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Zang X, Li G, Zhu J, Dong X, Zhai Y. Evaluation of the adjuvant effect of imiquimod and CpG ODN 1826 in chimeric DNA vaccine against Japanese encephalitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 140:112816. [PMID: 39083930 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Vaccines represent a significant milestone in the history of human medical science and serve as the primary means for controlling infectious diseases. In recent years, the geographical distribution of Japanese encephalitis viruses (JEV) of various genotypes has become increasingly complex, which provides a rationale for the development of safer and more effective vaccines. The advent of subunit and nucleic acid vaccines, especially propelled by advancements in genetic engineering since the 1980s, has accelerated the application of novel adjuvants. These novel vaccine adjuvants have diversified into toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, complex adjuvants, nanoparticles and so on. However, the efficacy of adjuvant combinations can vary depending on the host system, disease model, or vaccine formulation, sometimes resulting in competitive or counteractive effects. In our previous study, we constructed a pJME-LC3 chimeric DNA vaccine aimed at inducing an immune response through autophagy induction. Building on this, we investigated the impact of the TLR7/8 agonist imiquimod (IMQ) and the TLR9 agonist CpG ODN 1826 as adjuvants on the immunogenicity of the Japanese encephalitis chimeric DNA vaccine. Our findings indicate that the combination of the pJME-LC3 vaccine with IMQ and CpG ODN 1826 adjuvants enhanced the innate immune response, promoting the maturation and activation of antigen-presenting cells in the early immune response. Furthermore, it played a regulatory and optimizing role in subsequent antigen-specific immune responses, resulting in effective cellular and humoral immunity and providing prolonged immune protection. The synergistic effect of IMQ and CpG ODN 1826 as adjuvants offers a novel approach for the development of Japanese encephalitis nucleic acid vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Guozhen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Red Cross Hospital, Wuhan 430015, China
| | - Junyao Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Xiaoying Dong
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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Liu T, Yao W, Sun W, Yuan Y, Liu C, Liu X, Wang X, Jiang H. Components, Formulations, Deliveries, and Combinations of Tumor Vaccines. ACS NANO 2024; 18:18801-18833. [PMID: 38979917 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Tumor vaccines, an important part of immunotherapy, prevent cancer or kill existing tumor cells by activating or restoring the body's own immune system. Currently, various formulations of tumor vaccines have been developed, including cell vaccines, tumor cell membrane vaccines, tumor DNA vaccines, tumor mRNA vaccines, tumor polypeptide vaccines, virus-vectored tumor vaccines, and tumor-in-situ vaccines. There are also multiple delivery systems for tumor vaccines, such as liposomes, cell membrane vesicles, viruses, exosomes, and emulsions. In addition, to decrease the risk of tumor immune escape and immune tolerance that may exist with a single tumor vaccine, combination therapy of tumor vaccines with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, CAR-T therapy, or photoimmunotherapy is an effective strategy. Given the critical role of tumor vaccines in immunotherapy, here, we look back to the history of tumor vaccines, and we discuss the antigens, adjuvants, formulations, delivery systems, mechanisms, combination therapy, and future directions of tumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Wenyan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Wenyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Yihan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
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Scheunemann JF, Risch F, Reichwald JJ, Lenz B, Neumann AL, Garbe S, Frohberger SJ, Koschel M, Ajendra J, Rothe M, Latz E, Coch C, Hartmann G, Schumak B, Hoerauf A, Hübner MP. Potential of Nucleic Acid Receptor Ligands to Improve Vaccination Efficacy against the Filarial Nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050966. [PMID: 37243070 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
More than two-hundred-million people are infected with filariae worldwide. However, there is no vaccine available that confers long-lasting protection against filarial infections. Previous studies indicated that vaccination with irradiated infective L3 larvae reduces the worm load. This present study investigated whether the additional activation of cytosolic nucleic acid receptors as an adjuvant improves the efficacy of vaccination with irradiated L3 larvae of the rodent filaria Litomosoides sigmodontis with the aim of identifying novel vaccination strategies for filarial infections. Subcutaneous injection of irradiated L3 larvae in combination with poly(I:C) or 3pRNA resulted in neutrophil recruitment to the skin, accompanied by higher IP-10/CXCL10 and IFN-β RNA levels. To investigate the impact on parasite clearance, BALB/c mice received three subcutaneous injections in 2-week intervals with irradiated L3 larvae in combination with poly(I:C) or 3pRNA prior to the challenge infection. Vaccination with irradiated L3 larvae in combination with poly(I:C) or 3pRNA led to a markedly greater reduction in adult-worm counts by 73% and 57%, respectively, compared to the immunization with irradiated L3 larvae alone (45%). In conclusion, activation of nucleic acid-sensing immune receptors boosts the protective immune response against L. sigmodontis and nucleic acid-receptor agonists as vaccine adjuvants represent a promising novel strategy to improve the efficacy of vaccines against filariae and potentially other helminths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna F Scheunemann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frederic Risch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia J Reichwald
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Benjamin Lenz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Neumann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephan Garbe
- Clinic for Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan J Frohberger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marianne Koschel
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jesuthas Ajendra
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Maximilian Rothe
- Institute for Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute for Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Coch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Nextevidence GmbH, 81541 Munich, Germany
| | - Gunther Hartmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Beatrix Schumak
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marc P Hübner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Dibo N, Liu X, Chang Y, Huang S, Wu X. Pattern recognition receptor signaling and innate immune responses to schistosome infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1040270. [PMID: 36339337 PMCID: PMC9633954 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1040270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis remains to be a significant public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions. Despite remarkable progress that has been made in the control of the disease over the past decades, its elimination remains a daunting challenge in many countries. This disease is an inflammatory response-driven, and the positive outcome after infection depends on the regulation of immune responses that efficiently clear worms and allow protective immunity to develop. The innate immune responses play a critical role in host defense against schistosome infection and pathogenesis. Initial pro-inflammatory responses are essential for clearing invading parasites by promoting appropriate cell-mediated and humoral immunity. However, elevated and prolonged inflammatory responses against the eggs trapped in the host tissues contribute to disease progression. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of innate immune responses is important for developing effective therapies and vaccines. Here, we update the recent advances in the definitive host innate immune response to schistosome infection, especially highlighting the critical roles of pattern recognition receptors and cytokines. The considerations for further research are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouhoum Dibo
- Department of medical parasitology, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianshu Liu
- Department of medical parasitology, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunfeng Chang
- Department of Forensic Medicine Science, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Yueyang, China
| | - Shuaiqin Huang
- Department of medical parasitology, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Immunology and Transmission Control on Schistosomiasis, Hunan Provincial Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Yueyang, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Department of medical parasitology, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Immunology and Transmission Control on Schistosomiasis, Hunan Provincial Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Yueyang, China
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Yang JX, Tseng JC, Yu GY, Luo Y, Huang CYF, Hong YR, Chuang TH. Recent Advances in the Development of Toll-like Receptor Agonist-Based Vaccine Adjuvants for Infectious Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020423. [PMID: 35214155 PMCID: PMC8878135 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are powerful tools for controlling microbial infections and preventing epidemic diseases. Efficient inactive, subunit, or viral-like particle vaccines usually rely on a safe and potent adjuvant to boost the immune response to the antigen. After a slow start, over the last decade there has been increased developments on adjuvants for human vaccines. The development of adjuvants has paralleled our increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms for the pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-mediated activation of immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of PRRs that recognize microbial pathogens to initiate a host’s response to infection. Activation of TLRs triggers potent and immediate innate immune responses, which leads to subsequent adaptive immune responses. Therefore, these TLRs are ideal targets for the development of effective adjuvants. To date, TLR agonists such as monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and CpG-1018 have been formulated in licensed vaccines for their adjuvant activity, and other TLR agonists are being developed for this purpose. The COVID-19 pandemic has also accelerated clinical research of vaccines containing TLR agonist-based adjuvants. In this paper, we reviewed the agonists for TLR activation and the molecular mechanisms associated with the adjuvants’ effects on TLR activation, emphasizing recent advances in the development of TLR agonist-based vaccine adjuvants for infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xing Yang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (J.-X.Y.); (J.-C.T.)
| | - Jen-Chih Tseng
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (J.-X.Y.); (J.-C.T.)
| | - Guann-Yi Yu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan;
| | - Yunping Luo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China;
| | - Chi-Ying F. Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Ren Hong
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chuang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (J.-X.Y.); (J.-C.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
- Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-37-246166 (ext. 37611)
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A Squalene-Based Nanoemulsion for Therapeutic Delivery of Resiquimod. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122060. [PMID: 34959344 PMCID: PMC8706843 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Agonists for toll-like receptors (TLRs) have shown promising activities against cancer. In the present study, a squalene-based nanoemulsion (NE) was loaded with resiquimod, a TLR7/8 agonist for therapeutic delivery. R848 NE was developed and characterized for long-term stability. In vitro and in vivo antitumor immunity of R848 NE were also evaluated in combination with SD-101, a CpG-containing TLR9 agonist. In vitro studies demonstrated strong long-term stability and immune responses to R848 NE. When combined with SD-101, strong antitumor activity was observed in MC38 murine colon carcinoma model with over 80% tumor growth inhibition. The combination treatment showed a 4-fold increase in systemic TNFa production and a 2.6-fold increase in Cd8a expression in tumor tissues, suggesting strong cell-mediated immune responses against the tumor. The treatment not only demonstrated a strong antitumor immunity by TLR7/8 and TLR9 activations but also induced PD-L1 upregulation in tumors, suggesting a potential therapeutic synergy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Zawawi A, Else KJ. Soil-Transmitted Helminth Vaccines: Are We Getting Closer? Front Immunol 2020; 11:576748. [PMID: 33133094 PMCID: PMC7565266 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.576748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic helminths infect over one-fourth of the human population resulting in significant morbidity, and in some cases, death in endemic countries. Despite mass drug administration (MDA) to school-aged children and other control measures, helminth infections are spreading into new areas. Thus, there is a strong rationale for developing anthelminthic vaccines as cost-effective, long-term immunological control strategies, which, unlike MDA, are not haunted by the threat of emerging drug-resistant helminths nor limited by reinfection risk. Advances in vaccinology, immunology, and immunomics include the development of new tools that improve the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of vaccines; and some of these tools have been used in the development of helminth vaccines. The development of anthelminthic vaccines is fraught with difficulty. Multiple lifecycle stages exist each presenting stage-specific antigens. Further, helminth parasites are notorious for their ability to dampen down and regulate host immunity. One of the first significant challenges in developing any vaccine is identifying suitable candidate protective antigens. This review explores our current knowledge in lead antigen identification and reports on recent pre-clinical and clinical trials in the context of the soil-transmitted helminths Trichuris, the hookworms and Ascaris. Ultimately, a multivalent anthelminthic vaccine could become an essential tool for achieving the medium-to long-term goal of controlling, or even eliminating helminth infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayat Zawawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Ayat Zawawi
| | - Kathryn J. Else
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom,Kathryn J. Else
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Federico S, Pozzetti L, Papa A, Carullo G, Gemma S, Butini S, Campiani G, Relitti N. Modulation of the Innate Immune Response by Targeting Toll-like Receptors: A Perspective on Their Agonists and Antagonists. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13466-13513. [PMID: 32845153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damaged-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and they are involved in the regulation of innate immune system. These transmembrane receptors, localized at the cellular or endosomal membrane, trigger inflammatory processes through either myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) or TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) signaling pathways. In the last decades, extensive research has been performed on TLR modulators and their therapeutic implication under several pathological conditions, spanning from infections to cancer, from metabolic disorders to neurodegeneration and autoimmune diseases. This Perspective will highlight the recent discoveries in this field, emphasizing the role of TLRs in different diseases and the therapeutic effect of their natural and synthetic modulators, and it will discuss insights for the future exploitation of TLR modulators in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Federico
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Pozzetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Papa
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Relitti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
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Chen D, Zhao Y, Feng Y, Jin C, Yang Q, Qiu H, Xie H, Xie S, Zhou Y, Huang J. Expression of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7 on pulmonary lymphocytes of Schistosoma japonicum-infected C57BL/6 mice. Innate Immun 2020; 25:224-234. [PMID: 31018808 PMCID: PMC6830883 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919840424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the paramount role of TLRs in the induction of innate immune and
inflammatory responses, there is a paucity of studies on the role of TLRs in
Schistosoma japonicum infection. Here, we observed obvious
infiltration of inflammatory cells in S. japonicum-infected
C57BL/6 mouse lungs. Expression and release of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 were
significantly higher in pulmonary lymphocytes from infected mice compared with
control mice in response to anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 mAbs. Higher percentages of
TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7 were expressed on such lymphocytes, and the TLR
agonists PGN, Poly I:C, LPS, and R848 induced a higher level of IFN-γ. However,
a higher level of IL-4 was found in the supernatant of pulmonary lymphocytes
from infected mice stimulated by these TLR agonists plus CD3 Ab. Only R848 plus
anti-CD3 mAb could induce a higher level of IFN-γ in such lymphocytes. TLR
expressions were then compared on different pulmonary lymphocytes after
infection, including T cells, B cells, NK cells, NKT cells, and γδT cells. The
expression levels of TLR3 on T cells, B cells, NK cells, and γδT cells were
increased in the lungs after infection. NK cells also expressed higher levels of
TLR4 after infection of control mice. Collectively, these findings highlight the
potential role of TLR expression in the context of S. japonicum
infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianhui Chen
- 1 The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- 2 Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yuanfa Feng
- 2 Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Chenxi Jin
- 2 Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Quan Yang
- 2 Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Huaina Qiu
- 2 Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- 2 Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Sihao Xie
- 2 Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- 3 College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Jun Huang
- 2 Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, China
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Abstract
Skin cancer, as the most physically accessible malignancy, allows for the greatest variety in treatment innovation. The last 2 decades have seen striking increases in the life expectancies of those diagnosed with malignant melanoma. However, many cases remain in which disease prevails against standard treatment, and those patients rely on continuing ingenuity. Drugs that can be injected directly into patients' tumors have become increasingly promising, not least for the reduction in side effects observed. Intratumoral therapy encompasses a wide array of agents, from chemotherapeutic drugs to cancer vaccines. While each show some efficacy, those agents which regulate the immune system likely have the greatest potential for preventing disease progression or recurrence. Recent research has highlighted the importance of the presence of cytotoxic T cells and of keeping regulatory T cells in check. Thus, manipulating the tumor microenvironment is a need in skin cancer therapy, which intratumoral delivery can potentially address. In order to find the best approach to each person's disease, more studies are needed to test intralesional agents in combination with currently approved therapies and with each other.
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Tang CL, Gao YR, Wang LX, Zhu YW, Pan Q, Zhang RH, Xiong Y. Role of regulatory T cells in Schistosoma-mediated protection against type 1 diabetes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 491:110434. [PMID: 31078638 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of T1D in developed societies is partly based on the hygiene hypothesis, that is, the loss of exposure to infectious agents accompanies the loss of immune stimuli shaping the immune system during development. Indeed, the components of parasites, such as Schistosoma, have been reported to ameliorate or prevent the development of T1D, which might be associated with immune cell activity especially that of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Schistosoma infection can lead to the expansion of Treg. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the involvement of Tregs in the response against Schistosoma infection and the mechanism of Schistosoma-associated host protection against T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lian Tang
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China
| | - Yan-Ru Gao
- Medical Department, City College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430083, China
| | - Li-Xia Wang
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China
| | - Ya-Wen Zhu
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China
| | - Qun Pan
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China
| | - Rong-Hui Zhang
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China.
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12
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13
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Tang CL, Yang J, Cheng LY, Cheng LF, Liu ZM. Anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody enhances the protective efficacy of Schistosoma japonicum GST vaccine via inhibition of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:2727-2732. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Tebeje BM, Harvie M, You H, Loukas A, McManus DP. Schistosomiasis vaccines: where do we stand? Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:528. [PMID: 27716365 PMCID: PMC5045607 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, caused mainly by S. mansoni, S. haematobium and S. japonicum, continues to be a serious tropical disease and public health problem resulting in an unacceptably high level of morbidity in countries where it is endemic. Praziquantel, the only drug currently available for treatment, is unable to kill developing schistosomes, it does not prevent re-infection and its continued extensive use may result in the future emergence of drug-resistant parasites. This scenario provides impetus for the development and deployment of anti-schistosome vaccines to be used as part of an integrated approach for the prevention, control and eventual elimination of schistosomiasis. This review considers the present status of candidate vaccines for schistosomiasis, and provides some insight on future vaccine discovery and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biniam Mathewos Tebeje
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia. .,School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. .,Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Marina Harvie
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hong You
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
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15
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Wang X, Li L, Wang J, Dong L, Shu Y, Liang Y, Shi L, Xu C, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Chen D, Mao C. Inhibition of cytokine response to TLR stimulation and alleviation of collagen-induced arthritis in mice by Schistosoma japonicum peptide SJMHE1. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:475-486. [PMID: 27677654 PMCID: PMC5323857 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminth‐derived products have recently been shown to prevent the development of inflammatory diseases in mouse models. However, most identified immunomodulators from helminthes are mixtures or macromolecules with potentially immunogenic side effects. We previously identified an immunomodulatory peptide called SJMHE1 from the HSP60 protein of Schistosoma japonicum. In this study, we assessed the ability of SJMHE1 to affect murine splenocytes and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated by toll‐like receptor (TLR) ligands in vitro and its treatment effect on mice with collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA). We show that SJMHE1 not only modulates the cytokine production of murine macrophage (MΦ) and dendritic cell but also affects cytokine production upon coculturing with allogeneic CD4+ T cell. SJMHE1 potently inhibits the cytokine response to TLR ligands lipopolysaccharide (LPS), CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG) or resiquimod (R848) from mouse splenocytes, and human PBMCs stimulated by LPS. Furthermore, SJMHE1 suppressed clinical signs of CIA in mice and blocked joint erosion progression. This effect was mediated by downregulation of key cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of CIA, such as interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐17, and IL‐22 and up‐regulation of the inhibitory cytokine IL‐10, Tgf‐β1 mRNA, and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs. This study provides new evidence that the peptide from S. japonicum, which is the ‘safe’ selective generation of small molecule peptide that has evolved during host–parasite interactions, is of great value in the search for novel anti‐inflammatory agents and therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liyang Dong
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yang Shu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Clinical Laboratory, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated of Xuzhou Medical College, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chengcheng Xu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuepeng Zhou
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Deyu Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chaoming Mao
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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16
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Decrease in circulating CD25 hi Foxp3 + regulatory T cells following vaccination with the candidate malaria vaccine RTS,S. Vaccine 2016; 34:4618-4625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cheng PC, Lin CN, Peng SY, Kang TF, Lee KM. Combined IL-12 Plasmid and Recombinant SjGST Enhance the Protective and Anti-pathology Effect of SjGST DNA Vaccine Against Schistosoma japonicum. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004459. [PMID: 26891172 PMCID: PMC4758724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is listed as one of most important tropical diseases and more than 200 million people are estimated to be infected. Development of a vaccine is thought to be the most effective way to control this disease. Recombinant 26-kDa glutathione S-transferase (rSjGST) has previously been reported to achieve a worm reduction rate of 42-44%. To improve the efficiency of the vaccine against Schistosoma japonicum, we immunized mice with a combination of pcDNA vector-encoded 26-kDa SjGST (pcDNA/SjGST), IL-12 expressing-plasmid (pIL-12), and rSjGST. Co-vaccination with pcDNA/SjGST, pIL-12, and rSjGST led to a reduction in worm burden, hepatic egg burden, and the size of liver tissue granulomas than that in the untreated infection controls. In addition, we detected high levels of specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a against the rSjGST antigen in infected mice vaccinated with this combination of pcDNA/SjGST, pIL-12, and rSjGST. Moreover, high expression levels of Th2 cytokines, including IL-4 and IL-10, were also detected in this group, without diminished levels of IL-12, INF-γ, and TNF-α cytokines that are related to parasite killing. In conclusion, we have developed a new vaccination regimen against S. japonicum infection and shown that co-immunization with pcDNA/SjGST vaccine, pIL-12, and rSjGST has significant anti-parasite, anti-hepatic egg and anti-pathology effects in mice. The efficacy of this vaccination method should be further validated in large animals such as water buffalo. This method may help to reduce the transmission of zoonotic schistosomiasis japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ching Cheng
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (PCC); (KML)
| | - Ching-Nan Lin
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Mng University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, National Yang-Mng University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Fu Kang
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, National Yang-Mng University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kin-Mu Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (PCC); (KML)
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Wang X, Dong L, Liang Y, Ni H, Tang J, Xu C, Zhou Y, Su Y, Wang J, Chen D, Mao C. Performance evaluation of FlowCytomix assays to quantify cytokines in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:16158-16166. [PMID: 26629129 PMCID: PMC4659018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the cytokine profile in RA patients and healthy control by using two methods-FlowCytomix assay and traditional ELISA. METHODS Cytokine levels were evaluated by FlowCytomix assay and ELISA in serum and supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultures with and without stimulation by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). RESULTS The levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were significantly higher in sera of RA patients than those of healthy controls. The levels of IL-22, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 were higher in unstimulated PBMC culture supernatant of RA patients than those of healthy controls. PHA stimulation significantly increased the production of proinflammatory cytokines from PBMC with RA patients. Compared with detectable cytokine levels in sera, cytokine concentration in the supernatant of PBMCs was remarkably higher. FlowCytomix and ELISA showed significant correlation in detecting cytokines. However, the FlowCytomix assay detected more cytokines than ELISA. CONCLUSION The supernatant of PBMCs provide a fine condition for the study of cytokine production because of the lack of interference factors in sera. The FlowCytomix assay is more sensitive than ELISA in detecting cytokines from RA patients. Multiple cytokine signatures using FlowCytomix assay may represent a more realistic approach in the future of personalized medicine in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, P. R. China
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, P. R. China
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212002, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Liyang Dong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, P. R. China
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, P. R. China
| | - Yong Liang
- Clinical Laboratory, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated of Xuzhou Medical CollegeHuaian, P. R. China
| | - Hongchang Ni
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212002, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212002, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Chengcheng Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, P. R. China
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, P. R. China
| | - Yuepeng Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, P. R. China
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Su
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, P. R. China
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212002, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Deyu Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, P. R. China
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, P. R. China
| | - Chaoming Mao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, P. R. China
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, P. R. China
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Vicente B, López-Abán J, Rojas-Caraballo J, del Olmo E, Fernández-Soto P, Ramajo-Martín V, Muro A. The combination of the aliphatic diamine AA0029 in ADAD vaccination system with a recombinant fatty acid binding protein could be a good alternative for the animal schistosomiasis control. Exp Parasitol 2015; 154:134-42. [PMID: 25936981 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding proteins (FABP) from Fasciola hepatica have demonstrated immune cross-protection against schistosomes. The present study was conducted to develop a new formulation of the recombinant FABP rFh15 with the synthetic immunomodulator AA0029 in the adjuvant adaptation (ADAD) vaccination system and to evaluate its ability to induce immune response and protection against the challenge with Schistosoma bovis cercariae. Immunization of BALB/c mice showed high levels of TNFα, IFNγ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and IL-4 in splenocyte supernatant culture and also high levels of serum specific anti-rFh15 IgG, IgG1, IgG2a IgE and IgM antibodies suggesting a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response. Using this approach, high levels of protection against experimental challenge with S. bovis cercariae were observed in the mouse and hamster models. A marked reduction up to 64% in worm burden, as well as in the number of eggs retained in liver (66%) and intestine (77%) and hepatic lesions (42%), was achieved in vaccinated BALB/c mice. Golden hamsters vaccinated and challenged in similar conditions had reductions in recovered worms (83%), liver eggs (90%), intestine eggs (96%), liver lesions (56%) and worm fecundity (48-80%). These data suggest that formulation of rFh15 in the ADAD vaccination system using the AA0029 immunomodulator could be a good option to drive an effective immunological response against schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Vicente
- Parasite and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Tropical Disease Research Centre, Universidad de Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Avda. Licenciado Méndez Nieto s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Julio López-Abán
- Parasite and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Tropical Disease Research Centre, Universidad de Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Avda. Licenciado Méndez Nieto s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jose Rojas-Caraballo
- Parasite and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Tropical Disease Research Centre, Universidad de Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Avda. Licenciado Méndez Nieto s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Esther del Olmo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pedro Fernández-Soto
- Parasite and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Tropical Disease Research Centre, Universidad de Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Avda. Licenciado Méndez Nieto s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Muro
- Parasite and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Tropical Disease Research Centre, Universidad de Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Avda. Licenciado Méndez Nieto s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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20
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Ramakrishnan S, Annamalai A, Sachan S, Kumar A, Sharma BK, Govindaraj E, Chellappa MM, Dey S, Krishnaswamy N. Synergy of lipopolysaccharide and resiquimod on type I interferon, pro-inflammatory cytokine, Th1 and Th2 response in chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Mol Immunol 2015; 64:177-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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21
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Mbanefo EC, Kumagai T, Kodama Y, Kurosaki T, Furushima-Shimogawara R, Cherif MS, Mizukami S, Kikuchi M, Huy NT, Ohta N, Sasaki H, Hirayama K. Immunogenicity and anti-fecundity effect of nanoparticle coated glutathione S-transferase (SjGST) DNA vaccine against murine Schistosoma japonicum infection. Parasitol Int 2015; 64:24-31. [PMID: 25603531 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
There is still urgent need for a vaccine against schistosomiasis, especially in Schistosoma japonicum endemic areas where even a vaccine that will interrupt zoonotic transmission will be potentially effective as an intervention tool. We had developed a novel nanoparticle gene delivery system, which has proven efficacious in gene transfection to target immune cells with complementary adjuvant effect and high protective efficacy in several diseases. Here, we applied this nanoparticle system in combination with S. japonicum glutathione S-transferase (SjGST) DNA vaccine to show the immunogenicity and anti-fecundity effect of the nanoparticle coated vaccine formulation against murine schistosomiasis. The nanoparticle-coated DNA vaccine formulation induced desired immune responses. In comparison with the nanoparticle coated empty vector, it produced significantly increased antigen-specific humoral response, T-helper 1 polarized cytokine environment, higher proportion of IFN-γ producing CD4(+) T-cells and the concomitant decrease in IL-4 producing CD4(+) T-cells. Although there was no effect on worm burden, we recorded a marked reduction in tissue egg burden. There was up to 71.3% decrease in tissue egg burden and 55% reduction in the fecundity of female adult worms. Our data showed that SjGST DNA vaccine, delivered using the nanoparticle gene delivery system, produced anti-fecundity effect on female adult schistosomes as previously described by using conventional subunit vaccine with adjuvant, proving this DNA vaccine formulation as a promising candidate for anti-pathology and transmission blocking application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evaristus Chibunna Mbanefo
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN) and Global COE Program, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, 852-8523, Japan; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, 852-8523, Japan; Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Bioscience, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Takashi Kumagai
- Section of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Kodama
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kurosaki
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Rieko Furushima-Shimogawara
- Section of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Mahamoud Sama Cherif
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN) and Global COE Program, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, 852-8523, Japan; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Shusaku Mizukami
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN) and Global COE Program, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, 852-8523, Japan; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Mihoko Kikuchi
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN) and Global COE Program, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, 852-8523, Japan; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, 852-8523, Japan; Department of Clinical Product Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Nobuo Ohta
- Section of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sasaki
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirayama
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN) and Global COE Program, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, 852-8523, Japan; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, 852-8523, Japan.
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Abstract
Helminth parasites infect over one fourth of the human population and are highly prevalent in livestock worldwide. In model systems, parasites are strongly immunomodulatory, but the immune system can be driven to expel them by prior vaccination. However, no vaccines are currently available for human use. Recent advances in vaccination with recombinant helminth antigens have been successful against cestode infections of livestock and new vaccines are being tested against nematode parasites of animals. Numerous vaccine antigens are being defined for a wide range of helminth parasite species, but greater understanding is needed to define the mechanisms of vaccine-induced immunity, to lay a rational platform for new vaccines and their optimal design. With human trials underway for hookworm and schistosomiasis vaccines, a greater integration between veterinary and human studies will highlight the common molecular and mechanistic pathways, and accelerate progress towards reducing the global health burden of helminth infection.
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23
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Stephenson R, You H, McManus DP, Toth I. Schistosome Vaccine Adjuvants in Preclinical and Clinical Research. Vaccines (Basel) 2014; 2:654-85. [PMID: 26344751 PMCID: PMC4494218 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines2030654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently no vaccine available for human use for any parasitic infections, including the helminth disease, schistosomiasis. Despite many researchers working towards this goal, one of the focuses has been on identifying new antigenic targets. The bar to achieve protective efficacy in humans was set at a consistent induction of 40% protection or better by the World Health Organisation (WHO), and although this is a modest goal, it is yet to be reached with the six most promising schistosomiasis vaccine candidates (Sm28GST, IrV5, Sm14, paramyosin, TPI, and Sm23). Adjuvant selection has a large impact on the effectiveness of the vaccine, and the use of adjuvants to aid in the stimulation of the immune system is a critical step and a major variable affecting vaccine development. In addition to a comprehensive understanding of the immune system, level of protection and the desired immune response required, there is also a need for a standardised and effective adjuvant formulation. This review summarises the status of adjuvants that have been or are being employed in schistosomiasis vaccine development focusing on immunisation outcomes at preclinical and clinical stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Stephenson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Hong You
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland Q4006, Australia.
| | - Donald P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland Q4006, Australia.
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
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24
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A Fasciola hepatica-derived fatty acid binding protein induces protection against schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma bovis using the adjuvant adaptation (ADAD) vaccination system. Exp Parasitol 2014; 145:145-51. [PMID: 25124941 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Several efforts have been made to identify anti-schistosomiasis vaccine candidates and new vaccination systems. The fatty acid binding protein (FAPB) has been shown to induce a high level of protection in trematode infection. The adjuvant adaptation (ADAD) vaccination system was used in this study, including recombinant FABP, a natural immunomodulator and saponins. Mice immunised with the ADAD system were able to up-regulate proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and IL-6) and induce high IgG2a levels. Moreover, there was a significant reduction in worm burden, egg liver and hepatic lesion in vaccinated mice in two independent experiments involving Schistosoma bovis infected mice. The foregoing data shows that ADAD system using FABP provide a good alternative for triggering an effective immune response against animal schistosomiasis.
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25
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Li J, Lee DSW, Madrenas J. Evolving Bacterial Envelopes and Plasticity of TLR2-Dependent Responses: Basic Research and Translational Opportunities. Front Immunol 2013; 4:347. [PMID: 24191155 PMCID: PMC3808894 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune mechanisms that follow early recognition of microbes influence the nature and magnitude of subsequent adaptive immune responses. Early detection of microbes depends on pattern recognition receptors that sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns or microbial-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS or MAMPs, respectively). The bacterial envelope contains MAMPs that include membrane proteins, lipopeptides, glycopolymers, and other pro-inflammatory molecules. Bacteria are selected by environmental pressures resulting in quantitative or qualitative changes in their envelope structures that often promote evasion of host immune responses and therefore, infection. However, recent studies have shown that slight, adaptive changes in MAMPs on the bacterial cell wall may result in their ability to induce the secretion not only of pro-inflammatory cytokines but also of anti-inflammatory cytokines. This effect can fine-tune the subsequent response to microbes expressing these MAMPs and lead to the establishment of a commensal state within the host rather than infectious disease. In this review, we will examine the plasticity of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 signaling as evidence of evolving MAMPs, using the better-characterized TLR4 as a template. We will review the role of differential dimerization of TLR2 and the arrangement of signaling complexes and co-receptors in determining the capacity of the host to recognize an array of TLR2 ligands and generate different immune responses to these ligands. Last, we will assess briefly how this plasticity may expand the array of interactions between microbes and immune systems beyond the traditional disease-causing paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbin Li
- Microbiome and Disease Tolerance Centre, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
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