1
|
Spiliopoulos O, Solomos Z, Puchner KP. Buruli ulcer, tuberculosis and leprosy: Exploring the One Health dimensions of three most prevalent mycobacterial diseases: A narrative review. Trop Med Int Health 2024; 29:657-667. [PMID: 38994702 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
ΟBJECTIVES: Although Buruli ulcer, tuberculosis, and leprosy are the three most common mycobacterial diseases, One Health dimensions of these infections remain poorly understood. This narrative review aims at exploring the scientific literature with respect to the presence of animal reservoir(s) and other environmental sources for the pathogens of these infections, their role in transmission to humans and the research on/practical implementation of One Health relevant control efforts. METHODS The literature review was conducted using the online databases PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest and Google Scholar, reviewing articles that were written in English in the last 15 years. Grey literature, published by intergovernmental agencies, was also reviewed. RESULTS For the pathogen of Buruli ulcer, evidence suggests possums as a possible animal reservoir and thus having an active role in disease transmission to humans. Cattle and some wildlife species are deemed as established animal reservoirs for tuberculosis pathogens, with a non-negligible proportion of infections in humans being of zoonotic origin. Armadillos constitute an established animal reservoir for leprosy pathogens with the transmission of the disease from armadillos to humans being deemed possible. Lentic environments, soil and other aquatic sources may represent further abiotic reservoirs for viable Buruli ulcer and leprosy pathogens infecting humans. Ongoing investigation and implementation of public health measures, targeting (sapro)zoonotic transmission can be found in all three diseases. CONCLUSION Buruli ulcer, tuberculosis and leprosy exhibit important yet still poorly understood One Health aspects. Despite the microbiological affinity of the respective causative mycobacteria, considerable differences in their animal reservoirs, potential environmental sources and modes of zoonotic transmission are being observed. Whether these differences reflect actual variations between these diseases or rather knowledge gaps remains unclear. For improved disease control, further investigation of zoonotic aspects of all three diseases and formulation of One Health relevant interventions is urgently needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orestis Spiliopoulos
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Zisimangelos Solomos
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Karl Philipp Puchner
- Laboratory of Primary Health Care, General Medicine and Health Services Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tchatchouang S, Andre Mbongue Mikangue C, Kenmoe S, Bowo-Ngandji A, Mahamat G, Thierry Ebogo-Belobo J, Serge Mbaga D, Rodrigue Foe-Essomba J, Numfor H, Irma Kame-Ngasse G, Nyebe I, Bosco Taya-Fokou J, Zemnou-Tepap C, Félicité Yéngué J, Nina Magoudjou-Pekam J, Gertrude Djukouo L, Antoinette Kenmegne Noumbissi M, Kenfack-Momo R, Aimee Touangnou-Chamda S, Flore Feudjio A, Gael Oyono M, Paola Demeni Emoh C, Raoul Tazokong H, Zeukeng F, Kengne-Ndé C, Njouom R, Flore Donkeng Donfack V, Eyangoh S. Systematic review: Global host range, case fatality and detection rates of Mycobacterium ulcerans in humans and potential environmental sources. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2024; 36:100457. [PMID: 39026996 PMCID: PMC11254744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Fundamental aspects of the epidemiology and ecology of Mycobacterium ulcerans (MU) infections including disease burden, host range, reservoir, intermediate hosts, vector and mode of transmission are poorly understood. Understanding the global distribution and burden of MU infections is a paramount to fight against Buruli ulcer (BU). Four databases were queried from inception through December 2023. After critical review of published resources on BU, 155 articles (645 records) published between 1987 and 2023 from 16 countries were selected for this review. Investigating BU in from old endemic and new emerging foci has allowed detection of MU in humans, animals, plants and various environmental samples with prevalence from 0 % up to 100 % depending of the study design. A case fatality rate between 0.0 % and 50 % was described from BU patients and deaths occurred in Central African Republic, Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burkina Faso and Australia. The prevalence of MU in humans was higher in Africa. Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAAT) and non-NAAT were performed in > 38 animal species. MU has been recovered in culture from possum faeces, aquatic bugs and koala. More than 7 plant species and several environmental samples have been tested positive for MU. This review provided a comprehensive set of data on the updates of geographic distribution, the burden of MU infections in humans, and the host range of MU in non-human organisms. Although MU have been found in a wide range of environmental samples, only few of these have revealed the viability of the mycobacterium and the replicative non-human reservoirs of MU remain to be explored. These findings should serve as a foundation for further research on the reservoirs, intermediate hosts and transmission routes of MU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Gadji Mahamat
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Hycenth Numfor
- Scientific Direction, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Inès Nyebe
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Raoul Kenfack-Momo
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Martin Gael Oyono
- Department of Animals Biology and Physiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Francis Zeukeng
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Cyprien Kengne-Ndé
- Research Monitoring and Planning Unit, National Aids Control Committee, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Richard Njouom
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Sara Eyangoh
- Scientific Direction, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bohelay G, Guyot A, Billard-Pomares T, Marsollier L, Caux F, Carbonnelle E. Extensive buruli ulcer in a patient returning from Mali and Senegal. Travel Med Infect Dis 2024; 60:102725. [PMID: 38754530 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2024.102725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
no abstract requested for correspondance items.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gérôme Bohelay
- Department of Dermatology, Groupe Hospitalier Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, AP-HP, Bobigny, France; INSERM UMR 1125, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France.
| | - Alexis Guyot
- Department of Immuno-Dermatology, Groupe Hospitalier Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Typhaine Billard-Pomares
- Université de Paris, IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Paris, France; Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Groupe Hospitalier Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Laurent Marsollier
- Université d'Angers, Nantes Université, INSERM, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, Immunology (INCIT), Angers, France
| | - Frédéric Caux
- Department of Dermatology, Groupe Hospitalier Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, AP-HP, Bobigny, France; INSERM UMR 1125, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Etienne Carbonnelle
- Université de Paris, IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Paris, France; Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Groupe Hospitalier Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shyam M, Kumar S, Singh V. Unlocking Opportunities for Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium ulcerans. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:251-269. [PMID: 38295025 PMCID: PMC10862552 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
In the recent decade, scientific communities have toiled to tackle the emerging burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) and rapidly growing opportunistic nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Among these, two neglected mycobacteria species of the Acinetobacter family, Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium ulcerans, are the etiological agents of leprosy and Buruli ulcer infections, respectively, and fall under the broad umbrella of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Unfortunately, lackluster drug discovery efforts have been made against these pathogenic bacteria in the recent decade, resulting in the discovery of only a few countable hits and majorly repurposing anti-TB drug candidates such as telacebec (Q203), P218, and TB47 for current therapeutic interventions. Major ignorance in drug candidate identification might aggravate the dramatic consequences of rapidly spreading mycobacterial NTDs in the coming days. Therefore, this Review focuses on an up-to-date account of drug discovery efforts targeting selected druggable targets from both bacilli, including the accompanying challenges that have been identified and are responsible for the slow drug discovery. Furthermore, a succinct discussion of the all-new possibilities that could be alternative solutions to mitigate the neglected mycobacterial NTD burden and subsequently accelerate the drug discovery effort is also included. We anticipate that the state-of-the-art strategies discussed here may attract major attention from the scientific community to navigate and expand the roadmap for the discovery of next-generation therapeutics against these NTDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Shyam
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mersa, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Holistic
Drug Discovery and Development (H3D) Centre, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Vinayak Singh
- Holistic
Drug Discovery and Development (H3D) Centre, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- South
African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research
Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute
of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mee PT, Buultjens AH, Oliver J, Brown K, Crowder JC, Porter JL, Hobbs EC, Judd LM, Taiaroa G, Puttharak N, Williamson DA, Blasdell KR, Tay EL, Feldman R, Muzari MO, Sanders C, Larsen S, Crouch SR, Johnson PDR, Wallace JR, Price DJ, Hoffmann AA, Gibney KB, Stinear TP, Lynch SE. Mosquitoes provide a transmission route between possums and humans for Buruli ulcer in southeastern Australia. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:377-389. [PMID: 38263454 PMCID: PMC10847040 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Buruli ulcer, a chronic subcutaneous infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is increasing in prevalence in southeastern Australia. Possums are a local wildlife reservoir for M. ulcerans and, although mosquitoes have been implicated in transmission, it remains unclear how humans acquire infection. We conducted extensive field survey analyses of M. ulcerans prevalence among mosquitoes in the Mornington Peninsula region of southeastern Australia. PCR screening of trapped mosquitoes revealed a significant association between M. ulcerans and Aedes notoscriptus. Spatial scanning statistics revealed overlap between clusters of M. ulcerans-positive Ae. notoscriptus, M. ulcerans-positive possum excreta and Buruli ulcer cases, and metabarcoding analyses showed individual mosquitoes had fed on humans and possums. Bacterial genomic analysis confirmed shared single-nucleotide-polymorphism profiles for M. ulcerans detected in mosquitoes, possum excreta and humans. These findings indicate Ae. notoscriptus probably transmit M. ulcerans in southeastern Australia and highlight mosquito control as a Buruli ulcer prevention measure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Mee
- Centre for AgriBioscience, AgriBio, Agriculture Victoria, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Andrew H Buultjens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane Oliver
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Brown
- Centre for AgriBioscience, AgriBio, Agriculture Victoria, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jodie C Crowder
- Centre for AgriBioscience, AgriBio, Agriculture Victoria, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica L Porter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma C Hobbs
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise M Judd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - George Taiaroa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natsuda Puttharak
- Centre for AgriBioscience, AgriBio, Agriculture Victoria, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Deborah A Williamson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim R Blasdell
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, CSIRO, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ee Laine Tay
- Department of Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Mutizwa Odwell Muzari
- Medical Entomology, Tropical Public Health Services Cairns, Cairns and Hinterland Hospital and Health Services, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chris Sanders
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart Larsen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon R Crouch
- South East Public Health Unit, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul D R Johnson
- North East Public Health Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - John R Wallace
- Department of Biology, Millersville University, Millersville, PA, USA
| | - David J Price
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine B Gibney
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy P Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Mycobacterium ulcerans, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Stacey E Lynch
- Centre for AgriBioscience, AgriBio, Agriculture Victoria, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, CSIRO, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Osei-Owusu J, Aidoo OF, Eshun F, Gaikpa DS, Dofuor AK, Vigbedor BY, Turkson BK, Ochar K, Opata J, Opoku MJ, Ninsin KD, Borgemeister C. Buruli ulcer in Africa: Geographical distribution, ecology, risk factors, diagnosis, and indigenous plant treatment options - A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22018. [PMID: 38034712 PMCID: PMC10686891 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Buruli ulcer (BU), a neglected tropical disease (NTD), is an infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. The disease has been documented in many South American, Asian, and Western Pacific countries and is widespread throughout much of Africa, especially in West and Central Africa. In rural areas with scarce medical care, BU is a devastating disease that can leave patients permanently disabled and socially stigmatized. Mycobacterium ulcerans is thought to produce a mycolactone toxin, which results in necrosis of the afflicted tissue and may be involved in the etiology of BU. Initially, patients may notice a painless nodule or plaque on their skin; as the disease progresses, however, it may spread to other parts of the body, including the muscles and bones. Clinical signs, microbial culture, and histological analysis of afflicted tissue all contribute to a diagnosis of BU. Though antibiotic treatment and surgical removal of infected tissue are necessary for BU management, plant-derived medicine could be an alternative in areas with limited access to conventional medicine. Herein we reviewed the geographical distribution, socioeconomic, risk factors, diagnosis, biology and ecology of the pathogen. Complex environmental, socioeconomic, and genetic factors that influence BU are discussed. Further, our review highlights future research areas needed to develop strategies to manage the disease through the use of indigenous African plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Osei-Owusu
- Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | - Owusu Fordjour Aidoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | - Fatima Eshun
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | - David Sewordor Gaikpa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | - Aboagye Kwarteng Dofuor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | - Bright Yaw Vigbedor
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Bernard Kofi Turkson
- Department of Herbal Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kingsley Ochar
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute, Bunso, Ghana
| | - John Opata
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | - Maxwell Jnr. Opoku
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | - Kodwo Dadzie Ninsin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | - Christian Borgemeister
- Centre for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Genscherallee 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
McNamara BJ, Blasdell KR, Yerramilli A, Smith IL, Clayton SL, Dunn M, Tay EL, Gibney KB, Waidyatillake NT, Hussain MA, Muleme M, O'Brien DP, Athan E. Comprehensive Case-Control Study of Protective and Risk Factors for Buruli Ulcer, Southeastern Australia. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:2032-2043. [PMID: 37735741 PMCID: PMC10521623 DOI: 10.3201/eid2910.230011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine protective and risk factors for Buruli ulcer (BU), we conducted a case-control study of 245 adult BU cases and 481 postcode-matched controls across BU-endemic areas of Victoria, Australia. We calculated age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios for socio-environmental, host, and behavioral factors associated with BU by using conditional logistic regression. Odds of BU were >2-fold for persons with diabetes mellitus and persons working outdoors who had soil contact in BU-endemic areas (compared with indoor work) but were lower among persons who had bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccinations. BU was associated with increasing numbers of possums and with ponds and bore water use at residences. Using insect repellent, covering arms and legs outdoors, and immediately washing wounds were protective; undertaking multiple protective behaviors was associated with the lowest odds of BU. Skin hygiene/protection behaviors and previous bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination might provide protection against BU in BU-endemic areas.
Collapse
|
8
|
Combe M, Cherif E, Blaizot R, Breugnot D, Gozlan RE. What about Current Diversity of Mycolactone-Producing Mycobacteria? Implication for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Buruli Ulcer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13727. [PMID: 37762030 PMCID: PMC10531242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of an emerging pathogen in humans can remain difficult by conventional methods such as enrichment culture assays that remain highly selective, require appropriate medium and cannot avoid misidentifications, or serological tests that use surrogate antigens and are often hampered by the level of detectable antibodies. Although not originally designed for this purpose, the implementation of polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) has resulted in an increasing number of diagnostic tests for many diseases. However, the design of specific molecular assays relies on the availability and reliability of published genetic sequences for the target pathogens as well as enough knowledge on the genetic diversity of species and/or variants giving rise to the same disease symptoms. Usually designed for clinical isolates, molecular tests are often not suitable for environmental samples in which the target DNA is mixed with a mixture of environmental DNA. A key challenge of such molecular assays is thus to ensure high specificity of the target genetic markers when focusing on clinical and environmental samples in order to follow the dynamics of disease transmission and emergence in humans. Here we focus on the Buruli ulcer (BU), a human necrotizing skin disease mainly affecting tropical and subtropical areas, commonly admitted to be caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans worldwide although other mycolactone-producing mycobacteria and even mycobacterium species were found associated with BU or BU-like cases. By revisiting the literature, we show that many studies have used non-specific molecular markers (IS2404, IS2606, KR-B) to identify M. ulcerans from clinical and environmental samples and propose that all mycolactone-producing mycobacteria should be definitively considered as variants from the same group rather than different species. Importantly, we provide evidence that the diversity of mycolactone-producing mycobacteria variants as well as mycobacterium species potentially involved in BU or BU-like skin ulcerations might have been underestimated. We also suggest that the specific variants/species involved in each BU or BU-like case should be carefully identified during the diagnosis phase, either via the key to genetic identification proposed here or by broader metabarcoding approaches, in order to guide the medical community in the choice for the most appropriate antibiotic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Combe
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34095 Montpellier, France; (E.C.); (D.B.); (R.E.G.)
| | - Emira Cherif
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34095 Montpellier, France; (E.C.); (D.B.); (R.E.G.)
| | - Romain Blaizot
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne 97306, French Guiana;
| | - Damien Breugnot
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34095 Montpellier, France; (E.C.); (D.B.); (R.E.G.)
| | - Rodolphe Elie Gozlan
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34095 Montpellier, France; (E.C.); (D.B.); (R.E.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Muhi S, Osowicki J, O'Brien D, Johnson PDR, Pidot S, Doerflinger M, Marshall JL, Pellegrini M, McCarthy J, Stinear TP. A human model of Buruli ulcer: The case for controlled human infection and considerations for selecting a Mycobacterium ulcerans challenge strain. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011394. [PMID: 37384606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical knowledge gaps regarding infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans, the cause of Buruli ulcer (BU), have impeded development of new therapeutic approaches and vaccines for prevention of this neglected tropical disease. Here, we review the current understanding of host-pathogen interactions and correlates of immune protection to explore the case for establishing a controlled human infection model of M. ulcerans infection. We also summarise the overarching safety considerations and present a rationale for selecting a suitable challenge strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Muhi
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joshua Osowicki
- Tropical Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel O'Brien
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul D R Johnson
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sacha Pidot
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marcel Doerflinger
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julia L Marshall
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marc Pellegrini
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - James McCarthy
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy P Stinear
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
de Souza DK, Addo SO, Desewu K, Nzelu CO, Mosore MT, Nimo-Paintsil S, Attram N, Appawu M, Wilson MD, Boakye DA. Investigating potential sand fly vectors after the first reported outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ghana. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:154. [PMID: 37118766 PMCID: PMC10148561 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05767-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania, which are transmitted through the bite of infected female sand flies. Since the first reported outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ghana, in 1999, there has been limited published information on its vectors and reservoir hosts there. Previous studies have shown strong dominance of the sand fly genus Sergentomyia over the genus Phlebotomus in Ghana. Thus the aim of this study was to determine the possible sand fly vector species in Ghana, as well as their human-feeding behavior, from the time of the first reported outbreak of CL in the country. METHODS Sand flies were collected from randomly selected houses in three communities. They were identified and used for blood meal source identification and the detection of Leishmania infection using molecular methods. RESULTS: A total of 1051 female sand flies were morphologically identified, of which Sergentomyia africana africana (29%) was the predominant species. Among the 275 female sand flies that had blood-fed, the identified blood meal sources included chicken (33.8%) and goat (12.4%); the percentage of human blood meals was 32%. Single-source and mixed-source blood meals were identified in Sergentomyia africana africana (11.6%), Sergentomyia ingrami (14.9%) and Sergentomyia simillima (20%), with S. simillima having the highest proportion of blood meals that included human blood (14.6%). Using molecular methods, unfed sand flies and identified human-feeding species were examined for the presence of Leishmania DNA. Pool screening analysis revealed three pools of S. ingrami positive for Leishmania major DNA, with an infection rate of 1.27% (95% confidence interval 2.467-3.647). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that some Sergentomyia species may be involved in the transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ghana. However, the role of S. ingrami as a vector of leishmaniasis in Ghana needs to be conclusively validated by isolating the parasite from this species and through experimental transmission studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dziedzom K de Souza
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Seth Offei Addo
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kwame Desewu
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | - Chukwunonso O Nzelu
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine and Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Mba T Mosore
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Shirley Nimo-Paintsil
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Naiki Attram
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Maxwell Appawu
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Michael D Wilson
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Daniel A Boakye
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Asiedu SO, Gupta Y, Nicolaescu V, Gula H, Caulfield TR, Durvasula R, Kempaiah P, Kwofie SK, Wilson MD. Mycolactone: A Broad Spectrum Multitarget Antiviral Active in the Picomolar Range for COVID-19 Prevention and Cure. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087151. [PMID: 37108313 PMCID: PMC10139166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown computationally that Mycolactone (MLN), a toxin produced by Mycobacterium ulcerans, strongly binds to Munc18b and other proteins, presumably blocking degranulation and exocytosis of blood platelets and mast cells. We investigated the effect of MLN on endocytosis using similar approaches, and it bound strongly to the N-terminal of the clathrin protein and a novel SARS-CoV-2 fusion protein. Experimentally, we found 100% inhibition up to 60 nM and 84% average inhibition at 30 nM in SARS-CoV-2 live viral assays. MLN was also 10× more potent than remdesivir and molnupiravir. MLN's toxicity against human alveolar cell line A549, immortalized human fetal renal cell line HEK293, and human hepatoma cell line Huh7.1 were 17.12%, 40.30%, and 36.25%, respectively. The cytotoxicity IC50 breakpoint ratio versus anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity was more than 65-fold. The IC50 values against the alpha, delta, and Omicron variants were all below 0.020 µM, and 134.6 nM of MLN had 100% inhibition in an entry and spread assays. MLN is eclectic in its actions through its binding to Sec61, AT2R, and the novel fusion protein, making it a good drug candidate for treating and preventing COVID-19 and other similarly transmitted enveloped viruses and pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth Osei Asiedu
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box GA 337, Ghana
| | - Yash Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Vlad Nicolaescu
- Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Haley Gula
- Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Thomas R Caulfield
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of QHS Computational Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ravi Durvasula
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Prakasha Kempaiah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Samuel K Kwofie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box 77, Ghana
| | - Michael D Wilson
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box GA 337, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dhungel L, Bonner R, Cook M, Henson D, Moulder T, Benbow ME, Jordan H. Impact of Temperature and Oxygen Availability on Gene Expression Patterns of Mycobacterium ulcerans. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0496822. [PMID: 36912651 PMCID: PMC10100886 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04968-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Buruli ulcer disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the environmental pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans. The M. ulcerans major virulence factor is mycolactone, a lipid cytotoxic compound whose genes are carried on a plasmid. Although an exact reservoir and mode(s) of transmission are unknown, data provide evidence of both. First, Buruli ulcer incidence and M. ulcerans presence have been linked to slow-moving water with low oxygen. M. ulcerans has also been suggested to be sensitive to UV due to termination in crtI, encoding a phytoene dehydrogenase, required for carotenoid production. Further, M. ulcerans has been shown to cause disease following puncture but not when introduced to open abrasion sites, suggesting that puncture is necessary for transmission and pathology. Despite these findings, the function and modulation of mycolactone and other genes in response to dynamic abiotic conditions such as UV, temperature, and oxygen have not been shown. In this study, we investigated modulation of mycolactone and other genes on exposure to changing UV and oxygen microenvironmental conditions. Mycolactone expression was downregulated on exposure to the single stress high temperature and did not change significantly with exposure to UV; however, it was upregulated when exposed to microaerophilic conditions. Mycolactone expression was downregulated under combined stresses of high temperature and low oxygen, but there was upregulation of several stress response genes. Taken together, results suggest that temperature shapes M. ulcerans metabolic response more so than UV exposure or oxygen requirements. These data help to define the environmental niche of M. ulcerans and metabolic responses during initial human infection. IMPORTANCE Buruli ulcer is a debilitating skin disease caused by the environmental pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans. M. ulcerans produces a toxic compound, mycolactone, which leads to tissue necrosis and ulceration. Barriers to preventing Buruli ulcer include an incomplete understanding of M. ulcerans reservoirs, how the pathogen is transmitted, and under what circumstances mycolactone and other M. ulcerans genes are expressed and produced in its natural environment and in the host. We conducted a study to investigate M. ulcerans gene expression under several individual or combined abiotic conditions. Our data showed that mycolactone expression was downregulated under combined stresses of high temperature and low oxygen but there was upregulation of several stress response genes. These data are among only a few studies measuring modulation of mycolactone and other M. ulcerans genes that could be involved in pathogen fitness in its natural environment and virulence while within the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi Dhungel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Raisa Bonner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Meagan Cook
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Duncan Henson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Trent Moulder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - M. Eric Benbow
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Ecology, Evolution and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- AgBioResearch, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Heather Jordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Keita ML, Kaba A, Telly Diallo I, Kesso Bah M, Sagno M, Goumane A, Bouam A, Drancourt M. Gold Panning-Related Chronic Cutaneous Ulcers in Guinea, West Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 108:221-226. [PMID: 36509061 PMCID: PMC9833079 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cutaneous ulcers caused potentially by several pathogens are of increasing concern in endemic tropical countries, including Guinea in West Africa, in rural populations exposed to aquatic environments during recreational, domestic, or agricultural activities. By plotting 1,011 cases of chronic cutaneous ulcers classified under the name Buruli ulcer in 24 of 33 Guinea health districts (72%) between 2018 and 2020 against the gold map and gold-panning map of Guinea, we revealed a significant spatial association between chronic cutaneous ulcer foci and gold-panning foci (P < 0.05), but not with nongold-panning foci (P = 0.12) in Guinea. Gold panning should be listed as an additional economic activity exposing populations to chronic cutaneous ulcers. Further research may aim to clarify whether any geological and biologic factors underlie such an association, besides the possibility that the unprotected skin of gold panners may be exposed to opportunistic, pathogen-contaminated environments in gold-panning areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed L. Keita
- Aix Marseille University, Institut National pour le Developpement, Microbes, Evolution, Phylogénie et Infection, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Abdoulaye Kaba
- Bureau of Stratégies and Dévelopment, Ministère de la Santé, Conakry, République de Guinée
| | - Ibrahima Telly Diallo
- Bureau of Stratégies and Dévelopment, Ministère de la Santé, Conakry, République de Guinée
| | - Mariama Kesso Bah
- Programme National de Lutte Contre les Maladies Tropicales Negligées, Ministère de la Santé, Conakry, République de Guinée
| | - Michel Sagno
- Programme National de Lutte Contre les Maladies Tropicales Negligées, Ministère de la Santé, Conakry, République de Guinée
| | - Aboubacar Goumane
- Centre Régional de Dépistage et de Traitement de l’Ulcère de Buruli, Ministère de la Santé, N’zerekoré, République de Guinée
| | - Amar Bouam
- Aix Marseille University, Institut National pour le Developpement, Microbes, Evolution, Phylogénie et Infection, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Drancourt
- Aix Marseille University, Institut National pour le Developpement, Microbes, Evolution, Phylogénie et Infection, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ehouman E, Soro D, Ouattara DN, Cissé CB, Bakayoko A, Dosso M, Zo-Bi IC, Kouassi AF, Koné MW. Floristic Diversity as an Indicator in Low and High Endemic Buruli Ulcer Areas in Côte d'Ivoire. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 17:40. [PMID: 37128551 PMCID: PMC10130806 DOI: 10.1007/s41742-023-00520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium ulcerans is an environmental bacterium responsible for Buruli ulcer. This disease has a high frequency index in humid tropical regions, with a high incidence in Sub-Saharan Africa. The ecology and mode of transmission of this disease is not well established. Based on dilution effect hypothesis, acting as lowering disease transmission due to greater biodiversity, floristic inventory was carried out in the Health Districts of Daloa and Bouaké in Côte d'Ivoire. In each district, high and low endemic sites were investigated. A total of 169 plant species were inventoried for both low and high endemicity of Buruli ulcer sites in the districts. The Indval index revealed that 13 plant species were good indicators for Buruli ulcer highly endemic areas. The plants which correlate with high endemicity area were Leersia hexandra, Panicum laxum, Mimosa pudica, Paspalum distichum, Persicaria senegalensis, Calopogonium mucunoides, Echinochloa colona, Ipomoea sagittata, and Eichhornia crassipes. For low endemic sites, a strong relationship was recorded for 37 plants. The indices revealed low similarity between high and low endemicity sites. Low endemicity sites expressed the highest plant species diversity. These results suggest the hypothesis that floristic richness is more important in sites of low endemicity than in those of high endemicity. Moreover, we observed a co-occurrence of some plant species and Buruli ulcer endemicity. This finding may lead to the fact that it is important to care about the biodiversity to prevent outbreak of Buruli ulcer cases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41742-023-00520-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evans Ehouman
- UFR Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 02, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Dramane Soro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université Péléforo Gon Coulibaly, Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire (CSRS), Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Doudjo Noufou Ouattara
- UFR Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 02, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire (CSRS), Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Cathérine Boni Cissé
- Department of Medical Science, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
- Institut Pasteur, Mycobactéries Tuberculeuses et Atypiques, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Adama Bakayoko
- UFR Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 02, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire (CSRS), Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Mireille Dosso
- Department of Medical Science, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
- Institut Pasteur, Mycobactéries Tuberculeuses et Atypiques, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Irié Casimir Zo-Bi
- Department of Forest Science, Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny (INP-HB), Yamoussoukro, Côte d’Ivoire
| | | | - Mamidou Witabouna Koné
- UFR Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 02, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire (CSRS), Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
- Department of Medical Science, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Leuenberger A, Koné BV, N’krumah RTAS, Koffi DY, Bonfoh B, Utzinger J, Pluschke G. Perceived water-related risk factors of Buruli ulcer in two villages of south-central Côte d'Ivoire. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010927. [PMID: 36516125 PMCID: PMC9750022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Buruli ulcer, caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is a neglected tropical skin disease that is primarily endemic in West and Central Africa, including Côte d'Ivoire. Studies indicate that M. ulcerans infections are caused by contact with an environmental reservoir of the bacteria, governed by specific human biological conditions. Yet, the nature of this reservoir and the exact mode of transmission remain unknown. METHODOLOGY To identify ecologic risk factors of Buruli ulcer in south-central Côte d'Ivoire, we pursued a qualitative study matched with geo-referencing inquiry. Embedded in a broader integrated wound management research project, we (i) mapped households and water sources of laboratory confirmed Buruli ulcer cases and (ii) interviewed 12 patients and four health care workers to assess exposure to surface water and to deepen the understanding of perceived transmission pathways. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Water availability, accessibility, and affordability were reported as key determinants for choosing water resources. Furthermore, perceived risks were related to environmental, structural, and individual factors. Despite the presence of improved water sources (e.g., drilled wells), communities heavily relied on unprotected surface water for a multitude of activities. The nearby Bandama River and seasonal waterbodies were frequently used for washing, bathing, and collection of water for drinking and cooking. Many residents also reported to cross the river on a daily basis for agricultural chores, and hence, are exposed to stagnant water during farming activities. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our study in two Buruli ulcer endemic villages in south-central Côte d'Ivoire revealed a wide range of water-related domestic activities that might expose people to an increased risk of contracting the disease. Environmental, biological, social, and cultural risk factors are closely interlinked and should be considered in future investigations of Buruli ulcer transmission. Active participation of the communities is key to better understand their circumstances to advance research and fight against Buruli ulcer and other neglected tropical diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Leuenberger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bognan V. Koné
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Raymond T. A. S. N’krumah
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
- Université Peleforo Gon Coulibaly de Korhogo, Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Didier Y. Koffi
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
- Programme National de Lutte contre l’Ulcère de Buruli, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Bassirou Bonfoh
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerd Pluschke
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Manilal A, Tadesse D, Sabu KR. Buruli Ulcer and Medical Geo-Microbiology. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:6811-6814. [PMID: 36458199 PMCID: PMC9707318 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s388005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Buruli ulcer is a chronic debilitating infectious disease caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans, which can be cured if diagnosed and treated in an early stage. However, advanced cases need antibiotic treatment followed by surgical interventions. In this context, an extremely effective and less expensive treatment modality can be developed by means of an extended topical application of certain selected natural clay minerals, most of the time containing illite-smectite having some iron content. There is a scope for developing the speciality, medical geo-microbiology, which is truly a multidisciplinary one, for finding a cure for the severe and advanced cases of BU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aseer Manilal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Dagimawie Tadesse
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rouse WB, Gart J, Peysakhova L, Moss WN. Analysis of key genes in Mycobacterium ulcerans reveals conserved RNA structural motifs and regions with apparent pressure to remain unstructured. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2022; 3. [PMID: 37006713 PMCID: PMC10062443 DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2022.1009362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Buruli Ulcer is a neglected tropical disease that results in disfiguring and dangerous lesions in affected persons across a wide geographic area, including much of West Africa. The causative agent of Buruli Ulcer is Mycobacterium ulcerans, a relative of the bacterium that causes tuberculosis and leprosy. Few therapeutic options exist for the treatment of this disease beyond antibiotics in the early stages, which are frequently ineffective, and surgical removal in the later stage. In this study we analyze six genes in Mycobacterium ulcerans that have high potential of therapeutic targeting. We focus our analysis on a combined in silico and comparative sequence study of potential RNA secondary structure across these genes. The result of this work was the comprehensive local RNA structural landscape across each of these significant genes. This revealed multiple sites of ordered and evolved RNA structure interspersed between sequences that either have no bias for structure or, indeed, appear to be ordered to be unstructured and (potentially) accessible. In addition to providing data that could be of interest to basic biology, our results provide guides for efforts aimed at targeting this pathogen at the RNA level. We explore this latter possibility through the in silico analysis of antisense oligonucleotides that could potentially be used to target pathogen RNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Warren B. Rouse
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jessica Gart
- Science and Engineering Research Program (SERP), Staten Island Technical High School, Staten Island, NY, United States
| | - Lauren Peysakhova
- Science and Engineering Research Program (SERP), Staten Island Technical High School, Staten Island, NY, United States
| | - Walter N. Moss
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- CORRESPONDENCE: Walter N. Moss,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chavda VP, Haritopoulou-Sinanidou M, Bezbaruah R, Apostolopoulos V. Vaccination efforts for Buruli Ulcer. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1419-1428. [PMID: 35962475 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2113514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Buruli ulcer is one of the most common mycobacterial diseases usually affecting poorer populations in tropical and subtropical environments. This disease, caused by M. ulcerans infection, has devastating effects for patients, with significant health and economic burden. Antibiotics are often used to treat affected individuals, but in most cases, surgery is necessary. AREA COVERED We present progress on Buruli ulcer vaccines and identify knowledge gaps in this neglected tropical disease. EXPERT OPINION The lack of appropriate infrastructure in endemic areas, as well as the severity of symptoms and lack of non-invasive treatment options, highlights the need for an effective vaccine to combat this disease. In terms of humoral immunity, it is vital to consider its significance and the magnitude to which it inhibits or slowdowns the progression of the disease. Only by answering these key questions will it be possible to tailor more appropriate vaccination and preventative provisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - Rajashri Bezbaruah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Immunology and Translational Research Group, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Immunology Program, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gyamfi E, Dogbe MA, Quaye C, Affouda AA, Kyei-Baffour E, Awuku-Asante D, Sarpong-Duah M, Mosi L. Variable Number Tandem Repeat Profiling of Mycobacterium ulcerans Reveals New Genotypes in Buruli Ulcer Endemic Communities in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:872579. [PMID: 35814673 PMCID: PMC9262091 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.872579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Buruli ulcer (BU), a necrotic skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is mainly prevalent in West Africa, but cases have also been reported in other tropical parts of the world. It is the second most common mycobacterial disease after tuberculosis in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire. Heterogeneity among M. ulcerans from different geographical locations has not been clearly elucidated, and some studies seem to suggest genetic differences between M. ulcerans in humans and in the environment. This study aimed at identifying genetic differences among M. ulcerans strains between two BU endemic countries: Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire. Clinical samples consisting of swabs, fine needle aspirates, and tissue biopsies of suspected BU lesions and environmental samples (e.g., water, biofilms from plants, soil, and detrital material) were analyzed. BU cases were confirmed via acid fast staining and PCR targeting the 16S rRNA, IS2404, IS2606, and ER domain genes present on M. ulcerans. Heterogeneity among M. ulcerans was determined through VNTR profiling targeting 10 loci. Eleven M. ulcerans genotypes were identified within the clinical samples in both Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire, whiles six M. ulcerans genotypes were found among the environmental samples. Clinical M. ulcerans genotypes C, D, F, and G were common in both countries. Genotype E was unique among the Ghanaian samples, whiles genotypes A, Z, J, and K were unique to the Ivorian samples. Environmental isolates were found to be more conserved compared with the clinical isolates. Genotype W was observed only among the Ghanaian environmental samples. Genotype D was found to be prominent in both clinical and environmental samples, suggesting evidence of possible transmission of M. ulcerans from the environment, particularly water bodies and biofilms from aquatic plants, to humans through open lesions on the skin.
Collapse
|
20
|
Orujyan D, Narinyan W, Rangarajan S, Rangchaikul P, Prasad C, Saviola B, Venketaraman V. Protective Efficacy of BCG Vaccine against Mycobacterium leprae and Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Infections. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030390. [PMID: 35335022 PMCID: PMC8952781 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus mycobacterium includes several species that are known to cause infections in humans. The microorganisms are classified into tuberculous and non-tuberculous based on their morphological characteristics, defined by the dynamic relationship between the host defenses and the infectious agent. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) include all the species of mycobacterium other than the ones that cause tuberculosis (TB). The group of NTM contains almost 200 different species and they are found in soil, water, animals—both domestic and wild—milk and food products, and from plumbed water resources such as sewers and showerhead sprays. A systematic review of Medline between 1946 and 2014 showed an 81% decline in TB incidence rates with a simultaneous 94% increase in infections caused by NTM. Prevalence of infections due to NTM has increased relative to infections caused by TB owing to the stringent prevention and control programs in Western countries such as the USA and Canada. While the spread of typical mycobacterial infections such as TB and leprosy involves human contact, NTM seem to spread easily from the environment without the risk of acquiring from a human contact except in the case of M. abscessus in patients with cystic fibrosis, where human transmission as well as transmission through fomites and aerosols has been recorded. NTM are opportunistic in their infectious processes, making immunocompromised individuals such as those with other systemic infections such as HIV, immunodeficiencies, pulmonary disease, or usage of medications such as long-term corticosteroids/TNF-α inhibitors more susceptible. This review provides insight on pathogenesis, treatment, and BCG vaccine efficacy against M. leprae and some important NTM infections.
Collapse
|
21
|
Receveur JP, Bauer A, Pechal JL, Picq S, Dogbe M, Jordan HR, Rakestraw AW, Fast K, Sandel M, Chevillon C, Guégan JF, Wallace JR, Benbow ME. A need for null models in understanding disease transmission: the example of Mycobacterium ulcerans (Buruli ulcer disease). FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:fuab045. [PMID: 34468735 PMCID: PMC8767449 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the interactions of ecosystems, humans and pathogens is important for disease risk estimation. This is particularly true for neglected and newly emerging diseases where modes and efficiencies of transmission leading to epidemics are not well understood. Using a model for other emerging diseases, the neglected tropical skin disease Buruli ulcer (BU), we systematically review the literature on transmission of the etiologic agent, Mycobacterium ulcerans (MU), within a One Health/EcoHealth framework and against Hill's nine criteria and Koch's postulates for making strong inference in disease systems. Using this strong inference approach, we advocate a null hypothesis for MU transmission and other understudied disease systems. The null should be tested against alternative vector or host roles in pathogen transmission to better inform disease management. We propose a re-evaluation of what is necessary to identify and confirm hosts, reservoirs and vectors associated with environmental pathogen replication, dispersal and transmission; critically review alternative environmental sources of MU that may be important for transmission, including invertebrate and vertebrate species, plants and biofilms on aquatic substrates; and conclude with placing BU within the context of other neglected and emerging infectious diseases with intricate ecological relationships that lead to disease in humans, wildlife and domestic animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Receveur
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Alexandra Bauer
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jennifer L Pechal
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sophie Picq
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Magdalene Dogbe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - Heather R Jordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - Alex W Rakestraw
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, The University of West Alabama, Livingston, AL, USA
| | - Kayla Fast
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, The University of West Alabama, Livingston, AL, USA
| | - Michael Sandel
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, The University of West Alabama, Livingston, AL, USA
| | - Christine Chevillon
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs : Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-François Guégan
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs : Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement, Montpellier, France
- UMR Animal, santé, territoires, risques et écosystèmes, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (Cirad), Université de Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France
| | - John R Wallace
- Department of Biology, Millersville University, Millersville, PA, USA
| | - M Eric Benbow
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Ecology, Evolution and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- AgBioResearch, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Boccarossa A, Degnonvi H, Brou TY, Robbe-Saule M, Esnault L, Boucaud Y, Eveillard M, Gnimavo R, Hounsou S, Djenontin A, Johnson CR, Fleuret S, Marion E. A combined field study of Buruli ulcer disease in southeast Benin proposing preventive strategies based on epidemiological, geographic, behavioural and environmental analyses. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000095. [PMID: 36962132 PMCID: PMC10021984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Buruli ulcer is a neglected tropical disease caused by M. ulcerans, an environmental mycobacterium. This cutaneous infectious disease affects populations with poor access to sanitation, safe water and healthcare living in rural areas of West and Central Africa. Stagnant open bodies of surface water and slow-running streams are the only risk factor identified in Africa, and there is no human-to-human transmission. Appropriate and effective prevention strategies are required for populations living in endemic areas. Based on a multidisciplinary approach in an area in which Buruli ulcer is endemic in South Benin, we investigated the link between all human-environment interactions relating to unprotected water and behaviors associated with Buruli ulcer risk likely to affect incidence rates. We characterised the sources of water as well as water bodies and streams used by communities, by conducting a prospective case-control study directly coupled with geographic field observations, spatial analysis, and the detection of M. ulcerans in the environment. A full list of the free surface waters used for domestic activities was generated for a set of 34 villages, and several types of human behaviour associated with a higher risk of transmission were identified: (i) prolonged walking in water to reach cultivated fields, (ii) collecting water, (iii) and swimming. Combining the results of the different analyses identified the risk factor most strongly associated with Buruli ulcer was the frequency of contact with unprotected and natural water, particularly in regularly flooded or irrigated lowlands. We confirm that the use of clean water from drilled wells confers protection against Buruli ulcer. These specific and refined results provide a broader scope for the design of an appropriate preventive strategy including certain practices or infrastructures observed during our field investigations. This strategy could be improved by the addition of knowledge about irrigation practices and agricultural work in low-lying areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Boccarossa
- Univ Angers, Inserm, CRCINA, Angers, France
- Univ Angers, CNRS, ESO, Angers, France
| | - Horace Degnonvi
- Univ Angers, Inserm, CRCINA, Angers, France
- University Abomey Calavi, Cifred, Benin
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Saturnin Hounsou
- University Abomey Calavi, Cifred, Benin
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey Calavi, Benin
| | - Armel Djenontin
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey Calavi, Benin
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Timothy JWS, Pullan RL, Yotsu RR. Methods and Approaches for Buruli Ulcer Surveillance in Africa: Lessons Learnt and Future Directions. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2387:87-102. [PMID: 34643905 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1779-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Over 95% of the global burden of Buruli ulcer disease (BU) caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans occurs in equatorial Africa. National and sub-national programs have implemented various approaches to improve detection and reporting of incident cases over recent decades. Regional incidence rates are currently in decline; however, surveillance targets outlined in 2012 by WHO have been missed and detection bias may contribute to these trends. In light of the new 2030 NTD roadmap and disease-specific targets, BU programs are required to strengthen case detection and begin a transition towards integration with other skin-NTDs. This transition comes with new opportunities to enhance existing BU surveillance systems and develop novel approaches for implementation and evaluation.In this review, we present a breakdown and assessment of the methods and approaches that have been the pillars of BU surveillance systems in Africa: (1) Passive case detection, (2) Data systems, (3) Clinical training, (4) Active case finding, (5) Burden estimation, and (6) Laboratory confirmation pathways. We discuss successes, challenges, and relevant case studies before highlighting opportunities for future development and evaluation including novel data collection tools, risk-based surveillance, and integrated skin-NTD surveillance. We draw on both experience and available literature to critically evaluate methods of BU surveillance in Africa and highlight new approaches to help achieve 2030 roadmap targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W S Timothy
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rachel L Pullan
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rie R Yotsu
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
- Department of Dermatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Faber WR, Menke H, Rutten V, Pieters T. Lepra Bubalorum, a Potential Reservoir of Mycobacterium leprae. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:786921. [PMID: 34925294 PMCID: PMC8674755 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.786921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1926, a mycobacterial skin disease was observed in water buffaloes by researchers in Indonesia. The disease was designated as skin tuberculosis, though it was hypothesized that it might be a form of leprosy or a leprosy-like disease. In a follow-up study (Ph.D. thesis Lobel, 1934, Utrecht University, Netherlands) a similar nodular skin disease was described in Indonesian water buffaloes and named "lepra bubalorum" or "nodular leprosy." Two decades later Kraneveld and Roza (1954) reported that, so far, the diagnosis lepra bubalorum had been made in 146 cases in Indonesia. After a final series of research reports by Indonesian veterinarians in 1961, no subsequent cases were published. Based on information from these reports, it can be concluded that, even though evidence of nerve involvement in buffaloes was not reported, similarities exist between lepra bubalorum and Hansen's disease (leprosy), i.e., nodular skin lesions with a chronic course and microscopically granulomatous reactions with AFB in globi in vacuoles. This raises the question as to whether these historical cases might indeed have been caused by Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium lepromatosis or another representative of the M. leprae complex. The future use of state-of-the-art molecular techniques may answer this question and may also help to answer the question whether water buffaloes should be considered as a potential natural reservoir of the causative pathogen of Hansen's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William R Faber
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henk Menke
- Faculty of Science, Freudenthal Institute, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Victor Rutten
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Toine Pieters
- Faculty of Science, Freudenthal Institute, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Linking the Mycobacterium ulcerans environment to Buruli ulcer disease: Progress and challenges. One Health 2021; 13:100311. [PMID: 34485670 PMCID: PMC8403752 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Buruli ulcer (BU), the second most common mycobacterial disease in West Africa, is a necrotizing skin disease that can lead to high morbidity in affected patients. The disease is caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans (MU), whose major virulence factor is mycolactone. Although early infection can be treated with antibiotics, an effective preventative strategy is challenging due to unknown reservoir(s) and unresolved mode(s) of transmission. Further, disease occurrence in remote locations with limited access to health facilities further complicates disease burden and associated costs. We discuss here MU transmission hypotheses and investigations into environmental reservoirs and discuss successes and challenges of studying MU and Buruli ulcer across human, animal, and environmental interfaces. We argue that a One Health approach is needed to advance the understanding of MU transmission and designing management scenarios that prevent and respond to epidemics. Although previous work has provided significant insights into risk factors, epidemiology and clinical perspectives of disease, understanding the bacterial ecology, environmental niches and role of mycolactone in natural environments and during infection of the human host remains equally important to better understanding and preventing this mysterious disease.
Collapse
|
26
|
Muleta AJ, Lappan R, Stinear TP, Greening C. Understanding the transmission of Mycobacterium ulcerans: A step towards controlling Buruli ulcer. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009678. [PMID: 34437549 PMCID: PMC8389476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium ulcerans is the causative agent of Buruli ulcer, a rare but chronic debilitating skin and soft tissue disease found predominantly in West Africa and Southeast Australia. While a moderate body of research has examined the distribution of M. ulcerans, the specific route(s) of transmission of this bacterium remain unknown, hindering control efforts. M. ulcerans is considered an environmental pathogen given it is associated with lentic ecosystems and human-to-human spread is negligible. However, the pathogen is also carried by various mammals and invertebrates, which may serve as key reservoirs and mechanical vectors, respectively. Here, we examine and review recent evidence from these endemic regions on potential transmission pathways, noting differences in findings between Africa and Australia, and summarising the risk and protective factors associated with Buruli ulcer transmission. We also discuss evidence suggesting that environmental disturbance and human population changes precede outbreaks. We note five key research priorities, including adoption of One Health frameworks, to resolve transmission pathways and inform control strategies to reduce the spread of Buruli ulcer. Buruli ulcer is a debilitating skin and soft tissue disease characterised by large ulcerative wounds that are treated with antibiotics or with adjunctive surgery for advanced cases. Found predominantly in West Africa and Southeast Australia, the causative agent is the environmental bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans. Lack of understanding of transmission pathways, combined with the absence of a vaccine, has hindered efforts to control the spread of M. ulcerans. Here, in order to identify probable transmission pathways and inform future studies, we review literature linking M. ulcerans to environmental reservoirs, mammalian hosts, and potential invertebrate vectors. We also summarise factors and behaviours that reduce the risk of developing Buruli ulcer, to inform effective prevention strategies and further shed light on transmission pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Muleta
- Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Rachael Lappan
- Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Timothy P. Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chris Greening
- Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Coudereau C, Besnard A, Robbe-Saule M, Bris C, Kempf M, Johnson RC, Brou TY, Gnimavo R, Eyangoh S, Khater F, Marion E. Stable and Local Reservoirs of Mycobacterium ulcerans Inferred from the Nonrandom Distribution of Bacterial Genotypes, Benin. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 26:491-503. [PMID: 32091371 PMCID: PMC7045821 DOI: 10.3201/eid2603.190573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium ulcerans is the causative agent of Buruli ulcer, a neglected tropical disease found in rural areas of West and Central Africa. Despite the ongoing efforts to tackle Buruli ulcer epidemics, the environmental reservoir of its pathogen remains elusive, underscoring the need for new approaches to improving disease prevention and management. In our study, we implemented a local-scale spatial clustering model and deciphered the genetic diversity of the bacteria in a small area of Benin where Buruli ulcer is endemic. Using 179 strain samples from West Africa, we conducted a phylogeographic analysis combining whole-genome sequencing with spatial scan statistics. The 8 distinct genotypes we identified were by no means randomly spread over the studied area. Instead, they were divided into 3 different geographic clusters, associated with landscape characteristics. Our results highlight the ability of M. ulcerans to evolve independently and differentially depending on location in a specific ecologic reservoir.
Collapse
|
28
|
Fevereiro J, Fraga AG, Pedrosa J. Genetics in the Host-Mycobacterium ulcerans interaction. Immunol Rev 2021; 301:222-241. [PMID: 33682158 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Buruli ulcer is an emerging infectious disease associated with high morbidity and unpredictable outbreaks. It is caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, a slow-growing pathogen evolutionarily shaped by the acquisition of a plasmid involved in the production of a potent macrolide-like cytotoxin and by genome rearrangements and downsizing. These events culminated in an uncommon infection pattern, whereby M. ulcerans is both able to induce the initiation of the inflammatory cascade and the cell death of its proponents, as well as to survive within the phagosome and in the extracellular milieu. In such extreme conditions, the host is sentenced to rely on a highly orchestrated genetic landscape to be able to control the infection. We here revisit the dynamics of M. ulcerans infection, drawing parallels from other mycobacterioses and integrating the most recent knowledge on its evolution and pathogenicity in its interaction with the host immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Fevereiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Alexandra G Fraga
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jorge Pedrosa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Simpson H, Tabah EN, Phillips RO, Frimpong M, Maman I, Ampadu E, Timothy J, Saunderson P, Pullan RL, Cano J. Mapping suitability for Buruli ulcer at fine spatial scales across Africa: A modelling study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009157. [PMID: 33657104 PMCID: PMC7959670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Buruli ulcer (BU) is a disabling and stigmatising neglected tropical disease (NTD). Its distribution and burden are unknown because of underdiagnosis and underreporting. It is caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, an environmental pathogen whose environmental niche and transmission routes are not fully understood. The main control strategy is active surveillance to promote early treatment and thus limit morbidity, but these activities are mostly restricted to well-known endemic areas. A better understanding of environmental suitability for the bacterium and disease could inform targeted surveillance, and advance understanding of the ecology and burden of BU. We used previously compiled point-level datasets of BU and M. ulcerans occurrence, evidence for BU occurrence within national and sub-national areas, and a suite of relevant environmental covariates in a distribution modelling framework. We fitted relationships between BU and M. ulcerans occurrence and environmental predictors by applying regression and machine learning based algorithms, combined in an ensemble model to characterise the optimal ecological niche for the disease and bacterium across Africa at a resolution of 5km x 5km. Proximity to waterbodies was the strongest predictor of suitability for BU, followed potential evapotranspiration. The strongest predictors of suitability for M. ulcerans were deforestation and potential evapotranspiration. We identified patchy foci of suitability throughout West and Central Africa, including areas with no previous evidence of the disease. Predicted suitability for M. ulcerans was wider but overlapping with that of BU. The estimated population living in areas predicted suitable for the bacterium and disease was 46.1 million. These maps could be used to inform burden estimations and case searches which would generate a more complete understanding of the spatial distribution of BU in Africa, and may guide control programmes to identify cases beyond the well-known endemic areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hope Simpson
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Earnest Njih Tabah
- National Yaws, Leishmaniasis, Leprosy and Buruli ulcer Control Programme, Cameroon
| | - Richard O. Phillips
- School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Michael Frimpong
- School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Issaka Maman
- National Reference Laboratory for Buruli Ulcer Disease in Togo, Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA), Laboratoire des Sciences Biologiques et des Substances Bioactives, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Edwin Ampadu
- National Buruli Ulcer Control Program, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joseph Timothy
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Saunderson
- Accelerating Integrated Management (AIM) Initiative, Accra, Ghana
| | - Rachel L. Pullan
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Cano
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Demangel C. Immunity against Mycobacterium ulcerans: The subversive role of mycolactone. Immunol Rev 2021; 301:209-221. [PMID: 33607704 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium ulcerans causes Buruli ulcer, a neglected tropical skin disease manifesting as chronic wounds that can leave victims with major, life-long deformity and disability. Differently from other mycobacterial pathogens, M ulcerans produces mycolactone, a diffusible lipid factor with unique cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties. Both traits result from mycolactone targeting Sec61, the entry point of the secretory pathway in eukaryotic cells. By inhibiting Sec61, mycolactone prevents the host cell's production of secreted proteins, and most of its transmembrane proteins. This molecular blockade dramatically alters the functions of immune cells, thereby the generation of protective immunity. Moreover, sustained inhibition of Sec61 triggers proteotoxic stress responses leading to apoptotic cell death, which can stimulate vigorous immune responses. The dynamics of bacterial production of mycolactone and elimination by infected hosts thus critically determine the balance between its immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects. Following an introduction summarizing the essential information on Buruli ulcer disease, this review focuses on the current state of knowledge regarding mycolactone's regulation and biodistribution. We then detail the consequences of mycolactone-mediated Sec61 blockade on initiation and maintenance of innate and adaptive immune responses. Finally, we discuss the key questions to address in order to improve immunity to M ulcerans, and how increased knowledge of mycolactone biology may pave the way to innovative therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Demangel
- Immunobiology of Infection Unit, INSERM U1221, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Translocating Mycobacterium ulcerans: An experimental model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230544. [PMID: 33378325 PMCID: PMC7773229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium ulcerans is a non-tuberculous environmental mycobacterium responsible for extensive cutaneous and subcutaneous ulcers in mammals, known as Buruli ulcer in humans. M. ulcerans has seldom been detected in the faeces of mammals and has not been detected in human faeces. Nevertheless, the detection and isolation of M. ulcerans in animal faeces does not fit with the current epidemiological schemes for the disease. Here, using an experimental model in which rats were fed with 109 colony-forming units of M. ulcerans, we detected M. ulcerans DNA in the faeces of challenged rats for two weeks and along their digestive tract for 10 days. M. ulcerans DNA was further detected in the lymphatic system including in the cervical and axillary lymph nodes and the spleen, but not in any other tissue including healthy and broken skin, 10 days post-challenge. These observations indicate that in some herbivorous mammals, M. ulcerans contamination by the digestive route may precede translocation and limited contamination of the lymphatic tissues without systemic infection. These herbivorous mammals may be sources of M. ulcerans for exposed populations but are unlikely to be reservoirs for the pathogen.
Collapse
|
32
|
Abdul-Karim A, Schroeder LF. Inadequate Capacity to Diagnose Cutaneous Infections in Ghana: Extensive Skin Ulceration in a 28-Year-Old Man in the Northern Region. J Appl Lab Med 2020; 6:298-303. [PMID: 33347587 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfaa216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abass Abdul-Karim
- Ghana Health Services, Zonal Public Health Laboratory, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Lee F Schroeder
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Vandelannoote K, Pluschke G, Bolz M, Bratschi MW, Kerber S, Stinear TP, de Jong BC. Introduction of Mycobacterium ulcerans disease in the Bankim Health District of Cameroon follows damming of the Mapé River. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008501. [PMID: 32886658 PMCID: PMC7473558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Buruli ulcer (BU) is an emerging ulcerative skin disease caused by infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans. Efforts to control its spread have been hampered by our limited understanding of M. ulcerans reservoirs and transmission, and the factors leading to the emergence of BU disease in a particular region. In this report we investigate an anecdotal link between damming the Mapé River in Cameroon and the emergence of BU in the Health Districts bordering Lake Bankim, the impoundment created by the Mapé dam. We used bacterial population genomics and molecular dating to find compelling support for a 2000 M. ulcerans introduction event that followed about 10 years after the filling of the newly created impoundment in 1988. We compared the genomic reconstructions with high-resolution satellite imagery to investigate what major environmental alterations might have driven the emergence of the new focus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koen Vandelannoote
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gerd Pluschke
- Molecular Immunology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Bolz
- Molecular Immunology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin W. Bratschi
- Molecular Immunology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Kerber
- Molecular Immunology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timothy P. Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bouke C. de Jong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Menlah A, Appiah EO, Boahemaa MK. Experiences of Buruli Ulcer Patients Following Discharge in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2020; 21:303-311. [PMID: 32856525 DOI: 10.1177/1534734620939528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Buruli ulcer (BU) is one of the skin diseases that causes physical deformity, loss of function of the affected part, social stigmatization, and financial burden to individuals affected. Annually, an approximated 6000 cases of BU are reported worldwide especially from West Africa, Central Africa, and Asia. The aim of the study was to assess the experiences of BU patients in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana following discharge from the hospital. The study employed a qualitative descriptive phenomenological approach using snowballing sampling technique to sample 15 participants from the Greater Accra Region of Ghana who have been treated and discharged home. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews that was later transcribed and coded using qualitative content analysis. Findings from this study revealed that individuals with BU goes through several challenges during admission and after discharge including feeling of embarrassment, financially handicapped, and marital conflicts. The study concluded that BU has not been totally eradicated from the country, hence must be given the attention it deserves to help individuals cope better.
Collapse
|
35
|
The diversity of mycolactone-producing mycobacteria. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104362. [PMID: 32702376 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mycolactone-producing mycobacteria (MPM) form an intriguing group of environmental opportunistic pathogens of mammals and human patients in whom they cause cutaneous and subcutaneous ulcers known as "Buruli ulcer" when they occur in humans. We reviewed whole genome sequence data and ecological and phenotypic characteristics from 44 MPMs and closely related Mycobacterium marinum. This analysis indicated that all the 24 M. marinum isolates were delineated into seven taxa and our comprehensive, polyphasic taxonomic approach led to the proposal of delineating M. marinum genomospecies, 01-07. Likewise, 20 MPMs isolates were delineated into seven additional M. ulcerans genomospecies, 01-07. A taxonomic card explaining the ecology, hosts of isolation and the plasmid harboured is provided for each taxon.
Collapse
|
36
|
Hussan JR, Hunter PJ. Our natural "makeup" reveals more than it hides: Modeling the skin and its microbiome. WIREs Mech Dis 2020; 13:e1497. [PMID: 32539232 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Skin is our primary interface with the environment. A structurally and functionally complex organ that hosts a dynamic ecosystem of microbes, and synthesizes many compounds that affect our well-being and psychosocial interactions. It is a natural platform of signal exchange between internal organs, skin resident microbes, and the environment. These interactions have gained a great deal of attention due to the increased prevalence of atopic diseases, and the co-occurrence of multiple allergic diseases related to allergic sensitization in early life. Despite significant advances in experimentally characterizing the skin, its microbial ecology, and disease phenotypes, high-levels of variability in these characteristics even for the same clinical phenotype are observed. Addressing this variability and resolving the relevant biological processes requires a systems approach. This review presents some of our current understanding of the skin, skin-immune, skin-neuroendocrine, skin-microbiome interactions, and computer-based modeling approaches to simulate this ecosystem in the context of health and disease. The review highlights the need for a systems-based understanding of this sophisticated ecosystem. This article is categorized under: Infectious Diseases > Computational Models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagir R Hussan
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter J Hunter
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sexton-Oates NK, Stewardson AJ, Yerramilli A, Johnson PDR. Does skin surface temperature variation account for Buruli ulcer lesion distribution? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0007732. [PMID: 32310955 PMCID: PMC7192506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Buruli ulcer is a necrotising infection of skin and soft tissue caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans (M. ulcerans). Buruli ulcer most often occurs on limbs, and it is hypothesized this is explained by direct exposure to the environment. However, even on exposed areas Buruli ulcer is not randomly distributed. M. ulcerans prefers an in vitro temperature of 30–33°C and growth is inhibited at higher temperatures. This study investigated whether variations in skin surface temperature distribution in healthy volunteers could partly account for Buruli ulcer lesion distribution. Methodology/Principal findings In this observational study, a thermal camera (FLIR E8) was used to measure skin surface temperature at the sternal notch and at 44 predetermined locations on the limbs of 18 human participants. Body locations of high, middle and low Buruli ulcer incidence were identified from existing density maps of lesion distribution. Skin temperature of the three incidence location groups were compared, and differences in age and sex groups were also analysed. We found an inverse relationship between skin temperature and lesion distribution, where high incidence locations were significantly cooler and low incidence locations significantly warmer (Kruskal-Wallis test p<0.0001). Linear mixed effects regression analysis estimated that skin surface temperature accounts for 22.0% of the variance in Buruli ulcer lesion distribution (marginal R-squared = 0.219) in the anterior location group, and 0.6% in the posterior group (marginal R-squared 0.006). Men had warmer upper and lower limbs than females (Mann-Whitney U test p = 0.0003 and p<0.0001 respectively). Conclusions/Significance We have found an inverse relationship between skin temperature and Buruli ulcer lesion distribution, however this association is weak. Additional unknown factors are likely to be involved that explain the majority of the variation in Buruli lesion distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola K. Sexton-Oates
- Department of Medicine, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (NKSO); (PDRJ)
| | - Andrew J. Stewardson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arvind Yerramilli
- Department of General Medicine, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul D. R. Johnson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (NKSO); (PDRJ)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Structural basis and designing of peptide vaccine using PE-PGRS family protein of Mycobacterium ulcerans—An integrated vaccinomics approach. Mol Immunol 2020; 120:146-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
39
|
Fevereiro J, Sajjadi N, Fraga AG, Teixeira PM, Pedrosa J. Individual and clinical variables associated with the risk of Buruli ulcer acquisition: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008161. [PMID: 32267838 PMCID: PMC7170268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Buruli ulcer (BU) is a necrotizing skin disease, caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, with poorly understood acquisition risk factors. This review aims at evaluating the importance of individual-sex, age, family ties with history of BU, gene variants-and clinical-Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunization, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection-variables in this process. METHODS A systematic review was performed considering the following databases: ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL), Current Contents Connect, Embase, MEDLINE, SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science. Eligible studies were critically appraised with The Joanna Briggs Institute checklists and heterogeneity was assessed with Cochran Q-test and I2 statistic. Published demographic data was descriptively analysed and clinical data pooled within random-effects modelling for meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 29 studies were included in the systematic review. Two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 21 case-control studies were selected for meta-analysis. Studies show that BU mainly affects age extremes, more preponderately males among children. Data pooled from RCTs do not reveal BCG to be protective against BU (odds ratio (OR) = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.38-1.05; I2 = 56%), a finding case-control studies appear to corroborate. HIV infection (OR = 6.80; 95% CI = 2.33-19.85; I2 = 0%) and SLC11A1 rs17235409 A allele (OR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.25-2.77; I2 = 0%) are associated with increased prevalence of the disease. No definite conclusions can be drawn regarding the influence of previous family history of BU. DISCUSSION While available evidence warrants further robustness, these results have direct implications on current interventions and future research programs, and foster the development of more cost-effective preventive and screening measures. REGISTRATION The study was registered at PROSPERO with number CRD42019123611.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Fevereiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nikta Sajjadi
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Alexandra G. Fraga
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro M. Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jorge Pedrosa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Coudereau C, Besnard A, Robbe-Saule M, Bris C, Kempf M, Johnson RC, Brou TY, Gnimavo R, Eyangoh S, Khater F, Marion E. Stable and Local Reservoirs of Mycobacterium ulcerans Inferred from the Nonrandom Distribution of Bacterial Genotypes, Benin. Emerg Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.3201/eid2503.190573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
41
|
Pereira de Oliveira R, Hutet E, Paboeuf F, Duhayon M, Boinas F, Perez de Leon A, Filatov S, Vial L, Le Potier MF. Comparative vector competence of the Afrotropical soft tick Ornithodoros moubata and Palearctic species, O. erraticus and O. verrucosus, for African swine fever virus strains circulating in Eurasia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225657. [PMID: 31774871 PMCID: PMC6881060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs and wild suids caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), which threatens the swine industry globally. In its native African enzootic foci, ASFV is naturally circulating between soft ticks of the genus Ornithodoros, especially in the O. moubata group, and wild reservoir suids, such as warthogs (Phacochoerus spp.) that are bitten by infected soft ticks inhabiting their burrows. While the ability of some Afrotropical soft ticks to transmit and maintain ASFV is well established, the vector status of Palearctic soft tick species for ASFV strains currently circulating in Eurasia remains largely unknown. For example, the Iberian soft tick O. erraticus is a known vector and reservoir of ASFV, but its ability to transmit different ASFV strains has not been assessed since ASF re-emerged in Europe in 2007. Little is known about vector competence for ASFV in other species, such as O. verrucosus, which occurs in southern parts of Eastern Europe, including Ukraine and parts of Russia, and in the Caucasus. Therefore, we conducted transmission trials with two Palearctic soft tick species, O. erraticus and O. verrucosus, and the Afrotropical species O. moubata. We tested the ability of ticks to transmit virulent ASFV strains, including one of direct African origin (Liv13/33), and three from Eurasia that had been involved in previous (OurT88/1), and the current epizooties (Georgia2007/1 and Ukr12/Zapo). Our experimental results showed that O. moubata was able to transmit the African and Eurasian ASFV strains, whereas O. erraticus and O. verrucosus failed to transmit the Eurasian ASFV strains. However, naïve pigs showed clinical signs of ASF when inoculated with homogenates of crushed O. erraticus and O. verrucosus ticks that fed on viraemic pigs, which proved the infectiousness of ASFV contained in the ticks. These results documented that O. erraticus and O. verrucosus are unlikely to be capable vectors of ASFV strains currently circulating in Eurasia. Additionally, the persistence of infection in soft ticks for several months reaffirms that the infectious status of a given tick species is only part of the data required to assess its vector competence for ASFV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Pereira de Oliveira
- Swine Virology and Immunology Unit, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
- UMR ASTRE Animal Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Evelyne Hutet
- Swine Virology and Immunology Unit, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Frédéric Paboeuf
- Swine Virology and Immunology Unit, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Maxime Duhayon
- UMR ASTRE Animal Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, France
| | - Fernando Boinas
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Adalberto Perez de Leon
- Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory and Veterinary Pest Genomics Center, USDA-ARS, Kerrville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Serhii Filatov
- National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, NSC IECVM), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Laurence Vial
- UMR ASTRE Animal Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Frédérique Le Potier
- Swine Virology and Immunology Unit, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Evaluation of Buruli Ulcer Disease Surveillance System in the Ga West Municipality, Ghana, 2011-2015. J Trop Med 2019; 2019:4721236. [PMID: 31781253 PMCID: PMC6875329 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4721236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Buruli ulcer (BU) is one of the most neglected tropical diseases caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. M. ulcerans infection may manifest initially as a pre-ulcerative nodule, a plaque, or oedema which breaks down to form characteristic ulcers with undermined edges. The Ga West Municipality is an endemic area for Buruli ulcer, and we evaluated the BU surveillance system to determine whether the system is meeting its objectives and to assess its attributes. Materials and Methods We used a checklist based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) updated surveillance evaluation guidelines, 2006. We reviewed records and dataset on Buruli ulcer for the period 2011–2015. The evaluation was carried out at the national, regional, district, and community levels using the Ga West Municipality of the Greater Accra Region as a study site. Interviews with key stakeholders at the various levels were done using an interview guide, and observations were done with a checklist. Data were entered and analyzed using Epi info 7. Results A total of 594 cases of Buruli ulcer were reported from 2011 to 2015 in Ga West. The number of confirmed cases decreased from 109 in 2011 to 17 in 2015. The system was useful, fairly simple, flexible, representative, and fairly acceptable. The system was sensitive with a PVP of 45.3%. Although the data quality was good with 85% of case report forms completed, there was under-reporting (3.6%), some discrepancies of data at the district, regional, and national levels. The system was moderately stable, and timeliness of reporting was 30.7%. Conclusion The Buruli ulcer surveillance system is meeting its set objectives, and the data generated are used to reliably describe the epidemiologic situation and evaluate the results for actions and plan future interventions. There is a need for timely submission of data. We recommend that the National Buruli Ulcer Control Program (NBUCP) provides logistical support to treatment centres.
Collapse
|
43
|
Jagadesh S, Combe M, Couppié P, Le Turnier P, Epelboin L, Nacher M, Gozlan RE. Emerging human infectious diseases of aquatic origin: a comparative biogeographic approach using Bayesian spatial modelling. Int J Health Geogr 2019; 18:23. [PMID: 31694656 PMCID: PMC6833193 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-019-0188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increase in unprecedented and unpredictable disease outbreaks due to human-driven environmental changes in recent years, we need new analytical tools to map and predict the spatial distribution of emerging infectious diseases and identify the biogeographic drivers underpinning their emergence. The aim of the study was to identify and compare the local and global biogeographic predictors such as landscape and climate that determine the spatial structure of leptospirosis and Buruli Ulcer (BU). METHODS We obtained 232 hospital-confirmed leptospirosis (2007-2017) cases and 236 BU cases (1969-2017) in French Guiana. We performed non-spatial and spatial Bayesian regression modeling with landscape and climate predictor variables to characterize the spatial structure and the environmental drivers influencing the distribution of the two diseases. RESULTS Our results show that the distribution of both diseases is spatially dependent on environmental predictors such as elevation, topological wetness index, proximity to cropland and increasing minimum temperature at the month of potential infection. However, the spatial structure of the two diseases caused by bacterial pathogens occupying similar aquatic niche was different. Leptospirosis was widely distributed across the territory while BU was restricted to the coastal riverbeds. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that a biogeographic approach is an effective tool to identify, compare and predict the geographic distribution of emerging diseases at an ecological scale which are spatially dependent to environmental factors such as topography, land cover and climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soushieta Jagadesh
- ISEM, UMR226, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, IRD, EPHE, 34090, Montpellier, France.
- Equipe EPAT 3593 Ecosystèmes amazoniens et pathologie tropicale, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana.
| | - Marine Combe
- ISEM, UMR226, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, IRD, EPHE, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Couppié
- Equipe EPAT 3593 Ecosystèmes amazoniens et pathologie tropicale, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, av des Flamboyants, 97304, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Paul Le Turnier
- Unité des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, av des Flamboyants, 97304, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Loïc Epelboin
- Unité des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, av des Flamboyants, 97304, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Mathieu Nacher
- Equipe EPAT 3593 Ecosystèmes amazoniens et pathologie tropicale, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Centre d'investigation clinique (CIC Inserm 1424), Centre hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Avenue des Flamboyants, 97304, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Rodolphe Elie Gozlan
- ISEM, UMR226, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, IRD, EPHE, 34090, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
|
45
|
Rodríguez-Zúñiga MJM, Heath MS, Gontijo JRV, Ortega-Loayza AG. Pyoderma gangrenosum: a review with special emphasis on Latin America literature. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 94:729-743. [PMID: 31789268 PMCID: PMC6939079 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyoderma gangrenosum is a neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by chronic ulcers due to an abnormal immune response. Despite the existence of diagnostic criteria, there is no gold standard for diagnosis or treatment. In Latin America, recognizing and treating pyoderma gangrenosum is even more challenging since skin and soft tissue bacterial and non-bacterial infections are common mimickers. Therefore, this review aims to characterize reported cases of pyoderma gangrenosum in this region in order to assist in the assessment and management of this condition. Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, and Chile are the countries in Latin America that have reported the largest cohort of patients with this disease. The most frequent clinical presentation is the ulcerative form and the most frequently associated conditions are inflammatory bowel diseases, inflammatory arthropaties, and hematologic malignancies. The most common treatment modalities include systemic corticosteroids and cyclosporine. Other reported treatments are methotrexate, dapsone, and cyclophosphamide. Finally, the use of biological therapy is still limited in this region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael S Heath
- Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, United States
| | - João Renato Vianna Gontijo
- Adult Health Postgraduate Program, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alex G Ortega-Loayza
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Dupechez L, Carvalho P, Hebert V, Marsollier L, Eveillard M, Marion E, Kempf M. Senegal, a new potential endemic country for Buruli ulcer? Int J Infect Dis 2019; 89:128-130. [PMID: 31585214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium ulcerans is the causal agent of Buruli ulcer, a neglected tropical disease with cutaneous tropism. We report a case of Buruli ulcer in a patient who travelled in Senegal, a country not identified by the World Health Organization as being endemic for this disease. This case is the third case of Buruli ulcer reported as having been contracted in Senegal, showing the urgent need to develop data collection in this country by having an active community-based surveillance-response system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Dupechez
- Département de Dermatologie, Inserm U519, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | | | - Vivien Hebert
- Département de Dermatologie, Inserm U519, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Laurent Marsollier
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Matthieu Eveillard
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France; Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Institut de Biologie en Santé - PBH, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Estelle Marion
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Marie Kempf
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France; Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Institut de Biologie en Santé - PBH, CHU Angers, Angers, France.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
The Role of Landscape Configuration, Season, and Distance from Contaminant Sources on the Degradation of Stream Water Quality in Urban Catchments. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11102025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Water resources are threatened by many pollution sources. The harmful effects of pollution can be evaluated through biological indicators capable of tracing problems in life forms caused by the contaminants discharged into the streams. In the present study, the effects on stream water quality of landscape configuration, season, and distance from contaminant emissions of diffuse and point sources were accessed through the evaluation of a Portuguese macroinvertebrate index (IPtIN) in 12 observation points distributed within the studied area (Ave River Basin, Portugal). Partial least-squares path models (PLS-PMs) were used to set up cause–effect relationships between this index, various metrics adapted to forest, agriculture, and artificial areas, and the aforementioned emissions, considering 13 distances from the contaminant sources ranging from 100 m to 56 km. The PLS-PM models were applied to summer and winter data to explore seasonality effects. The results of PLS-PM exposed significant scale and seasonal effects. The harmful effects of artificial areas were visible for distances larger than 10 km. The impact of agriculture was also distance related, but in summer this influence was more evident. The forested areas could hold onto contamination mainly in the winter periods. The impact of diffuse contaminant emissions was stronger during summer, when accessed on a short distance. The impact of effluent discharges was small, compared to the influence of landscape metrics, and had a limited statistical significance. Overall, the PLS-PM results evidenced significant cause–effect relationships between land use metrics and stream water quality at 10 km or larger scales, regardless of the season. This result is valid for the studied catchment, but transposition to other similar catchments needs to be carefully verified given the limited, though available, number of observation points.
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
Whole-Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium ulcerans CSURP7741, a French Guianan Clinical Isolate. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:8/29/e00215-19. [PMID: 31320424 PMCID: PMC6639603 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00215-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Combined Nanopore and Illumina whole-genome sequencing of a French Guianan Mycobacterium ulcerans (Buruli ulcer agent) clinical isolate yielded a 5.12-Mbp genome with a 65.5% GC content, 5,215 protein-coding genes, and 51 predicted RNA genes. This publicly available M. ulcerans whole-genome sequence from a strain isolated in South America is closely related to M. ulcerans subsp. liflandii. Combined Nanopore and Illumina whole-genome sequencing of a French Guianan Mycobacterium ulcerans (Buruli ulcer agent) clinical isolate yielded a 5.12-Mbp genome with a 65.5% GC content, 5,215 protein-coding genes, and 51 predicted RNA genes. This publicly available M. ulcerans whole-genome sequence from a strain isolated in South America is closely related to M. ulcerans subsp. liflandii.
Collapse
|
50
|
Sanhueza D, Guégan JF, Jordan H, Chevillon C. Environmental Variations in Mycobacterium ulcerans Transcriptome: Absence of Mycolactone Expression in Suboptimal Environments. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E146. [PMID: 30836720 PMCID: PMC6468629 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11030146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Buruli ulcer is a neglected tropical infectious disease, produced by the environmentally persistent pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans (MU). Neither the ecological niche nor the exact mode of transmission of MU are completely elucidated. However, some environmental factors, such as the concentration in chitin and pH values, were reported to promote MU growth in vitro. We pursued this research using next generation sequencing (NGS) and mRNA sequencing to investigate potential changes in MU genomic expression profiles across in vitro environmental conditions known to be suitable for MU growth. Supplementing the growth culture medium in either chitin alone, calcium alone, or in both chitin and calcium significantly impacted the MU transcriptome and thus several metabolic pathways, such as, for instance, those involved in DNA synthesis or cell wall production. By contrast, some genes carried by the virulence plasmid and necessary for the production of the mycolactone toxin were expressed neither in control nor in any modified environments. We hypothesized that these genes are only expressed in stressful conditions. Our results describe important environmental determinants playing a role in the pathogenicity of MU, helping the understanding of its complex natural life cycle and encouraging further research using genomic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sanhueza
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, University Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France.
| | - Jean-François Guégan
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, University Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France.
- ASTRE, INRA, Cirad, University Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France.
| | - Heather Jordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|