spraying program was set up to control dwelling infestation by the blood-sucking bugs that transmit the disease. Here we provide a detailed assessment of the effects of this program in the Department of Cochabamba, one of the most highly-endemic settings worldwide. Our analyses show that municipality-level dwelling infestation rates plummeted from over 70–80% in 2001–2003 to about 2–3% in 2004–2011. This residual infestation was higher in the capital city and, more generally, in municipalities where montane dry forests dominate – probably because wild populations of the main vector, Triatoma infestans, are common in that eco-region. Despite the impressive early achievements of the program, with about 0.5 million people protected from contagion, sustained disease control will require fully operational long-term surveillance systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalisisy Espinoza
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Borrás
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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