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Kuramitsu M, Momose H, Uchida Y, Ishitsuka K, Kubota R, Tokunaga M, Utsunomiya A, Umekita K, Hashikura Y, Nosaka K, Koh KR, Nakamura H, Sagara Y, Sobata R, Satake M, Nagata K, Hasegawa Y, Sasaki D, Hasegawa H, Sato T, Yamano Y, Hiraga K, Tezuka K, Ikebe E, Matsuoka S, Okuma K, Watanabe T, Miura K, Hamaguchi I. Performance evaluation of Espline HTLV-I/II, a newly developed rapid immunochromatographic antibody test for different diagnostic situations. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0207823. [PMID: 37966220 PMCID: PMC10715220 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02078-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The World Health Organization estimated that 5-10 million people are infected with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). This number is likely to be underestimated because reliable endemic data are available for only approximately 1.5 billion people worldwide. The point-of-care test is a powerful tool for the easy and quick detection of infections without the requirement for expensive instruments and laboratory equipment. Espline HTLV-I/II, a newly developed rapid immunochromatographic antibody test that was evaluated in this study, might significantly advance our understanding of the global epidemiology of HTLV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Kuramitsu
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Momose
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Uchida
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishitsuka
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kubota
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masahito Tokunaga
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Atae Utsunomiya
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Umekita
- Division of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yuuki Hashikura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kisato Nosaka
- Cancer Center, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ki-Ryang Koh
- Department of Hematology, Osaka General Hospital of West Japan Railway Company, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nakamura
- Japanese Red Cross Kyushu Block Blood Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuko Sagara
- Japanese Red Cross Kyushu Block Blood Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Rieko Sobata
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Satake
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koh Nagata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuri Hasegawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroo Hasegawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoo Sato
- Department of Neurology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Yamano
- Department of Neurology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kou Hiraga
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Tezuka
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Ikebe
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sahoko Matsuoka
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazu Okuma
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiki Watanabe
- Laboratory of Practical Management of Medical Information, Graduate School of Medicine, St. Marianna University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Miura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Isao Hamaguchi
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Subaru Health Insurance Society Ota Memorial Hospital, Gunma, Japan
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Leys YE, Cameron J, Frater V, Thomas K, Butterfield TR, Campbell Mitchell M, Maddan C, Moore J, Pierre R, Cloherty GA, Anzinger JJ. Seroprevalence of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus-1 in a Jamaican Antenatal Population and Assessment of Pooled Testing as a Cost Reduction Strategy for Implementation of Routine Antenatal Screening. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 109:1344-1350. [PMID: 37871588 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mother to child transmission (MTCT) of human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-1 is associated with increased risk of adult T-cell leukemia and can be unrecognized without routine antenatal screening. We assessed the seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 among pregnant women attending The University Hospital of the West Indies Antenatal Clinic, 2019, and validated a cost-effective strategy to screen antenatal clinic attendees for HTLV-1/2. Residual antenatal samples from 370 women were tested for HTLV-1/2 by chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). Six samples were confirmed HTLV-1 positive by Western blot (none for HTLV-2) for a prevalence of 1.62%. Four mother-child pairs were able to be recruited for HTLV testing of children, with two children testing HTLV-1/2 positive. Medical records of HTLV-1-infected women revealed that all women breastfed, indicating an unrecognized risk for HTLV MTCT. To assess whether pooling of samples as a cost-reduction strategy could be introduced, we pooled all antenatal samples received between November and December 2021 into 12 pools of eight samples/pool. Two pools were CMIA positive, and de-pooling of samples identified two CMIA-positive samples (one per pool), both confirmed as HTLV-1 by Western blot. These results indicate that HTLV-1 remains prevalent in pregnant Jamaican women and that sample pooling can be a cost-effective strategy to limit MTCT in Jamaica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ynolde E Leys
- Department of Microbiology, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica, West Indies
| | - Jenene Cameron
- Department of Microbiology, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica, West Indies
| | - Velesha Frater
- Department of Microbiology, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica, West Indies
| | - Kaesha Thomas
- Department of Microbiology, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica, West Indies
| | - Tiffany R Butterfield
- Department of Microbiology, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica, West Indies
| | - Michelle Campbell Mitchell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica, West Indies
| | - Cathy Maddan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica, West Indies
| | - Jacynth Moore
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica, West Indies
| | - Russell Pierre
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica, West Indies
| | - Gavin A Cloherty
- Infectious Diseases Research, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, Illinois
| | - Joshua J Anzinger
- Department of Microbiology, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica, West Indies
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica, West Indies
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland
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Kowada A. Cost-effectiveness of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) antenatal screening for prevention of mother-to-child transmission. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011129. [PMID: 36809372 PMCID: PMC9983854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy-tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) with a poor prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and health impact of HTLV-1 antenatal screening. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A state-transition model was developed for HTLV-1 antenatal screening and no screening over a lifetime horizon from a healthcare payer perspective. A hypothetical cohort of 30-year-old individuals was targeted. The main outcomes were costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), life expectancy life-years (LYs), incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), HTLV-1 carriers, ATL cases, HAM/TSP cases, ATL-associated deaths, and HAM/TSP-associated deaths. The willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold was set at US$50,000 per QALY gained. In the base-case analysis, HTLV-1 antenatal screening (US$76.85, 24.94766 QALYs, 24.94813 LYs, ICER; US$40,100 per QALY gained) was cost-effective compared with no screening (US$2.18, 24.94580 QALYs, 24.94807 LYs). Cost-effectiveness was sensitive to the maternal HTLV-1 seropositivity rate, HTLV-1 transmission rate with long-term breastfeeding from HTLV-1 seropositive mothers to children, and the cost of the HTLV-1 antibody test. HTLV-1 antenatal screening was cost-effective when the maternal HTLV-1 seropositivity rate was greater than 0.0022 and the cost of the HTLV-1 antibody test was lower than US$94.8. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis using a second-order Monte-Carlo simulation showed that HTLV-1 antenatal screening was 81.1% cost-effective at a WTP threshold of US$50,000 per QALY gained. For 10,517,942 individuals born between 2011 and 2021, HTLV-1 antenatal screening costs US$785 million, increases19,586 QALYs and 631 LYs, and prevents 125,421 HTLV-1 carriers, 4,405 ATL cases, 3,035 ATL-associated deaths, 67 HAM/TSP cases, and 60 HAM/TSP-associated deaths, compared with no screening over a lifetime. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE HTLV-1 antenatal screening is cost-effective and has the potential to reduce ATL and HAM/TSP morbidity and mortality in Japan. The findings strongly support the recommendation for HTLV-1 antenatal screening as a national infection control policy in HTLV-1 high-prevalence countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kowada
- Department of Occupational Health, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail: ,
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Gessain A, Ramassamy JL, Afonso PV, Cassar O. Geographic distribution, clinical epidemiology and genetic diversity of the human oncogenic retrovirus HTLV-1 in Africa, the world's largest endemic area. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1043600. [PMID: 36817417 PMCID: PMC9935834 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1043600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The African continent is considered the largest high endemic area for the oncogenic retrovirus HTLV-1 with an estimated two to five million infected individuals. However, data on epidemiological aspects, in particular prevalence, risk factors and geographical distribution, are still very limited for many regions: on the one hand, few large-scale and representative studies have been performed and, on the other hand, many studies do not include confirmatory tests, resulting in indeterminate serological results, and a likely overestimation of HTLV-1 seroprevalence. For this review, we included the most robust studies published since 1984 on the prevalence of HTLV-1 and the two major diseases associated with this infection in people living in Africa and the Indian Ocean islands: adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and tropical spastic paraparesis or HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM/TSP). We also considered most of the book chapters and abstracts published at the 20 international conferences on HTLV and related viruses held since 1985, as well as the results of recent meta-analyses regarding the status of HTLV-1 in West and sub-Saharan Africa. Based on this bibliography, it appears that HTLV-1 distribution is very heterogeneous in Africa: The highest prevalences of HTLV-1 are reported in western, central and southern Africa, while eastern and northern Africa show lower prevalences. In highly endemic areas, the HTLV-1 prevalence in the adult population ranges from 0.3 to 3%, increases with age, and is highest among women. In rural areas of Gabon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), HTLV-1 prevalence can reach up to 10-25% in elder women. HTLV-1-associated diseases in African patients have rarely been reported in situ on hospital wards, by local physicians. With the exception of the Republic of South Africa, DRC and Senegal, most reports on ATL and HAM/TSP in African patients have been published by European and American clinicians and involve immigrants or medical returnees to Europe (France and the UK) and the United States. There is clearly a huge underreporting of these diseases on the African continent. The genetic diversity of HTLV-1 is greatest in Africa, where six distinct genotypes (a, b, d, e, f, g) have been identified. The most frequent genotype in central Africa is genotype b. The other genotypes found in central Africa (d, e, f and g) are very rare. The vast majority of HTLV-1 strains from West and North Africa belong to genotype a, the so-called 'Cosmopolitan' genotype. These strains form five clades roughly reflecting the geographic origin of the infected individuals. We have recently shown that some of these clades are the result of recombination between a-WA and a-NA strains. Almost all sequences from southern Africa belong to Transcontinental a-genotype subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Gessain
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Unité d'Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Paris, France
| | - Jill-Léa Ramassamy
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Unité d'Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Paris, France
| | - Philippe V Afonso
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Unité d'Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Cassar
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Unité d'Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Paris, France
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Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1-Related Diseases May Constitute a Threat to the Elimination of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, by 2030, in Gabon, Central Africa. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122808. [PMID: 36560812 PMCID: PMC9785256 DOI: 10.3390/v14122808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) has adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to end the HIV/AIDS epidemic by 2030. Several factors related to the non-suppression of HIV, including interruptions of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and opportunistic infections could affect and delay this projected epidemic goal. Human T-Cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) appears to be consistently associated with a high risk of opportunistic infections, an early onset of HTLV-1 and its associated pathologies, as well as a fast progression to the AIDS phase in co-infected individuals, when compared to HIV-1 or HTLV-1 mono-infected individuals. In Gabon, the prevalence of these two retroviruses is very high and little is known about HTLV-1 and the associated pathologies, leaving most of them underdiagnosed. Hence, HTLV-1/HIV-1 co-infections could simultaneously imply a non-diagnosis of HIV-1 positive individuals having developed pathologies associated with HTLV-1, but also a high mortality rate among the co-infected individuals. All of these constitute potential obstacles to pursue targeted objectives. A systematic review was conducted to assess the negative impacts of HTLV-1/HIV-1 co-infections and related factors on the elimination of HIV/AIDS by 2030 in Gabon.
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Ramassamy JL, Ndongo CB, Nnuka P, Antunes M, Mener ML, A Betsem EB, Njouom R, Cassar O, Fontanet A, Gessain A. Epidemiological evidence of nosocomial and zoonotic transmission of HTLV-1 in a large survey in rural population of central Africa. J Infect Dis 2022; 227:752-760. [PMID: 35867855 PMCID: PMC10043981 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central Africa is one of the largest areas of high endemicity for human T-cell leukaemia virus (HTLV-1). However, no preventive measures are yet implemented to reduce its transmission, which can be sexual, from mother-to-child, or through contaminated blood products. Rare zoonotic transmissions from non-human primates (NHPs) have also been reported in this region. Here, we investigated the HTLV-1 prevalence and associated risk factors in a rural population in Cameroon. METHODS From 2019 to 2021, we performed a cross-sectional survey in the Eastern region of Cameroon. HTLV-1 infection was first screened by ELISA, then tested by Western blot and envelope gene targeted polymerase chain reaction. Risk factors associated with HTLV-1 infection were identified by logistic regression on univariable and multivariable analyses. RESULTS Among 3,400 participants, HTLV-1 prevalence was 1.1% (95%CI 0.7-1.5). Factors independently associated with HTLV-1 infection were: Pygmy ethnicity (adjusted odd ratio ORa, 2.9, 95%CI 1.3-6.2), history of surgery (ORa 6.3, 95%CI 2.2-17.8) and NHP bite (ORa 6.6, 95%CI 2.2-19.8). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest both iatrogenic and zoonotic transmission of HTLV-1 in Cameroon. Further studies are needed to assess the risk of nosocomial transmission of HTLV-1, to guide public health authorities in implementing preventive measures to control HTLV-1 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Léa Ramassamy
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Chanceline Bilounga Ndongo
- Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie, les Epidémies et les Pandémies. Ministère de la Santé Publique, Yaoundé, Cameroun.,Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Pharmaceutiques de l'Université de Douala, Douala, Cameroun
| | - Patrick Nnuka
- Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie, les Epidémies et les Pandémies. Ministère de la Santé Publique, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Maëlle Antunes
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Margot Le Mener
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Richard Njouom
- Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Unité de Virologie, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Olivier Cassar
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Fontanet
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Recherche et d'Expertise Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France.,Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Unité PACRI, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Gessain
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
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Mouinga-Ondémé A, Boundenga L, Koumba Koumba IP, Idam Mamimandjiami A, Diané A, Engone-Ondo JD, Djuicy DD, Sica J, Mombo LE, Gessain A, Aghokeng Fobang A. Human T-Lymphotropic virus type 1 and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in rural Gabon. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271320. [PMID: 35867643 PMCID: PMC9307203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) co-infection occur in many populations. People living with HIV-1 and infected with HTLV-1 seem more likely to progress rapidly towards AIDS. Both HTLV-1 and HIV-1 are endemic in Gabon (Central Africa). We investigated HTLV-1 and HIV-1 co-infection in the Haut-Ogooué province, and assessed factors that may favor the rapid evolution and progression to AIDS in co-infected patients. Methods Plasma samples from HTLV-1 patients were tested using ELISA, and positive samples were then tested by western blot assay (WB). We used the polymerase chain reaction to detect HTLV-1 Tax/Rex genes using DNA extracted from the buffy coat of ELISA-positives samples. Results We recruited 299 individuals (mean age 46 years) including 90 (30%) men and 209 (70%) women, all of whom are under treatment at the Ambulatory Treatment Centre of the province. Of these, 45 were ELISA HTLV-1/2 seropositive. According to WB criteria, 21 of 45 were confirmed positive: 20 were HTLV-1 (44%), 1 was HTLV-1/2 (2%), 2 were indeterminate (4%) and 22 were seronegative (49%). PCR results showed that 23 individuals were positive for the Tax/Rex region. Considering both serological and molecular assays, the prevalence of HTLV-1 infection was estimated at 7.7%. Being a woman and increasing age were found to be independent risk factors for co-infection. Mean CD4+ cell counts were higher in HTLV-1/HIV-1 co-infected (578.1 (± 340.8) cells/mm3) than in HIV-1 mono-infected (481.0 (± 299.0) cells/mm3) Individuals. Similarly, the mean HIV-1 viral load was Log 3.0 (± 1.6) copies/ml in mono-infected and Log 2.3 (± 0.7) copies/ml in coinfected individuals. Conclusion We described an overall high prevalence of HTLV-1/HIV-1 co-infection in Gabon. Our findings stress the need of strategies to prevent and manage these co-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin Mouinga-Ondémé
- Unité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- * E-mail:
| | - Larson Boundenga
- Groupe Evolution et Transmission Inter-espèces des Pathogènes (GETIP), Département de Parasitologie, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Ingrid Précilya Koumba Koumba
- Unité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (LABMC), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Antony Idam Mamimandjiami
- Unité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Abdoulaye Diané
- Unité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Jéordy Dimitri Engone-Ondo
- Unité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Delia Doreen Djuicy
- Unité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Jeanne Sica
- Centre de Traitement Ambulatoire, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Landry Erik Mombo
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (LABMC), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Antoine Gessain
- Unité d’Epidémiologie et de Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes (EPVO), et CNRS UMR3569, Institut Pasteur de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Avelin Aghokeng Fobang
- Unité Mixte de Recherche sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses Associées, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD – Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Clinical and Public Health Implications of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 2022; 35:e0007821. [PMID: 35195446 PMCID: PMC8941934 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00078-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is estimated to affect 5 to 10 million people globally and can cause severe and potentially fatal disease, including adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The burden of HTLV-1 infection appears to be geographically concentrated, with high prevalence in discrete regions and populations. While most high-income countries have introduced HTLV-1 screening of blood donations, few other public health measures have been implemented to prevent infection or its consequences. Recent advocacy from concerned researchers, clinicians, and community members has emphasized the potential for improved prevention and management of HTLV-1 infection. Despite all that has been learned in the 4 decades following the discovery of HTLV-1, gaps in knowledge across clinical and public health aspects persist, impeding optimal control and prevention, as well as the development of policies and guidelines. Awareness of HTLV-1 among health care providers, communities, and affected individuals remains limited, even in countries of endemicity. This review provides a comprehensive overview on HTLV-1 epidemiology and on clinical and public health and highlights key areas for further research and collaboration to advance the health of people with and at risk of HTLV-1 infection.
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Epidemiology and Genetic Variability of HHV-8/KSHV among Rural Populations and Kaposi's Sarcoma Patients in Gabon, Central Africa. Review of the Geographical Distribution of HHV-8 K1 Genotypes in Africa. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020175. [PMID: 33503816 PMCID: PMC7911267 DOI: 10.3390/v13020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is the etiological agent of all forms of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). K1 gene studies have identified five major molecular genotypes with geographical clustering. This study described the epidemiology of HHV-8 and its molecular diversity in Gabon among Bantu and Pygmy adult rural populations and KS patients. Plasma antibodies against latency-associated nuclear antigens (LANA) were searched by indirect immunofluorescence. Buffy coat DNA samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to obtain a K1 gene fragment. We studied 1020 persons; 91% were Bantus and 9% Pygmies. HHV-8 seroprevalence was 48.3% and 36.5% at the 1:40 and 1:160 dilution thresholds, respectively, although the seroprevalence of HHV-8 is probably higher in Gabon. These seroprevalences did not differ by sex, age, ethnicity or province. The detection rate of HHV-8 K1 sequence was 2.6% by PCR. Most of the 31 HHV-8 strains belonged to the B genotype (24), while the remaining clustered within the A5 subgroup (6) and one belonged to the F genotype. Additionally, we reviewed the K1 molecular diversity of published HHV-8 strains in Africa. This study demonstrated a high seroprevalence of HHV-8 in rural adult populations in Gabon and the presence of genetically diverse strains with B, A and also F genotypes.
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10
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Al Sharif S, Pinto DO, Mensah GA, Dehbandi F, Khatkar P, Kim Y, Branscome H, Kashanchi F. Extracellular Vesicles in HTLV-1 Communication: The Story of an Invisible Messenger. Viruses 2020; 12:E1422. [PMID: 33322043 PMCID: PMC7763366 DOI: 10.3390/v12121422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infects 5-10 million people worldwide and is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) as well as other inflammatory diseases. A major concern is that the most majority of individuals with HTLV-1 are asymptomatic carriers and that there is limited global attention by health care officials, setting up potential conditions for increased viral spread. HTLV-1 transmission occurs primarily through sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, intravenous drug usage, and breast feeding. Currently, there is no cure for HTLV-1 infection and only limited treatment options exist, such as class I interferons (IFN) and Zidovudine (AZT), with poor prognosis. Recently, small membrane-bound structures, known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), have received increased attention due to their potential to carry viral cargo (RNA and proteins) in multiple pathogenic infections (i.e., human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1), Zika virus, and HTLV-1). In the case of HTLV-1, EVs isolated from the peripheral blood and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) of HAM/TSP patients contained the viral transactivator protein Tax. Additionally, EVs derived from HTLV-1-infected cells (HTLV-1 EVs) promote functional effects such as cell aggregation which enhance viral spread. In this review, we present current knowledge surrounding EVs and their potential role as immune-modulating agents in cancer and other infectious diseases such as HTLV-1 and HIV-1. We discuss various features of EVs that make them prime targets for possible vehicles of future diagnostics and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fatah Kashanchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (S.A.S.); (D.O.P.); (G.A.M.); (F.D.); (P.K.); (Y.K.); (H.B.)
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11
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Pereira LMS, da Silva Madureira MW, de Castro RBH, Abreu IN, da Silva Conde SRS, Demachki S, de Sousa MS, Queiroz MAF, Rangel da Silva ANM, Lima SS, de Oliveira Guimarães Ishak M, Ishak R, Vallinoto ACR. Sex and FOXP3 gene rs2232365 polymorphism may be associated with the clinical and pathological aspects of chronic viral diseases. BMC Immunol 2020; 21:60. [PMID: 33213373 PMCID: PMC7678194 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-020-00387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) transcription factor is one of the main markers of immunological suppression in different pathological profiles, and the presence of polymorphic variants may alter the gene expression of this factor. Despite descriptions of an association between the presence of the rs2232365 polymorphism and chronic diseases, the role of the sex variant in this context has not yet been elucidated, as the FOXP3 gene is located on the human sex chromosome X. Results To contribute to this topic, 323 women and 373 men were enrolled in the study, of which 101 were diagnosed with chronic viral liver diseases (39 women and 62 men), 67 with HTLV-1 infection (44 women and 23 men), 230 with coronary artery disease (91 women and 139 men) and 298 healthy and uninfected blood donors (149 women and men). They were genotyped for the rs2232365 polymorphism. The rs2232365 polymorphism was associated with clinical and pathological aspects and biomarkers of viral infections only in men, with functional differences between different infections. Conclusions A relationship is suggested between sex and FOXP3 rs2232365 polymorphism, resulting in different biological repercussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonn Mendes Soares Pereira
- Virology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Max Willy da Silva Madureira
- Virology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Renata Bezerra Hermes de Castro
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center Foundation of the State of Pará (Fundação Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Estado do Pará), Belém, Brazil
| | - Isabella Nogueira Abreu
- Virology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Sâmia Demachki
- Medical School, Biological Sciences Institute, UFPA, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz
- Virology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Andrea Nazaré M Rangel da Silva
- Virology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Sandra Souza Lima
- Virology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Ishak
- Virology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto
- Virology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA), Belém, Brazil.
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12
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Ramassamy JL, Cassar O, Toumbiri M, Diané A, Idam Mamimandjiami A, Bengone C, Ntsame-Ndong JM, Mouinga-Ondémé A, Gessain A. High prevalence of human T-cell leukemia virus type-1b genotype among blood donors in Gabon, Central Africa. Transfusion 2020; 60:1483-1491. [PMID: 32415686 PMCID: PMC7496943 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The African continent is considered to be the largest endemic area of HTLV‐1 infection, with at least several million infected individuals. Systematic screening of blood donors can prevent the transmission of HTLV‐1 in blood. Gabon is one of the countries with the highest prevalence of HTLV‐1 worldwide, and yet the routine testing of blood donors has still not been introduced. METHODS All blood donations collected between April and July 2017 at the Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine of Gabon were studied. Plasma samples were screened by ELISA for the presence of HTLV‐1/2 antibodies. Western blot (WB) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were used for confirmation. RESULTS In total, 3123 blood donors were tested, including 1740 repeat and 1378 first‐time blood donors (FTBDs). Of them, 132 samples tested positive for HTLV‐1/2 by ELISA (4.2%). WB and PCR confirmed HTLV‐1 infection for 23 individuals. The overall prevalence of HTLV‐1 was 0.74% [95% CI 0.47%‐1.10%], 1% in FTBD, and 0.5% in repeat donors. Age and sex‐adjusted prevalence was five‐fold lower in FTBD than in the general adult population of rural areas of Gabon. All detected HTLV‐1 strains belonged to the central African HTLV‐1b genotype but were highly diverse. CONCLUSION We report an overall prevalence of HTLV‐1 of 0.74%, one of the highest values reported for blood donors in Africa. Given the high risk of HTLV‐1 transmission in blood, it is necessary to conduct cost‐effectiveness studies to determine the need and feasibility of implementing screening of HTLV‐1 in blood donors in Gabon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill-Léa Ramassamy
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, UMR 3569, CNRS, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Cassar
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, UMR 3569, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Manoushka Toumbiri
- Unité des infections rétrovirales et pathologies associées, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Abdoulaye Diané
- Unité des infections rétrovirales et pathologies associées, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Antony Idam Mamimandjiami
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, UMR 3569, CNRS, Paris, France.,Unité des infections rétrovirales et pathologies associées, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon.,Ecole Doctorale Régionale d'Afrique Centrale, Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Calixte Bengone
- Centre National de Transfusion sanguine (CNTS), Libreville, Gabon
| | | | - Augustin Mouinga-Ondémé
- Unité des infections rétrovirales et pathologies associées, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Antoine Gessain
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, UMR 3569, CNRS, Paris, France
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13
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Cardona-Arias JA, Vélez-Quintero C, Calle-González OV, Florez-Duque J, Zapata JC. Seroprevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus HTLV and its associated factors in donors of a blood bank of Medellín-Colombia, 2014-2018. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221060. [PMID: 31404110 PMCID: PMC6690513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on HTLV in Colombia is limited; despite being an endemic country there are few studies on the magnitude of this infection. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of HTLV I/II and its associated factors in donors to a blood bank of Medellín Colombia, 2014-2018. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of 52,159 donors with a secondary information source. Seroprevalence of HTLV I/II was determined with its confidence interval and the population characteristics were described by frequency and summary measures. To explore the associated factors, Pearson's Chi square test, Mann-Whitney U test, crude odds ratios were used and they were adjusted by logistic regression in SPSS 25.0. RESULTS 88% of the population lived in the metropolitan area, 68.5% belonged to the University. 76.2% were altruistic donors (unpaid donors who did not donate to a specific patient). 24.5% were repetitive (paid) donors. 75% of the donors were under 41 years old. The seroprevalence of HTLV I/II was 0.176% (95% CI = 0.139% -0.213%), being statistically lower in repetitive donors and men. CONCLUSION The seroprevalence of HTLV I/II infection in the studied blood bank is lower than that reported in other blood banks at the departmental and national levels. In Medellín, it was associated with the frequency of donation and gender, which is useful information for the hemovigilance programs of the city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaiberth Antonio Cardona-Arias
- School of Microbiology, University of Antioquia Faculty of Medicine, University Cooperative of Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Juan Carlos Zapata
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Brechot C, Bryant J, Endtz H, Garry RF, Griffin DE, Lewin SR, Mercer N, Osterhaus A, Picot V, Vahlne A, Verjans GMGM, Weaver S. 2018 international meeting of the Global Virus Network. Antiviral Res 2019; 163:140-148. [PMID: 30690044 PMCID: PMC7127431 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Global Virus Network (GVN) was established in 2011 to strengthen research and responses to emerging viral causes of human disease and to prepare against new viral pandemics. There are now 45 GVN Centers of Excellence and 7 Affiliate laboratories in 29 countries. The 10th International GVN meeting was held from November 28–30, 2018 in Veyrier du Lac, France and was co-hosted by the two GVN Centers of Excellence, the Mérieux Foundation and the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover (TiHo). The theme of this 10th International GVN meeting was “Eradication and control of (re-) emerging viruses”. This report highlights the recent accomplishments of GVN researchers in several important areas of medical virology, including strategies for the eradication of smallpox, measles, polio, SARS and vector-borne or zoonotic infections, emergence and intervention strategies for retroviruses and arboviruses, preparedness for outbreaks of Filo- and other hemophilic viruses, pathogenesis, impact and prevention of respiratory viruses, as well as, viruses affecting the central and peripheral nervous system. Also threats in crisis settings like refugee camps were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hubert Endtz
- Mérieux Foundation and the Erasmus University in Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Diane E Griffin
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sharon R Lewin
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health and Monash University, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Anders Vahlne
- The Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Georges M G M Verjans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; TiHo-RIZ, Hannover, Germany
| | - Scott Weaver
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, USA
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