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Angeles JMM, Paner JRO, Villacorte EA, Rivera PT, Kawazu SI. Seroprevalence of Schistosoma japonicum Infection Among Dogs and Water Buffaloes Using Recombinant Antigen ELISA in New Corella, Davao del Norte, Philippines. Acta Parasitol 2024:10.1007/s11686-024-00929-5. [PMID: 39333328 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00929-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Animal reservoirs are important targets for controlling and eliminating schistosomiasis. Prevalence studies showed that dogs (Canis familiaris) and water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) are important reservoirs of S. japonicum. Previous studies have validated the use of the recombinant proteins Sj1TR, Sj7TR, and SjTPx-1 in ELISA as diagnostics for dogs and water buffaloes from schistosomiasis-endemic areas. In this study, we aimed to determine the seroprevalence of S. japonicum among dogs and water buffaloes in New Corella, Davao del Norte, Philippines, using the recombinant proteins Sj1TR, Sj7TR, and SjTPx-1 in ELISA format. METHODS Fecal and serum samples were collected from dogs (n = 63) and water buffaloes (n = 57). Schistosome-positive samples were detected using formalin-ether concentration technique (FECT), stool polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using soluble egg antigen (SEA), rSj1TR, rSj7TR, and rSjTPx-1. Positivity rates, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, accuracy, and kappa values were calculated. RESULTS Mean positivity rates for schistosome infection were high for both dogs (x = 15.40%) and water buffaloes (x = 6.32%). On dogs, the sensitivity and specificity of the tests are as follows: 66.67% and 100% for rSj7TR-ELISA, while 100% and 93.33% for rSjTPx-1-ELISA, respectively. rSjTPx-1-ELISA showed the highest agreement with stool PCR among all diagnostic tests, with an overall kappa value of 0.824. On water buffaloes, the sensitivity and specificity of both rSj1TR-ELISA and rSjTPx-1-ELISA are 100.0% and 98.15%. Both tests also had an overall kappa value of 0.84. CONCLUSION To ensure elimination and prevention of schistosomiasis in humans, the use of validated serological diagnostics such as recombinant antigen ELISA is preferable for field detection in animals, especially in resource-limited areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ma M Angeles
- Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.
| | | | - Elena A Villacorte
- Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Pilarita T Rivera
- Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kawazu
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
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2
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Wang X, Giri BR, Cui Z, Munkhjargal T, Wang C, Fontanilla IKC, Cheng G. Development of a Gaussia luciferase immunoprecipitation assay for detecting Schistosoma japonicum infection. Exp Parasitol 2024; 262:108776. [PMID: 38750807 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Timely and accurate diagnosis of Schistosoma infection is important to adopt effective strategies for schistosomiasis control. Previously, we demonstrated that Schistosoma japonicum can secret extracellular vesicles and their cargos may serve as a novel type of biomarkers for diagnosing schistosomiasis. Here, we developed a Gaussia luciferase immunoprecipitation assay combined with S. japonicum extracellular vesicle (SjEV) protein to evaluate its potential for diagnosing schistosomiasis. A saposin-like protein (SjSLP) identified from SjEVs was fused to the Gaussia luciferase as the diagnostic antigen. The developed method showed good capability for detecting S. japonicum infection in mice and human patients. We also observed that the method could detect Schistosoma infection in mice as early as 7 days of post-infection, which showed better sensitivity than that of indirect ELISA method. Overall, the developed method showed a good potential for detecting Schistosoma infection particularly for early stage, which may provide an alternative strategy for identify Schistosoma infection for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Wang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China; School of Biotechnology Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhen Jiang, 212100, China
| | - Bikash R Giri
- Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751004, India
| | - Zhoukai Cui
- Pingquan Hospital, Hebei Province, Chengde, 067500, China
| | - Tserendorj Munkhjargal
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Science, Zaisan, 17029, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Chunren Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, 163316, China
| | - Ian Kendrich C Fontanilla
- DNA Barcoding Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Guofeng Cheng
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China.
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3
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Wu H, Giri BR, Li H, Zheng Y, Yan X, Cheng G. Schistosoma japonicum extracellular vesicle proteins serve as effective biomarkers for diagnosing parasite infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1391168. [PMID: 38817446 PMCID: PMC11137203 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1391168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Schistosoma species are the causative agent of schistosomiasis and shows worldwide distribution. There is a great need to develop a sensitive diagnostic approach for controlling the disease. Previously, we identified large numbers of Extracellular Vesicle (EV) proteins from Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum), but rarely these proteins have been evaluated for their diagnostic potential. In the present study, we performed bioinformatic analyses of S. japonicum identified EV-associated proteins from the previous study and then identified Schistosoma-specific proteins with potentially secreted capability. Among them, we selected SJCHGC02838 protein, SJCHGC05593 protein, SJCHGC05668 protein and a hypothetical protein (SJHYP) to evaluate their diagnostic potential for detecting S. japonicum infection. First, we determined the expression of these four proteins at the transcript levels using qRT-PCR and revealed that all these genes showed higher expression in adult stage. Then, we cloned the full-length cDNA for each protein into a prokaryotic expression vector and successfully generated the recombinant proteins. Upon the purification of recombinant proteins, we developed an indirect ELISA method to evaluate the diagnostic potential of these purified recombinant proteins. The results showed high sensitivity for detecting Schistosoma infection. Additionally, these proteins also displayed a good potential for detecting Schistosoma infection, especially SJCHGC05668 protein at an early stage. The diagnostic potentials of these recombinant proteins were further evaluated by Western blot and comparatively analyzed by our previously developed cfDNA methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Wu
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bikash R. Giri
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Zoology, Kuntala Kumari Sabat (KKS) Women’s College, Balasore, Odisha, India
| | - Huimin Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - Yameng Zheng
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Yan
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guofeng Cheng
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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4
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Evaluation of Crude and Recombinant Antigens of Schistosoma japonicum for the Detection of Schistosoma mekongi Human Infection. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13020184. [PMID: 36672994 PMCID: PMC9857461 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Asian schistosomiasis caused by the blood fluke Schistosoma mekongi is endemic in northern Cambodia and Southern Lao People's Democratic Republic. The disease is mainly diagnosed by stool microscopy. However, serodiagnosis such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with soluble egg antigen (SEA), has been shown to have better sensitivity compared to the stool examination, especially in the settings with a low intensity of infection. To date, no recombinant antigen has been assessed using ELISA for the detection of S. mekongi infection, due to the lack of genome information for this schistosome species. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate several recombinant S. japonicum antigens that have been developed in our laboratory for the detection of S. mekongi infection. The crude antigen SjSEA and recombinant antigens Sj7TR, SjPCS, SjPRx-4, and SjChi-3 were evaluated in ELISA using serum samples positive for S. mekongi infection. The cross-reaction was checked using sera positive for Ophistorchis viverrini. ELISA results showed that S. japonicum SEA at low concentrations showed better diagnostic performance than the recombinant antigens tested using the archived serum samples from Cambodia. However, further optimization of the recombinant antigens should be conducted in future studies to improve their diagnostic performance for S. mekongi detection.
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Wanlop A, Angeles JMM, Macalanda AMC, Kirinoki M, Ohari Y, Yajima A, Yamagishi J, Ona KAL, Kawazu SI. Cloning, Expression and Evaluation of Thioredoxin Peroxidase-1 Antigen for the Serological Diagnosis of Schistosoma mekongi Human Infection. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123077. [PMID: 36553084 PMCID: PMC9777376 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosoma mekongi, a blood fluke that causes Asian zoonotic schistosomiasis, is distributed in communities along the Mekong River in Cambodia and Lao People's Democratic Republic. Decades of employing numerous control measures including mass drug administration using praziquantel have resulted in a decline in the prevalence of schistosomiasis mekongi. This, however, led to a decrease in sensitivity of Kato-Katz stool microscopy considered as the gold standard in diagnosis. In order to develop a serological assay with high sensitivity and specificity which can replace Kato-Katz, recombinant S. mekongi thioredoxin peroxidase-1 protein (rSmekTPx-1) was expressed and produced. Diagnostic performance of the rSmekTPx-1 antigen through ELISA for detecting human schistosomiasis was compared with that of recombinant protein of S. japonicum TPx-1 (rSjTPx-1) using serum samples collected from endemic foci in Cambodia. The sensitivity and specificity of rSmekTPx-1 in ELISA were 89.3% and 93.3%, respectively, while those of rSjTPx-1 were 71.4% and 66.7%, respectively. In addition, a higher Kappa value of 0.82 calculated between rSmekTPx-1 antigen ELISA and Kato-Katz confirmed better agreement than between rSjTPx-1 antigen ELISA and Kato-Katz (Kappa value 0.38). These results suggest that ELISA with rSmekTPx-1 antigen can be a potential diagnostic method for detecting active human S. mekongi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atcharaphan Wanlop
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - Jose Ma. M. Angeles
- Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Adrian Miki C. Macalanda
- Department of Immunopathology and Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cavite State University, Indang 4122, Philippines
| | - Masashi Kirinoki
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Yuma Ohari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan
| | - Aya Yajima
- Would Health Organization Regional Office for Southeast Asia, New Delhi 110011, India
| | - Junya Yamagishi
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Kevin Austin L. Ona
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Shin-ichiro Kawazu
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Angeles JM, Goto Y, Trinh MAD, Rivera PT, Villacorte EA, Kawazu SI. Serological evaluation of the schistosome’s secretory enzyme phytochelatin synthase and phosphoglycerate mutase for the detection of human Schistosoma japonicum infection. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:2445-2448. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Liang S, Ponpetch K, Zhou YB, Guo J, Erko B, Stothard JR, Murad MH, Zhou XN, Satrija F, Webster JP, Remais JV, Utzinger J, Garba A. Diagnosis of Schistosoma infection in non-human animal hosts: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010389. [PMID: 35522699 PMCID: PMC9116658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable and field-applicable diagnosis of schistosome infections in non-human animals is important for surveillance, control, and verification of interruption of human schistosomiasis transmission. This study aimed to summarize uses of available diagnostic techniques through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We systematically searched the literature and reports comparing two or more diagnostic tests in non-human animals for schistosome infection. Out of 4,909 articles and reports screened, 19 met our inclusion criteria, four of which were considered in the meta-analysis. A total of 14 techniques (parasitologic, immunologic, and molecular) and nine types of non-human animals were involved in the studies. Notably, four studies compared parasitologic tests (miracidium hatching test (MHT), Kato-Katz (KK), the Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory technique (DBL), and formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation-digestion (FEA-SD)) with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and sensitivity estimates (using qPCR as the reference) were extracted and included in the meta-analyses, showing significant heterogeneity across studies and animal hosts. The pooled estimate of sensitivity was 0.21 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03-0.48) with FEA-SD showing highest sensitivity (0.89, 95% CI: 0.65-1.00). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that the parasitologic technique FEA-SD and the molecular technique qPCR are the most promising techniques for schistosome diagnosis in non-human animal hosts. Future studies are needed for validation and standardization of the techniques for real-world field applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liang
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Keerati Ponpetch
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Sirindhorn College of Public Health Trang, Faculty of Public Health and Allied Health Sciences, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Trang, Thailand
| | - Yi-Biao Zhou
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiagang Guo
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Berhanu Erko
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - J. Russell Stothard
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Merseyside, United Kingdom
| | - M. Hassan Murad
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fadjar Satrija
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Joanne P. Webster
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Justin V. Remais
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amadou Garba
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Belizario VY,J, de Cadiz AE, Navarro RC, Flores MJC, Molina VB, Dalisay SNM, Medina JRC, Lumangaya CR. The status of schistosomiasis japonica control in the Philippines: The need for an integrated approach to address a multidimensional problem. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2022.8-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis japonica remains a public health concern in many areas of the Philippines. Adequate and updated information is essential to enhance policy and service delivery toward control and elimination. Despite the efforts on schistosomiasis control in the Philippines, some challenges remain in these dimensions. An integrated surveillance system is recommended to determine the prevalence of infection in humans, animal reservoirs, and snail intermediate hosts, allowing the identification of high-priority areas for targeted interventions. This will entail the enhancement of laboratory diagnosis capacity through the use of more sensitive techniques, complemented by capacity building of concerned human and animal health professionals. Given the zoonotic nature of schistosomiasis japonica, adopting the One Health approach is essential to influence policies and interventions that may accelerate control and elimination. This can be achieved through the attainment of mass drug administration coverage targets and intensified case finding and management, robust implementation and integration of veterinary public health activities, the conduct of snail control measures, provision of safe water, sanitation, and hygiene services, and health promotion and education into the national schistosomiasis control and elimination program. This review aimed to describe the status of schistosomiasis japonica control in the Philippines in the context of human health, animal health, vector ecology and management, environmental health, and sociocultural dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Y. , Jr. Belizario
- Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Neglected Tropical Diseases Study Group, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Aleyla E. de Cadiz
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Studies, College of Science and Mathematics, University of the Philippines, Mindanao, Philippines
| | - Rohani C. Navarro
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Mary Jane C. Flores
- Department of Biology, College of Science, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines
| | - Victorio B. Molina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Soledad Natalia M. Dalisay
- Department of Anthropology, College of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Philippines
| | - John Robert C. Medina
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Carlo R. Lumangaya
- Neglected Tropical Diseases Study Group, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
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Rogers MJ, McManus DP, Muhi S, Gordon CA. Membrane Technology for Rapid Point-of-Care Diagnostics for Parasitic Neglected Tropical Diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021; 34:e0032920. [PMID: 34378956 PMCID: PMC8404699 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00329-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect over one billion people worldwide, with individuals from communities in low-socioeconomic areas being most at risk and suffering the most. Disease management programs are hindered by the lack of infrastructure and resources for clinical sample collection, storage, and transport and a dearth of sensitive diagnostic methods that are inexpensive as well as accurate. Many diagnostic tests and tools have been developed for the parasitic NTDs, but the collection and storage of clinical samples for molecular and immunological diagnosis can be expensive due to storage, transport, and reagent costs, making these procedures untenable in most areas of endemicity. The application of membrane technology, which involves the use of specific membranes for either sample collection and storage or diagnostic procedures, can streamline this process, allowing for long-term sample storage at room temperature. Membrane technology can be used in serology-based diagnostic assays and for nucleic acid purification prior to molecular analysis. This facilitates the development of relatively simple and rapid procedures, although some of these methods, mainly due to costs, lack accessibility in low-socioeconomic regions of endemicity. New immunological procedures and nucleic acid storage, purification, and diagnostics protocols that are simple, rapid, accurate, and cost-effective must be developed as countries progress control efforts toward the elimination of the parasitic NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine J. Rogers
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Donald P. McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen Muhi
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine A. Gordon
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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10
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Navarro RC, de Cadiz AE, Fronda JM, Ong LAD, Belizario Jr. VY. Prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infection in water buffaloes in selected areas in Davao del Norte and Davao de Oro, the Philippines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2021.12-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Schistosomiasis (SCH) japonica is a zoonotic disease that can infect several mammalian hosts. Bovines, particularly water buffaloes, are considered the most important reservoir hosts due to the high levels of schistosome eggs, they excrete into the environment. In the Philippines, the previous studies have revealed a high prevalence of SCH in bovines in selected provinces in Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. However, there is a lack of studies on SCH in the Davao Region, Mindanao, where the infection remains a public health concern. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of SCH in water buffaloes in four barangays (villages) each in Braulio Dujali, Davao del Norte and Maragusan, Davao de Oro, Southeastern Mindanao, the Philippines.
Materials and Methods: Fecal samples from 91 water buffaloes were collected intrarectally, processed using the formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation technique, and examined microscopically to determine the prevalence of SCH.
Results: A total of three water buffaloes (8.6%) in Maragusan were determined to be positive for Schistosoma japonicum, while none in Braulio Dujali. The prevalence of other parasites (Fasciola spp. [53.8%], Paramphistome spp. [20.9%], Amphistome spp. [16.5%], Strongyle spp. [11.0%], Balantidium spp. [9.9%], Eurytrema spp. [2.2%], and Gongylonema pulchrum [1.1%]) was also observed.
Conclusion: The results of the study provide baseline data on the presence of S. japonicum in water buffaloes in the Davao Region, Mindanao. Strategies for controlling and eliminating SCH in animal reservoir hosts, especially in water buffaloes, are necessary for the long-term control and elimination of SCH in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohani C. Navarro
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Aleyla E. de Cadiz
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Studies, College of Science and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines
| | - Jordan M. Fronda
- Neglected Tropical Diseases Study Group, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Lynnell Alexie D. Ong
- Neglected Tropical Diseases Study Group, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Vicente Y. Belizario Jr.
- Neglected Tropical Diseases Study Group, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines; Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
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11
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Chen C, Guo Q, Fu Z, Liu J, Lin J, Xiao K, Sun P, Cong X, Liu R, Hong Y. Reviews and advances in diagnostic research on Schistosoma japonicum. Acta Trop 2021; 213:105743. [PMID: 33159894 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is an acute and chronic parasitic disease caused by blood flukes (trematode worms) of the genus Schistosoma. Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) infection has decreased significantly in prevalence and intensity of infection in China. However, this disease still remains a serious public health problem in some endemic areas of the Philippines and Indonesia. Thus, more accurate and sensitive methods are much needed for further control of this disease. Here, we review the research progress in techniques for the diagnosis of S. japonicum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Animal Schistosomiasis, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, P.R.China
| | - Qinghong Guo
- National Reference Laboratory of Animal Schistosomiasis, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, P.R.China
| | - Zhiqiang Fu
- National Reference Laboratory of Animal Schistosomiasis, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, P.R.China
| | - Jinming Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Animal Schistosomiasis, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, P.R.China
| | - Jiaojiao Lin
- National Reference Laboratory of Animal Schistosomiasis, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, P.R.China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Huancui Development Center for Animal Husbandry, Weihai, 264200, P.R.China
| | - Pengxiang Sun
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Huancui, Weihai, 264200, P.R.China
| | - Xiaonan Cong
- Huancui Development Center for Animal Husbandry, Weihai, 264200, P.R.China
| | - Runxia Liu
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Yang Hong
- National Reference Laboratory of Animal Schistosomiasis, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, P.R.China..
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12
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Angeles JMM, Goto Y, Kirinoki M, Villacorte EA, Moendeg KJ, Rivera PT, Chigusa Y, Kawazu SI. Field Evaluation of Recombinant Antigen ELISA in Detecting Zoonotic Schistosome Infection Among Water Buffaloes in Endemic Municipalities in the Philippines. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:592783. [PMID: 33195631 PMCID: PMC7593400 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.592783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the use of recombinant antigens thioredoxin peroxidase-1 (rSjTPx-1) and tandem repeat rSj1TR in evaluating the antibody positivity rates of Schistosoma japonicum infection among water buffaloes from four endemic areas in the Philippines, two municipalities with high endemicity (Calatrava, Negros Occidental and Catarman, Northern Samar) and two municipalities nearing elimination with no cases of human schistosomiasis (Talibon and Trinidad, Bohol). These recombinant antigen ELISA assays were compared with other diagnostic tests including SEA-ELISA, FECT, and fecal-based PCR. Results showed that rSj1TR-ELISA has the highest agreement with PCR in all study areas. Furthermore, significant positivity rates among water buffaloes were seen in Talibon and Trinidad, indicating that water buffaloes are maintaining the schistosome parasites in transmission areas even in the absence of human infection. Hence, serological assay using a more sensitive and specific rSj1TR-ELISA can be used for animal surveillance to prevent emergence and re-emergence of human schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ma M Angeles
- Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines.,National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Goto
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Kirinoki
- Laboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Elena A Villacorte
- Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Kharleezelle J Moendeg
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.,Department of Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Pilarita T Rivera
- Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Yuichi Chigusa
- Laboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kawazu
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
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13
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Analyses of the expression, immunohistochemical properties and serodiagnostic potential of Schistosoma japonicum peroxiredoxin-4. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:436. [PMID: 32867818 PMCID: PMC7460784 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04313-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosoma japonicum, which inhabits the mesenteric vein of the mammalian hosts for about 20 to 30 years, is subjected to the oxidative stresses from the host defense mechanism during their intra-mammalian stages. To counteract this host immune attack, the parasite utilizes their antioxidant system for survival inside the host. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs), thiol-specific antioxidant proteins, play an essential role for protecting the parasite against oxidative stress by reducing hydrogen peroxide to water. Only three types of 2-Cys Prxs have been previously characterized in S. japonicum whereas a fourth Prx has been identified for Schistosoma mansoni as Prx-4. A sequence coding homologous to this gene in the S. japonicum database was identified, characterized and expressed as recombinant SjPrx-4 protein (rSjPrx-4). Furthermore, rSjPrx-4 was evaluated in this study for its diagnostic potentials in detecting S. japonicum infection in humans. Results The gene found in the parasite genome contained 2 active-site cysteines with conserved sequences in the predicted amino acid (AA) sequence and showed 75% identity with that of the previously characterized Prx (TPx-1) of S. japonicum. The gene was expressed in different stages of schistosome life-cycle with highest transcription level in the adult male. The gene was cloned into a plasmid vector and then transfected into Escherichia coli for expression of rSjPrx-4. Anti-rSjPrx-4 mouse sera recognized native SjPrx-4 in egg and adult worm lysate by western blotting. The result of a mixed function oxidation assay in which rSjPrx-4 prevented the nicking of DNA from hydroxyl radicals confirmed its antioxidant activity. Subsequently, immunolocalization analysis showed the localization of SjPrx-4 inside the egg, on the tegument and in the parenchyma of the adult worm. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed that rSjPrx-4 has 83.3% sensitivity and 87.8% specificity. Its diagnostic potential was further evaluated in combination with recombinant SjTPx-1 protein, yielding an improved sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 92.7%, respectively. Conclusions These results suggest that SjPrx-4 plays a role as an antioxidant dealing with oxidative stresses of S. japonicum, and its diagnostic potential improved by coupling it with SjTPx-1 is a proof for developing a serological test with better diagnostic performance for human schistosomiasis.![]()
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14
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Liang Y, Song H, Wu M, Xie Y, Gu X, He R, Lai W, Jing B, Peng X, Yang G. Preliminary Evaluation of Recombinant EPC1 and TPx for Serological Diagnosis of Animal Cystic Echinococcosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:177. [PMID: 32426296 PMCID: PMC7203340 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most important helminthic diseases and affects many mammalian intermediate hosts. Practical and effective diagnosis is crucial for animal CE control. Two different recombinant antigens derived from Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus protoscolex calcium binding protein 1 (rEg-EPC1) and thioredoxin peroxidase (rEg-TPx), were evaluated in this study to detect the specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) in sheep and goat with CE by the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The diagnostic effect of the above-listed proteins was determined to their sensitivity and specificity and compared with hydatid cyst fluid, two previously reported immunogenic recombinant proteins (dihydrofolate reductase and P29), and two commercial kits available in China. Of these, the best diagnostic results were obtained in the anti-TPx IgG ELISA, with 92.6% sensitivity, 98.8% specificity, and no cross-reactivity with anti-Eg95 IgG. Recombinant E. granulosus thioredoxin peroxidase shows good potential for serological diagnosis of animal cystic echinococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Liang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyu Song
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Maodi Wu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ran He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiming Lai
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuerong Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life and Basic Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Limpanont Y, Phuphisut O, Reamtong O, Adisakwattana P. Recent advances in Schistosoma mekongi ecology, transcriptomics and proteomics of relevance to snail control. Acta Trop 2020; 202:105244. [PMID: 31669533 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mekong schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mekongi is a public health problem that occurs along the border between southern Laos and northern Cambodia. Given its restricted distribution and low prevalence, eventual eradication via an effective control program can be expected to be successful. To achieve this goal detailed knowledge of its basic biology, molecular biology, biochemistry, and pathology is urgently required. In this regard, recent studies on transcriptome analysis of adult male and female S. mekongi worms, and proteome analysis of developmental stages have been reported and are discussed here. The biology, habitat, and distribution of the snail intermediate host Neotricula aperta, which are factors in disease transmission, are discussed in this review. These have initiated renewed interest in S. mekongi research and contributed promising data that will be utilized in the generation of effective control and prevention strategies.
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16
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Angeles JMM, Goto Y, Kirinoki M, Leonardo LR, Moendeg KJ, Ybañez AP, Rivera PT, Villacorte EA, Inoue N, Chigusa Y, Kawazu SI. Detection of canine Schistosoma japonicum infection using recombinant thioredoxin peroxidase-1 and tandem repeat proteins. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1413-1418. [PMID: 31391359 PMCID: PMC6863713 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans and dogs live very close together and share various pathogens causing zoonotic
parasitoses like schistosomiasis. A previous population genetics study done for
schistosomes in the Philippines suggested that there is a high transmission level of
Schistosoma japonicum among humans and dogs proving that the latter are
important reservoirs for this zoonotic parasite. A more sensitive and specific test
detecting schistosome infection in dogs will therefore strengthen the zoonotic
surveillance, which might help in the possible elimination of this ancient disease. In
this study, recombinant thioredoxin peroxidase-1 (SjTPx-1) and tandem repeat proteins
(Sj1TR, Sj2TR, Sj4TR, Sj7TR) previously tested on human and water buffalo samples were
used to assess its diagnostic applicability to dogs. Fifty-nine dog serum and stool
samples were collected in the schistosomiasis-endemic municipalities of Calatrava, Negros
Occidental and Catarman, Northern Samar in the Philippines and examined using the ELISA as
compared to microscopy and fecal sample-based PCR. Samples positive for Babesia
gibsoni and Dirofilaria immitis were also used to check for
cross-reaction. Results showed that SjTPx-1 (80% sensitivity, 92.3% specificity) and Sj7TR
(73.3% sensitivity, 92.3% specificity) have good potentials for diagnosing S.
japonicum infection in dogs. These diagnostic antigens will therefore improve
the surveillance in the transmission of the parasites from dogs to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ma M Angeles
- Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila 1000, Philippines.,National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Goto
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masashi Kirinoki
- Laboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Lydia R Leonardo
- Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Kharleezelle J Moendeg
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.,Department of Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City 1108, Philippines
| | - Adrian P Ybañez
- College of Veterinary Medicine (Barili Campus) and Center for Vector-Borne and Protozoan Diseases (Main Campus), Cebu Technological University, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
| | - Pilarita T Rivera
- Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Elena A Villacorte
- Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Noboru Inoue
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yuichi Chigusa
- Laboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kawazu
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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17
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Schistosoma japonicum cathepsin B as potential diagnostic antigen for Asian zoonotic schistosomiasis. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:2601-2608. [PMID: 31377909 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the diagnostic value of Schistosoma japonicum cathepsin B (SjCatB) was evaluated as an antigen for the early detection of S. japonicum infection. SjCatB is a key protease used by the cercaria to penetrate the intact skin of the host for transdermal infection. The early exposure of the host's immune system to this enzyme may elicit early production of antibodies against this molecule. Therefore, the recombinant SjCatB (rSjCatB) was expressed in Escherichia coli with N-terminal 6xHis-tag. rSjCatB was tested for its performance as a diagnostic antigen using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with sera from experimentally infected mice collected at > 8 weeks post-infection. Showing 100% sensitivity and 95.0% specificity in the ELISA, rSjCatB was then evaluated with sera from experimentally infected mice collected at 1-7 weeks post-infection to determine how early the antibodies can be detected. Results showed that as early as 6 weeks post-infection, 2 of the 3 infected mice were found to be positive with the antibodies against SjCatB. Furthermore, the potential of the recombinant antigen in detecting human schistosomiasis was evaluated with archived serum samples collected from individuals who had been diagnosed with S. japonicum infection by stool examination. Results showed 86.7% sensitivity and 96.7% specificity suggesting its high diagnostic potential for human schistosomiasis. In addition, SjCatB showed minimal cross-reaction with the sera collected from patients with other parasitic diseases. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that SjCatB will be useful in the development of a sensitive and specific early detection test for S. japonicum infection.
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18
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Asian Schistosomiasis: Current Status and Prospects for Control Leading to Elimination. Trop Med Infect Dis 2019; 4:tropicalmed4010040. [PMID: 30813615 PMCID: PMC6473711 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed4010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is an infectious disease caused by helminth parasites of the genus Schistosoma. Worldwide, an estimated 250 million people are infected with these parasites with the majority of cases occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. Within Asia, three species of Schistosoma cause disease. Schistosoma japonicum is the most prevalent, followed by S. mekongi and S. malayensis. All three species are zoonotic, which causes concern for their control, as successful elimination not only requires management of the human definitive host, but also the animal reservoir hosts. With regard to Asian schistosomiasis, most of the published research has focused on S. japonicum with comparatively little attention paid to S. mekongi and even less focus on S. malayensis. In this review, we examine the three Asian schistosomes and their current status in their endemic countries: Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, and Thailand (S. mekongi); Malaysia (S. malayensis); and Indonesia, People's Republic of China, and the Philippines (S. japonicum). Prospects for control that could potentially lead to elimination are highlighted as these can inform researchers and disease control managers in other schistosomiasis-endemic areas, particularly in Africa and the Americas.
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19
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Lv C, Fu Z, Lu K, Yue R, Wang T, Cao X, Zhu C, Li H, Hong Y, Lin J. A perspective for improving the sensitivity of detection: The application of multi-epitope recombinant antigen in serological analysis of buffalo schistosomiasis. Acta Trop 2018; 183:14-18. [PMID: 29605156 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The sensitivity and specificity are two crucial aspects of addressing the efficacy of diagnostic antigens. Achilles' heel of low sensitivity rate exists in current diagnostic recombinant antigens for schistosomiasis detection. This study focused on the diagnosis of water buffalo schistosomiasis japonica and a perspective of improving recombinant antigens' sensitivity was assessed using archived 220 water buffalo sera (114 positive sera, 92 negative sera and 14 Paramphistomum-infected sera) and the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The subjects included two trivalent recombinant proteins, one bivalent antigen and two single-molecular antigens. The crude antigen SEA (soluble egg antigen) was employed as reference antigen. The highest sensitivity rate in the five recombinant antigens assigned to the trivalent multi-epitope antigen PA4 (95.61%, 109/114), no significant difference with SEA (100%, 114/114, p = .836), and showing remarkable differences with the two single-molecular antigens (p < 0.01). In term of specificity, two trivalent multi-epitope antigens PA4 (97.83%, 90/92), PA5 (100%, 92/92) and the bivalent antigen PA3 (98.91%, 91/92) had few differences with one monovalent antigens PA1 (97.83%, 90/92, p = .304/0.103/0.640), significant differences with another monovalent antigens PA2 (92.39%, 85/92, p < 0.01) and SEA (82.61%, 76/92, p < 0.01). Additional, all the recombinant antigens had low cross-reactivity (7.14%, 1/14, 0% for PA5) with serum samples of paramphistomiasis, contrast with that of SEA (50%, 7/14, p < 0.01). The results indicated that multi-epitope antigens have the possibility to improve diagnostic sensitivity and the trivalent multi-epitope antigen PA4 possesses greater likelihood to be a diagnostic antigen for water buffalo schistosomiasis.
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20
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Agrawal M, Rao V. Some facts on south asian schistosomiasis and need for international collaboration. Acta Trop 2018; 180:76-80. [PMID: 29273443 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we are discussing South Asian schistosomiasis; more specifically species which are responsible for schistosomiasis in India or South Asia -Schistosoma indicum, S. spindale, S. nasale, S. incognitum, S. gimvicum (S.haematobium), Bivitellobilharzia nairi, Orientobilharzia bomfordi, O. dattai, O. turkestanicum and O.harinasutai, their survival strategies such as mild pathology to the host, producing low egg number and utilizing fresh water snails (Indoplanorbis exustus and Lymnaea luteola) in stagnant water bodies like ponds, lakes, ditches, low laying areas, marshy lands and rice fields. Presently, correct identification of blood fluke species, their immature stages, male schistosomes and their intermediate host details like strain variations, susceptibilities, ecologies are not well studied. Species like B. nairi, O. bomfordi, O. harinasutai (Lymnaea rubiginosa intermediate host for O.harinasutai in Thailand) are also not well studied. Moreover, snail species like Oncomalania spp are not from South Asia, but species of Tricula or Neotricula are reported from this geography, which gives indications of S. mekongi like blood fluke presence in the area. Although in humans, cercarial dermatitis is rampant in rural population with occasional reporting of schistosome eggs in stools, human schistosomiasis is considered absent from this region, despite finding a foci (now dead) of urinary schistosomiasis in Gimvi village of Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra, India. There is great difficulty in diagnosing the infection in man and animals due to low egg production, hence development of a single step antigen detection test is the need of the hour. Interestingly, lethal effect of praziquantel was seen against S.haematobium and S.mansoni. However, this drug failed to cause significant reduction of S. incognitum and S. spindale experimentally suggesting some differences in the biology of two groups of the schistosomes. Triclabendazole showed adulticidal effect at a dose rate of 20 mg/kg body against female schistosome worms, but at lower dose (10 mg/kg body wt) of the drug, a dose that is used in treating bovine fascioliasis, it is providing chances of drug resistance of the persisting schistosomes against triclabendazole. Though the South Asian institutes have all the facilities to tackle issues related to existing schistosomes, it is recommended to develop an international collaboration by establishing an international centre on schistosomiasis in India.
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21
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Macalanda AMC, Angeles JMM, Moendeg KJ, Dang AT, Higuchi L, Inoue N, Xuan X, Kirinoki M, Chigusa Y, Leonardo LR, Villacorte EA, Rivera PT, Goto Y, Kawazu SI. Evaluation of Schistosoma japonicum thioredoxin peroxidase-1 as a potential circulating antigen target for the diagnosis of Asian schistosomiasis. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 80:156-163. [PMID: 29187698 PMCID: PMC5797876 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Asian schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma japonicum is a serious zoonotic disease endemic in China, the Philippines and parts of Indonesia. Mass drug administration in endemic areas resulted to
decline in disease severity and intensity. The low intensity of infection limits the use of current parasitological methods for schistosomiasis diagnosis. Detection of parasite circulating antigens might provide more
informative result as it may indicate the true status of infection. In this study, S. japonicum thioredoxin peroxidase-1 (SjTPx-1) a 22 kDa secreted antioxidant enzyme expressed throughout the life
stages of the parasite was evaluated for its potential use as a biomarker for schistosomiasis japonica infection. Rabbit polyclonal antibody and mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were raised against the recombinant
SjTPx-1 (rSjTPx-1). The antibodies produced against the recombinant antigen was confirmed to detect the native SjTPx-1 in crude adult worm lysate. Likewise, the specific binding of mAbs to parasite TPx-1 and not to
mammalian peroxiredoxin-1 orthologues was also confirmed. The double antibody sandwich ELISA developed in this study was able to detect at least 1 ng/ml of rSjTPx-1. In addition, this
method was able to detect the antigen from all serum samples of experimentally infected rabbit and mice. The diagnostic potential of SjTPx-1 in human clinical samples was also evaluated, in which 4 out of 10
stool-confirmed serum samples had detectable levels of the antigen. The results suggest that SjTPx-1 can be a potential biomarker for Asian zoonotic schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Miki C Macalanda
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Jose Ma M Angeles
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kharleezelle J Moendeg
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Anh Tm Dang
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Luna Higuchi
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Noboru Inoue
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Masashi Kirinoki
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Yuichi Chigusa
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Lydia R Leonardo
- Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines
| | - Elena A Villacorte
- Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines
| | - Pilarita T Rivera
- Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines
| | - Yasuyuki Goto
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kawazu
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Li Y, Sun Y, Gu X, Xie Y, Lai W, Jing B, Peng X, Yang G. Prokaryotic Expression and Serodiagnostic Potential of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase and Thioredoxin Peroxidase from Baylisascaris schroederi. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8110293. [PMID: 29068407 PMCID: PMC5704206 DOI: 10.3390/genes8110293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Baylisascaris schroederi, a roundworm parasite of giant pandas, badly affects the health of its hosts. Diagnosis of this disease currently depends mainly on sedimentation floatation and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) methods to detect the eggs. However, neither of these methods is suitable for diagnosis of early-stage panda baylisascariasis and no information on early diagnosis of this disease is available so far. Therefore, to develop an effective serologic diagnostic method, this study produced recombinant glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and thioredoxin peroxidase (Tpx) proteins from B. schroederi using a prokaryotic expression system. We determined the immunological characteristics of these proteins and their location in the parasite. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were established to detect B. schroederi infection in giant pandas based on GAPDH and Tpx respectively. The open reading frame of the GAPDH gene (1083 bp) encoded a 39 kDa protein, while the predicted molecular weight of Tpx (588 bp) was 21.6 kDa. Western-blotting analysis revealed that both recombinant proteins could be recognized with positive serum of pandas infected with B. schroederi. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the endogenous GAPDH of B. schroederi was widely distributed in the worm while Tpx was mainly localized in the muscle, eggs, gut wall, uterus wall and hypodermis. Serological tests showed that the GAPDH-based indirect ELISA had a sensitivity of 95.83% and specificity of 100%, while the test using Tpx as the antigen had sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 91.7%. Thus, B. schroederi Tpx is unsuitable as a diagnostic antigen for baylisascariasis, but B. schroederi GAPDH is a good candidate diagnostic antigen for B. schroederi in pandas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Weiming Lai
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Bo Jing
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xuerong Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life and Basic Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Moendeg KJ, Angeles JMM, Nakao R, Leonardo LR, Fontanilla IKC, Goto Y, Kirinoki M, Villacorte EA, Rivera PT, Inoue N, Chigusa Y, Kawazu SI. Geographic strain differentiation of Schistosoma japonicum in the Philippines using microsatellite markers. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005749. [PMID: 28692692 PMCID: PMC5519200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microsatellites have been found to be useful in determining genetic diversities of various medically-important parasites which can be used as basis for an effective disease management and control program. In Asia and Africa, the identification of different geographical strains of Schistosoma japonicum, S. haematobium and S. mansoni as determined through microsatellites could pave the way for a better understanding of the transmission epidemiology of the parasite. Thus, the present study aims to apply microsatellite markers in analyzing the populations of S. japonicum from different endemic areas in the Philippines for possible strain differentiation. METHODOLOGY/ PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Experimental mice were infected using the cercariae of S. japonicum collected from infected Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi snails in seven endemic municipalities. Adult worms were harvested from infected mice after 45 days of infection and their DNA analyzed against ten previously characterized microsatellite loci. High genetic diversity was observed in areas with high endemicity. The degree of genetic differentiation of the parasite population between endemic areas varies. Geographical separation was considered as one of the factors accounting for the observed difference between populations. Two subgroups have been observed in one of the study sites, suggesting that co-infection with several genotypes of the parasite might be present in the population. Clustering analysis showed no particular spatial structuring between parasite populations from different endemic areas. This result could possibly suggest varying degrees of effects of the ongoing control programs and the existing gene flow in the populations, which might be attributed to migration and active movement of infected hosts from one endemic area to another. CONCLUSIONS/ SIGNIFICANCE Based on the results of the study, it is reasonable to conclude that genetic diversity could be one possible criterion to assess the infection status in highly endemic areas. Genetic surveillance using microsatellites is therefore important to predict the ongoing gene flow and degree of genetic diversity, which indirectly reflects the success of the control program in schistosomiasis-endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kharleezelle J. Moendeg
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jose Ma M. Angeles
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakao
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Lydia R. Leonardo
- Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Yasuyuki Goto
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Kirinoki
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Elena A. Villacorte
- Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines
| | - Pilarita T. Rivera
- Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines
| | - Noboru Inoue
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuichi Chigusa
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Kawazu
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
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Feng J, Xu R, Zhang X, Han Y, He C, Lu C, Hong Y, Lu K, Li H, Jin Y, Lin J, Liu J. A candidate recombinant antigen for diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica in domestic animals. Vet Parasitol 2017; 243:242-247. [PMID: 28807301 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Domestic animals infected with Schistosoma japonicum are a major source of infection and play an important role in transmission to humans. A key strategy for the elimination of schistosomiasis is to control the sources of infection. In the present study, we identified a candidate diagnostic antigen-encoding gene, SjMRP1, the putative multidrug resistance protein 1 gene, by screening a cDNA phage display library from 44-day-old S. japonicum worms using IgGs from goat, cattle, and buffalo infected with S. japonicum. We cloned and expressed the fragment of SjMRP1 and subsequently evaluated the diagnostic potential of the recombinant protein rSjMRP1. In the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of rSjMRP1 (rSjMRP1-ELISA), the sensitivity in goat, cattle, and buffalo was 95.6% (86/90), 100% (22/22), and 90% (81/90), respectively, and the specificity was 100% (30/30) in goat and cattle and 96.67% (29/30) in buffalo. These results were not significantly different from soluble egg antigen (SEA)-ELISA results. Notably, rSjMRP1-ELISA has no cross reaction with Haemonchus contortus, a most common nematode seen in goat and bovine in China, in 13 infected goats, and with Orientobilhazia turkestanica, which is genetically under Schistosoma, in 36 infected goats; whereas SEA-ELISA showed false positive rate of 15.38% and 83.33% in the two respective animal groups. The results obtained here suggest that rSjMRP1 may be used for diagnosis of S. japonicum infection of domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Feng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Rui Xu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yu Han
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Chuanchuan He
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Chao Lu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yang Hong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Ke Lu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yamei Jin
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Jiaojiao Lin
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious and Zoonosea, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, PR China
| | - Jinming Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
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Lv C, Hong Y, Fu Z, Lu K, Cao X, Wang T, Zhu C, Li H, Xu R, Jia B, Han Q, Dou X, Shen Y, Zhang Z, Zai J, Feng J, Lin J. Evaluation of recombinant multi-epitope proteins for diagnosis of goat schistosomiasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:135. [PMID: 26955957 PMCID: PMC4784438 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis is a huge threat to human and animal health. Apart from bovines, goats play an important role in the transmission of schistosomiasis in some endemic areas of China. An accessible, quality-assured goat schistosomiasis diagnostic technique is needed. Recently, our laboratory identified two recombinant diagnostic antigens, SjPGM and SjRAD23 via an immuno-proteomic method. The application of these two recombinant antigens to develop a higher sensitivity and specificity technique for the sheep schistosomiasis diagnosis is urgently needed. Methods Epitopes of SjPGM and SjRAD23 were predicted and three polypeptides, two from SjRAD23 and one from SjPGM, were selected. Recombinant plasmids containing two to three DNA sequences encoding predicted polypeptides or large hydrophilic region of Sj23 (LHD-Sj23) were constructed and expressed. Eight recombinant schistosome antigens including four multi-epitope proteins and four recombinant single-molecule antigens as well as SEA, were assessed by ELISA in 91 sera from schistosome-infected goats, 44 sera from non-infected goats, 37 sera from Orientobilharzia-infected goats, and 12 from Haemonchus contortus-infected goats. Results ELISA tests showed that three multi-epitope proteins had higher sensitivity than the four single-molecule antigens (rSjRAD23, rSjPGM, rBSjRAD23-1, rBSj23) and the multi-epitope protein rBSjPGM-BSjRAD23-1-BSj23 had the highest sensitivity (97.8 %, 89/91) and maintained good specificity (100 %, 44/44) as well as low cross-reactivity with haemonchosis (8.33 %, 3/12) and orientobilharziasis (13.51 %, 5/37) in the diagnosis of goat schistosomiasis. In contrast, when SEA was applied as a diagnosis antigen, it had 100 % (91/91) sensitivity, 75 % (33/44) specificity, 25 and 83.78 % cross-reactivity with haemonchosis (3/12) and orientobilharziasis (31/37), respectively. Conclusions The application of recombinant multi-epitope proteins may increase the sensitivity of diagnosis technique and retain high specificity of single-molecule antigens for schistosomiasis, and the recombinant antigen rBSjPGM-BSjRAD23-1-BSj23 has the potential to be used as a diagnosis antigen for goat schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,College of Life and Environmental Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ke Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaodan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chuangang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Rui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bingguang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qian Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuefeng Dou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,College of Life and Environmental Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuanxi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,College of Life and Environmental Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zuhang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jinli Zai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jintao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.
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Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a major neglected tropical disease that afflicts more than 240 million people, including many children and young adults, in the tropics and subtropics. The disease is characterized by chronic infections with significant residual morbidity and is of considerable public health importance, with substantial socioeconomic impacts on impoverished communities. Morbidity reduction and eventual elimination through integrated intervention measures are the focuses of current schistosomiasis control programs. Precise diagnosis of schistosome infections, in both mammalian and snail intermediate hosts, will play a pivotal role in achieving these goals. Nevertheless, despite extensive efforts over several decades, the search for sensitive and specific diagnostics for schistosomiasis is ongoing. Here we review the area, paying attention to earlier approaches but emphasizing recent developments in the search for new diagnostics for schistosomiasis with practical applications in the research laboratory, the clinic, and the field. Careful and rigorous validation of these assays and their cost-effectiveness will be needed, however, prior to their adoption in support of policy decisions for national public health programs aimed at the control and elimination of schistosomiasis.
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Angeles JMM, Leonardo LR, Goto Y, Kirinoki M, Villacorte EA, Hakimi H, Moendeg KJ, Lee S, Rivera PT, Inoue N, Chigusa Y, Kawazu SI. Water buffalo as sentinel animals for schistosomiasis surveillance. Bull World Health Organ 2015; 93:511-2. [PMID: 26170512 PMCID: PMC4490807 DOI: 10.2471/blt.14.143065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ma M Angeles
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan 080-8555
| | - Lydia R Leonardo
- Department of Parasitology, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Yasuyuki Goto
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Kirinoki
- Laboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Elena A Villacorte
- Department of Parasitology, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Hassan Hakimi
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan 080-8555
| | - Kharleezelle J Moendeg
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan 080-8555
| | - Seungyeon Lee
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan 080-8555
| | - Pilarita T Rivera
- Department of Parasitology, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Noboru Inoue
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan 080-8555
| | - Yuichi Chigusa
- Laboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Kawazu
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan 080-8555
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Development of monoclonal antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum thioredoxin peroxidase 1 and its possible application for malaria diagnosis. Exp Parasitol 2015; 154:62-6. [PMID: 25913091 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have been considered as an ideal alternative for light microscopy to detect malaria parasites especially in remote areas. The development and improvement of RDTs is an area of intensive research in the last decade. To date, few parasite proteins have been targeted in RDTs which are known to have certain deficiencies and made the researchers to look for other promising candidates to address this problem. Plasmodium falciparum thioredoxin peroxidase 1 (PfTPx-1) is abundantly expressed in the cytoplasm of the parasite and well conserved across Plasmodium species, making this antigen a promising target for malaria diagnosis. Several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced against PfTPx-1. The binding affinities of mAbs were measured. Several immunochromatographic tests (ICTs) were developed using different combination of mAbs. All mAbs showed promising affinities to be used for diagnosis. The sensitivities of ICTs were evaluated using recombinant PfTPx-1 whose results lead us to the preparation of 4 different ICTs. These tests showed positive reaction with P. falciparum in vitro culture supernatant indicating the release of PfTPx-1 during schizont rupture. Altogether, these findings suggest that PfTPx-1 is a promising biomarker to diagnose P. falciparum infection. However, the diagnostic performance of this antigen should be further validated using clinical samples.
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Hong Y, Zhang M, Yang J, Cao X, Han Q, Han Y, Qiu C, Zhu C, Lu K, Li H, Fu Z, Lin J. Immunoproteomic analysis of Schistosoma japonicum schistosomulum proteins recognized by immunoglobulin G in the sera of susceptible and non-susceptible hosts. J Proteomics 2015; 124:25-38. [PMID: 25896740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to search for immunogenic schistosomula proteins in the hope of identifying novel intervention targets. Schistosomula proteins were analyzed by immunoproteomic which the probes were sera derived from BALB/c mice (susceptible hosts) and Microtus fortis (resistant hosts). A total of 116 immunoreactive proteins recognized by 10 days post-infected BALB/c mice, M. fortis sera, and uninfected M. fortis sera were selected for further analysis. Finally, 95 protein spots were identified by mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the differentially identified immunogenic proteins participated mainly in cytoskeleton organization, cell motility, energy metabolism, responses to stimuli, and protein folding. Many of these proteins were the tegument or excretory-secretory products of schistosomes reported in previous studies. Among of them, Schistosoma japonicum DnaJ (Hsp40) homologue (SjDnaJ) was successfully expressed and the purified recombinant product was evaluated by immunoprotective experiment. After immunization of BALB/c mice with recombinant SjDnaJ, it could induce 34.5% and 48.9% reductions in the numbers of worms and eggs in the liver. These results contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the host-parasite relationship and provide a major dataset to facilitate the further development of new vaccine candidates and/or diagnostic markers for schistosomiasis. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Schistosomiasis is caused by parasitic blood-dwelling flukes in tropical and subtropical areas, and it is one of the world's most prevalent tropical diseases. The lack of effective vaccine and reliable diagnostic methods make this disease difficult to control. In China, S. japonicum can infect more than 40 different susceptible mammals for this parasite. However, M. fortis is the only known mammal where the schistosome cannot develop and it exhibits no significant pathological effects. Many studies' results showed that native antibodies against S. japonicum are present in M. fortis that may have important anti-schistosomiasis roles during the infection process. The aim of this study was to search for immunogenic schistosomula proteins in the hope of identifying novel intervention targets. We present a comparative immunoproteomics analysis of the proteins recognized by susceptible and resistant host antibodies before and 10-days after infections. The results of this analysis will be helpful for identifying the key molecules required for the survival and development of schistosomes. At the same time, the study contributes to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the host-parasite relationship associated with schistosomes and they also provide a major dataset to facilitate the further development of new diagnostic assays and/or vaccine candidates for schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province 471023, PR China
| | - Jianmei Yang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Cao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Qian Han
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yanhui Han
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China; College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China
| | - Chunhui Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, FuZhou, Fujian Province 350002, PR China
| | - Chuangang Zhu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Ke Lu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Fu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
| | - Jiaojiao Lin
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, PR China.
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Zhang M, Fu Z, Li C, Han Y, Cao X, Han H, Liu Y, Lu K, Hong Y, Lin J. Screening diagnostic candidates for schistosomiasis from tegument proteins of adult Schistosoma japonicum using an immunoproteomic approach. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003454. [PMID: 25706299 PMCID: PMC4338221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is one of the world's most prevalent zoonotic diseases and a serious worldwide public health problem. Since the tegument (TG) of Schistosoma japonicum is in direct contact with the host and induces a host immune response against infection, the identification of immune response target molecules in the schistosome TG is crucial for screening diagnostic antigens for this disease. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, an immunoproteomics approach used TG proteins as screening antigens to identify potential diagnostic molecules of S. japonicum. Ten spots corresponding to six proteins were identified that immunoreacted with sera from S. japonicum-infected rabbits but not sera from uninfected rabbits and their specific IgG antibody levels declined quickly after praziquantel treatment. Recombinant phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM) and UV excision repair protein RAD23 homolog B (RAD23) proteins were expressed and their diagnostic potential for schistosomiasis was evaluated and compared with schistosome soluble egg antigen (SEA) using ELISA. The results showed high sensitivity and specificity and low crossreactivity when rSjPGM-ELISA and rSjRAD23-ELISA were used to detect water buffalo schistosomiasis. Moreover, antibodies to rSjPGM and rSjRAD23 might be short-lived since they declined quickly after chemotherapy. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Therefore, the two schistosome TG proteins SjPGM and SjRAD23 were identified as potential diagnostic markers for the disease. The two recombinant proteins might have the potential to evaluate the effectiveness of drug treatments and for distinguishing between current and past infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Changjian Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhui Han
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaodan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yantao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaojiao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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Gordon CA, Acosta LP, Gobert GN, Olveda RM, Ross AG, Williams GM, Gray DJ, Harn D, Li Y, McManus DP. Real-time PCR demonstrates high prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum in the Philippines: implications for surveillance and control. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003483. [PMID: 25606851 PMCID: PMC4301913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Philippines has a population of approximately 103 million people, of which 6.7 million live in schistosomiasis-endemic areas with 1.8 million people being at risk of infection with Schistosoma japonicum. Although the country-wide prevalence of schistosomiasis japonica in the Philippines is relatively low, the prevalence of schistosomiasis can be high, approaching 65% in some endemic areas. Of the currently available microscopy-based diagnostic techniques for detecting schistosome infections in the Philippines and elsewhere, most exhibit varying diagnostic performances, with the Kato-Katz (KK) method having particularly poor sensitivity for detecting low intensity infections. This suggests that the actual prevalence of schistosomiasis japonica may be much higher than previous reports have indicated. Methodology/Principal Findings Six barangay (villages) were selected to determine the prevalence of S. japonicum in humans in the municipality of Palapag, Northern Samar. Fecal samples were collected from 560 humans and examined by the KK method and a validated real-time PCR (qPCR) assay. A high S. japonicum prevalence (90.2%) was revealed using qPCR whereas the KK method indicated a lower prevalence (22.9%). The geometric mean eggs per gram (GMEPG) determined by the qPCR was 36.5 and 11.5 by the KK. These results, particularly those obtained by the qPCR, indicate that the prevalence of schistosomiasis in this region of the Philippines is much higher than historically reported. Conclusions/Significance Despite being more expensive, qPCR can complement the KK procedure, particularly for surveillance and monitoring of areas where extensive schistosomiasis control has led to low prevalence and intensity infections and where schistosomiasis elimination is on the horizon, as for example in southern China. Schistosomiasis is caused by infection with trematode blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma. Schistosoma japonicum is the causative agent of schistosomiasis in the Philippines, China and parts of Indonesia. In the Philippines, 6.7 million people live in endemic areas and 1.8 million are at risk of infection whereas concerted control efforts over the past 50 years in China have reduced the number of infected individuals considerably. Currently used microscopic techniques for diagnosis, notably the Kato-Katz (KK) technique, lack sensitivity in areas with low intensity schistosome infections. We have used a molecular diagnostic approach (qPCR), to assess the prevalence of S. japonicum in humans from six barangays in Northern Samar, the Philippines. The qPCR performed considerably better than the KK as a diagnostic procedure and could be an important tool in the future for surveillance and monitoring of areas where extensive schistosomiasis control has led to low prevalence and intensity infections and where schistosomiasis elimination is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine. A. Gordon
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Discipline of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail: (CAG); (DPM)
| | - Luz P. Acosta
- Department of Immunology, Research Institute of Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Geoffrey N. Gobert
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Remigio M. Olveda
- Department of Immunology, Research Institute of Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Allen G. Ross
- Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gail M. Williams
- Discipline of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Darren J. Gray
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Discipline of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Research School of Population Health, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Donald Harn
- University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Donald P. McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail: (CAG); (DPM)
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Moendeg KJ, Angeles JMM, Goto Y, Leonardo LR, Kirinoki M, Villacorte EA, Rivera PT, Inoue N, Chigusa Y, Kawazu SI. Development and optimization of cocktail-ELISA for a unified surveillance of zoonotic schistosomiasis in multiple host species. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:1225-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4312-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of the most prevalent, insidious and serious of the tropical parasitic diseases. Although the effective anthelmintic drug, praziquantel, is widely available and cheap, it does not protect against re-infection, drug-resistant schistosome may evolve and mass drug administration programmes based around praziquantel are probably unsustainable long term. Whereas protective anti-schistosome vaccines are not yet available, the zoonotic nature of Schistosoma japonicum provides a novel approach for developing a transmission-blocking veterinary vaccine in domestic animals, especially bovines, which are major reservoir hosts, being responsible for up to 90% of environmental egg contamination in China and the Philippines. However, a greater knowledge of schistosome immunology is required to understand the processes associated with anti-schistosome protective immunity and to reinforce the rationale for vaccine development against schistosomiasis japonica. Importantly as well, improved diagnostic tests, with high specificity and sensitivity, which are simple, rapid and able to diagnose light S. japonicum infections, are required to determine the extent of transmission interruption and the complete elimination of schistosomiasis following control efforts. This article discusses aspects of the host immune response in schistosomiasis, the current status of vaccine development against S. japonicum and reviews approaches for diagnosing and detecting schistosome infections in mammalian hosts.
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Kenguele HM, Adegnika AA, Nkoma AM, Ateba-Ngoa U, Mbong M, Zinsou J, Lell B, Verweij JJ. Impact of short-time urine freezing on the sensitivity of an established Schistosoma real-time PCR assay. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 90:1153-5. [PMID: 24710612 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Urogenital schistosomiaisis is a serious public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, we have updated an established real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) routinely used in our laboratory. Schistosoma genus-specific real-time PCR was performed on DNA isolated from 85 urine samples and pellets obtained after centrifugation without and after frozen storage. The results revealed that concentration by centrifugation of the urine samples and freezing of the samples before extracting DNA improves the sensitivity of the PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilaire M Kenguele
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer Gabon; Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Ayola A Adegnika
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer Gabon; Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Nkoma
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer Gabon; Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Ulysse Ateba-Ngoa
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer Gabon; Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Mirabeau Mbong
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer Gabon; Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Jeannot Zinsou
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer Gabon; Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Bertrand Lell
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer Gabon; Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Jaco J Verweij
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer Gabon; Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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Zhang R, Zheng W, Wu X, Jise Q, Ren Y, Nong X, Gu X, Wang S, Peng X, Lai S, Yang G. Characterisation and analysis of thioredoxin peroxidase as a potential antigen for the serodiagnosis of sarcoptic mange in rabbits by dot-ELISA. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:336. [PMID: 23875925 PMCID: PMC3733899 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scabies caused by Sarcoptes scabiei is a widespread but a neglected tropical zoonosis. In this study, we characterised a S. scabiei thioredoxin peroxidase (SsTPx) and evaluated a recombinant SsTPx as a diagnostic antigen in rabbits. METHODS The open reading frame of the gene encoding SsTPx-2 was amplified and the recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli cells and purified. SsTPx was localized in mite tissue by immunolocalisation using the purified recombinant protein. Serodiagnosis assays were carried out in 203 New Zealand White rabbit serum samples by dot-ELISA. RESULT The open reading frame (489 bp) of the gene encodes an 18.11 kDa protein, which showed highly homology to that of Psoroptes cuniculi (98.77% identity) and belongs to the 2-Cys family of peroxiredoxins. SsTPx was mainly distributed in muscle tissues of mites, integument of the epidermis and the anterior end of S. scabiei. Although SsTPx cross-reactivity with psoroptic mites was observed, the SsTPx dot-ELISA showed excellent diagnostic ability, with 95.3% sensitivity and 93.8% specificity in mange-infected and uninfected groups. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the purified SsTPx is a highly sensitive antigen for the diagnosis of mange infection by dot-ELISA. This technique is a rapid and convenient method that can be used worldwide for the clinical diagnosis of sarcoptic mange in rabbits, and is especially useful in developing regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhui Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Wanpeng Zheng
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Xuhang Wu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Quwu Jise
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Yongjun Ren
- Sichuan Academy of Animal Husbandry Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Xiang Nong
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Shuxian Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Xuerong Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life and Basic Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Songjia Lai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
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Angeles JMM, Kirinoki M, Goto Y, Asada M, Hakimi H, Leonardo LR, Tongol-Rivera P, Villacorte EA, Inoue N, Chigusa Y, Kawazu SI. Localization and expression profiling of a 31 kDa antigenic repetitive protein Sjp_0110390 in Schistosoma japonicum life stages. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2012; 187:98-102. [PMID: 23254201 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sj7TR is a 13 kDa repetitive region of a 31 kDa protein in Schistosoma japonicum known as Sjp_0110390 that showed high sensitivity and specificity in antibody detection against schistosomiasis patients. However, the current database for S. japonicum genes characterized it only as an expressed protein. A more thorough understanding of this antigenic protein is therefore necessary to possibly give more information about the nature of this protein and its role in the parasite. In this study, immunolocalization and expression profiling were done for Sjp_0110390 on the different stages of the parasite. Immunofluorescent assay showed that Sjp_0110390 was expressed in the young stages of the parasites including the schistosomula, eggs, aquatic and intra-molluscan stages. This was supported by the reverse-transcriptase PCR which confirmed the stage-specific expression of Sjp_0110390 and Western blot test which detected the protein in the extracted eggs proteins, but not in the adults. Furthermore, it was also highly expressed in infected Oncomelania hupensis nosophora snails suggesting that Sjp_0110390 might have a role in the development of the parasite inside the intermediate host. This result also suggests that Sj7TR might be used not only for human diagnosis but to detect snail infection as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ma M Angeles
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
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Xu B, Gordon CA, Hu W, McManus DP, Chen HG, Gray DJ, Ju C, Zeng XJ, Gobert GN, Ge J, Lan WM, Xie SY, Jiang WS, Ross AG, Acosta LP, Olveda R, Feng Z. A novel procedure for precise quantification of Schistosoma japonicum eggs in bovine feces. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1885. [PMID: 23166847 PMCID: PMC3499414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis japonica is a zoonosis with a number of mammalian species acting as reservoir hosts, including water buffaloes which can contribute up to 75% to human transmission in the People's Republic of China. Determining prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma japonicum in mammalian hosts is important for calculating transmission rates and determining environmental contamination. A new procedure, the formalin–ethyl acetate sedimentation-digestion (FEA–SD) technique, for increased visualization of S. japonicum eggs in bovine feces, is described that is an effective technique for identifying and quantifying S. japonicum eggs in fecal samples from naturally infected Chinese water buffaloes and from carabao (water buffalo) in the Philippines. The procedure involves filtration, sedimentation, potassium hydroxide digestion and centrifugation steps prior to microscopy. Bulk debris, including the dense cellulosic material present in bovine feces, often obscures schistosome eggs with the result that prevalence and infection intensity based on direct visualization cannot be made accurately. This technique removes nearly 70% of debris from the fecal samples and renders the remaining debris translucent. It allows improved microscopic visualization of S. japonicum eggs and provides an accurate quantitative method for the estimation of infection in bovines and other ruminant reservoir hosts. We show that the FEA-SD technique could be of considerable value if applied as a surveillance tool for animal reservoirs of S. japonicum, particularly in areas with low to high infection intensity, or where, following control efforts, there is suspected elimination of schistosomiasis japonica. Schistosomiasis japonica, a chronic human parasitic disease in the People's Republic of China, the Philippines and areas of Indonesia, is a zoonosis with over 40 different mammals, including a number of ruminants, that can act as reservoir hosts for the infection. Precise identification of the major infection reservoirs is important for the control of Schistosoma japonicum as their targeted treatment can prevent environmental contamination and transmission of the parasite, thus reducing the risk to humans. Current copro-parasitological techniques are generally unsatisfactory for identifying and quantifying S. japonicum eggs in ruminant feces due to the large volume of cellulosic debris present. The new approach we describe here, the FEA–SD technique, removes much of this material by sieving and centrifugation with ethyl actate and renders any remaining debris transparent by use of a potassium hydroxide (KOH) digestion, providing much improved visualization of eggs, enabling the collection of more accurate data on S. japonicum infection in ruminants. This new tool will be of particular value for monitoring schistosome prevalence and intensity in animal reservoirs in areas of the People's Republic of China that are heading toward schistosomiasis elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Catherine A. Gordon
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail: (CAG); (ZF)
| | - Wei Hu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Donald P. McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hong-Gen Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Darren J. Gray
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chuan Ju
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Zeng
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Geoffrey N. Gobert
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jun Ge
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ming Lan
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ying Xie
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Sheng Jiang
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Allen G. Ross
- Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Luz P. Acosta
- Research Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Immunology, Manila, Philippines
| | - Remigio Olveda
- Research Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Immunology, Manila, Philippines
| | - Zheng Feng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (CAG); (ZF)
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