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Chen SY, Wang CT, Huang TH, Tsai JL, Wang HT, Yen YT, Tseng YL, Wu CL, Chang JM, Shiau AL. Advancing Lung Cancer Treatment with Combined c-Met Promoter-Driven Oncolytic Adenovirus and Rapamycin. Cells 2024; 13:1597. [PMID: 39329778 PMCID: PMC11430802 DOI: 10.3390/cells13181597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains a formidable health challenge due to its high mortality and morbidity rates. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases, with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounting for the remainder. Both NSCLC and SCLC cells express receptor tyrosine kinases, which may be overexpressed or mutated in lung cancer, leading to increased activation. The c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase, crucial for cell transformation and tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis, became the focus of our study. We used an E1B55KD-deleted, replication-selective oncolytic adenovirus (Ad.What), driven by the c-Met promoter, targeting lung cancer cells with c-Met overexpression, thus sparing normal cells. Previous studies have shown the enhanced antitumor efficacy of oncolytic adenoviruses when combined with chemotherapeutic agents. We explored combining rapamycin, a selective mTOR inhibitor with promising clinical trial outcomes for various cancers, with Ad.What. This combination increased infectivity by augmenting the expression of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptors and αV integrin on cancer cells and induced autophagy. Our findings suggest that combining a c-Met promoter-driven oncolytic adenovirus with rapamycin could be an effective lung cancer treatment strategy, offering a targeted approach to exploit lung cancer cells' vulnerabilities, potentially marking a significant advancement in managing this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yao Chen
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Teng Wang
- Tong Yuan Diabetes Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (C.-T.W.); (C.-L.W.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Hsiu Huang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
| | - Jeng-Liang Tsai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Tien Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Yen
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (Y.-T.Y.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Yau-Lin Tseng
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (Y.-T.Y.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Chao-Liang Wu
- Tong Yuan Diabetes Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (C.-T.W.); (C.-L.W.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ming Chang
- Thoracic Division, Department of Surgery, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Li Shiau
- Tong Yuan Diabetes Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (C.-T.W.); (C.-L.W.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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2
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Mathur R, Jha NK, Saini G, Jha SK, Shukla SP, Filipejová Z, Kesari KK, Iqbal D, Nand P, Upadhye VJ, Jha AK, Roychoudhury S, Slama P. Epigenetic factors in breast cancer therapy. Front Genet 2022; 13:886487. [PMID: 36212140 PMCID: PMC9539821 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.886487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are inherited differences in cellular phenotypes, such as cell gene expression alterations, that occur during somatic cell divisions (also, in rare circumstances, in germ line transmission), but no alterations to the DNA sequence are involved. Histone alterations, polycomb/trithorax associated proteins, short non-coding or short RNAs, long non—coding RNAs (lncRNAs), & DNA methylation are just a few biological processes involved in epigenetic events. These various modifications are intricately linked. The transcriptional potential of genes is closely conditioned by epigenetic control, which is crucial in normal growth and development. Epigenetic mechanisms transmit genomic adaptation to an environment, resulting in a specific phenotype. The purpose of this systematic review is to glance at the roles of Estrogen signalling, polycomb/trithorax associated proteins, DNA methylation in breast cancer progression, as well as epigenetic mechanisms in breast cancer therapy, with an emphasis on functionality, regulatory factors, therapeutic value, and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runjhun Mathur
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
- Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Gaurav Saini
- Department of Civil Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Sheo Prasad Shukla
- Department of Civil Engineering, Rajkiya Engineering College, Banda, India
| | - Zita Filipejová
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | | | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parma Nand
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Vijay Jagdish Upadhye
- Center of Research for Development (CR4D), Parul Institute of Applied Sciences (PIAS), Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat
| | - Abhimanyu Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
- *Correspondence: Abhimanyu Kumar Jha, ; Shubhadeep Roychoudhury,
| | - Shubhadeep Roychoudhury
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
- *Correspondence: Abhimanyu Kumar Jha, ; Shubhadeep Roychoudhury,
| | - Petr Slama
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology, and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
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3
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Expression of Concern: Induction of ErbB-3 Expression by α6β4 Integrin Contributes to Tamoxifen Resistance in ERβ1-Negative Breast Carcinomas. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266300. [PMID: 35333896 PMCID: PMC8956156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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4
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Regan JL, Schumacher D, Staudte S, Steffen A, Lesche R, Toedling J, Jourdan T, Haybaeck J, Mumberg D, Henderson D, Győrffy B, Regenbrecht CRA, Keilholz U, Schäfer R, Lange M. RNA sequencing of long-term label-retaining colon cancer stem cells identifies novel regulators of quiescence. iScience 2021; 24:102618. [PMID: 34142064 PMCID: PMC8185225 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent data suggest that therapy-resistant quiescent cancer stem cells (qCSCs) are the source of relapse in colon cancer. Here, using colon cancer patient-derived organoids and xenografts, we identify rare long-term label-retaining qCSCs that can re-enter the cell cycle to generate new tumors. RNA sequencing analyses demonstrated that these cells display the molecular hallmarks of quiescent tissue stem cells, including expression of p53 signaling genes, and are enriched for transcripts common to damage-induced quiescent revival stem cells of the regenerating intestine. In addition, we identify negative regulators of cell cycle, downstream of p53, that we show are indicators of poor prognosis and may be targeted for qCSC abolition in both p53 wild-type and mutant tumors. These data support the temporal inhibition of downstream targets of p53 signaling, in combination with standard-of-care treatments, for the elimination of qCSCs and prevention of relapse in colon cancer. Colon tumors contain therapy-resistant quiescent cancer stem cells (qCSCs) qCSC gene expression mirrors that of quiescent stem cells of the regenerating gut qCSCs are enriched for p53 signaling genes qCSC elimination may be achieved by inhibiting downstream targets of p53 signaling
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Regan
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany.,Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Schumacher
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Staudte
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Lesche
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany.,Nuvisan ICB GmbH, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joern Toedling
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany.,Nuvisan ICB GmbH, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thibaud Jourdan
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Dominik Mumberg
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Henderson
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.,TTK Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christian R A Regenbrecht
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,CELLphenomics GmbH, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keilholz
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhold Schäfer
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Lange
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany.,Nuvisan ICB GmbH, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Mavingire N, Campbell P, Wooten J, Aja J, Davis MB, Loaiza-Perez A, Brantley E. Cancer stem cells: Culprits in endocrine resistance and racial disparities in breast cancer outcomes. Cancer Lett 2020; 500:64-74. [PMID: 33309858 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) promote endocrine therapy (ET) resistance, also known as endocrine resistance in hormone receptor (HR) positive breast cancer. Endocrine resistance occurs via mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. In vitro, in vivo and clinical data suggest that signaling cascades such as Notch, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), and integrin/Akt promote BCSC-mediated endocrine resistance. Once HR positive breast cancer patients relapse on ET, targeted therapy agents such as cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors are frequently implemented, though secondary resistance remains a threat. Here, we discuss Notch, HIF, and integrin/Akt pathway regulation of BCSC activity and potential strategies to target these pathways to counteract endocrine resistance. We also discuss a plausible link between elevated BCSC-regulatory gene levels and reduced survival observed among African American women with basal-like breast cancer which lacks HR expression. Should future studies reveal a similar link for patients with luminal breast cancer, then the use of agents that impede BCSC activity could prove highly effective in improving clinical outcomes among African American breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Mavingire
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University Health School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| | - Petreena Campbell
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University Health School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| | - Jonathan Wooten
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University Health School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University Health School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| | - Joyce Aja
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
| | - Melissa B Davis
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital Network, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Andrea Loaiza-Perez
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo (IOAHR), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Área Investigación, Av. San Martin, 5481, C1417 DTB Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Eileen Brantley
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University Health School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University Health School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University Health School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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6
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Panda M, Biswal BK. Cell signaling and cancer: a mechanistic insight into drug resistance. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5645-5659. [PMID: 31280421 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04958-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major setback for advanced therapeutics in multiple cancers. The increasing prevalence of this resistance is a growing concern and bitter headache for the researchers since a decade. Hence, it is essential to revalidate the existing strategies available for cancer treatment and to look after a novel therapeutic approach for target based killing of cancer cells at the genetic level. This review outlines the different mechanisms enabling resistance including drug efflux, drug target alternation, alternative splicing, the release of the extracellular vesicle, tumor heterogeneity, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor microenvironment, the secondary mutation in the receptor, epigenetic alternation, heterodimerization of receptors, amplification of target and amplification of components rather than the target. Furthermore, existing evidence and the role of various signaling pathways like EGFR, Ras, PI3K/Akt, Wnt, Notch, TGF-β, Integrin-ECM signaling in drug resistance are explained. Lastly, the prevention of this resistance by a contemporary therapeutic strategy, i.e., a combination of specific signaling pathway inhibitors and the cocktail of a cancer drug is summarized showing the new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munmun Panda
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Sundargarh, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Bijesh K Biswal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Sundargarh, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
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7
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Loria R, Laquintana V, Bon G, Trisciuoglio D, Frapolli R, Covello R, Amoreo CA, Ferraresi V, Zoccali C, Novello M, Del Bufalo D, Milella M, Biagini R, D'Incalci M, Falcioni R. HMGA1/E2F1 axis and NFkB pathways regulate LPS progression and trabectedin resistance. Oncogene 2018; 37:5926-5938. [PMID: 29980789 PMCID: PMC6224401 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0394-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although the medical treatments of sarcoma have evolved in the last years, a significant portion of patients develops recurrence after therapies suggesting the need to identify novel targets to improve the treatments. By the use of patient-derived and established cell lines from liposarcoma, as well as specimens from patient biopsies, we found that HMGA1 is involved in the progression of dedifferentiated and myxoid liposarcoma. The immunohistochemical and RT-PCR analyses of 68 liposarcoma specimens revealed a significant high expression of HMGA1, at the protein and RNA levels, both in myxoid and dedifferentiated liposarcoma subtypes compared with differentiated ones. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments by HMGA1-specific depletion and overexpression in dedifferentiated and myxoid liposarcoma cells showed the contribution of this oncogenic factor in cell proliferation, motility, invasion, and drug resistance. The in vitro and in vivo treatment of myxoid liposarcoma with trabectedin, a drug with a potent anti-tumor activity, revealed downregulation of HMGA1, E2F1, and its-downstream targets, vimentin and ZEB1, indicating a critical role of trabectedin in inhibiting the mesenchymal markers of these tumors through the HMGA1/E2F1 axis. These data were also confirmed in patients’ tumor biopsies being HMGA1, E2F1, and vimentin expression significantly reduced upon trabectedin therapy, administered as neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Furthermore, trabectedin treatment inhibits in vitro NFkB pathway in mixoyd liposarcoma sensitive but not in resistant counterparts, and the inhibition of NFkB pathway re-sensitizes the resistant cells to trabectedin treatment. These data support the rational for combining NFkB inhibitors with trabectedin in liposarcoma patients, who have become resistant to the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Loria
- Cellular Network and Molecular Therapeutic Target Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Roma, Italy
| | - Valentina Laquintana
- Cellular Network and Molecular Therapeutic Target Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Roma, Italy
| | - Giulia Bon
- Cellular Network and Molecular Therapeutic Target Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Roma, Italy
| | - Daniela Trisciuoglio
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Roma, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR National Research Council, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Frapolli
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, Milan, Italy
| | - Renato Covello
- Pathology Unit, Department of Research Advanced Diagnostic and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Roma, Italy
| | - Carla Azzurra Amoreo
- Pathology Unit, Department of Research Advanced Diagnostic and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Roma, Italy
| | - Virginia Ferraresi
- Medical Oncology A, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Roma, Italy
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Roma, Italy
| | - Mariangela Novello
- Pathology Unit, Department of Research Advanced Diagnostic and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Roma, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Roma, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- Medical Oncology A, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Biagini
- Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Roma, Italy
| | - Maurizio D'Incalci
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Falcioni
- Cellular Network and Molecular Therapeutic Target Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Roma, Italy.
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8
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Vert A, Castro J, Ribó M, Vilanova M, Benito A. Transcriptional profiling of NCI/ADR-RES cells unveils a complex network of signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms of drug resistance. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:221-237. [PMID: 29379303 PMCID: PMC5757493 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s154378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among all the gynecological cancers. This is mostly due to the resistance of ovarian cancer to current chemotherapy regimens. Therefore, it is of crucial importance to identify the molecular mechanisms associated with chemoresistance. Methods NCI/ADR-RES is a multidrug-resistant cell line that is a model for the study of drug resistance in ovarian cancer. We carried out a microarray-derived transcriptional profiling analysis of NCI/ADR-RES to identify differentially expressed genes relative to its parental OVCAR-8. Results Gene-expression profiling has allowed the identification of genes and pathways that may be important for the development of drug resistance in ovarian cancer. The NCI/ADR-RES cell line has differential expression of genes involved in drug extrusion, inactivation, and efficacy, as well as genes involved in the architectural and functional reorganization of the extracellular matrix. These genes are controlled through different signaling pathways, including MAPK–Akt, Wnt, and Notch. Conclusion Our findings highlight the importance of using orthogonal therapies that target completely independent pathways to overcome mechanisms of resistance to both classical chemotherapeutic agents and molecularly targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vert
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat de Girona.,Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IDIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Jessica Castro
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat de Girona.,Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IDIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Ribó
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat de Girona.,Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IDIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Maria Vilanova
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat de Girona.,Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IDIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Antoni Benito
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat de Girona.,Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IDIBGi), Girona, Spain
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9
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Osada T, Morse MA, Hobeika A, Diniz MA, Gwin WR, Hartman Z, Wei J, Guo H, Yang XY, Liu CX, Kaneko K, Broadwater G, Lyerly HK. Vaccination targeting human HER3 alters the phenotype of infiltrating T cells and responses to immune checkpoint inhibition. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1315495. [PMID: 28680745 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1315495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of human epidermal growth factor family member 3 (HER3), a critical heterodimerization partner with EGFR and HER2, promotes more aggressive biology in breast and other epithelial malignancies. As such, inhibiting HER3 could have broad applicability to the treatment of EGFR- and HER2-driven tumors. Although lack of a functional kinase domain limits the use of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, HER3 contains antigenic targets for T cells and antibodies. Using novel human HER3 transgenic mouse models of breast cancer, we demonstrate that immunization with recombinant adenoviral vectors encoding full length human HER3 (Ad-HER3-FL) induces HER3-specific T cells and antibodies, alters the T cell infiltrate in tumors, and influences responses to immune checkpoint inhibitions. Both preventative and therapeutic Ad-HER3-FL immunization delayed tumor growth but were associated with both intratumoral PD-1 expressing CD8+ T cells and regulatory CD4+ T cell infiltrates. Immune checkpoint inhibition with either anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies increased intratumoral CD8+ T cell infiltration and eliminated tumor following preventive vaccination with Ad-HER3-FL vaccine. The combination of dual PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA4 blockade slowed the growth of tumor in response to Ad-HER3-FL in the therapeutic model. We conclude that HER3-targeting vaccines activate HER3-specific T cells and induce anti-HER3 specific antibodies, which alters the intratumoral T cell infiltrate and responses to immune checkpoint inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Osada
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael A Morse
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amy Hobeika
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marcio A Diniz
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William R Gwin
- Tumor Vaccine Group, Center for Translational Medicine in Women's Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zachary Hartman
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Junping Wei
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hongtao Guo
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiao-Yi Yang
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cong-Xiao Liu
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kensuke Kaneko
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gloria Broadwater
- Duke University, Division of Biostatistics Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - H Kim Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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10
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Levine RM, Kokkoli E. Dual-ligand α5β1 and α6β4 integrin targeting enhances gene delivery and selectivity to cancer cells. J Control Release 2017; 251:24-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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The opposing roles of laminin-binding integrins in cancer. Matrix Biol 2017; 57-58:213-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Bon G, Loria R, Amoreo CA, Verdina A, Sperduti I, Mastrofrancesco A, Soddu S, Diodoro MG, Mottolese M, Todaro M, Stassi G, Milella M, De Maria R, Falcioni R. Dual targeting of HER3 and MEK may overcome HER3-dependent drug-resistance of colon cancers. Oncotarget 2016; 8:108463-108479. [PMID: 29312543 PMCID: PMC5752456 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the medical treatment of colorectal cancer has evolved greatly in the last years, a significant portion of early-stage patients develops recurrence after therapies. The current clinical trials are directed to evaluate new drug combinations and treatment schedules. By the use of patient-derived or established colon cancer cell lines, we found that the tyrosine kinase receptor HER3 is involved in the mechanisms of resistance to therapies. In agreement, the immunohistochemical analysis of total and phospho-HER3 expression in 185 colorectal cancer specimens revealed a significant correlation with lower disease-free survival. Targeting HER3 by the use of the monoclonal antibody patritumab we found induction of growth arrest in all cell lines. Despite the high efficiency of patritumab in abrogating the HER3-dependent activation of PI3K pathway, the HER2 and EGFR-dependent MAPK pathway is activated as a compensatory mechanism. Interestingly, we found that the MEK-inhibitor trametinib inhibits, as expected, the MAPK pathway but induces the HER3-dependent activation of PI3K pathway. The combined treatment results in the abrogation of both PI3K and MAPK pathways and in a significant reduction of cell proliferation and survival. These data suggest a new strategy of therapy for HER3-overexpressing colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bon
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Loria
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Azzurra Amoreo
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Verdina
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Sperduti
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Mastrofrancesco
- Physiopathology Laboratory of Skin, IRCCS San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Soddu
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Diodoro
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Mottolese
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Matilde Todaro
- Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rita Falcioni
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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Heiler S, Wang Z, Zöller M. Pancreatic cancer stem cell markers and exosomes - the incentive push. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5971-6007. [PMID: 27468191 PMCID: PMC4948278 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i26.5971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) has the highest death rate and incidence is increasing. Poor prognosis is due to late diagnosis and early metastatic spread, which is ascribed to a minor population of so called cancer stem cells (CSC) within the mass of the primary tumor. CSC are defined by biological features, which they share with adult stem cells like longevity, rare cell division, the capacity for self renewal, differentiation, drug resistance and the requirement for a niche. CSC can also be identified by sets of markers, which for pancreatic CSC (Pa-CSC) include CD44v6, c-Met, Tspan8, alpha6beta4, CXCR4, CD133, EpCAM and claudin7. The functional relevance of CSC markers is still disputed. We hypothesize that Pa-CSC markers play a decisive role in tumor progression. This is fostered by the location in glycolipid-enriched membrane domains, which function as signaling platform and support connectivity of the individual Pa-CSC markers. Outside-in signaling supports apoptosis resistance, stem cell gene expression and tumor suppressor gene repression as well as miRNA transcription and silencing. Pa-CSC markers also contribute to motility and invasiveness. By ligand binding host cells are triggered towards creating a milieu supporting Pa-CSC maintenance. Furthermore, CSC markers contribute to the generation, loading and delivery of exosomes, whereby CSC gain the capacity for a cell-cell contact independent crosstalk with the host and neighboring non-CSC. This allows Pa-CSC exosomes (TEX) to reprogram neighboring non-CSC towards epithelial mesenchymal transition and to stimulate host cells towards preparing a niche for metastasizing tumor cells. Finally, TEX communicate with the matrix to support tumor cell motility, invasion and homing. We will discuss the possibility that CSC markers are the initial trigger for these processes and what is the special contribution of CSC-TEX.
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Sema6A and Mical1 control cell growth and survival of BRAFV600E human melanoma cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:2779-93. [PMID: 25576923 PMCID: PMC4413617 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We used whole genome microarray analysis to identify potential candidate genes with differential expression in BRAFV600E vs NRASQ61R melanoma cells. We selected, for comparison, a peculiar model based on melanoma clones, isolated from a single tumor characterized by mutually exclusive expression of BRAFV600E and NRASQ61R in different cells. This effort led us to identify two genes, SEMA6A and MICAL1, highly expressed in BRAF-mutant vs NRAS-mutant clones. Real-time PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry confirmed preferential expression of Sema6A and Mical1 in BRAFV600E melanoma. Sema6A is a member of the semaphorin family, and it complexes with the plexins to regulate actin cytoskeleton, motility and cell proliferation. Silencing of Sema6A in BRAF-mutant cells caused cytoskeletal remodeling, and loss of stress fibers, that in turn induced cell death. Furthermore, Sema6A depletion caused loss of anchorage-independent growth, inhibition of chemotaxis and invasion. Forced Sema6A overexpression, in NRASQ61R clones, induced anchorage-independent growth, and a significant increase of invasiveness. Mical1, that links Sema/PlexinA signaling, is also a negative regulator of apoptosis. Indeed, Mical-1 depletion in BRAF mutant cells restored MST-1-dependent NDR phosphorylation and promoted a rapid and massive NDR-dependent apoptosis. Overall, our data suggest that Sema6A and Mical1 may represent new potential therapeutic targets in BRAFV600E melanoma.
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Wang H, Jin H, Rapraeger AC. Syndecan-1 and Syndecan-4 Capture Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family Members and the α3β1 Integrin Via Binding Sites in Their Ectodomains: NOVEL SYNSTATINS PREVENT KINASE CAPTURE AND INHIBIT α6β4-INTEGRIN-DEPENDENT EPITHELIAL CELL MOTILITY. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:26103-13. [PMID: 26350464 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.679084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The α6β4 integrin is known to associate with receptor tyrosine kinases when engaged in epithelial wound healing and in carcinoma invasion and survival. Prior work has shown that HER2 associates with α6β4 integrin and syndecan-1 (Sdc1), in which Sdc1 engages the cytoplasmic domain of the β4 integrin subunit allowing HER2-dependent motility and carcinoma cell survival. In contrast, EGFR associates with Sdc4 and the α6β4 integrin, and EGFR-dependent motility depends on cytoplasmic engagement of β4 integrin with Sdc4. However, how HER2 and EGFR assimilate into a complex with the syndecans and integrin, and why kinase capture is syndecan-specific has remained unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that HER2 is captured via a site, comprised of amino acids 210-240, in the extracellular domain of human Sdc1, and EGFR is captured via an extracellular site comprised of amino acids 87-131 in human Sdc4. Binding assays using purified recombinant proteins demonstrate that the interaction between the EGFR family members and the syndecans is direct. The α3β1 integrin, which is responsible for the motility of the cells, is captured at these sites as well. Peptides based on the interaction motifs in Sdc1 and Sdc4, called synstatins (SSTN210-240 and SSTN87-131) competitively displace the receptor tyrosine kinase and α3β1 integrin from the syndecan with an IC50 of 100-300 nm. The syndecans remain anchored to the α6β4 integrin via its cytoplasmic domain, but the activation of cell motility is disrupted. These novel SSTN peptides are potential therapeutics for carcinomas that depend on these HER2- and EGFR-coupled mechanisms for their invasion and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alan C Rapraeger
- From the Department of Human Oncology and the University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
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Clinical significance of the integrin α6β4 in human malignancies. J Transl Med 2015; 95:976-86. [PMID: 26121317 PMCID: PMC4554527 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin α6β4 is a cellular adhesion molecule that binds to laminins in the extracellular matrix and nucleates the formation of hemidesmosomes. During carcinoma progression, integrin α6β4 is released from hemidesmosomes, where it can then signal to facilitate multiple aspects of tumor progression including sustaining proliferative signaling, tumor invasion and metastasis, evasion of apoptosis, and stimulation of angiogenesis. The integrin achieves these ends by cooperating with growth factor receptors including EGFR, ErbB-2, and c-Met to amplify downstream pathways such as PI3K, AKT, MAPK, and the Rho family small GTPases. Furthermore, it dramatically alters the transcriptome toward a more invasive phenotype by controlling promoter DNA demethylation of invasion and metastasis-associated proteins, such as S100A4 and autotaxin, and upregulates and activates key tumor-promoting transcription factors such as the NFATs and NF-κB. Expression of integrin α6β4 has been studied in many human malignancies where its overexpression is associated with aggressive behavior and a poor prognosis. This review provides an assessment of integrin α6β4 expression patterns and their prognostic significance in human malignancies, and describes key signaling functions of integrin α6β4 that contribute to tumor progression.
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Nisticò P, Di Modugno F, Spada S, Bissell MJ. β1 and β4 integrins: from breast development to clinical practice. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 16:459. [PMID: 25606594 PMCID: PMC4384274 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a highly dynamic and complex dialogue between the epithelium and the surrounding microenvironment, the mammary gland develops into a branching structure during puberty, buds during pregnancy, forms intricate polar acini during lactation and, once the babies are weaned, remodels and involutes. At every stage of menstrual and pregnancy cycles, interactions between the cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) and homotypic and heterotypic cell–cell interactions give rise to the architecture and function of the gland at that junction. These orchestrated programs would not be possible without the important role of the ECM receptors, integrins being the prime examples. The ECM–integrin axis regulates many crucial cellular functions including survival, migration and quiescence; the imbalance in any of these processes could contribute to oncogenesis. In this review we spotlight the involvement of two prominent integrin subunits, β1 and β4 integrins, in cross-talk with tyrosine kinase receptors, and we discuss the roles of these integrin subunits in the biology of normal breast differentiation and as potential prognostic and therapeutic targets in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Nisticò
- Laboratory of Immunology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy.
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18
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Gee JMW, Nicholson RI, Barrow D, Dutkowski CM, Goddard L, Jordan NJ, McClelland RA, Knowlden JM, Francies HE, Hiscox SE, Hutcheson IR. Antihormone induced compensatory signalling in breast cancer: an adverse event in the development of endocrine resistance. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 5:67-77. [PMID: 25961242 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci.2011.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Using MCF7 breast cancer cells, it has been shown that antihormones promote expression/activity of oestrogen-repressed tyrosine kinases, notably EGFR, HER2 and Src. These inductive events confer responsiveness to targeted inhibitors (e.g., gefitinib, trastuzumab, saracatinib). We observed that these antihormone-induced phenomena are common to ER+HER2- and ER+HER2+ breast cancer models in vitro, where targeting of EGFR, HER2 or Src alongside antihormone improves antitumour response and delays/prevents endocrine resistance. Such targeted inhibitors also subvert acquired endocrine resistant cells which retain increased EGFR, HER2 and Src (e.g., TAMR and FASR models derived after 6-12 months of tamoxifen or Faslodex treatment). Thus, antihormone-induced tyrosine kinases comprise "compensatory signalling" crucial in limiting maximal initial antihormone response and subsequently driving acquired resistance in vitro. However, despite such convincing preclinical findings from our group and others, clinical trials examining equivalent antigrowth factor strategies have proved relatively disappointing. Our new studies deciphering underlying causes reveal that further antihormone-promoted events could be pivotal in vivo. Firstly, Faslodex induces HER3 and HER4 which sensitise ER+ cells to heregulin, a paracrine growth factor that overcomes endocrine response and diminishes antitumour effect of agents targeting EGFR, HER2 or Src alongside antihormone. Secondly, extended antihormone exposure (experienced by ER+ cells prior to adjuvant clinical relapse) can "reprogramme" the compensatory kinase profile in vitro, hindering candidate antigrowth factor targeting of endocrine resistance. Faslodex resistant cells maintained with this antihormone for 3 years in vitro lose EGFR/HER2 dependency, gaining alternative mitogenic/invasion kinases. Deciphering these previously unrecognised antihormone-induced events could provide superior treatments to control endocrine relapse in the clinic.
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20
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Wang H, Jin H, Beauvais DM, Rapraeger AC. Cytoplasmic domain interactions of syndecan-1 and syndecan-4 with α6β4 integrin mediate human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER1 and HER2)-dependent motility and survival. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:30318-30332. [PMID: 25202019 PMCID: PMC4215216 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.586438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells are highly dependent during wound healing and tumorigenesis on the α6β4 integrin and its association with receptor tyrosine kinases. Previous work showed that phosphorylation of the β4 subunit upon matrix engagement depends on the matrix receptor syndecan (Sdc)-1 engaging the cytoplasmic domain of the β4 integrin and coupling of the integrin to human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2). In this study, HER2-dependent migration activated by matrix engagement is compared with migration stimulated by EGF. We find that whereas HER2-dependent migration depends on Sdc1, EGF-dependent migration depends on a complex consisting of human epidermal growth factor receptor-1 (HER1, commonly known as EGFR), α6β4, and Sdc4. The two syndecans recognize distinct sites at the extreme C terminus of the β4 integrin cytoplasmic domain. The binding motif in Sdc1 is QEEXYX, composed in part by its syndecan-specific variable (V) region and in part by the second conserved (C2) region that it shares with other syndecans. A cell-penetrating peptide containing this sequence competes for HER2-dependent epithelial migration and carcinoma survival, although it is without effect on the EGFR-stimulated mechanism. β4 mutants bearing mutations specific for Sdc1 and Sdc4 recognition act as dominant negative mutants to block cell spreading or cell migration that depends on HER2 or EGFR, respectively. The interaction of the α6β4 integrin with the syndecans appears critical for it to be utilized as a signaling platform; migration depends on α3β1 integrin binding to laminin 332 (LN332; also known as laminin 5), whereas antibodies that block α6β4 binding are without effect. These findings indicate that specific syndecan family members are likely to have key roles in α6β4 integrin activation by receptor tyrosine kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyao Wang
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Haining Jin
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - DeannaLee M Beauvais
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Alan C Rapraeger
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705; Carbone Cancer Center, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705.
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21
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Dittmer J, Leyh B. The impact of tumor stroma on drug response in breast cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 31:3-15. [PMID: 24912116 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades the breast cancer mortality rate has steadily declined, in part, due to the availability of better treatment options. However, drug resistance still remains a major challenge. Resistance can be an inherent feature of breast cancer cells, but can also arise from the tumor microenvironment. This review aims to focus on the modulatory effect of the tumor microenvironment on the differing response of breast cancer subtypes to targeted drugs and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Dittmer
- Clinic for Gynecology, University of Halle, Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Leyh
- Clinic for Gynecology, University of Halle, Halle/Saale, Germany
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22
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Bartlett JMS, Brookes CL, Piper T, van de Velde CJH, Stocken D, Lyttle N, Hasenburg A, Quintayo MA, Kieback DG, Putter H, Markopoulos C, Kranenbarg EMK, Mallon EA, Dirix LY, Seynaeve C, Rea DW. Do type 1 receptor tyrosine kinases inform treatment choice? A prospectively planned analysis of the TEAM trial. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:2453-61. [PMID: 24091623 PMCID: PMC3817340 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptors contribute to breast cancer relapse during endocrine therapy. Substitution of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) may improve outcomes in HER-positive cancers. METHODS Tissue microarrays were constructed. Quantitative analysis of HER1, HER2, and HER3 was performed. Data were analysed relative to disease-free survival and treatment using outcomes at 2.75 and 6.5 years. RESULTS Among 4541 eligible samples, 4225 (93%) had complete HER1-3 data. Overall, 5% were HER1-positive, 13% HER2-positive, and 21% HER3-positive; 32% (n=1351) overexpressed at least one HER receptor. In the HER1-3-negative subgroup, the hazard ratio (HR) for upfront exemestane vs tamoxifen at 2.75 years was 0.67 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.52-0.87), in the HER1-3-positive subgroup, the HR was 1.15 (95% CI, 0.85-1.56). A prospectively planned treatment-by-marker analysis demonstrated a significant interaction between HER1-3 and treatment at 2.75 years (HR=0.58; 95% CI, 0.39-0.87; P=0.008), as confirmed by multivariate regression analysis adjusting for prognostic factors (HR=0.55; 95% CI, 0.36-0.85; P=0.005). This effect was time dependent. CONCLUSION In the 2.75 years prior to switching patients initially treated with tamoxifen to exemestane, a significant treatment-by-marker effect exists between AI/tamoxifen treatment and HER1-3 expression, suggesting HER expression could be used to select appropriate endocrine treatment at diagnosis to prevent or delay early relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M S Bartlett
- Transformative Pathology, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada M5G 0A3
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - C L Brookes
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - T Piper
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | | | - D Stocken
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - N Lyttle
- Transformative Pathology, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada M5G 0A3
| | - A Hasenburg
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital, Freiburg D-79106, Germany
| | - M A Quintayo
- Transformative Pathology, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada M5G 0A3
| | - D G Kieback
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Elblandklinikum, Riesa 01589, Germany
| | - H Putter
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - C Markopoulos
- Department of Surgery, Athens University Medical School, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - E M-K Kranenbarg
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - E A Mallon
- Department of Pathology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, UK
| | - L Y Dirix
- Oncology Center, St Augustinus, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - C Seynaeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC-Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam 3075EA, The Netherlands
| | - D W Rea
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
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Werner S, Frey S, Riethdorf S, Schulze C, Alawi M, Kling L, Vafaizadeh V, Sauter G, Terracciano L, Schumacher U, Pantel K, Assmann V. Dual roles of the transcription factor grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2) in breast cancer. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:22993-3008. [PMID: 23814079 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.456293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a retrovirus-mediated cDNA expression cloning approach, we identified the grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2) transcription factor as novel protooncogene. Overexpression of GRHL2 in NIH3T3 cells induced striking morphological changes, an increase in cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and tumor growth in vivo. By combining a microarray analysis and a phylogenetic footprinting analysis with various biochemical assays, we identified the epidermal growth factor receptor family member Erbb3 as a novel GRHL2 target gene. In breast cancer cell lines, shRNA-mediated knockdown of GRHL2 expression or functional inactivation of GRHL2 using dominant negative GRHL2 proteins induces down-regulation of ERBB3 gene expression, a striking reduction in cell proliferation, and morphological and phenotypical alterations characteristic of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), thus implying contradictory roles of GRHL2 in breast carcinogenesis. Interestingly, we could further demonstrate that expression of GRHL2 is directly suppressed by the transcription factor zinc finger enhancer-binding protein 1 (ZEB1), which in turn is a direct target for repression by GRHL2, suggesting that the EMT transcription factors GRHL2 and ZEB1 form a double negative regulatory feedback loop in breast cancer cells. Finally, a comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis of GRHL2 expression in primary breast cancers showed loss of GRHL2 expression at the invasive front of primary tumors. A pathophysiological relevance of GRHL2 in breast cancer metastasis is further demonstrated by our finding of a statistically significant association between loss of GRHL2 expression in primary breast cancers and lymph node metastasis. We thus demonstrate a crucial role of GRHL2 in breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Werner
- Department of Tumor Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Experimental Virology, Virus Genomics, Hamburg, Germany
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Scartozzi M, Giampieri R, Loretelli C, Mandolesi A, del Prete M, Biagetti S, Alfonsi S, Faloppi L, Bianconi M, Bittoni A, Bearzi I, Cascinu S. Role of β4 integrin in HER-3-negative, K-RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal tumors receiving cetuximab. Future Oncol 2013; 9:1207-14. [PMID: 23617461 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Altered α6β4 integrin expression has been demonstrated in HER-3-negative tumors and may be responsible for anti-HER treatment resistance. The current study aimed to evaluate the interaction between polymorphisms of α6 and β4 integrins and clinical outcome in HER-3-negative, K-RAS wild-type colorectal cancer patients receiving cetuximab. PATIENTS & METHODS K-RAS analysis was performed via direct sequencing, HER-3 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and genotyping of α6 and β4 integrins was performed by real-time PCR. RESULTS An univariate analysis, the β4 rs8669, rs871443 and rs9367 polymorphisms correlated with progression-free and overall survival. On multivariate analysis, only the β4 rs8669 maintained an independent role in influencing progression-free survival. CONCLUSION We believe that β4 rs8669 genotyping may help to identify a subgroup of HER-3-negative, K-RAS wild-type colorectal cancer patients who are more likely to benefit from anti-EGFR treatment. Our findings could also be relevant in planning future trials testing treatment strategies against the integrin-activated molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Scartozzi
- Clinica di Oncologia Medica, AO Ospedali Riuniti-Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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25
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Folgiero V, Di Carlo SE, Bon G, Spugnini EP, Di Benedetto A, Germoni S, Pia Gentileschi M, Accardo A, Milella M, Morelli G, Bossi G, Mottolese M, Falcioni R. Inhibition of p85, the non-catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, exerts potent antitumor activity in human breast cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e440. [PMID: 23222510 PMCID: PMC3542615 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are heterodimers consisting of the catalytic subunit p110 and the regulatory subunit p85. The PI3K/Akt pathway is strongly deregulated in breast cancer (BC) representing one of the mechanisms of resistance to therapies. Therefore, the identification of inhibitors of PI3K components represents one of the main goals to produce therapeutic agents. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of a phosphopeptide 1257 (P-1257) that targeting p85 strongly inhibits PI3K activity. We tested the effects of P-1257 administration in vitro and in vivo using BC cells expressing different levels of ErbB-2 and resistant or responsive to Trastuzumab. We demonstrated that inhibition of p85 activity by P-1257 induces cell death and sensitizes JIMT-1 and KPL-4 ErbB-2-overexpressing BC cells to Trastuzumab treatment. It is noteworthy that P-1257 delivery in vivo by electroporation or liposomes significantly inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells engrafted at subcutaneous and visceral sites. Overall, our data indicate that the p85 subunit is a valid target for therapeutic approaches and suggest that the structure of the peptide used in our study could be utilized for the development of novel drugs to apply in combination with therapies that fail to cure BCs with high PI3K activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Folgiero
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Regina National Elena Cancer Institute, Via delle Messi d'Oro 156, Rome, Italy.
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Beelen K, Zwart W, Linn SC. Can predictive biomarkers in breast cancer guide adjuvant endocrine therapy? Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2012; 9:529-41. [PMID: 22825374 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2012.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Personalized medicine for oestrogen receptor-α (ERα)-positive breast cancer requires predictive biomarkers for broad endocrine resistance as well as biomarkers capable of predicting resistance to a specific agent. In addition, biomarkers could be used to select patients that might benefit from the addition of treatments that do not target ERα. However, biomarker identification studies seem to be far from consistent and identified biomarkers seldom face an introduction into clinical practice. Importantly, most of the studies that seek to identify biomarkers have been performed using material from consecutive series of patients treated with tamoxifen (the most commonly prescribed ERα antagonist). Consequently, the predictive value of any biomarker identified is confounded by its prognostic value. Another important issue is the lack of differentiation between premenopausal and postmenopausal patients with breast cancer. The hormonal environment of a tumour in patients who are premenopausal is intrinsically distinct from those arising in postmenopausal women. Biomarkers of different biological mechanisms might enable the prediction of either broad endocrine resistance or resistance to a specific agent in each of these patient subtypes. Ultimately, improvements to study design are needed to establish the clinical validity of the most promising biomarkers to predict benefit from endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Beelen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Håkanson M, Kobel S, Lutolf MP, Textor M, Cukierman E, Charnley M. Controlled breast cancer microarrays for the deconvolution of cellular multilayering and density effects upon drug responses. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40141. [PMID: 22792141 PMCID: PMC3387021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence shows that the cancer microenvironment affects both tumorigenesis and the response of cancer to drug treatment. Therefore in vitro models that selectively reflect characteristics of the in vivo environment are greatly needed. Current methods allow us to screen the effect of extrinsic parameters such as matrix composition and to model the complex and three-dimensional (3D) cancer environment. However, 3D models that reflect characteristics of the in vivo environment are typically too complex and do not allow the separation of discrete extrinsic parameters. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study we used a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel-based microwell array to model breast cancer cell behavior in multilayer cell clusters that allows a rigorous control of the environment. The innovative array fabrication enables different matrix proteins to be integrated into the bottom surface of microwells. Thereby, extrinsic parameters including dimensionality, type of matrix coating and the extent of cell-cell adhesion could be independently studied. Our results suggest that cell to matrix interactions and increased cell-cell adhesion, at high cell density, induce independent effects on the response to Taxol in multilayer breast cancer cell clusters. In addition, comparing the levels of apoptosis and proliferation revealed that drug resistance mediated by cell-cell adhesion can be related to altered cell cycle regulation. Conversely, the matrix-dependent response to Taxol did not correlate with proliferation changes suggesting that cell death inhibition may be responsible for this effect. Conclusions/Significance The application of the PEG hydrogel platform provided novel insight into the independent role of extrinsic parameters controlling drug response. The presented platform may not only become a useful tool for basic research related to the role of the cancer microenvironment but could also serve as a complementary platform for in vitro drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Håkanson
- BioInterface Group, Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Kobel
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, EPF Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P. Lutolf
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, EPF Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Textor
- BioInterface Group, Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edna Cukierman
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, USA
- * E-mail: (EC); (MC)
| | - Mirren Charnley
- BioInterface Group, Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (EC); (MC)
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Integrin signaling in cancer cell survival and chemoresistance. CHEMOTHERAPY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2012; 2012:283181. [PMID: 22567280 PMCID: PMC3332161 DOI: 10.1155/2012/283181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to apoptosis and chemotherapy is a hallmark of cancer cells, and it is a critical factor in cancer recurrence and patient relapse. Extracellular matrix (ECM) via its receptors, the integrins, has emerged as a major pathway contributing to cancer cell survival and resistance to chemotherapy. Several studies over the last decade have demonstrated that ECM/integrin signaling provides a survival advantage to various cancer cell types against numerous chemotherapeutic drugs and against antibody therapy. In this paper, we will discuss the major findings on how ECM/integrin signaling protects tumor cells from drug-induced apoptosis. We will also discuss the potential role of ECM in malignant T-cell survival and in cancer stem cell resistance. Understanding how integrins and their signaling partners promote tumor cell survival and chemoresistance will likely lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies and agents for cancer treatment.
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Wedel S, Hudak L, Seibel JM, Juengel E, Oppermann E, Haferkamp A, Blaheta RA. Critical analysis of simultaneous blockage of histone deacetylase and multiple receptor tyrosine kinase in the treatment of prostate cancer. Prostate 2011; 71:722-35. [PMID: 20954195 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of molecular tumor targeting might be an innovative option to treat advanced prostate cancer. We analyzed the effect of combining the multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor AEE788 and the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) on adhesion and growth properties of prostate cancer cell lines. METHODS PC-3, DU-145, and LNCaP cells were treated with AEE788, VPA or with an AEE788-VPA combination, and cell cycle progression investigated. Furthermore, tumor cell adhesion to vascular endothelium or to immobilized extracellular matrix proteins was evaluated, and integrin α and β subtypes were analyzed. Finally, effects of drug treatment on cell signaling pathways were determined. RESULTS AEE788 moderately and VPA strongly reduced tumor cell adhesion and growth. VPA impaired cell cycle progression and altered the expression level of the cell cycle regulating proteins cdk1, cdk2, cdk4, cyclin B, D1, cyclin E, p21, and p27. VPA also acted on the membranous, cytoplasmic, and gene expression pattern of various integrin α and β subtypes. AEE788 acted likewise, but more moderately. Combining AEE788 and VPA did not result in an additive anti-tumor effect. Signaling analysis revealed that the EGFr downstream target Akt was similarly modified in the presence of VPA or the VPA-AEE788 combination, but not influenced by AEE788 alone. CONCLUSIONS The AEE788-VPA combination has no advantage over VPA monotreatment in vitro. The non-responsiveness of Akt
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Wedel
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Hutcheson IR, Goddard L, Barrow D, McClelland RA, Francies HE, Knowlden JM, Nicholson RI, Gee JMW. Fulvestrant-induced expression of ErbB3 and ErbB4 receptors sensitizes oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells to heregulin β1. Breast Cancer Res 2011; 13:R29. [PMID: 21396094 PMCID: PMC3219190 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We have previously reported that induction of epidermal growth factor receptor and ErbB2 in response to antihormonal agents may provide an early mechanism to allow breast cancer cells to evade the growth-inhibitory action of such therapies and ultimately drive resistant cell growth. More recently, the other two members of the ErbB receptor family, ErbB3 and ErbB4, have been implicated in antihormone resistance in breast cancer. In the present study, we have investigated whether induction of ErbB3 and/or ErbB4 may provide an alternative resistance mechanism to antihormonal action in a panel of four oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cell lines. Methods MCF-7, T47D, BT474 and MDAMB361 cell lines were exposed to fulvestrant (100 nM) for seven days, and effects on ErbB3/4 expression and signalling, as well as on cell growth, were assessed. Effects of heregulin β1 (HRGβ1) were also examined in the absence and presence of fulvestrant to determine the impact of ER blockade on the capacity of this ErbB3/4 ligand to promote signalling and cell proliferation. Results Fulvestrant potently reduced ER expression and transcriptional activity and significantly inhibited growth in MCF-7, T47D, BT474 and MDAMB361 cells. However, alongside this inhibitory activity, fulvestrant also consistently induced protein expression and activity of ErbB3 in MCF-7 and T47D cells and ErbB4 in BT474 and MDAMB361 cell lines. Consequently, fulvestrant treatment sensitised all cell lines to the actions of the ErbB3/4 ligand HRGβ1 with enhanced ErbB3/4-driven signalling activity, reexpression of cyclin D1 and significant increases in cell proliferation being observed when compared to untreated cells. Indeed, in T47D and MDAMB361 HRGβ1 was converted from a ligand having negligible or suppressive growth activity into one that potently promoted cell proliferation. Consequently, fulvestrant-mediated growth inhibition was completely overridden by HRGβ1 in all four cell lines. Conclusions These findings suggest that although antihormones such as fulvestrant may have potent acute growth-inhibitory activity in ER-positive breast cancer cells, their ability to induce and sensitise cells to growth factors may serve to reduce and ultimately limit their inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain R Hutcheson
- Department of Pharmacology, Radiology & Oncology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
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Combined targeting of the VEGFr/EGFr and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway delays cell cycle progression and alters adhesion behavior of prostate carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2011; 301:17-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
The estrogen receptor (ER) pathway plays a pivotal role in breast cancer development and progression. Endocrine therapy to block the ER pathway is highly effective, but its usefulness is limited by common intrinsic and acquired resistance. Multiple mechanisms responsible for endocrine resistance have been proposed and include deregulation of various components of the ER pathway itself, alterations in cell cycle and cell survival signaling molecules, and the activation of escape pathways that can provide tumors with alternative proliferative and survival stimuli. Among these, increased expression or signaling of growth factor receptor pathways, especially the EGFR/HER2 pathway, has been associated with both experimental and clinical endocrine therapy resistance. New treatment combinations targeting both ER and growth factor receptor signaling to block the crosstalk between these pathways and eliminate escape routes have been proven highly effective in preclinical models. Results of recent clinical studies, while partly supporting this approach, also highlight the need to better identify a priori the patients whose tumors are most likely to benefit from these specific cotargeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kent Osborne
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM 600, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rachel Schiff
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM 600, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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ZNF217, a candidate breast cancer oncogene amplified at 20q13, regulates expression of the ErbB3 receptor tyrosine kinase in breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2010; 29:5500-10. [PMID: 20661224 PMCID: PMC4256946 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying ErbB3 overexpression in breast cancer will facilitate the rational design of therapies to disrupt ErbB2-ErbB3 oncogenic function. Although ErbB3 overexpression is frequently observed in breast cancer, the factors mediating its aberrant expression are poorly understood. In particular, the ErbB3 gene is not significantly amplified, raising the question as to how ErbB3 overexpression is achieved. In this study we showed that the ZNF217 transcription factor, amplified at 20q13 in ∼20% of breast tumors, regulates ErbB3 expression. Analysis of a panel of human breast cancer cell lines (n = 50) and primary human breast tumors (n = 15) showed a strong positive correlation between ZNF217 and ErbB3 expression. Ectopic expression of ZNF217 in human mammary epithelial cells induced ErbB3 expression, whereas ZNF217 silencing in breast cancer cells resulted in decreased ErbB3 expression. Although ZNF217 has previously been linked with transcriptional repression because of its close association with C-terminal-binding protein (CtBP)1/2 repressor complexes, our results show that ZNF217 also activates gene expression. We showed that ZNF217 recruitment to the ErbB3 promoter is CtBP1/2-independent and that ZNF217 and CtBP1/2 have opposite roles in regulating ErbB3 expression. In addition, we identify ErbB3 as one of the mechanisms by which ZNF217 augments PI-3K/Akt signaling.
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Abstract
As small non-coding regulatory RNAs, microRNAs are capable of silencing gene expression by translational repression or mRNA degradation. Accumulating evidence indicates that deregulation of microRNAs is often associated with human malignancies and suggests a causal role of microRNAs in neoplasia, presumably because microRNAs can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Among them, miR-205 is significantly underexpressed in breast tumors compared with matched normal breast tissue although miR-205 has been shown to be upregulated in some other type of tumors. Furthermore, breast cancer cell lines, including MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, express a lower level of miR-205 than the non-malignant MCF-10A cells. Ectopic expression of miR-205 significantly inhibits cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth as well as cell invasion. These findings establish the tumor suppressive role of miR-205, which is probably through direct targeting of oncogenes such as ErbB3 and Zeb1. Therefore, miR-205 may serve as a unique therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Wu
- Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, 825 N. Rutledge, PO Box 19626, Springfield, IL 62794, USA
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Soler M, Mancini F, Meca-Cortés O, Sánchez-Cid L, Rubio N, López-Fernández S, Lozano JJ, Blanco J, Fernández PL, Thomson TM. HER3 is required for the maintenance of neuregulin-dependent and -independent attributes of malignant progression in prostate cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:2565-75. [PMID: 19530240 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
HER3 (ERBB3) is a catalytically inactive pseudokinase of the HER receptor tyrosine kinase family, frequently overexpressed in prostate and other cancers. Aberrant expression and mutations of 2 other members of the family, EGFR and HER2, are key carcinogenic events in several types of tumors, and both are well- validated therapeutic targets. In this study, we show that HER3 is required to maintain the motile and invasive phenotypes of prostate (DU-145) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells in response to the HER3 ligand neuregulin-1 (NRG-1), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fetal bovine serum. Although MCF-7 breast cancer cells appeared to require HER3 as part of an autocrine response induced by EGF and FBS, the response of DU-145 prostate cancer cells to these stimuli, while requiring HER3, did not appear to involve autocrine stimulation of the receptor. DU-145 cells required the expression of HER3 for efficient clonogenicity in vitro in standard growth medium and for tumorigenicity in immunodeficient mice. These observations suggest that prostate cancer cells derived from tumors that overexpress HER3 are dependent on its expression for the maintenance of major attributes of neoplastic aggressiveness, with or without cognate ligand stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Soler
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Barcelona Molecular Biology Institute, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
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36
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Meads MB, Gatenby RA, Dalton WS. Environment-mediated drug resistance: a major contributor to minimal residual disease. Nat Rev Cancer 2009; 9:665-74. [PMID: 19693095 DOI: 10.1038/nrc2714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 661] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Environment-mediated drug resistance is a form of de novo drug resistance that protects tumour cells from the initial effects of diverse therapies. Surviving foci of residual disease can then develop complex and permanent acquired resistance in response to the selective pressure of therapy. Recent evidence indicates that environment-mediated drug resistance arises from an adaptive, reciprocal signalling dialogue between tumour cells and the surrounding microenvironment. We propose that new therapeutic strategies targeting this interaction should be applied during initial treatment to prevent the emergence of acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Meads
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics and Oncologic Sciences, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Florida 33612, USA
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McLarty K, Cornelissen B, Cai Z, Scollard DA, Costantini DL, Done SJ, Reilly RM. Micro-SPECT/CT with 111In-DTPA-pertuzumab sensitively detects trastuzumab-mediated HER2 downregulation and tumor response in athymic mice bearing MDA-MB-361 human breast cancer xenografts. J Nucl Med 2009; 50:1340-8. [PMID: 19617342 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.109.062224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pertuzumab is a HER2 dimerization inhibitor that binds to an epitope unique from that of trastuzumab. Our objective was to determine whether SPECT with (111)In-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-pertuzumab ((111)In-DTPA-pertuzumab) could sensitively detect an early molecular response to trastuzumab manifested by HER2 downregulation and a later tumor response revealed by a decreased number of HER2-positive viable tumor cells. METHODS Changes in HER2 density in SKBr-3 and MDA-MB-361 BC cells exposed to trastuzumab (14 microg/mL) in vitro were measured by saturation binding assays using (111)In-DTPA-pertuzumab and by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled HER2/neu antibodies. Imaging of HER2 downregulation was studied in vivo in athymic mice with subcutaneous MDA-MB-361 tumors treated for 3 d with trastuzumab (4 mg/kg) or nonspecific human IgG (hIgG) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Imaging of tumor response to trastuzumab was studied in mice bearing subcutaneous MDA-MB-361 xenografts treated with trastuzumab (4 mg/kg), followed by weekly doses of nonspecific hIgG or rituximab or PBS (2 mg/kg). Mice were imaged on a micro-SPECT/CT system at 72 h after injection of (111)In-DTPA-pertuzumab. Tumor and normal-tissue biodistribution was determined. RESULTS (111)In-DTPA-pertuzumab saturation binding to SKBr-3 and MDA-MB-361 cells was significantly decreased at 72 h after exposure in vitro to trastuzumab (14 microg/mL), compared with untreated controls (62% +/- 2%, P < 0.0001; 32% +/- 9%, P < 0.0002, respectively). After 3 d of trastuzumab, in vivo tumor uptake of (111)In-DTPA-pertuzumab decreased 2-fold in trastuzumab- versus PBS-treated mice (13.5 +/- 2.6 percentage injected dose per gram [%ID/g] vs. 28.5 +/- 9.1 %ID/g, respectively; P < 0.05). There was also a 2-fold decreased tumor uptake in trastuzumab- versus PBS-treated mice by image volume-of-interest analysis (P = 0.05), suggesting trastuzumab-mediated HER2 downregulation. After 3 wk of trastuzumab, tumor uptake of (111)In-DTPA-pertuzumab decreased 4.5-fold, compared with PBS-treated mice (7.6 +/- 0.4 vs. 34.6 +/- 9.9 %ID/g, respectively; P < 0.001); this decrease was associated with an almost-completed eradication of HER2-positive tumor cells determined immunohistochemically. CONCLUSION (111)In-DTPA-pertuzumab sensitively imaged HER2 downregulation after 3 d of treatment with trastuzumab and detected a reduction in viable HER2-positive tumor cells after 3 wk of therapy in MDA-MB-361 human breast cancer xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin McLarty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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38
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Bon G, Di Carlo SE, Folgiero V, Avetrani P, Lazzari C, D'Orazi G, Brizzi MF, Sacchi A, Soddu S, Blandino G, Mottolese M, Falcioni R. Negative Regulation of β4 Integrin Transcription by Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase 2 and p53 Impairs Tumor Progression. Cancer Res 2009; 69:5978-86. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Schoeberl B, Pace EA, Fitzgerald JB, Harms BD, Xu L, Nie L, Linggi B, Kalra A, Paragas V, Bukhalid R, Grantcharova V, Kohli N, West KA, Leszczyniecka M, Feldhaus MJ, Kudla AJ, Nielsen UB. Therapeutically targeting ErbB3: a key node in ligand-induced activation of the ErbB receptor-PI3K axis. Sci Signal 2009; 2:ra31. [PMID: 19567914 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The signaling network downstream of the ErbB family of receptors has been extensively targeted by cancer therapeutics; however, understanding the relative importance of the different components of the ErbB network is nontrivial. To explore the optimal way to therapeutically inhibit combinatorial, ligand-induced activation of the ErbB-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) axis, we built a computational model of the ErbB signaling network that describes the most effective ErbB ligands, as well as known and previously unidentified ErbB inhibitors. Sensitivity analysis identified ErbB3 as the key node in response to ligands that can bind either ErbB3 or EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor). We describe MM-121, a human monoclonal antibody that halts the growth of tumor xenografts in mice and, consistent with model-simulated inhibitor data, potently inhibits ErbB3 phosphorylation in a manner distinct from that of other ErbB-targeted therapies. MM-121, a previously unidentified anticancer therapeutic designed using a systems approach, promises to benefit patients with combinatorial, ligand-induced activation of the ErbB signaling network that are not effectively treated by current therapies targeting overexpressed or mutated oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Schoeberl
- Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, One Kendall Square, Building 700, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Miller TW, Pérez-Torres M, Narasanna A, Guix M, Stål O, Pérez-Tenorio G, Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Hennessy BT, Mills GB, Kennedy JP, Lindsley CW, Arteaga CL. Loss of Phosphatase and Tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 engages ErbB3 and insulin-like growth factor-I receptor signaling to promote antiestrogen resistance in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2009; 69:4192-201. [PMID: 19435893 PMCID: PMC2724871 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Knockdown of the tumor suppressor phosphatase Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) with shRNA in three estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cell lines resulted in increased phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and AKT activities, resistance to tamoxifen and fulvestrant, and hormone-independent growth. PTEN knockdown induced the up-regulation of ER transcriptional activity in MCF-7 cells but decreased ER protein levels and transcriptional activity in T47D and MDA-361 cells. Tamoxifen and fulvestrant treatment inhibited estradiol-induced ER transcriptional activity in all shPTEN cell lines but did not abrogate the increased cell proliferation induced by PTEN knockdown. PTEN knockdown increased basal and ligand-induced activation of the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and ErbB3 receptor tyrosine kinases, and prolonged the association of the p85 PI3K subunit with the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) effector insulin receptor substrate-1 and with ErbB3, implicating PTEN in the modulation of signaling upstream of PI3K. Consistent with these data, PTEN levels inversely correlated with levels of tyrosine-phosphorylated IGF-IR in tissue lysate arrays of primary breast cancers. Inhibition of IGF-IR and/or ErbB2-mediated activation of ErbB3 with tyrosine kinase inhibitors restored hormone dependence and the growth inhibitory effect of tamoxifen and fulvestrant on shPTEN cells, suggesting that cotargeting both ER and receptor tyrosine kinase pathways holds promise for the treatment of patients with ER+, PTEN-deficient breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd W. Miller
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Marianela Pérez-Torres
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Archana Narasanna
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Marta Guix
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Olle Stål
- Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gizeh Pérez-Tenorio
- Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ana M. Gonzalez-Angulo
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Bryan T. Hennessy
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,Department of Gynecology Medical Oncology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Gordon B. Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - J. Phillip Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Carlos L. Arteaga
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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Abstract
The multicellular nature of metazoans means that all cellular processes need to be tuned by adhesive interactions between cells and their local microenvironment. The spatial organization of cells within tissues requires sophisticated networks of extracellular signals to control their survival and proliferation, movements and positioning, and differentiated function. These cellular characteristics are mediated by multiple inputs from adhesion systems in combination with soluble and developmental signals. In the present review we explore how one class of adhesion receptor, the integrins, co-operate with other types of receptor to control diverse aspects of cell fate. In particular we discuss: (i) how beta3 and beta1 integrins work together with growth factors to control angiogenesis; (ii) how alpha6beta4 integrin co-operates with receptor tyrosine kinases in normal epithelial function and cancer; (iii) the interplay between beta1 integrins and EGF (epidermal growth factor) receptor; (iv) signal integration connecting integrins and cytokine receptors for interleukins, prolactin and interferons; and (v) how integrins and syndecans co-operate in cell migration.
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42
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Somanath PR, Malinin NL, Byzova TV. Cooperation between integrin alphavbeta3 and VEGFR2 in angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2009; 12:177-85. [PMID: 19267251 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-009-9141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cross-talk between receptor tyrosine kinases and integrin receptors are known to be crucial for a number of cellular functions. On endothelial cells, an interaction between integrin alphavbeta3 and VEGFR2 seems to be particularly important process during vascularization. Importantly, the functional association between VEGFR2 and integrin alphavbeta3 is of reciprocal nature since each receptor is able to promote activation of its counterpart. This mutually beneficial relationship regulates a number of cellular activities involved in angiogenesis, including endothelial cell migration, survival and tube formation, and hematopoietic cell functions within vasculature. This article discusses several possible mechanisms reported by different labs which mediate formation of the complex between VEGFR-2 and alphavbeta3 on endothelial cells. The pathological consequences and regulatory events involved in this receptor cross-talk are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payaningal R Somanath
- Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Molecular Cardiology, NB50, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Abstract
The multicellular nature of metazoans means that all cellular processes need to be tuned by adhesive interactions between cells and their local microenvironment. The spatial organization of cells within tissues requires sophisticated networks of extracellular signals to control their survival and proliferation, movements and positioning, and differentiated function. These cellular characteristics are mediated by multiple inputs from adhesion systems in combination with soluble and developmental signals. In the present review we explore how one class of adhesion receptor, the integrins, co-operate with other types of receptor to control diverse aspects of cell fate. In particular we discuss: (i) how β3 and β1 integrins work together with growth factors to control angiogenesis; (ii) how α6β4 integrin co-operates with receptor tyrosine kinases in normal epithelial function and cancer; (iii) the interplay between β1 integrins and EGF (epidermal growth factor) receptor; (iv) signal integration connecting integrins and cytokine receptors for interleukins, prolactin and interferons; and (v) how integrins and syndecans co-operate in cell migration.
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Integrin and growth factor receptor alliance in angiogenesis. Cell Biochem Biophys 2008; 53:53-64. [PMID: 19048411 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-008-9040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A sequence of events in vascular and stromal cells maintained in a highly coordinated manner regulates angiogenesis and tissue remodeling. These processes are mediated by the ability of cells to respond to environmental cues and activate surface integrins. Physiological and pathological processes in vascular biology are dependent on the specificity of important signaling mechanisms that are activated through the association between growth factors, their receptors, integrins, and their specific extracellular matrix ligands. A large body of evidence from in vitro and in vivo models demonstrates the importance of coordination of signals from the extracellular environment that activates specific tyrosine kinase receptors and integrins in order to regulate angiogenic processes in vivo. In addition to complex formation between growth factor receptors and integrins, growth factors and cytokines also directly interact with integrins, depending upon their concentration levels in the environment, and differentially regulate integrin-related processes. Recent studies from a number of laboratories including ours have provided important novel insights into the involvement of many signaling events that improve our existing knowledge on the cross-talk between growth factor receptors and integrins in the regulation of angiogenesis. In this review, our focus will be on updating the recent developments in the field of integrin-growth factor receptor associations and their implications in the vascular processes.
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Novelli F, Milella M, Melucci E, Di Benedetto A, Sperduti I, Perrone-Donnorso R, Perracchio L, Venturo I, Nisticò C, Fabi A, Buglioni S, Natali PG, Mottolese M. A divergent role for estrogen receptor-beta in node-positive and node-negative breast cancer classified according to molecular subtypes: an observational prospective study. Breast Cancer Res 2008; 10:R74. [PMID: 18771580 PMCID: PMC2614505 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Revised: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α) and progesterone receptor (PgR) are consolidated predictors of response to hormonal therapy (HT). In contrast, little information regarding the role of estrogen receptor-beta (ER-β) in various breast cancer risk groups treated with different therapeutic regimens is available. In particular, there are no data concerning ER-β distribution within the novel molecular breast cancer subtypes luminal A (LA) and luminal B (LB), HER2 (HS), and triple-negative (TN). Methods We conducted an observational prospective study using immunohistochemistry to evaluate ER-β expression in 936 breast carcinomas. Associations with conventional biopathological factors and with molecular subtypes were analyzed by multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), while univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis and classification and regression tree analysis were applied to determine the impact of ER-β on disease-free survival in the 728 patients with complete follow-up data. Results ER-β evenly distributes (55.5%) across the four molecular breast cancer subtypes, confirming the lack of correlation between ER-β and classical prognosticators. However, the relationships among the biopathological factors, analyzed by MCA, showed that ER-β positivity is located in the quadrant containing more aggressive phenotypes such as HER2 and TN or ER-α/PgR/Bcl2- tumors. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis identified ER-β as a significant discriminating factor for disease-free survival both in the node-negative LA (P = 0.02) subgroup, where it is predictive of response to HT, and in the node-positive LB (P = 0.04) group, where, in association with PgR negativity, it conveys a higher risk of relapse. Conclusion Our data indicated that, in contrast to node-negative patients, in node-positive breast cancer patients, ER-β positivity appears to be a biomarker related to a more aggressive clinical course. In this context, further investigations are necessary to better assess the role of the different ER-β isophorms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Novelli
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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