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Seck MT, Fall AG, Ciss M, Bakhoum MT, Sall B, Gaye AM, Gimonneau G, Bassène MD, Lancelot R, Vreysen MJ, Bouyer J. Animal trypanosomosis eliminated in a major livestock production region in Senegal following the eradication of a tsetse population. Parasite 2024; 31:11. [PMID: 38450717 PMCID: PMC10918644 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) was one of the main disease-related constraints to the development of intensive livestock production systems in the Niayes region of Senegal, a 30 km wide strip of land along the coast between Dakar and Saint-Louis. To overcome this constraint, the Government of Senegal initiated an area-wide integrated pest management programme combining chemical control tactics with the sterile insect technique to eradicate a population of the tsetse fly Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank, 1949 (Diptera, Glossinidae) in this area. The project was implemented following a phased conditional approach, and the target area was divided into three blocks treated sequentially. This study aims to assess the temporal dynamics of the prevalence of Trypanosoma spp. during the implementation of this programme. Between 2009 and 2022, 4,359 blood samples were collected from cattle and screened for trypanosomes using both the buffy coat and ELISA techniques, and PCR tests since 2020. The seroprevalence decreased from 18.9% (95%CI: 11.2-26.5) in 2009 to 0% in 2017-2022 in block 1, and from 92.9% (95%CI: 88.2-97) in 2010 to 0% in 2021 in block 2. The parasitological and serological data confirm the entomological monitoring results, i.e., that there is a high probability that the population of G. p. gambiensis has been eradicated from the Niayes and that the transmission of AAT has been interrupted in the treated area. These results indicate the effectiveness of the adopted approach and show that AAT can be sustainably removed through the creation of a zone free of G. p. gambiensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momar Talla Seck
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires route du Front de Terre 11500 Dakar – Hann Sénégal
| | - Assane Guèye Fall
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires route du Front de Terre 11500 Dakar – Hann Sénégal
| | - Mamadou Ciss
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires route du Front de Terre 11500 Dakar – Hann Sénégal
| | - Mame Thierno Bakhoum
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires route du Front de Terre 11500 Dakar – Hann Sénégal
| | - Baba Sall
- Ministère de l’Elevage et des Productions Animales, Direction des Services Vétérinaires Sphère Ministérielle Ousmane Tanor Dieng 20000 Dakar – Diamniadio Sénégal
| | - Adji Marème Gaye
- Ministère de l’Elevage et des Productions Animales, Direction des Services Vétérinaires Sphère Ministérielle Ousmane Tanor Dieng 20000 Dakar – Diamniadio Sénégal
| | - Geoffrey Gimonneau
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires route du Front de Terre 11500 Dakar – Hann Sénégal
- CIRAD, UMR INTERTRYP 37, avenue Jean XXIII BP 6189 12900 Dakar-Etoile Sénégal
- INTERTRYP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD Campus International de Baillarguet 34398 Montpellier France
| | - Mireille Djimangali Bassène
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires route du Front de Terre 11500 Dakar – Hann Sénégal
| | - Renaud Lancelot
- ASTRE, CIRAD 34398 Montpellier France
- ASTRE, Cirad, INRAE, Univ. Montpellier, Plateforme Technologique CYROI 97491 Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion France
| | - Marc J.B. Vreysen
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture Wagramerstrasse 5 1400 Vienna Austria
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- CIRAD, UMR INTERTRYP 37, avenue Jean XXIII BP 6189 12900 Dakar-Etoile Sénégal
- INTERTRYP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD Campus International de Baillarguet 34398 Montpellier France
- ASTRE, CIRAD 34398 Montpellier France
- ASTRE, Cirad, INRAE, Univ. Montpellier, Plateforme Technologique CYROI 97491 Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion France
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture Wagramerstrasse 5 1400 Vienna Austria
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Soudah B, Essodina T, Toï N, Balabadi D, Yao L, Martin Bienvenu S, Wendemanegde Ernest S. Assessment of α-Cypermethrin Pour-On Application and Diminazene Aceturate for Treating Trypanosome-Related Diseases Caused by Tsetse Flies on Cattle in Mô, Togo. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:598-606. [PMID: 34935041 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis control in high tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) challenge and trypanocidal drug resistance settings remain poorly understood in Togo owing to poor data coverage on the current disease impact. From March 2014 to November 2017, a database of zoo-sanitary surveys integrating the evolution of disease incidence and intervention coverage made it possible to quantify the apparent effects attributable to the control effort, focused on all sedentary cattle breeds in the 1,000 km² area of Mô in Togo. The strategy involved an initial phase with cross-sectional entomological and parasitological. Then, three times a year, 20% of the bovine animals of the study area received α-cypermethrin pour-on, and infected cattle with poor health (798 cattle in 2014 and 358 in 2017) were individually given diminazene aceturate at 7 mg/kg of body weight. The tsetse density in the area decreased significantly, from 1.78 ± 0.37 in March 2014 before the α-cypermethrin application to 0.48 ± 0.07 in February 2017. The α-cypermethrin pour-on application and diminazene aceturate treatment of cattle led to the largest reduction in disease incidence, from 28.1% in 2014 to 7.8% in 2017, an improvement in hematocrit from 24.27 ± 4.9% to 27.5 ± 4.6%, and a reduction in calf mortality from 15.9 ± 11% to 5.9%. Improved access to these interventions for different types of livestock and maintaining their effectiveness, despite high tsetse (Diptera: Glossinidae) challenges, should be the primary focus of control strategies in many areas of Togo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boma Soudah
- Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l'Elevage en zone Subhumide (CIRDES), rue 5-31 Avenu du Gouverneur Louveau, 01BP 454 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso/Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique (ITRA-Togo)
| | - Talaki Essodina
- Université de Lomé, Ecole Supérieure d'Agronomie (ESA), rue N°1, Bd Gnassingbe, 01 BP: 1515 Lomé, Togo
| | - N'feide Toï
- Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique (ITRA-Togo), rue N°1, Bd Gnassingbe, BP: 1163 Cacaveli, Lomé, Togo
| | - Dao Balabadi
- Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique (ITRA-Togo), rue N°1, Bd Gnassingbe, BP: 1163 Cacaveli, Lomé, Togo
| | - Lombo Yao
- Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique (ITRA-Togo), rue N°1, Bd Gnassingbe, BP: 1163 Cacaveli, Lomé, Togo
| | - Somda Martin Bienvenu
- Université Nazi Boni (UNB), Département de Sciences biologiques/UFR-ST (UNB), BP 1091 Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Salou Wendemanegde Ernest
- Université Nazi Boni (UNB), Département de Sciences biologiques/UFR-ST (UNB), BP 1091 Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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Ciss M, Bassène MD, Seck MT, Mbaye AG, Sall B, Fall AG, Vreysen MJB, Bouyer J. Environmental impact of tsetse eradication in Senegal. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20313. [PMID: 31889138 PMCID: PMC6937335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56919-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The sterile insect technique is an environment friendly control tactic and is very species specific. It is not a stand-alone technique and has been used mostly in combination with other control tactics within an area-wide integrated pest management strategy. For a period of eight years, the direct impact of a campaign to eradicate a population of the tsetse fly Glossina palpalis gambiensis in Senegal was monitored using a set of fruit-feeding insect species (Cetoniinae and Nymphalidae) that served as ecological indicators of the health of the ecosystem. Here we show that the eradication campaign had very limited impacts on the apparent densities of the most frequent species as well as three diversity indexes during the reduction phase involving insecticides but reverted to pre-intervention levels as soon as the release of the sterile male insects started. These results greatly expand our understanding of the impact of vector eradication campaigns on non-target species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamadou Ciss
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National d'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar, Hann, Sénégal
| | - Mireille D Bassène
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National d'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar, Hann, Sénégal
| | - Momar T Seck
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National d'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar, Hann, Sénégal
| | - Abdou G Mbaye
- Ministère de l'Elevage et des Productions animales, Direction des Services Vétérinaires, BP 45677, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Baba Sall
- Ministère de l'Elevage et des Productions animales, Direction des Services Vétérinaires, BP 45677, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Assane G Fall
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National d'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar, Hann, Sénégal
| | - Marc J B Vreysen
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, A-1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, A-1400, Vienna, Austria.
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 'Interactions hôtes-vecteurs-parasites-environnement dans les maladies tropicales négligées dues aux trypanosomatides', Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), 34398, Montpellier, France.
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 'Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes', Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), 34398, Montpellier, France.
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Odeniran PO, Ademola IO. Comparative insecticidal activity of cypermethrin and cypermethrin-mix applications against stomoxyine vectors. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 51:637-642. [PMID: 30334132 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1732-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Stomoxyines are mechanical vectors of several pathogens of livestock with severe consequences such as low productivity from constant irritation and disturbance. In vitro and in vivo bioassays were conducted to confirm the efficacy of cypermethrin analogues on stomoxyines. Cattle treated with cypermethrin (Pantex 30 g l-1) and cypermethrin-mix (cypermethrin + oil from Senna occidentalis locally prepared by Fulani herdsmen) were compared using the restricted insecticidal application (RAP) method and a local Fulani application approach (FAA), while untreated cattle serve as control. A total of 550 speciated-fed Stomoxys niger were exposed to graded concentration of cypermethrin (Group A-D) at 30 μg/ml, 20 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, 5 μg/ml, 1 μg/ml and 0.5 μg/ml. After 48 h, the flies were assessed for mortality. In vivo bioassay of behavioural responses to stomoxyines showed greater mean percentage repellence using RAP (94.6%) of cypermethrin when compared with FAA (46.3%). The sigmoidal non-linear regression model curve of in vitro bioassay showed cypermethrin (Pantex®-group A) to be most effective with LC50 of 1.52 μg/mL and it is significantly more effective than cypermethrin (Ectopouron®-group B) and cypermethrin-mix (Fulani cypermethrin mixture-group C) at 22.62 μg/ml and 20.62 μg/ml concentration, respectively. In this study, Pantex® demonstrated excellent stomoxyine repellence using RAP method with significant insecticidal effect. Therefore, the appropriate use of cypermethrin insecticides using RAP method is recommended for vector control to prevent African animal trypanosomiasis in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Olalekan Odeniran
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Isaiah Oluwafemi Ademola
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Percoma L, Sow A, Pagabeleguem S, Dicko AH, Serdebéogo O, Ouédraogo M, Rayaissé JB, Bouyer J, Belem AMG, Sidibé I. Impact of an integrated control campaign on tsetse populations in Burkina Faso. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:270. [PMID: 29703229 PMCID: PMC5923030 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2609-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tsetse flies are the sole vectors of human and animal trypanosomosis. In Burkina Faso, a project aiming to create zones free of tsetse flies and trypanosomosis was executed from June 2006 to December 2013. After the determination of tsetse distribution in the intervention area from December 2007 to November 2008, the control campaign was launched in November 2009 and ended in December 2013. The goal was to eliminate tsetse flies from 40,000 km2 of area, through an integrated control campaign including insecticide targets, traps and cattle, sequential aerial treatment (SAT) and the mass treatment of livestock using trypanocides. The campaign involved assistance of the beneficiary communities at all the steps of the control strategy with insecticide impregnated targets. METHODS This study was carried out to assess the impact of the control project on tsetse apparent density per trap per day (ADT). To evaluate the effectiveness of tsetse control, 201 sites were selected based on the baseline survey results carried out from December 2007 to November 2008. These sites were monitored bi-monthly from January 2010 to November 2012. At the end-of-study in 2013 a generalized entomological survey was carried out in 401 infested sites found during the longitudinal survey done before the control. Barrier and tsetse persistence areas were treated by ground spraying and evaluated. Controls were also done before and after aerial spraying. RESULTS In the insecticide-impregnated target area, the control showed that ADT of tsetse flies declined from 10.73 (SD 13.27) to 0.43 (SD 2.51) fly/trap/day from the third month of campaign onwards (P < 0.0001) and remained low thereafter. At the end of the campaign in 2013, an 83% reduction of ADT was observed for Glossina palpalis gambiensis and a 92% reduction for G. tachinoides. Tsetse flies were captured only in 29% of the sites found infested in 2008. CONCLUSIONS Tsetse flies could be suppressed efficiently but their elimination from the targeted area may require the use integrated methods including the Sterile Insect Technique, which is programmed through the development of the Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Eradication Campaign (PATTEC Burkina) insectarium. The challenge will remain the sustainability of the achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lassané Percoma
- Insectarium de Bobo-Dioulasso – Campagne d’Eradication des Tsé-tsé et Trypanosomoses (IBD-CETT), Bobo-Dioulasso 01, BP 1087 Burkina Faso
| | - Adama Sow
- Insectarium de Bobo-Dioulasso – Campagne d’Eradication des Tsé-tsé et Trypanosomoses (IBD-CETT), Bobo-Dioulasso 01, BP 1087 Burkina Faso
- Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l’Elevage en Zone Subhumide (CIRDES), Bobo-Dioulasso 01, 01 BP. 454 Burkina Faso
- Ecole Inter-Etats des Sciences et Médecine Vétérinaires (EISMV), Laboratoire d’Endocrinologie et de Radio-Immunologie, BP. 5077 Dakar Fann, Senegal
| | - Soumaïla Pagabeleguem
- Insectarium de Bobo-Dioulasso – Campagne d’Eradication des Tsé-tsé et Trypanosomoses (IBD-CETT), Bobo-Dioulasso 01, BP 1087 Burkina Faso
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE CIRAD-INRA « AnimalS, health, Territories, Risks and Ecosystems », Campus international de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - Ahmadou H. Dicko
- Humanitarian Data Exchange (HDX) - humdata.org, OCHA ROWCA regional office. VDN Sacre Coeur III, Villa 9364 BP 16 922, Fann Dakar, Senegal
| | - Oumarou Serdebéogo
- Insectarium de Bobo-Dioulasso – Campagne d’Eradication des Tsé-tsé et Trypanosomoses (IBD-CETT), Bobo-Dioulasso 01, BP 1087 Burkina Faso
| | - Mariam Ouédraogo
- Laboratoire Régional d’Elevage de Bobo-Dioulasso, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, 01 BP 345 Burkina Faso
| | - Jean-Baptiste Rayaissé
- Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l’Elevage en Zone Subhumide (CIRDES), Bobo-Dioulasso 01, 01 BP. 454 Burkina Faso
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE CIRAD-INRA « AnimalS, health, Territories, Risks and Ecosystems », Campus international de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier cedex 05, France
- CIRAD, UMR INTERTRYP, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Adrien M. G. Belem
- Université Polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Issa Sidibé
- Insectarium de Bobo-Dioulasso – Campagne d’Eradication des Tsé-tsé et Trypanosomoses (IBD-CETT), Bobo-Dioulasso 01, BP 1087 Burkina Faso
- Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l’Elevage en Zone Subhumide (CIRDES), Bobo-Dioulasso 01, 01 BP. 454 Burkina Faso
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