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Assone T, Menezes SM, de Toledo Gonçalves F, Folgosi VA, da Silva Prates G, Dierckx T, Braz M, Smid J, Haziot ME, Marcusso RMN, Dahy FE, Vanderlinden E, Claes S, Schols D, Bruhn R, Murphy EL, Penalva de Oliveira AC, Daelemans D, Vercauteren J, Casseb J, Van Weyenbergh J. Systemic cytokines and GlycA discriminate disease status and predict corticosteroid response in HTLV-1-associated neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:293. [PMID: 36482436 PMCID: PMC9733207 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02658-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is an incapacitating neuroinflammatory disorder for which no disease-modifying therapy is available, but corticosteroids provide some clinical benefit. Although HAM/TSP pathogenesis is not fully elucidated, older age, female sex and higher proviral load are established risk factors. We investigated systemic cytokines and a novel chronic inflammatory marker, GlycA, as possible biomarkers of immunopathogenesis and therapeutic response in HAM/TSP, and examined their interaction with established risk factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS We recruited 110 People living with HTLV-1 (PLHTLV-1, 67 asymptomatic individuals and 43 HAM/TSP patients) with a total of 946 person-years of clinical follow-up. Plasma cytokine levels (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-γ, TNF) and GlycA were quantified by Cytometric Bead Array and 1NMR, respectively. Cytokine signaling and prednisolone response were validated in an independent cohort by nCounter digital transcriptomics. We used multivariable regression, machine learning algorithms and Bayesian network learning for biomarker identification. RESULTS We found that systemic IL-6 was positively correlated with both age (r = 0.50, p < 0.001) and GlycA (r = 0.45, p = 0.00049) in asymptomatics, revealing an 'inflammaging" signature which was absent in HAM/TSP. GlycA levels were higher in women (p = 0.0069), but cytokine levels did not differ between the sexes. IFN-γ (p = 0.007) and IL-17A (p = 0.0001) levels were increased in untreated HAM/TSP Multivariable logistic regression identified IL-17A and proviral load as independent determinants of clinical status, resulting in modest accuracy of predicting HAM/TSP status (64.1%), while a machine learning-derived decision tree classified HAM/TSP patients with 90.7% accuracy. Pre-treatment GlycA and TNF levels significantly predicted clinical worsening (measured by Osame Motor Disability Scale), independent of proviral load. In addition, a poor prednisolone response was significantly correlated with higher post-treatment IFN-γ levels. Likewise, a transcriptomic IFN signaling score, significantly correlated with previously proposed HAM/TSP biomarkers (CASP5/CXCL10/FCGR1A/STAT1), was efficiently blunted by in vitro prednisolone treatment of PBMC from PLHTLV-1 and incident HAM/TSP. CONCLUSIONS An age-related increase in systemic IL-6/GlycA levels reveals inflammaging in PLHTLV-1, in the absence of neurological disease. IFN-γ and IL-17A are biomarkers of untreated HAM/TSP, while pre-treatment GlycA and TNF predict therapeutic response to prednisolone pulse therapy, paving the way for a precision medicine approach in HAM/TSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Assone
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM 56, Division of Dermatology and Institute of Tropical Medicine of Sao Paulo, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunohematology and Forensic Hematology-LIM40, Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical Ethics, Social Medicine and Work, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Soraya Maria Menezes
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fernanda de Toledo Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM 56, Division of Dermatology and Institute of Tropical Medicine of Sao Paulo, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunohematology and Forensic Hematology-LIM40, Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical Ethics, Social Medicine and Work, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Angelo Folgosi
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM 56, Division of Dermatology and Institute of Tropical Medicine of Sao Paulo, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunohematology and Forensic Hematology-LIM40, Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical Ethics, Social Medicine and Work, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela da Silva Prates
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM 56, Division of Dermatology and Institute of Tropical Medicine of Sao Paulo, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunohematology and Forensic Hematology-LIM40, Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical Ethics, Social Medicine and Work, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tim Dierckx
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marcos Braz
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jerusa Smid
- Institute of Infectious Diseases "Emilio Ribas" (IIER) de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michel E Haziot
- Institute of Infectious Diseases "Emilio Ribas" (IIER) de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosa M N Marcusso
- Institute of Infectious Diseases "Emilio Ribas" (IIER) de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia E Dahy
- Institute of Infectious Diseases "Emilio Ribas" (IIER) de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Evelien Vanderlinden
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Claes
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roberta Bruhn
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Edward L Murphy
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Dirk Daelemans
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jurgen Vercauteren
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jorge Casseb
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM 56, Division of Dermatology and Institute of Tropical Medicine of Sao Paulo, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunohematology and Forensic Hematology-LIM40, Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical Ethics, Social Medicine and Work, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Johan Van Weyenbergh
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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2
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The Role of miR-155 in Nutrition: Modulating Cancer-Associated Inflammation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072245. [PMID: 34210046 PMCID: PMC8308226 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition plays an important role in overall human health. Although there is no direct evidence supporting the direct involvement of nutrition in curing disease, for some diseases, good nutrition contributes to disease prevention and our overall well-being, including energy level, optimum internal function, and strength of the immune system. Lately, other major, but more silent players are reported to participate in the body’s response to ingested nutrients, as they are involved in different physiological and pathological processes. Furthermore, the genetic profile of an individual is highly critical in regulating these processes and their interactions. In particular, miR-155, a non-coding microRNA, is reported to be highly correlated with such nutritional processes. In fact, miR-155 is involved in the orchestration of various biological processes such as cellular signaling, immune regulation, metabolism, nutritional responses, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. Thus, this review aims to highlight those critical aspects of the influence of dietary components on gene expression, primarily on miR-155 and its role in modulating cancer-associated processes.
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3
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Olindo S, Jeannin S, Lezin A. Manifestazioni neurologiche legate all’“human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus” tipo 1 (HTLV-1). Neurologia 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(21)44999-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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4
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Boretti A, Banik BK. Intravenous vitamin C for reduction of cytokines storm in acute respiratory distress syndrome. PHARMANUTRITION 2020; 12:100190. [PMID: 32322486 PMCID: PMC7172861 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The recent outbreak of Covid19 has required urgent treatments for numerous patients. No suitable vaccines or antivirals are available for Covid19. The efficiency against Covid19 of WHO therapies of choice, that are two antivirals developed for other pathologies, is controversial. Therefore, alternative approaches are required. Intravenous (IV) Vitamin C (Vit-C) has emerged as one of the other alternatives for this purpose. Here we review the effects of IV Vit-C on the immune system response, the antiviral properties of IV Vit-C, and finally the antioxidant properties of IV Vit-C to specifically address the cytokines' storm characteristic of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) that occur in the later cycle of the Covid19 infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, P.O. Box 1664, Al Khobar, 31952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bimal Krishna Banik
- Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, P.O. Box 1664, Al Khobar, 31952, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Youssefi M, Ghazvini K, Casseb J, Keikha M. What is the role of the thioredoxin antioxidant complex in relation to HAM/TSP? Access Microbiol 2020; 2:acmi000090. [PMID: 32974569 PMCID: PMC7470313 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have little information about the definite role of the thioredoxin antioxidant complex system during viral infection, particularly during human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection and the HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) state. Therefore, we conducted comprehensive next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis to determine Trx system expression changes in three categories of subjects: sero-negative HTLV-1 individuals, asymptomatic HTLV-1 people and HAM/TSP patients. We found that Trx capacity is reduced in the HAM/TSP state compared to healthy individuals, which indicates increasing inflammation and reduction of apoptosis, which might contribute to the progression of inflammation in the spinal cord, which in turn may develop into the HAM/TSP state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Youssefi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jorge Casseb
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo/ Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP 01246-100, Brazil
| | - Masoud Keikha
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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6
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Colunga Biancatelli RML, Berrill M, Marik PE. The antiviral properties of vitamin C. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2019; 18:99-101. [PMID: 31852327 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1706483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Manuel Luciano Colunga Biancatelli
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.,Policlinico Umberto I, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Max Berrill
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Paul E Marik
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
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7
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Subramanian K, Dierckx T, Khouri R, Menezes SM, Kagdi H, Taylor GP, Farre L, Bittencourt A, Kataoka K, Ogawa S, Van Weyenbergh J. Decreased RORC expression and downstream signaling in HTLV-1-associated adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia uncovers an antiproliferative IL17 link: A potential target for immunotherapy? Int J Cancer 2018; 144:1664-1675. [PMID: 30303535 PMCID: PMC6590643 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid‐related drugs have shown promising pre‐clinical activity in Adult T‐cell Leukemia/Lymphoma, but RORC signaling has not been explored. Therefore, we investigated transcriptome‐wide interactions of the RORC pathway in HTLV‐1 and ATL, using our own and publicly available gene expression data for ATL and other leukemias. Gene expression data from ATL patients were analyzed using WGCNA to determine gene modules and their correlation to clinical and molecular data. Both PBMCs and CD4+ T‐Cells exhibited decreased RORC expression in four different ATL cohorts. A small subset of RORChi ATL patients was identified with significantly lower pathognomonic CADM1 and HBZ levels but similar levels of other ATL markers (CD4/CD25/CCR4), hinting at a less aggressive ATL subtype. An age‐dependent decrease in RORC expression was found in HTLV‐1‐infected individuals, but not in healthy controls, suggesting an early molecular event predisposing to leukemogenesis. Genes upstream of RORC signaling were members of a proliferative gene module (containing proliferation markers PCNA/Ki67), whereas downstream members clustered in an anti‐proliferative gene module. IL17C transcripts showed the strongest negative correlation to PCNA in both ATL cohorts, which was replicated in two large cohorts of T‐ and B‐cell acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). Finally, IL17C expression in purified CD4 + CCR4 + CD26‐CD7‐ “ATL‐like” cells from HTLV‐1‐infected individuals and ATL patients was negatively correlated with clonality, underscoring a possible antileukemic/antiproliferative role. In conclusion, decreased RORC expression and downstream signaling might represent an early event in ATL pathogenesis. An antiproliferative IL17C/PCNA link is shared between ATL, T‐ALL and B‐ALL, suggesting (immuno)therapeutic benefit of boosting RORC/IL17 signaling. What's new? Drugs that affect the retinoic acid pathway are of interest for the treatment of adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL). Here, investigation of the role of retinoic acid‐related orphan receptor C (RORC), a regulator of the proinflammatory Th17/IL‐17 axis, reveals a prevailing occurrence of low RORC expression among ATL patients. By comparison, fewer patients exhibited a RORChi phenotype, which was associated with reduced levels of pathognomonic biomarkers CADM1 and HbZ, indicating a protective role for elevated RORC. An antiproliferative link was identified between RORC and IL17C. The data suggest that strategies to increase RORC/IL17C signaling could be important to improving ATL outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Subramanian
- St. George's University School of MedicineUniversity CentreGrenadaWest Indies
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyRega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological VirologyLeuvenBelgium
| | - Tim Dierckx
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyRega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological VirologyLeuvenBelgium
| | - Ricardo Khouri
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyRega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological VirologyLeuvenBelgium
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz – FIOCRUZSalvadorBahiaBrazil
| | - Soraya Maria Menezes
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyRega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological VirologyLeuvenBelgium
| | - Huseini Kagdi
- Department of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Lourdes Farre
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz – FIOCRUZSalvadorBahiaBrazil
| | | | - Keisuke Kataoka
- Department of Pathology and Tumor BiologyGraduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Division of Molecular OncologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor BiologyGraduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Johan Van Weyenbergh
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyRega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological VirologyLeuvenBelgium
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8
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Leal FE, Menezes SM, Costa EAS, Brailey PM, Gama L, Segurado AC, Kallas EG, Nixon DF, Dierckx T, Khouri R, Vercauteren J, Galvão-Castro B, Saraiva Raposo RA, Van Weyenbergh J. Comprehensive Antiretroviral Restriction Factor Profiling Reveals the Evolutionary Imprint of the ex Vivo and in Vivo IFN-β Response in HTLV-1-Associated Neuroinflammation. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:985. [PMID: 29872426 PMCID: PMC5972197 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy (HAM/TSP) is a progressive neuroinflammatory disorder for which no disease-modifying treatment exists. Modest clinical benefit from type I interferons (IFN-α/β) in HAM/TSP contrasts with its recently identified IFN-inducible gene signature. In addition, IFN-α treatment in vivo decreases proviral load and immune activation in HAM/TSP, whereas IFN-β therapy decreases tax mRNA and lymphoproliferation. We hypothesize this "IFN paradox" in HAM/TSP might be explained by both cell type- and gene-specific effects of type I IFN in HTLV-1-associated pathogenesis. Therefore, we analyzed ex vivo transcriptomes of CD4+ T cells, PBMCs and whole blood in healthy controls, HTLV-1-infected individuals, and HAM/TSP patients. First, we used a targeted approach, simultaneously quantifying HTLV-1 mRNA (HBZ, Tax), proviral load and 42 host genes with known antiretroviral (anti-HIV) activity in purified CD4+ T cells. This revealed two major clusters ("antiviral/protective" vs. "proviral/deleterious"), as evidenced by significant negative (TRIM5/TRIM22/BST2) vs. positive correlation (ISG15/PAF1/CDKN1A) with HTLV-1 viral markers and clinical status. Surprisingly, we found a significant inversion of antiretroviral activity of host restriction factors, as evidenced by opposite correlation to in vivo HIV-1 vs. HTLV-1 RNA levels. The anti-HTLV-1 effect of antiviral cluster genes was significantly correlated to their adaptive chimp/human evolution score, for both Tax mRNA and PVL. Six genes of the proposed antiviral cluster underwent lentivirus-driven purifying selection during primate evolution (TRIM5/TRIM22/BST2/APOBEC3F-G-H), underscoring the cross-retroviral evolutionary imprint. Secondly, we examined the genome-wide type I IFN response in HAM/TSP patients, following short-term ex vivo culture of PBMCs with either IFN-α or IFN-β. Microarray analysis evidenced 12 antiretroviral genes (including TRIM5α/TRIM22/BST2) were significantly up-regulated by IFN-β, but not IFN-α, in HAM/TSP. This was paralleled by a significant decrease in lymphoproliferation by IFN-β, but not IFN-α treatment. Finally, using published ex vivo whole blood transcriptomic data of independent cohorts, we validated the significant positive correlation between TRIM5, TRIM22, and BST2 in HTLV-1-infected individuals and HAM/TSP patients, which was independent of the HAM/TSP disease signature. In conclusion, our results provide ex vivo mechanistic evidence for the observed immunovirological effect of in vivo IFN-β treatment in HAM/TSP, reconcile an apparent IFN paradox in HTLV-1 research and identify biomarkers/targets for a precision medicine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio E Leal
- Oncovirology Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Microbiology Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Soraya Maria Menezes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emanuela A S Costa
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Phillip M Brailey
- Oncovirology Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucio Gama
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Aluisio C Segurado
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Esper G Kallas
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas F Nixon
- Oncovirology Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tim Dierckx
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ricardo Khouri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), Salvador-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jurgen Vercauteren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Johan Van Weyenbergh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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9
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Pasquier A, Alais S, Roux L, Thoulouze MI, Alvarez K, Journo C, Dutartre H, Mahieux R. How to Control HTLV-1-Associated Diseases: Preventing de Novo Cellular Infection Using Antiviral Therapy. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:278. [PMID: 29593659 PMCID: PMC5859376 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Five to ten million individuals are infected by Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type 1 (HTLV-1). HTLV-1 is transmitted through prolonged breast-feeding, by sexual contacts and by transmission of infected T lymphocytes through blood transfusion. One to ten percent of infected carriers will develop a severe HTLV-1-associated disease: Adult-T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), or a neurological disorder named Tropical Spastic Paraparesis/HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy (TSP/HAM). In vivo, HTLV-1 is mostly detected in CD4+ T-cells, and to a lesser extent in CD8+ T cells and dendritic cells. There is a strong correlation between HTLV-1 proviral load (PVL) and clinical status of infected individuals. Thus, reducing PVL could be part of a strategy to prevent or treat HTLV-1-associated diseases among carriers. Treatment of ATLL patients using conventional chemotherapy has very limited benefit. Some chronic and acute ATLL patients are, however, efficiently treated with a combination of interferon α and zidovudine (IFN-α/AZT), to which arsenic trioxide is added in some cases. On the other hand, no efficient treatment for TSP/HAM patients has been described yet. It is therefore crucial to develop therapies that could either prevent the occurrence of HTLV-1-associated diseases or at least block the evolution of the disease in the early stages. In vivo, reverse transcriptase (RT) activity is low in infected cells, which is correlated with a clonal mode of viral replication. This renders infected cells resistant to nucleoside RT inhibitors such as AZT. However, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) associated to AZT efficiently induces viral expression and prevent de novo cellular infection. In asymptomatic STLV-1 infected non-human primates, HDACi/AZT combination allows a strong decrease in the PVL. Unfortunately, rebound in the PVL occurs when the treatment is stopped, highlighting the need for better antiviral compounds. Here, we review previously used strategies targeting HTLV-1 replication. We also tested a series of HIV-1 RT inhibitors in an in vitro anti-HTLV-1 screen, and report that bis-POM-PMEA (adefovir dipivoxil) and bis-POC-PMPA (tenofovir disoproxil) are much more efficient compared to AZT to decrease HTLV-1 cell-to-cell transmission in vitro. Our results suggest that revisiting already established antiviral drugs is an interesting approach to discover new anti-HTLV-1 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Pasquier
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111 - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Alais
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111 - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Loic Roux
- CNRS UMR 7257, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolecules Biologiques, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Maria-Isabel Thoulouze
- "Biofilm and Viral Transmission" Team, Structural Virology Unit, Department of Virology, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Karine Alvarez
- CNRS UMR 7257, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolecules Biologiques, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Chloé Journo
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111 - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Dutartre
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111 - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Renaud Mahieux
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111 - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
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10
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Khouri R, Silva-Santos G, Dierckx T, Menezes SM, Decanine D, Theys K, Silva AC, Farré L, Bittencourt A, Mangino M, Roederer M, Vandamme AM, Van Weyenbergh J. A genetic IFN/STAT1/FAS axis determines CD4 T stem cell memory levels and apoptosis in healthy controls and Adult T-cell Leukemia patients. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1426423. [PMID: 29721391 PMCID: PMC5927537 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1426423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is an aggressive, chemotherapy-resistant CD4+CD25+ leukemia caused by HTLV-1 infection, which usually develops in a minority of patients several decades after infection. IFN + AZT combination therapy has shown clinical benefit in ATL, although its mechanism of action remains unclear. We have previously shown that an IFN-responsive FAS promoter polymorphism in a STAT1 binding site (rs1800682) is associated to ATL susceptibility and survival. Recently, CD4 T stem cell memory (TSCM) Fashi cells have been identified as the hierarchical cellular apex of ATL, but a possible link between FAS, apoptosis, proliferation and IFN response in ATL has not been studied. In this study, we found significant ex vivo antiproliferative, antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of IFN-α treatment in short-term culture of primary mononuclear cells from ATL patients (n = 25). Bayesian Network analysis allowed us to integrate ex vivo IFN-α response with clinical, genetic and immunological data from ATL patients, thereby revealing a central role for FAS -670 polymorphism and apoptosis in the coordinated mechanism of action of IFN-α. FAS genotype-dependence of IFN-induced apoptosis was experimentally validated in an independent cohort of healthy controls (n = 20). The same FAS -670 polymorphism also determined CD4 TSCM levels in a genome-wide twin study (p = 7 × 10-11, n = 460), confirming a genetic link between apoptosis and TSCM levels. Transcriptomic analysis and cell type deconvolution confirmed the FAS genotype/TSCM link and IFN-α-induced downregulation of CD4 TSCM-specific genes in ATL patient cells. In conclusion, ex vivo IFN-α treatment exerts a pleiotropic effect on primary ATL cells, with a genetic IFN/STAT1/Fas axis determining apoptosis vs. proliferation and underscoring the CD4 TSCM model of ATL leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Khouri
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador-Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Tim Dierckx
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Soraya Maria Menezes
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniele Decanine
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Kristof Theys
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aline Clara Silva
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lourdes Farré
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Achiléa Bittencourt
- Department of Pathology, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Prof Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College, London, UK
| | - Mario Roederer
- Immunotechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda-MD, USA
| | - Anne-Mieke Vandamme
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Unidade de Microbiologia, Instituto de Highne e Medicina Tropical, Universidade, Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Johan Van Weyenbergh
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Menezes SM, Leal FE, Dierckx T, Khouri R, Decanine D, Silva-Santos G, Schnitman SV, Kruschewsky R, López G, Alvarez C, Talledo M, Gotuzzo E, Nixon DF, Vercauteren J, Brassat D, Liblau R, Vandamme AM, Galvão-Castro B, Van Weyenbergh J. A Fas hi Lymphoproliferative Phenotype Reveals Non-Apoptotic Fas Signaling in HTLV-1-Associated Neuroinflammation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:97. [PMID: 28261198 PMCID: PMC5306374 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-1 was the first human retrovirus to be associated to cancer, namely adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), but its pathogenesis remains enigmatic, since only a minority of infected individuals develops either ATL or the neuroinflammatory disorder HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). A functional FAS -670 polymorphism in an interferon (IFN)-regulated STAT1-binding site has been associated to both ATL and HAM/TSP susceptibility. Fashi T stem cell memory (Tscm) cells have been identified as the hierarchical apex of ATL, but have not been investigated in HAM/TSP. In addition, both FAS and STAT1 have been identified in an IFN-inducible HAM/TSP gene signature, but its pathobiological significance remains unclear. We comprehensively explored Fas expression (protein/mRNA) and function in lymphocyte activation, apoptosis, proliferation, and transcriptome, in PBMC from a total of 47 HAM/TSP patients, 40 asymptomatic HTLV-1-infected individuals (AC), and 58 HTLV-1 -uninfected healthy controls. Fas surface expression followed a two-step increase from HC to AC and from AC to HAM/TSP. In HAM/TSP, Fas levels correlated positively to lymphocyte activation markers, but negatively to age of onset, linking Fashi cells to earlier, more aggressive disease. Surprisingly, increased lymphocyte Fas expression in HAM/TSP was linked to decreased apoptosis and increased lymphoproliferation upon in vitro culture, but not to proviral load. This Fashi phenotype is HAM/TSP-specific, since both ex vivo and in vitro Fas expression was increased as compared to multiple sclerosis (MS), another neuroinflammatory disorder. To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying non-apoptotic Fas signaling in HAM/TSP, we combined transcriptome analysis with functional assays, i.e., blocking vs. triggering Fas receptor in vitro with antagonist and agonist-, anti-Fas mAb, respectively. Treatment with agonist anti-Fas mAb restored apoptosis, indicating biased, but not defective Fas signaling in HAM/TSP. In silico analysis revealed biased Fas signaling toward proliferation and inflammation, driven by RelA/NF-κB. Correlation of Fas transcript levels with proliferation (but not apoptosis) was confirmed in HAM/TSP ex vivo transcriptomes. In conclusion, we demonstrated a two-step increase in Fas expression, revealing a unique Fashi lymphocyte phenotype in HAM/TSP, distinguishable from MS. Non-apoptotic Fas signaling might fuel HAM/TSP pathogenesis, through increased lymphoproliferation, inflammation, and early age of onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Maria Menezes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Fabio E Leal
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Tim Dierckx
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Ricardo Khouri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; LIMI, Gonçalo Moniz Research Center (CPqGM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Daniele Decanine
- LIMI, Gonçalo Moniz Research Center (CPqGM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) , Salvador , Brazil
| | - Gilvaneia Silva-Santos
- LIMI, Gonçalo Moniz Research Center (CPqGM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) , Salvador , Brazil
| | - Saul V Schnitman
- LIMI, Gonçalo Moniz Research Center (CPqGM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) , Salvador , Brazil
| | | | - Giovanni López
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima , Peru
| | - Carolina Alvarez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Michael Talledo
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima , Peru
| | - Eduardo Gotuzzo
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Tropicales y Dermatológicas, Hospital Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Douglas F Nixon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Jurgen Vercauteren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - David Brassat
- INSERM UMR1043 and Pôle des Neurosciences, Hôpital Purpan, Université de Toulouse , Toulouse , France
| | - Roland Liblau
- INSERM UMR1043 and Pôle des Neurosciences, Hôpital Purpan, Université de Toulouse , Toulouse , France
| | - Anne Mieke Vandamme
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Unidade de Microbiologia, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Johan Van Weyenbergh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
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12
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Mikirova N, Riordan N, Casciari J. Modulation of Cytokines in Cancer Patients by Intravenous Ascorbate Therapy. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:14-25. [PMID: 26724916 PMCID: PMC4756791 DOI: 10.12659/msm.895368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines play an important role in tumor angiogenesis and inflammation. There is evidence in the literature that high doses of ascorbate can reduce inflammatory cytokine levels in cancer patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of treatment by intravenous vitamin C (IVC) on cytokines and tumor markers. MATERIAL/METHODS With the availability of protein array kits allowing assessment of many cytokines in a single sample, we measured 174 cytokines and additional 54 proteins and tumor markers in 12 cancer patients before and after a series of IVC treatments. RESULTS Presented results show for our 12 patients the effect of treatment resulted in normalization of many cytokine levels. Cytokines that were most consistently elevated prior to treatments included M-CSF-R, Leptin, EGF, FGF-6, TNF-α, β, TARC, MCP-1,4, MIP, IL-4, 10, IL-4, and TGF-β. Cytokine levels tended to decrease during the course of treatment. These include mitogens (EGF, Fit-3 ligand, HGF, IGF-1, IL-21R) and chemo-attractants (CTAC, Eotaxin, E-selectin, Lymphotactin, MIP-1, MCP-1, TARC, SDF-1), as well as inflammation and angiogenesis factors (FGF-6, IL-1β, TGF-1). CONCLUSIONS We are able to show that average z-scores for several inflammatory and angiogenesis promoting cytokines are positive, indicating that they are higher than averages for healthy controls, and that their levels decreased over the course of treatment. In addition, serum concentrations of tumor markers decreased during the time period of IVC treatment and there were reductions in cMyc and Ras, 2 proteins implicated in being upregulated in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Mikirova
- Bio-Communication Research Institute, Riordan Clinic, Wichita, KS, U.S.A
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13
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Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a progressive disease of the CNS that causes weakness or paralysis of the legs, lower back pain and urinary symptoms. HAM/TSP was first described in Jamaica in the nineteenth century, but the aetiology of the condition, infection with the retrovirus HTLV-1, was only identified in the 1980s. HAM/TSP causes chronic disability and, accordingly, imposes a substantial health burden in areas where HTLV-1 infection is endemic. Since the discovery of the cause of HAM/TSP, considerable advances have been made in the understanding of the virology, immunology, cell biology and pathology of HTLV-1 infection and its associated diseases. However, progress has been limited by the lack of accurate animal models of the disease. Moreover, the treatment of HAM/TSP remains highly unsatisfactory: antiretroviral drugs have little impact on the infection and, although potential disease-modifying therapies are widely used, their value is unproved. At present, clinical management is focused on symptomatic treatment and counselling. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of HAM/TSP and identify areas in which further research is needed. For an illustrated summary of this Primer, visit: http://go.nature.com/tjZCFM.
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14
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Martins CPS, Gomes OA, Martins ML, de Carvalho LD, de Souza JG, Da Fonseca FG, dos Santos RGS, Andrade MS, Zani CL, de Souza-Fagundes EM, Barbosa-Stancioli EF. A reduction of viral mRNA, proteins and induction of altered morphogenesis reveals the anti-HTLV-1 activity of the labdane-diterpene myriadenolide in vitro. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:331. [PMID: 25539906 PMCID: PMC4302425 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) has been associated with leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), in addition to other inflammatory diseases as well as infection complications. Therapeutic approaches for HTLV-1-related pathologies are limited. The labdane diterpene myriadenolide (AMY) is a natural product that exhibit biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory and antiviral activity as reported for HIV and herpesvirus. Results We demonstrated that this natural product was able to inhibit the expression of gag-pol mRNA and substantially reduced the expression of the structural proteins p19 and gp46. Comparison of treated and untreated cells shows that AMY alters both the morphology and the release of viral particles. The Atomic Force Microscopy assay showed that the AMY treatment reduced the number of particles on the cell surface by 47%. Conclusion We demonstrated that the labdane diterpene myriadenolide reduced the expression of the structural proteins and the budding of viral particles, besides induces altered morphogenesis of HTLV-1, conferring on AMY a new antiviral activity that may be useful for the development of new compounds with specific anti-HTLV-1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Pacheco Silveira Martins
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group - GIPH - Fundação HEMOMINAS, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Orlando Abreu Gomes
- Núcleo de Ciências Exatas - FACE - Universidade FUMEC, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Marina Lobato Martins
- Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group - GIPH - Fundação HEMOMINAS, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Serviço de Pesquisa, Fundação HEMOMINAS, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Debortoli de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group - GIPH - Fundação HEMOMINAS, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Jaqueline Gontijo de Souza
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group - GIPH - Fundação HEMOMINAS, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Flavio Guimaraes Da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Gonçalves Silva dos Santos
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group - GIPH - Fundação HEMOMINAS, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Carlos Leomar Zani
- Centro de Pesquisas Renè Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Elaine Maria de Souza-Fagundes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Edel Figueiredo Barbosa-Stancioli
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group - GIPH - Fundação HEMOMINAS, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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15
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Menezes SM, Decanine D, Brassat D, Khouri R, Schnitman SV, Kruschewsky R, López G, Alvarez C, Talledo M, Gotuzzo E, Vandamme AM, Galvão-Castro B, Liblau R, Weyenbergh JV. CD80+ and CD86+ B cells as biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets in HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis and multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:18. [PMID: 24472094 PMCID: PMC3922160 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of the incapacitating, neuroinflammatory disease HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Currently, there are no disease-modifying therapies with long-term clinical benefits or validated biomarkers for clinical follow-up in HAM/TSP. Although CD80 and CD86 costimulatory molecules play prominent roles in immune regulation and reflect disease status in multiple sclerosis (MS), data in HAM/TSP are lacking. Methods Using flow cytometry, we quantified ex vivo and in vitro expression of CD80 and CD86 in PBMCs of healthy controls, HTLV-1-infected individuals with and without HAM/TSP, and MS patients. We hypothesized ex vivo CD80 and CD86 expressions and their in vitro regulation by interferon (IFN)-α/β mirror similarities between HAM/TSP and MS and hence might reveal clinically useful biomarkers in HAM/TSP. Results Ex vivo expression of CD80 and CD86 in T and B cells increased in all HTLV-1 infected individuals, but with a selective defect for B cell CD86 upregulation in HAM/TSP. Despite decreased total B cells with increasing disease duration (p = 0.0003, r = −0.72), CD80+ B cells positively correlated with disease severity (p = 0.0017, r = 0.69) in HAM/TSP. B cell CD80 expression was higher in women with HAM/TSP, underscoring that immune markers can reflect the female predominance observed in most autoimmune diseases. In contrast to MS patients, CD80+ (p = 0.0001) and CD86+ (p = 0.0054) lymphocytes expanded upon in vitro culture in HAM/TSP patients. The expansion of CD80+ and CD86+ T cells but not B cells was associated with increased proliferation in HTLV-1 infection. In vitro treatment with IFN-β but not IFN-α resulted in a pronounced increase of B cell CD86 expression in healthy controls, as well as in patients with neuroinflammatory disease (HAM/TSP and MS), similar to in vivo treatment in MS. Conclusions We propose two novel biomarkers, ex vivo CD80+ B cells positively correlating to disease severity and CD86+ B cells preferentially induced by IFN-β, which restores defective upregulation in HAM/TSP. This study suggests a role for B cells in HAM/TSP pathogenesis and opens avenues to B cell targeting (with proven clinical benefit in MS) in HAM/TSP but also CD80-directed immunotherapy, unprecedented in both HAM/TSP and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Johan Van Weyenbergh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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16
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Sampey GC, Van Duyne R, Currer R, Das R, Narayanan A, Kashanchi F. Complex role of microRNAs in HTLV-1 infections. Front Genet 2012; 3:295. [PMID: 23251140 PMCID: PMC3523292 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) was the first human retrovirus to be discovered and is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and the neurodegenerative disease HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The importance of microRNA (miRNA) in the replicative cycle of several other viruses, as well as in the progression of associated pathologies, has been well established in the past decade. Moreover, involvement of miRNA alteration in the HTLV-1 life cycle, and in the progression of its related oncogenic and neurodegenerative diseases, has recently come to light. Several HTLV-1 derived proteins alter transcription factor functionalities, interact with chromatin remodelers, or manipulate components of the RNA interference (RNAi) machinery, thereby establishing various routes by which miRNA expression can be up- or down-regulated in the host cell. Furthermore, the mechanism of action through which dysregulation of host miRNAs affects HTLV-1 infected cells can vary substantially and include mRNA silencing via the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), transcriptional gene silencing, inhibition of RNAi components, and chromatin remodeling. These miRNA-induced changes can lead to increased cell survival, invasiveness, proliferation, and differentiation, as well as allow for viral latency. While many recent studies have successfully implicated miRNAs in the life cycle and pathogenesis of HTLV-1 infections, there are still significant outstanding questions to be addressed. Here we will review recent discoveries elucidating HTLV-1 mediated manipulation of host cell miRNA profiles and examine the impact on pathogenesis, as well as explore future lines of inquiry that could increase understanding in this field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin C Sampey
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University Manassas, VA, USA
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17
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Moens B, Pannecouque C, López G, Talledo M, Gotuzzo E, Khouri R, Bittencourt A, Farré L, Galvão-Castro B, Vandamme AM, Van Weyenbergh J. Simultaneous RNA quantification of human and retroviral genomes reveals intact interferon signaling in HTLV-1-infected CD4+ T cell lines. Virol J 2012; 9:171. [PMID: 22917064 PMCID: PMC3492208 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-9-171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IFN-α contributes extensively to host immune response upon viral infection through antiviral, pro-apoptotic, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory activities. Although extensively documented in various types of human cancers and viral infections, controversy exists in the exact mechanism of action of IFN-α in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) retroviral infections. RESULTS IFN-α displayed strong anti-HIV-1 effects in HIV-1/HTLV-1 co-infected MT-4 cells in vitro, demonstrated by the dose-dependent inhibition of the HIV-1-induced cytopathic effect (IC50 = 83.5 IU/ml, p < 0.0001) and p24 levels in cell-free supernatant (IC50 = 1.2 IU/ml, p < 0.0001). In contrast, IFN-α treatment did not affect cell viability or HTLV-1 viral mRNA levels in HTLV-1 mono-infected cell lines, based on flow cytometry and nCounter analysis, respectively. However, we were able to confirm the previously described post-transcriptional inhibition of HTLV-1 p19 secretion by IFN-α in cell lines (p = 0.0045), and extend this finding to primary Adult T cell Leukemia patient samples (p = 0.031). In addition, through microarray and nCounter analysis, we performed the first genome-wide simultaneous quantification of complete human and retroviral transciptomes, demonstrating significant transcriptional activation of interferon-stimulated genes without concomitant decrease of HTLV-1 mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results indicate that both the absence of in vitro antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity as well as the modest post-transcriptional antiviral activity of IFN-α against HTLV-1, were not due to a cell-intrinsic defect in IFN-α signalisation, but rather represents a retrovirus-specific phenomenon, considering the strong HIV-1 inhibition in co-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Moens
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
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