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Perko A, Trapp O, Maul E, Röckel F, Piltaver A, Vršič S. Monitoring and Genotyping of Wild Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris) in Slovenia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1234. [PMID: 38732448 PMCID: PMC11085864 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris (sylvestris) is the only native wild grapevine in Eurasia (Europe and western Asia) and is the existing ancestor of the grapevine varieties (for wine and table grape production) belonging to the subsp. sativa. In Slovenia, the prevailing opinion has been that there are no Slovenian sylvestris habitats. This study describes sylvestris in Slovenia for the first time and aims to present an overview of the locations of the wild grapevine in the country. In this project, a sample set of 89 accessions were examined using 24 SSR and 2 SSR markers plus APT3 markers to determine flower sex. The accessions were found in forests on the left bank of the Sava River in Slovenia, on the border between alluvial soils and limestone and dolomite soils, five different sites, some of which are described for the first time. The proportion of female to male accessions differed between sites. At two sites, female plants dominated; at others, the ratio was balanced. The plants' genetic diversity and structure were compared with autochthonous and unique varieties of subsp. sativa from old vineyards in Slovenia and with rootstocks escaped from nature from abandoned vineyards. Sylvestris was clearly distinguishable from vinifera and the rootstocks. Based on genetic analyses, it was confirmed that Slovenian sylvestris is closest to the Balkan and German sylvestris groups. Meanwhile, a safety duplication of the wild grapevine accessions has been established at the University Centre of Viticulture and Enology Meranovo, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences at the University of Maribor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Perko
- University Centre of Viticulture and Enology Meranovo, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia;
| | - Oliver Trapp
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)-Federal Research Centre of Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany; (O.T.); (F.R.)
| | - Erika Maul
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)-Federal Research Centre of Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany; (O.T.); (F.R.)
| | - Franco Röckel
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)-Federal Research Centre of Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany; (O.T.); (F.R.)
| | - Andrej Piltaver
- Institute for the Systematics of Higher Fungi, Velika vas 17, 1262 Dol pri Ljubljani, Slovenia;
| | - Stanko Vršič
- University Centre of Viticulture and Enology Meranovo, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia;
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Back to the Origins: Background and Perspectives of Grapevine Domestication. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094518. [PMID: 33926017 PMCID: PMC8123694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Domestication is a process of selection driven by humans, transforming wild progenitors into domesticated crops. The grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), besides being one of the most extensively cultivated fruit trees in the world, is also a fascinating subject for evolutionary studies. The domestication process started in the Near East and the varieties obtained were successively spread and cultivated in different areas. Whether the domestication occurred only once, or whether successive domestication events occurred independently, is a highly debated mystery. Moreover, introgression events, breeding and intense trade in the Mediterranean basin have followed, in the last thousands of years, obfuscating the genetic relationships. Although a succession of studies has been carried out to explore grapevine origin and different evolution models are proposed, an overview of the topic remains pending. We review here the findings obtained in the main phylogenetic and genomic studies proposed in the last two decades, to clarify the fundamental questions regarding where, when and how many times grapevine domestication took place. Finally, we argue that the realization of the pan-genome of grapes could be a useful resource to discover and track the changes which have occurred in the genomes and to improve our understanding about the domestication.
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Population genetic analysis in old Montenegrin vineyards reveals ancient ways currently active to generate diversity in Vitis vinifera. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15000. [PMID: 32929127 PMCID: PMC7490262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71918-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Global viticulture has evolved following market trends, causing loss of cultivar diversity and traditional practices. In Montenegro, modern viticulture co-exists with a traditional viticulture that still maintains ancient practices and exploits local cultivars. As a result, this region provides a unique opportunity to explore processes increasing genetic diversity. To evaluate the diversity of Montenegrin grapevines and the processes involved in their diversification, we collected and analyzed 419 samples in situ across the country (cultivated plants from old orchards and vines growing in the wild), and 57 local varieties preserved in a grapevine collection. We obtained 144 different genetic profiles, more than 100 corresponding to cultivated grapevines, representing a surprising diversity for one of the smallest European countries. Part of this high diversity reflects historical records indicating multiple and intense introduction events from diverse viticultural regions at different times. Another important gene pool includes many autochthonous varieties, some on the edge of extinction, linked in a complex parentage network where two varieties (Razaklija and Kratošija) played a leading role on the generation of indigenous varieties. Finally, analyses of genetic structure unveiled several putative proto-varieties, likely representing the first steps involved in the generation of new cultivars or even secondary domestication events.
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Grassi F, Arroyo-Garcia R. Editorial: Origins and Domestication of the Grape. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1176. [PMID: 32903797 PMCID: PMC7438903 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Arroyo-Garcia
- CBGP-INIA (Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics-National Institute of Agricultural and Food Research and Technology), Madrid, Spain
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Arnold C, Schnitzler A. Ecology and Genetics of Natural Populations of North American Vitis Species Used as Rootstocks in European Grapevine Breeding Programs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:866. [PMID: 32636866 PMCID: PMC7319040 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Three North American Vitis species (V. riparia, V. berlandieri, V. rupestris) became widely used in rootstock breeding programs following the expansion of North American pests and diseases introduced in vineyards of the world during the 19th century. When they escape, they become feral in the most dynamic parts of Mediterranean floodplains. To better understand this ongoing process, we studied the ecology of Vitis species in their native sympatric range. We analyzed in deep 61 plots of 710 m2 containing Vitaceae species along 216 km of the Buffalo River and adjacent plateaus (Arkansas, United States). We investigated the populations structure and genetics of the Vitis complex (i.e., possible hybrids and the Vitis species) and the sharing of habitats with other Vitaceae (Muscadinia rotundifolia and Parthenocissus quinquefolia). Vitaceae share space according to their life strategies and microhabitat along ecological gradients. The plateau niche seems optimal for V. berlandieri and V. aestivalis. V. berlandieri is also found in alluvial zones. The most erosive parts of the river are colonized by V. rupestris, whereas the first terraces include most of the M. rotundifolia populations. Vitis riparia and Parthenocissus live in the largest range of forest habitats, from plateaus to alluvial forests, and from the forest floor to the canopy, with the highest densities along the river. Interestingly, natural hybridization can occur, but establishment success is rare and limited to alluvial forests. In their native range, these populations are controlled by biotic and abiotic conditions. In Europe, the biotic relations among species are different. Our study shows that V. riparia and its hybrids could be the best candidates for a large scale invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Arnold
- Unicentre, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Zecca G, Labra M, Grassi F. Untangling the Evolution of American Wild Grapes: Admixed Species and How to Find Them. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1814. [PMID: 32117355 PMCID: PMC7025467 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Natural hybridization and introgression are central evolutionary processes in grape genus (Vitis). On the other hand, the interspecific relationships among grapes, the directionality of the inferred admixture events and the parents of hybrids are not yet completely clarified. The grapes are economically important crops characterized by tendrils used to climb on the trees and the fruits harvested by humans especially for the consumption or to produce wines and liquors. The American grapes (ca. 30 species) are recognized as an important resource because they show biotic and abiotic resistances. We analyzed 3,885 genome-wide SNPs from 31 American Vitis species using the TreeMix software combined with the f3 and f4 tests. This approach allowed us to infer phylogenetic relationships and to explore the natural admixture among taxa. Our results confirmed the existence of all hybrid species recognized in literature (V. x champinii, V. x doaniana, V. x novae-angliae, and V. x slavinii), identifying their most likely parent species and provided evidence of additional gene flows between distantly related species. We discuss our results to elucidate the origin of American wild grapes, demonstrating that admixture events have ancient origins. We observe that gene flows have involved taxa currently spread through the southern regions of North America. Consequently, we propose that glacial cycles could have triggered the contact between interfertile taxa promoting local hybridization events. We conclude by discussing the phylogenetic implications of our findings and showing that TreeMix can provide novel insights into the evolutionary history of grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Zecca
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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Margaryan K, Maul E, Muradyan Z, Hovhannisyan A, Melyan G, Aroutiounian R. Evaluation of breeding potential of wild grape originating from Armenia. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20191501006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop wild relatives provide a useful source of genetic variation and represent a large pool of genetic diversity for new allelic variation required in breeding programs. Armenia is an important center of origin both for cultivated Vitis vinifera ssp. sativa and wild Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris. Owing to recent prospection in Armenian woods and river floodplains many forms of wild grapevine were discovered and inventoried, which is an important prerequisite to unlock their breeding potential in the future. The fact that some genotypes of V. sylvestris can withstand the diseases is likely to be due to a more efficient basal immunity. The overall goal of the proposed research was to characterize the diversity of V. sylvestris from Armenia with respect to its capacity for stilbene biosynthesis, which might be exploited as genetic resource for resistance breeding. The realized research stimulates the recovery, characterization and preservation of wild grape germplasm, presently at risk of extinction. The recovery and characterization of wild genotypes will be the base of selection of genetic traits important in breeding programs for the generation of biotic and changing climate tolerant grapevine varieties and rootstocks, both necessary for the future of viticulture in Armenia and in Europe.
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De Michele R, La Bella F, Gristina AS, Fontana I, Pacifico D, Garfi G, Motisi A, Crucitti D, Abbate L, Carimi F. Phylogenetic Relationship Among Wild and Cultivated Grapevine in Sicily: A Hotspot in the Middle of the Mediterranean Basin. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1506. [PMID: 31850016 PMCID: PMC6888813 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera ssp. sativa) is a perennial crop especially important for wine and fruit production. The species is highly polymorphic with thousands of different varieties selected by farmers and clonally propagated. However, it is still debated whether grapevine domestication from its wild ancestor (V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris) has been a single event or rather it occurred on multiple occasions during the diffusion of its cultivation across the Mediterranean. Located in the center of the Basin, Sicily is its largest island and has served as a hotspot for all civilizations that have crossed the Mediterranean throughout history. Hundreds of unique grapevine cultivars are still cultivated in Sicily and its surrounding minor islands, though most of them are menaced by extinction. Wild grapevine is also present with isolated populations thriving along riverbanks. With the aim to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships among Sicilian varieties, and to assess the possible contribution of indigenous wild populations to the genetic makeup of cultivated grapevine, we analyzed 170 domestic cultivars and 125 wild plants, collected from 10 different populations, with 23 SSR markers. We also compared our data with published dataset from Eurasia. Results show that Sicilian wild populations are related to the cultivated Sicilian and Italian germplasm, suggesting events of introgression and/or domestication of local varieties.
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Lang CP, Merkt N, Zörb C. Different nitrogen (N) forms affect responses to N form and N supply of rootstocks and grafted grapevines. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 277:311-321. [PMID: 30466596 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rootstocks play an important role in the cultivation of grapevines. In addition to the uptake and storage of nutrients, rootstocks and their root system affect the growth and metabolite composition of the berries. Nitrogen can be taken up in various forms, such as nitrate, ammonium or amino acids or even small peptides, and is of considerable importance in vigor control and in yield and berry quality. Amino acids in the must adjust fermentation kinetics, constitute a major source for yeast and affect vine metabolism. In the present study, two different experiments were undertaken; nitrate, ammonium, urea, arginine and glutamine at various doses (0; 0.5; 1.0; 3.0 g N/plant) were used to fertilize (i) two hydroponically grown rootstock varieties (Ru140 and SO4) and (ii) grafted grapevines of Vitis vinifera L cv. Regent (rootstock SO4) grown in pots. Accumulation capabilities, generative growth and berry quality were examined. It can be assed that the preferred N form is rootstock-variety-dependent. We demonstrated that grapevines were able to take up nitrogen in the form of amino acids; (arginine to a greater extent than glutamine). Although, growth was reduced, nitrogen content and nitrate reductase activity were comparable for nitrate, ammonium and urea nutrition. In terms of berry quality, only minor differences between the N forms applied were identified. An economic optimum in terms of vine and berry quality was detected. Excessive amounts of nitrogen seemed to lead to the increased growth of green plant tissue. Berry yield increased with increasing nitrogen supply but slightly decreased at the highest dosage, whereas quality parameters such as must pH increased and the total acid concentration was reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina P Lang
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Crop Science, Quality of Plant Products 340e, Emill-Wolff-Str. 25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Merkt
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Crop Science, Quality of Plant Products 340e, Emill-Wolff-Str. 25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Zörb
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Crop Science, Quality of Plant Products 340e, Emill-Wolff-Str. 25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Arnold C, Bachmann O, Schnitzler A. Insights into the Vitis complex in the Danube floodplain (Austria). Ecol Evol 2017; 7:7796-7806. [PMID: 29043035 PMCID: PMC5632635 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
European grapevine populations quickly disappeared from most of their range, massively killed by the spread of North American grapevine pests and diseases. Nowadays taxonomic pollution represents a new threat. A large Vitis complex involves escaped cultivars, rootstocks, and wild grapevines. The study aimed to provide insight into the Vitis complex in the Danube region through field and genetic analyses. Among the five other major rivers in Europe which still host wild grapevine populations, the Danube floodplain is the only one benefiting from an extensive protected forest area (93 km²) and an relatively active dynamic flood pulse. The Donau‐Auen National Park also regroups the largest wild grapevine population in Europe. Ninety‐two percent of the individuals collected in the park were true wild grapevines, and 8% were hybrids and introgressed individuals of rootstocks, wild grapevines, and cultivars. These three groups are interfertile acting either as pollen donor or receiver. Hybrids were established within and outside the dykes, mostly in anthropized forest edges. The best‐developed individuals imply rootstock genes. They establish in the most erosive parts of the floodplain. 42% of the true wild grapevines lived at the edges of forest/meadow, 33.3% at the edges forest/channels, and 23.9% in forest gaps. DBH (Diameter Breast Height) varied significantly with the occurrence of flooding. Clones were found in both true wild and hybrids/introgressed grapevines. The process of cloning seemed to be prevented in places where flooding dynamics is reduced. The current global distribution of true wild grapevines shows a strong tendency toward clustering, in sites where forestry practices were the most extensive. However, the reduced flooding activity is a danger for long‐term sustainability of the natural wild grapevine population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Arnold
- Unicentre, University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Olivier Bachmann
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Botany University of Neuchâtel Neuchâtel Switzerland.,Laboratory of Plant Ecology University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Annik Schnitzler
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux LIEC - UMR 7360 CNRS University of Lorraine Metz France
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Cantos M, Arroyo-García R, García JL, Lara M, Morales R, López MÁ, Gallardo A, Ocete CA, Rodríguez Á, Valle JM, Vaca R, González-Maestro M, Bánáti H, Ocete R. Current distribution and characterization of the wild grapevine populations in Andalusia (Spain). C R Biol 2017; 340:164-177. [PMID: 28256414 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
For decades, human activities have gradually destroyed the natural habitats of wild grapevine, Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi, and nowadays this species is endangered in southern Europe. In this paper, 94 populations of this species have been localized and characterized in the Andalusian region in the Iberian Peninsula between 1989 and 2013. Location, ecological aspects, and sanitary characteristics are described. Must properties and in vitro tolerance to calcareous conditions were also checked. The paper also contains a global description of female and male individuals. Two hundred individuals from six river basin populations have been sampled, and their genetic structure analyzed by using 25 nuclear microsatellites loci to investigate the gene diversity of wild grape populations in Andalusia at two levels: total individuals and at river basin populations. Also, the genetic relationship of wild and cultivated accessions has been tested. Wild grapevine is considered the ancestor of the cultivated varieties and should be preserved as this material could be used to start breeding programs of cultivated varieties and also to restore riverbank forests, which constitute one of the worst preserved ecosystems in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cantos
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (CSIC), avenue Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Rosa Arroyo-García
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, UPM-INIA, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis García
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (CSIC), avenue Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miguel Lara
- IFAPA Rancho de la Merced, Ctra. de Trebujena km. 3.2, 11431 Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ramón Morales
- Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles López
- Laboratorio Entomología Aplicada, Universidad de Sevilla, avenue Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Gallardo
- Laboratorio Entomología Aplicada, Universidad de Sevilla, avenue Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Alvar Ocete
- Laboratorio Entomología Aplicada, Universidad de Sevilla, avenue Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Álvaro Rodríguez
- Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería, Universidad del País Vasco, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - José Manuel Valle
- Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería, Universidad del País Vasco, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Ramón Vaca
- Macià Batle Wineries, 07320 Santa María del Camí, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Magdalena González-Maestro
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (CSIC), avenue Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Hajnalka Bánáti
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Central Environmental and Food Science Research Institute, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rafael Ocete
- Laboratorio Entomología Aplicada, Universidad de Sevilla, avenue Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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Vannozzi A, Donnini S, Vigani G, Corso M, Valle G, Vitulo N, Bonghi C, Zocchi G, Lucchin M. Transcriptional Characterization of a Widely-Used Grapevine Rootstock Genotype under Different Iron-Limited Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 7:1994. [PMID: 28105035 PMCID: PMC5214570 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Iron chlorosis is a serious deficiency that affects orchards and vineyards reducing quality and yield production. Chlorotic plants show abnormal photosynthesis and yellowing shoots. In grapevine iron uptake and homeostasis are most likely controlled by a mechanism known as "Strategy I," characteristic of non-graminaceous plants and based on a system of soil acidification, iron reduction and transporter-mediated uptake. Nowadays, grafting of varieties of economic interest on tolerant rootstocks is widely used practice against many biotic and abiotic stresses. Nevertheless, many interspecific rootstocks, and in particular those obtained by crossing exclusively non-vinifera genotypes, can show limited nutrient uptake and transport, in particular for what concerns iron. In the present study, 101.14, a commonly used rootstock characterized by susceptibility to iron chlorosis was subjected to both Fe-absence and Fe-limiting conditions. Grapevine plantlets were grown in control, Fe-deprived, and bicarbonate-supplemented hydroponic solutions. Whole transcriptome analyses, via mRNA-Seq, were performed on root apices of stressed and unstressed plants. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) confirmed that Strategy I is the mechanism responsible for iron uptake in grapevine, since many orthologs genes to the Arabidopsis "ferrome" were differentially regulated in stressed plant. Molecular differences in the plant responses to Fe absence and presence of bicarbonate were also identified indicating the two treatments are able to induce response-mechanisms only partially overlapping. Finally, we measured the expression of a subset of genes differentially expressed in 101.14 (such as IRT1, FERRITIN1, bHLH38/39) or known to be fundamental in the "strategy I" mechanism (AHA2 and FRO2) also in a tolerant rootstock (M1) finding important differences which could be responsible for the different degrees of tolerance observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Vannozzi
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Università di PadovaLegnaro, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale per la Ricerca in Viticoltura ed EnologiaConegliano, Italy
| | - Silvia Donnini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università di MilanoMilano, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Vigani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università di MilanoMilano, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Corso
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Università di PadovaLegnaro, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale per la Ricerca in Viticoltura ed EnologiaConegliano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Valle
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale per le Biotecnologie InnovativePadova, Italy
| | - Nicola Vitulo
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale per le Biotecnologie InnovativePadova, Italy
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Università di PadovaLegnaro, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale per la Ricerca in Viticoltura ed EnologiaConegliano, Italy
| | - Graziano Zocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università di MilanoMilano, Italy
| | - Margherita Lucchin
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Università di PadovaLegnaro, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale per la Ricerca in Viticoltura ed EnologiaConegliano, Italy
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Rahemi A, Dale A, Fisher H, Taghavi T, Bonnycastle A, Kelly J. A report onVitis ripariain Ontario, Canada. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2016.1136.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Jin Z, Sun H, Sun T, Wang Q, Yao Y. Modifications of 'Gold Finger' Grape Berry Quality as Affected by the Different Rootstocks. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:4189-97. [PMID: 27088562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Berry qualities of the grafted 'Gold Finger' grapevines were determined to evaluate the impacts of the resistant rootstocks on fruit quality. Compared to the own-rooted vines, berry and cluster weights and skin color were altered by the rootstocks to varying extents. The rootstock of 101-14M maintained TSS/TA and the contents of fructose, glucose, and sucrose, and SO4 decreased these parameters. 101-14M and 3309C increased and reduced the resveratrol content, respectively. SO4, 5BB, and 3309C decreased the total free amino acid content, along with the changes in amino acid composition. The amounts of aroma components were widely altered by the rootstocks. Additionally, a digital gene expression tag profiling revealed that the biological processes were largely altered by 3309C and 101-14M, including sugar, amino acid, and aroma metabolisms. In summary, the rootstock of 101-14M generally maintained berry quality, and SO4, 5BB, and 3309C imparted varying influences on different quality parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Hong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Tianyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Qingjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yuxin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
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Scientific Opinion on the risk to plant health posed by Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch) in the EU territory, with the identification and evaluation of risk reduction options. EFSA J 2014. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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16
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De Andrés MT, Benito A, Pérez-Rivera G, Ocete R, Lopez MA, Gaforio L, Muñoz G, Cabello F, Martínez Zapater JM, Arroyo-García R. Genetic diversity of wild grapevine populations in Spain and their genetic relationships with cultivated grapevines. Mol Ecol 2011; 21:800-16. [PMID: 22151598 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05395.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The wild grapevine, Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi, considered as the ancestor of the cultivated grapevine, is native from Eurasia. In Spain, natural populations of V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris can still be found along river banks. In this work, we have performed a wide search of wild grapevine populations in Spain and characterized the amount and distribution of their genetic diversity using 25 nuclear SSR loci. We have also analysed the possible coexistence in the natural habitat of wild grapevines with naturalized grapevine cultivars and rootstocks. In this way, phenotypic and genetic analyses identified 19% of the collected samples as derived from cultivated genotypes, being either naturalized cultivars or hybrid genotypes derived from spontaneous crosses between wild and cultivated grapevines. The genetic diversity of wild grapevine populations was similar than that observed in the cultivated group. The molecular analysis showed that cultivated germplasm and wild germplasm are genetically divergent with low level of introgression. Using a model-based approach implemented in the software structure, we identified four genetic groups, with two of them fundamentally represented among cultivated genotypes and two among wild accessions. The analyses of genetic relationships between wild and cultivated grapevines could suggest a genetic contribution of wild accessions from Spain to current Western cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T De Andrés
- Departamento de Investigación Agroalimentaria, IMIDRA, Finca El Encín, Apto 127, 28800 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Study of Intra-Varietal Genetic Variability in Grapevine Cultivars by PCR-Derived Molecular Markers and Correlations with the Geographic Origins. Mol Biotechnol 2011; 50:72-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-011-9403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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