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do Espírito Santo AH, López-Olmeda JF, de Alba G, Costa LS, de Oliveira Guilherme H, Sánchez-Vázquez FJ, Luz RK, Ribeiro PAP. Ontogeny of daily rhythms in the expression of metabolic factors in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) kept at two different temperature regimes: Thermocycle and constant temperature. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 296:111687. [PMID: 38944269 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The daily variations of temperature are one of the main synchronizers of the circadian rhythms. In addition, water temperature influences the embryonic and larval development of fish and directly affects their metabolic processes. The application of thermocycles to fish larvae has been reported to improve growth and the maturation of the digestive system, but their effects on metabolism are poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of two different temperature regimes, cycling versus constant, on the daily rhythms of metabolic factors of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) larvae. For this purpose, fertilized eggs were divided into two groups: one reared in a 31 °C:25 °C day:night thermocycle (TCY) and another group maintained in a constant 28 °C temperature (CTE). The photoperiod was set to a 12:12 h light/dark cycle. Samples were collected every 4 h during a 24-h cycle on days 4, 8 and 13 post fertilization (dpf). The expression levels of alanine aminotransferase (alt), aspartate aminotransferase (ast), malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd), phosphofructokinase (pfk) and pyruvate kinase (pk) were analyzed by qPCR. Results showed that, in 13 dpf animals, most of the genes analyzed (alt, ast, malic, g6pd and pfk) showed daily rhythms in TCY, but not in the group kept at constant temperature, with most acrophases detected during the feeding period. An increase in nutrient metabolism around feeding time can improve food utilization and thus increase larval performance. Therefore, the use of thermocycles is recommended for tilapia larviculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Hastenreiter do Espírito Santo
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária, Laboratório de Aquacultura, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Gonzalo de Alba
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Leandro Santos Costa
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Helder de Oliveira Guilherme
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária, Laboratório de Aquacultura, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Ronald Kennedy Luz
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária, Laboratório de Aquacultura, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula Adriane Perez Ribeiro
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária, Laboratório de Aquacultura, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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2
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Ramirez-Duarte WF, Moran BM, Powell DL, Bank C, Sousa VC, Rosenthal GG, Schumer M, Rochman CM. Hybridization in the Anthropocene - how pollution and climate change disrupt mate selection in freshwater fish. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 39092475 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Chemical pollutants and/or climate change have the potential to break down reproductive barriers between species and facilitate hybridization. Hybrid zones may arise in response to environmental gradients and secondary contact between formerly allopatric populations, or due to the introduction of non-native species. In freshwater ecosystems, field observations indicate that changes in water quality and chemistry, due to pollution and climate change, are correlated with an increased frequency of hybridization. Physical and chemical disturbances of water quality can alter the sensory environment, thereby affecting chemical and visual communication among fish. Moreover, multiple chemical compounds (e.g. pharmaceuticals, metals, pesticides, and industrial contaminants) may impair fish physiology, potentially affecting phenotypic traits relevant for mate selection (e.g. pheromone production, courtship, and coloration). Although warming waters have led to documented range shifts, and chemical pollution is ubiquitous in freshwater ecosystems, few studies have tested hypotheses about how these stressors may facilitate hybridization and what this means for biodiversity and species conservation. Through a systematic literature review across disciplines (i.e. ecotoxicology and evolutionary biology), we evaluate the biological interactions, toxic mechanisms, and roles of physical and chemical environmental stressors (i.e. chemical pollution and climate change) in disrupting mate preferences and inducing interspecific hybridization in freshwater fish. Our study indicates that climate change-driven changes in water quality and chemical pollution may impact visual and chemical communication crucial for mate choice and thus could facilitate hybridization among fishes in freshwater ecosystems. To inform future studies and conservation management, we emphasize the importance of further research to identify the chemical and physical stressors affecting mate choice, understand the mechanisms behind these interactions, determine the concentrations at which they occur, and assess their impact on individuals, populations, species, and biological diversity in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson F Ramirez-Duarte
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Room 3055, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Benjamin M Moran
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 327 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Daniel L Powell
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 327 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Claudia Bank
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Universität Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Vitor C Sousa
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande 016, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Gil G Rosenthal
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas de las Huastecas 'Aguazarca', Calnali, Hgo, 43244, Mexico
| | - Molly Schumer
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 327 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Chelsea M Rochman
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Room 3055, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
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3
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Hadj-Hammou J, Cinner JE, Barneche DR, Caldwell IR, Mouillot D, Robinson JPW, Schiettekatte NMD, Siqueira AC, Taylor BM, Graham NAJ. Global patterns and drivers of fish reproductive potential on coral reefs. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6105. [PMID: 39030209 PMCID: PMC11271586 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Fish fecundity scales hyperallometrically with body mass, meaning larger females produce disproportionately more eggs than smaller ones. We explore this relationship beyond the species-level to estimate the "reproductive potential" of 1633 coral reef sites distributed globally. We find that, at the site-level, reproductive potential scales hyperallometrically with assemblage biomass, but with a smaller median exponent than at the species-level. Across all families, modelled reproductive potential is greater in fully protected sites versus fished sites. This difference is most pronounced for the important fisheries family, Serranidae. When comparing a scenario where 30% of sites are randomly fully protected to a current protection scenario, we estimate an increase in the reproductive potential of all families, and particularly for Serranidae. Such results point to the possible ecological benefits of the 30 × 30 global conservation target and showcase management options to promote the sustainability of population replenishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeneen Hadj-Hammou
- Lancaster University Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
| | - Joshua E Cinner
- Thriving Oceans Research Hub. School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Caperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Diego R Barneche
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Iain R Caldwell
- College of Arts, Society and Education, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - David Mouillot
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Montpellier, France
| | - James P W Robinson
- Lancaster University Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Alexandre C Siqueira
- Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, 6027, Australia
- Research Hub for Coral Reef Ecosystem Functions, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Brett M Taylor
- University of Guam Marine Laboratory and UOG Sea Grant, 303 University Drive, UOG Station, Mangilao, Guam, 96923, USA
| | - Nicholas A J Graham
- Lancaster University Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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4
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Salazar M, Joly S, Anglada-Escudé G, Ribas L. Epigenetic and physiological alterations in zebrafish subjected to hypergravity. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300310. [PMID: 38776274 PMCID: PMC11111069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Gravity is one of the most constant environmental factors across Earth's evolution and all organisms are adapted to it. Consequently, spatial exploration has captured the interest in studying the biological changes that physiological alterations are caused by gravity. In the last two decades, epigenetics has explained how environmental cues can alter gene functions in organisms. Although many studies addressed gravity, the underlying biological and molecular mechanisms that occur in altered gravity for those epigenetics-related mechanisms, are mostly inexistent. The present study addressed the effects of hypergravity on development, behavior, gene expression, and most importantly, on the epigenetic changes in a worldwide animal model, the zebrafish (Danio rerio). To perform hypergravity experiments, a custom-centrifuge simulating the large diameter centrifuge (100 rpm ~ 3 g) was designed and zebrafish embryos were exposed during 5 days post fertilization (dpf). Results showed a significant decrease in survival at 2 dpf but no significance in the hatching rate. Physiological and morphological alterations including fish position, movement frequency, and swimming behavior showed significant changes due to hypergravity. Epigenetic studies showed significant hypermethylation of the genome of the zebrafish larvae subjected to 5 days of hypergravity. Downregulation of the gene expression of three epigenetic-related genes (dnmt1, dnmt3, and tet1), although not significant, was further observed. Taken altogether, gravity alterations affected biological responses including epigenetics in fish, providing a valuable roadmap of the putative hazards of living beyond Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Salazar
- Department of Renewable Marine Resources, Institut de Ciències del Mar—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Joly
- Department of Renewable Marine Resources, Institut de Ciències del Mar—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillem Anglada-Escudé
- Department of Astrophysics, Institut de Ciències de l’Espai—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICE-CSIC), UAB Campus at Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya–IEEC/CERCA, Gran Capità, 2–4, Edifici Nexus, Despatx 201, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Ribas
- Department of Renewable Marine Resources, Institut de Ciències del Mar—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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Jiang B, Lu S, Li Y, Badran MF, Dong Y, Xu P, Qiang J, Tao Y. Integrative analysis of miRNA-mRNA expression in the brain during high temperature-induced masculinization of female Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Genomics 2024; 116:110856. [PMID: 38734154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the most important non-genetic sex differentiation factors for fish. The technique of high temperature-induced sex reversal is commonly used in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture, although the molecular regulatory mechanisms involved in this process remain unclear. The brain is an essential organ for the regulation of neural signals involved in germ cell differentiation and gonad development. To investigate the regulatory roles of miRNAs-mRNAs in the conversion of female to male Nile tilapia gender under high-temperature stress, we compared RNA-Seq data from brain tissues between a control group (28 °C) and a high temperature-treated group (36 °C). The result showed that a total of 123,432,984 miRNA valid reads, 288,202,524 mRNA clean reads, 1128 miRNAs, and 32,918 mRNAs were obtained. Among them, there were 222 significant differentially expressed miRNAs (DE miRNAs) and 810 differentially expressed mRNAs (DE mRNAs) between the two groups. Eight DE miRNAs and eight DE mRNAs were randomly selected, and their expression patterns were validated by qRT-PCR. The miRNA-mRNA co-expression network demonstrated that 40 DE miRNAs targeted 136 protein-coding genes. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that these genes were involved in several gonadal differentiation pathways, including the oocyte meiosis signaling pathway, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation signaling pathway, cell cycle signaling pathway and GnRH signaling pathway. Then, an interaction network was constructed for 8 miRNAs (mir-137-5p, let-7d, mir-1388-5p, mir-124-4-5p, mir-1306, mir-99, mir-130b and mir-21) and 10 mRNAs (smc1al, itpr2, mapk1, ints8, cpeb1b, bub1, fbxo5, mmp14b, cdk1 and hrasb) involved in the oocyte meiosis signaling pathway. These findings provide novel information about the mechanisms underlying miRNA-mediated sex reversal in female Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siqi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Li
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - M F Badran
- Aquatic Hatchery Production Department, Fish Farming and Technology Institute, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Yalun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yifan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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6
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Fathy RF. Divergent perspectives on the synergistic impacts of thermal-chemical stress on aquatic biota within the framework of climate change scenarios. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141810. [PMID: 38554872 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Climate change, including global warming, leads to rising temperatures in aquatic ecosystems, which is one of the numerous repercussions it brings. Furthermore, water warming can indirectly impact aquatic organisms by modifying the toxicity levels of pollutants. Nevertheless, numerous studies have explored the potential impacts of chemical stress on aquatic biota, but little is known about how such chemicals and toxins interact with climate change factors, especially elevated temperatures. As such, this review paper focuses on exploring the potential effects of thermochemical stress on a wide sector of aquatic organisms, including aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates, in various aquatic ecosystems (freshwater and marine systems). Herein, the objective of this study is to explore the most up-to-date the impact of water warming (without chemical stress) and thermochemical stress on various biochemical and physiological processes in aquatic fauna and how this greatly affects biodiversity and sustainability. Therefore, there is a growing need to understand and evaluate this synergistic mechanism and its potential hazardous impacts. However, we need further investigations and scientific reports to address this serious environmental issue in order to confront anthropogenic pollutants regarding climate change and chemical pollution risks in the near future and subsequently find sustainable solutions for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragaa F Fathy
- Hydrobiology Department, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Buhouth St, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
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7
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Lema SC, Luckenbach JA, Yamamoto Y, Housh MJ. Fish reproduction in a warming world: vulnerable points in hormone regulation from sex determination to spawning. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220516. [PMID: 38310938 PMCID: PMC10838641 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Reproduction in fishes is sensitive to temperature. Elevated temperatures and anomalous 'heat waves' associated with climate change have the potential to impact fish reproductive performance and, in some cases, even induce sex reversals. Here we examine how thermal sensitivity in the hormone pathways regulating reproduction provides a framework for understanding impacts of warmer conditions on fish reproduction. Such effects will differ depending on evolved variation in temperature sensitivity of endocrine pathways regulating reproductive processes of sex determination/differentiation, gametogenesis and spawning, as well as how developmental timing of those processes varies with reproductive ecology. For fish populations unable to shift geographical range, persistence under future climates may require changes in temperature responsiveness of the hormone pathways regulating reproductive processes. How thermal sensitivity in those hormone pathways varies among populations and species, how those pathways generate temperature maxima for reproduction, and how rapidly reproductive thermal tolerances can change via adaptation or transgenerational plasticity will shape which fishes are most at risk for impaired reproduction under rising temperatures. This article is part of the theme issue 'Endocrine responses to environmental variation: conceptual approaches and recent developments'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C. Lema
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93430, USA
| | - J. Adam Luckenbach
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Yoji Yamamoto
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Madeline J. Housh
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93430, USA
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Fernández I, Larrán AM, de Paz P, Riesco MF. The Direct Effects of Climate Change on Tench ( Tinca tinca) Sperm Quality under a Real Heatwave Event Scenario. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:778. [PMID: 38473163 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Global aquaculture growth will most probably face specific conditions derived from climate change. In fact, the most severe impacts of these changes will be suffered by aquatic populations in restrictive circumstances, such as current aquaculture locations, which represent a perfect model to study global warming effects. Although the impact of temperature on fish reproduction has been characterized in many aspects, this study was focused on recreating more realistic models of global warming, particularly considering heatwave phenomena, in order to decipher its effects on male gametes (spermatozoa). For this purpose, thermal stress via a heatwave simulation (mimicking a natural occurring heatwave, from 24 to 30 °C) was induced in adult tench (Tinca tinca) males and compared with a control group (55.02 ± 16.44 g of average body wet weight). The impact of the thermal stress induced by this climate change event was assessed using cellular and molecular approaches. After the heatwave recreation, a multiparametric analysis of sperm quality, including some traditional parameters (such as sperm motility) and new ones (focus on redox balance and sperm quality biomarkers), was performed. Although sperm concentration and the volume produced were not affected, the results showed a significant deleterious effect on motility parameters (e.g., reduced progressive motility and total motility during the first minute post-activation). Furthermore, the sperm produced under the thermal stress induced by this heatwave simulation exhibited an increased ROS content in spermatic cells, confirming the negative effect that this thermal stress model (heatwave recreation) might have had on sperm quality. More importantly, the expression of some known sperm quality and fertilization markers was decreased in males exposed to thermal stress. This present study not only unveils the potential effects of climate change in contemporary and future fish farming populations (and their underlying mechanisms) but also provides insights on how to mitigate and/or avoid thermal stress due to heatwave events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fernández
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro nº 52, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - Ana M Larrán
- Aquaculture Research Center, Agro-Technological Institute of Castilla y León (ITACyL), Ctra. Arévalo, Zamarramala, 40196 Segovia, Spain
| | - Paulino de Paz
- Cell Biology Area, Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, sn, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Marta F Riesco
- Cell Biology Area, Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, sn, 24071 León, Spain
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9
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Kitano J, Ansai S, Takehana Y, Yamamoto Y. Diversity and Convergence of Sex-Determination Mechanisms in Teleost Fish. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2024; 12:233-259. [PMID: 37863090 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-021122-113935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Sexual reproduction is prevalent across diverse taxa. However, sex-determination mechanisms are so diverse that even closely related species often differ in sex-determination systems. Teleost fish is a taxonomic group with frequent turnovers of sex-determining mechanisms and thus provides us with great opportunities to investigate the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms underlying the turnover of sex-determining systems. Here, we compile recent studies on the diversity of sex-determination mechanisms in fish. We demonstrate that genes in the TGF-β signaling pathway are frequently used for master sex-determining (MSD) genes. MSD genes arise via two main mechanisms, duplication-and-transposition and allelic mutations, with a few exceptions. We also demonstrate that temperature influences sex determination in many fish species, even those with sex chromosomes, with higher temperatures inducing differentiation into males in most cases. Finally, we review theoretical models for the turnover of sex-determining mechanisms and discuss what questions remain elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kitano
- Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan;
| | - Satoshi Ansai
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan;
| | - Yusuke Takehana
- Faculty of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, Japan;
| | - Yoji Yamamoto
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan;
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10
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Fagbémi MNA, Nivelle R, Muller M, Mélard C, Lalèyè P, Rougeot C. Effect of high temperatures on sex ratio and differential expression analysis (RNA-seq) of sex-determining genes in Oreochromis niloticus from different river basins in Benin. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2024; 9:dvad009. [PMID: 38487307 PMCID: PMC10939319 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The high temperature sex reversal process leading to functional phenotypic masculinization during development has been widely described in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis n iloticus) under laboratory or aquaculture conditions and in the wild. In this study, we selected five wild populations of O. niloticus from different river basins in Benin and produced twenty full-sib families of mixed-sex (XY and XX) by natural reproduction. Progenies were exposed to room temperature or high (36.5°C) temperatures between 10 and 30 days post-fertilization (dpf). In control groups, we observed sex ratios from 40% to 60% males as expected, except for 3 families from the Gobé region which showed a bias towards males. High temperature treatment significantly increased male rates in each family up to 88%. Transcriptome analysis was performed by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) on brains and gonads from control and treated batches of six families at 15 dpf and 40 dpf. Analysis of differentially expressed genes, differentially spliced genes, and correlations with sex reversal was performed. In 40 dpf gonads, genes involved in sex determination such as dmrt1, cyp11c1, amh, cyp19a1b, ara, and dax1 were upregulated. In 15 dpf brains, a negative correlation was found between the expression of cyp19a1b and the reversal rate, while at 40 dpf a negative correlation was found between the expression of foxl2, cyp11c1, and sf1 and positive correlation was found between dmrt1 expression and reversal rate. Ontology analysis of the genes affected by high temperatures revealed that male sex differentiation processes, primary male sexual characteristics, autophagy, and cilium organization were affected. Based on these results, we conclude that sex reversal by high temperature treatment leads to similar modifications of the transcriptomes in the gonads and brains in offspring of different natural populations of Nile tilapia, which thus may activate a common cascade of reactions inducing sex reversal in progenies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nambyl A Fagbémi
- Aquaculture Research and Education Centre (CEFRA), Liège University, query author on which is prefered, 10 Chemin de la Justice B-4500, Tihange, Belgium
- Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Aquaculture (LHA), Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP: 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Renaud Nivelle
- Aquaculture Research and Education Centre (CEFRA), Liège University, query author on which is prefered, 10 Chemin de la Justice B-4500, Tihange, Belgium
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences (GIGA-I3), Liège University, Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Muller
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences (GIGA-I3), Liège University, Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Charles Mélard
- Aquaculture Research and Education Centre (CEFRA), Liège University, query author on which is prefered, 10 Chemin de la Justice B-4500, Tihange, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lalèyè
- Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Aquaculture (LHA), Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP: 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Carole Rougeot
- Aquaculture Research and Education Centre (CEFRA), Liège University, query author on which is prefered, 10 Chemin de la Justice B-4500, Tihange, Belgium
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Yao ZL, Fang QF, Li JY, Zhou M, Du S, Chen HJ, Wang H, Jiang SJ, Wang X, Zhao Y, Ji XS. Alternative splicing of histone demethylase Kdm6bb mediates temperature-induced sex reversal in the Nile tilapia. Curr Biol 2023; 33:5057-5070.e5. [PMID: 37995698 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Sex determination in many fish species is remarkably plastic and temperature sensitive. Nile tilapia display a genetic sex-determination system (XX/XY). However, high-temperature treatment during critical thermosensitive periods can induce XX females into XXm pseudo-males, and this phenomenon is termed temperature-induced sex reversal (TISR). To investigate the molecular mechanism of TISR in Nile tilapia, we performed Iso-seq analysis and found a dramatic effect of high temperature on gene alternative splicing (AS). Kdm6bb histone demethylase showed a novel AS at intron 5 that generates Kdm6bb_tv1 transcripts without intron 5 and Kdm6bb_tv2 with intron 5. Kdm6bb_tv1 encodes a full-length protein while Kdm6bb_tv2 encodes a truncated protein. Expression analysis revealed that intron 5 splicing of Kdm6bb is male and gonad biased at larval stage, and only gonad biased at adult stage. High-temperature treatment induced intron 5 splicing in the gonads of XX and XY fish, resulting in increased Kdm6bb_tv1 expression. To directly test the role of Kdm6bb_tv1 in Nile tilapia TISR, we knocked out expression of Kdm6bb_tv1. However, Kdm6bb_tv1-/- homozygous mutants showed embryonic lethality. Overexpression of Kdm6bb_tv1, but not Kdm6bb_tv2, induced sex reversal of XX females into pseudo-males. Overexpression of Kdm6bb_tv1, as with high-temperature treatment, modified the promotor region of Gsdf and Dmrt1 by demethylating the trimethylated lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me3), thereby increasing expression. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that AS of Kdm6bb intron 5 increases the expression of Kdm6bb_tv1, which acts as a direct link between high temperature and activation of Gsdf and Dmrt1 expression, leading to male sex determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Lei Yao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Feng Fang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jia Yue Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Shaojun Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hong Ju Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Shi-Jin Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Library, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiang Shan Ji
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
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12
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Chailertrit V, Panthum T, Kongkaew L, Chalermwong P, Singchat W, Ahmad SF, Kraichak E, Muangmai N, Duengkae P, Peyachoknagul S, Han K, Srikulnath K. Genome-wide SNP analysis provides insights into the XX/XY sex-determination system in silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus). Genomics Inform 2023; 21:e47. [PMID: 38224714 PMCID: PMC10788355 DOI: 10.5808/gi.23075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus) is among the most economically important freshwater fish species in Thailand. It ranks fourth in economic value and third in production weight for fisheries and culture in Thailand. An XX/XY sex-determination system based on gynogenesis was previously reported for this fish. In this study, the molecular basis underlying the sex-determination system was further investigated. Genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism data were generated for 32 captive-bred silver barb individuals, previously scored by phenotypic sex, to identify sex-linked regions associated with sex determination. Sixty-three male-linked loci, indicating putative XY chromosomes, were identified. Male-specific loci were not observed, which indicates that the putative Y chromosome is young and the sex determination region is cryptic. A homology search revealed that most male-linked loci were homologous to the Mariner/Tc1 and Gypsy transposable elements and are probably the remnants of an initial accumulation of repeats on the Y chromosome from the early stages of sex chromosome differentiation. This research provides convincing insights into the mechanism of sex determination and reveals the potential sex determination regions in silver barb. The study provides the basic data necessary for increasing the commercial value of silver barbs through genetic improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visarut Chailertrit
- Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Pathum Thani Aquatic Animal Genetics Research and Development Center, Aquatic Animal Genetics Research and Development Division, Department of Fisheries, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics (ACCG), Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics (SRUWG), Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Thitipong Panthum
- Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics (ACCG), Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics (SRUWG), Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Lalida Kongkaew
- Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics (ACCG), Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics (SRUWG), Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Piangjai Chalermwong
- Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Sciences for Industry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Worapong Singchat
- Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics (ACCG), Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics (SRUWG), Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Syed Farhan Ahmad
- Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics (ACCG), Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Ekaphan Kraichak
- Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Department of Botany, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Narongrit Muangmai
- Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Prateep Duengkae
- Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics (SRUWG), Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Surin Peyachoknagul
- Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Kyudong Han
- Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Bio-Medical Engineering Core Facility Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Kornsorn Srikulnath
- Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics (ACCG), Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics (SRUWG), Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Sciences for Industry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources (CASTNAR), National Research University-Kasetsart University (NRU-KU), Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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13
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Yu Y, Chen M, Shen ZG. Molecular biological, physiological, cytological, and epigenetic mechanisms of environmental sex differentiation in teleosts: A systematic review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115654. [PMID: 37918334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have been exerting widespread stress and environmental risks in aquatic ecosystems. Environmental stress, including temperature rise, acidification, hypoxia, light pollution, and crowding, had a considerable negative impact on the life histology of aquatic animals, especially on sex differentiation (SDi) and the resulting sex ratios. Understanding how the sex of fish responds to stressful environments is of great importance for understanding the origin and maintenance of sex, the dynamics of the natural population in the changing world, and the precise application of sex control in aquaculture. This review conducted an exhaustive search of the available literature on the influence of environmental stress (ES) on SDi. Evidence has shown that all types of ES can affect SDi and universally result in an increase in males or masculinization, which has been reported in 100 fish species and 121 cases. Then, this comprehensive review aimed to summarize the molecular biology, physiology, cytology, and epigenetic mechanisms through which ES contributes to male development or masculinization. The relationship between ES and fish SDi from multiple aspects was analyzed, and it was found that environmental sex differentiation (ESDi) is the result of the combined effects of genetic and epigenetic factors, self-physiological regulation, and response to environmental signals, which involves a sophisticated network of various hormones and numerous genes at multiple levels and multiple gradations in bipotential gonads. In both normal male differentiation and ES-induced masculinization, the stress pathway and epigenetic regulation play important roles; however, how they co-regulate SDi is unclear. Evidence suggests that the universal emergence or increase in males in aquatic animals is an adaptation to moderate ES. ES-induced sex reversal should be fully investigated in more fish species and extensively in the wild. The potential aquaculture applications and difficulties associated with ESDi have also been addressed. Finally, the knowledge gaps in the ESDi are presented, which will guide the priorities of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhi-Gang Shen
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China.
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14
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Valdivieso A, Caballero-Huertas M, Moraleda-Prados J, Piferrer F, Ribas L. Exploring the Effects of Rearing Densities on Epigenetic Modifications in the Zebrafish Gonads. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16002. [PMID: 37958987 PMCID: PMC10647740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242116002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rearing density directly impacts fish welfare, which, in turn, affects productivity in aquaculture. Previous studies have indicated that high-density rearing during sexual development in fish can induce stress, resulting in a tendency towards male-biased sex ratios in the populations. In recent years, research has defined the relevance of the interactions between the environment and epigenetics playing a key role in the final phenotype. However, the underlying epigenetic mechanisms of individuals exposed to confinement remain elucidated. By using zebrafish (Danio rerio), the DNA methylation promotor region and the gene expression patterns of six genes, namely dnmt1, cyp19a1a, dmrt1, cyp11c1, hsd17b1, and hsd11b2, involved in the DNA maintenance methylation, reproduction, and stress were assessed. Zebrafish larvae were subjected to two high-density conditions (9 and 66 fish/L) during two periods of overlapping sex differentiation of this species (7 to 18 and 18 to 45 days post-fertilization, dpf). Results showed a significant masculinization in the populations of fish subjected to high densities from 18 to 45 dpf. In adulthood, the dnmt1 gene was differentially hypomethylated in ovaries and its expression was significantly downregulated in the testes of fish exposed to high-density. Further, the cyp19a1a gene showed downregulation of gene expression in the ovaries of fish subjected to elevated density, as previously observed in other studies. We proposed dnmt1 as a potential testicular epimarker and the expression of ovarian cyp19a1a as a potential biomarker for predicting stress originated from high densities during the early stages of development. These findings highlight the importance of rearing densities by long-lasting effects in adulthood conveying cautions for stocking protocols in fish hatcheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Valdivieso
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Marta Caballero-Huertas
- CIRAD, UMR ISEM, 34398 Montpellier, France;
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Javier Moraleda-Prados
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICM-CSIC), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (J.M.-P.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesc Piferrer
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICM-CSIC), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (J.M.-P.); (F.P.)
| | - Laia Ribas
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICM-CSIC), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (J.M.-P.); (F.P.)
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15
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Grigg AG, Lowi-Merri TM, Hutchings JA, Massey MD. Thermal variability induces sex-specific morphometric changes in zebrafish (Danio rerio). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 103:839-850. [PMID: 37679944 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
In nature, organisms are exposed to variable environmental conditions that impact their performance and fitness. Despite the ubiquity of environmental variability, substantial knowledge gaps in our understanding of organismal responses to nonconstant thermal regimes remain. In the present study, using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism, we applied geometric morphometric methods to examine how challenging but ecologically realistic diel thermal fluctuations experienced during different life stages influence adult body shape, size, and condition. Zebrafish were exposed to either thermal fluctuations (22-32°C) or a static optimal temperature (27°C) sharing the same thermal mean during an early period spanning embryonic and larval ontogeny (days 0-30), a later period spanning juvenile and adult ontogeny (days 31-210), or a combination of both. We found that body shape, size, and condition were affected by thermal variability, but these plasticity-mediated changes were dependent on the timing of ontogenetic exposure. Notably, after experiencing fluctuating temperatures during early ontogeny, females displayed a deeper abdomen while males displayed an elongated caudal peduncle region. Moreover, males displayed beneficial acclimation of body condition under lifelong fluctuating temperature exposure, whereas females did not. The present study, using ecologically realistic thermal regimes, provides insight into the timing of environmental experiences that generate phenotypic variation in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Grigg
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - J A Hutchings
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Flødevigen Marine Research Station, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - M D Massey
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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16
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Sykes NTB, Kolora SRR, Sudmant PH, Owens GL. Rapid turnover and evolution of sex-determining regions in Sebastes rockfishes. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:5013-5027. [PMID: 37548650 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Nature has evolved a wealth of sex determination (SD) mechanisms, driven by both genetic and environmental factors. Recent studies of SD in fishes have shown that not all taxa fit the classic paradigm of sex chromosome evolution and diverse SD methods can be found even among closely related species. Here, we apply a suite of genomic approaches to investigate sex-biased genomic variation in eight species of Sebastes rockfish found in the northeast Pacific Ocean. Using recently assembled chromosome-level rockfish genomes, we leverage published sequence data to identify disparate sex chromosomes and sex-biased loci in five species. We identify two putative male sex chromosomes in S. diaconus, a single putative sex chromosome in the sibling species S. carnatus and S. chrysomelas, and an unplaced sex determining contig in the sibling species S. miniatus and S. crocotulus. Our study provides evidence for disparate means of sex determination within a recently diverged set of species and sheds light on the diverse origins of sex determination mechanisms present in the animal kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T B Sykes
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sree Rohit Raj Kolora
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Peter H Sudmant
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Gregory L Owens
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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17
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Kitano J, Ansai S, Fujimoto S, Kakioka R, Sato M, Mandagi IF, Sumarto BKA, Yamahira K. A Cryptic Sex-Linked Locus Revealed by the Elimination of a Master Sex-Determining Locus in Medaka Fish. Am Nat 2023; 202:231-240. [PMID: 37531272 DOI: 10.1086/724840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractSex chromosomes rapidly turn over in several taxonomic groups. Sex chromosome turnover is generally thought to start with the appearance of a new sex-determining gene on an autosome while an old sex-determining gene still exists, followed by the fixation of the new one. However, we do not know how prevalent the transient state is, where multiple sex-determining loci coexist within natural populations. Here, we removed a Y chromosome with a master male-determining gene DMY from medaka fish using high temperature-induced sex-reversed males. After four generations, the genomic characteristics of a sex chromosome were found on one chromosome, which was an autosome in the original population. Thus, the elimination of a master sex-determining locus can reveal a cryptic locus with a possible sex-determining effect, which can be the seed for sex chromosome turnover. Our results suggest that populations that seem to have a single-locus XY system may have other chromosomal regions with sex-determining effects. In conclusion, the coexistence of multiple sex-determining genes in a natural population may be more prevalent than previously thought. Experimental elimination of a master sex-determining locus may serve as a promising method for finding a locus that can be a protosex chromosome.
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Nemesházi E, Bókony V. HerpSexDet: the herpetological database of sex determination and sex reversal. Sci Data 2023; 10:377. [PMID: 37311775 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02268-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Wildlife exhibits various sex-determination systems where sex chromosomes and environmental temperatures may both contribute to individual sexual development. The causes and consequences of this variability are important questions for evolutionary ecology, especially in light of ongoing environmental change. Amphibians and reptiles are emerging as a key group for studying these questions, with new data accumulating acceleratingly. We collected empirical data from earlier databases, reviews and primary literature to create the most up-to-date database on herpetological sex determination. We named our database HerpSexDet, which currently features data on genetic and temperature-dependent sex determination as well as reports on sex reversal for a total of 192 amphibian and 697 reptile species. This dataset, which we will regularly update in the future, facilitates interspecific comparative studies on the evolution of sex determination and its consequences for species-specific traits such as life history and conservation status, and may also help guiding future research by identifying species or higher taxa that are potentially most enlightening for the study of environmentally driven sex reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Nemesházi
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstr. 1a, A-1160, Vienna, Austria.
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária Krt. 21, H-1143, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Veronika Bókony
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Herman Ottó u. 15, H-1022, Budapest, Hungary.
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19
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de Alba G, Cámara-Ruiz M, Esteban MÁ, Sánchez-Vázquez FJ, López-Olmeda JF. Combined effects of rearing temperature regime (thermocycle vs. constant temperature) during early development and thermal treatment on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) sex differentiation. J Therm Biol 2023; 115:103596. [PMID: 37327616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In nature, water temperature experiences daily variations known as thermocycles. Temperature is the main environmental factor that influences sex determination in most teleost fish. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of rearing temperature (thermocycle (TC) vs. constant (CTE)) on development and a posterior thermal shock throughout the period of sex differentiation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Embryos and larvae were kept under two temperature regimes: TC of 31 °C:25 °C day:night vs. CTE of 28 °C from 0 to 11 dpf. After this period, the larvae from each group were subjected to either heat treatment (HT, 36 °C for 12 days) or kept under the same rearing temperatures until 23 dpf (Control, C). Then all the groups remained at constant temperature until 270 dpf, when blood and gonads were collected. Larval samples were used to examine the expression of genes related to male (amh, ara, sox9a, dmrt1a) and female (cyp19a1a, foxl2, era) sexual differentiation. In juveniles, sex was characterized by histology, the gonadal expression of the genes involved in the sex steroid synthesis was analyzed by qPCR, and plasma testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) levels were analyzed by ELISA. In larvae, daily TCs increased the survival rate against HT and up-regulated the expression of ovarian differentiation genes. In juveniles, TC + C induced a higher proportion of females and higher cyp19a1a expression compared to CTE + C. HT induced changes in the CTE group by up-regulating testicular differentiation genes and down-regulating female promoting genes, which did not occur in the TC group. Juveniles from TC + C group presented a higher proportion of females with higher E2 and cyp19a1a than CTE + HT. Fish from the CTE + HT group showed a higher percentage of males with highest T and amh. These findings indicate that daily TCs during larval development promote ovarian differentiation and diminish the masculinizing effects of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo de Alba
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence ''Campus Mare Nostrum'', University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Cámara-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence ''Campus Mare Nostrum'', University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence ''Campus Mare Nostrum'', University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Sánchez-Vázquez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence ''Campus Mare Nostrum'', University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Fernando López-Olmeda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence ''Campus Mare Nostrum'', University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Hancock GM, Sancho G, Munch SB, Salinas S. Effects of daily thermal fluctuations on the Atlantic silverside, a fish with temperature-dependent sex determination. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 102:1261-1266. [PMID: 36894330 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) occurs when the temperature during development affects gonad determination. Historically, most work on TSD in fishes was conducted under constant temperatures, yet daily fluctuating temperatures can significantly alter fish physiology and life history. Thus, we subjected the Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia (a TSD species), to 28, 28 ± 2 and 28 ± 4°C (a high, masculinizing temperature) and quantified sex ratios and length. We found that the percentage of females increased by 60%-70% when the fish were exposed to daily fluctuating temperatures (from 10% to 16% and 17% under fluctuations).
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Hancock
- Department of Biology, Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo, MI, 49006, USA
| | - Gorka Sancho
- College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
| | - Stephan B Munch
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Santiago Salinas
- Department of Biology, Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo, MI, 49006, USA
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21
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Wei WY, Gong Y, Guo XF, Liu M, Zhou YL, Li Z, Zhou L, Wang ZW, Gui JF. Gonadal transcriptomes reveal sex-biased expression genes associated with sex determination and differentiation in red-tail catfish (Hemibagrus wyckioides). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:183. [PMID: 37024792 PMCID: PMC10077648 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09264-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red-tail catfish (Hemibagrus wyckioides) is an important commercially farmed catfish in southern China. Males of red-tail catfish grow faster than females, suggesting that all-male catfish will produce more significant economic benefits in aquaculture practice. However, little research has been reported on sex determination and gonadal development in red-tail catfish. RESULTS In this study, we performed the first transcriptomic analysis of male and female gonads at four developmental stages at 10, 18, 30, and 48 days post hatching (dph) using RNA-seq technology. A total of 23,588 genes were screened in 24 sequenced samples, of which 28, 213, 636, and 1381 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected at four developmental stages, respectively. Seven candidate genes of sex determination and differentiation were further identified. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) further confirmed that anti-Mullerian hormone (amh), growth differentiation factor 6a (gdf6a), testis-specific gene antigen 10 (tsga10), and cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A (cyp17a) were highly expressed mainly in the male, while cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A polypeptide 1b (cyp19a1b), forkhead box L2 (foxl2), and hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 1 (hsd17b1) were highly expressed in the female. The KEGG pathway enrichment data showed that these identified DEGs were mainly involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis and TGF-β signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Based on RNA-seq data of gonads at the early developmental stages, seven DEGs shared by the four developmental stages were identified, among which amh and gdf6a may be the male-biased expression genes, while foxl2, cyp19a1b and hsd17b1 may be the female-biased expression genes in red-tail catfish. Our study will provide crucial genetic information for the research on sex control in red-tail catfish, as well as for exploring the evolutionary processes of sex determination mechanisms in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Wei
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yi Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin-Fen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu-Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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22
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Amh/Amhr2 Signaling Causes Masculinization by Inhibiting Estrogen Synthesis during Gonadal Sex Differentiation in Japanese Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032480. [PMID: 36768803 PMCID: PMC9917198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-Müllerian hormone (Amh) is a protein belonging to the TGF-β superfamily, the function of which has been considered important for male sex differentiation in vertebrates. The Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is a teleost fish that has an XX/XY sex determination system and temperature-dependent sex determination. In this species, amh expression is up-regulated in genetic males and in temperature-induced masculinization during the sex differentiation period. However, to the best of our knowledge, no reports on the Amh receptor (Amhr2) in flounder have been published, and the details of Amh signaling remain unclear. In this study, we produced amhr2-deficient mutants using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and analyzed the gonadal phenotypes and sex-related genes. The results revealed that the gonads of genetically male amhr2 mutants featured typical ovaries, and the sex differentiation-related genes showed a female expression pattern. Thus, the loss of Amhr2 function causes male-to-female sex reversal in Japanese flounder. Moreover, the treatment of genetically male amhr2 mutants with an aromatase inhibitor fadrozole, which inhibits estrogen synthesis, resulted in testicular formation. These results strongly suggest that Amh/Amhr2 signaling causes masculinization by inhibiting estrogen synthesis during gonadal sex differentiation in the flounder.
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23
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Holhorea PG, Felip A, Calduch-Giner JÀ, Afonso JM, Pérez-Sánchez J. Use of male-to-female sex reversal as a welfare scoring system in the protandrous farmed gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata). Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1083255. [PMID: 36699328 PMCID: PMC9868933 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1083255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Gilthead sea bream is a highly cultured marine fish throughout the Mediterranean area, but new and strict criteria of welfare are needed to assure that the intensification of production has no negative effects on animal farming. Most welfare indicators are specific to a given phase of the production cycle, but others such as the timing of puberty and/or sex reversal are of retrospective value. This is of particular relevance in the protandrous gilthead sea bream, in which the sex ratio is highly regulated at the nutritional level. Social and environmental factors (e.g., contaminant loads) also alter the sex ratio, but the contribution of the genetic component remains unclear. To assess this complex issue, five gilthead sea bream families representative of slow/intermediate/fast growth were grown out with control or a plant-based diet in a common garden system from early life to the completion of their sexual maturity in 3-year-old fish. The plant-based diet highly enhanced the male-to-female sex reversal. This occurred in parallel with the progressive impairment of growth performance, which was indicative of changes in nutrient requirements as the result of the different energy demands for growth and reproduction through development. The effect of a different nutritional and genetic background on the reproductive performance was also assessed by measurements of circulating levels of sex steroids during the two consecutive spawning seasons, varying plasma levels of 17β-estradiol (E2) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) with age, gender, diet, and genetic background. Principal component analysis (PCA) of 3-year-old fish displayed a gradual increase of the E2/11-KT ratio from males to females with the improvement of nutritional/genetic background. Altogether, these results support the use of a reproductive tract scoring system for leading farmed fish toward their optimum welfare condition, contributing to improving the productivity of the current gilthead sea bream livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Holhorea
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, CSIC, Castellón, Spain
| | - Alicia Felip
- Group of Fish Reproductive Physiology, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, CSIC, Castellón, Spain
| | - Josep À Calduch-Giner
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, CSIC, Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Afonso
- Aquaculture Research Group, Institute of Sustainable Aquaculture and Marine Ecosystems (IU-ECOAQUA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, CSIC, Castellón, Spain
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24
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Del Fresno PS, Garcia de Souza JR, Colautti DC, Yamamoto Y, Yokota M, Strüssmann CA, Miranda LA. Sex reversal of pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis), a species with temperature-dependent sex determination, in a seminatural environment. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 102:75-82. [PMID: 36217918 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the changes in sex ratios and sex reversal rates in pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis that occur with the progression of the spawning season in a seminatural setting. Four groups of hatchery-produced pejerrey larvae were stocked in floating cages in La Salada de Monasterio lake (Pampas region), a natural habitat of this species, and reared from hatching beyond gonadal sex determination with minimum human interference. Cage 1 was stocked at the beginning of the spring spawning season and the other cages were stocked with monthly delays until cage 4 in early summer. The genotypic (amhy+, XY/YY; amhy-, XX) and phenotypic (testis, male; ovary, female) sex ratios and proportions of genotype/phenotype mismatched individuals were estimated and their relation to water temperature and daylength during the experiment was analysed by generalized linear modelling. Water temperature varied between 11 and 30.5°C, and daylength duration between 11 h 22 min and 14 h 35 min. Sex genotyping revealed nearly balanced sex ratios of XY/YY (46%-49.1%) and XX (50.9%-54%) fish in cages 2-4 whereas the genotypic sex ratio in cage 1 was clearly biased towards XY/YY fish (60.6%). Phenotypic males ranged from 42% to 54.4% in cages 1-3. Cage 4, in turn, had significantly more phenotypic males (66%). The percentage of XX males (phenotypic male/genotypic female) was 23.1% in cage 1, decreased to a minimum of 5.4% in cage 2 and gradually increased in cages 3 and 4 to a maximum of 40.7% in the latter. The percentages of XY/YY females (phenotypic female/genotypic male) were highest in cage 1 (30%) and decreased progressively in the other cages to a significantly lower value (4.3%) in cage 4. These results generally support the findings of laboratory studies on the effect of temperature on the sex determination of this species and also provide novel evidence of a XX genotype-specific masculinizing effect of short daylength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela S Del Fresno
- Laboratorio de Ictiofisiología y Acuicultura, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM) Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Darío C Colautti
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" ILPLA-(CONICET-UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yoji Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Yokota
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Carlos A Strüssmann
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Leandro A Miranda
- Laboratorio de Ictiofisiología y Acuicultura, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM) Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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25
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Wang W, Yang Y, Tan S, Zhou T, Liu Y, Tian C, Bao L, Xing D, Su B, Wang J, Zhang Y, Liu S, Shi H, Gao D, Dunham R, Liu Z. Genomic imprinting-like monoallelic paternal expression determines sex of channel catfish. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadc8786. [PMID: 36542716 PMCID: PMC9770954 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc8786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The X and Y chromosomes of channel catfish have the same gene contents. Here, we report allelic hypermethylation of the X chromosome within the sex determination region (SDR). Accordingly, the X-borne hydin-1 gene was silenced, whereas the Y-borne hydin-1 gene was expressed, making monoallelic expression of hydin-1 responsible for sex determination, much like genomic imprinting. Treatment with a methylation inhibitor, 5-aza-dC, erased the epigenetic marks within the SDR and caused sex reversal of genetic females into phenotypic males. After the treatment, hydin-1 and six other genes related to cell cycle control and proliferative growth were up-regulated, while three genes related to female sex differentiation were down-regulated in genetic females, providing additional support for epigenetic sex determination in catfish. This mechanism of sex determination provides insights into the plasticity of genetic sex determination in lower vertebrates and its connection with temperature sex determination where DNA methylation is broadly involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Yujia Yang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Suxu Tan
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Tao Zhou
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Changxu Tian
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Lisui Bao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - De Xing
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Baofeng Su
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jinhai Wang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Shikai Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Huitong Shi
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Dongya Gao
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Rex Dunham
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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26
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Smaga CR, Bock SL, Johnson JM, Parrott BB. Sex Determination and Ovarian Development in Reptiles and Amphibians: From Genetic Pathways to Environmental Influences. Sex Dev 2022; 17:99-119. [PMID: 36380624 DOI: 10.1159/000526009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reptiles and amphibians provide untapped potential for discovering how a diversity of genetic pathways and environmental conditions are incorporated into developmental processes that can lead to similar functional outcomes. These groups display a multitude of reproductive strategies, and whereas many attributes are conserved within groups and even across vertebrates, several aspects of sexual development show considerable variation. SUMMARY In this review, we focus our attention on the development of the reptilian and amphibian ovary. First, we review and describe the events leading to ovarian development, including sex determination and ovarian maturation, through a comparative lens. We then describe how these events are influenced by environmental factors, focusing on temperature and exposure to anthropogenic chemicals. Lastly, we identify critical knowledge gaps and future research directions that will be crucial to moving forward in our understanding of ovarian development and the influences of the environment in reptiles and amphibians. KEY MESSAGES Reptiles and amphibians provide excellent models for understanding the diversity of sex determination strategies and reproductive development. However, a greater understanding of the basic biology of these systems is necessary for deciphering the adaptive and potentially disruptive implications of embryo-by-environment interactions in a rapidly changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Smaga
- Eugene P. Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina, USA
| | - Samantha L Bock
- Eugene P. Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina, USA
| | - Josiah M Johnson
- Eugene P. Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina, USA
| | - Benjamin B Parrott
- Eugene P. Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina, USA
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27
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van Gelderen TA, Montfort J, Álvarez-Dios JA, Thermes V, Piferrer F, Bobe J, Ribas L. Deciphering sex-specific miRNAs as heat-recorders in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18722. [PMID: 36333360 PMCID: PMC9636255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21864-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, a plethora of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been reported in a wide variety of physiological processes, including reproduction, in many aquatic organisms. However, miRNAome alterations occurred by environmental cues due to water temperature increment have not yet been elucidated. With the aim to identify epigenetic regulations mediated by miRNAs in the gonads in a climate change scenario, the animal model zebrafish (Danio rerio) were subjected to high temperatures during sex differentiation, a treatment that results in male-skewed sex ratios in the adulthood. Once the fish reached adulthood, gonads were sequenced by high-throughput technologies and a total of 23 and 1 differentially expressed miRNAs in ovaries and testes, respectively, were identified two months after the heat treatment. Most of these heat-recorder miRNAs were involved in human sex-related cancer and about 400 predicted-target genes were obtained, some with reproduction-related functions. Their synteny in the zebrafish genome was, for more than half of the predicted target genes, in the chromosomes 7, 2, 4, 3 and 11 in the ovaries, chromosome 4 being the place where the sex-associated-region (sar) is localized in wild zebrafish. Further, spatial localization in the gonads of two selected heat-recorder miRNAs (miR-122-5p and miR-146-5p) showed exclusive expression in the ovarian germ cells. The present study expands the catalog of sex-specific miRNAs and deciphers, for the first time, thermosensitive miRNAs in the zebrafish gonads that might be used as potential epimarkers to predict environmental past events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosca A van Gelderen
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICM-CSIC), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- PhD Program in Genetics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jérôme Montfort
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons, INRAE, Rennes, France
| | - José Antonio Álvarez-Dios
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada, Facultad de Matemáticas, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15781, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Violette Thermes
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons, INRAE, Rennes, France
| | - Francesc Piferrer
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICM-CSIC), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julien Bobe
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons, INRAE, Rennes, France
| | - Laia Ribas
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICM-CSIC), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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28
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Bock SL, Smaga CR, McCoy JA, Parrott BB. Genome-wide DNA methylation patterns harbour signatures of hatchling sex and past incubation temperature in a species with environmental sex determination. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:5487-5505. [PMID: 35997618 PMCID: PMC9826120 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Conservation of thermally sensitive species depends on monitoring organismal and population-level responses to environmental change in real time. Epigenetic processes are increasingly recognized as key integrators of environmental conditions into developmentally plastic responses, and attendant epigenomic data sets hold potential for revealing cryptic phenotypes relevant to conservation efforts. Here, we demonstrate the utility of genome-wide DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns in the face of climate change for a group of especially vulnerable species, those with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). Due to their reliance on thermal cues during development to determine sexual fate, contemporary shifts in temperature are predicted to skew offspring sex ratios and ultimately destabilize sensitive populations. Using reduced-representation bisulphite sequencing, we profiled the DNA methylome in blood cells of hatchling American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis), a TSD species lacking reliable markers of sexual dimorphism in early life stages. We identified 120 sex-associated differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs; FDR < 0.1) in hatchlings incubated under a range of temperatures, as well as 707 unique temperature-associated DMCs. We further developed DNAm-based models capable of predicting hatchling sex with 100% accuracy (in 20 training samples and four test samples) and past incubation temperature with a mean absolute error of 1.2°C (in four test samples) based on the methylation status of 20 and 24 loci, respectively. Though largely independent of epigenomic patterning occurring in the embryonic gonad during TSD, DNAm patterns in blood cells may serve as nonlethal markers of hatchling sex and past incubation conditions in conservation applications. These findings also raise intriguing questions regarding tissue-specific epigenomic patterning in the context of developmental plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Bock
- Eugene P. Odum School of EcologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryAikenSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Christopher R. Smaga
- Eugene P. Odum School of EcologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryAikenSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jessica A. McCoy
- Department of BiologyCollege of CharlestonCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Benjamin B. Parrott
- Eugene P. Odum School of EcologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryAikenSouth CarolinaUSA
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29
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Valdivieso A, Wilson CA, Amores A, da Silva Rodrigues M, Nóbrega RH, Ribas L, Postlethwait JH, Piferrer F. Environmentally-induced sex reversal in fish with chromosomal vs. polygenic sex determination. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113549. [PMID: 35618011 PMCID: PMC9620983 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sex ratio depends on sex determination mechanisms and is a key demographic parameter determining population viability and resilience to natural and anthropogenic stressors. There is increasing evidence that the environment can alter sex ratio even in genetically sex-determined species (GSD), as elevated temperature can cause female-to-male sex reversal (neomales). Alarmingly, neomales are being discovered in natural populations of several fish, amphibian and reptile species worldwide. Understanding the basis of neomale development is important for conservation biology. Among GSD species, it is unknown whether those with chromosomal sex determination (CSD), the most common system, will better resist the influence of high temperature than those with polygenic sex determination (PSD). Here, we compared the effects of elevated temperature in two wild zebrafish strains, Nadia (NA) and Ekkwill (EKW), which have CSD with a ZZ/ZW system, against the AB laboratory strain, which has PSD. First, we uncovered novel sex genotypes and the results showed that, at control temperature, the masculinization rate roughly doubled with the addition of each Z chromosome, while some ZW and WW fish of the wild strains became neomales. Surprisingly, we found that at elevated temperatures WW fish were just as likely as ZW fish to become neomales and that all strains were equally susceptible to masculinization. These results demonstrate that the Z chromosome is not essential for male development and that the dose of W buffers masculinization at the control temperature but not at elevated temperature. Furthermore, at the elevated temperature the testes of neomales, but not of normal males, contained more spermatozoa than at the control temperature. Our results show in an unprecedented way that, in a global warming scenario, CSD species may not necessarily be better protected against the masculinizing effect of elevated temperature than PSD species, and reveal genotype-by-temperature interactions in male sex determination and spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Valdivieso
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Angel Amores
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Maira da Silva Rodrigues
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Henrique Nóbrega
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laia Ribas
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Francesc Piferrer
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain.
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30
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Zhou M, Yao Z, Zhao M, Fang Q, Ji X, Chen H, Zhao Y. Molecular Cloning and Expression Responses of Jarid2b to High-Temperature Treatment in Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1719. [PMID: 36292604 PMCID: PMC9602145 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nile tilapia is a GSD + TE (Genetic Sex Determination + Temperature Effect) fish, and high-temperature treatment during critical thermosensitive periods (TSP) can induce the sex reversal of Nile tilapia genetic females, and brain transcriptomes have revealed the upregulation of Jarid2 (Jumonji and AT-rich domain containing 2) expression after 36 °C high-temperature treatment for 12 days during TSP. It was shown that JARID2 forms a complex with polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) that catalyzed H3K27me3, which was strongly associated with transcriptional repression. In this study, Jarid2b was cloned and characterized in Nile tilapia, which was highly conserved among the analyzed fish species. The expression of Jarid2b was upregulated in the gonad of 21 dpf XX genetic females after 12-day high-temperature treatment and reached a similar level to that of males. Similar responses to high-temperature treatment also appeared in the brain, heart, liver, muscle, eye, and skin tissues. Interestingly, Jarid2b expression was only in response to high-temperature treatment, and not to 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) or letrozole treatments; although, these treatments can also induce the sex reversal of genetic Nile tilapia females. Further studies revealed that Jarid2b responded rapidly at the 8th hour after high-temperature treatment. Considering that JARID2 can recruit PRC2 and establish H3K27me3, we speculated that it might be an upstream gene participating in the regulation of Nile tilapia GSD + TE through regulating the H3K27 methylation level at the locus of many sex differentiation-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, China
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31
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Zhang W, Wang H, Brandt DYC, Hu B, Sheng J, Wang M, Luo H, Li Y, Guo S, Sheng B, Zeng Q, Peng K, Zhao D, Jian S, Wu D, Wang J, Zhao G, Ren J, Shi W, van Esch JHM, Klingunga S, Nielsen R, Hong Y. The genetic architecture of phenotypic diversity in the Betta fish ( Betta splendens). SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm4955. [PMID: 36129976 PMCID: PMC9491723 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm4955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Betta fish displays a remarkable variety of phenotypes selected during domestication. However, the genetic basis underlying these traits remains largely unexplored. Here, we report a high-quality genome assembly and resequencing of 727 individuals representing diverse morphotypes of the Betta fish. We show that current breeds have a complex domestication history with extensive introgression with wild species. Using a genome-wide association study, we identify the genetic basis of multiple traits, including coloration patterns, the "Dumbo" phenotype with pectoral fin outgrowth, extraordinary enlargement of body size that we map to a major locus on chromosome 8, the sex determination locus that we map to dmrt1, and the long-fin phenotype that maps to the locus containing kcnj15. We also identify a polygenic signal related to aggression, involving multiple neural system-related genes such as esyt2, apbb2, and pank2. Our study provides a resource for developing the Betta fish as a genetic model for morphological and behavioral research in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hongru Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Débora Y. C. Brandt
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Beijuan Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Junqing Sheng
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Mengnan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Haijiang Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yahui Li
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Shujie Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Bin Sheng
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Kou Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Daxian Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shaoqing Jian
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Di Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Junhua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Guang Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jun Ren
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wentian Shi
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - Joep H. M. van Esch
- Biology and Medical Laboratory Research, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam 3015, Netherlands
| | - Sirawut Klingunga
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Rasmus Nielsen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-1165, Denmark
| | - Yijiang Hong
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources and Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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32
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Wen M, Pan Q, Larson W, Eché C, Guiguen Y. Characterization of the sex determining region of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and development of a sex-genotyping test. Gene X 2022; 850:146933. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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33
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Why empresses have more sons? Maternal instant social condition determines it. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-022-03228-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Sexual selection echoed by the sex ratio is a critical issue in evolution and reproductive biology studies, and the second sex ratio (sex ratio at birth, SRB) is an important evaluation indicator for sex regulation. However, broad debates on sex ratio at birth exist due to the lack of a clear spatiotemporal genealogical database. This study explicitly tests the Trivers and Willard’s hypothesis stating that parents with good social conditions tend to show a male-biased SRB. Using a database of Chinese imperial families from 211BC to 1912 (2142 years) which avoids the spatiotemporal confusion of data thanks to its clear boundaries and long timespan, we found that a proportion of males at birth was 0.54. In particular, the results indicate that the empresses generated a significantly higher male-biased SRB than the concubines within the imperial harems (0.61 vs 0.53), while the SRB of concubines was not higher than ordinary people (0.53 vs 0.52). A significant difference of SRB before and after empress coronation (0.48 vs 0.65) was detected, indicating that the change to a higher social status is the leading cause of a biased SRB. These findings suggest that mothers with privileged instant social conditions tend to generate more boys than girls. In other words, a higher maternal social rank during the conception period, instead of rich resources, forms the primary mechanism regulating the SRB.
Significance statement
Adaptive sex ratio has been a debatable topic difficult to clearly verify since the publication of Trivers and Willard Hypothesis in 1973, which proposes that parents who have good conditions should produce more male offspring. The one reason is that the validity and sample size of the databases used contained unavoidable confounding noise, both genealogically and genetically. To overcome these issues, we specifically compiled a historical database of Chinese imperial families, which are characterized by a confined mating harem and unique eunuch system, guaranteeing biological and genetic purity with precise genealogical relationships and genetic linkages between the parents and the offspring. Thus, this is an extraordinary effort to clarify the hypotheses proposed by TWH and other hypotheses.
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34
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Hosseini S, Trakooljul N, Hirschfeld M, Wimmers K, Simianer H, Tetens J, Sharifi AR, Brenig B. Epigenetic Regulation of Phenotypic Sexual Plasticity Inducing Skewed Sex Ratio in Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:880779. [PMID: 35912111 PMCID: PMC9334531 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.880779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasticity of sexual phenotype in response to environmental conditions results in biased sex ratios, and their variation has an effect on population dynamics. Epigenetic modifications can modulate sex ratio variation in species, where sex is determined by genetic and environmental factors. However, the role of epigenetic mechanisms underlying skewed sex ratios is far from being clear and is still an object of debate in evolutionary developmental biology. In this study, we used zebrafish as a model animal to investigate the effect of DNA methylation on sex ratio variation in sex-biased families in response to environmental temperature. Two sex-biased families with a significant difference in sex ratio were selected for genome-wide DNA methylation analysis using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). The results showed significant genome-wide methylation differences between male-biased and female-biased families, with a greater number of methylated CpG sites in testes than ovaries. Likewise, pronounced differences between testes and ovaries were identified within both families, where the male-biased family exhibited a higher number of methylated sites than the female-biased family. The effect of temperature showed more methylated positions in the high incubation temperature than the control temperature. We found differential methylation of many reproduction-related genes (e.g., sox9a, nr5a2, lhx8a, gata4) and genes involved in epigenetic mechanisms (e.g., dnmt3bb.1, dimt1l, hdac11, h1m) in both families. We conclude that epigenetic modifications can influence the sex ratio variation in zebrafish families and may generate skewed sex ratios, which could have a negative consequence for population fitness in species with genotype-environment interaction sex-determining system under rapid environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrbanou Hosseini
- Molecular Biology of Livestock and Molecular Diagnostics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Functional Breeding Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Shahrbanou Hosseini, ; Nares Trakooljul,
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Genomics Unit, Dummerstorf, Germany
- *Correspondence: Shahrbanou Hosseini, ; Nares Trakooljul,
| | - Marc Hirschfeld
- Molecular Biology of Livestock and Molecular Diagnostics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Genomics Unit, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Henner Simianer
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Tetens
- Functional Breeding Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ahmad Reza Sharifi
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bertram Brenig
- Molecular Biology of Livestock and Molecular Diagnostics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
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35
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McCall BL, Fluker BL. Population Characteristics of the Etheostoma pallididorsum Distler and Metcalf (Paleback Darter), a Narrowly Distributed Endemic in the Ouachita Highlands, Arkansas. SOUTHEAST NAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1656/058.021.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L. McCall
- Arkansas State University Department of Environmental Sciences, Jonesboro, AR 72401
| | - Brook L. Fluker
- Arkansas State University Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, 2713 Pawnee Building A, Jonesboro, AR 72401
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36
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Spinks RK, Donelson JM, Bonzi LC, Ravasi T, Munday PL. Parents exposed to warming produce offspring lower in weight and condition. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9044. [PMID: 35866024 PMCID: PMC9288889 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The parental environment can alter offspring phenotypes via the transfer of non‐genetic information. Parental effects may be viewed as an extension of (within‐generation) phenotypic plasticity. Smaller size, poorer physical condition, and skewed sex ratios are common responses of organisms to global warming, yet whether parental effects alleviate, exacerbate, or have no impact on these responses has not been widely tested. Further, the relative non‐genetic influence of mothers and fathers and ontogenetic timing of parental exposure to warming on offspring phenotypes is poorly understood. Here, we tested how maternal, paternal, and biparental exposure of a coral reef fish (Acanthochromis polyacanthus) to elevated temperature (+1.5°C) at different ontogenetic stages (development vs reproduction) influences offspring length, weight, condition, and sex. Fish were reared across two generations in present‐day and projected ocean warming in a full factorial design. As expected, offspring of parents exposed to present‐day control temperature that were reared in warmer water were shorter than their siblings reared in control temperature; however, within‐generation plasticity allowed maintenance of weight, resulting in a higher body condition. Parental exposure to warming, irrespective of ontogenetic timing and sex, resulted in decreased weight and condition in all offspring rearing temperatures. By contrast, offspring sex ratios were not strongly influenced by their rearing temperature or that of their parents. Together, our results reveal that phenotypic plasticity may help coral reef fishes maintain performance in a warm ocean within a generation, but could exacerbate the negative effects of warming between generations, regardless of when mothers and fathers are exposed to warming. Alternatively, the multigenerational impact on offspring weight and condition may be a necessary cost to adapt metabolism to increasing temperatures. This research highlights the importance of examining phenotypic plasticity within and between generations across a range of traits to accurately predict how organisms will respond to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Spinks
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Jennifer M Donelson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Lucrezia C Bonzi
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Red Sea Research Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia
| | - Timothy Ravasi
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia.,Marine Climate Change Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna Japan
| | - Philip L Munday
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
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37
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Yu Y, Chen M, Lu ZY, Liu Y, Li B, Gao ZX, Shen ZG. High-temperature stress will put the thermo-sensitive teleost yellow catfish (Tachysurus fulvidraco) in danger through reducing reproductivity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 239:113638. [PMID: 35597142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, concerns for species that sex differentiation is influenced by temperature in the context of global warming have increased because disrupted operational sex ratios could threaten population maintenance. In contrast, little attention has been given to the reproductive ability of populations that experienced elevated temperatures. In this study, we demonstrated that high temperature (HT) would decrease population size via three different aspects of reproductive ability for the first time. We show that, in a thermo-sensitive teleost yellow catfish, a short period of HT (+3 °C) exposure during the critical period of sex differentiation leads to a different percentage of masculinization of XX genotypic females (1-23%) in wet-lab and natural water bodies. Combining the results of gonadal appearance, histology, sperm parameters, and fertilization rate, we found that XX pseudo-males induced by HT display significantly discounted fertility and reproductive performance compared to XY normal males. We demonstrate that the survival of the XY genotype is lower than XX genotype under environmental stress, including HT, hypoxia, and parasite infection, and the differential survival seems unrelated to male-biased sexual size dimorphism. The mathematical model predicts that the phenotypic female percent will be stabilized at 50% and the population will be sustainably maintained when masculinizing force is less than 0.5, while HT will put the population in danger when the masculinizing force exceeds 0.5. However, when we combine the real-world data of reproductive ability and mathematic model, our results suggest the population size decreases and the long-term survival of the studied species are threatened under the projected pace of increasing temperature. These findings will be useful for understanding the long-term effects of increasing temperature on sex ratio, reproduction and population maintenance in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zi-Yi Lu
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ya Liu
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Fisheries, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ze-Xia Gao
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhi-Gang Shen
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China.
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38
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Lei L, Chen C, Zhu J, Wang Y, Liu X, Liu H, Geng L, Su J, Li W, Zhu X. Transcriptome analysis reveals key genes and pathways related to sex differentiation in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2022; 42:100986. [PMID: 35447559 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2022.100986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Most vertebrates exhibit sexual dimorphisms in size, colour, behaviour, physiology and many others. The Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) male individuals reach a larger size than females which produce significant economic implications in aquaculture. However, the mechanisms of sex determination and plastic patterns of sex differentiation in P. sinensis remain unclear. Here, comparative transcriptome analysis on male and female embryonic gonads prior to gonad formation and stages mediated gonadal differentiation of P. sinensis were performed to characterize the potential sex-related genes and their molecular pathways in P. sinensis. A total of 6369 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from day 9 and day 16 and assigned to 626 GO pathways and 161 KEGG signalling pathways, including ovarian steroidogenesis pathway, steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways, and the GnRH signalling pathway (P < 0.05). Moreover, protein interaction network analyses revealed that Akr1c3, Sult2b1, Sts, Cyp3a, Cyp1b1, Sox30 and Lhx9 might be key candidate genes for sex differentiation in P. sinensis. These data provide a genomic rationale for the sex differentiation of P. sinensis and enrich the candidate gene pool for sex differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Lei
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510380, PR China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510380, PR China
| | - Junxian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510380, PR China
| | - Yakun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510380, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510380, PR China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510380, PR China
| | - Lulu Geng
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China
| | - Junyu Su
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510380, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510380, PR China.
| | - Xinping Zhu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510380, PR China.
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39
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Dussenne M, Delcourt J, Poncin P, Cornil CA, Parmentier E. Impact of temperature-induced sex reversal on behavior and sound production in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Horm Behav 2022; 142:105173. [PMID: 35550986 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In some fish species, sex is determined by the combination of genetic and environmental factors. In most species concerned, extreme temperatures during the sensitive period of sex differentiation drives masculinization, independently of the female sex chromosomes. In Nile tilapia (XY male heterogamety), XX juveniles exposed to high temperatures (>32 °C) can masculinize and become phenotypical males (neomales). Whether these neomales exhibit a different behavior than XY males remains however unclear. Sex reversal being naturally relevant, we investigated the agonistic behavior of neomales during dyadic fights and the preference of gravid females for one of the two male types. We quantified the behavior, size of the nest, hormone circulating levels (testosterone, 11-ketotestosterone and cortisol) and sound production of the two male types in both contexts. Independently of the individual they face, neomales seem to display more aggressive behaviors than XY males but often fail to become dominant. Agonistic interactions were mainly silent, suggesting that sounds are unnecessary for the establishment of social hierarchy. Although males and neomales produce different kinds of sounds when facing a gravid female, the female does not exhibit a preference. Overall, no differences were observed for hormone circulating concentrations between the two male types. We suggest that the sex chromosomes and/or the sex reversal procedure may have differently shaped the brain of neomales, resulting in differences in the expression of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dussenne
- Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, GIGA Neurosciences, avenue Hippocrate, 15 (B36), University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; Aquaculture Research and Education Center (CEFRA), University of Liege, Tihange, Belgium; Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, UR FOCUS, Allée du Six Août 11, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; Behavioural Biology group, Laboratory of Fish and Amphibian Ethology, Quai Van Beneden 22, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
| | - J Delcourt
- Behavioural Biology group, Laboratory of Fish and Amphibian Ethology, Quai Van Beneden 22, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - P Poncin
- Behavioural Biology group, Laboratory of Fish and Amphibian Ethology, Quai Van Beneden 22, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - C A Cornil
- Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, GIGA Neurosciences, avenue Hippocrate, 15 (B36), University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - E Parmentier
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, UR FOCUS, Allée du Six Août 11, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
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40
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Li XY, Mei J, Ge CT, Liu XL, Gui JF. Sex determination mechanisms and sex control approaches in aquaculture animals. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:1091-1122. [PMID: 35583710 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is one of the most efficient modes of animal protein production and plays an important role in global food security. Aquaculture animals exhibit extraordinarily diverse sexual phenotypes and underlying mechanisms, providing an ideal system to perform sex determination research, one of the important areas in life science. Moreover, sex is also one of the most valuable traits because sexual dimorphism in growth, size, and other economic characteristics commonly exist in aquaculture animals. Here, we synthesize current knowledge of sex determination mechanisms, sex chromosome evolution, reproduction strategies, and sexual dimorphism, and also review several approaches for sex control in aquaculture animals, including artificial gynogenesis, application of sex-specific or sex chromosome-linked markers, artificial sex reversal, as well as gene editing. We anticipate that better understanding of sex determination mechanisms and innovation of sex control approaches will facilitate sustainable development of aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Yin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jie Mei
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chu-Tian Ge
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Xiao-Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Yang Y, Zhou T, Liu Y, Tian C, Bao L, Wang W, Zhang Y, Liu S, Shi H, Tan S, Gao D, Dunham RA, Liu Z. Identification of an Epigenetically Marked Locus within the Sex Determination Region of Channel Catfish. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105471. [PMID: 35628283 PMCID: PMC9171582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Channel catfish has an XY sex determination system. However, the X and Y chromosomes harbor an identical gene content of 950 genes each. In this study, we conducted comparative analyses of methylome and transcriptome of genetic males and genetic females before gonadal differentiation to provide insights into the mechanisms of sex determination. Differentially methylated CpG sites (DMCs) were predominantly identified on the sex chromosome, most notably within the sex determination region (SDR), although the overall methylation profiles across the entire genome were similar between genetic males and females. The drastic differences in methylation were located within the SDR at nucleotide position 14.0–20.3 Mb of the sex chromosome, making this region an epigenetically marked locus within the sex determination region. Most of the differentially methylated CpG sites were hypermethylated in females and hypomethylated in males, suggesting potential involvement of methylation modification in sex determination in channel catfish. Along with the differential methylation in the SDR, a number of differentially expressed genes within the SDR were also identified between genetic males and females, making them potential candidate genes for sex determination and differentiation in channel catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Yang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (Y.Y.); (T.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (L.B.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (S.T.); (R.A.D.)
| | - Tao Zhou
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (Y.Y.); (T.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (L.B.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (S.T.); (R.A.D.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (Y.Y.); (T.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (L.B.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (S.T.); (R.A.D.)
| | - Changxu Tian
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (Y.Y.); (T.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (L.B.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (S.T.); (R.A.D.)
| | - Lisui Bao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (Y.Y.); (T.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (L.B.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (S.T.); (R.A.D.)
| | - Wenwen Wang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (Y.Y.); (T.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (L.B.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (S.T.); (R.A.D.)
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (Y.Y.); (T.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (L.B.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (S.T.); (R.A.D.)
| | - Shikai Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (Y.Y.); (T.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (L.B.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (S.T.); (R.A.D.)
| | - Huitong Shi
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (Y.Y.); (T.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (L.B.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (S.T.); (R.A.D.)
| | - Suxu Tan
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (Y.Y.); (T.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (L.B.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (S.T.); (R.A.D.)
| | - Dongya Gao
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; (D.G.); (Z.L.)
| | - Rex A. Dunham
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (Y.Y.); (T.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (L.B.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (H.S.); (S.T.); (R.A.D.)
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; (D.G.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Nemesházi E, Bókony V. Asymmetrical sex reversal: Does the type of heterogamety predict propensity for sex reversal? Bioessays 2022; 44:e2200039. [PMID: 35543235 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sex reversal, a mismatch between phenotypic and genetic sex, can be induced by chemical and thermal insults in ectotherms. Therefore, climate change and environmental pollution may increase sex-reversal frequency in wild populations, with wide-ranging implications for sex ratios, population dynamics, and the evolution of sex determination. We propose that reconsidering the half-century old theory "Witschi's rule" should facilitate understanding the differences between species in sex-reversal propensity and thereby predicting their vulnerability to anthropogenic environmental change. The idea is that sex reversal should be asymmetrical: more likely to occur in the homogametic sex, assuming that sex-reversed heterogametic individuals would produce new genotypes with reduced fitness. A review of the existing evidence shows that while sex reversal can be induced in both homogametic and heterogametic individuals, the latter seem to require stronger stimuli in several cases. We provide guidelines for future studies on sex reversal to facilitate data comparability and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Nemesházi
- Conservation Genetics Research Group, Department of Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veronika Bókony
- Conservation Genetics Research Group, Department of Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary.,Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
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Othman R, Wang HP, Elabd H, Xie DK, Yao H, O’Bryant P, Rapp D. The effect of density on sex differentiation, sexual dimorphism, stress, and related gene expression in yellow perch. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267904. [PMID: 35507560 PMCID: PMC9067673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A 180-day experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of density on sex differentiation, sexual dimorphism, cortisol level, and stress related gene expression. Yellow perch, Perca flavescens, with initial mean body weight of 0.03 ± 0.001 g were reared in three different stocking densities: 1, 2, and 4 fish/L, termed as low (LD), moderate (MD), and high (HD) density, respectively, in a flow-through tank system. Results showed no significant differences in sex ratio in all density groups compared to normal population 1:1, and sexual size dimorphism (SSD) appeared when male and female were as small as the mean size reaching 11.5 cm and 12.3 cm in total length (TL) or 13.2g and 16.9g in body weight (BW), respectively. This female-biased sexual growth dimorphism was more pronounced in LD, although it was observed across all density groups. A significantly higher condition factor (K) of females than males in the LD group, and significantly higher R values of LD and MD than HD with the length/weight (L/W) linear relationships in females, were observed. Parallelly, fish reared in LD showed significantly higher mean body weight than those in the MD and HD groups, but there were no significant differences between the MD and HD. Similar results were also observed in all the other parameters of weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (K), and survival. These findings suggested that high density not only affected growth itself, but also affected SSD, growth trajectory or body shape, and general wellbeing in fish, especially in females. There were no significant differences in gonadosomatic index (GSI) and viscerosomatic index (VSI) among all the density groups; however, the hepatosomatic index (HSI) of LD was significantly higher than MD and HD, suggesting high density affected liver reserves or functions. Physiologically, plasma cortisol level was significantly highest in the LD among all groups, followed by MD, and lowest in HD. At the molecular level, the expression of the 70-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes involved in cellular stress were significantly upregulated in the HD group. The most significantly downregulated expression of these genes was consistently observed in the MD when compared to the LD and HD groups. In conclusion, increasing density induced chronic stress in yellow perch without affecting sex differentiation, but negatively affected expression of stress-related genes and mobilization of liver reserve, resulting in poorer wellbeing and reduced SSD, growth, and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafidah Othman
- Ohio Center for Aquaculture Research and Development, The Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH, United States of America
| | - Han-Ping Wang
- Ohio Center for Aquaculture Research and Development, The Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiam Elabd
- Ohio Center for Aquaculture Research and Development, The Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH, United States of America
| | - Ding-Kun Xie
- Ohio Center for Aquaculture Research and Development, The Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH, United States of America
| | - Hong Yao
- Ohio Center for Aquaculture Research and Development, The Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH, United States of America
| | - Paul O’Bryant
- Ohio Center for Aquaculture Research and Development, The Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH, United States of America
| | - Dean Rapp
- Ohio Center for Aquaculture Research and Development, The Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH, United States of America
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Leivesley JA, Nancekivell EG, Brooks RJ, Litzgus JD, Rollinson N. Long-term resilience of primary sex ratios in a species with temperature-dependent sex determination after decades of climate warming. Am Nat 2022; 200:532-543. [DOI: 10.1086/720621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wen M, Pan Q, Jouanno E, Montfort J, Zahm M, Cabau C, Klopp C, Iampietro C, Roques C, Bouchez O, Castinel A, Donnadieu C, Parrinello H, Poncet C, Belmonte E, Gautier V, Avarre J, Dugue R, Gustiano R, Hà TTT, Campet M, Sriphairoj K, Ribolli J, de Almeida FL, Desvignes T, Postlethwait JH, Floi Bucao C, Robinson‐Rechavi M, Bobe J, Herpin A, Guiguen Y. An ancient truncated duplication of the anti‐Mullerian hormone receptor type 2 gene is a potential conserved master sex determinant in the Pangasiidae catfish family. Mol Ecol Resour 2022; 22:2411-2428. [PMID: 35429227 PMCID: PMC9555307 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of sex determination (SD) in teleosts is amazingly dynamic, as reflected by the variety of different master sex-determining genes identified. Pangasiids are economically important catfishes in South Asian countries, but little is known about their SD system. Here, we generated novel genomic resources for 12 Pangasiids and characterized their SD system. Based on a Pangasianodon hypophthalmus chromosome-scale genome assembly, we identified an anti-Müllerian hormone receptor type Ⅱ gene (amhr2) duplication, which was further characterized as being sex-linked in males and expressed only in testes. These results point to a Y chromosome male-specific duplication (amhr2by) of the autosomal amhr2a. Sequence annotation revealed that the P. hypophthalmus Amhr2by is truncated in its N-terminal domain, lacking the cysteine-rich extracellular part of the receptor that is crucial for ligand binding, suggesting a potential route for its neofunctionalization. Reference-guided assembly of 11 additional Pangasiids, along with sex-linkage studies, revealed that this truncated amhr2by duplication is a male-specific conserved gene in Pangasiids. Reconstructions of the amhr2 phylogeny suggested that amhr2by arose from an ancient duplication/insertion event at the root of the Siluroidei radiation that is dated to ~100 million years ago. Together these results bring multiple lines of evidence supporting that amhr2by is an ancient and conserved master sex-determining gene in Pangasiids, a finding that highlights the recurrent use of the transforming growth factor β pathway, which is often used for the recruitment of teleost master SD genes, and provides another empirical case towards firther understanding of dynamics of SD systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish College of Life Science Hunan Normal University Changsha China
- INRAE LPGP 35000 Rennes France
| | - Qiaowei Pan
- INRAE LPGP 35000 Rennes France
- Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | | | | | - Margot Zahm
- Plate‐forme bio‐informatique Genotoul Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse INRAE Castanet Tolosan France
| | - Cédric Cabau
- SIGENAE, GenPhySE Université de Toulouse INRAE ENVT Castanet Tolosan France
| | - Christophe Klopp
- Plate‐forme bio‐informatique Genotoul Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse INRAE Castanet Tolosan France
- SIGENAE, GenPhySE Université de Toulouse INRAE ENVT Castanet Tolosan France
| | | | - Céline Roques
- INRAE, US 1426, GeT‐PlaGe Genotoul, Castanet‐Tolosan France
| | | | | | | | - Hugues Parrinello
- Montpellier GenomiX (MGX), c/o Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle 141 rue de la Cardonille 34094 Montpellier Cedex France
| | - Charles Poncet
- GDEC Gentyane INRAE Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Elodie Belmonte
- GDEC Gentyane INRAE Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Véronique Gautier
- GDEC Gentyane INRAE Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | | | - Remi Dugue
- ISEM Univ Montpellier CNRS IRD Montpellier France
| | - Rudhy Gustiano
- Research Institute of Freshwater Fisheries (CRIFI‐RIFF) Instalasi Penelitian Perikanan Air Tawar Jalan Ragunan‐Pasar Minggu P.O. Box 7220/jkspm Jakarta 12540 Indonesia
| | - Trần Thị Thúy Hà
- Research Institute for Aquaculture No.1. Dinh Bang Tu Son, Bac Ninh Viet Nam
| | | | - Kednapat Sriphairoj
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro‐Industry Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus Sakon Nakhon Thailand
| | - Josiane Ribolli
- Laboratório de Biologia e Cultivo de Peixes de Água Doce Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis SC Brasil
| | | | - Thomas Desvignes
- Institute of Neuroscience University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | | | - Christabel Floi Bucao
- Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Marc Robinson‐Rechavi
- Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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Dynamics of sexual development in teleosts with a note on Mugil cephalus. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Miller DH, Villeneuve DL, Santana-Rodriguez KJ, Ankley GT. A Multidimensional Matrix Model for Predicting the Effects of Male-Biased Sex Ratios on Fish Populations. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:1066-1077. [PMID: 35020961 PMCID: PMC9586198 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory experiments have established that exposure to certain endocrine-active substances prior to and/or during the period of sexual differentiation can lead to skewed sex ratios in fish. However, the potential long-term population impact of biased sex ratio depends on multiple factors including the life history of the species and whether the ratio is male or female-biased. In the present study, we describe a novel multidimensional, density-dependent matrix model that analyzes age class-structure of both males and females over time, allowing for the quantitative evaluation of the effects of biased sex ratio on population status. This approach can be used in conjunction with field monitoring efforts and/or laboratory testing to link effects on sex ratio due to chemical and/or nonchemical stressors to adverse outcomes in whole organisms and populations. For demonstration purposes, we applied the model to evaluate population trajectories for fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) exposed to prochloraz, an aromatase inhibitor, during sexual differentiation. The model also was used to explore the population impact in a more realistic exposure scenario in which both adult and early life stages of fish are exposed concurrently to prochloraz, which, in addition to altering sex ratio during development, can decrease vitellogenin and egg production in adult females. For each exposure scenario, the model was used to analyze total population size, numbers of females and of males, and sex specific recruitment of the F1 generation. The present study illustrates the utility of multidimensional matrix population models for ecological risk assessment in terms of integrating effects across a population of an organism even when chemical effects on individuals are manifested via different pathways depending on life stage. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1066-1077. Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Miller
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Kelvin J. Santana-Rodriguez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Participant at the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Gerald T. Ankley
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota
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Liu Y, Bai S, Wang Y, Li X, Qu J, Han M, Zhai J, Li W, Liu J, Zhang Q. Intensive masculinization caused by chronic heat stress in juvenile Cynoglossus semilaevis: Growth performance, gonadal histology and gene responses. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113250. [PMID: 35121259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The sea temperature has been observed to chronically increase during the past decades, leaving unpredictable influences to the marine biological resources. Thus, it is of vital significance to study the biological responses of ocean inhabited organisms with the artificially stimulated heat stress environment. Cynoglossus semilaevis provides us with an ideal model to study the influence of chronic heat stress on the sexual differentiation in marine teleosts for its genetic sex determination (GSD) + environmental effected (EE) sex determination system. In this study, the comparative experiment was conducted employing heated seawater (HT group) and ambient seawater (CT group) to cultivate juvenile C. semilaevis respectively. Significant differences were exhibited in growth performance and a delayed germ cell development effect was found in pseudomales formed under chronic heat stress. Using transcriptome analysis, the transcription profile of 55 days post fertilization (dpf) and 100 dpf juveniles' gonads were studied. A total of 47 libraries were constructed with an average mapping rate of 94.63% after assembling. GO and KEGG enrichment were proceeded using DEGs screened out between (1) pseudomale gonads at 55 dpf and 100 dpf in HT and CT group (2) pseudomale and female gonads at 55 dpf and 100 dpf in HT and CT group. Terms and pathways involved in steroid stimulation, reproduction ability, germ cell proliferation et al. were shed light on. The expression pattern of 29 DEGs including amh, hsp90b1, pgr et al. were also provided to supplement the results of functional enrichment. Weighted gene co-expression networks analysis (WGCNA) was constructed and hspb8-like, histone H2A.V were exhibited to play vital roles in the heat-induced masculinization. Our findings facilitate the understanding for transcriptional variations in intensive masculinization cause by chronic heat stress of C. semilaevis and provide referable study of the influences on the teleosts in elevated sea temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shujun Bai
- Laboratory of Fisheries Oceanography, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yujue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Jiangbo Qu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Miao Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jieming Zhai
- Laizhou Mingbo Aquatic Co., Ltd., Laizhou, China
| | - Wensheng Li
- Laizhou Mingbo Aquatic Co., Ltd., Laizhou, China
| | - Jinxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China.
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China.
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Ramos L, Antunes A. Decoding sex: Elucidating sex determination and how high-quality genome assemblies are untangling the evolutionary dynamics of sex chromosomes. Genomics 2022; 114:110277. [PMID: 35104609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sexual reproduction is a diverse and widespread process. In gonochoristic species, the differentiation of sexes occurs through diverse mechanisms, influenced by environmental and genetic factors. In most vertebrates, a master-switch gene is responsible for triggering a sex determination network. However, only a few genes have acquired master-switch functions, and this process is associated with the evolution of sex-chromosomes, which have a significant influence in evolution. Additionally, their highly repetitive regions impose challenges for high-quality sequencing, even using high-throughput, state-of-the-art techniques. Here, we review the mechanisms involved in sex determination and their role in the evolution of species, particularly vertebrates, focusing on sex chromosomes and the challenges involved in sequencing these genomic elements. We also address the improvements provided by the growth of sequencing projects, by generating a massive number of near-gapless, telomere-to-telomere, chromosome-level, phased assemblies, increasing the number and quality of sex-chromosome sequences available for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Ramos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Antunes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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Nisembaum LG, Loentgen G, L’Honoré T, Martin P, Paulin CH, Fuentès M, Escoubeyrou K, Delgado MJ, Besseau L, Falcón J. Transient Receptor Potential-Vanilloid (TRPV1-TRPV4) Channels in the Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar. A Focus on the Pineal Gland and Melatonin Production. Front Physiol 2022; 12:784416. [PMID: 35069244 PMCID: PMC8782258 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.784416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish are ectotherm, which rely on the external temperature to regulate their internal body temperature, although some may perform partial endothermy. Together with photoperiod, temperature oscillations, contribute to synchronizing the daily and seasonal variations of fish metabolism, physiology and behavior. Recent studies are shedding light on the mechanisms of temperature sensing and behavioral thermoregulation in fish. In particular, the role of some members of the transient receptor potential channels (TRP) is being gradually unraveled. The present study in the migratory Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, aims at identifying the tissue distribution and abundance in mRNA corresponding to the TRP of the vanilloid subfamilies, TRPV1 and TRPV4, and at characterizing their putative role in the control of the temperature-dependent modulation of melatonin production-the time-keeping hormone-by the pineal gland. In Salmo salar, TRPV1 and TRPV4 mRNA tissue distribution appeared ubiquitous; mRNA abundance varied as a function of the month investigated. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry indicated specific labeling located in the photoreceptor cells of the pineal gland and the retina. Additionally, TRPV analogs modulated the production of melatonin by isolated pineal glands in culture. The TRPV1 agonist induced an inhibitory response at high concentrations, while evoking a bell-shaped response (stimulatory at low, and inhibitory at high, concentrations) when added with an antagonist. The TRPV4 agonist was stimulatory at the highest concentration used. Altogether, the present results agree with the known widespread distribution and role of TRPV1 and TRPV4 channels, and with published data on trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), leading to suggest these channels mediate the effects of temperature on S. salar pineal melatonin production. We discuss their involvement in controlling the timing of daily and seasonal events in this migratory species, in the context of an increasing warming of water temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gabriela Nisembaum
- Sorbonne Université (SU), CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Guillaume Loentgen
- Sorbonne Université (SU), CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Thibaut L’Honoré
- Sorbonne Université (SU), CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Patrick Martin
- Conservatoire National du Saumon Sauvage, Chanteuges, France
| | - Charles-Hubert Paulin
- Sorbonne Université (SU), CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Michael Fuentès
- Sorbonne Université (SU), CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Karine Escoubeyrou
- SU, CNRS Fédération 3724, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - María Jesús Delgado
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiologia, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laurence Besseau
- Sorbonne Université (SU), CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Jack Falcón
- Sorbonne Université (SU), CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
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