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Sosa-Arroniz A, López-Monteon A, Peña-Rodríguez R, Rivera-Villanueva JM, Torres-Montero J, Ramos-Ligonio A. Efficacy of a Zn-based metalorganic framework doped with benznidazole on acute experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01664-0. [PMID: 38972897 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01664-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have been shown to enhance the activity of encapsulated compounds by facilitating their passage across cell membranes, thereby enabling controlled and selective release. This study investigates the efficacy of BNZ@Zn-MOFs against the acute phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a mouse model. The particles were synthesized by electroelution (EL), doped with BZN via mechanochemistry, and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). BNZ@Zn-MOFs released 80% of the encapsulated BZN within 3 h, demonstrating no cytotoxicity in NIH-3T3 and HeLa cells. Furthermore, in a model of acute experimental T. cruzi-infection in BALB/c mice, the delivery system exhibited antiparasitic activity at a significantly lower BZN concentration compared to free BZN treatment. PCR analysis of treated mice revealed no parasite DNA in their tissues, and hematoxylin-eosin staining showed no apparent damage to tissue architecture. Additionally, serum levels of liver function enzymes remained unchanged, indicating no adverse effects on liver function. This delivery system, utilizing suboptimal BZN doses, enables the preservation of drug activity while potentially facilitating a substantial decrease in side effects associated with Chagas disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahí Sosa-Arroniz
- LADISER, Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Edificio D, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana (UV), Prolongación de Oriente 6 #1009; Colonia Rafael Alvarado; C.P., Orizaba, 94340, Veracruz, México
- Maestría en Ciencias en Procesos Biológicos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba, 94340, Veracruz, México
| | - Aracely López-Monteon
- LADISER, Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Edificio D, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana (UV), Prolongación de Oriente 6 #1009; Colonia Rafael Alvarado; C.P., Orizaba, 94340, Veracruz, México
- Asociacion Chagas con Ciencia y Conocimiento A.C., Orizaba, 94390, Veracruz, México
| | - Rodolfo Peña-Rodríguez
- LADISER Química Órganica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba, 94340, Veracruz, México
| | - José María Rivera-Villanueva
- LADISER Química Órganica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba, 94340, Veracruz, México
| | - Jesus Torres-Montero
- LADISER, Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Edificio D, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana (UV), Prolongación de Oriente 6 #1009; Colonia Rafael Alvarado; C.P., Orizaba, 94340, Veracruz, México
| | - Angel Ramos-Ligonio
- LADISER, Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Edificio D, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana (UV), Prolongación de Oriente 6 #1009; Colonia Rafael Alvarado; C.P., Orizaba, 94340, Veracruz, México.
- Asociacion Chagas con Ciencia y Conocimiento A.C., Orizaba, 94390, Veracruz, México.
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2
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Morilla MJ, Ghosal K, Romero EL. Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 15:333-349. [PMID: 38590427 PMCID: PMC11000002 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is the most important endemic parasitosis in South America and represents a great socioeconomic burden for the chronically ill and their families. The only currently available treatment against CD is based on the oral administration of benznidazole, an agent, developed in 1971, of controversial effectiveness on chronically ill patients and toxic to adults. So far, conventional pharmacological approaches have failed to offer more effective and less toxic alternatives to benznidazole. Nanomedicines reduce toxicity and increase the effectiveness of current oncological therapies. Could nanomedicines improve the treatment of the neglected CD? This question will be addressed in this review, first by critically discussing selected reports on the performance of benznidazole and other molecules formulated as nanomedicines in in vitro and in vivo CD models. Taking into consideration the developmental barriers for nanomedicines and the degree of current technical preclinical efforts, a prospect of developing nanomedicines against CD will be provided. Not surprisingly, we conclude that structurally simpler formulations with minimal production cost, such as oral nanocrystals and/or parenteral nano-immunostimulants, have the highest chances of making it to the market to treat CD. Nonetheless, substantive political and economic decisions, key to facing technological challenges, are still required regarding a realistic use of nanomedicines effective against CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Morilla
- Nanomedicine Research and Development Centre (NARD), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kajal Ghosal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja Subodh Chandra Mallick Rd., Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Eder Lilia Romero
- Nanomedicine Research and Development Centre (NARD), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Gomes DC, Medeiros TS, Alves Pereira EL, da Silva JFO, de Freitas Oliveira JW, Fernandes-Pedrosa MDF, de Sousa da Silva M, da Silva-Júnior AA. From Benznidazole to New Drugs: Nanotechnology Contribution in Chagas Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13778. [PMID: 37762080 PMCID: PMC10530915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Benznidazole and nifurtimox are the two approved drugs for their treatment, but both drugs present side effects and efficacy problems, especially in the chronic phase of this disease. Therefore, new molecules have been tested with promising results aiming for strategic targeting action against T. cruzi. Several studies involve in vitro screening, but a considerable number of in vivo studies describe drug bioavailability increment, drug stability, toxicity assessment, and mainly the efficacy of new drugs and formulations. In this context, new drug delivery systems, such as nanotechnology systems, have been developed for these purposes. Some nanocarriers are able to interact with the immune system of the vertebrate host, modulating the immune response to the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms. In this overview of nanotechnology-based delivery strategies for established and new antichagasic agents, different strategies, and limitations of a wide class of nanocarriers are explored, as new perspectives in the treatment and monitoring of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Cavalcante Gomes
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (D.C.G.); (T.S.M.); (E.L.A.P.); (J.F.O.d.S.); (M.d.F.F.-P.)
| | - Thayse Silva Medeiros
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (D.C.G.); (T.S.M.); (E.L.A.P.); (J.F.O.d.S.); (M.d.F.F.-P.)
| | - Eron Lincoln Alves Pereira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (D.C.G.); (T.S.M.); (E.L.A.P.); (J.F.O.d.S.); (M.d.F.F.-P.)
| | - João Felipe Oliveira da Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (D.C.G.); (T.S.M.); (E.L.A.P.); (J.F.O.d.S.); (M.d.F.F.-P.)
| | - Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (J.W.d.F.O.); (M.d.S.d.S.)
| | - Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (D.C.G.); (T.S.M.); (E.L.A.P.); (J.F.O.d.S.); (M.d.F.F.-P.)
| | - Marcelo de Sousa da Silva
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (J.W.d.F.O.); (M.d.S.d.S.)
| | - Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (D.C.G.); (T.S.M.); (E.L.A.P.); (J.F.O.d.S.); (M.d.F.F.-P.)
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Paiva DDF, Matos APDS, Garófalo DDA, do Nascimento T, Monteiro MSDSDB, Santos-Oliveira R, Ricci-Junior E. Use of Nanocarriers Containing Antitrypanosomal Drugs for the Treatment of Chagas Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1163. [PMID: 37631078 PMCID: PMC10459817 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi parasitic protozoan, is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) of significant incidence in Latin America. Transmission to humans and other mammals is mainly via the vector insect from the Reduviidae family, popularly known as the kissing bug. There are other transmission means, such as through congenital transmission, blood transfusions, organ transplantations, and the consumption of contaminated food. For more than 50 years, the disease has been treated with benznidazole and nifurtimox, which are only effective during the acute phase of the disease. In addition to their low efficacy in the chronic phase, they cause many adverse effects and are somewhat selective. The use of nanocarriers has received significant attention due to their ability to encapsulate and release therapeutic agents in a controlled manner. Generally, their diameter ranges from 100 to 300 nanometers. The objective of this scoping review was to perform a search of the literature for the use of nanocarriers as an alternative for improving the treatment of Chagas disease and to suggest future research. Bibliographic searches were carried out in the Web of Science and PubMed scientific databases from January 2012 to May 2023, using the "Chagas disease and Trypanosoma cruzi and nanoparticles" keywords, seeking to gather the largest number of articles, which were evaluated using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After analyzing the papers, the results showed that nanocarriers offer physiological stability and safety for the transport and controlled release of drugs. They can increase solubility and selectivity against the parasite. The in vitro assays showed that the trypanocidal activity of the drug was not impaired after encapsulation. In the in vivo assays, parasitemia reduction and high survival and cure rates in animals were obtained during both phases of the disease using lower doses when compared to the standard treatment. The scoping review showed that nanocarriers are a promising alternative for the treatment of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo de Freitas Paiva
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Drugs and Medications, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (D.d.F.P.); (A.P.d.S.M.); (D.d.A.G.); (T.d.N.); (M.S.d.S.d.B.M.)
| | - Ana Paula dos Santos Matos
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Drugs and Medications, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (D.d.F.P.); (A.P.d.S.M.); (D.d.A.G.); (T.d.N.); (M.S.d.S.d.B.M.)
| | - Denise de Abreu Garófalo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Drugs and Medications, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (D.d.F.P.); (A.P.d.S.M.); (D.d.A.G.); (T.d.N.); (M.S.d.S.d.B.M.)
| | - Tatielle do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Drugs and Medications, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (D.d.F.P.); (A.P.d.S.M.); (D.d.A.G.); (T.d.N.); (M.S.d.S.d.B.M.)
| | - Mariana Sato de Souza de Bustamante Monteiro
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Drugs and Medications, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (D.d.F.P.); (A.P.d.S.M.); (D.d.A.G.); (T.d.N.); (M.S.d.S.d.B.M.)
| | - Ralph Santos-Oliveira
- Nuclear Engineering Institute (IEN), University Campus of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-906, Brazil;
| | - Eduardo Ricci-Junior
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Drugs and Medications, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (D.d.F.P.); (A.P.d.S.M.); (D.d.A.G.); (T.d.N.); (M.S.d.S.d.B.M.)
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Perrone AE, Pinillo M, Rial MS, Fernández M, Milduberger N, González C, Bustos PL, Fichera LE, Laucella SA, Albareda MC, Bua J. Trypanosoma cruzi Secreted Cyclophilin TcCyP19 as an Early Marker for Trypanocidal Treatment Efficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11875. [PMID: 37569250 PMCID: PMC10418876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilins (CyPs) are a family of enzymes involved in protein folding. Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, has a 19-kDa cyclophilin, TcCyP19, that was found to be secreted in parasite stages of the CL Brener clone and recognized by sera from T. cruzi-infected mice and patients. The levels of specific antibodies against TcCyP19 in T. cruzi-infected mice and subjects before and after drug treatment were measured by an in-house enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mice in the acute and chronic phase of infection, with successful trypanocidal treatments, showed significantly lower anti-TcCyP19 antibody levels than untreated mice. In children and adults chronically infected with T. cruzi, a significant decrease in the anti-TcCyP19 titers was observed after 12 months of etiological treatment. This decrease was maintained in adult chronic patients followed-up 30-38 months post-treatment. These results encourage further studies on TcCyP19 as an early biomarker of trypanocidal treatment efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina E. Perrone
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben—ANLIS-Malbrán, Av. Paseo Colón 568, Buenos Aires 1063, Argentina; (A.E.P.); (M.P.); (M.S.R.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (C.G.); (P.L.B.); (L.E.F.); (S.A.L.); (M.C.A.)
| | - Mariana Pinillo
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben—ANLIS-Malbrán, Av. Paseo Colón 568, Buenos Aires 1063, Argentina; (A.E.P.); (M.P.); (M.S.R.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (C.G.); (P.L.B.); (L.E.F.); (S.A.L.); (M.C.A.)
| | - Marcela S. Rial
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben—ANLIS-Malbrán, Av. Paseo Colón 568, Buenos Aires 1063, Argentina; (A.E.P.); (M.P.); (M.S.R.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (C.G.); (P.L.B.); (L.E.F.); (S.A.L.); (M.C.A.)
| | - Marisa Fernández
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben—ANLIS-Malbrán, Av. Paseo Colón 568, Buenos Aires 1063, Argentina; (A.E.P.); (M.P.); (M.S.R.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (C.G.); (P.L.B.); (L.E.F.); (S.A.L.); (M.C.A.)
| | - Natalia Milduberger
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben—ANLIS-Malbrán, Av. Paseo Colón 568, Buenos Aires 1063, Argentina; (A.E.P.); (M.P.); (M.S.R.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (C.G.); (P.L.B.); (L.E.F.); (S.A.L.); (M.C.A.)
| | - Carolina González
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben—ANLIS-Malbrán, Av. Paseo Colón 568, Buenos Aires 1063, Argentina; (A.E.P.); (M.P.); (M.S.R.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (C.G.); (P.L.B.); (L.E.F.); (S.A.L.); (M.C.A.)
| | - Patricia L. Bustos
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben—ANLIS-Malbrán, Av. Paseo Colón 568, Buenos Aires 1063, Argentina; (A.E.P.); (M.P.); (M.S.R.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (C.G.); (P.L.B.); (L.E.F.); (S.A.L.); (M.C.A.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires 1063, Argentina
| | - Laura E. Fichera
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben—ANLIS-Malbrán, Av. Paseo Colón 568, Buenos Aires 1063, Argentina; (A.E.P.); (M.P.); (M.S.R.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (C.G.); (P.L.B.); (L.E.F.); (S.A.L.); (M.C.A.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires 1063, Argentina
| | - Susana A. Laucella
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben—ANLIS-Malbrán, Av. Paseo Colón 568, Buenos Aires 1063, Argentina; (A.E.P.); (M.P.); (M.S.R.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (C.G.); (P.L.B.); (L.E.F.); (S.A.L.); (M.C.A.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires 1063, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Albareda
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben—ANLIS-Malbrán, Av. Paseo Colón 568, Buenos Aires 1063, Argentina; (A.E.P.); (M.P.); (M.S.R.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (C.G.); (P.L.B.); (L.E.F.); (S.A.L.); (M.C.A.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires 1063, Argentina
| | - Jacqueline Bua
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben—ANLIS-Malbrán, Av. Paseo Colón 568, Buenos Aires 1063, Argentina; (A.E.P.); (M.P.); (M.S.R.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (C.G.); (P.L.B.); (L.E.F.); (S.A.L.); (M.C.A.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires 1063, Argentina
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Arce-Fonseca M, Gutiérrez-Ocejo RA, Rosales-Encina JL, Aranda-Fraustro A, Cabrera-Mata JJ, Rodríguez-Morales O. Nitazoxanide: A Drug Repositioning Compound with Potential Use in Chagas Disease in a Murine Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:826. [PMID: 37375773 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (ChD), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is the most serious parasitosis in the western hemisphere. Benznidazole and nifurtimox, the only two trypanocidal drugs, are expensive, difficult to obtain, and have severe side effects. Nitazoxanide has shown to be effective against protozoa, bacteria, and viruses. This study aimed to evaluate the nitazoxanide efficacy against the Mexican T. cruzi Ninoa strain in mice. Infected animals were orally treated for 30 days with nitazoxanide (100 mg/kg) or benznidazole (10 mg/kg). The clinical, immunological, and histopathological conditions of the mice were evaluated. Nitazoxanide- or benznidazole-treated mice had longer survival and less parasitemia than those without treatment. Antibody production in the nitazoxanide-treated mice was of the IgG1-type and not of the IgG2-type as in the benznidazole-treated mice. Nitazoxanide-treated mice had significantly high IFN-γ levels compared to the other infected groups. Serious histological damage could be prevented with nitazoxanide treatment compared to without treatment. In conclusion, nitazoxanide decreased parasitemia levels, indirectly induced the production of IgG antibodies, and partially prevented histopathological damage; however, it did not show therapeutic superiority compared to benznidazole in any of the evaluated aspects. Therefore, the repositioning of nitazoxanide as an alternative treatment against ChD could be considered, since it did not trigger adverse effects that worsened the pathological condition of the infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minerva Arce-Fonseca
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Proteomics, Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Andrés Gutiérrez-Ocejo
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Proteomics, Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - José Luis Rosales-Encina
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. Insituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Alberto Aranda-Fraustro
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Juan José Cabrera-Mata
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Proteomics, Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Olivia Rodríguez-Morales
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Proteomics, Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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Rodríguez-Morales O, Mendoza-Téllez EJ, Morales-Salinas E, Arce-Fonseca M. Effectiveness of Nitazoxanide and Electrolyzed Oxiding Water in Treating Chagas Disease in a Canine Model. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051479. [PMID: 37242721 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, and affects seven million people in Latin America. Side effects and the limited efficacy of current treatment have led to new drug research. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of nitazoxanide (NTZ) and electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) in a canine model of experimental CD. Náhuatl dogs were infected with the T. cruzi H8 strain and NTZ- or EOW-treated orally for 10 days. Seronegativity was shown at 12 months post-infection (mpi) in the NTZ-, EOW-, and benznidazole (BNZ)-treated groups. The NTZ and BNZ groups had high levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12B, and IL-1β at 1.5 mpi and low levels of IL-10. Electrocardiographic studies showed alterations from 3 mpi and worsening at 12 mpi; NTZ treatment produced fewer cardiac pathomorphological changes compared to EOW, similar to BNZ treatment. There was no cardiomegaly in any group. In conclusion, although NTZ and EOW did not prevent changes in cardiac conductivity, they were able to avoid the severity of heart damage in the chronic phase of CD. NTZ induced a favorable proinflammatory immune response after infection, being a better option than EOW as a possible treatment for CD after BNZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Rodríguez-Morales
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Proteomics, Department of Molecular Biology of Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Erika Jocelin Mendoza-Téllez
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Proteomics, Department of Molecular Biology of Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Morales-Salinas
- Department of Pathology of Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Col. Copilco Universidad, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Minerva Arce-Fonseca
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Proteomics, Department of Molecular Biology of Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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8
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Dutra da Silva A, Fracasso M, Bottari NB, Gundel S, Ourique AF, Assmann CE, Ferreira DASP, Castro MFV, Reichert KP, de Souza LAF, da Veiga ML, da Rocha MIUM, Monteiro SG, Morsch VM, Chitolina Schetinger MR, da Silva AS. Trypanosoma cruzi: Does the intake of nanoencapsulated benznidazole control acute infections? Exp Parasitol 2023; 249:108520. [PMID: 37001581 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Chagas Disease (CD) affects around eight million people worldwide. It is considered a neglected disease that presents few treatment options with efficacy only in the acute phase. Nanoparticles have many positive qualities for treating parasite infections and may be effectively and widely employed in clinical medicine. This research aimed to evaluate the nanoencapsulated benznidazole treatment in animals experimentally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. To analyze the treatment efficacy, we evaluated survival during thirty days, parasitemia, genotoxicity, and heart and liver histopathology. Thirty-five female Swiss mice were organized into seven groups characterizing a dose curve: A - Negative control (uninfected animals), B - Positive control (infected animals), C - Benznidazole (BNZ) 100 mg/kg (infected animals), D - 5 mg/kg Benznidazole nanocapsules (NBNZ) (infected animals), E - 10 mg/kg Benznidazole nanocapsules (infected animals), F - 15 mg/kg Benznidazole nanocapsules (infected animals), G - 20 mg/kg Benznidazole nanocapsules (infected animals). The animals were infected with the Y strain of T. cruzi intraperitoneally. The treatment was administered for eight days by oral gavage. It was possible to observe that the treatment with the highest NBNZ dose presented efficacy similar to the standard benznidazole drug. The 20 mg/kg NBNZ dose was able to reduce parasitemia, increase survival, and drastically reduce heart and liver tissue damage compared to the 100 mg/kg BNZ dose. Moreover, it showed a lower DNA damage index than the BNZ treatment. In conclusion, the nanoencapsulation of BNZ promotes an improvement in parasite proliferation control with a five times smaller dose relative to the standard dose of free BNZ, thus demonstrating to be a potential innovative therapy for CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniélen Dutra da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Mateus Fracasso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nathieli B Bottari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Samanta Gundel
- Ciências das Saúde, Universidade Franciscana, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aline F Ourique
- Ciências das Saúde, Universidade Franciscana, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Charles E Assmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Danielle A S P Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Milagros F V Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Karine P Reichert
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo L da Veiga
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria Izabel U M da Rocha
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Silvia G Monteiro
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vera M Morsch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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9
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Scariot DB, Staneviciute A, Zhu J, Li X, Scott EA, Engman DM. Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease: Is there hope in nanotechnology to fight neglected tropical diseases? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1000972. [PMID: 36189341 PMCID: PMC9523166 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1000972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is revolutionizing many sectors of science, from food preservation to healthcare to energy applications. Since 1995, when the first nanomedicines started being commercialized, drug developers have relied on nanotechnology to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of bioactive molecules. The development of advanced nanomaterials has greatly enhanced drug discovery through improved pharmacotherapeutic effects and reduction of toxicity and side effects. Therefore, highly toxic treatments such as cancer chemotherapy, have benefited from nanotechnology. Considering the toxicity of the few therapeutic options to treat neglected tropical diseases, such as leishmaniasis and Chagas disease, nanotechnology has also been explored as a potential innovation to treat these diseases. However, despite the significant research progress over the years, the benefits of nanotechnology for both diseases are still limited to preliminary animal studies, raising the question about the clinical utility of nanomedicines in this field. From this perspective, this review aims to discuss recent nanotechnological developments, the advantages of nanoformulations over current leishmanicidal and trypanocidal drugs, limitations of nano-based drugs, and research gaps that still must be filled to make these novel drug delivery systems a reality for leishmaniasis and Chagas disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora B. Scariot
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Debora B. Scariot,
| | - Austeja Staneviciute
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jennifer Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xiaomo Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Evan A. Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, IL, United States
| | - David M. Engman
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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10
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Joshi G, Quadir SS, Yadav KS. Road map to the treatment of neglected tropical diseases: Nanocarriers interventions. J Control Release 2021; 339:51-74. [PMID: 34555491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neglected tropical disease (NTD) is a set of 20 deadliest endemic diseases which shows its presence in most of the developing countries worldwide. Nearly 1 billion of the population are affected by it and suffered from poverty yearly. These diseases offer their own unique challenges and limitations towards effective prevention and treatment methods. Neglected tropical diseases are severe infections they may not kill the patient but debilitate the patient by causing severe skin deformities, disfigurement and horrible risks for several infections. Existing therapies for neglected diseases suffer from the loopholes like high degree of toxicity, side effects, low bioavailability, improper targeting and problematic application for affected populations. Progress in the field of nanotechnology in last decades suggested the intervention of nanocarriers to take over and drive the research and development to the next level by incorporating established drugs into the nanocarriers rather than discovering the newer drugs which is an expensive affair. These nanocarriers are believed to be a sure shot technique to fight infections at root level by virtue of its nanosize and ability to reach at cellular level. This article highlights the recent advances, rationale, targets and the challenges that are being faced to fight against NTDs and how the novel therapy tactics are able to contribute to its importance in prevention and treatment of NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India
| | - Sheikh Shahnawaz Quadir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India
| | - Khushwant S Yadav
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Mumbai 400056, India.
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11
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Mazzeti AL, Gonçalves KR, Mota SLA, Pereira DE, Diniz LDF, Bahia MT. Combination therapy using nitro compounds improves the efficacy of experimental Chagas disease treatment. Parasitology 2021; 148:1320-1327. [PMID: 34247670 PMCID: PMC11010181 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021001001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Drug combinations have been evaluated for Chagas disease in an attempt to improve efficacy and safety. In this line, the objective of this work is to assess the effects of treatment with nitro drugs combinations using benznidazole (BZ) or nifurtimox (NFX) plus the sulfone metabolite of fexinidazole (fex-SFN) in vitro and in vivo on Trypanosoma cruzi infection. The in vitro interaction of fex-SFN and BZ or NFX against infected H9c2 cells by the Y strain was classified as an additive (0.5⩾ΣFIC<4), suggesting the possibility of a dose reduction in the in vivo T. cruzi infection. Next, the effect of combining suboptimal doses was assessed in an acute model of murine T. cruzi infection. Drug combinations led to a faster suppression of parasitemia than monotherapies. Also, the associations led to higher cure levels than those in the reference treatment BZ 100 mg day−1 (57.1%) (i.e. 83.3% with BZ/fex-SFN and 75% with NFX/fex-SFN). Importantly, toxic effects resulting from the associations were not observed, according to weight gain and hepatic enzyme levels in the serum of experimental animals. Taken together, this study is a starting point to explore the potential effects of nitro drugs combinations in preclinical models of kinetoplastid-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lia Mazzeti
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Escola de Medicina & Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG35400-000, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ21040-360, Brazil
| | - Karolina R. Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Escola de Medicina & Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG35400-000, Brazil
| | - Suianne L. A. Mota
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Escola de Medicina & Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG35400-000, Brazil
| | - Dário Elias Pereira
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Escola de Medicina & Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG35400-000, Brazil
| | - Lívia de F. Diniz
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Básica, Departamento de Patologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, MG37130-001, Brazil
| | - Maria Terezinha Bahia
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Escola de Medicina & Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG35400-000, Brazil
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12
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García MC, Eberhardt N, Sanmarco LM, Ponce NE, Jimenez-Kairuz AF, Aoki MP. Improved efficacy and safety of low doses of benznidazole-loaded multiparticulate delivery systems in experimental Chagas disease therapy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 164:105912. [PMID: 34133985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Benznidazole (BZ) is a first-line drug for the treatment of Chagas disease; however, it presents several disadvantages that could hamper its therapeutic success. Multiparticulate drug delivery systems (MDDS) are promising carriers to improve the performance of drugs. We developed BZ-loaded MDDS intended for improving Chagas disease therapy. To assess their efficacy and safety, Trypanosoma (T) cruzi infected BALB/c mice were orally treated with free BZ or BZ-MDDS at different regimens (doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg/day, administered daily or at 2- or 5-days intervals) and compared with infected non-treated (INT) mice. At 100 mg/kg/day, independent of the administration regimen, both treatments were able to override the parasitemia, and at 50 mg/kg/day significantly reduced it compared to INT mice. BZ-MDDS at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day administered every 5 days (BZ-MDDS 100-13d) induced the lowest cardiac parasite load, indicating an improved efficacy with lower total dose of BZ when loaded to the MDDS. Reactive oxygen species produced by leukocytes were higher in INT and mice treated with BZ at 50 mg/kg/day compared to 100 mg/kg/day, likely because of persistent infection. BZ-MDDS treatments markedly reduced heart and liver injury markers compared to INT mice and those receiving the standard treatment. Therefore, BZ-MDDS exhibited enhanced activity against T. cruzi infection even at lower doses and reduced administration frequency compared to free BZ while increasing the treatment safety. They likely avoid undesired side effects of BZ by keeping a sustained concentration, avoiding plasmatic drug peaks. BZ-MDDS evidenced significant improvements in experimental Chagas disease treatment and can be considered as a potential improved therapeutic alternative against this illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica C García
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA)-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Natalia Eberhardt
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Liliana M Sanmarco
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Nicolás E Ponce
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Alvaro F Jimenez-Kairuz
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA)-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Maria P Aoki
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina.
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13
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Li X, Yi S, Scariot DB, Martinez SJ, Falk BA, Olson CL, Romano PS, Scott EA, Engman DM. Nanocarrier-enhanced intracellular delivery of benznidazole for treatment of Trypanosoma cruzi infection. JCI Insight 2021; 6:145523. [PMID: 33986194 PMCID: PMC8262286 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), an intracellular pathogen that causes significant morbidity and death among millions in the Americas from Canada to Argentina. Current therapy involves oral administration of the nitroimidazole benznidazole (BNZ), which has serious side effects that often necessitate cessation of treatment. To both avoid off-target side effects and reduce the necessary dosage of BNZ, we packaged the drug within poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene sulfide) polymersomes (BNZ-PSs). We show that these vesicular nanocarriers enhanced intracellular delivery to phagocytic cells and tested this formulation in a mouse model of T. cruzi infection. BNZ-PS is not only nontoxic but also significantly more potent than free BNZ, effectively reducing parasitemia, intracellular infection, and tissue parasitosis at a 466-fold lower dose of BNZ. We conclude that BNZ-PS was superior to BNZ for treatment of T. cruzi infection in mice and that further modifications of this nanocarrier formulation could lead to a wide range of custom controlled delivery applications for improved treatment of Chagas disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomo Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sijia Yi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Débora B. Scariot
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Santiago J. Martinez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, “Dr. Mario H. Burgos”, IHEM-CONICET, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ben A. Falk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cheryl L. Olson
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Patricia S. Romano
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, “Dr. Mario H. Burgos”, IHEM-CONICET, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Evan A. Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David M. Engman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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14
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Rial MS, Seremeta KP, Esteva MI, Búa J, Salomon CJ, Fichera LE. In vitro studies and preclinical evaluation of benznidazole microparticles in the acute Trypanosoma cruzi murine model. Parasitology 2021; 148:566-575. [PMID: 33298212 PMCID: PMC10950374 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020002310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a serious parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Unfortunately, the current chemotherapeutic tools are not enough to combat the infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trypanocidal activity of benznidazole-loaded microparticles during the acute phase of Chagas infection in an experimental murine model. Microparticles were prepared by spray-drying using copolymers derived from esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids as carriers. Dissolution efficiency of the formulations was up to 3.80-fold greater than that of raw benznidazole. Stability assay showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the loading capacity of microparticles for 3 years. Cell cultures showed no visible morphological changes or destabilization of the cell membrane nor haemolysis was observed in defibrinated human blood after microparticles treatment. Mice with acute lethal infection survived 100% after 30 days of treatment with benznidazole microparticles (50 mg kg-1 day-1). Furthermore, no detectable parasite load measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and lower levels of T. cruzi-specific antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were found in those mice. A significant decrease in the inflammation of heart tissue after treatment with these microparticles was observed, in comparison with the inflammatory damage observed in both infected mice treated with raw benznidazole and untreated infected mice. Therefore, these polymeric formulations are an attractive approach to treat Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela S. Rial
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr M. Fatala Chaben, ANLIS CG Malbrán, Ministerio de Salud, Av. Paseo Colón 568, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Katia P. Seremeta
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional del Chaco Austral, Cte. Fernández 755, 3700, Pcia. Roque Sáenz Peña, Chaco, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica I. Esteva
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr M. Fatala Chaben, ANLIS CG Malbrán, Ministerio de Salud, Av. Paseo Colón 568, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jacqueline Búa
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr M. Fatala Chaben, ANLIS CG Malbrán, Ministerio de Salud, Av. Paseo Colón 568, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio J. Salomon
- Instituto de Química Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IQUIR-CONICET), Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
- Área Técnica Farmacéutica, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Laura E. Fichera
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr M. Fatala Chaben, ANLIS CG Malbrán, Ministerio de Salud, Av. Paseo Colón 568, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Zuma AA, de Souza W. Chagas Disease Chemotherapy: What Do We Know So Far? Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:3963-3995. [PMID: 33593251 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210216152654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD), and although endemic in Latin America, affects around 6-7 million people infected worldwide. The treatment of Chagas disease is based on benznidazole and nifurtimox, which are the only available drugs. However, they are not effective during the chronic phase and cause several side effects. Furthermore, BZ promotes cure in 80% of the patients in the acute phase, but the cure rate drops to 20% in adults in the chronic phase of the disease. In this review, we present several studies published in the last six years, which describes the antiparasitic potential of distinct drugs, from the synthesis of new compounds aiming to target the parasite, as well as the repositioning and the combination of drugs. We highlight several compounds for having shown results that are equivalent or superior to BZ, which means that they should be further studied, either in vitro or in vivo. Furthermore, we stand out the differences in the effects of BZ on the same strain of T. cruzi, which might be related to methodological differences such as parasite and cell ratios, host cell type and the time of adding the drug. In addition, we discuss the wide variety of strains and also the cell types used as a host cell, which makes it difficult to compare the trypanocidal effect of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Araujo Zuma
- Laboratorio de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21491-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brazil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Laboratorio de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21491-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brazil
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16
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Davies C, Simonazzi A, Micheloud JF, Ragone PG, Cid AG, Negrette OS, Bermúdez JM, Parada LA. Benznidazole/Poloxamer 407 Solid Dispersion as a New Strategy to Improve the Treatment of Experimental Trypanosoma cruzi Infection. J Parasitol 2020; 106:323-333. [PMID: 32369594 DOI: 10.1645/19-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Benznidazole and nifurtimox are the only drugs specifically approved for the treatment of Chagas disease. Both compounds are given orally in tablets, but occasionally are ineffective and cause adverse effects. Benznidazole, the first-line treatment in many countries, is a compound with low solubility in water that is administered at high doses for long periods of time. To improve its solubility, we developed a new liquid formulation on the basis of solid dispersions (SD) using the amphiphilic polymer poloxamer 407. Herein we present data on its trypanocidal performance in mouse models of acute and chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection. SD at doses of 60 or 15 mg/kg per day given with different administration schedules were compared with the commercial formulation (CF; 50 mg/kg per day) and vehicle. The SD performance was assessed by direct parasitemia, total anti-T. cruzi antibodies, and parasitic burden in tissues after 4 or 6 mo posttreatment. The efficacy of the SD was equivalent to the CF but without manifest side effects and hepatotoxicity. Considering our previous data on solubility, together with these on efficacy, this new liquid formulation represents a promising alternative for the treatment of Chagas disease, particularly in cases when dosing poses a challenge, as in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Davies
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta. Av. Bolivia 5150, 4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - Analía Simonazzi
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta. Av. Bolivia 5150, 4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - Juan Francisco Micheloud
- Grupo de Trabajo de Patología, Epidemiología e Investigación Diagnóstica, Área de Sanidad Animal-IIACS Leales/INTA-Salta, RN 68, km 172, Cerrillos, Salta, Argentina
| | - Paula Gabriela Ragone
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta. Av. Bolivia 5150, 4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - Alicia Graciela Cid
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta. Av. Bolivia 5150, 4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - Olga Sánchez Negrette
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad Católica de Salta. Castañares, 4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - José María Bermúdez
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta. Av. Bolivia 5150, 4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - Luis Antonio Parada
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta. Av. Bolivia 5150, 4400, Salta, Argentina
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17
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Rial MS, Arrúa EC, Natale MA, Bua J, Esteva MI, Prado NG, Laucella SA, Salomon CJ, Fichera LE. Efficacy of continuous versus intermittent administration of nanoformulated benznidazole during the chronic phase of Trypanosoma cruzi Nicaragua infection in mice. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 75:1906-1916. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Benznidazole and nifurtimox are effective drugs used to treat Chagas’ disease; however, their administration in patients in the chronic phase of the disease is still limited, mainly due to their limited efficacy in the later chronic stage of the disease and to the adverse effects related to these drugs.
Objectives
To evaluate the effect of low doses of nanoformulated benznidazole using a chronic model of Trypanosoma cruzi Nicaragua infection in C57BL/6J mice.
Methods
Nanoformulations were administered in two different schemes: one daily dose for 30 days or one dose every 7 days, 13 times.
Results
Both treatment schemes showed promising outcomes, such as the elimination of parasitaemia, a reduction in the levels of T. cruzi-specific antibodies and a reduction in T. cruzi-specific IFN-γ-producing cells, as well as an improvement in electrocardiographic alterations and a reduction in inflammation and fibrosis in the heart compared with untreated T. cruzi-infected animals. These results were also compared with those from our previous work on benznidazole administration, which was shown to be effective in the same chronic model.
Conclusions
In this experimental model, intermittently administered benznidazole nanoformulations were as effective as those administered continuously; however, the total dose administered in the intermittent scheme was lower, indicating a promising therapeutic approach to Chagas’ disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Rial
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben”, ANLIS “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E C Arrúa
- Area Técnica Farmacéutica, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - M A Natale
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben”, ANLIS “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Bua
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben”, ANLIS “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M I Esteva
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben”, ANLIS “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N G Prado
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben”, ANLIS “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S A Laucella
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben”, ANLIS “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C J Salomon
- Area Técnica Farmacéutica, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L E Fichera
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben”, ANLIS “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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18
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Esteban‐Parra GM, Moscoso I, Cepeda J, García JA, Sánchez‐Moreno M, Rodríguez‐Diéguez A, Quirós M. Lanthanide(III) Based Complexes Containing 5,7‐Dimethyl‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐
a
]pyrimidine as Long‐Lived Photoluminescent Antiparasitic Agents. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ginés M. Esteban‐Parra
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Inmaculada Moscoso
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Javier Cepeda
- Departamento de Química Aplicada Facultad de Química Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU) 20018 Donostia Spain
| | - Jose A. García
- Departamento de Física Aplicada II Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU) 48940 Leioa Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez‐Moreno
- Departamento de Parasitología Facultad de Ciencias University of Granada 18071 Granada Spain
| | | | - Miguel Quirós
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada 18071 Granada Spain
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19
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Benznidazole self-emulsifying delivery system: A novel alternative dosage form for Chagas disease treatment. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 145:105234. [PMID: 31978590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Benznidazole (BZ) tablets are a unique form of treatment available for treating Chagas disease. Development of a liquid formulation containing BZ easy to administer orally for the treatment of paediatric patients, particularly for newborns is urgently required, with the same efficacy, safety and suitable biopharmaceutical properties as BZ tablets. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) may improve bioavailability of drugs such as BZ, which have poor water solubility and low permeability. In this context, the aim of this work was to develop a liquid BZ-SEDDS formulation as an alternative to tablets and to evaluate its cytotoxicity in different host cell lines and its efficacy in experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice. The optimized SEDDS formulation (25 mg/ml of BZ) induced no cytotoxicity in H9c2, HepG2 and Caco2 cells in vitro at 25 μM level. BZ-SEDDS and free-BZ showed similar in vitro trypanocidal activity in H9c2 cells infected by T. cruzi Y strain, with IC50 values of 2.10 ± 0.41 μM and 1.29 ± 0.01 μM for BZ and BZ-SEDDS, respectively. A follow up of efficacy in an acute model of infected mice resulted in the same percentage of cure (57%) for both free-BZ and BZ-SEDDS- groups according to established parameters. Furthermore, no additional in vivo toxicity was observed in animals treated with BZ-SEDDS. Taken together, in vitro and in vivo data of BZ-SEDDS showed that the incorporation of BZ into SEDDS does not alter its potency, efficacy and safety. Thus, BZ-SEDDS can be a more practical and personalized orally administered liquid dosage form compared to suspension of crushed BZ-tablets to treat newborn and young children by emulsifying SEDDS in different aqueous liquids with advantage of dosing flexibility.
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20
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Arrúa EC, Seremeta KP, Bedogni GR, Okulik NB, Salomon CJ. Nanocarriers for effective delivery of benznidazole and nifurtimox in the treatment of chagas disease: A review. Acta Trop 2019; 198:105080. [PMID: 31299283 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) constitute a group of infectious diseases prevalent in countries with tropical and subtropical climate that affect the poorest individuals and produce high chronic disability associated with serious problems for the health system and socioeconomic development. Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis is included on the NTDs list. However, even though this disease affects more than 10 million people, mostly in Latin America, causing the death of over 10,000 people every year, only two drugs are approved for its treatment, benznidazole and nifurtimox. These antiparasitic agents were developed almost half a century ago and present several biopharmaceutical disadvantages such as low aqueous solubility and permeability limiting their bioavailability. In addition, both therapeutic agents are available only as tablets and a liquid pediatric formulation is still lacking. Therefore, novel pharmaceutical strategies to optimize the pharmacotherapy of Chagas disease are urgently required. In this regard, nanotechnological approaches may be a crucial alternative for the delivery of both drugs ensuring an effective pharmacotherapy although the successful bench-to-bedside translation remains a major challenge. The present work reviews in detail the formulation and in-vitro/in-vivo analysis of different nanoformulations of nifurtimox and benznidazole in order to enhance their solubility, dissolution, bioavailability and trypanocidal activity.
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21
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Quijia Quezada C, Azevedo CS, Charneau S, Santana JM, Chorilli M, Carneiro MB, Bastos IMD. Advances in nanocarriers as drug delivery systems in Chagas disease. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:6407-6424. [PMID: 31496694 PMCID: PMC6691952 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s206109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is one of the most important public health problems in Latin America due to its high mortality and morbidity levels. There is no effective treatment for this disease since drugs are usually toxic with low bioavailability. Serious efforts to achieve disease control and eventual eradication have been unsuccessful to date, emphasizing the need for rapid diagnosis, drug development, and a reliable vaccine. Novel systems for drug and vaccine administration based on nanocarriers represent a promising avenue for Chagas disease treatment. Nanoparticulate systems can reduce toxicity, and increase the efficacy and bioavailability of active compounds by prolonging release, and therefore improve the therapeutic index. Moreover, nanoparticles are able to interact with the host's immune system, modulating the immune response to favour the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms. In addition, new advances in diagnostic assays, such as nanobiosensors, are beneficial in that they enable precise identification of the pathogen. In this review, we provide an overview of the strategies and nanocarrier-based delivery systems for antichagasic agents, such as liposomes, micelles, nanoemulsions, polymeric and non-polymeric nanoparticles. We address recent progress, with a particular focus on the advances of nanovaccines and nanodiagnostics, exploring new perspectives on Chagas disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Quijia Quezada
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clênia S Azevedo
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Sébastien Charneau
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Jaime M Santana
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcella B Carneiro
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Izabela Marques Dourado Bastos
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
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22
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Volpedo G, Costa L, Ryan N, Halsey G, Satoskar A, Oghumu S. Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for the treatment of neglected tropical protozoan diseases. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2019; 25:e144118. [PMID: 31130996 PMCID: PMC6483407 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-1441-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) comprise of a group of seventeen infectious
conditions endemic in many developing countries. Among these diseases are three
of protozoan origin, namely leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and African
trypanosomiasis, caused by the parasites Leishmania spp.,
Trypanosoma cruzi, and Trypanosoma brucei
respectively. These diseases have their own unique challenges which are
associated with the development of effective prevention and treatment methods.
Collectively, these parasitic diseases cause more deaths worldwide than all
other NTDs combined. Moreover, many current therapies for these diseases are
limited in their efficacy, possessing harmful or potentially fatal side effects
at therapeutic doses. It is therefore imperative that new treatment strategies
for these parasitic diseases are developed. Nanoparticulate drug delivery
systems have emerged as a promising area of research in the therapy and
prevention of NTDs. These delivery systems provide novel mechanisms for targeted
drug delivery within the host, maximizing therapeutic effects while minimizing
systemic side effects. Currently approved drugs may also be repackaged using
these delivery systems, allowing for their potential use in NTDs of protozoan
origin. Current research on these novel delivery systems has provided insight
into possible indications, with evidence demonstrating their improved ability to
specifically target pathogens, penetrate barriers within the host, and reduce
toxicity with lower dose regimens. In this review, we will examine current
research on these delivery systems, focusing on applications in the treatment of
leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and African trypanosomiasis. Nanoparticulate
systems present a unique therapeutic alternative through the repositioning of
existing medications and directed drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Volpedo
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Ohio State University, Department of Microbiology, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lourena Costa
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Nathan Ryan
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Gregory Halsey
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Abhay Satoskar
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Ohio State University, Department of Microbiology, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Steve Oghumu
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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23
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Velpurisiva P, Kydd JL, Jadia R, Morris SA, Rai P. Introduction. Bioanalysis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-01775-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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24
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In vivo treatment of experimental neurocysticercosis with praziquantel nanosuspensions-a metabolic approach. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:1265-1273. [PMID: 30117119 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic infection of the nervous system and currently represents a serious public health issue in many regions of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. To date, praziquantel is one of the chosen drugs for the treatment of neurocysticercosis. Its mechanism of action is based on the inhibition of different biochemical pathways within the parasite which contribute to its death. Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze, for the first time, whether the nanoformulations of praziquantel would modify the energetic pathway of Taenia crassiceps cysticerci, after an intracranial inoculation in BALB/c mice. Praziquantel nanosuspensions were formulated with polyvinyl alcohol, poloxamer 188, and poloxamer 407, as stabilizers. These formulations exhibited particle size in a range of 74-285 nm and zeta potential values in a range of - 8.1/- 13.2 depending on the type of stabilizer. Physical stability study at both 4 ± 2 and 25 ± 2 °C indicated that praziquantel (PZQ) nanoparticles were stable in terms of solubility and particle size after 120-day storage. In vivo studies demonstrated that those nanosystems were able to produce significant modifications on the concentrations of oxaloacetate, citrate, pyruvate, alpha-ketoglutarate, malate, succinate, lactate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, fumarate, and propionate involved in the metabolism of Taenia crassiceps cysticerci. Therefore, these nanoformulations may be considered as a promising tool to deliver praziquantel to the brain for the effective management of neurocysticercosis.
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25
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Real D, Hoffmann S, Leonardi D, Salomon C, Goycoolea FM. Chitosan-based nanodelivery systems applied to the development of novel triclabendazole formulations. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207625. [PMID: 30540811 PMCID: PMC6291145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Triclabendazole is a poorly-water soluble (0.24 μg/mL) compound classified into the Class II/IV of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System. It is the drug of choice to treat fascioliasis, a neglected parasitic disease worldwide disseminated. Triclabendazole is registered as veterinary medicine and it is only available for human treatment as 250 mg tablets. Thus, the aim of this work was to develop novel drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology approaches. The chitosan-based nanocapsules and nanoemulsions of triclabendazole were fully characterized regarding their particle size distribution, polydispersity index and zeta potential, in-vitro release and stability in biological media. Cytotoxicity evaluation and cellular uptake studies using CaCo-2 cell line were also investigated. The results indicated an average hydrodynamic size around ~160 nm were found for unloaded nanoemulsions which were slightly increased up to ~190 nm for loaded one. In contrast, the average hydrodynamic size of the nanocapsules increased from ~160 nm up to ~400 nm when loaded with triclabendazole. The stability studies upon 30 days storage at 4, 25 and 37°C showed that average size of nanoemulsions was not modified with varying amounts of loaded TCBZ while an opposite result was seen in case of loaded nanocapsules. In addition, a slight reduction of zeta potential values over time was observed in both triclabendazole nanosystems. Release of TCBZ from nanoformulations over 6 h in simulated gastric fluid was 9 to 16-fold higher than with untreated TCBZ dispersion. In phosphate buffer saline solution there was no drug release for neither nanocapsules nor nanoemulsions. Cell viabilities studies indicated that at certain concentrations, drug encapsulation can lower its cytotoxic effects when compared to untreated drug. Confocal laser scanning microscopy study has shown that nanocapsules strongly interacted with Caco-2 cells in vitro which could increase the passage time of triclabendazole after oral administration. The results of this study constitute the first step towards the development of nanoformulations intended for the oral delivery of anti-parasitic drugs of enhanced bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Real
- Instituto de Química de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Rosario, Argentina
- Departamento Farmacia, Facultad de Cs. Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Stefan Hoffmann
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Darío Leonardi
- Instituto de Química de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Rosario, Argentina
- Departamento Farmacia, Facultad de Cs. Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Claudio Salomon
- Instituto de Química de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Rosario, Argentina
- Departamento Farmacia, Facultad de Cs. Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- * E-mail: (CS); (FMG)
| | - Francisco M. Goycoolea
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (CS); (FMG)
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26
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Experimental combination therapy using low doses of benznidazole and allopurinol in mouse models of Trypanosoma cruzi chronic infection. Parasitology 2018; 146:305-313. [PMID: 30301480 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182018001567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of low doses of benznidazole (BNZ) on continuous administration (BNZc), combined with allopurinol (ALO), in C57BL/6J and C3H/HeN mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi Nicaragua strain and T. cruzi Sylvio-X10/4 clone. TcN-C57BL/6J was also treated with intermittent doses of BNZ (BNZit). The drug therapy started 3 months post infection (pi) in the chronic phase of mice with heart disease progression, followed-up at 6 months pi. TcN-C57BL/6J treated with BNZc was also monitored up to 12 months pi by serology and electrocardiogram. These mice showed severe electrical abnormalities, which were not observed after BNZc or BNZit. ALO only showed positive interaction with the lowest dose of BNZ. A clear parasitic effect, with significant reductions in antibody titres and parasitic loads, was achieved in all models with low doses of BNZ, and a 25% reduction of the conventional dose showed more efficacy to inhibit the development of the pathology. However, BNZ 75 showed partial efficacy in the TcSylvio-X10/4-C3H/HeN model. In our experimental designs, C57BL/6J allowed to clearly define a chronic phase, and through reproducible efficacy indicators, it can be considered a good preclinical model.
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