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Dönges L, Damle A, Mainardi A, Bock T, Schönenberger M, Martin I, Barbero A. Engineered human osteoarthritic cartilage organoids. Biomaterials 2024; 308:122549. [PMID: 38554643 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The availability of human cell-based models capturing molecular processes of cartilage degeneration can facilitate development of disease-modifying therapies for osteoarthritis [1], a currently unmet clinical need. Here, by imposing specific inflammatory challenges upon mesenchymal stromal cells at a defined stage of chondrogenesis, we engineered a human organotypic model which recapitulates main OA pathological traits such as chondrocyte hypertrophy, cartilage matrix mineralization, enhanced catabolism and mechanical stiffening. To exemplify the utility of the model, we exposed the engineered OA cartilage organoids to factors known to attenuate pathological features, including IL-1Ra, and carried out mass spectrometry-based proteomics. We identified that IL-1Ra strongly reduced production of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta [2] and demonstrated that inhibition of the C/EBPβ-activating kinases could revert the degradative processes. Human OA cartilage organoids thus represent a relevant tool towards the discovery of new molecular drivers of cartilage degeneration and the assessment of therapeutics targeting associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dönges
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Atharva Damle
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Mainardi
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bock
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Monica Schönenberger
- Nano Imaging Lab, Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Barbero
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Chen B, Lin C, Jin X, Zhang X, Yang K, Wang J, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Ji Y, Meng Z. Construction of a diagnostic model for osteoarthritis based on transcriptomic immune-related genes. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23636. [PMID: 38187306 PMCID: PMC10770511 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability globally, affecting over 500 million individuals worldwide. However, accurate and early diagnosis of OA is challenging to achieve. Immune-related genes play an essential role in OA development. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a diagnostic model for OA based on immune-related genes identified in synovial membrane. Methods The gene expression profile of OA were downloaded based on four datasets. The significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between OA and control groups were selected. The differential immune cells were analyzed, followed by immune-related DEGs screening. WGCNA was used to screen module genes and these genes were further selected through optimization algorithm. Then, nomogram model was constructed. Chemical drug small molecule related to OA was predicted. Finally, expression levels of several key genes were validated by qRT-PCR through construction of OA rat models. Results The total 656 DEGs were obtained. Eight immune cells were significantly differential between two groups, and 317 immune-related DEGs were obtained. WGCNA identified three modules. The genes in modules were significantly involved in 15 pathways, involving in 65 genes. Then 12 DEGs were screened as the final optimal combination of DEGs, such as CEBPB, CXCL1, JUND, GABARAPL2 and PDGFC. The Nomogram model was also constructed. Furthermore, the chemical small molecules, such as acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine were predicted. The expression levels of CEBPB, CXCL1, GABARAPL2 and PDGFC were validated in OA rat models. Conclusion A diagnostic model based on twelve immune related genes was constructed. These model genes, such as CEBPB, CXCL1, GABARAPL2, and PDGFC, may serve as diagnostic biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Chun Lin
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Xing Jin
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Xibin Zhang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Jianjian Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huangpu Branch, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yingying Ji
- The affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214151, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Meng
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
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3
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Ren Q, Liu Z, Wu L, Yin G, Xie X, Kong W, Zhou J, Liu S. C/EBPβ: The structure, regulation, and its roles in inflammation-related diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115938. [PMID: 38000353 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, a mechanism of the human body, has been implicated in many diseases. Inflammatory responses include the release of inflammatory mediators by activating various signaling pathways. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ), a transcription factor in the C/EBP family, contains the leucine zipper (bZIP) domain. The expression of C/EBPβ is mediated at the transcriptional and post-translational levels, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, and SUMOylation. C/EBPβ has been involved in inflammatory responses by mediating several signaling pathways, such as MAPK/NF-κB and IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathways. C/EBPβ plays an important role in the pathological development of inflammation-related diseases, such as osteoarthritis, pneumonia, hepatitis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we comprehensively discuss the structure and biological effects of C/EBPβ and its role in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhaowen Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Longhuo Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Guoqiang Yin
- Ganzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xunlu Xie
- Department of Joint Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Weihao Kong
- Department of Joint Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jianguo Zhou
- Department of Joint Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China.
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4
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Chen N, Wu RW, Lam Y, Chan WC, Chan D. Hypertrophic chondrocytes at the junction of musculoskeletal structures. Bone Rep 2023; 19:101698. [PMID: 37485234 PMCID: PMC10359737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic chondrocytes are found at unique locations at the junction of skeletal tissues, cartilage growth plate, articular cartilage, enthesis and intervertebral discs. Their role in the skeleton is best understood in the process of endochondral ossification in development and bone fracture healing. Chondrocyte hypertrophy occurs in degenerative conditions such as osteoarthritis. Thus, the role of hypertrophic chondrocytes in skeletal biology and pathology is context dependent. This review will focus on hypertrophic chondrocytes in endochondral ossification, in which they exist in a transient state, but acting as a central regulator of differentiation, mineralization, vascularization and conversion to bone. The amazing journey of a chondrocyte from being entrapped in the extracellular matrix environment to becoming proliferative then hypertrophic will be discussed. Recent studies on the dynamic changes and plasticity of hypertrophic chondrocytes have provided new insights into how we view these cells, not as terminally differentiated but as cells that can dedifferentiate to more progenitor-like cells in a transition to osteoblasts and adipocytes, as well as a source of skeletal stem and progenitor cells residing in the bone marrow. This will provide a foundation for studies of hypertrophic chondrocytes at other skeletal sites in development, tissue maintenance, pathology and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Robin W.H. Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Lam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wilson C.W. Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (HKU-SZH), Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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5
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Trummer M, Galardon E, Mayer B, Steiner G, Stamm T, Kloesch B. Polysulfides derived from the hydrogen sulfide and persulfide donor P* inhibit IL-1β-mediated inducible nitric oxide synthase signaling in ATDC5 cells: are CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins β and δ involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of hydrogen sulfide and polysulfides? Nitric Oxide 2022; 129:41-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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6
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Darvishi E, Ghamsari L, Leong SF, Ramirez R, Koester M, Gallagher E, Yu M, Mason JM, Merutka G, Kappel BJ, Rotolo JA. Anticancer Activity of ST101, A Novel Antagonist of CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein β. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:1632-1644. [PMID: 36121385 PMCID: PMC9630826 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family transcription factor, which is upregulated or overactivated in many cancers, resulting in a gene expression profile that drives oncogenesis. C/EBPβ dimerization regulates binding to DNA at the canonical TTGCGCAA motif and subsequent transcriptional activity, suggesting that disruption of dimerization represents a powerful approach to inhibit this previously "undruggable" oncogenic target. Here we describe the mechanism of action and antitumor activity of ST101, a novel and selective peptide antagonist of C/EBPβ that is currently in clinical evaluation in patients with advanced solid tumors. ST101 binds the leucine zipper domain of C/EBPβ, preventing its dimerization and enhancing ubiquitin-proteasome dependent C/EBPβ degradation. ST101 exposure attenuates transcription of C/EBPβ target genes, including a significant decrease in expression of survival, transcription factors, and cell-cycle-related proteins. The result of ST101 exposure is potent, tumor-specific in vitro cytotoxic activity in cancer cell lines including glioblastoma, breast, melanoma, prostate, and lung cancer, whereas normal human immune and epithelial cells are not impacted. Further, in mouse xenograft models ST101 exposure results in potent tumor growth inhibition or regression, both as a single agent and in combination studies. These data provide the First Disclosure of ST101, and support continued clinical development of ST101 as a novel strategy for targeting C/EBPβ-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Darvishi
- Sapience Therapeutics, Inc. 500 Mamaroneck Ave. Suite 320, Harrison, NY 10528
| | - Lila Ghamsari
- Sapience Therapeutics, Inc. 500 Mamaroneck Ave. Suite 320, Harrison, NY 10528
| | - Siok F. Leong
- Sapience Therapeutics, Inc. 500 Mamaroneck Ave. Suite 320, Harrison, NY 10528
| | - Ricardo Ramirez
- Sapience Therapeutics, Inc. 500 Mamaroneck Ave. Suite 320, Harrison, NY 10528
| | - Mark Koester
- Sapience Therapeutics, Inc. 500 Mamaroneck Ave. Suite 320, Harrison, NY 10528
| | - Erin Gallagher
- Sapience Therapeutics, Inc. 500 Mamaroneck Ave. Suite 320, Harrison, NY 10528
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Jody M. Mason
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Gene Merutka
- Sapience Therapeutics, Inc. 500 Mamaroneck Ave. Suite 320, Harrison, NY 10528
| | - Barry J. Kappel
- Sapience Therapeutics, Inc. 500 Mamaroneck Ave. Suite 320, Harrison, NY 10528
| | - Jim A. Rotolo
- Sapience Therapeutics, Inc. 500 Mamaroneck Ave. Suite 320, Harrison, NY 10528, Corresponding Author (, telephone: 914-607-6935)
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Zhang Y, Xu X, Zhou P, Liu Q, Zhang M, Yang H, Yu S, Zhang J, Huo W, Zhao Y, Wang M. Elder Mice Exhibit More Severe Degeneration and Milder Regeneration in Temporomandibular Joints Subjected to Bilateral Anterior Crossbite. Front Physiol 2021; 12:750468. [PMID: 34925057 PMCID: PMC8674645 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.750468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporomandibular joints (TMJs) have a biomechanical relationship with dental occlusion. Aberrant occlusion initiates degenerative remodeling responses in TMJ condyles. Aging is a promoting factor of osteoarthritis (OA) development. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of aging on degenerative remodeling in TMJ condyles in response to occlusal biomechanical stimulation caused by the installation of aberrant prostheses and observe rehabilitation after their removal. The experiments involved 84 female C57BL/6J mice (42 at 6 weeks old and 42 at 28 weeks old). A bilateral anterior crossbite (BAC) model was developed, and the TMJs were sampled at 3, 7, and 11 weeks. BAC was removed at 7 weeks in a subset of mice, which accepted BAC treatment at 6 week of age, and maintained for another 4 weeks after BAC removal. TMJ changes were assessed with micro-CT, histomorphology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence staining assays. The results showed that BAC induced typical OA-like TMJ lesions that were more severe in the elder groups as evaluated by the acellular zones, clustered chondrocytes, fissures between cartilage and subchondral bone, reductions in matrix amount and the cartilage thickness as revealed by histomorphological measurements, and subchondral bone loss as detected on micro-CT images. IHC indicated significant increases in cleaved caspase-3-expressing cells and decreases in ki67-positive cells in the BAC groups. There were obvious age-dependent changes in the numbers of superficial zone cells and CD90-expressing cells. Supportively, cleaved caspase-3-expressing cells obviously increased, while ki67-expressing cells significantly decreased with aging. In the elder BAC groups, the superficial zone cells such as CD90-expressing cells were greatly reduced. At 11 weeks, the superficial zone cells were almost non-existent, and there were clear serrated injuries on the cartilage surface. BAC removal attenuated the degenerative changes in the condylar cartilage and subchondral bone. Notably, the rescue effect was more pronounced in the younger animals. Our findings demonstrate the impacts of aging on both TMJ degenerative changes in response to BAC and regenerative changes following BAC removal. The reduced number of chondro-progenitor cells in aged TMJ cartilage provides an explanation for this age-related decline in TMJ rehabilitative behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology of State, Clinic of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, The National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology of State, Clinic of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, The National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- School of Stomatology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Qian Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology of State, Clinic of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, The National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology of State, Clinic of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, The National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongxu Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology of State, Clinic of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, The National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shibin Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology of State, Clinic of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, The National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology of State, Clinic of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, The National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wanqiu Huo
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- First Center of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fifth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meiqing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology of State, Clinic of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, The National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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8
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Ohba S. Genome-scale actions of master regulators directing skeletal development. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2021; 57:217-223. [PMID: 34745394 PMCID: PMC8556520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian skeleton develops through two distinct modes of ossification: intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification. During the process of skeletal development, SRY-box containing gene 9 (Sox9), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and Sp7 work as master transcription factors (TFs) or transcriptional regulators, underlying cell fate specification of the two distinct populations: bone-forming osteoblasts and cartilage-forming chondrocytes. In the past two decades, core transcriptional circuits underlying skeletal development have been identified mainly through mouse genetics and biochemical approaches. Recently emerging next-generation sequencer (NGS)-based studies have provided genome-scale views on the gene regulatory landscape programmed by the master TFs/transcriptional regulators. With particular focus on Sox9, Runx2, and Sp7, this review aims to discuss the gene regulatory landscape in skeletal development, which has been identified by genome-scale data, and provide future perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
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Liu Q, He F, Zhou P, Xie M, Wang H, Yang H, Huo W, Zhang M, Yu S, Wang M. HMGB2 promotes chondrocyte proliferation under negative pressure through the phosphorylation of AKT. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119115. [PMID: 34333060 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cells in articular cartilage are zonal arranged. Cells in superficial zone cartilage are generally small and proliferative. Appropriate negative pressure stimulation is beneficial to cell survival and tissue repair. Whether negative pressure has promotive impact on the proliferation activity of the superficial zone chondrocytes is of interest. In this study, we isolated superficial chondrocytes from the mandibular condylar cartilage of rats. After negative pressure treatment, the cells were collected for RNA-sequencing, quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting assays, aiming to detect the proliferative responses of chondrocytes to negative pressure and explore the potential molecular mechanisms. Data from RNA-sequencing analysis indicated that the superficial chondrocytes responded to the 4 h -10 kPa treatment by a significant increase in proliferation. In addition, the expression of high-mobility group box 2 (HMGB2) and the phosphorylation of AKT were obviously promoted. Knockdown of HMGB2 decreased AKT phosphorylation and diminished the negative pressure-induced proliferation of chondrocytes, as shown by decreased expression of Ki67 and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). In contrast, overexpression of HMGB2 enhanced AKT phosphorylation and further promoted proliferative activity. Moreover, LY294002, an AKT inhibitor, suppressed the proliferative activity of chondrocytes under negative pressure, while SC79, an activator of AKT phosphorylation, enhanced the proliferation of chondrocytes. Our data demonstrated that HMGB2 exhibits a promotion impact on chondrocyte proliferation under negative pressure via the phosphorylation of AKT. These results provide a new perspective for superficial zone chondrocytes proliferation under negative pressure, which should be benefit for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- School of Stomatology, the Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Mianjiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Helin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Medical Rehabilitation, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongxu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wanqiu Huo
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shibin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meiqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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10
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Park S, Bello A, Arai Y, Ahn J, Kim D, Cha KY, Baek I, Park H, Lee SH. Functional Duality of Chondrocyte Hypertrophy and Biomedical Application Trends in Osteoarthritis. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081139. [PMID: 34452101 PMCID: PMC8400409 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocyte hypertrophy is one of the key indicators in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). However, compared with other OA indications, such as cartilage collapse, sclerosis, inflammation, and protease activation, the mechanisms by which chondrocyte hypertrophy contributes to OA remain elusive. As the pathological processes in the OA cartilage microenvironment, such as the alterations in the extracellular matrix, are initiated and dictated by the physiological state of the chondrocytes, in-depth knowledge of chondrocyte hypertrophy is necessary to enhance our understanding of the disease pathology and develop therapeutic agents. Chondrocyte hypertrophy is a factor that induces OA progression; it is also a crucial factor in the endochondral ossification. This review elaborates on this dual functionality of chondrocyte hypertrophy in OA progression and endochondral ossification through a description of the characteristics of various genes and signaling, their mechanism, and their distinguishable physiological effects. Chondrocyte hypertrophy in OA progression leads to a decrease in chondrogenic genes and destruction of cartilage tissue. However, in endochondral ossification, it represents an intermediate stage at the process of differentiation of chondrocytes into osteogenic cells. In addition, this review describes the current therapeutic strategies and their mechanisms, involving genes, proteins, cytokines, small molecules, three-dimensional environments, or exosomes, against the OA induced by chondrocyte hypertrophy. Finally, this review proposes that the contrasting roles of chondrocyte hypertrophy are essential for both OA progression and endochondral ossification, and that this cellular process may be targeted to develop OA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghyun Park
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.P.); (A.B.); (Y.A.); (J.A.); (D.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (I.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea
| | - Alvin Bello
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.P.); (A.B.); (Y.A.); (J.A.); (D.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (I.B.)
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Yoshie Arai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.P.); (A.B.); (Y.A.); (J.A.); (D.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Jinsung Ahn
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.P.); (A.B.); (Y.A.); (J.A.); (D.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.P.); (A.B.); (Y.A.); (J.A.); (D.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Kyung-Yup Cha
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.P.); (A.B.); (Y.A.); (J.A.); (D.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Inho Baek
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.P.); (A.B.); (Y.A.); (J.A.); (D.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Hansoo Park
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Soo-Hong Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.P.); (A.B.); (Y.A.); (J.A.); (D.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (I.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-961-5153; Fax: +82-31-961-5108
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11
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Khumukcham SS, Manavathi B. Two decades of a protooncogene HPIP/PBXIP1: Uncovering the tale from germ cell to cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188576. [PMID: 34090932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic PBX interacting protein (HPIP or pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor interacting protein (PBXIP1) was discovered two decades ago as a corepressor of pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox (PBX) 1 with a vital functional role in hematopoiesis. Later it emerged as a potential biomarker of poor prognosis and tumorigenesis for more than a dozen different cancers. It regulates aggressive cancer phenotypes, cell proliferation, metastasis, EMT, etc. The anomaly in the regulation of HPIP is linked with physiological disorders like renal fibrosis, chronic kidney disease and osteoarthritis. Scientists have unraveled more than twenty interacting proteins of HPIP and its functional role in various physiological and cellular processes that involves normal neuronal development, embryogenesis, endometrium decidualization, and germ cell proliferation. Over the past 20 years, we have witnessed the emerging role of HPIP and its association with a myriad of cellular activities ranging from germ cell proliferation to cancer aggressiveness, modulating multitude of signaling cascades like TGF-β1, PI3K/AKT, Wnt, mTOR, and Sonic hedgehog signaling pathways. This review will give the current understanding of HPIP, in terms of its diverse functions, theoretical ideas, and further explore cellular links and promising areas that need to be investigated. We also provide a comprehensive overview of the transcript variants of HPIP and distinct sets of transcription factors regulating their expression, which may help to understand the role of HPIP in various cellular or physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saratchandra Singh Khumukcham
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Bramanandam Manavathi
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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12
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Zhang Y, Liu Q, Xu X, Zhou P, Zhang H, Yang H, Zhang M, Zhang J, Lu L, Liu J, Wang M. Long-term effect of bilateral anterior elevation of occlusion on the temporomandibular joints. Oral Dis 2021; 28:1911-1920. [PMID: 33979023 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Incisors tubed prosthesis with bilateral anterior elevation (BAE) relation had been reported to stimulate the proliferative response in the mandibular condylar cartilage of mice, thus the prosthetic occlusion elevation had been proposed to treat cartilage degeneration. Currently, we aimed to detect the long-term effect of BAE on temporomandibular joints (TMJs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve 6-week-old female mice were assigned to age-matched control and BAE groups (n = 6). Micro-CT images and the macro- and micro-morphology of the mandibular condyles were analyzed at 29 weeks. RESULTS Compared with the age-matched controls, in BAE group, there were loss of subchondral cortical bone and heavy loss of the subchondral trabecular bone at the superior sites of the TMJ condyles, but hyperostosis at the inferior sites as revealed by micro-CT images and histological slices. In BAE group, cartilage thickness and matrix area were increased with upregulated expression of type II, type X collagen, and Ki67, but the expression of cleaved caspase-3 was downregulated (all, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In addition to cartilage thickening, long-term BAE induces loss of the subchondral cortical bone and heavy loss of the underneath subchondral trabecular bone, but hyperostosis further underneath. Using BAE as a treatment remains double-edged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejiao Zhang
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and Clinic of temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, The Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology of State and the National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,School of Stomatology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, P.R.China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and Clinic of temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, The Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology of State and the National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and Clinic of temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, The Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology of State and the National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,School of Stomatology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, P.R.China
| | - Hongyun Zhang
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and Clinic of temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, The Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology of State and the National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongxu Yang
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and Clinic of temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, The Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology of State and the National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mian Zhang
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and Clinic of temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, The Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology of State and the National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and Clinic of temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, The Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology of State and the National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Lu
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and Clinic of temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, The Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology of State and the National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiguang Liu
- School of Stomatology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, P.R.China
| | - Meiqing Wang
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and Clinic of temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, The Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology of State and the National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,School of Stomatology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, P.R.China.,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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13
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Creff J, Besson A. Functional Versatility of the CDK Inhibitor p57 Kip2. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:584590. [PMID: 33117811 PMCID: PMC7575724 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.584590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclin/CDK inhibitor p57Kip2 belongs to the Cip/Kip family, with p21Cip1 and p27Kip1, and is the least studied member of the family. Unlike the other family members, p57Kip2 has a unique role during embryogenesis and is the only CDK inhibitor required for embryonic development. p57Kip2 is encoded by the imprinted gene CDKN1C, which is the gene most frequently silenced or mutated in the genetic disorder Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), characterized by multiple developmental anomalies. Although initially identified as a cell cycle inhibitor based on its homology to other Cip/Kip family proteins, multiple novel functions have been ascribed to p57Kip2 in recent years that participate in the control of various cellular processes, including apoptosis, migration and transcription. Here, we will review our current knowledge on p57Kip2 structure, regulation, and its diverse functions during development and homeostasis, as well as its potential implication in the development of various pathologies, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Creff
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire du Contrôle de la Prolifération, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Besson
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire du Contrôle de la Prolifération, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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14
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Hojo H, Ohba S. Gene regulatory landscape in osteoblast differentiation. Bone 2020; 137:115458. [PMID: 32474244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of osteoblasts, a bone-forming cell population, occurs in conjunction with development of the skeleton, which creates our physical framework and shapes the body. In the past two decades, genetic studies have uncovered the molecular framework of this process-namely, transcriptional regulators and signaling pathways coordinate the cell fate determination and differentiation of osteoblasts in a spatial and temporal manner. Recently emerging genome-wide studies provide additional layers of understanding of the gene regulatory landscape during osteoblast differentiation, allowing us to gain novel insight into the modes of action of the key regulators, functional interaction among the regulator-bound enhancers, epigenetic regulations, and the complex nature of regulatory inputs. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the transcriptional regulation in osteoblasts, in terms of the gene regulatory landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Hojo
- Department of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
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15
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Jo S, Yoon S, Lee SY, Kim SY, Park H, Han J, Choi SH, Han JS, Yang JH, Kim TH. DKK1 Induced by 1,25D3 Is Required for the Mineralization of Osteoblasts. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010236. [PMID: 31963554 PMCID: PMC7017072 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3), the most popular drug for osteoporosis treatment, drives osteoblast differentiation and bone mineralization. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is involved in commitment and differentiation of osteoblasts, but the role of the Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), a Wnt antagonist, in osteoblasts remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate the molecular mechanism of DKK1 induction by 1,25D3 and its physiological role during osteoblast differentiation. 1,25D3 markedly promoted the expression of both CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) and DKK1 at day 7 during osteoblast differentiation. Interestingly, mRNA and protein levels of C/EBPβ and DKK1 in osteoblasts were elevated by 1,25D3. We also found that C/EBPβ, in response to 1,25D3, directly binds to the human DKK1 promoter. Knockdown of C/EBPβ downregulated the expression of DKK1 in osteoblasts, which was partially reversed by 1,25D3. In contrast, overexpression of C/EBPβ upregulated DKK1 expression in osteoblasts, which was enhanced by 1,25D3. Furthermore, 1,25D3 treatment in osteoblasts stimulated secretion of DKK1 protein within the endoplasmic reticulum to extracellular. Intriguingly, blocking DKK1 attenuated calcified nodule formation in mineralized osteoblasts, but not ALP activity or collagen synthesis. Taken together, these observations suggest that 1,25D3 promotes the mineralization of osteoblasts through activation of DKK1 followed by an increase of C/EBPβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungsin Jo
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul 04763, Korea; (S.J.); (S.Y.); (S.Y.K.); (H.P.)
| | - Subin Yoon
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul 04763, Korea; (S.J.); (S.Y.); (S.Y.K.); (H.P.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - So Young Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (S.Y.L.); (J.-S.H.)
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul 04763, Korea; (S.J.); (S.Y.); (S.Y.K.); (H.P.)
| | - Hyosun Park
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul 04763, Korea; (S.J.); (S.Y.); (S.Y.K.); (H.P.)
| | | | - Sung Hoon Choi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Joong-Soo Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (S.Y.L.); (J.-S.H.)
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Gyeonggi-do 11923, Korea;
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul 04763, Korea; (S.J.); (S.Y.); (S.Y.K.); (H.P.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2290-9245; Fax: +82-2-2298-8231
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16
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Long Y, Xie J, Zhang ZQ, Zhang Z, Meng F, He A. Substantive molecular and histological changes within the meniscus with tears. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:577. [PMID: 31787088 PMCID: PMC6886220 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The meniscus plays a vital role in the normal biomechanics of the knee. However, it is not well studied at the molecular level. The purpose of this study was to determine whether molecular and pathological changes in the meniscal tissue vary depending on the presence or absence of meniscal and/or anterior cruciate ligament tear (ACL). METHODS Six normal menisci (group A), seven simple torn menisci (group B) and seven torn menisci with concomitant anterior cruciate ligament tears (group C) were collected. We observed the pathological changes in the menisci and used real-time polymerase chain reaction along with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation to examine the levels of ACAN, ADAMTS5, COL10A1, CEBPβ, MMP13 and miR-381-3p, miR-455-3p, miR-193b-3p, miR-92a-3p, respectively. Patients were scored preoperatively and postoperatively using the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale and International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form. RESULTS Compared with group A, the expression levels of ADAMTS5, COL10A1, CEBPβ, and MMP13 and all the miRNAs were increased while ACAN was down-regulated in groups B and C. Additionally, the gene expression and miRNA levels were higher in group C than that in group B, except for ACAN, which was lower. Several fibrochondrocytes strongly expressed ADAMTS5, CEBPβ, and MMP13 in groups B and C and had high levels of miR-381-3p and miR-455-3p than that in group A. Postoperative Lysholm and IKDC scores were higher in group B than in group C. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the meniscus tended to degenerate after it was injured, especially when combined with a torn ACL. The miRNAs investigated in this study might also contribute to meniscus degeneration. Patients with a combined injury patterns might have relatively worse joint function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Long
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Central Hospital of Shao Yang, Shaoyang, 422000, Hunan, China
| | - Jingping Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Central Hospital of Shao Yang, Shaoyang, 422000, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziji Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangang Meng
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Aishan He
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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17
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Mesenchymal stem cell senescence alleviates their intrinsic and seno-suppressive paracrine properties contributing to osteoarthritis development. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9128-9146. [PMID: 31644429 PMCID: PMC6834426 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissue accumulation of p16INK4a-positive senescent cells is associated with age-related disorders, such as osteoarthritis (OA). These cell-cycle arrested cells affect tissue function through a specific secretory phenotype. The links between OA onset and senescence remain poorly described. Using experimental OA protocol and transgenic Cdkn2a+/luc and Cdkn2aluc/luc mice, we found that the senescence-driving p16INK4a is a marker of the disease, expressed by the synovial tissue, but is also an actor: its somatic deletion partially protects against cartilage degeneration. We test whether by becoming senescent, the mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), found in the synovial tissue and sub-chondral bone marrow, can contribute to OA development. We established an in vitro p16INK4a-positive senescence model on human MSCs. Upon senescence induction, their intrinsic stem cell properties are altered. When co-cultured with OA chondrocytes, senescent MSC show also a seno-suppressive properties impairment favoring tissue degeneration. To evaluate in vivo the effects of p16INK4a-senescent MSC on healthy cartilage, we rely on the SAMP8 mouse model of accelerated senescence that develops spontaneous OA. MSCs isolated from these mice expressed p16INK4a. Intra-articular injection in 2-month-old C57BL/6JRj male mice of SAMP8-derived MSCs was sufficient to induce articular cartilage breakdown. Our findings reveal that senescent p16INK4a-positive MSCs contribute to joint alteration.
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18
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Pirie E, Cauntay P, Fu W, Ray S, Pan C, Lusis AJ, Hsiao J, Burel SA, Narayanan P, Crooke RM, Lee RG. Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel Identifies Genetic Architecture Associated with the Acute Antisense Oligonucleotide-Mediated Inflammatory Response to a 2'- O-Methoxyethyl Antisense Oligonucleotide. Nucleic Acid Ther 2019; 29:266-277. [PMID: 31368839 PMCID: PMC6765210 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2019.0797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are well tolerated preclinically and in the clinic, some sequences of ASOs can trigger an inflammatory response leading to B cell and macrophage activation in rodents. This prompted our investigation into the contribution of genetic architecture to the ASO-mediated inflammatory response. Genome-wide association (GWA) and transcriptomic analysis in a hybrid mouse diversity panel (HMDP) were used to identify and validate novel genes involved in the acute and delayed inflammatory response to a single 75 mg/kg dose of an inflammatory 2'-O-methoxyethyl (2'MOE) modified ASO. The acute response was measured 6 h after ASO administration, via evaluation for increased plasma production of interleukin 6 (IL6), IL10, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β). Delayed inflammation was evaluated by spleen weight increases after 96 h. We identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosomes 16 and 17 associated with plasma MIP-1β, IL6, and MCP-1 levels, and one on chromosome 8 associated with increases in spleen weight. Systems genetic analysis utilizing transcriptomic data from HMDP strain macrophages determined that the acute inflammatory SNPs were expression quantitative trait locis (eQTLs) for CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (Cebpb) and salt inducible kinase 1 (Sik1). The delayed inflammatory SNP was an eQTL for Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 10 (Arhgef10). In vitro assays in mouse primary cells and human cell lines have confirmed the HMDP finding that lower Sik1 expression increases the acute inflammatory response. Our results demonstrate the utility of using mouse GWA study (GWAS) and the HMDP for detecting genes modulating the inflammatory response to pro-inflammatory ASOs in a pharmacological setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Pirie
- Cardiovascular Antisense Drug Discovery Group, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California
| | - Patrick Cauntay
- Preclinical Development, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California
| | - Wuxia Fu
- Cardiovascular Antisense Drug Discovery Group, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California
| | - Shayoni Ray
- Cardiovascular Antisense Drug Discovery Group, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aldonis J. Lusis
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jill Hsiao
- Preclinical Development, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California
| | | | - Padma Narayanan
- Preclinical Development, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California
| | - Rosanne M. Crooke
- Cardiovascular Antisense Drug Discovery Group, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California
| | - Richard G. Lee
- Cardiovascular Antisense Drug Discovery Group, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California
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19
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Park H. Cytological Study on the Cause of the Osteoporotic Side Effects of Adefovir Dipivoxil. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2019.51.3.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Park
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wonkwang Health Science University, Iksan, Korea
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20
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Masuda I, Koike M, Nakashima S, Mizutani Y, Ozawa Y, Watanabe K, Sawada Y, Sugiyama H, Sugimoto A, Nojiri H, Sashihara K, Yokote K, Shimizu T. Apple procyanidins promote mitochondrial biogenesis and proteoglycan biosynthesis in chondrocytes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7229. [PMID: 29739985 PMCID: PMC5940809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Apples are well known to have various benefits for the human body. Procyanidins are a class of polyphenols found in apples that have demonstrated effects on the circulatory system and skeletal organs. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a locomotive syndrome that is histologically characterized by cartilage degeneration associated with the impairment of proteoglycan homeostasis in chondrocytes. However, no useful therapy for cartilage degeneration has been developed to date. In the present study, we detected beneficial effects of apple polyphenols or their procyanidins on cartilage homeostasis. An in vitro assay revealed that apple polyphenols increased the activities of mitochondrial dehydrogenases associated with an increased copy number of mitochondrial DNA as well as the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α), suggesting the promotion of PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis. Apple procyanidins also enhanced proteoglycan biosynthesis with aggrecan upregulation in primary chondrocytes. Of note, oral treatment with apple procyanidins prevented articular cartilage degradation in OA model mice induced by mitochondrial dysfunction in chondrocytes. Our findings suggest that apple procyanidins are promising food components that inhibit OA progression by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and proteoglycan homeostasis in chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Masuda
- Department of Functional Materials Technology, Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Products Development Department, Asahi Calpis Wellness Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Nakashima
- Department of Functional Materials Technology, Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan.,Products Development Department, Asahi Calpis Wellness Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yu Mizutani
- Department of Functional Materials Technology, Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ozawa
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoko Sawada
- Products Development Department, Asahi Calpis Wellness Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Sugimoto
- Quality Assurance Department, Quality Assurance Headquarters, Asahi Group Foods, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Nojiri
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Sashihara
- Department of Functional Materials Technology, Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan. .,Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.
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21
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Kang X, Yang W, Wang R, Xie T, Li H, Feng D, Jin X, Sun H, Wu S. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) stimulates growth-plate chondrogenesis by attenuating the PERK-eIF-2α-CHOP pathway in the unfolded protein response. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:8614-8625. [PMID: 29653943 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.809822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The NAD+-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) has emerged as an important regulator of chondrogenesis and cartilage homeostasis, processes that are important for physiological skeletal growth and that are dysregulated in osteoarthritis. However, the functional role and underlying mechanism by which SIRT1 regulates chondrogenesis remain unclear. Using cultured rat metatarsal bones and chondrocytes isolated from rat metatarsal rudiments, here we studied the effects of the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 or of SIRT1 siRNA on chondrocyte proliferation, hypertrophy, and apoptosis. We show that EX527 or SIRT1 siRNA inhibits chondrocyte proliferation and hypertrophy and induces apoptosis. We also observed that SIRT1 inhibition mainly induces the PERK-eIF-2α-CHOP axis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in growth-plate chondrocytes. Of note, EX527- or SIRT1 siRNA-mediated inhibition of metatarsal growth and growth-plate chondrogenesis were partly neutralized by phenylbutyric acid, a chemical chaperone that attenuates ER stress. Moreover, EX527-mediated impairment of chondrocyte function (i.e. of chondrocyte proliferation, hypertrophy, and apoptosis) was partly reversed in CHOP-/- cells. We also present evidence that SIRT1 physically interacts with and deacetylates PERK. Collectively, our findings indicate that SIRT1 deacetylates PERK and attenuates the PERK-eIF-2α-CHOP axis of the unfolded protein response pathway and thereby promotes growth-plate chondrogenesis and longitudinal bone growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Kang
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Wei Yang
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Tianping Xie
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Huixia Li
- the Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China, and
| | - Dongxu Feng
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.,the Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Xinxin Jin
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Hongzhi Sun
- the Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China, and
| | - Shufang Wu
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China,
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22
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Kang X, Yang W, Feng D, Jin X, Ma Z, Qian Z, Xie T, Li H, Liu J, Wang R, Li F, Li D, Sun H, Wu S. Cartilage-Specific Autophagy Deficiency Promotes ER Stress and Impairs Chondrogenesis in PERK-ATF4-CHOP-Dependent Manner. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:2128-2141. [PMID: 28304100 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is activated during nutritionally depleted or hypoxic conditions to facilitate cell survival. Because growth plate is an avascular and hypoxic tissue, autophagy may have a crucial role during chondrogenesis; however, the functional role and underlying mechanism of autophagy in regulation of growth plate remains elusive. In this study, we generated TamCart Atg7-/- (Atg7cKO) mice to explore the role of autophagy during endochondral ossification. Atg7cKO mice exhibited growth retardation associated with reduced chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, and increased chondrocyte apoptosis. Meanwhile, we observed that Atg7 ablation mainly induced the PERK-ATF4-CHOP axis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in growth plate chondrocytes. Although Atg7 ablation induced ER stress in growth plate chondrocytes, the addition of phenylbutyric acid (PBA), a chemical chaperone known to attenuate ER stress, partly neutralized such effects of Atg7 ablation on longitudinal bone growth, indicating the causative interaction between autophagy and ER stress in growth plate. Consistent with these findings in vivo, we also observed that Atg7 ablation in cultured chondrocytes resulted in defective autophagy, elevated ER stress, decreased chondrocytes proliferation, impaired expression of col10a1, MMP-13, and VEGFA for chondrocyte differentiation, and increased chondrocyte apoptosis, while such effects were partly nullified by reduction of ER stress with PBA. In addition, Atg7 ablation-mediated impaired chondrocyte function (chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis) was partly reversed in CHOP-/- cells, indicating the causative role of the PERK-ATF4-CHOP axis of the ER stress response in the action of autophagy deficiency in chondrocytes. In conclusion, our findings indicate that autophagy deficiency may trigger ER stress in growth plate chondrocytes and contribute to growth retardation, thus implicating autophagy as an important regulator during chondrogenesis and providing new insights into the clinical potential of autophagy in cartilage homeostasis. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Kang
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxu Feng
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Jin
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengmin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Qian
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianping Xie
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixia Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Danhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufang Wu
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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23
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Hojo H, Chung UI, Ohba S. Identification of the gene-regulatory landscape in skeletal development and potential links to skeletal regeneration. Regen Ther 2017; 6:100-107. [PMID: 30271844 PMCID: PMC6134913 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A class of gene-regulatory elements called enhancers are the main mediators controlling quantitative, temporal and spatial gene expressions. In the course of evolution, the enhancer landscape of higher organisms such as mammals has become quite complex, exerting biological functions precisely and coordinately. In mammalian skeletal development, the master transcription factors Sox9, Runx2 and Sp7/Osterix function primarily through enhancers on the genome to achieve specification and differentiation of skeletal cells. Recently developed genome-scale analyses have shed light on multiple layers of gene regulations, uncovering not only the primary mode of actions of these transcription factors on skeletal enhancers, but also the relation of the epigenetic landscape to three-dimensional chromatin architecture. Here, we review findings on the emerging framework of gene-regulatory networks involved in skeletal development. We further discuss the power of genome-scale analyses to provide new insights into genetic diseases and regenerative medicine in skeletal tissues. Skeletal development is coordinated by master transcription factors. ChIP-seq analyses for the skeletal regulators identified their modes of actions. Analyses of epigenetic landscape features distinct cell types in skeletal tissues. Integrated analyses of the gene regulatory networks link to skeletal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Hojo
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Engineering, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ung-Il Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Engineering, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Engineering, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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24
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Makki MS, Haqqi TM. Histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat (SAHA, MK0683) perturb miR-9-MCPIP1 axis to block IL-1β-induced IL-6 expression in human OA chondrocytes. Connect Tissue Res 2017; 58:64-75. [PMID: 27404795 PMCID: PMC5233650 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2016.1211113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY High levels of IL-6 are believed to contribute to osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. The expression of IL-6 is regulated post-transcriptionally by the miR-9-MCPIP-1 axis in chondrocytes. Vorinostat (SAHA) inhibits the IL-6 expression in OA chondrocytes. We investigated whether SAHA suppresses the expression of IL-6 by perturbing the miR-9-MCPIP1 axis in OA chondrocytes under pathological conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS OA chondrocytes were isolated by enzymatic digestion and treated with IL-1β in the absence or presence of SAHA. Genes and protein expression levels were determined by TaqMan assays and Western blotting, respectively. Secreted IL-6 was quantified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MCPIP1 promoter deletion mutants were generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Promoter recruitment of transcription factors was determined by ChIP. Nuclear run-on was employed to measure the ongoing transcription. siRNA-mediated knockdown of the CEBPα expression was employed for loss of function studies. RESULTS Expression of MCPIP1 was high in SAHA treated OA chondrocytes but expression of IL-6 mRNAs and secreted IL-6 were reduced by ~70%. SAHA suppressed the expression of miR-9 but enhanced the activity of the MCPIP1 promoter localized to a 156bp region which also harbors the binding site for CEBPα. Treatment with SAHA enhanced the recruitment of CEBPα to the MCPIP1 promoter. Ectopically expressed CEBPα enhanced the promoter activity and the expression of MCPIP1 while siRNA-mediated knockdown of CEBPα inhibited the expression of MCPIP1. CONCLUSIONS Taken together our data indicate that SAHA-mediated suppression of the IL-6 expression is achieved through increased recruitment of CEBPα to the MCPIP1 promoter and by relieving the miR-9-mediated inhibition of MCPIP1 expression in OA chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S Makki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
| | - Tariq M Haqqi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
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25
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Yu M, Yi SQ, Wu YR, Sun HL, Song FF, Wang JW. Ddit3 suppresses the differentiation of mouse chondroprogenitor cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:156-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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26
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An Emerging Regulatory Landscape for Skeletal Development. Trends Genet 2016; 32:774-787. [PMID: 27814929 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal development creates the physical framework that shapes our body and its actions. In the past two decades, genetic studies have provided important insights into the molecular processes at play, including the roles of signaling pathways and transcriptional effectors that coordinate an orderly, progressive emergence and expansion of distinct cartilage and bone cell fates in an invariant temporal and spatial pattern for any given skeletal element within that specific vertebrate species. Genome-scale studies have provided additional layers of understanding, moving from individual genes to the gene regulatory landscape, integrating regulatory information through cis-regulatory modules into cell type-specific gene regulatory programs. This review discusses our current understanding of the transcriptional control of mammalian skeletal development, focusing on recent genome-scale studies.
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27
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Liu CF, Samsa WE, Zhou G, Lefebvre V. Transcriptional control of chondrocyte specification and differentiation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 62:34-49. [PMID: 27771362 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A milestone in the evolutionary emergence of vertebrates was the invention of cartilage, a tissue that has key roles in modeling, protecting and complementing the bony skeleton. Cartilage is elaborated and maintained by chondrocytes. These cells derive from multipotent skeletal progenitors and they perform highly specialized functions as they proceed through sequential lineage commitment and differentiation steps. They form cartilage primordia, the primary skeleton of the embryo. They then transform these primordia either into cartilage growth plates, temporary drivers of skeletal elongation and endochondral ossification, or into permanent tissues, namely articular cartilage. Chondrocyte fate decisions and differentiated activities are controlled by numerous extrinsic and intrinsic cues, and they are implemented at the gene expression level by transcription factors. The latter are the focus of this review. Meritorious efforts from many research groups have led over the last two decades to the identification of dozens of key chondrogenic transcription factors. These regulators belong to all types of transcription factor families. Some have master roles at one or several differentiation steps. They include SOX9 and RUNX2/3. Others decisively assist or antagonize the activities of these masters. They include TWIST1, SOX5/6, and MEF2C/D. Many more have tissue-patterning roles and regulate cell survival, proliferation and the pace of cell differentiation. They include, but are not limited to, homeodomain-containing proteins and growth factor signaling mediators. We here review current knowledge of all these factors, one superclass, class, and family at a time. We then compile all knowledge into transcriptional networks. We also identify remaining gaps in knowledge and directions for future research to fill these gaps and thereby provide novel insights into cartilage disease mechanisms and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Feng Liu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - William E Samsa
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Guang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Véronique Lefebvre
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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28
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Wang Z, Tran MC, Bhatia NJ, Hsing AW, Chen C, LaRussa MF, Fattakhov E, Rashidi V, Jang KY, Choo KJ, Nie X, Mathy JA, Longaker MT, Dauskardt RH, Helms JA, Yang GP. Del1 Knockout Mice Developed More Severe Osteoarthritis Associated with Increased Susceptibility of Chondrocytes to Apoptosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160684. [PMID: 27505251 PMCID: PMC4978450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We identified significant expression of the matricellular protein, DEL1, in hypertrophic and mature cartilage during development. We hypothesized that this tissue-specific expression indicated a biological role for DEL1 in cartilage biology. METHODS Del1 KO and WT mice had cartilage thickness evaluated by histomorphometry. Additional mice underwent medial meniscectomy to induce osteoarthritis, and were assayed at 1 week for apoptosis by TUNEL staining and at 8 weeks for histology and OA scoring. In vitro proliferation and apoptosis assays were performed on primary chondrocytes. RESULTS Deletion of the Del1 gene led to decreased amounts of cartilage in the ears and knee joints in mice with otherwise normal skeletal morphology. Destabilization of the knee led to more severe OA compared to controls. In vitro, DEL1 blocked apoptosis in chondrocytes. CONCLUSION Osteoarthritis is among the most prevalent diseases worldwide and increasing in incidence as our population ages. Initiation begins with an injury resulting in the release of inflammatory mediators. Excessive production of inflammatory mediators results in apoptosis of chondrocytes. Because of the limited ability of chondrocytes to regenerate, articular cartilage deteriorates leading to the clinical symptoms including severe pain and decreased mobility. No treatments effectively block the progression of OA. We propose that direct modulation of chondrocyte apoptosis is a key variable in the etiology of OA, and therapies aimed at preventing this important step represent a new class of regenerative medicine targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Misha C. Tran
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Namrata J. Bhatia
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Alexander W. Hsing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Carol Chen
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Marie F. LaRussa
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Ernst Fattakhov
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Vania Rashidi
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Kyu Yun Jang
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kevin J. Choo
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Xingju Nie
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A. Mathy
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Reinhold H. Dauskardt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Jill A. Helms
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - George P. Yang
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Palo Alto VA Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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Zhang K, Li N, Ainsworth RI, Wang W. Systematic identification of protein combinations mediating chromatin looping. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12249. [PMID: 27461729 PMCID: PMC4974460 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin looping plays a pivotal role in gene expression and other biological processes through bringing distal regulatory elements into spatial proximity. The formation of chromatin loops is mainly mediated by DNA-binding proteins (DBPs) that bind to the interacting sites and form complexes in three-dimensional (3D) space. Previously, identification of DBP cooperation has been limited to those binding to neighbouring regions in the proximal linear genome (1D cooperation). Here we present the first study that integrates protein ChIP-seq and Hi-C data to systematically identify both the 1D- and 3D-cooperation between DBPs. We develop a new network model that allows identification of cooperation between multiple DBPs and reveals cell-type-specific and -independent regulations. Using this framework, we retrieve many known and previously unknown 3D-cooperations between DBPs in chromosomal loops that may be a key factor in influencing the 3D organization of chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0359, USA
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0359, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0359, USA
| | - Richard I. Ainsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0359, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0359, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0359, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0359, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0359, USA
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30
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Hiyama A, Hiraishi S, Sakai D, Mochida J. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β regulates the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α in the nucleus pulposus cells. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:865-75. [PMID: 26505752 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is important in the process of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration because of its ability to regulate other inflammatory mediators in autocrine and paracrine fashions. The mechanism responsible for the cell type-specific regulation of TNF-α is not well known. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBP β) is one of the transcriptional factors that is implicated in TNF-α expression. However, it is not known whether cross talk occurs between C/EBP β and the TNF-α pathway in IVD cells. The expression and effect of the C/EBP β mRNA and protein in rat IVD cells was assessed using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescence analyses. We present data that show that the C/EBP β mRNA and protein were expressed in rat and human IVDs in vivo. We also found that the expression of TNF-α is regulated by the transcription factor C/EBP β in rat NP cells. The TNF-α promoter was suppressed completely in the presence of the ERK inhibitor PD98059 and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor SB202190, but not in the presence of the JNK inhibitor SP600125. In addition, gain and loss of function analyses showed that the expression of TNF-α was regulated by C/EBP β through the MAPK pathways. These findings showed that C/EBP β acts as a potent pro-inflammatory mediator by inducing the TNF-α gene at the transcription and protein levels via the ERK1/2 and p38 pathways in rat NP cells. Our findings may open a new avenue toward the understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of IVD cells. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:865-875, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Hiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan.,Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Hiraishi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan.,Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan.,Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Joji Mochida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan.,Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan
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31
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Zhang XF, Li KK, Gao L, Li SZ, Chen K, Zhang JB, Wang D, Tu RF, Zhang JX, Tao KX, Wang G, Zhang XD. miR-191 promotes tumorigenesis of human colorectal cancer through targeting C/EBPβ. Oncotarget 2016; 6:4144-58. [PMID: 25784653 PMCID: PMC4414178 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-191 (miR-191), a small non-coding RNA, is involved in disease development and cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, how miR-191 functions in colorectal cancer remains largely unclear. In this study, we show that miR-191 is highly expressed in colon tumor tissues, and that inhibition of miR-191 leads to decreased cell growth, proliferation and tumorigenicity in a xenograft model. Overexpression of miR-191 in colorectal cancer cell lines alters cell cycle progression and cell resistance to 5-Fu induced cell apoptosis. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that miR-191 directly binds to the 3′UTR of the C/EBPβ mRNA and mediates a decrease in the mRNA and protein expression of C/EBPβ. We further showed that C/EBPβ induces growth arrest in a colorectal cancer cell line and that its expression is negatively correlated with the miR-191 level in patient samples. Our findings suggest that miR-191 may be a potential gene therapy target for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Ke-ke Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Lu Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Shang-Ze Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Ke Chen
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Jun-Bin Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Rong-Fu Tu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Jin-Xiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Kai-Xiong Tao
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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Shimada H, Otero M, Tsuchimochi K, Yamasaki S, Sakakima H, Matsuda F, Sakasegawa M, Setoguchi T, Xu L, Goldring MB, Tanimoto A, Komiya S, Ijiri K. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) regulates the transcription of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 45 β (GADD45β) in articular chondrocytes. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:302-9. [PMID: 26896926 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a whole joint disease characterized by cartilage degradation, which causes pain and disability in older adults. Our previous work showed that growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 45 β (GADD45β) is upregulated in chondrocyte clusters in OA cartilage, especially in the early stage of this disease. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is expressed in the hypertrophic growth plate chondrocytes and functions in synergy with GADD45β. Here, the presence and localization of these proteins was assessed by immunohistochemistry using articular cartilage from OA patients, revealing colocalization of C/EBPβ and GADD45β in OA chondrocytes. GADD45β promoter analysis was performed to determine whether C/EBPβ directly regulates GADD45β transcription. Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of C/EBPβ on Gadd45β gene regulation in articular chondrocytes in vivo and in vitro. Immunohistochemical analysis of C/ebpβ-haploinsufficient mice (C/ebpβ(+/-)) cartilage showed that C/ebpβ haploinsufficiency led to reduced Gadd45β gene expression in these cells. In vitro, we evaluated the effects of conditional C/EBPβ overexpression driven by the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (Comp) promoter in mComp-tTA;pTRE-Tight-BI-DsRed-mC/ebpβ transgenic mice. C/EBPβ overexpression significantly stimulated Gadd45β gene expression in articular chondrocytes. Taken together, our data demonstrate that C/EBPβ plays a central role in controlling Gadd45β gene expression in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Shimada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Miguel Otero
- Laboratory for Cartilage Biology, Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kaneyuki Tsuchimochi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Onga Nakama Medical Association, Onga Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamasaki
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Harutoshi Sakakima
- Course of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Matsuda
- Course of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Megumi Sakasegawa
- Course of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takao Setoguchi
- The Near-Future Locomotor Organ Medicine Creation Course (Kusunoki Kai), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine And Faculty of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary B Goldring
- Laboratory for Cartilage Biology, Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Akihide Tanimoto
- Department of Human Pathology, Field of Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Setsuro Komiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kosei Ijiri
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Pike JW, Meyer MB, St John HC, Benkusky NA. Epigenetic histone modifications and master regulators as determinants of context dependent nuclear receptor activity in bone cells. Bone 2015; 81:757-764. [PMID: 25819039 PMCID: PMC4584159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genomic annotation of unique and combinatorial epigenetic modifications along with transcription factor occupancy is having a profound impact on our understanding of the genome. These studies have led to a better appreciation of the dynamic nature of the epigenetic and transcription factor binding components that reveal overarching principles of the genome as well as tissue specificity. In this minireview, we discuss the presence and potential functions of several of these features across the genome in osteoblast lineage cells. We examine how these features are modulated during cellular maturation, affect transcriptional output and phenotype, and how they alter the ability of cells to respond to systemic signals directed by calcemic hormones such as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and PTH. In particular, we describe recent experiments which indicate that progressive stages of bone cell differentiation affect RUNX2 binding to the genome, modify and restrict patterns of gene expression, and dramatically alter cellular response to the vitamin D hormone. These studies expand our understanding of mechanisms that govern steroid hormone regulation of gene expression, while highlighting the increasing complexity that is evident relative to these basic cellular processes. The results also have profound implications with respect to the impact of skeletal diseases on transcriptional outcomes as well. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Epigenetics and Bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wesley Pike
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Mark B Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hillary C St John
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nancy A Benkusky
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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XBP1-Independent UPR Pathways Suppress C/EBP-β Mediated Chondrocyte Differentiation in ER-Stress Related Skeletal Disease. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005505. [PMID: 26372225 PMCID: PMC4651170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (MCDS) involves dwarfism and growth plate cartilage hypertrophic zone expansion resulting from dominant mutations in the hypertrophic zone collagen, Col10a1. Mouse models phenocopying MCDS through the expression of an exogenous misfolding protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in hypertrophic chondrocytes have demonstrated the central importance of ER stress in the pathology of MCDS. The resultant unfolded protein response (UPR) in affected chondrocytes involved activation of canonical ER stress sensors, IRE1, ATF6, and PERK with the downstream effect of disrupted chondrocyte differentiation. Here, we investigated the role of the highly conserved IRE1/XBP1 pathway in the pathology of MCDS. Mice with a MCDS collagen X p.N617K knock-in mutation (ColXN617K) were crossed with mice in which Xbp1 was inactivated specifically in cartilage (Xbp1CartΔEx2), generating the compound mutant, C/X. The severity of dwarfism and hypertrophic zone expansion in C/X did not differ significantly from ColXN617K, revealing surprising redundancy for the IRE1/XBP1 UPR pathway in the pathology of MCDS. Transcriptomic analyses of hypertrophic zone cartilage identified differentially expressed gene cohorts in MCDS that are pathologically relevant (XBP1-independent) or pathologically redundant (XBP1-dependent). XBP1-independent gene expression changes included large-scale transcriptional attenuation of genes encoding secreted proteins and disrupted differentiation from proliferative to hypertrophic chondrocytes. Moreover, these changes were consistent with disruption of C/EBP-β, a master regulator of chondrocyte differentiation, by CHOP, a transcription factor downstream of PERK that inhibits C/EBP proteins, and down-regulation of C/EBP-β transcriptional co-factors, GADD45-β and RUNX2. Thus we propose that the pathology of MCDS is underpinned by XBP1 independent UPR-induced dysregulation of C/EBP-β-mediated chondrocyte differentiation. Our data suggest that modulation of C/EBP-β activity in MCDS chondrocytes may offer therapeutic opportunities. A significant component of the molecular pathology of many inherited skeletal disorders caused by mutations that cause misfolding and intracellular retention of extracellular matrix proteins is the induction of a cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress called the unfolded protein response (UPR). In the case of Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (MCDS) caused by collagen X misfolding mutations, the consequences of the UPR have been shown to be the central cause of the cartilage pathology. Thus understanding the involvement of canonical UPR sensors, IRE1, ATF6, and PERK and their downstream signalling effects on chondrocyte differentiation and function is important for defining disease mechanisms and devising new therapies. Using a mouse model expressing misfolding collagen X and lacking IRE1/XBP1 pathway activity in chondrocytes, we demonstrate that this highly conserved UPR pathway is redundant to the cartilage pathology thus implicating XBP1-independent UPR signalling pathways. Based on detailed analysis of gene expression patterns we propose that XBP1-independent UPR driven disruption of C/EBP-β, a master regulator of chondrocyte differentiation, is important for the pathophysiology. Strategies designed to modulate C/EBP-β activity may thus offer therapeutic opportunities.
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Cesario JM, Landin Malt A, Deacon LJ, Sandberg M, Vogt D, Tang Z, Zhao Y, Brown S, Rubenstein JL, Jeong J. Lhx6 and Lhx8 promote palate development through negative regulation of a cell cycle inhibitor gene, p57Kip2. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:5024-39. [PMID: 26071365 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleft palate is a common birth defect in humans. Therefore, understanding the molecular genetics of palate development is important from both scientific and medical perspectives. Lhx6 and Lhx8 encode LIM homeodomain transcription factors, and inactivation of both genes in mice resulted in profound craniofacial defects including cleft secondary palate. The initial outgrowth of the palate was severely impaired in the mutant embryos, due to decreased cell proliferation. Through genome-wide transcriptional profiling, we discovered that p57(Kip2) (Cdkn1c), encoding a cell cycle inhibitor, was up-regulated in the prospective palate of Lhx6(-/-);Lhx8(-/-) mutants. p57(Kip2) has been linked to Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and IMAGe syndrome in humans, which are developmental disorders with increased incidents of palate defects among the patients. To determine the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of p57(Kip2) by the Lhx genes, we combined chromatin immunoprecipitation, in silico search for transcription factor-binding motifs, and in vitro reporter assays with putative cis-regulatory elements. The results of these experiments indicated that LHX6 and LHX8 regulated p57(Kip2) via both direct and indirect mechanisms, with the latter mediated by Forkhead box (FOX) family transcription factors. Together, our findings uncovered a novel connection between the initiation of palate development and a cell cycle inhibitor via LHX. We propose a model in which Lhx6 and Lhx8 negatively regulate p57(Kip2) expression in the prospective palate area to allow adequate levels of cell proliferation and thereby promote normal palate development. This is the first report elucidating a molecular genetic pathway downstream of Lhx in palate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffry M Cesario
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Andre Landin Malt
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Lindsay J Deacon
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Magnus Sandberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel Vogt
- Department of Psychiatry, Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Zuojian Tang
- Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA and
| | - Yangu Zhao
- Program on Genomics of Differentiation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stuart Brown
- Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA and
| | - John L Rubenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Juhee Jeong
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA,
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Sun MMG, Beier F. Chondrocyte hypertrophy in skeletal development, growth, and disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 102:74-82. [PMID: 24677724 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Most of our bones form through the process of endochondral ossification, which is tightly regulated by the activity of the cartilage growth plate. Chondrocyte maturation through the various stages of growth plate physiology ultimately results in hypertrophy. Chondrocyte hypertrophy is an essential contributor to longitudinal bone growth, but recent data suggest that these cells also play fundamental roles in signaling to other skeletal cells, thus coordinating endochondral ossification. On the other hand, ectopic hypertrophy of articular chondrocytes has been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Thus, a better understanding of the processes that control chondrocyte hypertrophy in the growth plate as well as in articular cartilage is required for improved management of both skeletal growth disorders and osteoarthritis. This review summarizes recent findings on the regulation of hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation, the cellular mechanisms involved in hypertrophy, and the role of chondrocyte hypertrophy in skeletal physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Man-Ger Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, and Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Skeletal dysplasias result from disruptions in normal skeletal growth and development and are a major contributor to severe short stature. They occur in approximately 1/5,000 births, and some are lethal. Since the most recent publication of the Nosology and Classification of Genetic Skeletal Disorders, genetic causes of 56 skeletal disorders have been uncovered. This remarkable rate of discovery is largely due to the expanded use of high-throughput genomic technologies. In this review, we discuss these recent discoveries and our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind these skeletal dysplasia phenotypes. We also cover potential therapies, unusual genetic mechanisms, and novel skeletal syndromes both with and without known genetic causes. The acceleration of skeletal dysplasia genetics is truly spectacular, and these advances hold great promise for diagnostics, risk prediction, and therapeutic design.
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C/EBPβ (CEBPB) protein binding to the C/EBP|CRE DNA 8-mer TTGC|GTCA is inhibited by 5hmC and enhanced by 5mC, 5fC, and 5caC in the CG dinucleotide. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2015; 1849:583-9. [PMID: 25779641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
During mammalian development, some methylated cytosines (5mC) in CG dinucleotides are iteratively oxidized by TET dioxygenases to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). The effect of these cytosine oxidative products on the sequence-specific DNA binding of transcription factors is being actively investigated. Here, we used the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) to examine C/EBPα and C/EBPβ homodimers binding to all 25 chemical forms of a CG dinucleotide for two DNA sequences: the canonical C/EBP 8-mer TTGC|GCAA and the chimeric C/EBP|CRE 8-mer TTGC|GTCA. 5hmC in the CG dinucleotide in the C/EBP|CRE motif 8-mer TGAC|GCAA inhibits binding of C/EBPβ but not C/EBPα. Binding was increased by 5mC, 5fC and 5caC. Circular dichroism monitored thermal denaturations for C/EBPβ bound to the C/EBP|CRE motif confirmed the EMSA. The structural differences between C/EBPα and C/EBPβ that may account for the difference in binding 5hmC in the 8-mer TGAC|GCAA are explored.
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Schwentner R, Papamarkou T, Kauer MO, Stathopoulos V, Yang F, Bilke S, Meltzer PS, Girolami M, Kovar H. EWS-FLI1 employs an E2F switch to drive target gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:2780-9. [PMID: 25712098 PMCID: PMC4357724 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle progression is orchestrated by E2F factors. We previously reported that in ETS-driven cancers of the bone and prostate, activating E2F3 cooperates with ETS on target promoters. The mechanism of target co-regulation remained unknown. Using RNAi and time-resolved chromatin-immunoprecipitation in Ewing sarcoma we report replacement of E2F3/pRB by constitutively expressed repressive E2F4/p130 complexes on target genes upon EWS-FLI1 modulation. Using mathematical modeling we interrogated four alternative explanatory models for the observed EWS-FLI1/E2F3 cooperation based on longitudinal E2F target and regulating transcription factor expression analysis. Bayesian model selection revealed the formation of a synergistic complex between EWS-FLI1 and E2F3 as the by far most likely mechanism explaining the observed kinetics of E2F target induction. Consequently we propose that aberrant cell cycle activation in Ewing sarcoma is due to the de-repression of E2F targets as a consequence of transcriptional induction and physical recruitment of E2F3 by EWS-FLI1 replacing E2F4 on their target promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaela Schwentner
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | | | - Maximilian O Kauer
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | | | - Fan Yang
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sven Bilke
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul S Meltzer
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark Girolami
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Heinrich Kovar
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna 1090, Austria Dept. of Pediatrics, Medical University, Vienna 1090, Austria
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Transcription factor Hes1 modulates osteoarthritis development in cooperation with calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:3080-5. [PMID: 25733872 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1419699112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling modulates skeletal formation and pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) through induction of catabolic factors. Here we examined roles of Hes1, a transcription factor and important target of Notch signaling, in these processes. SRY-box containing gene 9 (Sox9)-Cre mice were mated with Hes1(fl/fl) mice to generate tissue-specific deletion of Hes1 from chondroprogenitor cells; this deletion caused no obvious abnormality in the perinatal period. Notably, OA development was suppressed when Hes1 was deleted from articular cartilage after skeletal growth in type II collagen (Col2a1)-Cre(ERT);Hes1(fl/fl) mice. In cultured chondrocytes, Hes1 induced metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 5 (Adamts5) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (Mmp13), which are catabolic enzymes that break down cartilage matrix. ChIP-seq and luciferase assays identified Hes1-responsive regions in intronic sites of both genes; the region in the ADAMTS5 gene contained a typical consensus sequence for Hes1 binding, whereas that in the MMP13 gene did not. Additionally, microarray analysis, together with the ChIP-seq, revealed novel Hes1 target genes, including Il6 and Il1rl1, coding a receptor for IL-33. We further identified calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2δ (CaMK2δ) as a cofactor of Hes1; CaMK2δ was activated during OA development, formed a protein complex with Hes1, and switched it from a transcriptional repressor to a transcriptional activator to induce cartilage catabolic factors. Therefore, Hes1 cooperated with CaMK2δ to modulate OA pathogenesis through induction of catabolic factors, including Adamts5, Mmp13, Il6, and Il1rl1. Our findings have contributed to further understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of OA, and may provide the basis for development of novel treatments for joint disorders.
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Resistin stimulates expression of chemokine genes in chondrocytes via combinatorial regulation of C/EBPβ and NF-κB. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:17242-55. [PMID: 25264740 PMCID: PMC4227159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151017242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To further investigate the regulation role of two chemokine genes CCL3 and CCL4 in chondrocytes in response to resistin, human primary chondrocytes and T/C-28a2 cells were cultured. The function of resistin on the chemokine genes, and the expression of C/EBPβ, NF-κB isoforms were tested using qPCR. The methods used to investigate timed co-regulation of C/EBPβ and NF-κB were NF-κB inhibitor (IKK-NBD) and C/EBPβ inhibitor (SB303580) treatments, and subcellular localization, with or without resistin stimulation. Results showed that resistin could increase the up-regulation of chemokine genes independently. Resistin increased the expression of C/EBPβ and NF-κB isoforms. C/EBPβ regulated basal activity and steadily increased over time up to 24h with resistin. NF-κB was up-regulated upon induction with resistin, peaking at 4 h. C/EBPβ and NF-κB co-enhanced the chemokines expression; inhibition of their activity was additive. The timing of activation in chondrocytes was confirmed by subcellular localization of C/EBPβ and c-rel. Chondrocytes react to resistin in a non-restricted cell-specific manner, utilizing C/EBPβ and NF-κB in a combinatorial regulation of chemokine gene expression. The activity of C/EBPβ is augmented by a transient increase in activity of NF-κB, and both transcription factors act independently on the chemokine genes, CCL3 and CCL4. Thus, resistin stimulates CCL3 and CCL4 through combinatorial regulation of C/EBPβ and NF-κB in chondrocytes.
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Ushijima T, Okazaki K, Tsushima H, Ishihara K, Doi T, Iwamoto Y. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β regulates expression of Indian hedgehog during chondrocytes differentiation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104547. [PMID: 25105964 PMCID: PMC4126692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is a transcription factor that promotes hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes. Indian hedgehog (Ihh) also stimulates the hypertrophic transition of chondrocytes. Furthermore, runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2) was reported to regulate chondrocyte maturation during skeletal development and to directly regulate transcriptional activity of Ihh. In this study, we investigated whether the interaction of C/EBPβ and RUNX2 regulates the expression of Ihh during chondrocyte differentiation. Methodology/Results Immunohistochemistry of embryonic growth plate revealed that both C/EBPβ and Ihh were strongly expressed in pre-hypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes. Overexpression of C/EBPβ by adenovirus vector in ATDC5 cells caused marked stimulation of Ihh and Runx2. Conversely, knockdown of C/EBPβ by lentivirus expressing shRNA significantly repressed Ihh and Runx2 in ATDC5 cells. A reporter assay revealed that C/EBPβ stimulated transcriptional activity of Ihh. Deletion and mutation analysis showed that the C/EBPβ responsive element was located between −214 and −210 bp in the Ihh promoter. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay also revealed the direct binding of C/EBPβ to this region. Moreover, reporter assays demonstrated that RUNX2 failed to stimulate the transcriptional activity of the Ihh promoter harboring a mutation at the C/EBPβ binding site. EMSA and ChIP assays showed that RUNX2 interacted to this element with C/EBPβ. Immunoprecipitation revealed that RUNX2 and C/EBPβ formed heterodimer complex with each other in the nuclei of chondrocytes. These data suggested that the C/EBPβ binding element is also important for RUNX2 to regulate the expression of Ihh. Ex vivo organ culture of mouse limbs transfected with C/EBPβ showed that the expression of Ihh and RUNX2 was increased upon ectopic C/EBPβ expression. Conclusions C/EBPβ and RUNX2 cooperatively stimulate expression of Ihh through direct interactions with a C/EBPβ binding element, which further promotes hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes during the chondrocyte differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ushijima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ken Okazaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hidetoshi Tsushima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohei Ishihara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshio Doi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukihide Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Zou J, Li H, Chen X, Zeng S, Ye J, Zhou C, Liu M, Zhang L, Yu N, Gan X, Zhou H, Xian Z, Chen S, Liu P. C/EBPβ knockdown protects cardiomyocytes from hypertrophy via inhibition of p65-NFκB. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 390:18-25. [PMID: 24704266 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
C/EBPβ, a member of the bHLH gene family of DNA-binding transcription factors, has been indicated as a central signal in physiologic hypertrophy. However, the role of C/EBPβ in pathological cardiac hypertrophy remains to be elucidated. In this study, we revealed that C/EBPβ is involved in cardiac hypertrophy, the expression of C/EBPβ were significantly increased in response to hypertrophic stimulation in vitro and in vivo. C/EBPβ knockdown inhibited PE-induced cardiac hypertrophy, and diminished the nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity of p65-NFκB. These results suggested that C/EBPβ knockdown protected cardiomyocytes from hypertrophy, which may be attributed to inhibition of NFκB-dependent transcriptional activity. These findings shed new light on the understanding of C/EBPβ-related cardiomyopathy, and suggest the potential application of C/EBPβ inhibitors in cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Siyu Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 524000, China
| | - Jiantao Ye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Changhua Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Luankun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Na Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaohong Gan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Houfeng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiwei Xian
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shaorui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Padmashali RM, Mistriotis P, Liang MS, Andreadis ST. Lentiviral arrays for live-cell dynamic monitoring of gene and pathway activity during stem cell differentiation. Mol Ther 2014; 22:1971-82. [PMID: 24895998 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncovering the complexity of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation requires novel methods to capture the dynamics of the process in a quantitative and high-throughput manner. To this end, we developed a lentiviral array (LVA) of reporters to capture the dynamics of gene and pathway activity during MSC differentiation into adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages. Our results identified signature promoters and pathways with unique activation profile for each MSC lineage. In combination with chemical inhibitors, lineage-specific reporters predicted the effects of signaling pathway perturbations on MSC differentiation. Interestingly, some pathways were critical for differentiation into all lineages, while others had differential effects on each lineage. Our study suggests that when combined with large chemical or siRNA libraries, the reporter LVA can be used to uncover novel genes and signaling pathways affecting complex biological processes such as stem cell differentiation or reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan M Padmashali
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Bioengineering Laboratory, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, New York, USA
| | - Panagiotis Mistriotis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Bioengineering Laboratory, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, New York, USA
| | - Mao-shih Liang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Bioengineering Laboratory, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, New York, USA
| | - Stelios T Andreadis
- 1] Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Bioengineering Laboratory, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, New York, USA [2] Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, New York, Amherst, USA [3] Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
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45
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Harada A, Okazaki E, Okada S, Tachibana T, Ohkawa Y. Production of a monoclonal antibody for C/EBPβ: the subnuclear localization of C/EBPβ in mouse L929 cells. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2014; 33:34-7. [PMID: 24555934 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2013.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)β belongs to the C/EBP family of proteins that possesses a basic leucine zipper DNA-binding domain. These proteins bind DNA by dimerization and play a role in the transcriptional regulation of various cells. There are six different types of C/EBPs, and some form isoforms through the use of alternative translation initiation sites. The functional analysis of the C/EBP family is therefore difficult to achieve. Here we report on the production of specific monoclonal antibodies against mouse C/EBPβ using a rat medial iliac lymph node method. Immunoblotting using C/EBPβ monoclonal antibodies identified two types of isoforms, while immunostaining revealed a subnuclear localization for C/EBPβ. Use of this antibody should contribute to the further elucidation of the transcriptional regulatory function of C/EBPβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Harada
- 1 Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, JST-CREST, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
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46
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Yan Z, Xu L, Han J, Wu YJ, Wang W, Yao W, Wu W. Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation and endocytosis were involved in zinc oxide nanoparticle-induced interleukin-8 overexpression in human bronchial epithelial cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2014; 30:79-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-014-9270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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47
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Ushijima T, Okazaki K, Tsushima H, Iwamoto Y. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β regulates the repression of type II collagen expression during the differentiation from proliferative to hypertrophic chondrocytes. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:2852-63. [PMID: 24344131 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.492843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is a transcription factor that promotes hypertrophic differentiation by stimulating type X collagen and matrix metalloproteinase 13 during chondrocyte differentiation. However, the effect of C/EBPβ on proliferative chondrocytes is unclear. Here, we investigated whether C/EBPβ represses type II collagen (COL2A1) expression and is involved in the regulation of sex-determining region Y-type high mobility group box 9 (SOX9), a crucial factor for transactivation of Col2a1. Endogenous expression of C/EBPβ in the embryonic growth plate and differentiated ATDC5 cells were opposite to those of COL2A1 and SOX9. Overexpression of C/EBPβ by adenovirus vector in ATDC5 cells caused marked repression of Col2a1. The expression of Sox9 mRNA and nuclear protein was also repressed, resulting in decreased binding of SOX9 to the Col2a1 enhancer as shown by a ChIP assay. Knockdown of C/EBPβ by lentivirus expressing shRNA caused significant stimulation of these genes in ATDC5 cells. Reporter assays demonstrated that C/EBPβ repressed transcriptional activity of Col2a1. Deletion and mutation analysis showed that the C/EBPβ core responsive element was located between +2144 and +2152 bp within the Col2a1 enhancer. EMSA and ChIP assays also revealed that C/EBPβ directly bound to this region. Ex vivo organ cultures of mouse limbs transfected with C/EBPβ showed that the expression of COL2A1 and SOX9 was reduced upon ectopic C/EBPβ expression. Together, these results indicated that C/EBPβ represses the transcriptional activity of Col2a1 both directly and indirectly through modulation of Sox9 expression. This consequently promotes the phenotypic conversion from proliferative to hypertrophic chondrocytes during chondrocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ushijima
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, 812-8582, Japan
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48
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Shang J, Liu H, Zhou Y. Roles of microRNAs in prenatal chondrogenesis, postnatal chondrogenesis and cartilage-related diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:1515-24. [PMID: 24373548 PMCID: PMC3914653 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage has limited repair and regeneration capacity, thus damage of cartilage often results in its dysfunction and even chronic diseases like osteoarthritis (OA). Chondrogenesis induced by tissue-engineering methods is essential to treating cartilage-related diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding single-stranded RNAs which exert their biological effects by binding to the target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), resulting in decay or translation suppression of target mRNAs. There are emerging evidence indicating that miRNAs may play important roles in regulating both prenatal and postnatal chondrogenesis. During embryonic skeletal development, prenatal chondrogenesis is thought to be a precondition for formation of cartilage in developing limbs. Plenty of studies on different types of stem cells have undoubtedly proven their capacity of differentiating into chondrocytes. MiRNAs are found to comprehensively modulate these processes by establishing an interaction network with target genes, transcription factors and cytokines et al. In addition, translational application of miRNA technology has also been explored. In this review, we focus on the up-dated progress on regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in prenatal and postnatal chondrogenesis. In addition, several miRNA target genes and roles of miRNAs in cartilage-related diseases are also discussed. This will contribute to studies of chondrogenesis mechanisms and development of new treating methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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49
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ADAM17 controls endochondral ossification by regulating terminal differentiation of chondrocytes. Mol Cell Biol 2013. [PMID: 23732913 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00291‐13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Endochondral ossification is a highly regulated process that relies on properly orchestrated cell-cell interactions in the developing growth plate. This study is focused on understanding the role of a crucial regulator of cell-cell interactions, the membrane-anchored metalloproteinase ADAM17, in endochondral ossification. ADAM17 releases growth factors, cytokines, and other membrane proteins from cells and is essential for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and for processing tumor necrosis factor alpha. Here, we report that mice lacking ADAM17 in chondrocytes (A17ΔCh) have a significantly expanded zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate and retarded growth of long bones. This abnormality is caused by an accumulation of the most terminally differentiated type of chondrocytes that produces a calcified matrix. Inactivation of ADAM17 in osteoclasts or endothelial cells does not affect the zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes, suggesting that the main role of ADAM17 in the growth plate is in chondrocytes. This notion is further supported by in vitro experiments showing enhanced hypertrophic differentiation of primary chondrocytes lacking Adam17. The enlarged zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes in A17ΔCh mice resembles that described in mice with mutant EGFR signaling or lack of its ligand transforming growth factor α (TGFα), suggesting that ADAM17 regulates terminal differentiation of chondrocytes during endochondral ossification by activating the TGFα/EGFR signaling axis.
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50
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ADAM17 controls endochondral ossification by regulating terminal differentiation of chondrocytes. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:3077-90. [PMID: 23732913 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00291-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endochondral ossification is a highly regulated process that relies on properly orchestrated cell-cell interactions in the developing growth plate. This study is focused on understanding the role of a crucial regulator of cell-cell interactions, the membrane-anchored metalloproteinase ADAM17, in endochondral ossification. ADAM17 releases growth factors, cytokines, and other membrane proteins from cells and is essential for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and for processing tumor necrosis factor alpha. Here, we report that mice lacking ADAM17 in chondrocytes (A17ΔCh) have a significantly expanded zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate and retarded growth of long bones. This abnormality is caused by an accumulation of the most terminally differentiated type of chondrocytes that produces a calcified matrix. Inactivation of ADAM17 in osteoclasts or endothelial cells does not affect the zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes, suggesting that the main role of ADAM17 in the growth plate is in chondrocytes. This notion is further supported by in vitro experiments showing enhanced hypertrophic differentiation of primary chondrocytes lacking Adam17. The enlarged zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes in A17ΔCh mice resembles that described in mice with mutant EGFR signaling or lack of its ligand transforming growth factor α (TGFα), suggesting that ADAM17 regulates terminal differentiation of chondrocytes during endochondral ossification by activating the TGFα/EGFR signaling axis.
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