1
|
Dwivedi V, Gautam S, Beamer G, Stromberg PC, Headley CA, Turner J. IL-10 Modulation Increases Pyrazinamide's Antimycobacterial Efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Mice. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:412-420. [PMID: 37279084 PMCID: PMC10580111 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms to shorten the duration of tuberculosis (TB) treatment include new drug formulations or schedules and the development of host-directed therapies (HDTs) that better enable the host immune system to eliminate Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Previous studies have shown that pyrazinamide, a first-line antibiotic, can also modulate immune function, making it an attractive target for combinatorial HDT/antibiotic therapy, with the goal to accelerate clearance of M. tuberculosis. In this study, we assessed the value of anti-IL-10R1 as an HDT along with pyrazinamide and show that short-term anti-IL-10R1 blockade during pyrazinamide treatment enhanced the antimycobacterial efficacy of pyrazinamide, resulting in faster clearance of M. tuberculosis in mice. Furthermore, 45 d of pyrazinamide treatment in a functionally IL-10-deficient environment resulted in sterilizing clearance of M. tuberculosis. Our data suggest that short-term IL-10 blockade with standard TB drugs has the potential to improve clinical outcome by reducing the treatment duration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varun Dwivedi
- Disease Intervention & Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Shalini Gautam
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Gillian Beamer
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Paul C. Stromberg
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State Institute, Columbus, OH
| | - Colwyn A. Headley
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Joanne Turner
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Glibenclamide Alleviates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury through NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:8457010. [PMID: 35185385 PMCID: PMC8856806 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8457010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glibenclamide displays an anti-inflammatory response in various pulmonary diseases, but its exact role in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains unknown. Herein, we aimed to explore the effect of glibenclamide in vivo and in vitro on the development of LPS-induced ALI in a mouse model. LPS stimulation resulted in increases in lung injury score, wet/dry ratio, and capillary permeability in lungs, as well as in total protein concentration, inflammatory cells, and inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-18 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung tissues, whereas glibenclamide treatment reduced these changes. Meanwhile, the increased proteins of NLRP3 and Caspase-1/p20 after LPS instillation in lungs were downregulated by glibenclamide. Similarly, in vitro experiments also found that glibenclamide administration inhibited the LPS-induced upregulations in cytokine secretions of IL-1β and IL-18, as well as in the expression of components in NLRP3 inflammasome in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Of note, glibenclamide had no effect on the secretion of TNF-α in vivo nor in vitro, implicating that its anti-inflammatory effect is relatively specific to NLRP3 inflammasome. In conclusion, glibenclamide alleviates the development of LPS-induced ALI in a mouse model via inhibiting the NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway, which might provide a new strategy for the treatment of LPS-induced ALI.
Collapse
|
3
|
Hegazy WAH, Rajab AAH, Abu Lila AS, Abbas HA. Anti-diabetics and antimicrobials: Harmony of mutual interplay. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1832-1855. [PMID: 34888011 PMCID: PMC8613656 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i11.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the four major non-communicable diseases, and appointed by the world health organization as the seventh leading cause of death worldwide. The scientists have turned over every rock in the corners of medical sciences in order to come up with better understanding and hence more effective treatments of diabetes. The continuous research on the subject has elucidated the role of immune disorders and inflammation as definitive factors in the trajectory of diabetes, assuring that blood glucose adjustments would result in a relief in the systemic stress leading to minimizing inflammation. On a parallel basis, microbial infections usually take advantage of immunity disorders and propagate creating a pro-inflammatory environment, all of which can be reversed by antimicrobial treatment. Standing at the crossroads between diabetes, immunity and infection, we aim in this review at projecting the interplay between immunity and diabetes, shedding the light on the overlapping playgrounds for the activity of some antimicrobial and anti-diabetic agents. Furthermore, we focused on the anti-diabetic drugs that can confer antimicrobial or anti-virulence activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wael A H Hegazy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zagazig University, Zagzig 44519, Egypt
| | - Azza A H Rajab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zagazig University, Zagzig 44519, Egypt
| | - Amr S Abu Lila
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Zagazig University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagzig 44519, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham A Abbas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zagazig University, Zagzig 44519, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dwivedi DK, Jena GB. Simultaneous Modulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Nrf2/ARE Pathway Rescues Thioacetamide-Induced Hepatic Damage in Mice: Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Inflammation 2021; 45:610-626. [PMID: 34664134 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01571-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic tissue injury resulting in fibrosis of multiple organs, responsible for one-third of the death globally. Liver fibrosis is a common pathway/condition involved in all chronic liver diseases. Thioacetamide (TAA), a hepatotoxicant, was used to induce hepatic fibrosis. Anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide (GLB) possesses anti-inflammatory properties and inhibits NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a multiple sclerosis drug, activates the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway and maintains the antioxidant status in the cell. The present study was designed to investigate (i) role of NLRP3 inflammasome and Nrf2/ARE pathway in TAA-induced hepatotoxicity and liver fibrosis, (ii) mechanism involved in GLB and DMF mediated hepatoprotection against TAA-induced hepatotoxicity, and (iii) additional/synergistic hepatoprotective effect of combination treatment with NLRP3 inhibition + Nrf2 activation or GLB + DMF or MCC950 + 4OI to reverse/ameliorate the experimental liver fibrosis completely. TAA was administered intraperitoneally to mice for seven consecutive weeks, and treatments of GLB, DMF, GLB + DMF, MCC950, 4OI, and MCC950 + 4OI were provided for the last three consecutive weeks. The intervention with GLB, DMF, GLB + DMF, MCC950, 4OI, and MCC950 + 4OI significantly protected TAA-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory conditions by improving biochemical, histological, and immunoexpression changes in mice. The GLB, DMF, and GLB + DMF intervention exhibited a better protective effect compared with MCC950, 4OI, and MCC950 + 4OI, which revealed that this specific inhibitor/activator possesses only NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitory/Nrf2 activatory properties. In contrast, the clinical drug GLB and DMF have several other beneficial effects, which are independent of NLRP3 inhibition and Nrf2 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Kumar Dwivedi
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S., Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - G B Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S., Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kurihara C, Lecuona E, Wu Q, Yang W, Núñez-Santana FL, Akbarpour M, Liu X, Ren Z, Li W, Querrey M, Ravi S, Anderson ML, Cerier E, Sun H, Kelly ME, Abdala-Valencia H, Shilatifard A, Mohanakumar T, Budinger GRS, Kreisel D, Bharat A. Crosstalk between nonclassical monocytes and alveolar macrophages mediates transplant ischemia-reperfusion injury through classical monocyte recruitment. JCI Insight 2021; 6:147282. [PMID: 33621212 PMCID: PMC8026186 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.147282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is the predominant cause of early graft loss following lung transplantation. We recently demonstrated that donor pulmonary intravascular nonclassical monocytes (NCM) initiate neutrophil recruitment. Simultaneously, host-origin classical monocytes (CM) permeabilize the vascular endothelium to allow neutrophil extravasation necessary for PGD. Here, we show that a CCL2-CCR2 axis is necessary for CM recruitment. Surprisingly, although intravital imaging and multichannel flow cytometry revealed that depletion of donor NCM abrogated CM recruitment, single cell RNA sequencing identified donor alveolar macrophages (AM) as predominant CCL2 secretors. Unbiased transcriptomic analysis of murine tissues combined with murine KOs and chimeras indicated that IL-1β production by donor NCM was responsible for the early activation of AM and CCL2 release. IL-1β production by NCM was NLRP3 inflammasome dependent and inhibited by treatment with a clinically approved sulphonylurea. Production of CCL2 in the donor AM occurred through IL-1R-dependent activation of the PKC and NF-κB pathway. Accordingly, we show that IL-1β-dependent paracrine interaction between donor NCM and AM leads to recruitment of recipient CM necessary for PGD. Since depletion of donor NCM, IL-1β, or IL-1R antagonism and inflammasome inhibition abrogated recruitment of CM and PGD and are feasible using FDA-approved compounds, our findings may have potential for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qiang Wu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery and
| | | | | | | | | | - Ziyou Ren
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiam Abdala-Valencia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ali Shilatifard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - G R Scott Budinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ankit Bharat
- Division of Thoracic Surgery and.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mohan M, Bhattacharya D. Host-directed Therapy: A New Arsenal to Come. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 24:59-70. [PMID: 32723230 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323999200728115857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant strains among the variety of pathogens worsens the situation in today's scenario. In such a situation, a very heavy demand for developing the new antibiotics has arisen, but unfortunately, very limited success has been achieved in this arena till now. Infectious diseases usually make their impression in the form of severe pathology. Intracellular pathogens use the host's cell machinery for their survival. They alter the gene expression of several host's pathways and endorse to shut down the cell's innate defense pathway like apoptosis and autophagy. Intracellular pathogens are co-evolved with hosts and have a striking ability to manipulate the host's factors. They also mimic the host molecules and secrete them to prevent the host's proper immune response against them for their survival. Intracellular pathogens in chronic diseases create excessive inflammation. This excessive inflammation manifests in pathology. Host directed therapy could be alternative medicine in this situation; it targets the host factors, and abrogates the replication and persistence of pathogens inside the cell. It also provokes the anti-microbial immune response against the pathogen and reduces the exacerbation by enhancing the healing process to the site of pathology. HDT targets the host's factor involved in a certain pathway that ultimately targets the pathogen life cycle and helps in eradication of the pathogen. In such a scenario, HDT could also play a significant role in the treatment of drugsensitive as well with drug resistance strains because it targets the host's factors, which favors the pathogen survival inside the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mradul Mohan
- National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Debapriya Bhattacharya
- Center for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SOA Deemed University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Boyer PN, Woods ML. Burkholderia pseudomallei sepsis with osteoarticular melioidosis of the hip in a patient with diabetes mellitus. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/12/e238200. [PMID: 33370949 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-238200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis is caused by the tropical soil pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei Infection, usually in the form of pneumonia, disproportionately affects people with a risk factor for immune dysregulation and mortality remains high even with treatment. Climate change and increasing rates of diabetes render the populations of endemic areas increasingly vulnerable to the disease, which is emerging as a serious global health threat. We present here a case of a 68-year-old man from northern Australia with sepsis and osteoarticular melioidosis of the hip, and explore the links between diabetes mellitus and melioidosis, particularly with respect to musculoskeletal infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Nicolas Boyer
- Internal Medicine, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marion L Woods
- Infectious Diseases, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Puccetti M, Xiroudaki S, Ricci M, Giovagnoli S. Postbiotic-Enabled Targeting of the Host-Microbiota-Pathogen Interface: Hints of Antibiotic Decline? Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E624. [PMID: 32635461 PMCID: PMC7408102 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mismanagement of bacterial infection therapies has undermined the reliability and efficacy of antibiotic treatments, producing a profound crisis of the antibiotic drug market. It is by now clear that tackling deadly infections demands novel strategies not only based on the mere toxicity of anti-infective compounds. Host-directed therapies have been the first example as novel treatments with alternate success. Nevertheless, recent advances in the human microbiome research have provided evidence that compounds produced by the microbial metabolism, namely postbiotics, can have significant impact on human health. Such compounds target the host-microbe-pathogen interface rescuing biotic and immune unbalances as well as inflammation, thus providing novel therapeutic opportunities. This work discusses critically, through literature review and personal contributions, these novel nonantibiotic treatment strategies for infectious disease management and resistance prevention, which could represent a paradigm change rocking the foundation of current antibiotic therapy tenets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, via del Liceo 1, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.X.); (M.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vinaik R, Abdullahi A, Barayan D, Jeschke MG. NLRP3 inflammasome activity is required for wound healing after burns. Transl Res 2020; 217:47-60. [PMID: 31843468 PMCID: PMC7036017 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Survival of burn patients is contingent on effective wound healing, a complex process that requires coordinated responses of myeloid cells and inflammatory pathways. NLRP3, which serves as a platform for secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, is implicated as a central regulator of wound healing. However, its role during the acute dermal and epidermal regeneration in the context of burns is unknown. Wild-type (WT) and NLRP3-/- mice were exposed to a 30% TBSA scald burn. Gene expression was conducted via real-time polymerase chain reaction. Trichrome staining was used to assess collagen deposition and granulation tissue formation. F4/80 immunostaining compared macrophage infiltration. Flow cytometric analysis was used to characterize skin macrophage distribution and profile. NLRP3, IL1β and IL18 expression was upregulated in skin after burn, and these changes were nonexistent in NLRP3-/-. NLRP3-/- had decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, inflammatory markers, and growth factors at 3 days (P < 0.05). NLRP3-/- burn skin demonstrated significantly less macrophage infiltration and higher expression of anti-inflammatory markers Arg1 and Fizz1 (P < 0.05) compared to WT. Trichrome staining showed decreased collagen deposition compared to WT. We show that NLRP3 is protective in burn wound healing, primarily through production of inflammatory mediators, macrophage recruitment, and polarization to a proinflammatory phenotype. Our findings highlight a central role of NLRP3 in wound healing through regulation of inflammation and macrophage polarization after burns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marc G Jeschke
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dwivedi DK, Jena GB. NLRP3 inhibitor glibenclamide attenuates high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rat: studies on oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage and insulin signalling pathway. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 393:705-716. [PMID: 31834465 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01773-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is much higher in diabetic and obese individuals. Combined exposure of high-fat diet (HFD) and single low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce type II diabetes-associated NAFLD, as it better replicates the human pathology of fatty liver. Glibenclamide (GLB) is a potent NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor and possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. So it was pertinent to investigate its hepatoprotective potential against NAFLD in rat. HFD was provided to rat for 17 consecutive weeks and glibenclamide (GLB; 0.5 and 2.5 mg/kg/day, orally) was administered for the last 12 consecutive weeks. Establishment of NAFLD was clearly indicated by significant increase in liver weight, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, % glycosylated haemoglobin and insulin levels, and GLB intervention reduced the same. GLB restored HFD-induced significant increase in ROS, MDA and decrease in GSH. Histopathological studies revealed the macro- and micro-vascular steatosis and mild degree of inflammation in HFD-fed rat compared with control, and GLB intervention reduced the same. HFD exposure significantly increased the DNA damage and apoptosis compared with control, and GLB intervention reduced the same. Immunohistochemical and immunoblotting findings showed that GLB improved the hepatic expressions of inflammatory markers (NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, NF-κB), anti-oxidant markers (SOD, catalase) and insulin signalling markers (p-AKT, p-GSK-3β, p-IRS). Hepatoprotective effects of GLB was mediated by decreasing the levels of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, DNA damage, apoptosis and inflammatory markers, and by improving the anti-oxidant status and insulin signalling pathway in HFD fed rat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Kumar Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S., Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - G B Jena
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S., Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tapia D, Sanchez-Villamil JI, Torres AG. Emerging role of biologics for the treatment of melioidosis and glanders. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 19:1319-1332. [PMID: 31590578 PMCID: PMC6981286 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1677602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Two important pathogenic species within the genus Burkholderia, namely Burkholderia pseudomallei (Bpm) and Burkholderia mallei (Bm), are the causative agents of the life-threatening diseases melioidosis and glanders, respectively. Due to their high mortality rate and potential for aerosolization, they have gained interest as potential biothreat agents and are classified as Tier 1 Select Agents.Areas covered: The manuscript provides an overview of the literature covering the efforts taken in the last 10 years to develop new therapeutics measures against both Bpm and Bm, with attention on novel therapeutic agents.Expert Opinion: As a result of the complicated antibiotic regimens necessary to treat these infections, development of novel therapeutics is needed to treat both diseases. In recent years, the understanding of the pathogenesis of Burkholderia has improved significantly and so have the efforts to develop novel therapeutic agents with high efficacy, either alone, or in combination with conventional antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tapia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Javier I. Sanchez-Villamil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alfredo G. Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vinaik R, Barayan D, Abdullahi A, Jeschke MG. NLRP3 inflammasome mediates white adipose tissue browning after burn. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E751-E759. [PMID: 31453709 PMCID: PMC6879867 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00180.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark after burn is the stress and inflammatory-induced hypermetabolic response. Recently, we and others found that browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) is a critical component of this complex detrimental response. Although browning and inflammation have been independently delineated to occur after injury, their interaction is currently not well defined. One of the master regulators of inflammation and adipose tissue remodeling after burns is nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain, leucine rich repeat and pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The aim of this this study was to determine whether NLRP3 modulates and activates WAT browning after burn. To obtain molecular and mechanistic insights, we used an NLRP3 knockout (NLRP3-/-) murine burn model. We demonstrated that genetic deletion of NLRP3 promoted persistent and augmented browning in adipocytes, evidenced by increased gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and CIDEA at 3 days (5.74 vs. 0.29, P < 0.05; 26.0 vs. 0.71, P < 0.05) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and PGC1α at 7 days (7,406 vs. 3,894, P < 0.05; 20.6 vs. 2.52, P < 0.01) and enhanced UCP1 staining and multilocularity. Additionally, the main regulator of postburn WAT browning, IL-6, was elevated in the plasma acutely after burn in NLRP3-/- compared with wild-type counterparts (478.9 vs. 67.1 pg/mL, P < 0.05 at 3 days). These results suggest that NLRP3 has antibrowning effects and that blocking NLRP3 increases thermogenesis and augments browning via increased levels of IL-6. Our findings provide insights into targeting innate inflammatory systems for regulation of adaptive thermogenesis, a critical response after burns and other hypermetabolic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roohi Vinaik
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dalia Barayan
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Marc G Jeschke
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Laws TR, Taylor AW, Russell P, Williamson D. The treatment of melioidosis: is there a role for repurposed drugs? A proposal and review. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2019; 17:957-967. [PMID: 30626237 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2018.1496330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Melioidosis is a significant health problem within endemic areas such as Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. The varied presentation of melioidosis and the intrinsic antibiotic resistance of Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative organism, make melioidosis a difficult infection to manage. Often prolonged courses of antibiotic treatments are required with no guarantee of clinical success.Areas covered: B. pseudomallei is able to enter phagocytic cells, affect immune function, and replicate, via manipulation of the caspase system. An examination of this mechanism, and a look at other factors in the pathogenesis of melioidosis, shows that there are multiple potential points of therapeutic intervention, some of which may be complementary. These include the directed use of antimicrobial compounds, blocking virulence mechanisms, balancing or modulating cytokine responses, and ameliorating sepsis.Expert commentary: There may be therapeutic options derived from drugs in clinical use for unrelated conditions that may have benefit in melioidosis. Key compounds of interest primarily affect the disequilibrium of the cytokine response, and further preclinical work is needed to explore the utility of this approach and encourage the clinical research needed to bring these into beneficial use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Laws
- CBR Division, DSTL Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Adam W Taylor
- CBR Division, DSTL Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Paul Russell
- CBR Division, DSTL Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dwivedi DK, Jena GB. Glibenclamide protects against thioacetamide-induced hepatic damage in Wistar rat: investigation on NLRP3, MMP-2, and stellate cell activation. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:1257-1274. [PMID: 30066023 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glibenclamide (GLB), most widely used in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus, inhibits K+ATP channel in pancreatic-β cells and releases insulin, while thioacetamide (TAA) is a well-known hepatotoxicant and most recommended for the induction of acute and chronic liver disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of GLB against TAA-induced hepatic damage in Wistar rats. TAA (200 mg/kg, ip, twice weekly) and GLB (1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg/day, po) were administered for 6 consecutive weeks. Different biochemical, DNA damage, histopathological, TEM, immunohistochemical, and western blotting parameters were evaluated. GLB treatment has no effects on the TAA-induced significant decrease in body and liver weights. TAA treatment significantly increased liver index and treatment with GLB has no effect the same. TAA treatment altered the liver morphology, whereas treatment with GLB normalized the alteration in morphology. Further, significant increase in oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA damage was found in TAA-treated animals and GLB treatment significantly reduced these effects. TAA-induced plasma transaminases and serum ALP levels were significantly restored by GLB. Furthermore, histopathological findings showed the presence of lymphocyte infiltration, collagen deposition, bridging fibrosis, degeneration of portal triad, and necrosis in TAA-treated animals and GLB intervention significantly reduced the same. TEM images revealed that GLB significantly normalized the hepatic stellate cell morphology as well as restored the number of lipid droplets. GLB treatment significantly downregulated the expressions of TGF-β1, α-SMA, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and IL-1β, and upregulated MMP-2 and catalase against TAA-induced liver damage. The outcomes of the present study confirmed that GLB ameliorated the liver damage induced by TAA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Kumar Dwivedi
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S., Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - G B Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S., Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mitigating the Impact of Antibacterial Drug Resistance through Host-Directed Therapies: Current Progress, Outlook, and Challenges. mBio 2018; 9:mBio.01932-17. [PMID: 29382729 PMCID: PMC5790911 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01932-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing incidences of multidrug resistance in pathogenic bacteria threaten our ability to treat and manage bacterial infection. The development and FDA approval of novel antibiotics have slowed over the past decade; therefore, the adoption and improvement of alternative therapeutic strategies are critical for addressing the threat posed by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Host-directed therapies utilize small-molecule drugs and proteins to alter the host response to pathogen infection. Here, we highlight strategies for modulating the host inflammatory response to enhance bacterial clearance, small-molecule potentiation of innate immunity, and targeting of host factors that are exploited by pathogen virulence factors. Application of state-of-the-art "omic" technologies, including proteomics, transcriptomics, and image-omics (image-based high-throughput phenotypic screening), combined with powerful bioinformatics tools will enable the modeling of key signaling pathways in the host-pathogen interplay and aid in the identification of host proteins for therapeutic targeting and the discovery of host-directed small molecules that will regulate bacterial infection. We conclude with an outlook on research needed to overcome the challenges associated with transitioning host-directed therapies into a clinical setting.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melioidosis, caused by the gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a common cause of community-acquired sepsis in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. The NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream product interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) have been proposed to play crucial roles in melioidosis. In this study, we characterized the role of IL-1β more closely and we assessed its therapeutic potential. METHODS mRNA expression of inflammasome components was determined in isolated leukocytes of 32 healthy controls and 34 patients with sepsis caused by B pseudomallei.Wild-type (WT), NLRP3-deficient (Nlrp3), and Asc mice were infected with B pseudomallei. In additional experiments, infected WT mice were treated with an anti-IL-1β antibody. After 24, 48, and 72 hours (h) mice were sacrificed and organs were harvested. Furthermore, survival studies were performed. RESULTS Patients with melioidosis exhibited lower mRNA levels of caspase-1, NLRP3, and ASC. Bacterial dissemination and organ damage were increased in B pseudomallei-infected Nlrp3 and Asc mice, together with a reduced pulmonary cell influx. Anti-IL-1β treatment of B pseudomallei challenged mice resulted in strongly reduced bacterial counts, organ damage, and pulmonary granulocyte influx together with reduced mortality. Postponement of anti-IL-1β treatment for 24 h postinfection still protected mice during melioidosis. CONCLUSION Expression of caspase-1, NLRP3, and ASC is altered in melioidosis patients. In mice, both NLRP3 and ASC contribute to the host defense against melioidosis. Anti-IL-1β treatment protects mice against B pseudomallei infection and might be a novel treatment strategy in melioidosis.
Collapse
|
17
|
Loos JA, Churio MS, Cumino AC. Anthelminthic activity of glibenclamide on secondary cystic echinococcosis in mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0006111. [PMID: 29190739 PMCID: PMC5726723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a worldwide parasitic zoonosis caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Current chemotherapy against this disease is based on the administration of benzimidazoles (BZMs). However, BZM treatment has a low cure rate and causes several side effects. Therefore, new treatment options are needed. The antidiabetic drug glibenclamide (Glb) is a second-generation sulfonylurea receptor inhibitor that has been shown to be active against protozoan parasites. Hence, we assessed the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects of Glb against the larval stage of E. granulosus. The in vitro activity was concentration dependent on both protoscoleces and metacestodes. Moreover, Glb combined with the minimum effective concentration of albendazole sulfoxide (ABZSO) was demonstrated to have a greater effect on metacestodes in comparison with each drug alone. Likewise, there was a reduction in the cyst weight after oral administration of Glb to infected mice (5 mg/kg of body weight administered daily for a period of 8 weeks). However, in contrast to in vitro assays, no differences in effectiveness were found between Glb + albendazole (ABZ) combined treatment and Glb monotherapy. Our results also revealed mitochondrial membrane depolarization and an increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels in Glb-treated protoscoleces. In addition, the intracystic drug accumulation and our bioinformatic analysis using the available E. granulosus genome suggest the presence of genes encoding sulfonylurea transporters in the parasite. Our data clearly demonstrated an anti-echinococcal effect of Glb on E. granulosus larval stage. Further studies are needed in order to thoroughly investigate the mechanism involved in the therapeutic response of the parasite to this sulfonylurea. In this work we demonstrated the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of Glb against the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. At the cellular level, the drug triggered mitochondrial membrane depolarization and increased intracellular Ca2+ levels, thus affecting ATP generation in the parasite. In addition, since intracystic Glb concentrations were higher than those used in the external medium, we proposed that the drug might enter the cyst through cell surface transporters. The observed effect of the drug on the growth of hydatid cysts in mice leads to the consideration of a novel role of Glb in CE treatment. Therefore, our further studies will focus on the evaluation of ABZ formulations with enhanced bioavailability to achieve an improved in vivo anti-echinococcal effect using both drugs simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia A. Loos
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - María Sandra Churio
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Argentina
- IFIMAR, Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas de Mar del Plata (CONICET-UNMdP), Argentina
| | - Andrea C. Cumino
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
A Protective Role of Glibenclamide in Inflammation-Associated Injury. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:3578702. [PMID: 28740332 PMCID: PMC5504948 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3578702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glibenclamide is the most widely used sulfonylurea drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Recent studies have suggested that glibenclamide reduced adverse neuroinflammation and improved behavioral outcomes following central nervous system (CNS) injury. We reviewed glibenclamide's anti-inflammatory effects: abundant evidences have shown that glibenclamide exerted an anti-inflammatory effect in respiratory, digestive, urological, cardiological, and CNS diseases, as well as in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Glibenclamide might block KATP channel, Sur1-Trpm4 channel, and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, decrease the production of proinflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, and reactive oxygen species), and suppress the accumulation of inflammatory cells. Glibenclamide's anti-inflammation warrants further investigation.
Collapse
|
20
|
Perumal Samy R, Stiles BG, Sethi G, Lim LHK. Melioidosis: Clinical impact and public health threat in the tropics. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0004738. [PMID: 28493905 PMCID: PMC5426594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This review briefly summarizes the geographical distribution and clinical impact of melioidosis, especially in the tropics. Burkholderia pseudomallei (a gram-negative bacterium) is the major causative agent for melioidosis, which is prevalent in Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, and Northern Australia. Melioidosis patients are increasingly being recognized in other parts of the world. The bacteria are intrinsically resistant to many antimicrobial agents, but prolonged treatment, especially with combinations of antibiotics, may be effective. Despite therapy, the overall case fatality rate of septicemia in melioidosis remains significantly high. Intracellular survival of the bacteria within macrophages may progress to chronic infections, and about 10% of patients suffer relapses. In the coming decades, melioidosis will increasingly afflict travelers throughout many global regions. Clinicians managing travelers returning from the subtropics or tropics with severe pneumonia or septicemia should consider acute melioidosis as a differential diagnosis. Patients with open skin wounds, diabetes, or chronic renal disease are at higher risk for melioidosis and should avoid direct contact with soil and standing water in endemic regions. Furthermore, there are fears that B. pseudomallei may be used as a biological weapon. Technological advancements in molecular diagnostics and antibiotic therapy are improving the disease outcomes in endemic areas throughout Asia. Research and development efforts on vaccine candidates against melioidosis are ongoing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramar Perumal Samy
- Department of Physiology, NUS Immunology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bradley G. Stiles
- Integrated Toxicology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUHS, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lina H. K. Lim
- Department of Physiology, NUS Immunology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lankelma JM, Birnie E, Weehuizen TAF, Scicluna BP, Belzer C, Houtkooper RH, Roelofs JJTH, de Vos AF, van der Poll T, Budding AE, Wiersinga WJ. The gut microbiota as a modulator of innate immunity during melioidosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005548. [PMID: 28422970 PMCID: PMC5411098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melioidosis, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, is an emerging cause of pneumonia-derived sepsis in the tropics. The gut microbiota supports local mucosal immunity and is increasingly recognized as a protective mediator in host defenses against systemic infection. Here, we aimed to characterize the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota during experimental melioidosis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS C57BL/6 mice were infected intranasally with B. pseudomallei and sacrificed at different time points to assess bacterial loads and inflammation. In selected experiments, the gut microbiota was disrupted with broad-spectrum antibiotics prior to inoculation. Fecal bacterial composition was analyzed by means of IS-pro, a 16S-23S interspacer region-based profiling method. A marked shift in fecal bacterial composition was seen in all mice during systemic B. pseudomallei infection with a strong increase in Proteobacteria and decrease in Actinobacteria, with an increase in bacterial diversity. We found enhanced early dissemination of B. pseudomallei and systemic inflammation during experimental melioidosis in microbiota-disrupted mice compared with controls. Whole-genome transcriptional profiling of the lung identified several genes that were differentially expressed between mice with a normal or disrupted intestinal microbiota. Genes involved in acute phase signaling, including macrophage-related signaling pathways were significantly elevated in microbiota disrupted mice. Compared with controls, alveolar macrophages derived from antibiotic pretreated mice showed a diminished capacity to phagocytose B. pseudomallei. This might in part explain the observed protective effect of the gut microbiota in the host defense against pneumonia-derived melioidosis. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, these data identify the gut microbiota as a potential modulator of innate immunity during B. pseudomallei infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M. Lankelma
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Emma Birnie
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tassili A. F. Weehuizen
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brendon P. Scicluna
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Clara Belzer
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H. Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris J. T. H. Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex F. de Vos
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andries E. Budding
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W. Joost Wiersinga
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Interleukin 10 inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine responses and killing of Burkholderia pseudomallei. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42791. [PMID: 28216665 PMCID: PMC5316963 DOI: 10.1038/srep42791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic in northeastern Thailand and Northern Australia. Severe septicemic melioidosis is associated with high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and is correlated with poor clinical outcomes. IL-10 is an immunoregulatory cytokine, which in other infections can control the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, but its role in melioidosis has not been addressed. Here, whole blood of healthy seropositive individuals (n = 75), living in N. E. Thailand was co-cultured with B. pseudomallei and production of IL-10 and IFN-γ detected and the cellular sources identified. CD3− CD14+ monocytes were the main source of IL-10. Neutralization of IL-10 increased IFN-γ, IL-6 and TNF-α production and improved bacteria killing. IFN-γ production and microbicidal activity were impaired in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). In contrast, IL-10 production was unimpaired in individuals with DM, resulting in an IL-10 dominant cytokine balance. Neutralization of IL-10 restored the IFN-γ response of individuals with DM to similar levels observed in healthy individuals and improved killing of B. pseudomallei in vitro. These results demonstrate that monocyte derived IL-10 acts to inhibit potentially protective cell mediated immune responses against B. pseudomallei, but may also moderate the pathological effects of excessive cytokine production during sepsis.
Collapse
|
23
|
Prucha M, Zazula R, Russwurm S. Immunotherapy of Sepsis: Blind Alley or Call for Personalized Assessment? Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2016; 65:37-49. [PMID: 27554587 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-016-0415-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is the most frequent cause of death in noncoronary intensive care units. In the past 10 years, progress has been made in the early identification of septic patients and their treatment. These improvements in support and therapy mean that mortality is gradually decreasing, however, the rate of death from sepsis remains unacceptably high. Immunotherapy is not currently part of the routine treatment of sepsis. Despite experimental successes, the administration of agents to block the effect of sepsis mediators failed to show evidence for improved outcome in a multitude of clinical trials. The following survey summarizes the current knowledge and results of clinical trials on the immunotherapy of sepsis and describes the limitations of our knowledge of the pathogenesis of sepsis. Administration of immunomodulatory drugs should be linked to the current immune status assessed by both clinical and molecular patterns. Thus, a careful daily review of the patient's immune status needs to be introduced into routine clinical practice giving the opportunity for effective and tailored use of immunomodulatory therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Prucha
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Hospital Na Homolce, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Zazula
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Russwurm
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zumla A, Rao M, Wallis RS, Kaufmann SHE, Rustomjee R, Mwaba P, Vilaplana C, Yeboah-Manu D, Chakaya J, Ippolito G, Azhar E, Hoelscher M, Maeurer M. Host-directed therapies for infectious diseases: current status, recent progress, and future prospects. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016; 16:e47-63. [PMID: 27036359 PMCID: PMC7164794 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(16)00078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive global efforts in the fight against killer infectious diseases, they still cause one in four deaths worldwide and are important causes of long-term functional disability arising from tissue damage. The continuing epidemics of tuberculosis, HIV, malaria, and influenza, and the emergence of novel zoonotic pathogens represent major clinical management challenges worldwide. Newer approaches to improving treatment outcomes are needed to reduce the high morbidity and mortality caused by infectious diseases. Recent insights into pathogen–host interactions, pathogenesis, inflammatory pathways, and the host's innate and acquired immune responses are leading to identification and development of a wide range of host-directed therapies with different mechanisms of action. Host-directed therapeutic strategies are now becoming viable adjuncts to standard antimicrobial treatment. Host-directed therapies include commonly used drugs for non-communicable diseases with good safety profiles, immunomodulatory agents, biologics (eg monoclonal antibodies), nutritional products, and cellular therapy using the patient's own immune or bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. We discuss clinically relevant examples of progress in identifying host-directed therapies as adjunct treatment options for bacterial, viral, and parasitic infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alimuddin Zumla
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London (UCL), London, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Martin Rao
- Division of Therapeutic Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Peter Mwaba
- University of Zambia-UCL Medical School (UNZA-UCLMS) Research and Training Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Cris Vilaplana
- Unitat de Tuberculosi Experimental Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Can Ruti Campus, Edifici Laboratoris de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
- Bacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | | | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Esam Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, and Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Hoelscher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Centre of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany; DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Maeurer
- Division of Therapeutic Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
“Vietnamese time bomb” waiting to explode; Burkholderia pseudomallei, retributing the “rare” tag. An update. INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SPECIALITIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.injms.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
26
|
Weehuizen TAF, Hommes TJ, Lankelma JM, de Jong HK, Roelofs JJ, de Vos AF, Colonna M, van der Poll T, Wiersinga WJ. Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells (TREM)-2 Impairs Host Defense in Experimental Melioidosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004747. [PMID: 27253382 PMCID: PMC4890812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM) -1 and TREM-2 are key regulators of the inflammatory response that are involved in the clearance of invading pathogens. Melioidosis, caused by the "Tier 1" biothreat agent Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a common form of community-acquired sepsis in Southeast-Asia. TREM-1 has been suggested as a biomarker for sepsis and melioidosis. We aimed to characterize the expression and function of TREM-1 and TREM-2 in melioidosis. Methodology/Principal Findings Wild-type, TREM-1/3 (Trem-1/3-/-) and TREM-2 (Trem-2-/-) deficient mice were intranasally infected with live B. pseudomallei and killed after 24, and/or 72 h for the harvesting of lungs, liver, spleen, and blood. Additionally, survival studies were performed. Cellular functions were further analyzed by stimulation and/or infection of isolated cells. TREM-1 and TREM-2 expression was increased both in the lung and liver of B. pseudomallei-infected mice. Strikingly, Trem-2-/-, but not Trem-1/3-/-, mice displayed a markedly improved host defense as reflected by a strong survival advantage together with decreased bacterial loads, less inflammation and reduced organ injury. Cellular responsiveness of TREM-2, but not TREM-1, deficient blood and bone-marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) was diminished upon exposure to B. pseudomallei. Phagocytosis and intracellular killing of B. pseudomallei by BMDM and alveolar macrophages were TREM-1 and TREM-2-independent. Conclusions/Significance We found that TREM-2, and to a lesser extent TREM-1, plays a remarkable detrimental role in the host defense against a clinically relevant Gram-negative pathogen in mice: TREM-2 deficiency restricts the inflammatory response, thereby decreasing organ damage and mortality. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1 and -2 are receptors on immune cells that act as mediators of the innate immune response. It is thought that TREM-1 amplifies the immune response, while TREM-2 acts as a negative regulator. Previously, we found that TREM-1 is upregulated in melioidosis patients. In contrast, nothing is known on TREM-2 expression and its role in melioidosis. In this study we examined the expression and functional role of both TREM-1 and -2 in a murine melioidosis model. We found that TREM-1 and-2 expression was upregulated during melioidosis. Using our experimental melioidosis model, we observed that Trem-2-/- mice were protected against B.pseudomallei-induced lethality. Trem-2-/- mice demonstrated reduced bacterial loads, inflammation and organ damage compared to wild-type mice in experimental melioidosis. Despite reduced bacterial dissemination of B.pseudomallei to distant organs in Trem-1/3-/ mice-, no differences in survival were found between Trem-1/3-/- and wild-type mice during melioidosis. Lastly, we investigated cellular functions of TREM-1 and TREM-2 and found that TREM-2 deficiency led to decreased cellular responsiveness to B. pseudomallei infection. In conclusion, we found that TREM-2 plays an important role during experimental murine melioidosis. TREM-2-deficiency reduces inflammation and organ damage, thereby improving survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tassili A. F. Weehuizen
- Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail: ;
| | - Tijmen J. Hommes
- Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M. Lankelma
- Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hanna K. de Jong
- Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Alex F. de Vos
- Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W. Joost Wiersinga
- Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang Q, Yu W, Lee S, Xu Q, Naji A, Le AD. Bisphosphonate Induces Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Diabetic Mice via NLRP3/Caspase-1-Dependent IL-1β Mechanism. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:2300-12. [PMID: 26081624 PMCID: PMC4941639 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is an established risk factor associated with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). Sustained activation of Nod-like receptor (NLR) family, pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome contributes to the persistent inflammation and impaired cutaneous wound healing in diabetic mice and human. We have recently demonstrated a compelling linkage between M1 macrophages and BRONJ conditions in both murine and human diseases. The aim of this study was to determine whether NLRP3 inflammasome activation is involved in BRONJ development in diabetic mice. We showed an increased incidence of delayed oral wound healing and bone necrosis of extraction sockets in db/db mice compared with those in nondiabetic db/+ controls, which correlated with an elevated expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β in macrophages residing at local wounds. Constitutively, bone marrow-derived macrophages from db/db mice (db/db BMDMs) secrete a relatively higher level of IL-1β than those from db/+ mice (db/+ BMDMs). Upon stimulation by NLRP3 activators, the secretion of IL-1β by db/db BMDMs was 1.77-fold higher than that by db/+ BMDMs (p < 0.001). Systemic treatment of mice with zoledronate (Zol), a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, resulted in a 1.86- and 1.63-fold increase in NLRP3/caspase-1-dependent IL-1β secretion by db/+ and db/db BMDMs, respectively, compared with BMDMs derived from nontreated mice (p < 0.001). Importantly, systemic administration of pharmacological inhibitors of NLRP3 activation improved oral wound healing and suppressed BRONJ formation in db/db mice. Mechanistically, we showed that supplementation with intermediate metabolites of the mevalonate pathway, inhibitors of caspase-1 and NLRP3 activation, an antagonist for P2X7 R, or a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), robustly abolished Zol-enhanced IL-1β release from macrophages in response to NLRP3 activation (p < 0.001). Our findings suggest that diabetes-associated chronic inflammatory response may have contributed to impaired socket wound healing and rendered oral wound susceptible to the development of BRONJ via NLRP3 activation in macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qunzhou Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Weihua Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sumin Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Qilin Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ali Naji
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anh D. Le
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Penn Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Inflammasomes are high molecular weight complexes that sense and react to injury and infection. Their activation induces caspase-1 activation and release of interleukin-1β, a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in both acute and chronic inflammatory responses. There is increasing evidence that inflammasomes, particularly the NLRP3 inflammasome, act as guardians against noninfectious material. Inappropriate activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to the progression of many noncommunicable diseases such as gout, type II diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. Inhibiting the inflammasome may significantly reduce damaging inflammation and is therefore regarded as a therapeutic target. Currently approved inhibitors of interleukin-1β are rilonacept, canakinumab, and anakinra. However, these proteins do not possess ideal pharmacokinetic properties and are unlikely to easily cross the blood-brain barrier. Because inflammation can contribute to neurological disorders, this review focuses on the development of small-molecule inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex G Baldwin
- Manchester Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester , Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - David Brough
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester , AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Sally Freeman
- Manchester Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester , Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Sepsis, a common and potentially fatal systemic illness, is triggered by microbial infection and often leads to impaired function of the lungs, kidneys or other vital organs. Since the early 1980s, a large number of therapeutic agents for the treatment of sepsis have been evaluated in randomized controlled clinical trials. With few exceptions, the results from these trials have been disappointing, and no specific therapeutic agent is currently approved for the treatment of sepsis. To improve upon this dismal record, investigators will need to identify more suitable therapeutic targets, improve their approaches for selecting candidate compounds for clinical development and adopt better designs for clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell P Fink
- Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 72-160 CHS, Los Angeles California 90095, USA
| | - H Shaw Warren
- Infectious Disease Units, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital East, 149 13th Street, Fifth Floor, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Neutrophil elastase causes tissue damage that decreases host tolerance to lung infection with burkholderia species. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004327. [PMID: 25166912 PMCID: PMC4148436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Two distinct defense strategies can protect the host from infection: resistance is the ability to destroy the infectious agent, and tolerance is the ability to withstand infection by minimizing the negative impact it has on the host's health without directly affecting pathogen burden. Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects macrophages and causes melioidosis. We have recently shown that inflammasome-triggered pyroptosis and IL-18 are equally important for resistance to B. pseudomallei, whereas IL-1β is deleterious. Here we show that the detrimental role of IL-1β during infection with B. pseudomallei (and closely related B. thailandensis) is due to excessive recruitment of neutrophils to the lung and consequent tissue damage. Mice deficient in the potentially damaging enzyme neutrophil elastase were less susceptible than the wild type C57BL/6J mice to infection, although the bacterial burdens in organs and the extent of inflammation were comparable between C57BL/6J and elastase-deficient mice. In contrast, lung tissue damage and vascular leakage were drastically reduced in elastase-deficient mice compared to controls. Bradykinin levels were higher in C57BL/6 than in elastase-deficient mice; administration of a bradykinin antagonist protected mice from infection, suggesting that increased vascular permeability mediated by bradykinin is one of the mechanisms through which elastase decreases host tolerance to melioidosis. Collectively, these results demonstrate that absence of neutrophil elastase increases host tolerance, rather than resistance, to infection by minimizing host tissue damage.
Collapse
|
31
|
Cai J, Lu S, Yao Z, Deng YP, Zhang LD, Yu JW, Ren GF, Shen FM, Jiang GJ. Glibenclamide attenuates myocardial injury by lipopolysaccharides in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:106. [PMID: 25077824 PMCID: PMC4147163 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-014-0106-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a common disease that continues to increase in incidence in the world. Diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, may make the situation worse. Diabetic patients are at increased risk for common infections. This study was designed to investigate the role of glibenclamide on myocardial injury by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice (STZ-mice). METHODS LPS was used to induce endotoxemia in STZ-mice. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were measured by MPA-HBBS. Serum epinephrine level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Myocardial injury was examined by light and transmission electron microscope and TUNEL staining. Macrophage infiltration was measured by immunohistochemistry. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in myocardial tissue and serum in STZ-mice, and in conditional medium of primary cultured peritoneal macrophages were determined by ELISA. Nalp3 and Caspase-1 protein levels were measured by Western blotting analysis. RESULTS STZ administration decreased body weight and increased blood glucose in C57BL/6 mice. LPS injection caused decreases of heart rate and mean arterial pressure, and elevated serum epinephrine level in C57BL/6 mice. Compared with control mice without STZ treatment, LPS induced more severe myocardial injury and macrophage infiltration in STZ-mice, which was attenuated by pretreatment of glibenclamide. LPS stimulation enhanced the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in both cardiac tissue and serum. Glibenclamide pretreatment significantly inhibited the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Either high glucose or LPS increased the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the conditional medium of peritoneal macrophages. Glibenclamide treatment suppressed the increase of IL-1β level induced by high glucose and LPS. Furthermore, Nalp3 and Caspase-1 levels were markedly increased by high glucose plus LPS, and both proteins were significantly inhibited by glibenclamide treatment. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that glibenclamide could attenuate myocardial injury induced by LPS challenge in STZ-mice, which was possibly related to inhibiting inflammation through Nalp3 inflammasomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fu-Ming Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou 311202, Zhejiang, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|