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Chandra V, Gaidhane A, Choudhari SG. Public Health Strategies in the Face of Crisis: A Comprehensive Review of the Zika Outbreak in India. Cureus 2024; 16:e58621. [PMID: 38770475 PMCID: PMC11103263 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the public health strategies employed during the Zika outbreak in India, focusing on the identification, surveillance, and containment efforts. The multifaceted approach, including vector control measures, healthcare infrastructure enhancement, and public communication strategies, played a pivotal role in mitigating the impact of the virus. Government policies and international collaborations emerged as influential factors, underscoring the significance of a coordinated response to infectious disease crises. The study emphasizes the importance of ongoing vigilance and preparedness in public health systems, acknowledging the dynamic nature of emerging infectious diseases. The Zika outbreak in India serves as a valuable case study, offering insights into the strengths and weaknesses of crisis management responses. As the global community faces ongoing health challenges, the lessons learned from this review contribute to refining strategies, improving coordination, and fostering a proactive and resilient approach to safeguarding public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Chandra
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Abhay Gaidhane
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sonali G Choudhari
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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2
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Meepagala KM, Estep AS. Larvicidal constituents from Poncirus trifoliata root extracts. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 60:1016-1021. [PMID: 37409987 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
In the search for effective and environmentally friendly mosquito control agents, we have examined natural sources, such as microbes and plants, and the synthetic analogs of natural products. These plants and microbes have evolved in their ecological niches to produce defensive compounds against other competing organisms in their surroundings such as microbes, plants, and insects as a means to enhance their survival. Thus, some of these plants and microbes have bioactive compounds with insecticidal, fungicidal, and phytotoxic activities. In our previous research, we successfully isolated bioactive constituents from natural sources. We have carried out synthetic modifications and total synthesis of marginally active isolated compounds to achieve significantly higher active compounds. We have focused on plants in the Rutaceae family as the members of this family are known to possess bioactive compounds with algicidal, antifungal, insecticidal, and fungicidal activities. In this article, we report the isolation and structure elucidation of mosquito larvicidal constituents from Poncirus trifoliata (Rutaceae) root extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumudini M Meepagala
- USDA-ARS, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, PO Box 1848, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Alden S Estep
- USDA-ARS, Mosquito and Fly Research Unit, 1600 S.W. 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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Zeng Q, Yu X, Ni H, Xiao L, Xu T, Wu H, Chen Y, Deng H, Zhang Y, Pei S, Xiao J, Guo P. Dengue transmission dynamics prediction by combining metapopulation networks and Kalman filter algorithm. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011418. [PMID: 37285385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Predicting the specific magnitude and the temporal peak of the epidemic of individual local outbreaks is critical for infectious disease control. Previous studies have indicated that significant differences in spatial transmission and epidemic magnitude of dengue were influenced by multiple factors, such as mosquito population density, climatic conditions, and population movement patterns. However, there is a lack of studies that combine the above factors to explain their complex nonlinear relationships in dengue transmission and generate accurate predictions. Therefore, to study the complex spatial diffusion of dengue, this research combined the above factors and developed a network model for spatiotemporal transmission prediction of dengue fever using metapopulation networks based on human mobility. For improving the prediction accuracy of the epidemic model, the ensemble adjusted Kalman filter (EAKF), a data assimilation algorithm, was used to iteratively assimilate the observed case data and adjust the model and parameters. Our study demonstrated that the metapopulation network-EAKF system provided accurate predictions for city-level dengue transmission trajectories in retrospective forecasts of 12 cities in Guangdong province, China. Specifically, the system accurately predicts local dengue outbreak magnitude and the temporal peak of the epidemic up to 10 wk in advance. In addition, the system predicted the peak time, peak intensity, and total number of dengue cases more accurately than isolated city-specific forecasts. The general metapopulation assimilation framework presented in our study provides a methodological foundation for establishing an accurate system with finer temporal and spatial resolution for retrospectively forecasting the magnitude and temporal peak of dengue fever outbreaks. These forecasts based on the proposed method can be interoperated to better support intervention decisions and inform the public of potential risks of disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Zeng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaolin Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Haobo Ni
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Lina Xiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Haisheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yuliang Chen
- Department of Medical Quality Management, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Institute of Vector Control, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingtao Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sen Pei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pi Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou, China
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Brohan MA, Dom NC, Ishak AR, Abdullah S, Salim H, Ismail SNS, Precha N. An analysis on the effect of coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic movement control order (MCOS) on the solid waste generation in Peninsular Malaysia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:66501-66509. [PMID: 34665420 PMCID: PMC8524402 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study intends to deal with the environmental consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia, by providing a summary of the effects of COVID-19 on municipal solid waste (MSW). In this analysis, the data on domestic waste collection were collected from the Solid Waste Management and Public Cleaning Corporation (SWCorp) from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020 to evaluate the relative changes in MSW percentage via a waste weighing method. The data consisted of the cumulative tonnage of MSW for every local authority in Peninsular Malaysia and was classified according to MCO phases; before the MCO, during the MCO, during the conditional MCO (CMCO) and during the recovery MCO (RMCO) phases. The results indicated that the enforcement of the early MCO showed a positive effect by decreasing the volume of MSW. This decrease was noted across 41 local authorities, which accounts for 87.23% of Peninsular Malaysia. However, the amount of MSW began to increase again when the MCO reached the conditional and recovery stages. From this, it can be concluded that the implementation of the MCO, in its various incarnations, has shown us that our lifestyles can have a harmful impact on our environment. While the pandemic was still spreading and limitations were still in place in Malaysia, local governments and waste management companies had to quickly alter their waste management systems and procedures. The current circumstance allows us to rethink our social and economic structures while improving environmental and social inclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Afiq Brohan
- Centre of Environmental Health and Safety Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), UITM Cawangan Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nazri Che Dom
- Centre of Environmental Health and Safety Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), UITM Cawangan Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Integrated Mosquito Research Group (I-MeRGe), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), UITM Cawangan Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Razali Ishak
- Centre of Environmental Health and Safety Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), UITM Cawangan Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Samsuri Abdullah
- Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hasber Salim
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Norkhadijah Syed Ismail
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nopadol Precha
- Department of Environmental Health and Technology, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
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Jiao J, Suarez GP, Fefferman NH. How public reaction to disease information across scales and the impacts of vector control methods influence disease prevalence and control efficacy. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008762. [PMID: 34181645 PMCID: PMC8270472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of social media, the information about vector-borne disease incidence over broad spatial scales can cause demand for local vector control before local risk exists. Anticipatory intervention may still benefit local disease control efforts; however, infection risks are not the only focal concerns governing public demand for vector control. Concern for environmental contamination from pesticides and economic limitations on the frequency and magnitude of control measures also play key roles. Further, public concern may be focused more on ecological factors (i.e., controlling mosquito populations) or on epidemiological factors (i.e., controlling infection-carrying mosquitoes), which may lead to very different control outcomes. Here we introduced a generic Ross-MacDonald model, incorporating these factors under three spatial scales of disease information: local, regional, and global. We tailored and parameterized the model for Zika virus transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito. We found that sensitive reactivity caused by larger-scale incidence information could decrease average human infections per patch breeding capacity, however, the associated increase in total control effort plays a larger role, which leads to an overall decrease in control efficacy. The shift of focal concerns from epidemiological to ecological risk could relax the negative effect of the sensitive reactivity on control efficacy when mosquito breeding capacity populations are expected to be large. This work demonstrates that, depending on expected total mosquito breeding capacity population size, and weights of different focal concerns, large-scale disease information can reduce disease infections without lowering control efficacy. Our findings provide guidance for vector-control strategies by considering public reaction through social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiao
- National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Gonzalo P. Suarez
- Department of Agriculture and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Nina H. Fefferman
- National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
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Rahim MH, Dom NC, Ismail SNS, Mulud ZA, Abdullah S, Pradhan B. The impact of novel coronavirus (2019- nCoV) pandemic movement control order (MCO) on dengue cases in Peninsular Malaysia. One Health 2021; 12:100222. [PMID: 33553566 PMCID: PMC7845513 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study has highlighted the trend of recently-reported dengue cases after the implementation of the Movement Control Orders (MCOs) caused due to COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. The researchers used the dengue surveillance data published by the Malaysian Ministry of Health during the 3 phases of MCO (which ranged between 17th March 2020 and 28th April 2020) was used for determining the cumulative number of dengue patients. Thereafter, the dengue cases were mapped using the Geographical Information System (GIS). The results indicated that during the 42 days of MCO in Peninsular Malaysia, 11,242 total cases of dengue were reported. The daily trend of the dengue cases showed a decrease from 7268 cases that occurred before the MCOs to 4662 dengue cases that occurred during the initial 14 days of the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., MCO I), to 3075 cases occurring during the MCO II and 3505 dengue cases noted during MCO III. The central peninsular region showed a maximal decrease in new dengue cases (52.62%), followed by the northern peninsular region (1.89%); eastern coastal region (1.25%) and the southern peninsular region (1.14%) during the initial MCO implementation. However, an increase in the new dengue cases was noted during the MCO III period, wherein all states showed an increase in the new dengue cases as compared during MCO II. The decrease in the pattern was not solely based on the MCO, hence, further investigation is necessary after considering different influencing factors. These results have important implication for future large-scale risk assessment, planning and hazard mitigation on dengue management. Dengue has been described as a “silent killer” amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. The MCOs implemented by the Malaysian government to break the COVID-19 infection chain have positively affected the onset of new dengue cases. The highest reduction of new dengue cases were reported in the central peninsular region (52.62%), followed by the northern peninsular region (1.89%), eastern coastal region (1.25%) and the southern peninsular region (1.14%). New dengue cases increased during the MCO3 period, with the increase of reported dengue cases in all states in Peninsular Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Hafiz Rahim
- Centre of Environmental Health & Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, UITM Cawangan Selangor, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nazri Che Dom
- Centre of Environmental Health & Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, UITM Cawangan Selangor, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.,Integrated Mosquito Research Group (I-MeRGe), UITM Cawangan Selangor, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Norkhadijah Syed Ismail
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zamzaliza Abd Mulud
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Nursing Studies, UITM Cawangan Selangor, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Samsuri Abdullah
- Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Biswajeet Pradhan
- The Centre for Advanced Modelling and Geospatial Information System (CAMGIS), Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, NSW, Australia.,Department of Energy and Mineral Sources Engineering, Sejong University, Choongmu-gwan, 209, Neungdong-ro, Gwangin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea.,Center of Excellence for Climate Change Research, King Abdul Aziz University, P.O.Box 80234, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Lemanski NJ, Schwab SR, Fonseca DM, Fefferman NH. Coordination among neighbors improves the efficacy of Zika control despite economic costs. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0007870. [PMID: 32569323 PMCID: PMC7332071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging mosquito-borne viruses like Zika, dengue, and chikungunya pose a major threat to public health, especially in low-income regions of Central and South America, southeast Asia, and the Caribbean. Outbreaks of these diseases are likely to have long-term social and economic consequences due to Zika-induced congenital microcephaly and other complications. Larval control of the container-inhabiting mosquitoes that transmit these infections is an important tool for mitigating outbreaks. However, metapopulation theory suggests that spatiotemporally uneven larvicide treatment can impede control effectiveness, as recolonization compensates for mortality within patches. Coordinating the timing of treatment among patches could therefore substantially improve epidemic control, but we must also consider economic constraints, since coordination may have costs that divert resources from treatment. To inform practical disease management strategies, we ask how coordination among neighbors in the timing of mosquito control efforts influences the size of a mosquito-borne infectious disease outbreak under the realistic assumption that coordination has costs. Using an SIR (Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered)/metapopulation model of mosquito and disease dynamics, we examine whether sharing surveillance information and coordinating larvicide treatment among neighboring patches reduces human infections when incorporating coordination costs. We examine how different types of coordination costs and different surveillance methods jointly influence the effectiveness of larval control. We find that the effect of coordination depends on both costs and the type of surveillance used to inform treatment. With epidemiological surveillance, coordination improves disease outcomes, even when costly. With demographic surveillance, coordination either improves or hampers disease control, depending on the type of costs and surveillance sensitivity. Our results suggest coordination among neighbors can improve management of mosquito-borne epidemics under many, but not all, assumptions about costs. Therefore, estimating coordination costs is an important step for most effectively applying metapopulation theory to strategies for managing outbreaks of mosquito-borne viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J. Lemanski
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Samantha R. Schwab
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Dina M. Fonseca
- Center for Vector Biology, Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Nina H. Fefferman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
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