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Zhao J, Yoshizumi M. A Comprehensive Retrospective Study on the Mechanisms of Cyclic Mechanical Stretch-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Death Underlying Aortic Dissection and Potential Therapeutics for Preventing Acute Aortic Aneurysm and Associated Ruptures. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2544. [PMID: 38473793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute aortic dissection (AAD) and associated ruptures are the leading causes of death in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Hypertension is a prime risk factor for AAD. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying AAD remain poorly understood. We previously reported that cyclic mechanical stretch (CMS) leads to the death of rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). This review focuses on the mechanisms of CMS-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) death. Moreover, we have also discussed the potential therapeutics for preventing AAD and aneurysm ruptures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Masanori Yoshizumi
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
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2
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Systematic analysis of molecular mechanism of resveratrol for treating pulmonary hypertension based on network pharmacology technology. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 888:173466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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3
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Zhao J, Nakahira K, Kimura A, Kyotani Y, Yoshizumi M. Upregulation of iNOS Protects Cyclic Mechanical Stretch-Induced Cell Death in Rat Aorta Smooth Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8660. [PMID: 33212839 PMCID: PMC7698365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic dissection and aneurysm are associated with abnormal hemodynamic loads originating from hypertension. Our previous study demonstrated that cyclic mechanical stretch (CMS, mimicked hypertension) caused the death of rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) in a mitogen activated-protein kinases (MAPKs)-dependent manner. The current study investigated the effects of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) on CMS-induced RASMC death. cDNA microarrays for CMS-treated RASMCs showed that iNOS expression levels were increased in response to CMS. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis demonstrated that this increase was p38 MAPK (p38)-dependent. NO production was also increased. This increase could be inhibited by p38 and iNOS inhibitors. Thus, CMS-induced iNOS synthesized NO. CMS-induced cell death in RASMCs was increased by the iNOS inhibitor but abrogated by the long-acting NO donor DETA-NONOate. Increased iNOS expression was confirmed in the abdominal aortic constriction mouse model. Signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) was activated in stretched RASMCs, and iNOS expression and NO production were inhibited by the STAT1 inhibitor nifuroxazide. Our findings suggest that RASMCs were protected by iNOS from CMS-stimulated cell death through the STAT1 and p38 signal pathways independently.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/cytology
- Aorta/enzymology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Male
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/biosynthesis
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Stress, Mechanical
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (K.N.); (Y.K.); (M.Y.)
| | - Kiichi Nakahira
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (K.N.); (Y.K.); (M.Y.)
| | - Akihiko Kimura
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan;
| | - Yoji Kyotani
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (K.N.); (Y.K.); (M.Y.)
| | - Masanori Yoshizumi
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (K.N.); (Y.K.); (M.Y.)
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4
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Musicki B, Anele UA, Campbell JD, Karakus S, Shiva S, Silva FH, Burnett AL. Dysregulated NO/PDE5 signaling in the sickle cell mouse lower urinary tract: Reversal by oral nitrate therapy. Life Sci 2019; 238:116922. [PMID: 31634463 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Nitric oxide (NO) has a critical, but not well understood, influence in the physiology of the lower urinary tract. We evaluated the effect of NO/phosphodiesterase (PDE)5 signaling in voiding dysfunction in the sickle cell disease (SCD) mouse, characterized by low NO bioavailability. MAIN METHODS Adult SCD (Sickle) and wild-type (WT) male mice were treated daily with sodium nitrate (10 mM) or vehicle. After 18 days, blood was obtained for nitrite measurement, urethra was collected for organ bath study, and bladder and urethra were collected for Western blot analysis of PDE5 phosphorylation (Ser-92) (activated form). Non-anesthetized mice underwent evaluation of urine volume by void spot assay. eNOS phosphorylation (Ser-1177) and nNOS phosphorylation (Ser-1412) (positive regulatory sites) were evaluated in the bladder and urethra of untreated mice. KEY FINDINGS Sickle mice exhibited decreased eNOS, nNOS, and PDE5 phosphorylation in the bladder and urethra, decreased plasma nitrite levels, increased relaxation of phenylephrine-contracted urethral tissue to an NO donor sodium nitroprusside, and increased total urine volume, compared with WT mice. Nitrate treatment normalized plasma nitrite levels, relaxation of urethra to sodium nitroprusside, PDE5 phosphorylation in the urethra and bladder, and urine volume in Sickle mice. SIGNIFICANCE Derangement in PDE5 activity associated with basally low NO bioavailability in the bladder and urethra contributes to the molecular basis for voiding abnormalities in Sickle mice. Inorganic nitrate supplementation normalized voiding in Sickle mice through mechanisms likely involving upregulation of PDE5 activity. These findings suggest that interventions targeting dysregulatory NO/PDE5 signaling may ameliorate overactive bladder in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Musicki
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Uzoma A Anele
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Campbell
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Serkan Karakus
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Fabio H Silva
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arthur L Burnett
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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5
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Carr D, Lau R, Hnatykiw AD, Ward GCD, Daneshmand M, Cabrita MA, Pratt MAC. cIAP2 Is an Independent Signaling and Survival Factor during Mammary Lactational Involution and Tumorigenesis. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2018; 23:109-123. [PMID: 29876871 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-018-9398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins-1 and -2 (cIAP1/2) are integral to regulation of apoptosis and signaling by the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and related family of receptors. The expression of cIAP2 in tissues is typically low and considered functionally redundant with cIAP1, however cIAP2 can be activated by a variety of cellular stresses. Members of the TNFR family and their ligands have essential roles in mammary gland biology. We have found that cIAP2-/- virgin mammary glands have reduced ductal branching and delayed lobuloalveogenesis in early pregnancy. Post-lactational involution involves two phases where the first phase is reversible and is mediated, in part, by TNFR family ligands. In cIAP2-/- mice mammary glands appeared engorged at mid-lactation accompanied by enhanced autophagic flux and decreased cIAP1 protein expression. Severely stretched myoepithelium was associated with BIM-EL expression and other indicators of anoikis. Within 24 h after forced or natural weaning, cIAP2-/- glands had nearly completed involution. The TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis (Tweak) which results in degradation of cIAP1 through its receptor, Fn14, began to increase in late lactation and was significantly increased in cIAP2-/- relative to WT mice by 12 h post weaning accompanied by decreased cIAP1 protein expression. Carcinogen/progesterone-induced mammary tumorigenesis was significantly delayed in cIAP2-/- mice and tumors contained high numbers of apoptotic cells. We conclude that cIAP2 has a critical role in the mammary gland wherein it prevents rapid involution induced by milk stasis-induced stress associated with Tweak activation and contributes to the survival of mammary tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Carr
- Breast Cancer Research Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Rosanna Lau
- Breast Cancer Research Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- Department of Pathology, The UT M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexandra D Hnatykiw
- Breast Cancer Research Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Gwendoline C D Ward
- Breast Cancer Research Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Manijeh Daneshmand
- Ottawa Hospital Regional Cancer Centre, Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, 3rd floor, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Miguel A Cabrita
- Breast Cancer Research Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - M A Christine Pratt
- Breast Cancer Research Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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Zheng J, Zhai K, Chen Y, Zhang X, Miao L, Wei B, Ji G. Nitric oxide mediates stretch-induced Ca2+ oscillation in smooth muscle. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2430-7. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.180638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The stretching of smooth muscle tissue modulates contraction via augmentation of Ca2+ transients, but the mechanism underlying stretch-induced Ca2+ transients is still unknown. We found that mechanical stretching and maintenance of mouse urinary bladder smooth muscle strips and single myocytes at the initial length of 30% and 18%, respectively, resulted in Ca2+ oscillations. Experiments indicated that mechanical stretching remarkably increases the production of nitric oxide (NO) as well as the amplitude and duration of muscle contraction. Stretch-induced Ca2+ oscillations and contractility increases were completely abolished by NO inhibitor L-NAME or eNOS gene inactivation. Moreover, exposure of eNOS knockout myocytes to exogenous NO donor induced Ca2+ oscillations. The stretch-induced Ca2+ oscillations were greatly inhibited by selective IP3R inhibitor xestospongin C and partially inhibited by ryanodine. Moreover, the stretch-induced Ca2+ oscillations were also suppressed by LY294002, but not by the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitor ODQ. These results suggest that myocytes stretching and maintenance at a certain length resulted in Ca2+ oscillations that is NO dependent and sGC/cGMP independent and results from the activation of PI(3)K in smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zheng
- Urological Surgery Research Institute, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Gao Tanyan Rd. 30, Chongqing 400038, China
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kui Zhai
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yingxiao Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lin Miao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Guangju Ji
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, China
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Tang Y, Yin Y, Miao L, Wei B, Zhai K, Ji G. Nitric oxide enhances extracellular ATP induced Ca²⁺ oscillation in HeLa cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 565:68-75. [PMID: 25461674 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) oscillations play a central role in varieties of cellular processes including fertilization and immune response, but controversy over the regulation mechanisms still exists. It has been known that nitric oxide (NO) dependently regulates Ca(2+) signaling in most physiopathological processes. Previous study indicated that eNOS translocation during some pathological process influences intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanism of NO on Ca(2+) release by overexpressing eNOS in cytoplasm (Cyto-eNOS) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER-eNOS) of HeLa cells. We found that the properties of Ca(2+) release were altered by the overexpression of eNOS. The amplitude and frequency of extracellular ATP (eATP)-induced Ca(2+) oscillation were enhanced in both Cyto-eNOS and ER-eNOS cells, respectively. Especially, the enhancement of the amplitude and frequency of the Ca(2+) oscillation was much more significant in the ER-eNOS cells than that of Cyto-eNOS cells. Further study indicated that this effect was abrogated by NO inhibitor, L-NAME, suggesting it was not an artificial result induced by ER stress. Furthermore, an up-regulated phosphorylation of phospholamban (PLB) was observed and the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) function was activated followed by the significant increase in the ER Ca(2+) load. Taken together, we revealed a novel regulatory mechanism of Ca(2+) oscillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglong Tang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yin Yin
- General Hospital of Air Force, Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Miao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Kui Zhai
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangju Ji
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Chen W, Deng Y, Zhang J, Tang K. Uniaxial repetitive mechanical overloading induces influx of extracellular calcium and cytoskeleton disruption in human tenocytes. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 359:577-587. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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9
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Signalling molecules in the urothelium. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:297295. [PMID: 25177686 PMCID: PMC4142380 DOI: 10.1155/2014/297295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The urothelium was long considered to be a silent barrier protecting the body from the toxic effects of urine. However, today a number of dynamic abilities of the urothelium are well recognized, including its ability to act as a sensor of the intravesical environment. During recent years several pathways of these urothelial abilities have been proposed and a major part of these pathways includes release of signalling molecules. It is now evident that the urothelium represents only one part of the sensory web. Urinary bladder signalling is finely tuned machinery of signalling molecules, acting in autocrine and paracrine manner, and their receptors are specifically distributed among different types of cells in the urinary bladder. In the present review the current knowledge of the formation, release, and signalling effects of urothelial acetylcholine, ATP, adenosine, and nitric oxide in health and disease is discussed.
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Sancho M, Ferrero JJ, Triguero D, Torres M, Garcia-Pascual A. Altered neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in the bladder and urethra of cyclophosphamide-treated rats. Nitric Oxide 2014; 39:8-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Cellek S, Cameron NE, Cotter MA, Fry CH, Ilo D. Microvascular dysfunction and efficacy of PDE5 inhibitors in BPH–LUTS. Nat Rev Urol 2014; 11:231-41. [DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2014.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Pyrgos G, Togias A, Brown RH. Phosphodiesterase V inhibition reduces airway responsiveness, but does not improve the beneficial effect of deep inspiration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 86:243-51. [PMID: 23860331 DOI: 10.1159/000350451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep inspirations (DIs) can prevent (bronchoprotection; BP) and reverse (bronchodilation; BD) methacholine (Mch)-induced bronchoconstriction, but this effect is reduced or absent in people with asthma or airways hyperresponsiveness (AHR). The mechanisms of this defect are unknown. OBJECTIVE To indirectly examine the role of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) by testing the hypothesis that the phosphodiesterase (PDE) V inhibitor, sildenafil, would improve DI-induced BP in individuals with AHR. METHODS Thirty-two individuals were screened and 15 met all the inclusion/exclusion criteria (7 subjects with AHR and 8 healthy subjects). A single-dose Mch challenge inducing a 20% reduction in FEV1 in the absence of DIs was first identified. Thereafter, every study participant had 4 pairs of visits, each pair testing DI-induced BP and BD against the single-dose Mch, with no drug, or pretreatment with 25, 50 and 100 mg of sildenafil, respectively, in consecutive order. RESULTS Sildenafil did not influence baseline lung function. However, in the absence of DIs, the drug caused a dose-dependent attenuation of the Mch-induced decrease in FEV1 by 17% (median value; 25th percentile: 1, 75th percentile: 16), 35% (-3, 61) and 37% (13, 79) for the 25-, 50- and 100-mg doses, respectively (p = 0.0004). No differences between the two participant groups were found. There were no effects of sildenafil on DI-induced BP or BD. CONCLUSION We infer from these results that the mechanism responsible for the defective ability of DIs to protect the airways from bronchoconstriction is unlikely to be due to dysregulation of cGMP. Of importance, a potential role for PDE V inhibition as a bronchoprotector treatment needs to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Pyrgos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Baltimore, Md., USA
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13
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Dui W, Wei B, He F, Lu W, Li C, Liang X, Ma J, Jiao R. The Drosophila F-box protein dSkp2 regulates cell proliferation by targeting Dacapo for degradation. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:1676-87, S1-7. [PMID: 23552694 PMCID: PMC3667721 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-10-0772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
dSkp2 regulates cell cycle progression by antagonizing Dap in Drosophila, which resolves the question of whether dSkp2 has a role in regulating Dap stability and suggests the possibility of using Drosophila as a model system in which to study Skp2-mediated tumorigenesis. Cell cycle progression is controlled by a complex regulatory network consisting of interacting positive and negative factors. In humans, the positive regulator Skp2, an F-box protein, has been a subject of intense investigation in part because of its oncogenic activity. By contrast, the molecular and developmental functions of its Drosophila homologue, dSkp2, are poorly understood. Here we investigate the role of dSkp2 by focusing on its functional relationship with Dacapo (Dap), the Drosophila homologue of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21cip1/p27kip1/p57kip2. We show that dSkp2 interacts physically with Dap and has a role in targeting Dap for ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. We present evidence that dSkp2 regulates cell cycle progression by antagonizing Dap in vivo. dSkp2 knockdown reduces cell density in the wing by prolonging the cell doubling time. In addition, the wing phenotype caused by dSkp2 knockdown resembles that caused by dap overexpression and can be partially suppressed by reducing the gene dose of dap. Our study thus documents a conserved functional relationship between dSkp2 and Dap in their control of cell cycle progression, suggesting the possibility of using Drosophila as a model system to study Skp2-mediated tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Dui
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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14
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Leiria LO, Sollon C, Báu FR, Mónica FZ, D'Ancona CL, De Nucci G, Grant AD, Anhê GF, Antunes E. Insulin relaxes bladder via PI3K/AKT/eNOS pathway activation in mucosa: unfolded protein response-dependent insulin resistance as a cause of obesity-associated overactive bladder. J Physiol 2013; 591:2259-73. [PMID: 23478138 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.251843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the role of insulin in the bladder and its relevance for the development of overactive bladder (OAB) in insulin-resistant obese mice. Bladders from male individuals who were involved in multiple organ donations were used. C57BL6/J mice were fed with a high-fat diet for 10 weeks to induce insulin-resistant obesity. Concentration-response curves to insulin were performed in human and mouse isolated mucosa-intact and mucosa-denuded bladders. Cystometric study was performed in terminally anaesthetized mice. Western blot was performed in bladders to detect phosphorylated endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) (Ser1177) and the phosphorylated protein kinase AKT (Ser473), as well as the unfolded protein response (UPR) markers TRIB3, CHOP and ATF4. Insulin (1-100 nm) produced concentration-dependent mouse and human bladder relaxations that were markedly reduced by mucosal removal or inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/eNOS pathway. In mouse bladders, insulin produced a 3.0-fold increase in cGMP levels (P < 0.05) that was prevented by PI3K/AKT/eNOS pathway inhibition. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibition abolished insulin-induced phosphorylation of AKT and eNOS in bladder mucosa. Obese mice showed greater voiding frequency and non-voiding contractions, indicating overactive detrusor smooth muscle. Insulin failed to relax the bladder or to increase cGMP in the obese group. Insulin-stimulated AKT and eNOS phosphorylation in mucosa was also impaired in obese mice. The UPR markers TRIB3, CHOP and ATF4 were increased in the mucosa of obese mice. The UPR inhibitor 4-phenyl butyric acid normalized all the functional and molecular parameters in obese mice. Our data show that insulin relaxes human and mouse bladder via activation of the PI3K/AKT/eNOS pathway in the bladder mucosa. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent insulin resistance in bladder contributes to OAB in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz O Leiria
- Department of Pharmacology and Division of Urology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Suson KD, Stec AA, Shimoda LA, Gearhart JP. Initial Characterization of Exstrophy Bladder Smooth Muscle Cells in Culture. J Urol 2012; 188:1521-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina D. Suson
- Division of Pediatric Urology, the Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew A. Stec
- Department of Urology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Larissa A. Shimoda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John P. Gearhart
- Division of Pediatric Urology, the Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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16
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Sriram K, Salazar Vázquez BY, Tsai AG, Cabrales P, Intaglietta M, Tartakovsky DM. Autoregulation and mechanotransduction control the arteriolar response to small changes in hematocrit. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 303:H1096-106. [PMID: 22923620 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00438.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Here, we present an analytic model of arteriolar mechanics that accounts for key autoregulation mechanisms, including the myogenic response and the vasodilatory effects of nitric oxide (NO) in the vasculature. It couples the fluid mechanics of blood flow in arterioles with solid mechanics of the vessel wall and includes the effects of wall shear stress- and stretch-induced endothelial NO production. The model can be used to describe the regulation of blood flow and NO transport under small changes in hematocrit and to analyze the regulatory response of arterioles to small changes in hematocrit. Our analysis revealed that the experimentally observed paradoxical increase in cardiac output with small increases in hematocrit results from the combination of increased NO production and the effects of a strong myogenic response modulated by elevated levels of WSS. Our findings support the hypothesis that vascular resistance varies inversely with blood viscosity for small changes in hematocrit in a healthy circulation that responds to shear stress stimuli. They also suggest beneficial effects independent of changes in O(2) carrying capacity associated with the postsurgical transfusion of one or two units of blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Sriram
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0412, USA
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Cyclic mechanical strain maintains Nanog expression through PI3K/Akt signaling in mouse embryonic stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:1726-32. [PMID: 22683858 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical strain has been reported to affect the proliferation/differentiation of many cell types; however, the effects of mechanotransduction on self-renewal as well as pluripotency of embryonic stem (ES) cells remains unknown. To investigate the effects of mechanical strain on mouse ES cell fate, we examined the expression of Nanog, which is an essential regulator of self-renewal and pluripotency as well as Nanog-associated intracellular signaling during uniaxial cyclic mechanical strain. The mouse ES cell line, CCE was plated onto elastic membranes, and we applied 10% strain at 0.17 Hz. The expression of Nanog was reduced during ES cell differentiation in response to the withdrawal of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF); however, two days of cyclic mechanical strain attenuated this reduction of Nanog expression. On the other hand, the cyclic mechanical strain promoted PI3K-Akt signaling, which is reported as an upstream of Nanog transcription. The cyclic mechanical strain-induced Akt phosphorylation was blunted by the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin. Furthermore, cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of actin polymerization, also inhibited the mechanical strain-induced increase in phospho-Akt. These findings imply that mechanical force plays a role in regulating Nanog expression in ES cells through the actin cytoskeleton-PI3K-Akt signaling.
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18
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Osol G, Barron C, Mandalà M. Uterine distension differentially affects remodelling and distensibility of the uterine vasculature in non-pregnant rats. Reprod Fertil Dev 2012; 24:835-42. [DOI: 10.1071/rd11208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy the mammalian uterine circulation undergoes significant expansive remodelling necessary for normal pregnancy outcome. The underlying mechanisms are poorly defined. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that myometrial stretch actively stimulates uterine vascular remodelling by developing a new surgical approach to induce unilateral uterine distension in non-pregnant rats. Three weeks after surgery, which consisted of an infusion of medical-grade silicone into the uterine lumen, main and mesometrial uterine artery and vein length, diameter and distensibility were recorded. Radial artery diameter, distensibility and vascular smooth muscle mitotic rate (Ki67 staining) were also measured. Unilateral uterine distension resulted in significant increases in the length of main uterine artery and vein and mesometrial segments but had no effect on vessel diameter or distensibility. In contrast, there were significant increases in the diameter of the radial arteries associated with the distended uterus. These changes were accompanied by reduced arterial distensibility and increased vascular muscle hyperplasia. In summary, this is the first report to show that myometrial stretch is a sufficient stimulus to induce significant remodelling of uterine vessels in non-pregnant rats. Moreover, the results indicate differential regulation of these growth processes as a function of vessel size and type.
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19
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Abstract
AIMS To discuss (1) mechanisms involved in the generation and control of myocyte contractions and consequent afferent nerve activity and (2) these mechanisms as targets for drugs aimed for treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms and detrusor overactivity (DO). METHODS Literature review of myocyte activation, bladder afferent nerves, mediators in the bladder, and translational aspects of the findings. RESULTS During bladder filling, there is normally no parasympathetic outflow from the spinal cord. Despite this, the bladder develops tone during filling and also exhibits non-synchronized local contractions and relaxations that are caused by a basal myogenic mechanical activity that may be reinforced by release of, for example, acetylcholine from non-neuronal and/or neuronal sources or local mediators, such as prostaglandins and endothelins. It is suggested that these spontaneous contractions are able to generate activity in afferent nerves ("afferent noise") that may contribute to DO and OAB. CONCLUSIONS Spontaneous bladder myocyte contractions and factors that are able to modulate them, as well as the consequent afferent nerve activity, may be targets for drugs meant for treatment of OAB/DO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Erik Andersson
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
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20
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Whetzel AM, Sturek JM, Nagelin MH, Bolick DT, Gebre AK, Parks JS, Bruce AC, Skaflen MD, Hedrick CC. ABCG1 deficiency in mice promotes endothelial activation and monocyte-endothelial interactions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:809-17. [PMID: 20110576 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.199166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Activated endothelium and increased monocyte-endothelial interactions in the vessel wall are key early events in atherogenesis. ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters play important roles in regulating sterol homeostasis in many cell types. Endothelial cells (EC) have a high capacity to efflux sterols and express the ABC transporter, ABCG1. Here, we define the role of ABCG1 in the regulation of lipid homeostasis and inflammation in aortic EC. METHODS AND RESULTS Using EC isolated from ABCG1-deficient mice (ABCG1 KO), we observed reduced cholesterol efflux to high-density lipoprotein compared to C57BL/6 (B6) EC. However, total cholesteryl ester levels were not changed in ABCG1 KO EC. Secretions of KC, MCP-1, and IL-6 by ABCG1 KO EC were significantly increased, and surface expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin were increased several-fold on ABCG1 KO EC. Concomitant with these findings, we observed a 4-fold increase in monocyte adhesion to the intact aortic endothelium of ABCG1 KO mice ex vivo and to isolated aortic EC from these mice in vitro. In a gain-of-function study in vitro, restoration of ABCG1 expression in ABCG1 KO EC reduced monocyte-endothelial interactions. Utilizing pharmacological inhibitors for STAT3 and the IL-6 receptor, we found that blockade of STAT3 and IL-6 receptor signaling in ABCG1 KO EC completely abrogated monocyte adhesion to ABCG1 KO endothelium. CONCLUSIONS ABCG1 deficiency in aortic endothelial cells activates endothelial IL-6-IL-6 receptor-STAT3 signaling, thereby increasing monocyte-endothelial interactions and vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Whetzel
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Tan J, Kuang W, Jin Z, Jin F, Xu L, Yu Q, Kong L, Zeng G, Yuan X, Duan Y. Inhibition of NFkappaB by activated c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase 1 acts as a switch for C2C12 cell death under excessive stretch. Apoptosis 2009; 14:764-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-009-0345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Poley RN, Dosier CR, Speich JE, Miner AS, Ratz PH. Stimulated calcium entry and constitutive RhoA kinase activity cause stretch-induced detrusor contraction. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 599:137-45. [PMID: 18929558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Revised: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Urinary bladder wall muscle (i.e., detrusor smooth muscle; DSM) contracts in response to a quick-stretch, but this response is neither fully characterized, nor completely understood at the subcellular level. Strips of rabbit DSM were quick-stretched (5 ms) and held isometric for 10 s to measure the resulting peak quick-stretch contractile response (PQSR). The ability of selective Ca(2+) channel blockers and kinase inhibitors to alter the PQSR was measured, and the phosphorylation levels of myosin light chain (MLC) and myosin phosphatase targeting regulatory subunit (MYPT1) were recorded. DSM responded to a quick-stretch with a biphasic response consisting of an initial contraction peaking at 0.24+/-0.02-fold the maximum KCl-induced contraction (F(o)) by 1.48+/-0.17 s (PQSR) before falling to a weaker tonic (10 s) level (0.12+/-0.03-fold F(o)). The PQSR was dependent on the rate and degree of muscle stretch, displayed a refractory period, and was converted to a sustained response in the presence of muscarinic receptor stimulation. The PQSR was inhibited by nifedipine, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), 100 microM gadolinium and Y-27632, but not by atropine, 10 microM gadolinium, LOE-908, cyclopiazonic acid, or GF-109203X. Y-27632 and nifedipine abolished the increase in MLC phosphorylation induced by a quick-stretch. Y-27632, but not nifedipine, inhibited basal MYPT1 phosphorylation, and a quick-stretch failed to increase phosphorylation of this rhoA kinase (ROCK) substrate above the basal level. These data support the hypothesis that constitutive ROCK activity is required for a quick-stretch to activate Ca(2+) entry and cause a myogenic contraction of DSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer N Poley
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, PO Box 980614, Richmond, VA 23298-0614, United States
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