1
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Edo-Alcón N, Gallardo A, Colomer-Mendoza F, Lobo A. Efficiency of biological and mechanical-biological treatment plants for MSW: The case of Spain. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26353. [PMID: 38404851 PMCID: PMC10884472 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological and mechanical biological treatment plants combine mechanical and biological treatments to recover the greatest possible amount of materials from municipal solid waste (MSW) and biostabilize the organic fraction to be landfilled or applied in land. These plants handle a high percentage of the MSW generated in Europe. This work presents an exhaustive analysis of the existing plants in Spain which evaluates their typology as well as their performance. In Spain, 137 plants, which receive 13 Mt/year of waste, provide the country with total coverage. Twenty-two types of plants have been identified and grouped into six categories. There are four categories that receive mixed MSW: 1) sorting plants; 2) recovery and composting plants; 3) biodrying and recovery plants; and 4) recovery, biomethanation and composting plants and two that receive separately collected biowaste: 5) composting plants, and 6) biomethanation and composting plants. In plants that receive mixed waste, around 5% of the total input is recovered as recyclable materials (662,182 t/year), of which 29% corresponds to plastics, 27% to metals, and 27% to paper and cardboard. In addition, biostabilized material and/or biogas, and rejects (45-77% of the input) are obtained. In the biowaste plants, high-quality compost (more than 105,000 t/year), a higher biogas yield (43.60 Nm3/t·year) and a lower proportion of rejects (around 29%) are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Edo-Alcón
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Construcción, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Vicent Sos Baynat, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - A. Gallardo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Construcción, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Vicent Sos Baynat, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - F.J. Colomer-Mendoza
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Construcción, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Vicent Sos Baynat, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - A. Lobo
- Grupo de Ingeniería Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias y Técnicas del Agua y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain
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2
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Mallada B, Ondráček M, Lamanec M, Gallardo A, Jiménez-Martín A, de la Torre B, Hobza P, Jelínek P. Visualization of π-hole in molecules by means of Kelvin probe force microscopy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4954. [PMID: 37587123 PMCID: PMC10432393 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40593-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Submolecular charge distribution significantly affects the physical-chemical properties of molecules and their mutual interaction. One example is the presence of a π-electron-deficient cavity in halogen-substituted polyaromatic hydrocarbon compounds, the so-called π-holes, the existence of which was predicted theoretically, but the direct experimental observation is still missing. Here we present the resolution of the π-hole on a single molecule using the Kelvin probe force microscopy, which supports the theoretical prediction of its existence. In addition, experimental measurements supported by theoretical calculations show the importance of π-holes in the process of adsorption of molecules on solid-state surfaces. This study expands our understanding of the π-hole systems and, at the same time, opens up possibilities for studying the influence of submolecular charge distribution on the chemical properties of molecules and their mutual interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mallada
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Tr. 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Ondráček
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Lamanec
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Tr. 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Námĕstí 542/2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
- IT4Innovations, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - A Gallardo
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Jiménez-Martín
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - B de la Torre
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - P Hobza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Námĕstí 542/2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic.
- IT4Innovations, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - P Jelínek
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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3
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Gallart-Mateu D, Gallardo A, Garrigues S, de la Guardia M. A green methodology for the determination of cocaine in camouflaged samples. Anal Methods 2023; 15:1969-1978. [PMID: 37051732 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00113j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A methodology based on the ultrasound-assisted extraction with ethanol and the dry film attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DF-ATR-FTIR) measurement of extracts has been developed for a fast evaluation of non-conventional ("exotic") solid-sized cocaine samples. The method provides quantitative results in less than three minutes with a limit of detection in the solid sample of 1.6 μg g-1 of cocaine with a variation coefficient lower than 7%. Results found for seized samples of different natures were compared with those obtained by a reference gas chromatography method and the greenness of the whole proposed procedure was evaluated and compared using the analytical eco-scale, green analytical procedure index (GAPI), and analytical greenness metric (AGREE). The green evaluation of the proposed methodology provided green scores by considering different evaluation criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gallart-Mateu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Jeroni Munoz Building, 50th Dr Moliner St., 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - A Gallardo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Jeroni Munoz Building, 50th Dr Moliner St., 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - S Garrigues
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Jeroni Munoz Building, 50th Dr Moliner St., 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - M de la Guardia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Jeroni Munoz Building, 50th Dr Moliner St., 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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4
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Delgado-Baquerizo M, Hu HW, Maestre FT, Guerra CA, Eisenhauer N, Eldridge DJ, Zhu YG, Chen QL, Trivedi P, Du S, Makhalanyane TP, Verma JP, Gozalo B, Ochoa V, Asensio S, Wang L, Zaady E, Illán JG, Siebe C, Grebenc T, Zhou X, Liu YR, Bamigboye AR, Blanco-Pastor JL, Duran J, Rodríguez A, Mamet S, Alfaro F, Abades S, Teixido AL, Peñaloza-Bojacá GF, Molina-Montenegro MA, Torres-Díaz C, Perez C, Gallardo A, García-Velázquez L, Hayes PE, Neuhauser S, He JZ. The global distribution and environmental drivers of the soil antibiotic resistome. Microbiome 2022; 10:219. [PMID: 36503688 PMCID: PMC9743735 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01405-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the global distribution and environmental drivers of key microbial functional traits such as antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Soils are one of Earth's largest reservoirs of ARGs, which are integral for soil microbial competition, and have potential implications for plant and human health. Yet, their diversity and global patterns remain poorly described. Here, we analyzed 285 ARGs in soils from 1012 sites across all continents and created the first global atlas with the distributions of topsoil ARGs. RESULTS We show that ARGs peaked in high latitude cold and boreal forests. Climatic seasonality and mobile genetic elements, associated with the transmission of antibiotic resistance, were also key drivers of their global distribution. Dominant ARGs were mainly related to multidrug resistance genes and efflux pump machineries. We further pinpointed the global hotspots of the diversity and proportions of soil ARGs. CONCLUSIONS Together, our work provides the foundation for a better understanding of the ecology and global distribution of the environmental soil antibiotic resistome. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico. Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012, Sevilla, Spain.
- Unidad Asociada CSIC-UPO (BioFun), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Hang-Wei Hu
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
| | - Fernando T Maestre
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Carlos A Guerra
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - David J Eldridge
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Lin Chen
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Pankaj Trivedi
- Microbiome Network and Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Shuai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Thulani P Makhalanyane
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Jay Prakash Verma
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Lab., Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
- Soil Microbiology Lab., Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Gozalo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Victoria Ochoa
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Sergio Asensio
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ling Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science/School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
| | - Eli Zaady
- Agricultural Research Organization, Department of Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Gilat Research Center, Mobile Post, 8531100, Negev, Israel
| | - Javier G Illán
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Christina Siebe
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México City D.F., CP, 04510, México
| | - Tine Grebenc
- Department of Forest Physiology and Genetics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Xiaobing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, CAS, Urumqi, China
| | - Yu-Rong Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | | | - José L Blanco-Pastor
- INRAE, UR4 (URP3F), Centre Nouvelle-Aquitaine-Poitiers, Lusignan, France
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Seville, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, ES-41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Jorge Duran
- Misión Biolóxica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 36143, Pontevedra, Spain
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Rodríguez
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Steven Mamet
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Fernando Alfaro
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastian Abades
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alberto L Teixido
- Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa, 2367, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriel F Peñaloza-Bojacá
- Laboratório de Sistemática Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Cristian Torres-Díaz
- Grupo de Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (BCG), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Campus Fernando May, Chillán, Chile
| | - Cecilia Perez
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio Gallardo
- Unidad Asociada CSIC-UPO (BioFun), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura García-Velázquez
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Patrick E Hayes
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Sigrid Neuhauser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ji-Zheng He
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
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5
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García‐Velázquez L, Gallardo A, Ochoa V, Gozalo B, Lázaro R, Maestre FT. Biocrusts increase the resistance to warming-induced increases in topsoil P pools. J Ecol 2022; 110:2074-2087. [PMID: 36250131 PMCID: PMC9541718 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing global warming and alterations in rainfall patterns driven by climate change are known to have large impacts on biogeochemical cycles, particularly on drylands. In addition, the global increase in atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition can destabilize primary productivity in terrestrial ecosystems, and phosphorus (P) may become the most limiting nutrient in many terrestrial ecosystems. However, the impacts of climate change on soil P pools in drylands remain poorly understood. Furthermore, it is unknown whether biocrusts, a major biotic component of drylands worldwide, modulate such impacts.Here we used two long-term (8-10 years) experiments conducted in Central (Aranjuez) and SE (Sorbas) Spain to test how a ~2.5°C warming, a ~30% rainfall reduction and biocrust cover affected topsoil (0-1 cm) P pools (non-occluded P, organic P, calcium bound P, occluded P and total P).Warming significantly increased most P pools-except occluded P-in Aranjuez, whereas only augmented non-occluded P in Sorbas. The rainfall reduction treatment had no effect on the soil P pools at any experimental site. Biocrusts increased most soil P pools and conferred resistance to simulated warming for major P pools at both sites, and to rainfall reduction for non-occluded and occluded P in Aranjuez. Synthesis. Our findings provide novel insights on the responses of soil P pools to warming and rainfall reduction, and highlight the importance of biocrusts as modulators of these responses in dryland ecosystems. Our results suggest that the observed negative impacts of warming on dryland biocrust communities will decrease their capacity to buffer changes in topsoil P driven by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura García‐Velázquez
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y NaturalesUniversidad Pablo de OlavideSevillaSpain
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef”Universidad de AlicanteAlicanteSpain
| | - Antonio Gallardo
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y NaturalesUniversidad Pablo de OlavideSevillaSpain
- Unidad Asociada CSIC‐UPO (BioFun), Universidad Pablo de OlavideSevillaSpain
| | - Victoria Ochoa
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef”Universidad de AlicanteAlicanteSpain
| | - Beatriz Gozalo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef”Universidad de AlicanteAlicanteSpain
| | - Roberto Lázaro
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (CSIC), Carretera de SacramentoAlmeríaSpain
| | - Fernando T. Maestre
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef”Universidad de AlicanteAlicanteSpain
- Departamento de EcologíaUniversidad de AlicanteAlicanteSpain
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6
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Gallardo A, Zamarrón-López E, Deloya-Tomas E, Pérez-Nieto OR. Advantages and limitations of the ROX index. Pulmonology 2022; 28:320-321. [PMID: 35339420 PMCID: PMC8942576 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Gallardo
- Sanatorio Clínica Modelo de Morón, Departamento de Kinesiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - E Zamarrón-López
- Hospital General Regional IMSS No. 6, Ciudad Madero, Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Tamaulipas, México
| | - E Deloya-Tomas
- Hospital General San Juan del Río. Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos
| | - O R Pérez-Nieto
- Hospital General San Juan del Río. Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos
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7
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Zapata J, Gallardo A, Romero C, Valenzuela R, Garcia-Diaz DF, Duarte L, Bustamante A, Gasaly N, Gotteland M, Echeverria F. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the regulation of adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis in obesity: Potential relationship with gut microbiota. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 177:102388. [PMID: 34995899 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a worldwide public health problem characterized by fat tissue accumulation, favouring adipose tissue and metabolic alterations. Increasing energy expenditure (EE) through brown adipose tissue activation and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning has gained relevance as a therapeutic approach. Different bioactive compounds, such as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), have been shown to induce those thermogenic effects. This process is regulated by the gut microbiota as well. Nevertheless, obesity is characterized by gut microbiota dysbiosis, which can be restored by weight loss and n-3 PUFA intake, among other factors. Knowledge gap: However, the role of the gut microbiota on the n-3 PUFA effect in inducing thermogenesis in obesity has not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE This review aims to elucidate the potential implications of this interrelation on WAT browning adiposw sittue (BAT), BAT activity, and EE regulation in obesity models.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zapata
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Gallardo
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Romero
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Valenzuela
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Nutritional Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - D F Garcia-Diaz
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Duarte
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Bustamante
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - N Gasaly
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; ICBM: Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - M Gotteland
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Echeverria
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Carrera de Nutricion y Dietetica, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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8
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Valle Campanón M, Moreno EM, Gallardo A, Ávila CA, Moreno V, Laffond E, Gracia-Bara MT, Muñoz-Bellido FJ, Martín C, Macías EM, Sobrino M, de Arriba S, Castillo R, Dávila I. Sensitization phenotypes in immediate hypersensitivity to cephalosporins: A cluster analysis study. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2022; 32:479-481. [DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Bejarano M, Ramos C, Rosas E, Madera C, Rascón R, Balderas C, Cabrera Á, Rocha U, Fuchs V, Sánchez A, Bermeo E, Guzmán R, Álvarez K, Gallardo A, Hernández E, Sierra M, Acosta G. Risk factors and mortality rate in Covid-19 critically ill patients in Mexico. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021. [PMCID: PMC8629548 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Mallada B, Gallardo A, Lamanec M, de la Torre B, Špirko V, Hobza P, Jelinek P. Real-space imaging of anisotropic charge of σ-hole by means of Kelvin probe force microscopy. Science 2021; 374:863-867. [PMID: 34762455 DOI: 10.1126/science.abk1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mallada
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University Olomouc, tr. 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - A Gallardo
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Lamanec
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University Olomouc, tr. 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Námĕstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B de la Torre
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Špirko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Námĕstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 3, 12116 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Hobza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Námĕstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic.,IT4Innovations, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 70800 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - P Jelinek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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11
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Gallardo A, Gracia Bara MT, Moreno EM, Laffond E, Muñoz Bellido FJ, Martin C, Sobrino M, Dávila I. Delayed Reaction to Gadobutrol in a Nurse With Myocarditis After SARS-Cov-2 Infection. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2021; 31:358-359. [PMID: 33970106 DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Gallardo
- Allergy Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M T Gracia Bara
- Allergy Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL (Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
| | - E M Moreno
- Allergy Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL (Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Salamanca Medical School, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,RETIC Asma, Reacciones adversas y Alérgicas (ARADYAL), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Laffond
- Allergy Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL (Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Salamanca Medical School, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - F J Muñoz Bellido
- Allergy Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL (Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Salamanca Medical School, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - C Martin
- Allergy Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M Sobrino
- Allergy Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - I Dávila
- Allergy Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,IBSAL (Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Salamanca Medical School, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,RETIC Asma, Reacciones adversas y Alérgicas (ARADYAL), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Dacal M, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Barquero J, Berhe AA, Gallardo A, Maestre FT, García-Palacios P. Temperature Increases Soil Respiration Across Ecosystem Types and Soil Development, But Soil Properties Determine the Magnitude of This Effect. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00648-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Lafuente A, Recio J, Ochoa-Hueso R, Gallardo A, Pérez-Corona ME, Manrique E, Durán J. Simulated nitrogen deposition influences soil greenhouse gas fluxes in a Mediterranean dryland. Sci Total Environ 2020; 737:139610. [PMID: 32535308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil nitrogen (N) availability is a key driver of soil-atmosphere greenhouse gas (GHG) exchange, yet we are far from understanding how increases in N deposition due to human activities will influence the net soil-atmosphere fluxes of the three most important GHGs: nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). We simulated four levels of N deposition (10, 20 and 50 kg N ha-1 yr-1, plus unfertilised control) to evaluate their effects on N2O, CH4 and CO2 soil fluxes in a semiarid shrubland in central Spain. After 8 years of experimental fertilisation, increasing N availability led to a consistent increase in N2O emissions, likely due to simultaneous increases in soil microbial nitrification and/or denitrification processes. However, only intermediate levels of N fertilisation reduced CH4 uptake, while increasing N fertilisation had no effects on CO2 fluxes, suggesting complex interactions between N deposition loads and GHG fluxes. Our study provides novel insight into the responses of GHGs to N deposition in drylands, forecasting increases in N2O emissions, and decreases in CH4 uptake rates, with likely consequences to the on-going climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lafuente
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain.
| | - Jaime Recio
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Research Center for the Management of Environmental and Agricultural Risks (CEIGRAM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Raúl Ochoa-Hueso
- Departamento de Biología-IVAGRO, Universidad de Cádiz, Av. República Árabe Saharaui, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Gallardo
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Esther Pérez-Corona
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución (UD Ecología), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, c/ José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esteban Manrique
- Real Jardín Botánico, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, c/ Claudio Moyano, 1, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Durán
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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14
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Delgado-Baquerizo M, Reich PB, Bardgett RD, Eldridge DJ, Lambers H, Wardle DA, Reed SC, Plaza C, Png GK, Neuhauser S, Berhe AA, Hart SC, Hu HW, He JZ, Bastida F, Abades S, Alfaro FD, Cutler NA, Gallardo A, García-Velázquez L, Hayes PE, Hseu ZY, Pérez CA, Santos F, Siebe C, Trivedi P, Sullivan BW, Weber-Grullon L, Williams MA, Fierer N. The influence of soil age on ecosystem structure and function across biomes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4721. [PMID: 32948775 PMCID: PMC7501311 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of soil age as an ecosystem driver across biomes remains largely unresolved. By combining a cross-biome global field survey, including data for 32 soil, plant, and microbial properties in 16 soil chronosequences, with a global meta-analysis, we show that soil age is a significant ecosystem driver, but only accounts for a relatively small proportion of the cross-biome variation in multiple ecosystem properties. Parent material, climate, vegetation and topography predict, collectively, 24 times more variation in ecosystem properties than soil age alone. Soil age is an important local-scale ecosystem driver; however, environmental context, rather than soil age, determines the rates and trajectories of ecosystem development in structure and function across biomes. Our work provides insights into the natural history of terrestrial ecosystems. We propose that, regardless of soil age, changes in the environmental context, such as those associated with global climatic and land-use changes, will have important long-term impacts on the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems across biomes. Soil age is thought to be an important driver of ecosystem development. Here, the authors perform a global survey of soil chronosequences and meta-analysis to show that, contrary to expectations, soil age is a relatively minor ecosystem driver at the biome scale once other drivers such as parent material, climate, and vegetation type are accounted for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain. .,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Richard D Bardgett
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michael Smith Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - David J Eldridge
- Centre for Ecosystem Studies, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley (Perth), WA, 6009, Australia
| | - David A Wardle
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Sasha C Reed
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, UT, USA
| | - César Plaza
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 115 bis, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Kenny Png
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michael Smith Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Sigrid Neuhauser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Asmeret Asefaw Berhe
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sierra Nevada Research Institute, University of California Merced, Merced, California, 95343, USA
| | - Stephen C Hart
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sierra Nevada Research Institute, University of California Merced, Merced, California, 95343, USA
| | - Hang-Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, 350007, Fuzhou, China.,Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ji-Zheng He
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, 350007, Fuzhou, China.,Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Felipe Bastida
- CEBAS-CSIC. Department of Soil and Water Conservation. Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sebastián Abades
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Studies, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide, 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando D Alfaro
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Studies, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide, 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Las Palmeras, 3425, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nick A Cutler
- School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Antonio Gallardo
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura García-Velázquez
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Patrick E Hayes
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley (Perth), WA, 6009, Australia.,Centre for Microscopy, Characterization and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Centre for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8656, Japan
| | - Zeng-Yei Hseu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cecilia A Pérez
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Las Palmeras, 3425, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Santos
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sierra Nevada Research Institute, University of California Merced, Merced, California, 95343, USA
| | - Christina Siebe
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México, D.F. CP 04510, Mexico
| | - Pankaj Trivedi
- Microbiome Network and Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523, CO, USA
| | - Benjamin W Sullivan
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Luis Weber-Grullon
- Global Drylands Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Mark A Williams
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Noah Fierer
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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15
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Gaete-Carrasco A, Rosenfeld C, Gallardo A. Análisis epidemiológico del programa de vigilancia activa de Piscirickettsia salmonis del Servicio Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura de Chile. REV SCI TECH OIE 2020; 38:823-849. [PMID: 32286564 DOI: 10.20506/rst.38.3.3029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Piscirickettsia salmonis is the causative agent of piscirickettsiosis, a disease that causes significant economic losses in salmonid sea farms in Chile. The objective of this study was to determine and describe the geographical distribution, seasonality and time period when P. salmonis was first detected in farms studied under the active surveillance programme for piscirickettsiosis of the National Fisheries and Aquaculture Service of Chile (SERNAPESCA), which was conducted from January 2013 to March 2017. A 0.28% prevalence of piscirickettsiosis was determined in freshwater fish and one of 58.1% in sea farms. The prevalence of P. salmonis was 61.1% in the Aysén region, 59.8% in the Los Lagos region, 5.1% in the Los Ríos region and 3.0% in the Magallanes region. In Los Lagos and Aysén, eight clusters of sea farms were identified, in space and time, as having a positive diagnosis of P. salmonis, whereas, in Magallanes, none was identified, confirming the absence of horizontal transmission or spread of the agent in this geographical area. A seasonal variation was found in the monthly prevalence of P. salmonis, with increases in Salmo salar and Oncorhynchus mykiss in summer and autumn, and in Oncorhynchus kisutch in winter, spring and summer. It was determined that the average time required to detect the agent after fish had been transferred to the sea was 105 days (minimum, 7 days; maximum, 351 days), and no differences were found either between regions or species. Thus the results obtained from the active surveillance programme have helped to increase knowledge of the epidemiology of P. salmonis.
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16
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García‐Velázquez L, Rodríguez A, Gallardo A, Maestre FT, Dos Santos E, Lafuente A, Fernández‐Alonso MJ, Singh BK, Wang J, Durán J. Climate and soil micro‐organisms drive soil phosphorus fractions in coastal dune systems. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura García‐Velázquez
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos Químicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de Olavide Sevilla Spain
| | - Alexandra Rodríguez
- Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE)—Science for People & the Planet University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Antonio Gallardo
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos Químicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de Olavide Sevilla Spain
| | - Fernando T. Maestre
- Departamento de Ecología Universidad de Alicante Alicante Spain
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef” Universidad de Alicante Alicante Spain
| | - Everaldo Dos Santos
- Eixo de recursos naturais/meio ambiente Campus Paranaguá‐PR Instituto Federal do Paraná Paranaguá Brazil
| | - Angela Lafuente
- Departamento de Biología y Geología Física y Química Inorgánica Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Móstoles Spain
| | | | - Brajesh K. Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
- Global Centre for Land‐Based Innovation Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Jun‐Tao Wang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
- Global Centre for Land‐Based Innovation Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Jorge Durán
- Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE)—Science for People & the Planet University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
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17
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Jaqueti P, García MI, Campanón-Toro MV, Sobrino M, Gallardo A, Dávila I. Cheilitis Associated With Sensitization to Penicillium notatum in a Clarinetist. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2020; 30:292-293. [PMID: 32101170 DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Jaqueti
- Allergy Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M I García
- Microbiology Service, University Hospital of Salamanca and Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - M Sobrino
- Allergy Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - A Gallardo
- Allergy Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - I Dávila
- Allergy Service, University Hospital of Salamanca and Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Salamanca University School of Medicine, Salamanca, Spain
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18
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Delgado-Baquerizo M, Reich PB, Trivedi C, Eldridge DJ, Abades S, Alfaro FD, Bastida F, Berhe AA, Cutler NA, Gallardo A, García-Velázquez L, Hart SC, Hayes PE, He JZ, Hseu ZY, Hu HW, Kirchmair M, Neuhauser S, Pérez CA, Reed SC, Santos F, Sullivan BW, Trivedi P, Wang JT, Weber-Grullon L, Williams MA, Singh BK. Multiple elements of soil biodiversity drive ecosystem functions across biomes. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:210-220. [PMID: 32015427 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-1084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The role of soil biodiversity in regulating multiple ecosystem functions is poorly understood, limiting our ability to predict how soil biodiversity loss might affect human wellbeing and ecosystem sustainability. Here, combining a global observational study with an experimental microcosm study, we provide evidence that soil biodiversity (bacteria, fungi, protists and invertebrates) is significantly and positively associated with multiple ecosystem functions. These functions include nutrient cycling, decomposition, plant production, and reduced potential for pathogenicity and belowground biological warfare. Our findings also reveal the context dependency of such relationships and the importance of the connectedness, biodiversity and nature of the globally distributed dominant phylotypes within the soil network in maintaining multiple functions. Moreover, our results suggest that the positive association between plant diversity and multifunctionality across biomes is indirectly driven by soil biodiversity. Together, our results provide insights into the importance of soil biodiversity for maintaining soil functionality locally and across biomes, as well as providing strong support for the inclusion of soil biodiversity in conservation and management programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide , Sevilla, Spain.
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Peter B Reich
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Chanda Trivedi
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David J Eldridge
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sebastián Abades
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando D Alfaro
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Bastida
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Asmeret A Berhe
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sierra Nevada Research Institute, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Nick A Cutler
- School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Antonio Gallardo
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide , Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura García-Velázquez
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide , Sevilla, Spain
| | - Stephen C Hart
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sierra Nevada Research Institute, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Patrick E Hayes
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Centre for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ji-Zheng He
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zeng-Yei Hseu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hang-Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin Kirchmair
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sigrid Neuhauser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cecilia A Pérez
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Las Palmeras, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sasha C Reed
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, UT, USA
| | - Fernanda Santos
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sierra Nevada Research Institute, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin W Sullivan
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Pankaj Trivedi
- Microbiome Cluster and Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jun-Tao Wang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luis Weber-Grullon
- Global Drylands Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Mark A Williams
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Global Centre for Land Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith South, New South Wales, Australia
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19
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Bastida F, Eldridge DJ, Abades S, Alfaro FD, Gallardo A, García‐Velázquez L, García C, Hart SC, Pérez CA, Santos F, Trivedi P, Williams MA, Delgado‐Baquerizo M. Climatic vulnerabilities and ecological preferences of soil invertebrates across biomes. Mol Ecol 2019; 29:752-761. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sebastián Abades
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment Universidad Mayor Santiago Chile
| | - Fernando D. Alfaro
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment Universidad Mayor Santiago Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB) Santiago Chile
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Genética (CBG) Universidad Mayor de San Simón Cochabamba Bolivia
| | - Antonio Gallardo
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos Químicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de Olavide Sevilla Spain
| | - Laura García‐Velázquez
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos Químicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de Olavide Sevilla Spain
| | | | - Stephen C. Hart
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences Sierra Nevada Research Institute University of California Merced CA USA
| | | | - Fernanda Santos
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences Sierra Nevada Research Institute University of California Merced CA USA
| | - Pankaj Trivedi
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Mark A. Williams
- Agricultural and Life Sciences Virginia Polytechnic and State University Blacksburg VA USA
| | - Manuel Delgado‐Baquerizo
- Departamento de Biología y Geología Física y Química Inorgánica Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Madrid Spain
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20
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del Carpio L, Gomila P, Camacho S, Moron S, Riudavets M, Molto C, Bujosa A, Borrell M, Teres R, Martin B, Gallardo P, Acosta E, Tilea L, Soto A, De Quintana C, Craven-Bartle J, Gallardo A, Gomez B, Bonilla S, Gallego O. Impaired survival in resected glioblastoma multiforme patients treated with early chemoradiation. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy273.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gallardo
- Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA; UC Davis Medical Center/ Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA
| | - D Neal
- Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA; UC Davis Medical Center/ Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA
| | - T Palmieri
- Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA; UC Davis Medical Center/ Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA
| | - D G Greehalgh
- Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA; UC Davis Medical Center/ Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA
| | - S S Sen
- Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA; UC Davis Medical Center/ Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA
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22
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Gallardo A, Carlos M, Colomer FJ, Edo-Alcón N. Analysis of the waste selective collection at drop-off systems: Case study including the income level and the seasonal variation. Waste Manag Res 2018; 36:30-38. [PMID: 29076776 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x17733539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There are several factors which have an influence in the selective collection of the municipal waste. To define a selective collection system, the waste generation pattern should be firstly determined and these factors should be analyzed in depth. This paper tries to analyze the economic income level and the seasonal variation on the collection and the purity of light-packaging waste to determine actions to improve the waste management plan of a town. In the first stage of the work, waste samples of the light-packaging containers were collected in two zones of the town with different economic characteristics in different seasons during one year. In the second stage, the samples were characterized to analyze the composition and purity of the waste. They were firstly separated into four fractions: metals; plastic; beverage cartons; and misplaced materials. The misplaced fraction was in its turn separated into cardboard, rubber and leather, inert waste, organic matter, paper, hazardous waste, clothes and shoes, glass and others. The plastic fraction was separated into five types of plastics and the metal fraction into three. In the third stage, the data have been analyzed and conclusions have been extracted. The main result is that the quality of the light-packaging fraction collected in these zones during both seasons were similar. This methodology can be extrapolated to towns with similar characteristics. It will be useful when implementing a system to collect the waste selectively and to develop actions to achieve a good participation in the selective collection of the waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gallardo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Spain
| | - M Carlos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Spain
| | - F J Colomer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Spain
| | - N Edo-Alcón
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Spain
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23
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Cantos M, Arroyo-García R, García JL, Lara M, Morales R, López MÁ, Gallardo A, Ocete CA, Rodríguez Á, Valle JM, Vaca R, González-Maestro M, Bánáti H, Ocete R. Current distribution and characterization of the wild grapevine populations in Andalusia (Spain). C R Biol 2017; 340:164-177. [PMID: 28256414 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
For decades, human activities have gradually destroyed the natural habitats of wild grapevine, Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi, and nowadays this species is endangered in southern Europe. In this paper, 94 populations of this species have been localized and characterized in the Andalusian region in the Iberian Peninsula between 1989 and 2013. Location, ecological aspects, and sanitary characteristics are described. Must properties and in vitro tolerance to calcareous conditions were also checked. The paper also contains a global description of female and male individuals. Two hundred individuals from six river basin populations have been sampled, and their genetic structure analyzed by using 25 nuclear microsatellites loci to investigate the gene diversity of wild grape populations in Andalusia at two levels: total individuals and at river basin populations. Also, the genetic relationship of wild and cultivated accessions has been tested. Wild grapevine is considered the ancestor of the cultivated varieties and should be preserved as this material could be used to start breeding programs of cultivated varieties and also to restore riverbank forests, which constitute one of the worst preserved ecosystems in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cantos
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (CSIC), avenue Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Rosa Arroyo-García
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, UPM-INIA, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis García
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (CSIC), avenue Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miguel Lara
- IFAPA Rancho de la Merced, Ctra. de Trebujena km. 3.2, 11431 Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ramón Morales
- Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles López
- Laboratorio Entomología Aplicada, Universidad de Sevilla, avenue Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Gallardo
- Laboratorio Entomología Aplicada, Universidad de Sevilla, avenue Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Alvar Ocete
- Laboratorio Entomología Aplicada, Universidad de Sevilla, avenue Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Álvaro Rodríguez
- Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería, Universidad del País Vasco, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - José Manuel Valle
- Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería, Universidad del País Vasco, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Ramón Vaca
- Macià Batle Wineries, 07320 Santa María del Camí, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Magdalena González-Maestro
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (CSIC), avenue Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Hajnalka Bánáti
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Central Environmental and Food Science Research Institute, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rafael Ocete
- Laboratorio Entomología Aplicada, Universidad de Sevilla, avenue Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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Maestre FT, Eldridge DJ, Soliveres S, Kéfi S, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Bowker MA, García-Palacios P, Gaitán J, Gallardo A, Lázaro R, Berdugo M. Structure and functioning of dryland ecosystems in a changing world. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 2016; 47:215-237. [PMID: 28239303 PMCID: PMC5321561 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-121415-032311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how drylands respond to ongoing environmental change is extremely important for global sustainability. Here we review how biotic attributes, climate, grazing pressure, land cover change and nitrogen deposition affect the functioning of drylands at multiple spatial scales. Our synthesis highlights the importance of biotic attributes (e.g. species richness) in maintaining fundamental ecosystem processes such as primary productivity, illustrate how N deposition and grazing pressure are impacting ecosystem functioning in drylands worldwide, and highlight the importance of the traits of woody species as drivers of their expansion in former grasslands. We also emphasize the role of attributes such as species richness and abundance in controlling the responses of ecosystem functioning to climate change. This knowledge is essential to guide conservation and restoration efforts in drylands, as biotic attributes can be actively managed at the local scale to increase ecosystem resilience to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando T Maestre
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - David J Eldridge
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Santiago Soliveres
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Alternbengrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Kéfi
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, CC 065, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, 2751, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew A Bowker
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, 200 East Pine Knoll Drive, AZ 86011, Flagstaff, USA
| | - Pablo García-Palacios
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Juan Gaitán
- Instituto de Suelos, CIRN, INTA, Nicolas Repetto y de los Reseros Sin Número, 1686 Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonio Gallardo
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera kilómetro 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Roberto Lázaro
- Departamento de Desertificación y Geoecología. Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, CSIC, Almería, Spain
| | - Miguel Berdugo
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
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Mellado A, Morillas L, Gallardo A, Zamora R. Temporal dynamic of parasite-mediated linkages between the forest canopy and soil processes and the microbial community. New Phytol 2016; 211:1382-1392. [PMID: 27105275 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic plants are important drivers of community and ecosystem properties. In this study, we identify different mechanisms by which mistletoe (Viscum album subsp. austriacum) can affect soil chemical and biological properties at different temporal stages of parasitism. We quantified the effect of parasitism on host growth and the number of frugivorous mutualists visiting the host canopy. Then we collected, identified, and weighed the organic matter input underneath tree canopies and analyzed its nutrient content. Simultaneously, we analyzed soil samples under tree canopies and examined the chemical properties, microbial abundance, and functional evenness of heterotrophic microbial communities. Mistletoe increased the amount, quality, and diversity of organic matter input beneath the host canopy, directly through its nutrient-rich litter and indirectly through a reduction in host litterfall and an increase in bird-derived debris. All these effects gave rise to enriched hotspots able to support larger and more functionally even soil microbial communities beneath parasitized hosts, the effects of which were accentuated after host death. We conclude that mistletoe, together with the biotic interactions it mediates, plays a key role in intensifying soil resource availability, regulating the functional evenness, abundance, and spatial distribution of soil microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mellado
- Department of Ecology, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Lourdes Morillas
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Crta. Utrera Km. 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Sciences for Nature and Environmental Resources, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Gallardo
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Crta. Utrera Km. 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Regino Zamora
- Department of Ecology, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071, Granada, Spain
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Gallardo A, Edo-Alcón N, Carlos M, Renau M. The determination of waste generation and composition as an essential tool to improve the waste management plan of a university. Waste Manag 2016; 53:3-11. [PMID: 27107706 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
When many people work in organized institutions or enterprises, those institutions or enterprises become big meeting places that also have energy, water and resources necessities. One of these necessities is the correct management of the waste that is daily produced by these communities. Universities are a good example of institution where every day a great amount of people go to work or to study. But independently of their task, they use the different services at the University such as cafeterias, canteens, and photocopy and as a result of their activity a cleaning service is also needed. All these activities generate an environmental impact. Nowadays, many Universities have accepted the challenge to minimize this impact applying several measures. One of the impacts to be reduced is the waste generation. The first step to implement measures to implement a waste management plan at a University is to know the composition, the amount and the distribution of the waste generated in its facilities. As the waste composition and generation depend among other things on the climate, these variables should be analysed over one year. This research work estimates the waste generation and composition of a Spanish University, the Universitat Jaume I, during a school year. To achieve this challenge, all the waste streams generated at the University have been identified and quantified emphasizing on those which are not controlled. Furthermore, several statistical analyses have been carried out to know if the season of the year or the day of the week affect waste generation and composition. All this information will allow the University authorities to propose a set of minimization measures to enhance the current management.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gallardo
- Dept. Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
| | - N Edo-Alcón
- Dept. Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
| | - M Carlos
- Dept. Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
| | - M Renau
- Dept. Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
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Gustafson L, Remmenga M, Sandoval Del Valle O, Ibarra R, Antognoli M, Gallardo A, Rosenfeld C, Doddis J, Enriquez Sais R, Bell E, Lara Fica M. Area contact networks and the spatio-temporal spread of infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) in Chile. Prev Vet Med 2016; 125:135-46. [PMID: 26774449 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Area management, the coordination of production and biosecurity practices across neighboring farms, is an important disease control strategy in aquaculture. Area management in aquaculture escalated in prominence in response to outbreaks of infectious salmon anemia (ISA) internationally. Successes in disease control have been attributed to the separation achieved through area-level synchronized stocking, fallowing, movement restrictions, and fomite or pest control. Area management, however, is costly; often demanding extra biosecurity, lengthy or inconveniently timed fallows, and localization of equipment, personnel, and services. Yet, this higher-order organizational structure has received limited epidemiologic attention. Chile's National Fisheries and Aquaculture Service instigated area management practices in response to the 2007 emergence of ISA virus (ISAV). Longitudinal data simultaneously collected allowed retrospective evaluation of the impact of component tenets on virus control. Spatiotemporal analyses identified hydrographic linkages, shared ports, and fish transfers from areas with recent occurrence of ISAV as the strongest predictors of virus spread between areas, though specifics varied by ISAV type (here categorized as HPR0 for the non-virulent genotypes, and HPRv otherwise). Hydrographic linkages were most predictive in the period before implementation of enhanced biosecurity and fallowing regulations, suggesting that viral load can impact spread dynamics. HPR0 arose late in the study period, so few HPRv events were available by which to explore the hypothesis of HPR0 as progenitor of outbreaks. However, spatiotemporal patterns in HPRv occurrence were predictive of subsequent patterns in HPR0 detection, suggesting a parallel, or dependent, means of spread. Better data precision, breadth and consistency, common challenges for retrospective studies, could improve model fit; and, for HPR0, specification of diagnostic test accuracy would improve interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gustafson
- USDA APHIS VS Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Surveillance Design and Analysis, 2150 Centre Ave, Fort Collins, CO 80526-8117, United States.
| | - M Remmenga
- USDA APHIS VS Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Surveillance Design and Analysis, 2150 Centre Ave, Fort Collins, CO 80526-8117, United States
| | - O Sandoval Del Valle
- Sernapesca, Chile's National Fisheries and Aquaculture Service, Victoria 2832, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - R Ibarra
- SalmonChile, Department of Fish Health, Instituto Tecnologico del Salmon, Av. Juan Soler Manfredini 41, OF 1802 Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - M Antognoli
- USDA APHIS VS Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Surveillance Design and Analysis, 2150 Centre Ave, Fort Collins, CO 80526-8117, United States
| | - A Gallardo
- Sernapesca, Chile's National Fisheries and Aquaculture Service, Victoria 2832, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - C Rosenfeld
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad Austral de Chile Campus Isla Teja s/n, Valdivia, Chile
| | - J Doddis
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad Austral de Chile Campus Isla Teja s/n, Valdivia, Chile
| | - R Enriquez Sais
- Lab de Biotecnologia y Patologia Acuatica Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad Austral de Chile Campus Isla Teja s/n, Valdivia, Chile
| | - E Bell
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, 4300 Cherry Creek Drive South, Denver, CO 80246, United States
| | - M Lara Fica
- Sernapesca, Chile's National Fisheries and Aquaculture Service, Victoria 2832, Valparaiso, Chile
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Maestre FT, Bowker MA, Eldridge DJ, Cortina J, Lázaro R, Gallardo A, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Berdugo M, Castillo-Monroy AP, Valencia E. Biological Soil Crusts as a Model System in Ecology. Biological Soil Crusts: An Organizing Principle in Drylands 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-30214-0_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Mallol J, Aguirre V, Córdova P, Cortez E, Gallardo A, Riquelme C. Fraction of exhaled nitric oxide in healthy Chilean schoolchildren aged 8-15 years. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2015; 43:528-32. [PMID: 25456527 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) measured using portable devices is increasingly used in the clinical setting to assess asthmatic children. However, there is little and variable information on the reference values obtained using these devices in healthy children from different populations. METHODS 190 healthy non-smoker children (8-15 years old) were randomly selected from public schools participating in this study. The objective was to determine FENO reference values for healthy Chilean schoolchildren. Healthy individuals were identified by medical interview and parent questionnaire on the use of asthma medications, and current and past symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema. FENO was measured at schools using a portable device with electrochemical sensor (NIO MINOX). Reference values of FENO were expressed as geometric mean and upper limit of the 95% reference interval (right-sided). The relationship of FENO with gender, age, height, body mass, and other factors was assessed by multiple regression, and the difference between groups was contrasted by ANOVA. RESULTS The FENO geometric mean was 15.4ppb with a 95% reference interval upper limit (right-sided), of 27.4ppb (90%CI 25.6-29.2). The 5th and 95th percentiles were 9.0ppb and 28.0ppb, respectively. Height was the only factor significantly associated to FENO (p=0.022). There was no significant difference in mean FENO regarding age, gender, weight, parent reported rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema. CONCLUSION This study suggests that FENO values higher than 27ppb are likely to be abnormal and would reflect airway inflammation in children as those in the present study.
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Morillas L, Durán J, Rodríguez A, Roales J, Gallardo A, Lovett GM, Groffman PM. Nitrogen supply modulates the effect of changes in drying-rewetting frequency on soil C and N cycling and greenhouse gas exchange. Glob Chang Biol 2015; 21:3854-3863. [PMID: 25916277 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition are two of the most important global change drivers. However, the interactions of these drivers have not been well studied. We aimed to assess how the combined effect of soil N additions and more frequent soil drying-rewetting events affects carbon (C) and N cycling, soil:atmosphere greenhouse gas (GHG) exchange, and functional microbial diversity. We manipulated the frequency of soil drying-rewetting events in soils from ambient and N-treated plots in a temperate forest and calculated the Orwin & Wardle Resistance index to compare the response of the different treatments. Increases in drying-rewetting cycles led to reductions in soil NO3- levels, potential net nitrification rate, and soil : atmosphere GHG exchange, and increases in NH4+ and total soil inorganic N levels. N-treated soils were more resistant to changes in the frequency of drying-rewetting cycles, and this resistance was stronger for C- than for N-related variables. Both the long-term N addition and the drying-rewetting treatment altered the functionality of the soil microbial population and its functional diversity. Our results suggest that increasing the frequency of drying-rewetting cycles can affect the ability of soil to cycle C and N and soil : atmosphere GHG exchange and that the response to this increase is modulated by soil N enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Morillas
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
- Department of Sciences for Nature and Environmental Resources, University of Sassari, Via Enrico de Nicola, n 9, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Jorge Durán
- Department of Life Sciences, Center for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Rodríguez
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Science National Museum-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Roales
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Gallardo
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - Gary M Lovett
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, USA
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Soliveres S, Maestre FT, Ulrich W, Manning P, Boch S, Bowker MA, Prati D, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Quero JL, Schöning I, Gallardo A, Weisser W, Müller J, Socher SA, García-Gómez M, Ochoa V, Schulze ED, Fischer M, Allan E. Intransitive competition is widespread in plant communities and maintains their species richness. Ecol Lett 2015; 18:790-798. [PMID: 26032242 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Intransitive competition networks, those in which there is no single best competitor, may ensure species coexistence. However, their frequency and importance in maintaining diversity in real-world ecosystems remain unclear. We used two large data sets from drylands and agricultural grasslands to assess: (1) the generality of intransitive competition, (2) intransitivity-richness relationships and (3) effects of two major drivers of biodiversity loss (aridity and land-use intensification) on intransitivity and species richness. Intransitive competition occurred in > 65% of sites and was associated with higher species richness. Intransitivity increased with aridity, partly buffering its negative effects on diversity, but was decreased by intensive land use, enhancing its negative effects on diversity. These contrasting responses likely arise because intransitivity is promoted by temporal heterogeneity, which is enhanced by aridity but may decline with land-use intensity. We show that intransitivity is widespread in nature and increases diversity, but it can be lost with environmental homogenisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Soliveres
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fernando T Maestre
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán S/N, 28933, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Werner Ulrich
- Chair of Ecology and Biogeography Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Lwowska1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Peter Manning
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Boch
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthew A Bowker
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, 200 East Pine Knoll Drive, 86011, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel Prati
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, 2751, New South Wales, Australia
| | - José L Quero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Forestal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Leonardo da Vinci, 1ª planta. Campus de Rabanales, Ctra N-IV km 396. C.P, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ingo Schöning
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Antonio Gallardo
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera kilómetro 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, Freising, Germany
| | - Jörg Müller
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Universität Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, 14469, Potsdamm, Germany
| | - Stephanie A Socher
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Miguel García-Gómez
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Morfología del Terreno, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Profesor Aranguren S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Ochoa
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán S/N, 28933, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Ernst-Detlef Schulze
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
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Gallardo A, Carlos M, Peris M, Colomer FJ. Methodology to design a municipal solid waste generation and composition map: a case study. Waste Manag 2015; 36:1-11. [PMID: 25443095 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The municipal solid waste (MSW) management is an important task that local governments as well as private companies must take into account to protect human health, the environment and to preserve natural resources. To design an adequate MSW management plan the first step consists in defining the waste generation and composition patterns of the town. As these patterns depend on several socio-economic factors it is advisable to organize them previously. Moreover, the waste generation and composition patterns may vary around the town and over the time. Generally, the data are not homogeneous around the city as the number of inhabitants is not constant nor it is the economic activity. Therefore, if all the information is showed in thematic maps, the final waste management decisions can be made more efficiently. The main aim of this paper is to present a structured methodology that allows local authorities or private companies who deal with MSW to design its own MSW management plan depending on the available data. According to these data, this paper proposes two ways of action: a direct way when detailed data are available and an indirect way when there is a lack of data and it is necessary to take into account bibliographic data. In any case, the amount of information needed is considerable. This paper combines the planning methodology with the Geographic Information Systems to present the final results in thematic maps that make easier to interpret them. The proposed methodology is a previous useful tool to organize the MSW collection routes including the selective collection. To verify the methodology it has been successfully applied to a Spanish town.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gallardo
- Dept. Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
| | - M Carlos
- Dept. Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
| | - M Peris
- Dept. Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
| | - F J Colomer
- Dept. Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
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Redondo J, Velasco D, Pérez-Perrino M, Reinecke H, Gallardo A, Pandit A, Elvira C. Synergistic effect of pendant hydroxypropyl and pyrrolidine moieties randomly distributed along polymethacrylamide backbones on in vitro DNA-transfection. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 90:38-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Delgado‐Baquerizo M, Gallardo A, Covelo F, Prado‐Comesaña A, Ochoa V, Maestre FT. Differences in thallus chemistry are related to species‐specific effects of biocrust‐forming lichens on soil nutrients and microbial communities. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Delgado‐Baquerizo
- Departamento Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de Olavide Carretera de Utrera km. 1 41013 Sevilla Spain
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment University of Western Sydney Penrith 2751 New South Wales Australia
| | - Antonio Gallardo
- Departamento Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de Olavide Carretera de Utrera km. 1 41013 Sevilla Spain
| | - Felisa Covelo
- Departamento Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de Olavide Carretera de Utrera km. 1 41013 Sevilla Spain
| | - Ana Prado‐Comesaña
- Departamento Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de Olavide Carretera de Utrera km. 1 41013 Sevilla Spain
| | - Victoria Ochoa
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación Departamento de Biología y Geología Física y Química Inorgánica Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología Universidad Rey Juan Carlos c/Tulipán s/n 28933 Móstoles Spain
| | - Fernando T. Maestre
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación Departamento de Biología y Geología Física y Química Inorgánica Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología Universidad Rey Juan Carlos c/Tulipán s/n 28933 Móstoles Spain
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Prades M, Gallardo A, Ibàñez MV. Factors determining waste generation in Spanish towns and cities. Environ Monit Assess 2015; 187:4098. [PMID: 25492706 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper analyzes the generation and composition of municipal solid waste in Spanish towns and cities with more than 5000 inhabitants, which altogether account for 87% of the Spanish population. To do so, the total composition and generation of municipal solid waste fractions were obtained from 135 towns and cities. Homogeneity tests revealed heterogeneity in the proportions of municipal solid waste fractions from one city to another. Statistical analyses identified significant differences in the generation of glass in cities of different sizes and in the generation of all fractions depending on the hydrographic area. Finally, linear regression models and residuals analysis were applied to analyze the effect of different demographic, geographic, and socioeconomic variables on the generation of waste fractions. The conclusions show that more densely populated towns, a hydrographic area, and cities with over 50,000 inhabitants have higher waste generation rates, while certain socioeconomic variables (people/car) decrease that generation. Other socioeconomic variables (foreigners and unemployment) show a positive and null influence on that waste generation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Prades
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Universitat Jaume I, Av Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain,
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Soliveres S, Maestre FT, Eldridge DJ, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Quero JL, Bowker MA, Gallardo A. Plant diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality peak at intermediate levels of woody cover in global drylands. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 2014; 23:1408-1416. [PMID: 25914607 PMCID: PMC4407977 DOI: 10.1111/geb.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM The global spread of woody plants into grasslands is predicted to increase over the coming century. While there is general agreement regarding the anthropogenic causes of this phenomenon, its ecological consequences are less certain. We analyzed how woody vegetation of differing cover affects plant diversity (richness and evenness) and multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality) in global drylands, and how this changes with aridity. LOCATION 224 dryland sites from all continents except Antarctica widely differing in their environmental conditions (from arid to dry-subhumid sites) and woody covers (from 0 to 100%). METHODS Using a standardized field survey, we measured the cover, richness and evenness of perennial vegetation. At each site, we measured 14 ecosystem functions related to soil fertility and the build-up of nutrient pools. These functions are critical for maintaining ecosystem function in drylands. RESULTS Species richness and ecosystem multifunctionality were strongly influenced by woody vegetation, with both variables peaking at relative woody covers (RWC) of 41-60%. This relationship shifted with aridity. We observed linear positive effects of RWC in dry-subhumid sites. These positive trends shifted to hump-shaped RWC-diversity and multifunctionality relationships under semiarid environments. Finally, hump-shaped (richness, evenness) or linear negative (multifunctionality) effects of RWC were found under the most arid conditions. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Plant diversity and multifunctionality peaked at intermediate levels of woody cover, although this relationship became increasingly positive under wetter environments. This comprehensive study accounts for multiple ecosystem attributes across a range of woody covers and environmental conditions. Our results help us to reconcile contrasting views of woody encroachment found in current literature and can be used to improve predictions of the likely effects of encroachment on biodiversity and ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Soliveres
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación. Departamento de Biología y Geología, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
- Corresponding author. . Phone: 914888517; Fax: 916647490
| | - Fernando T. Maestre
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación. Departamento de Biología y Geología, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - David J. Eldridge
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia. DJE:
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación. Departamento de Biología y Geología, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, 2751, New South Wales, Australia. MDB:
| | - José Luis Quero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Forestal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes. Universidad de Córdoba. Edificio Leonardo da Vinci, 1 planta. Campus de Rabanales. Ctra N-IV km 396. C.P. 14071, Córdoba, Spain. JLQ:
| | - Matthew A. Bowker
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, 200 East Pine Knoll Drive, AZ 86011, Flagstaff, USA. MAB:
| | - Antonio Gallardo
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera kilómetro 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain. AG:
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Arjona-Sánchez A, Sánchez-Hidalgo J, Ciria-Bru R, Muñoz-Casares F, Ruiz-Rabelo J, Gallardo A, Orti R, Luque A, Rufián-Peña S, López-Cillero P, de la Mata M, Briceño-Delgado F. Prediction Model to Discard A Priori Liver Allografts. Transplant Proc 2014; 46:3076-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.09.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Gallardo A, Carlos M, Peris M, Colomer FJ. Methodology to design a municipal solid waste generation and composition map: a case study. Waste Manag 2014; 34:1920-1931. [PMID: 25008298 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The municipal solid waste (MSW) management is an important task that local governments as well as private companies must take into account to protect human health, the environment and to preserve natural resources. To design an adequate MSW management plan the first step consist in defining the waste generation and composition patterns of the town. As these patterns depend on several socio-economic factors it is advisable to organize them previously. Moreover, the waste generation and composition patterns may vary around the town and over the time. Generally, the data are not homogeneous around the city as the number of inhabitants is not constant nor it is the economic activity. Therefore, if all the information is showed in thematic maps, the final waste management decisions can be made more efficiently. The main aim of this paper is to present a structured methodology that allows local authorities or private companies who deal with MSW to design its own MSW management plan depending on the available data. According to these data, this paper proposes two ways of action: a direct way when detailed data are available and an indirect way when there is a lack of data and it is necessary to take into account bibliographic data. In any case, the amount of information needed is considerable. This paper combines the planning methodology with the Geographic Information Systems to present the final results in thematic maps that make easier to interpret them. The proposed methodology is a previous useful tool to organize the MSW collection routes including the selective collection. To verify the methodology it has been successfully applied to a Spanish town.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gallardo
- Dept. Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
| | - M Carlos
- Dept. Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
| | - M Peris
- Dept. Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
| | - F J Colomer
- Dept. Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Jaume I University, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
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Téllez-Gabriel M, Gallardo A, Arroyo-Solera I, Navas L, León X, Quer M, Barnadas A, Mangues R, Pavon M. 691: SERPINE1 immunostaining is associated with clinical outcome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50610-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Peiró G, Ortiz-Martínez F, Gallardo A, Pérez-Balaguer A, Sánchez-Payá J, Ponce JJ, Tibau A, López-Vilaro L, Escuin D, Adrover E, Barnadas A, Lerma E. Src, a potential target for overcoming trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive breast carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:689-95. [PMID: 24937674 PMCID: PMC4134494 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Src is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in signalling and crosstalk between growth-promoting pathways. We aim to investigate the relationship of active Src in response to trastuzumab of HER2-positive breast carcinomas. METHODS We selected 278 HER2-positive breast cancer patients with (n=154) and without (n=124) trastuzumab treatment. We performed immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded tissue microarrays of active Src and several proteins involved in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, PIK3CA mutational analysis and in vitro studies (SKBR3 and BT474 cancer cells). The results were correlated with clinicopathological factors and patients' outcome. RESULTS Increased pSrc-Y416 was demonstrated in trastuzumab-resistant cells and in 37.8% of tumours that correlated positively with tumour size, necrosis, mitosis, metastasis to the central nervous system, p53 overexpression and MAPK activation but inversely with EGFR and p27. Univariate analyses showed an association of increased active Src with shorter survival in patients at early stage with HER2/hormone receptor-negative tumours treated with trastuzumab. CONCLUSIONS Src activation participates in trastuzumab mechanisms of resistance and indicates poor prognosis, mainly in HER2/hormone receptor-negative breast cancer. Therefore, blocking this axis may be beneficial in those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Peiró
- 1] Department of Pathology, University General Hospital of Alicante, Pintor Baeza 12, Alicante 03010, Spain [2] Research Unit, University General Hospital of Alicante, Pintor Baeza 12, Alicante 03010, Spain
| | - F Ortiz-Martínez
- Research Unit, University General Hospital of Alicante, Pintor Baeza 12, Alicante 03010, Spain
| | - A Gallardo
- Department of Pathology, Clinica Girona, Joan Maragall 16, Girona 17003, Spain
| | - A Pérez-Balaguer
- Research Unit, University General Hospital of Alicante, Pintor Baeza 12, Alicante 03010, Spain
| | - J Sánchez-Payá
- Department of Epidemiology, University General Hospital of Alicante, Pintor Baeza 12, Alicante 03010, Spain
| | - J J Ponce
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University General Hospital of Alicante, Pintor Baeza 12, Alicante 03010, Spain
| | - A Tibau
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Quintí 87-89, Barcelona 08041, Spain
| | - L López-Vilaro
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Quintí 87-89, Barcelona 08041, Spain
| | - D Escuin
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Quintí 87-89, Barcelona 08041, Spain Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Adrover
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University General Hospital of Albacete, Hermanos Falcó s/n, Albacete 02006, Spain
| | - A Barnadas
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Quintí 87-89, Barcelona 08041, Spain
| | - E Lerma
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Quintí 87-89, Barcelona 08041, Spain
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Gallardo A, Guil JM, Lomba E, Almarza NG, Khatib SJ, Cabrillo C, Sanz A, Pires J. Adsorption of probe molecules in pillared interlayered clays: experiment and computer simulation. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:224701. [PMID: 24929408 DOI: 10.1063/1.4880962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we investigate the adsorption of various probe molecules in order to characterize the porous structure of a series of pillared interlayered clays (PILC). To that aim, volumetric and microcalorimetric adsorption experiments were performed on various Zr PILC samples using nitrogen, toluene, and mesitylene as probe molecules. For one of the samples, neutron scattering experiments were also performed using toluene as adsorbate. Various structural models are proposed and tested by means of a comprehensive computer simulation study, using both geometric and percolation analysis in combination with Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations in order to model the volumetric and microcalorimetric isotherms. On the basis of this analysis, we propose a series of structural models that aim at accounting for the adsorption experimental behavior, and make possible a microscopic interpretation of the role played by the different interactions and steric effects in the adsorption processes in these rather complex disordered microporous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gallardo
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano 119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Guil
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano 119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - E Lomba
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano 119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - N G Almarza
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano 119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - S J Khatib
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano 119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Cabrillo
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 123, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Sanz
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 123, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Pires
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica da Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Gallego O, Cuatrecasas M, Benavides M, Segura PP, Berrocal A, Erill N, Colomer A, Quintana MJ, Balaña C, Gil M, Gallardo A, Murata P, Barnadas A. Efficacy of erlotinib in patients with relapsed gliobastoma multiforme who expressed EGFRVIII and PTEN determined by immunohistochemistry. J Neurooncol 2013; 116:413-9. [PMID: 24352766 PMCID: PMC3890043 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-013-1316-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) alteration is a common feature in most of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Robust response of anti-EGFR treatments has been mostly associated with the EGFR deletion mutant variant III (EGFRvIII) and expression of PTEN. We have performed a prospective trial in order to confirm the efficacy of erlotinib treatment in patients with relapsed GBM who expressed EGFRvIII and PTEN. All patients included in the trial were required to be PTEN (+++), EGFR (+++) and EGFRvIII (+++) positives by immunohistochemistry. This new phase II trial enrolled 40 patients and was design to be stopped in case of fewer than two responses in the first 13 patients. Patient eligibility included histopathology criteria, radiological progression, more than 18 years old, Karnofsky performed status, KPS > 50, and adequate bone marrow and organ function. There was no limit to the number of prior treatments for relapses. No enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs were allowed. The primary endpoints were response and progression-free survival at 6 months (PFS6). Thirteen patients (6 men, 7 women) with recurrent GBM received erlotinib 150 mg/day. Median age was 53 years, median KPS was 80, and median prior treatments for relapses were 2. There was one partial response and three stable diseases (one at 18 months). PFS at 6 months was 20 %. Dose reduction for toxicity was not needed in any patient. Dermatitis was the main treatment-related toxicity, grade 1 in 8 patients and grade 2 in 5 patients. No grade 3 toxicity was observed. Median survival was 7 months (95 % IC 1.41–4.7). As conclusion, monotherapy with erlotinib in GBM relapses patients with high protein expression for PTEN (+++), EGFR (+++), and EGFRvlII (+++) showed low toxicity but minimal efficacy and the trial stopped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Gallego
- Medical Oncology Service, Santa Creu i Sant Pau Hospital, Sant Antoni Mº Claret nº 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain,
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Maestre FT, Escolar C, de Guevara ML, Quero JL, Lázaro R, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Ochoa V, Berdugo M, Gozalo B, Gallardo A. Changes in biocrust cover drive carbon cycle responses to climate change in drylands. Glob Chang Biol 2013; 19:3835-47. [PMID: 23818331 PMCID: PMC3942145 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Dryland ecosystems account for ca. 27% of global soil organic carbon (C) reserves, yet it is largely unknown how climate change will impact C cycling and storage in these areas. In drylands, soil C concentrates at the surface, making it particularly sensitive to the activity of organisms inhabiting the soil uppermost levels, such as communities dominated by lichens, mosses, bacteria and fungi (biocrusts). We conducted a full factorial warming and rainfall exclusion experiment at two semiarid sites in Spain to show how an average increase of air temperature of 2-3 °C promoted a drastic reduction in biocrust cover (ca. 44% in 4 years). Warming significantly increased soil CO2 efflux, and reduced soil net CO2 uptake, in biocrust-dominated microsites. Losses of biocrust cover with warming through time were paralleled by increases in recalcitrant C sources, such as aromatic compounds, and in the abundance of fungi relative to bacteria. The dramatic reduction in biocrust cover with warming will lessen the capacity of drylands to sequester atmospheric CO2 . This decrease may act synergistically with other warming-induced effects, such as the increase in soil CO2 efflux and the changes in microbial communities to alter C cycling in drylands, and to reduce soil C stocks in the mid to long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando T. Maestre
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Cristina Escolar
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Mónica Ladrón de Guevara
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (CSIC), Carretera de Sacramento, s/n, 04120 La Cañada de San Urbano-Almería, Spain
| | - José L. Quero
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
- Departamento de Ingeniería Forestal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Crta. N-IV km. 396, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Roberto Lázaro
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (CSIC), Carretera de Sacramento, s/n, 04120 La Cañada de San Urbano-Almería, Spain
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km. 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Victoria Ochoa
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Miguel Berdugo
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gozalo
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Antonio Gallardo
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km. 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
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Delgado-Baquerizo M, Maestre FT, Gallardo A, Bowker MA, Wallenstein MD, Quero JL, Ochoa V, Gozalo B, García-Gómez M, Soliveres S, García-Palacios P, Berdugo M, Valencia E, Escolar C, Arredondo T, Barraza-Zepeda C, Bran D, Carreira JA, Chaieb M, Conceição AA, Derak M, Eldridge DJ, Escudero A, Espinosa CI, Gaitán J, Gatica MG, Gómez-González S, Guzman E, Gutiérrez JR, Florentino A, Hepper E, Hernández RM, Huber-Sannwald E, Jankju M, Liu J, Mau RL, Miriti M, Monerris J, Naseri K, Noumi Z, Polo V, Prina A, Pucheta E, Ramírez E, Ramírez-Collantes DA, Romão R, Tighe M, Torres D, Torres-Díaz C, Ungar ED, Val J, Wamiti W, Wang D, Zaady E. Decoupling of soil nutrient cycles as a function of aridity in global drylands. Nature 2013; 502:672-6. [DOI: 10.1038/nature12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 537] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Castro-Díez P, Godoy O, Alonso A, Gallardo A, Saldaña A. What explains variation in the impacts of exotic plant invasions on the nitrogen cycle? A meta-analysis. Ecol Lett 2013; 17:1-12. [PMID: 24134461 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Exotic plant invasions can notably alter the nitrogen (N) cycle of ecosystems. However, there is large variation in the magnitude and direction of their impact that remains unexplained. We present a structured meta-analysis of 100 papers, covering 113 invasive plant species with 345 cases of invasion across the globe and reporting impacts on N cycle-related metrics. We aim to explain heterogeneity of impacts by considering methodological aspects, properties of the invaded site and phylogenetic and functional characteristics of the invaders and the natives. Overall, plant invasions increased N pools and accelerated fluxes, even when excluding N-fixing invaders. The impact on N pools depended mainly on functional differences and was greater when the invasive plants and the natives differed in N-fixation ability, plant height and plant/leaf habit. Furthermore, the impact on N fluxes was related mainly to climate, being greater under warm and moist conditions. Our findings show that more functionally distant invaders occurring in mild climates are causing the strongest alterations to the N cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Castro-Díez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Unidad Docente de Ecología), Facultad de Biología, Ciencias Ambientales y Química, Universidad de Alcalá. Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33, 6. 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Sheppard G, Gallardo A, Hall J, Strizek M. Managing the cumulative groundwater impacts of multiple iron ore projects at Cape Preston (or ... one plus one plus one plus one does not equal four). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/174328610x12682159814911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Delgado-Baquerizo M, Gallardo A, Wallenstein MD, Maestre FT. Vascular plants mediate the effects of aridity and soil properties on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2013; 85:273-82. [PMID: 23550964 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An integrated perspective of the most important factors driving the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) in natural ecosystems is lacking, especially in drylands. We evaluated how different climatic, abiotic, and nutrient-related factors determine AOA and AOB abundance in bare and vegetated microsites from grasslands throughout the Mediterranean Basin. We found a strong negative relationship between the abundance of AOA genes and soil fertility (availability of C, N, and P). Aridity and other abiotic factors (pH, sand content, and electrical conductivity) were more important than soil fertility in modulating the AOA/AOB ratio. AOB were more abundant under vegetated microsites, while AOA, highly resistant to stressful conditions, were more abundant in bare ground areas. These results suggest that AOA may carry out nitrification in less fertile microsites, while AOB predominate under more fertile conditions. Our results indicate that the influence of aridity and pH on the relative dominance of AOA and AOB genes is ultimately determined by local-scale environmental changes promoted by perennial vegetation. Thus, in spatially heterogeneous ecosystems such as drylands, there is a mutual exclusion and niche division between these microorganisms, suggesting that they may be functionally complementary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Departamento Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.
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Delgado-Baquerizo M, Maestre FT, Gallardo A, Quero JL, Ochoa V, García-Gómez M, Escolar C, García-Palacios P, Berdugo M, Valencia E, Gozalo B, Noumi Z, Derak M, Wallenstein MD. Aridity modulates N availability in arid and semiarid Mediterranean grasslands. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59807. [PMID: 23565170 PMCID: PMC3614980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While much is known about the factors that control each component of the terrestrial nitrogen (N) cycle, it is less clear how these factors affect total N availability, the sum of organic and inorganic forms potentially available to microorganisms and plants. This is particularly true for N-poor ecosystems such as drylands, which are highly sensitive to climate change and desertification processes that can lead to the loss of soil nutrients such as N. We evaluated how different climatic, abiotic, plant and nutrient related factors correlate with N availability in semiarid Stipa tenacissima grasslands along a broad aridity gradient from Spain to Tunisia. Aridity had the strongest relationship with N availability, suggesting the importance of abiotic controls on the N cycle in drylands. Aridity appeared to modulate the effects of pH, plant cover and organic C (OC) on N availability. Our results suggest that N transformation rates, which are largely driven by variations in soil moisture, are not the direct drivers of N availability in the studied grasslands. Rather, the strong relationship between aridity and N availability could be driven by indirect effects that operate over long time scales (decades to millennia), including both biotic (e.g. plant cover) and abiotic (e.g. soil OC and pH). If these factors are in fact more important than short-term effects of precipitation on N transformation rates, then we might expect to observe a lagged decrease in N availability in response to increasing aridity. Nevertheless, our results suggest that the increase in aridity predicted with ongoing climate change will reduce N availability in the Mediterranean basin, impacting plant nutrient uptake and net primary production in semiarid grasslands throughout this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Departamento Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.
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Rey-Raap N, Gallardo A. Removal of mercury bonded in residual glass from spent fluorescent lamps. J Environ Manage 2013; 115:175-178. [PMID: 23262405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The current technologies available for recycling fluorescent lamps do not completely remove the phosphor powder attached to the surface of the glass. Consequently, the glass contains the mercury diffused through the glass matrix and the mercury deposited in the phosphor powder that has not been removed during treatment at the recycling plant. A low-cost process, with just one stage, which can be used to remove the layer of phosphor powder attached to the surface of the glass and its mercury was studied. Several stirring tests were performed with different extraction mixtures, different liquid-solid ratios, and different agitation times. The value of the initial mercury concentration of the residual glass was 2.37 ± 0.50 μg/g. The maximum extraction percentage was 68.38%, obtained by stirring for 24 h with a liquid-solid ratio of 10 and using an extraction solution with 5% of an acid mixture prepared with HCl and HNO(3) at a ratio of 3:1 by volume. On an industrial scale the contact time could be reduced to 8 h without significantly lowering the percentage of mercury extracted. In fact, 64% of the mercury was extracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rey-Raap
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Construcción, Universitat Jaume I de Castellón, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
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Mangues R, Céspedes M, Guillén M, Alamo P, López R, Gallardo A, Nuñez P, Cuevas C, Aviles P. 223 Lurbinectedin (PM01183) Synergizes with Gemcitabine in NSCLC, Ovarian and Pancreas Tumor Xenografts. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)72021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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