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Mubarak AS, Ameen ZS, Hassan AS, Ozsahin DU. Enhancing tuberculosis vaccine development: a deconvolution neural network approach for multi-epitope prediction. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10375. [PMID: 38710737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) poses a significant threat to human life, and current BCG vaccinations only provide sporadic protection, therefore there is a need for developing efficient vaccines. Numerous immunoinformatic methods have been utilized previously, here for the first time a deep learning framework based on Deconvolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (DCNN-BiLSTM) was used to predict Mtb Multiepitope vaccine (MtbMEV) subunits against six Mtb H37Rv proteins. The trained model was used to design MEV within a few minutes against TB better than other machine learning models with 99.5% accuracy. The MEV has good antigenicity, and physiochemical properties, and is thermostable, soluble, and hydrophilic. The vaccine's BLAST search ruled out the possibility of autoimmune reactions. The secondary structure analysis revealed 87% coil, 10% beta, and 2% alpha helix, while the tertiary structure was highly upgraded after refinement. Molecular docking with TLR3 and TLR4 receptors showed good binding, indicating high immune reactions. Immune response simulation confirmed the generation of innate and adaptive responses. In-silico cloning revealed the vaccine is highly expressed in E. coli. The results can be further experimentally verified using various analyses to establish a candidate vaccine for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auwalu Saleh Mubarak
- Operational Research Centre in Healthcare, Near East University, TRNC Mersin 10, Nicosia, 99138, Turkey
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Aliko Dangote University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Zubaida Said Ameen
- Operational Research Centre in Healthcare, Near East University, TRNC Mersin 10, Nicosia, 99138, Turkey
- Department of Biochemistry, Yusuf Maitama Sule University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Abdurrahman Shuaibu Hassan
- Department of Electrical Electronics and Automation Systems Engineering, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Dilber Uzun Ozsahin
- Operational Research Centre in Healthcare, Near East University, TRNC Mersin 10, Nicosia, 99138, Turkey.
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Science, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
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2
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Christensen D. Head-to-Head Comparison of Novel Vaccine Technologies Comes with a Minefield of Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:12. [PMID: 38276490 PMCID: PMC10819579 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Modern vaccine development is having a golden period, with a variety of novel subunit technologies being introduced into clinical development in recent years. This opens the opportunity to find the best platform to use for novel vaccine antigen candidates through head-to-head comparative studies. Seldom appreciated is, however, the fact that these different technologies often do not have the same optimal antigen dose ratio, prime-boost regime and peak timepoint for measuring immunity. Instead, the preclinical studies that make the basis for platform selection use standard protocols not optimized for individual vaccines and fail to make selection on an informed basis. Here, I discuss the opportunities we have to optimize vaccine platform technologies through a better understanding of vaccine priming kinetics, the optimal antigen dose and sampling time and location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Christensen
- Adjuvant Systems Research & Development, Croda Pharma, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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3
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Chopra H, Mohanta YK, Rauta PR, Ahmed R, Mahanta S, Mishra PK, Panda P, Rabaan AA, Alshehri AA, Othman B, Alshahrani MA, Alqahtani AS, AL Basha BA, Dhama K. An Insight into Advances in Developing Nanotechnology Based Therapeutics, Drug Delivery, Diagnostics and Vaccines: Multidimensional Applications in Tuberculosis Disease Management. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:581. [PMID: 37111338 PMCID: PMC10145450 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), one of the deadliest contagious diseases, is a major concern worldwide. Long-term treatment, a high pill burden, limited compliance, and strict administration schedules are all variables that contribute to the development of MDR and XDR tuberculosis patients. The rise of multidrug-resistant strains and a scarcity of anti-TB medications pose a threat to TB control in the future. As a result, a strong and effective system is required to overcome technological limitations and improve the efficacy of therapeutic medications, which is still a huge problem for pharmacological technology. Nanotechnology offers an interesting opportunity for accurate identification of mycobacterial strains and improved medication treatment possibilities for tuberculosis. Nano medicine in tuberculosis is an emerging research field that provides the possibility of efficient medication delivery using nanoparticles and a decrease in drug dosages and adverse effects to boost patient compliance with therapy and recovery. Due to their fascinating characteristics, this strategy is useful in overcoming the abnormalities associated with traditional therapy and leads to some optimization of the therapeutic impact. It also decreases the dosing frequency and eliminates the problem of low compliance. To develop modern diagnosis techniques, upgraded treatment, and possible prevention of tuberculosis, the nanoparticle-based tests have demonstrated considerable advances. The literature search was conducted using Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Elsevier databases only. This article examines the possibility of employing nanotechnology for TB diagnosis, nanotechnology-based medicine delivery systems, and prevention for the successful elimination of TB illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Nanobiotechnology and Translational Knowledge Laboratory, Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Techno City, 9th Mile, Ri-Bhoi, Baridua 793101, Meghalaya, India
| | | | - Ramzan Ahmed
- Nanobiotechnology and Translational Knowledge Laboratory, Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Techno City, 9th Mile, Ri-Bhoi, Baridua 793101, Meghalaya, India
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Saurov Mahanta
- National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT), Guwahati Centre, Guwahati 781008, Assam, India
| | | | - Paramjot Panda
- School of Biological Sciences, AIPH University, Bhubaneswar 754001, Odisha, India
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad A. Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basim Othman
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha 65779, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdulrahman Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S. Alqahtani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baneen Ali AL Basha
- Laboratory Department, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam 32253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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4
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Andongma BT, Huang Y, Chen F, Tang Q, Yang M, Chou SH, Li X, He J. In silico design of a promiscuous chimeric multi-epitope vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:991-1004. [PMID: 36733703 PMCID: PMC9883148 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health threat, killing approximately 1.5 million people each year. The eradication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the main causative agent of TB, is increasingly challenging due to the emergence of extensive drug-resistant strains. Vaccination is considered an effective way to protect the host from pathogens, but the only clinically approved TB vaccine, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), has limited protection in adults. Multi-epitope vaccines have been found to enhance immunity to diseases by selectively combining epitopes from several candidate proteins. This study aimed to design a multi-epitope vaccine against TB using an immuno-informatics approach. Through functional enrichment, we identified eight proteins secreted by M. tuberculosis that are either required for pathogenesis, secreted into extracellular space, or both. We then analyzed the epitopes of these proteins and selected 16 helper T lymphocyte epitopes with interferon-γ inducing activity, 15 cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes, and 10 linear B-cell epitopes, and conjugated them with adjuvant and Pan HLA DR-binding epitope (PADRE) using appropriate linkers. Moreover, we predicted the tertiary structure of this vaccine, its potential interaction with Toll-Like Receptor-4 (TLR4), and the immune response it might elicit. The results showed that this vaccine had a strong affinity for TLR4, which could significantly stimulate CD4+ and CD8+ cells to secrete immune factors and B lymphocytes to secrete immunoglobulins, so as to obtain good humoral and cellular immunity. Overall, this multi-epitope protein was predicted to be stable, safe, highly antigenic, and highly immunogenic, which has the potential to serve as a global vaccine against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binda T. Andongma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology & Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Yazheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology & Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology & Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Qing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology & Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Shan-Ho Chou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology & Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Xinfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology & Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China,CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China,Correspondence to: The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
| | - Jin He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology & Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China,Correspondence to: The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
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5
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Lorenzen E, Contreras V, Olsen AW, Andersen P, Desjardins D, Rosenkrands I, Juel HB, Delache B, Langlois S, Delaugerre C, Joubert C, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Bébéar C, De Barbeyrac B, Touati A, McKay PF, Shattock RJ, Le Grand R, Follmann F, Dietrich J. Multi-component prime-boost Chlamydia trachomatis vaccination regimes induce antibody and T cell responses and accelerate clearance of infection in a non-human primate model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1057375. [PMID: 36505459 PMCID: PMC9726737 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1057375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is of international priority to develop a vaccine against sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis infections to combat the continued global spread of the infection. The optimal immunization strategy still remains to be fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate immunization strategies in a nonhuman primate (NHP) model. Cynomolgus macaques (Macaqua fascicularis) were immunized following different multi-component prime-boost immunization-schedules and subsequently challenged with C. trachomatis SvD in the lower genital tract. The immunization antigens included the recombinant protein antigen CTH522 adjuvanted with CAF01 or aluminium hydroxide, MOMP DNA antigen and MOMP vector antigens (HuAd5 MOMP and MVA MOMP). All antigen constructs were highly immunogenic raising significant systemic C. trachomatis-specific IgG responses. In particularly the CTH522 protein vaccinated groups raised a fast and strong pecificsIgG in serum. The mapping of specific B cell epitopes within the MOMP showed that all vaccinated groups, recognized epitopes near or within the variable domains (VD) of MOMP, with a consistent VD4 response in all animals. Furthermore, serum from all vaccinated groups were able to in vitro neutralize both SvD, SvE and SvF. Antibody responses were reflected on the vaginal and ocular mucosa, which showed detectable levels of IgG. Vaccines also induced C. trachomatis-specific cell mediated responses, as shown by in vitro stimulation and intracellular cytokine staining of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In general, the protein (CTH522) vaccinated groups established a multifunctional CD4 T cell response, whereas the DNA and Vector vaccinated groups also established a CD8 T cells response. Following vaginal challenge with C. trachomatis SvD, several of the vaccinated groups showed accelerated clearance of the infection, but especially the DNA group, boosted with CAF01 adjuvanted CTH522 to achieve a balanced CD4/CD8 T cell response combined with an IgG response, showed accelerated clearance of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Lorenzen
- Chlamydia Vaccine Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vanessa Contreras
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Anja W. Olsen
- Chlamydia Vaccine Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Andersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation, Infectious Disease, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Delphine Desjardins
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Ida Rosenkrands
- Chlamydia Vaccine Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helene Bæk Juel
- Novo Nordisk Foundation, Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benoit Delache
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sebastien Langlois
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Constance Delaugerre
- Laboratory of Virology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Joubert
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Cécile Bébéar
- Bordeaux University Hopsital, Bacteriology Department, National Reference Centre for bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bertille De Barbeyrac
- Bordeaux University Hopsital, Bacteriology Department, National Reference Centre for bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections, Bordeaux, France
| | - Arabella Touati
- Bordeaux University Hopsital, Bacteriology Department, National Reference Centre for bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections, Bordeaux, France
| | - Paul F. McKay
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin J. Shattock
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Frank Follmann
- Chlamydia Vaccine Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jes Dietrich
- Chlamydia Vaccine Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark,*Correspondence: Jes Dietrich,
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Listeria-Vectored Multiantigenic Tuberculosis Vaccine Enhances Protective Immunity against Aerosol Challenge with Virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis in BCG-Immunized C57BL/6 and BALB/c Mice. mBio 2022; 13:e0068722. [PMID: 35642945 PMCID: PMC9239278 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00687-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects approximately one-third of the world's population, causing active tuberculosis (TB) in ~10 million people and death in ~1.5 million people annually. A potent vaccine is needed to boost the level of immunity conferred by the current Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine that provides moderate protection against childhood TB but variable protection against adult pulmonary TB. Previously, we developed a recombinant attenuated Listeria monocytogenes (rLm)-vectored M. tuberculosis vaccine expressing the M. tuberculosis 30-kDa major secretory protein (r30/Ag85B), recombinant attenuated L. monocytogenes ΔactA ΔinlB prfA*30 (rLm30), and showed that boosting BCG-primed mice and guinea pigs with rLm30 enhances immunoprotection against challenge with aerosolized M. tuberculosis Erdman strain. To broaden the antigen repertoire and robustness of rLm30, we constructed 16 recombinant attenuated L. monocytogenes vaccine candidates expressing 3, 4, or 5 among 15 selected M. tuberculosis antigens, verified their protein expression, genetic stability, and growth kinetics in macrophages, and evaluated them for capacity to boost protective efficacy in BCG-primed mice. We found that boosting BCG-primed C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice with recombinant attenuated L. monocytogenes multiantigenic M. tuberculosis vaccines, especially the rLm5Ag(30) vaccine expressing a fusion protein of 23.5/Mpt64, TB10.4/EsxH, ESAT6/EsxA, CFP10/EsxB, and r30, enhances BCG-induced protective immunity against M. tuberculosis aerosol challenge. In immunogenicity studies, rLm5Ag(30) strongly boosts M. tuberculosis antigen-specific CD4-positive (CD4+) and CD8+ T cell-mediated TH1-type immune responses in the spleens and lungs of BCG-primed C57BL/6 mice but does so only weakly in BCG-primed BALB/c mice. Hence, rLm5Ag(30) boosts BCG-primed immunoprotection against M. tuberculosis aerosol challenge in both C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice despite major differences in the magnitude of the vaccine-induced Th1 response in these mouse strains. Given the consistency with which recombinant attenuated L. monocytogenes vaccines expressing the 5 M. tuberculosis antigens in rLm5Ag(30) are able to boost the already high level of protection conferred by BCG alone in two rigorous mouse models of pulmonary TB and the broad CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunity induced by rLm5Ag(30), this vaccine holds considerable promise as a new vaccine to combat the TB pandemic, especially for the majority of the world’s population immunized with BCG in infancy.
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Ritter K, Behrends J, Erdmann H, Rousseau J, Hölscher A, Volz J, Prinz I, Lindenstrøm T, Hölscher C. Interleukin-23 instructs protective multifunctional CD4 T cell responses after immunization with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis subunit vaccine H1 DDA/TDB independently of interleukin-17A. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1585-1602. [PMID: 34351501 PMCID: PMC8541990 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17A-producing T helper (Th)17 cells are increasingly being acknowledged to be associated with protective immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Subunit vaccines potently promote protective immune responses against Mtb infection that correlate with an expansion of IL-23-dependent Th17 cells. Previous studies revealed that after vaccination, IL-23 is required for protection against challenge with Mtb but the underlying IL-23-dependent-and possibly IL-17A-mediated-mechanisms remain elusive. Therefore, we here analyzed the early outcome of Mtb infection in C57BL/6, IL-23p19-deficient (-/-), and IL-17A-/- mice after vaccination with the subunit vaccine H1-DDA/TDB to investigate the role of the IL-23-Th17 immune axis for the instruction of vaccine-induced protection. While in IL-23p19-/- mice the protective effect was reduced, protection after vaccination was maintained in IL-17A-/- animals for the course of infection of 6 weeks, indicating that after vaccination with H1-DDA/TDB early protection against Mtb is-although dependent on IL-23-not mediated by IL-17A. In contrast, IL-17A deficiency appears to have an impact on maintaining long-term protection. In fact, IL-23 instructed the vaccine-induced memory immunity in the lung, in particular the sustained expansion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)+IL-2+ multifunctional T cells, independently of IL-17A. Altogether, a targeted induction of IL-23 during vaccination against Mtb might improve the magnitude and quality of vaccine-induced memory immune responses. KEY MESSAGES: After subunit Mtb vaccination with H1-DDA/TDB, IL-23 but not IL-17A contributes to vaccine-induced early protection against infection with Mtb. IL-17F does not compensate for IL-17A deficiency in terms of H1-DDA/TDB-induced protection against Mtb infection. IL 23 promotes the H1-DDA/TDB-induced accumulation of effector memory T cells independently of IL 17A. IL-23 arbitrates the induction of H1-specific IFN-γ-TNF+IL-2+ double-positive multifunctional CD4 T cells after subunit Mtb vaccination in an IL-17A-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Ritter
- Infection Immunology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Jochen Behrends
- Fluorescence Cytometry Core Unit, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Hanna Erdmann
- Infection Immunology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Jasmin Rousseau
- Infection Immunology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | | | - Johanna Volz
- Infection Immunology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, Eppendorf University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lindenstrøm
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Moraschi BF, Noronha IH, Ferreira CP, Cariste LM, Monteiro CB, Denapoli P, Vrechi T, Pereira GJS, Gazzinelli RT, Lannes-Vieira J, Rodrigues MM, Bortoluci KR, Vasconcelos JRC. Rapamycin Improves the Response of Effector and Memory CD8 + T Cells Induced by Immunization With ASP2 of Trypanosoma cruzi. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:676183. [PMID: 34123875 PMCID: PMC8191465 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.676183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency in memory formation and increased immunosenescence are pivotal features of Trypanosoma cruzi infection proposed to play a role in parasite persistence and disease development. The vaccination protocol that consists in a prime with plasmid DNA followed by the boost with a deficient recombinant human adenovirus type 5, both carrying the ASP2 gene of T. cruzi, is a powerful strategy to elicit effector memory CD8+ T-cells against this parasite. In virus infections, the inhibition of mTOR, a kinase involved in several biological processes, improves the response of memory CD8+ T-cells. Therefore, our aim was to assess the role of rapamycin, the pharmacological inhibitor of mTOR, in CD8+ T response against T. cruzi induced by heterologous prime-boost vaccine. For this purpose, C57BL/6 or A/Sn mice were immunized and daily treated with rapamycin for 34 days. CD8+ T-cells response was evaluated by immunophenotyping, intracellular staining, ELISpot assay and in vivo cytotoxicity. In comparison with vehicle-injection, rapamycin administration during immunization enhanced the frequency of ASP2-specific CD8+ T-cells and the percentage of the polyfunctional population, which degranulated (CD107a+) and secreted both interferon gamma (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The beneficial effects were long-lasting and could be detected 95 days after priming. Moreover, the effects were detected in mice immunized with ten-fold lower doses of plasmid/adenovirus. Additionally, the highly susceptible to T. cruzi infection A/Sn mice, when immunized with low vaccine doses, treated with rapamycin, and challenged with trypomastigote forms of the Y strain showed a survival rate of 100%, compared with 42% in vehicle-injected group. Trying to shed light on the biological mechanisms involved in these beneficial effects on CD8+ T-cells by mTOR inhibition after immunization, we showed that in vivo proliferation was higher after rapamycin treatment compared with vehicle-injected group. Taken together, our data provide a new approach to vaccine development against intracellular parasites, placing the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin as an adjuvant to improve effective CD8+ T-cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ferri Moraschi
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isaú Henrique Noronha
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Pontes Ferreira
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M. Cariste
- Recombinant Vaccines Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Caroline B. Monteiro
- Recombinant Vaccines Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Priscila Denapoli
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita Vrechi
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo J. S. Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo T. Gazzinelli
- René Rachou Research Center, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Joseli Lannes-Vieira
- Laboratoy of Biology of the Interactions, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maurício M. Rodrigues
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina R. Bortoluci
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Ronnie C. Vasconcelos
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Recombinant Vaccines Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
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9
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Kaveh DA, Garcia-Pelayo MC, Bull NC, Sanchez-Cordon PJ, Spiropoulos J, Hogarth PJ. Airway delivery of both a BCG prime and adenoviral boost drives CD4 and CD8 T cells into the lung tissue parenchyma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18703. [PMID: 33127956 PMCID: PMC7603338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterologous BCG prime-boost regimens represent a promising strategy for an urgently required improved tuberculosis vaccine. Identifying the mechanisms which underpin the enhanced protection induced by such strategies is one key aim which would significantly accelerate rational vaccine development. Experimentally, airway vaccination induces greater efficacy than parenteral delivery; in both conventional vaccination and heterologous boosting of parenteral BCG immunisation. However, the effect of delivering both the component prime and boost immunisations via the airway is not well known. Here we investigate delivery of both the BCG prime and adenovirus boost vaccination via the airway in a murine model, and demonstrate this approach may be able to improve the protective outcome over parenteral prime/airway boost. Intravascular staining of T cells in the lung revealed that the airway prime regimen induced more antigen-specific multifunctional CD4 and CD8 T cells to the lung parenchyma prior to challenge and indicated the route of both prime and boost to be critical to the location of induced resident T cells in the lung. Further, in the absence of a defined phenotype of vaccine-induced protection to tuberculosis; the magnitude and phenotype of vaccine-specific T cells in the parenchyma of the lung may provide insights into potential correlates of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryan A Kaveh
- Vaccine Immunology Team, Department of Bacteriology, Animal & Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, Surrey, UK.
| | - M Carmen Garcia-Pelayo
- Vaccine Immunology Team, Department of Bacteriology, Animal & Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - Naomi C Bull
- Vaccine Immunology Team, Department of Bacteriology, Animal & Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, Surrey, UK.,Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, UK
| | | | | | - Philip J Hogarth
- Vaccine Immunology Team, Department of Bacteriology, Animal & Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, Surrey, UK
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10
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Rozot V, Nemes E, Geldenhuys H, Musvosvi M, Toefy A, Rantangee F, Makhethe L, Erasmus M, Bilek N, Mabwe S, Finak G, Fulp W, Ginsberg AM, Hokey DA, Shey M, Gurunathan S, DiazGranados C, Bekker LG, Hatherill M, Scriba TJ. Multidimensional analyses reveal modulation of adaptive and innate immune subsets by tuberculosis vaccines. Commun Biol 2020; 3:563. [PMID: 33037320 PMCID: PMC7547090 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01288-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterize the breadth, function and phenotype of innate and adaptive cellular responses in a prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection trial. Responses are measured by whole blood intracellular cytokine staining at baseline and 70 days after vaccination with H4:IC31 (subunit vaccine containing Ag85B and TB10.4), Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG, a live attenuated vaccine) or placebo (n = ~30 per group). H4:IC31 vaccination induces Ag85B and TB10.4-specific CD4 T cells, and an unexpected NKTlike subset, that expresses IFN-γ, TNF and/or IL-2. BCG revaccination increases frequencies of CD4 T cell subsets that either express Th1 cytokines or IL-22, and modestly increases IFNγ-producing NK cells. In vitro BCG re-stimulation also triggers responses by donor-unrestricted T cells, which may contribute to host responses against mycobacteria. BCG, which demonstrated efficacy against sustained Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, modulates multiple immune cell subsets, in particular conventional Th1 and Th22 cells, which should be investigated in discovery studies of correlates of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Rozot
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Elisa Nemes
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hennie Geldenhuys
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Munyaradzi Musvosvi
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Asma Toefy
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frances Rantangee
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lebohang Makhethe
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mzwandile Erasmus
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicole Bilek
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Simbarashe Mabwe
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Greg Finak
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William Fulp
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Muki Shey
- Aeras South Africa Endpoint Assay Laboratory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Linda-Gail Bekker
- The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark Hatherill
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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11
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Rakshit S, Ahmed A, Adiga V, Sundararaj BK, Sahoo PN, Kenneth J, D’Souza G, Bonam W, Johnson C, Franken KL, Ottenhoff TH, Finak G, Gottardo R, Stuart KD, De Rosa SC, McElrath MJ, Vyakarnam A. BCG revaccination boosts adaptive polyfunctional Th1/Th17 and innate effectors in IGRA+ and IGRA- Indian adults. JCI Insight 2019; 4:130540. [PMID: 31743110 PMCID: PMC6975271 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDBacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is protective against Tuberculosis (TB) in children, but its efficacy wanes with age. Consequently, determining if BCG revaccination augments anti-TB immunity in young adults in TB endemic regions is vital.METHODSTwo hundred healthy adults, BCG vaccinated at birth, were tested for their IFN-γ release assay (IGRA) status. Of these, 28 IGRA+ and 30 IGRA- were BCG revaccinated, and 24 IGRA+ and 23 IGRA- subjects served as unvaccinated controls. T and innate cell responses to mycobacterial antigens were analyzed by 14-color flow cytometry over 34 weeks.RESULTSIFN-γ and/or IL-2 Ag85A- and BCG-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were boosted by revacciantion at 4 and 34 weeks, respectively, and were > 2-fold higher in IGRA+ compared with IGRA- vaccinees. Polyfunctional Ag85A, BCG, and mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) latency Ag-specific (LTAg-specific) CD4+ T cells expressing up to 8 cytokines were also significantly enhanced in both IGRA+ and IGRA- vaccinees relative to unvaccinated controls, most markedly in IGRA+ vaccinees. A focused analysis of Th17 responses revealed expansion of Ag85A-, BCG-, and LTAg-specific total IL-17A+,IL-17F+,IL-22+, and IL-10+ CD4+ T cell effectors in both IGRA+ and IGRA- subjects. Also, innate IFN-γ+ NK/γδ/NKT cell responses were higher in both IGRA+ and IGRA- vaccinees compared with controls. This is the first evidence to our knowledge that BCG revaccination significantly boosts antimycobacterial Th1/Th17 responses in IGRA+ and IGRA- subjects.CONCLUSIONThese data show that BCG revaccination is immunogenic in IGRA- and IGRA+ subjects, implying that Mtb preinfection in IGRA+ subjects does not impact immunogenicity. This has implications for public health and vaccine development strategies.FUNDINGThis work was funded principally by DBT-NIH (BT/MB/Indo-US/HIPC/2013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Srabanti Rakshit
- Laboratory of Immunology of HIV-TB Co-infection, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Asma Ahmed
- Laboratory of Immunology of HIV-TB Co-infection, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Vasista Adiga
- Laboratory of Immunology of HIV-TB Co-infection, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Bharath K. Sundararaj
- Laboratory of Immunology of HIV-TB Co-infection, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Pravat Nalini Sahoo
- Laboratory of Immunology of HIV-TB Co-infection, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - John Kenneth
- Department of Infectious Diseases and
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - George D’Souza
- Department of Infectious Diseases and
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Kees L.M.C. Franken
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom H.M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Greg Finak
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Stephen C. De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Annapurna Vyakarnam
- Laboratory of Immunology of HIV-TB Co-infection, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Schmidt ST, Pedersen GK, Christensen D. Rational Design and In Vivo Characterization of Vaccine Adjuvants. ILAR J 2019; 59:309-322. [PMID: 30624655 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ily018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many different adjuvants are currently being developed for subunit vaccines against a number of pathogens and diseases. Rational design is increasingly used to develop novel vaccine adjuvants, which requires extensive knowledge of, for example, the desired immune responses, target antigen-presenting cell subsets, their localization, and expression of relevant pattern-recognition receptors. The adjuvant mechanism of action and efficacy are usually evaluated in animal models, where mice are by far the most used. In this review, we present methods for assessing adjuvant efficacy and function in animal models: (1) whole-body biodistribution evaluated by using fluorescently and radioactively labeled vaccine components; (2) association and activation of immune cell subsets at the injection site, in the draining lymph node, and the spleen; (4) adaptive immune responses, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, various T-helper cell subsets, and antibody responses, which may be quantitatively evaluated using ELISA, ELISPOT, and immunoplex assays and qualitatively evaluated using flow cytometric and single cell sequencing assays; and (5) effector responses, for example, antigen-specific cytotoxic potential of CD8+ T cells and antibody neutralization assays. While the vaccine-induced immune responses in mice often correlate with the responses induced in humans, there are instances where immune responses detected in mice are not translated to the human situation. We discuss some examples of correlation and discrepancy between mouse and human immune responses and how to understand them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Tandrup Schmidt
- Statens Serum Institut, Center for Vaccine Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Gabriel Kristian Pedersen
- Statens Serum Institut, Center for Vaccine Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Statens Serum Institut, Center for Vaccine Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Copenhagen S, Denmark
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13
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IL-10 Dampens the Th1 and Tc Activation through Modulating DC Functions in BCG Vaccination. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:8616154. [PMID: 31281230 PMCID: PMC6594250 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8616154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BCG, the only registered vaccine against Mycobacterial Tuberculosis (TB) infection, has been questioned for its protective efficacy for decades. Although lots of efforts were made to improve the BCG antigenicity, few studies were devoted to understand the role of host factors in the variability of the BCG protection. Using the IL-10KO mice and pulmonary tuberculosis infection model, we have addressed the role of IL-10 in the BCG vaccination efficacy. The data showed that IL-10-deficient dendritic cells (DCs) could promote the immune responses through upregulation of the surface costimulatory molecule expression and play an orchestra role through activating CD4+T cell. IL-10-deficient mice had higher IFN γ, TNF α, and IL-6 production after BCG vaccination, which was consistent with the higher proportion of IFN γ+CD3+, IFN γ+CD4+, and IFN γ+CD8+ T cells in the spleen. Particularly, the BCG-vaccinated IL-10KO mice showed less inflammation after TB challenge compared to WT mice, which was supported by the promoted Th1 and Tc, as well as the downregulated Treg responses in IL-10 deficiency. In a conclusion, we demonstrated the negative relationship between Th1/Tc responses with IL-10 production. IL-10 deficiency restored the type 1 immune response through DC activation, which provided better protection against TB infection. Hence, our study offers the first experimental evidence that, contrary to the modulation of BCG, host immunity plays a critical role in the BCG protective efficacy against TB.
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14
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Méndez‐Samperio P. Novel vaccination strategies and approaches against human tuberculosis. Scand J Immunol 2019; 90:e12774. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Sarmiento ME, Alvarez N, Chin KL, Bigi F, Tirado Y, García MA, Anis FZ, Norazmi MN, Acosta A. Tuberculosis vaccine candidates based on mycobacterial cell envelope components. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2019; 115:26-41. [PMID: 30948174 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Even after decades searching for a new and more effective vaccine against tuberculosis, the scientific community is still pursuing this goal due to the complexity of its causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Mtb is a microorganism with a robust variety of survival mechanisms that allow it to remain in the host for years. The structure and nature of the Mtb envelope play a leading role in its resistance and survival. Mtb has a perfect machinery that allows it to modulate the immune response in its favor and to adapt to the host's environmental conditions in order to remain alive until the moment to reactivate its normal growing state. Mtb cell envelope protein, carbohydrate and lipid components have been the subject of interest for developing new vaccines because most of them are responsible for the pathogenicity and virulence of the bacteria. Many indirect evidences, mainly derived from the use of monoclonal antibodies, support the potential protective role of Mtb envelope components. Subunit and DNA vaccines, lipid extracts, liposomes and membrane vesicle formulations are some examples of technologies used, with encouraging results, to evaluate the potential of these antigens in the protective response against Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Sarmiento
- School of Health Sciences (PPSK), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - N Alvarez
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - K L Chin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FPSK), Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Sabah, Malaysia
| | - F Bigi
- Institute of Biotechnology, INTA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Y Tirado
- Finlay Institute of Vaccines, La Habana, Cuba
| | - M A García
- Finlay Institute of Vaccines, La Habana, Cuba
| | - F Z Anis
- School of Health Sciences (PPSK), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - M N Norazmi
- School of Health Sciences (PPSK), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - A Acosta
- School of Health Sciences (PPSK), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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16
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Chesson CB, Huante M, Nusbaum RJ, Walker AG, Clover TM, Chinnaswamy J, Endsley JJ, Rudra JS. Nanoscale Peptide Self-assemblies Boost BCG-primed Cellular Immunity Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12519. [PMID: 30131591 PMCID: PMC6104033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the only vaccine against TB and has limited protection efficacy, which wanes past adolescence. Multifunctional CD8+ T cells (IFN-γ+/TNF-α+/IL-2+) are associated with lower reactivation risk and enhanced control of active Mtb infection. Since boosting with BCG is contraindicated, booster vaccines that augment T cell immunity in the lungs of BCG-vaccinated individuals are urgently needed. We developed a vaccination strategy based on self-assembling peptide nanofibers presenting Mtb-specific CD8+ or CD4+ T cell epitopes that induce high frequency and antigen-specific effector memory T cells producing IFN-γ and IL-2. Intranasal immunization with peptide nanofibers was well tolerated in mice leading to increased antigen-specific CD8+ T cell population in the lungs. Co-assembled nanofibers of CD8+ T cell epitopes and toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonists induced a 8-fold expansion in multifunctional CD8+ T cell populations in the lungs of vaccinated mice. Aerosol challenge with Mtb in BCG-primed and nanofiber-boosted mice provided an additional 0.5-log CFU reduction in lung bacterial load and indicating enhanced protection compared to BCG alone. Together, these data suggest that heterologous prime-boost with BCG and peptide nanofiber vaccines induces cell mediated immunity in the lung, reduces bacterial burden, and is a potentially safer alternative for boosting BCG-primed immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B Chesson
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08823, USA
| | - Matthew Huante
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Rebecca J Nusbaum
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Aida G Walker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555, Texas, USA
| | - Tara M Clover
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555, Texas, USA
| | - Jagannath Chinnaswamy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Janice J Endsley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
| | - Jai S Rudra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555, Texas, USA.
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
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17
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Nemes E, Geldenhuys H, Rozot V, Tucker Rutkowski K, Ratangee F, Bilek N, Mabwe S, Makhethe L, Erasmus M, Toefy A, Mulenga H, Hanekom WA, Self SG, Bekker LG, Ryall R, Gurunathan S, DiazGranados CA, Andersen P, Kromann I, Evans T, Ellis RD, Landry B, Hokey DA, Hopkins R, Ginsberg AM, Scriba TJ, Hatherill M. Prevention of M. tuberculosis Infection with H4:IC31 Vaccine or BCG Revaccination. N Engl J Med 2018; 379:138-149. [PMID: 29996082 PMCID: PMC5937161 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1714021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection confers a predisposition to the development of tuberculosis disease, the leading killer among global infectious diseases. H4:IC31, a candidate subunit vaccine, has shown protection against tuberculosis disease in preclinical models, and observational studies have indicated that primary bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination may offer partial protection against infection. METHODS In this phase 2 trial, we randomly assigned 990 adolescents in a high-risk setting who had undergone neonatal BCG vaccination to receive the H4:IC31 vaccine, BCG revaccination, or placebo. All the participants had negative results on testing for M. tuberculosis infection on the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-tube assay (QFT) and for the human immunodeficiency virus. The primary outcomes were safety and acquisition of M. tuberculosis infection, as defined by initial conversion on QFT that was performed every 6 months during a 2-year period. Secondary outcomes were immunogenicity and sustained QFT conversion to a positive test without reversion to negative status at 3 months and 6 months after conversion. Estimates of vaccine efficacy are based on hazard ratios from Cox regression models and compare each vaccine with placebo. RESULTS Both the BCG and H4:IC31 vaccines were immunogenic. QFT conversion occurred in 44 of 308 participants (14.3%) in the H4:IC31 group and in 41 of 312 participants (13.1%) in the BCG group, as compared with 49 of 310 participants (15.8%) in the placebo group; the rate of sustained conversion was 8.1% in the H4:IC31 group and 6.7% in the BCG group, as compared with 11.6% in the placebo group. Neither the H4:IC31 vaccine nor the BCG vaccine prevented initial QFT conversion, with efficacy point estimates of 9.4% (P=0.63) and 20.1% (P=0.29), respectively. However, the BCG vaccine reduced the rate of sustained QFT conversion, with an efficacy of 45.4% (P=0.03); the efficacy of the H4:IC31 vaccine was 30.5% (P=0.16). There were no clinically significant between-group differences in the rates of serious adverse events, although mild-to-moderate injection-site reactions were more common with BCG revaccination. CONCLUSIONS In this trial, the rate of sustained QFT conversion, which may reflect sustained M. tuberculosis infection, was reduced by vaccination in a high-transmission setting. This finding may inform clinical development of new vaccine candidates. (Funded by Aeras and others; C-040-404 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02075203 .).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Frances Ratangee
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious
Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of
Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicole Bilek
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious
Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of
Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Simbarashe Mabwe
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious
Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of
Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lebohang Makhethe
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious
Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of
Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mzwandile Erasmus
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious
Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of
Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Asma Toefy
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious
Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of
Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Humphrey Mulenga
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious
Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of
Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Willem A. Hanekom
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious
Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of
Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Steven G. Self
- Statistical Center for HIV Research, Vaccine and Infectious Disease
Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington,
USA
| | - Linda-Gail Bekker
- The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South
Africa
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas J. Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious
Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of
Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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18
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Bai C, He J, Niu H, Hu L, Luo Y, Liu X, Peng L, Zhu B. Prolonged intervals during Mycobacterium tuberculosis subunit vaccine boosting contributes to eliciting immunity mediated by central memory-like T cells. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 110:104-111. [PMID: 29779765 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
It is believed that central memory T cells (TCM) provide long-term protection against tuberculosis (TB). However, the effects of TB subunit vaccine immunization schedule, especially the vaccination intervals, on T cell immune memory is still unclear. In this study, mice were immunized with fusion protein ESAT6-Ag85B-MPT64 (190-198)-Mtb8.4-Rv2626c (LT70) based subunit vaccine three times according to the following schedules: ① 0, 3rd and 6th week respectively (0-3-6w), ② 0, 4th and 12th week (0-4-12w), and ③ 0, 4th and 24th week (0-4-24w). We found that both schedules of 0-4-12w and 0-4-24w induced higher level of antigen specific IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α than 0-3-6w immunization. Among them, 0-4-12w induced the highest level of IL-2, which is a key cytokine mainly produced by TCM. Moreover, by cultured IFN-γ ELISPOT and cell proliferation assay etc., we found that the vaccination schedule of 0-4-12w elicited higher numbers of TCM like cells, stronger TCM - mediated immune responses and higher protective efficacy against M. bovis BCG challenge than 0-3-6w did. It suggests that prolonging the vaccination interval of TB subunit vaccine to some extent contributes to inducing more abundant TCM like cells and providing stronger immune protection against mycobacteria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Bai
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation &Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Juanjuan He
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation &Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Hongxia Niu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation &Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Lina Hu
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Yanping Luo
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation &Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Xun Liu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation &Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Liang Peng
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Bingdong Zhu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation &Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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19
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Yang JD, Mott D, Sutiwisesak R, Lu YJ, Raso F, Stowell B, Babunovic GH, Lee J, Carpenter SM, Way SS, Fortune SM, Behar SM. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells differ in their capacity to recognize infected macrophages. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007060. [PMID: 29782535 PMCID: PMC6013218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Containment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection requires T cell recognition of infected macrophages. Mtb has evolved to tolerate, evade, and subvert host immunity. Despite a vigorous and sustained CD8+ T cell response during Mtb infection, CD8+ T cells make limited contribution to protection. Here, we ask whether the ability of Mtb-specific T cells to restrict Mtb growth is related to their capacity to recognize Mtb-infected macrophages. We derived CD8+ T cell lines that recognized the Mtb immunodominant epitope TB10.44-11 and compared them to CD4+ T cell lines that recognized Ag85b240-254 or ESAT63-17. While the CD4+ T cells recognized Mtb-infected macrophages and inhibited Mtb growth in vitro, the TB10.4-specific CD8+ T cells neither recognized Mtb-infected macrophages nor restricted Mtb growth. TB10.4-specific CD8+ T cells recognized macrophages infected with Listeria monocytogenes expressing TB10.4. However, over-expression of TB10.4 in Mtb did not confer recognition by TB10.4-specific CD8+ T cells. CD8+ T cells recognized macrophages pulsed with irradiated Mtb, indicating that macrophages can efficiently cross-present the TB10.4 protein and raising the possibility that viable bacilli might suppress cross-presentation. Importantly, polyclonal CD8+ T cells specific for Mtb antigens other than TB10.4 recognized Mtb-infected macrophages in a MHC-restricted manner. As TB10.4 elicits a dominant CD8+ T cell response that poorly recognizes Mtb-infected macrophages, we propose that TB10.4 acts as a decoy antigen. Moreover, it appears that this response overshadows subdominant CD8+ T cell response that can recognize Mtb-infected macrophages. The ability of Mtb to subvert the CD8+ T cell response may explain why CD8+ T cells make a disproportionately small contribution to host defense compared to CD4+ T cells. The selection of Mtb antigens for vaccines has focused on antigens that generate immunodominant responses. We propose that establishing whether vaccine-elicited, Mtb-specific T cells recognize Mtb-infected macrophages could be a useful criterion for preclinical vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D. Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel Mott
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rujapak Sutiwisesak
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yu-Jung Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fiona Raso
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Britni Stowell
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Greg Hunter Babunovic
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jinhee Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Steve M. Carpenter
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sing Sing Way
- Division of Infectious Disease, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sarah M. Fortune
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Samuel M. Behar
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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20
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Khademi F, Taheri RA, Momtazi-Borojeni AA, Farnoosh G, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Potential of Cationic Liposomes as Adjuvants/Delivery Systems for Tuberculosis Subunit Vaccines. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 175:47-69. [PMID: 29700609 DOI: 10.1007/112_2018_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The weakness of the BCG vaccine and its highly variable protective efficacy in controlling tuberculosis (TB) in different age groups as well as in different geographic areas has led to intense efforts towards the development and design of novel vaccines. Currently, there are several strategies to develop novel TB vaccines. Each strategy has its advantages and disadvantages. However, the most important of these strategies is the development of subunit vaccines. In recent years, the use of cationic liposome-based vaccines has been considered due to their capacity to elicit strong humoral and cellular immune responses against TB infections. In this review, we aim to evaluate the potential for cationic liposomes to be used as adjuvants/delivery systems for eliciting immune responses against TB subunit vaccines. The present review shows that cationic liposomes have extensive applications either as adjuvants or delivery systems, to promote immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) subunit vaccines. To overcome several limitations of these particles, they were used in combination with other immunostimulatory factors such as TDB, MPL, TDM, and Poly I:C. Cationic liposomes can provide long-term storage of subunit TB vaccines at the injection site, confer strong electrostatic interactions with APCs, potentiate both humoral and cellular (CD4 and CD8) immune responses, and induce a strong memory response by the immune system. Therefore, cationic liposomes can increase the potential of different TB subunit vaccines by serving as adjuvants/delivery systems. These properties suggest the use of cationic liposomes to produce an efficient vaccine against TB infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Khademi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ramezan Ali Taheri
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Abbas Momtazi-Borojeni
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Farnoosh
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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21
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Lewinsohn DA, Lewinsohn DM, Scriba TJ. Polyfunctional CD4 + T Cells As Targets for Tuberculosis Vaccination. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1262. [PMID: 29051764 PMCID: PMC5633696 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite the widespread use of the only licensed vaccine, Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG). Eradication of TB will require a more effective vaccine, yet evaluation of new vaccine candidates is hampered by lack of defined correlates of protection. Animal and human studies of intracellular pathogens have extensively evaluated polyfunctional CD4+ T cells producing multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2) as a possible correlate of protection from infection and disease. In this study, we review the published literature that evaluates whether or not BCG and/or novel TB vaccine candidates induce polyfunctional CD4+ T cells and if these T cell responses correlate with vaccine-mediated protection. Ample evidence suggests that BCG and several novel vaccine candidates evaluated in animal models and humans induce polyfunctional CD4+ T cells. However, while a number of studies utilizing the mouse TB model support that polyfunctional CD4+ T cells are associated with vaccine-induced protection, other studies in mouse and human infants demonstrate no correlation between these T cell responses and protection. We conclude that induction of polyfunctional CD4+ T cells is certainly not sufficient and may not even be necessary to mediate protection and suggest that other functional attributes, such as additional effector functions, T cell differentiation state, tissue homing potential, or long-term survival capacity of the T cell may be equally or more important to promote protection. Thus, a correlate of protection for TB vaccine development remains elusive. Future studies should address polyfunctional CD4+ T cells within the context of more comprehensive immunological signatures of protection that include other functions and phenotypes of T cells as well as the full spectrum of immune cells and mediators that participate in the immune response against Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Lewinsohn
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - David M Lewinsohn
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM) and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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22
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Bavaro T, Tengattini S, Piubelli L, Mangione F, Bernardini R, Monzillo V, Calarota S, Marone P, Amicosante M, Pollegioni L, Temporini C, Terreni M. Glycosylation of Recombinant Antigenic Proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis: In Silico Prediction of Protein Epitopes and Ex Vivo Biological Evaluation of New Semi-Synthetic Glycoconjugates. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071081. [PMID: 28661444 PMCID: PMC6152100 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is still one of the most deadly infectious diseases worldwide, and the use of conjugated antigens, obtained by combining antigenic oligosaccharides, such as the lipoarabinomannane (LAM), with antigenic proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), has been proposed as a new strategy for developing efficient vaccines. In this work, we investigated the effect of the chemical glycosylation on two recombinant MTB proteins produced in E. coli with an additional seven-amino acid tag (recombinant Ag85B and TB10.4). Different semi-synthetic glycoconjugated derivatives were prepared, starting from mannose and two disaccharide analogs. The glycans were activated at the anomeric position with a thiocyanomethyl group, as required for protein glycosylation by selective reaction with lysines. The glycosylation sites and the ex vivo evaluation of the immunogenic activity of the different neo-glycoproteins were investigated. Glycosylation does not modify the immunological activity of the TB10.4 protein. Similarly, Ag85B maintains its B-cell activity after glycosylation while showing a significant reduction in the T-cell response. The results were correlated with the putative B- and T-cell epitopes, predicted using a combination of in silico systems. In the recombinant TB10.4, the unique lysine is not included in any T-cell epitope. Lys30 of Ag85B, identified as the main glycosylation site, proved to be the most important site involved in the formation of T-cell epitopes, reasonably explaining why its glycosylation strongly influenced the T-cell activity. Furthermore, additional lysines included in different epitopes (Lys103, -123 and -282) are also glycosylated. In contrast, B-cell epitopic lysines of Ag85B were found to be poorly glycosylated and, thus, the antibody interaction of Ag85B was only marginally affected after coupling with mono- or disaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Bavaro
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Sara Tengattini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Luciano Piubelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, I-21100 Varese, Italy.
- The Protein Factory, Interuniversity Centre Politecnico of Milano and University of Insubria, via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy.
| | - Francesca Mangione
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, viale Camillo Golgi 19, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Roberta Bernardini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention and Animal Technology Station, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via Montpellier 1, I-00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Vincenzina Monzillo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, viale Camillo Golgi 19, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.
- Infection Disease Unit, Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy Department, University of Pavia, via Aselli 43/45, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Sandra Calarota
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, viale Camillo Golgi 19, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Piero Marone
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, viale Camillo Golgi 19, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Massimo Amicosante
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention and Animal Technology Station, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via Montpellier 1, I-00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Loredano Pollegioni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, I-21100 Varese, Italy.
- The Protein Factory, Interuniversity Centre Politecnico of Milano and University of Insubria, via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy.
| | - Caterina Temporini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Marco Terreni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.
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23
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Rhodes SJ, Zelmer A, Knight GM, Prabowo SA, Stockdale L, Evans TG, Lindenstrøm T, White RG, Fletcher H. The TB vaccine H56+IC31 dose-response curve is peaked not saturating: Data generation for new mathematical modelling methods to inform vaccine dose decisions. Vaccine 2016; 34:6285-6291. [PMID: 27816373 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In vaccine development, dose-response curves are commonly assumed to be saturating. Evidence from tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, H56+IC31 shows this may be incorrect. Mathematical modelling techniques may be useful in efficiently identifying the most immunogenic dose, but model calibration requires longitudinal data across multiple doses and time points. AIMS We aimed to (i) generate longitudinal response data in mice for a wide range of H56+IC31 doses for use in future mathematical modelling and (ii) test whether a 'saturating' or 'peaked' dose-response curve, better fit the empirical data. METHODS We measured IFN-γ secretion using an ELISPOT assay in the splenocytes of mice who had received doses of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 or 15μg H56+IC31. Mice were vaccinated twice (at day 0 and 15) and responses measured for each dose at 8 time points over a 56-day period following first vaccination. Summary measures Area Under the Curve (AUC), peak and day 56 responses were compared between dose groups. Corrected Akaike Information Criteria was used to test which dose-response curve best fitted empirical data, at different time ranges. RESULTS (i) All summary measures for dose groups 0.1 and 0.5μg were higher than the control group (p<0.05). The AUC was higher for 0.1 than 15μg dose. (ii) There was strong evidence that the dose-response curve was peaked for all time ranges, and the best dose is likely to be lower than previous empirical experiments have evaluated. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the highest, safe dose may not always optimal in terms of immunogenicity, as the dose-response curve may not saturate. Detailed longitudinal dose range data for TB vaccine H56+IC31 reveals response dynamics in mice that should now be used to identify optimal doses for humans using clinical data, using new data collection and mathematical modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie J Rhodes
- TB Modelling Group, CMMID, TB Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
| | - Andrea Zelmer
- Immunology and Infection Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Gwenan M Knight
- TB Modelling Group, CMMID, TB Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Satria Arief Prabowo
- Immunology and Infection Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Lisa Stockdale
- Immunology and Infection Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | | | | | - Richard G White
- TB Modelling Group, CMMID, TB Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Helen Fletcher
- Immunology and Infection Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
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24
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Optimizing Immunization Strategies for the Induction of Antigen-Specific CD4 and CD8 T Cell Responses for Protection against Intracellular Parasites. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2016; 23:785-94. [PMID: 27466350 PMCID: PMC5014921 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00251-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunization strategies that generate either CD4 or CD8 T cell responses are relatively well described, but less is known with regard to optimizing regimens to induce both CD4 and CD8 memory T cells. Considering the importance of both CD4 and CD8 T cells in the control of intracellular pathogens such as Leishmania donovani, we wanted to identify vaccines that could raise both CD4 and CD8 T cell responses and determine how to configure immunization strategies to generate the best combined protective T cell response. We examined responses generated against the Leishmania vaccine antigen F3 following its administration in either recombinant form with the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist-containing adjuvant formulation GLA-SE (F3+GLA-SE) or as a gene product delivered in an adenoviral vector (Ad5-F3). Homologous immunization strategies using only F3+GLA-SE or Ad5-F3 preferentially generated either CD4 or CD8 T cells, respectively. In contrast, heterologous strategies generated both antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells. Administration of F3+GLA-SE before Ad5-F3 generated the greatest combined CD4 and CD8 responses. Cytotoxic CD8 T cell responses were highest when Th1 cells were generated prior to their induction by Ad5-F3. Finally, a single immunization with a combination of F3+GLA-SE mixed with Ad5-F3 was found to be sufficient to provide protection against experimental L. donovani infection. Taken together, our data delineate immunization regimens that induce antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell memory responses, and identify a single immunization strategy that could be used to rapidly provide protection against intracellular pathogens in regions where access to health care is limited or sporadic.
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25
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Kaveh DA, Garcia-Pelayo MC, Webb PR, Wooff EE, Bachy VS, Hogarth PJ. Parenteral adenoviral boost enhances BCG induced protection, but not long term survival in a murine model of bovine TB. Vaccine 2016; 34:4003-11. [PMID: 27317453 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Boosting BCG using heterologous prime-boost represents a promising strategy for improved tuberculosis (TB) vaccines, and adenovirus (Ad) delivery is established as an efficacious boosting vehicle. Although studies demonstrate that intranasal administration of Ad boost to BCG offers optimal protection, this is not currently possible in cattle. Using Ad vaccine expressing the mycobacterial antigen TB10.4 (BCG/Ad-TB10.4), we demonstrate, parenteral boost of BCG immunised mice to induce specific CD8(+) IFN-γ producing T cells via synergistic priming of new epitopes. This induces significant improvement in pulmonary protection against Mycobacterium bovis over that provided by BCG when assessed in a standard 4week challenge model. However, in a stringent, year-long survival study, BCG/Ad-TB10.4 did not improve outcome over BCG, which we suggest may be due to the lack of additional memory cells (IL-2(+)) induced by boosting. These data indicate BCG-prime/parenteral-Ad-TB10.4-boost to be a promising candidate, but also highlight the need for further understanding of the mechanisms of T cell priming and associated memory using Ad delivery systems. That we were able to generate significant improvement in pulmonary protection above BCG with parenteral, rather than mucosal administration of boost vaccine is critical; suggesting that the generation of effective mucosal immunity is possible, without the risks and challenges of mucosal administration, but that further work to specifically enhance sustained protective immunity is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryan A Kaveh
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal & Plant Health Agency (APHA), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom(1)
| | - M Carmen Garcia-Pelayo
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal & Plant Health Agency (APHA), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom(1)
| | - Paul R Webb
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal & Plant Health Agency (APHA), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom(1)
| | - Esen E Wooff
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal & Plant Health Agency (APHA), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom(1)
| | - Véronique S Bachy
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal & Plant Health Agency (APHA), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom(1)
| | - Philip J Hogarth
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal & Plant Health Agency (APHA), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom(1).
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26
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Smith SG, Smits K, Joosten SA, van Meijgaarden KE, Satti I, Fletcher HA, Caccamo N, Dieli F, Mascart F, McShane H, Dockrell HM, Ottenhoff THM. Intracellular Cytokine Staining and Flow Cytometry: Considerations for Application in Clinical Trials of Novel Tuberculosis Vaccines. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138042. [PMID: 26367374 PMCID: PMC4569436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular cytokine staining combined with flow cytometry is one of a number of assays designed to assess T-cell immune responses. It has the specific advantage of enabling the simultaneous assessment of multiple phenotypic, differentiation and functional parameters pertaining to responding T-cells, most notably, the expression of multiple effector cytokines. These attributes make the technique particularly suitable for the assessment of T-cell immune responses induced by novel tuberculosis vaccines in clinical trials. However, depending upon the particular nature of a given vaccine and trial setting, there are approaches that may be taken at different stages of the assay that are more suitable than other alternatives. In this paper, the Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (TBVI) TB Biomarker Working group reports on efforts to assess the conditions that will determine when particular assay approaches should be employed. We have found that choices relating to the use of fresh whole blood or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and frozen PBMC; use of serum-containing or serum-free medium; length of stimulation period and use of co-stimulatory antibodies can all affect the sensitivity of intracellular cytokine assays. In the case of sample material, frozen PBMC, despite some loss of sensitivity, may be more advantageous for batch analysis. We also recommend that for multi-site studies, common antibody panels, gating strategies and analysis approaches should be employed for better comparability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G. Smith
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Kaatje Smits
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simone A. Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Iman Satti
- The Jenner Institute, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helen A. Fletcher
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
- The Jenner Institute, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nadia Caccamo
- Biomedical Research Centre, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Biomedical Research Centre, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche e Forensi, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francoise Mascart
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Immunobiology Clinic, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Helen McShane
- The Jenner Institute, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel M. Dockrell
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Tang Y, Peng LP, Qin GX, Sun JT, Xu LJ, Jiang YF. CD4(+)CD25(-)Foxp3(+) T cells play a role in tuberculous hydrothorax rather than malignant hydrothorax. J Transl Med 2015; 13:268. [PMID: 26283421 PMCID: PMC4539708 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foxp3(+) T cells regulate inflammation and tumorigenesis. However, little is known about the role of different subsets of Foxp3(+) T cells in malignant or tuberculous hydrothorax. METHODS The numbers of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+), CD4(+)CD25(-)Foxp3(+) T cells and the levels of some inflammatory cytokines in patients with tuberculous hydrothorax, malignant hydrothorax, and healthy controls (HCs) were examined by flow cytometry and ELISA. The potential association between the numbers of different subsets of Foxp3 + T cells and the values of clinical measures were analyzed. RESULTS The numbers of peripheral blood CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells were greater in malignant hydrothorax patients than in HCs, but fewer than those of hydrothorax in patients. The percentages of circulating IL-10(+) or LAP(+) CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells were higher than in the hydrothorax in patients with malignant hydrothorax. The numbers of circulating CD4(+)CD25(-)Foxp3(+) T cells were significantly fewer in patients with tuberculous hydrothorax than in HCs, and both the numbers of circulating CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) and CD4(+)CD25(-)Foxp3(+) T cells were significantly fewer than in the hydrothorax in patients. Significantly higher percentages of circulating IL-10(+) or LAP(+) CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) and CD4(+)CD25(-)Foxp3(+) T cells were detected in tuberculous hydrothorax patients. The numbers of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) and CD4(+)CD25(-)Foxp3(+) T cells were associated with hydrothorax adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels in tuberculous hydrothorax patients, while CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells were associated with carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) in malignant hydrothorax patients. The concentrations of serum IL-6 and TGF-β in the patients were significantly higher than that in the HCs, but lower than that in the corresponding hydrothorax. A similar pattern of IL-10 was observed in different groups, except that there was no significant difference in the levels of serum IL-10 between the tuberculous hydrothorax patients and HCs. CONCLUSIONS CD4(+)CD25(-)Foxp3(+) T cells, which have lower inhibitory function than CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells, may play a role in tuberculous hydrothorax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, No. 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Li-Ping Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, No. 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Gui-Xiang Qin
- The Center of Tuberculous Meningitis Diagnosis and Treatment, The Infectious Disease Hospital of Changchun, No. 2699 the south line of Changchun to Jilin, Changchun, 130123, China.
| | - Jing-Ting Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, No. 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Li-Jun Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, No. 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Yan-Fang Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University, No. 3302 Jilin Road, Changchun, 130032, China.
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Villarreal DO, Walters J, Laddy DJ, Yan J, Weiner DB. Multivalent TB vaccines targeting the esx gene family generate potent and broad cell-mediated immune responses superior to BCG. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:2188-98. [PMID: 25424922 DOI: 10.4161/hv.29574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a broad-spectrum synthetic vaccine against TB would represent an important advance to the limited vaccine armamentarium against TB. It is believed that the esx family of TB antigens may represent important vaccine candidates. However, only 4 esx antigens have been studied as potential vaccine antigens. The challenge remains to develop a vaccine that simultaneously targets all 23 members of the esx family to induce enhanced broad-spectrum cell-mediated immunity. We sought to investigate if broader cellular immune responses could be induced using a multivalent DNA vaccine representing the esx family protein members delivered via electroporation. In this study, 15 designed esx antigens were created to cross target all members of the esx family. They were distributed into groups of 3 self-processing antigens each, resulting in 5 trivalent highly optimized DNA plasmids. Vaccination with all 5 constructs elicited robust antigen-specific IFN-γ responses to all encoded esx antigens and induced multifunctional CD4 Th1 and CD8 T cell responses. Importantly, we show that when all constructs are combined into a cocktail, the RSQ-15 vaccine, elicited substantial broad Ag-specific T cell responses to all esx antigens as compared with vaccination with BCG. Moreover, these vaccine-induced responses were highly cross-reactive with BCG encoded esx family members and were highly immune effective in a BCG DNA prime-boost format. Furthermore, we demonstrate the vaccine potential and immunopotent profile of several novel esx antigens never previously studied. These data highlight the likely importance of these novel immunogens for study as preventative or therapeutic synthetic TB vaccines in combination or as stand alone antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O Villarreal
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA USA
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Abstract
SUMMARY Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death worldwide despite the availability of effective chemotherapy for over 60 years. Although Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination protects against active TB disease in some populations, its efficacy is suboptimal. Development of an effective TB vaccine is a top global priority that has been hampered by an incomplete understanding of protective immunity to TB. Thus far, preventing TB disease, rather than infection, has been the primary target for vaccine development. Several areas of research highlight the importance of including preinfection vaccines in the development pipeline. First, epidemiology and mathematical modeling studies indicate that a preinfection vaccine would have a high population-level impact for control of TB disease. Second, immunology studies support the rationale for targeting prevention of infection, with evidence that host responses may be more effective during acute infection than during chronic infection. Third, natural history studies indicate that resistance to TB infection occurs in a small percentage of the population. Fourth, case-control studies of BCG indicate that it may provide protection from infection. Fifth, prevention-of-infection trials would have smaller sample sizes and a shorter duration than disease prevention trials and would enable opportunities to search for correlates of immunity as well as serve as a criterion for selecting a vaccine product for testing in a larger TB disease prevention trial. Together, these points support expanding the focus of TB vaccine development efforts to include prevention of infection as a primary goal along with vaccines or other interventions that reduce the rate of transmission and reactivation.
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Garg NK, Dwivedi P, Jain A, Tyagi S, Sahu T, Tyagi RK. Development of novel carrier(s) mediated tuberculosis vaccine: more than a tour de force. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 62:227-42. [PMID: 24909731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite worldwide availability of the vaccines against most of the infectious diseases, BCG and various programs such as Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) to prevent tuberculosis still remains one of the most deadly forms of the disease affecting millions of people globally. The evolution of multi drug resistant strains (MDR) has increased the complexity further. Although currently available marketed BCG vaccine has shown sufficient protection against childhood tuberculosis, it has failed to prevent the most common form of disease i.e., pulmonary tuberculosis in adults. However, various vaccine candidates have already entered phase I clinical trials and have shown promising outcomes. The most prominent amongst them is the heterologous prime-boost approach, which shows a great promise towards designing and development of a new efficacious tuberculosis vaccine. It has also been shown that the use of various viral and non-viral vectors as carriers for the potential vaccine candidates will further boost their effect on subsequent immunization. In this review, we briefly summarize the potential of a few novel nano-carriers for developing effective vaccination strategies against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj K Garg
- Drug Delivery Research Group, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, 160 014 Chandigarh, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H.S. Gour University, Sagar 470 003, MP, India.
| | - Priya Dwivedi
- Department of Biotechnology, TRS College, Rewa 486001, MP, India
| | - Ashay Jain
- Drug Delivery Research Group, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, 160 014 Chandigarh, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H.S. Gour University, Sagar 470 003, MP, India
| | - Shikha Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, IMS Engineering College, Ghaziabad, UP Technical University, UP, India
| | - Tejram Sahu
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, TW3/3W15, 12735 Twinbrook Pkwy, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rajeev K Tyagi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Jones CH, Hakansson AP, Pfeifer BA. Biomaterials at the interface of nano- and micro-scale vector-cellular interactions in genetic vaccine design. J Mater Chem B 2014; 46:8053-8068. [PMID: 29887986 PMCID: PMC5990286 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01058b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of safe and effective vaccines for the prevention of elusive infectious diseases remains a public health priority. Immunization, characterized by adaptive immune responses to specific antigens, can be raised by an array of delivery vectors. However, current commercial vaccination strategies are predicated on the retooling of archaic technology. This review will discuss current and emerging strategies designed to elicit immune responses in the context of genetic vaccination. Selected strategies at the biomaterial-biological interface will be emphasized to illustrate the potential of coupling both fields towards a common goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Jones
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Anders P Hakansson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
- The Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Blaine A Pfeifer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
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Mortensen NP, Durham P, Hickey AJ. The role of particle physico-chemical properties in pulmonary drug delivery for tuberculosis therapy. J Microencapsul 2014; 31:785-95. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2014.932029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Darrah PA, Bolton DL, Lackner AA, Kaushal D, Aye PP, Mehra S, Blanchard JL, Didier PJ, Roy CJ, Rao SS, Hokey DA, Scanga CA, Sizemore DR, Sadoff JC, Roederer M, Seder RA. Aerosol vaccination with AERAS-402 elicits robust cellular immune responses in the lungs of rhesus macaques but fails to protect against high-dose Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:1799-811. [PMID: 25024382 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Development of a vaccine against pulmonary tuberculosis may require immunization strategies that induce a high frequency of Ag-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells in the lung. The nonhuman primate model is essential for testing such approaches because it has predictive value for how vaccines elicit responses in humans. In this study, we used an aerosol vaccination strategy to administer AERAS-402, a replication-defective recombinant adenovirus (rAd) type 35 expressing Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ags Ag85A, Ag85B, and TB10.4, in bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-primed or unprimed rhesus macaques. Immunization with BCG generated low purified protein derivative-specific CD4 T cell responses in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage. In contrast, aerosolized AERAS-402 alone or following BCG induced potent and stable Ag85A/b-specific CD4 and CD8 effector T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage that largely produced IFN-γ, as well as TNF and IL-2. Such responses induced by BCG, AERAS-402, or both failed to confer overall protection following challenge with 275 CFUs M. tuberculosis Erdman, although vaccine-induced responses associated with reduced pathology were observed in some animals. Anamnestic T cell responses to Ag85A/b were not detected in blood of immunized animals after challenge. Overall, our data suggest that a high M. tuberculosis challenge dose may be a critical factor in limiting vaccine efficacy in this model. However, the ability of aerosol rAd immunization to generate potent cellular immunity in the lung suggests that using different or more immunogens, alternative rAd serotypes with enhanced immunogenicity, and a physiological challenge dose may achieve protection against M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Darrah
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Diane L Bolton
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Andrew A Lackner
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433; and
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433; and
| | - Pyone Pyone Aye
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433; and
| | - Smriti Mehra
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433; and
| | | | - Peter J Didier
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433; and
| | - Chad J Roy
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433; and
| | - Srinivas S Rao
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | | | | | | | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
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Abstract
The tuberculosis (TB) pandemic continues to rampage despite widespread use of the BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine. Novel vaccination strategies are urgently needed to arrest global transmission and prevent the uncontrolled development of multidrug-resistant forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Over the last two decades, considerable progress has been made in the field of vaccine development with numerous innovative preclinical candidates and more than a dozen vaccines in clinical trials. These vaccines are developed either as boosters of the current BCG vaccine or as novel prime vaccines to replace BCG. Given the enormous prevalence of latent TB infection, vaccines that are protective on top of an already established infection remain a high priority and a significant scientific challenge. Here we discuss the current state of TB vaccine research and development, our understanding of the underlying immunology, and the requirements for an efficient TB vaccine.
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Korsholm KS, Hansen J, Karlsen K, Filskov J, Mikkelsen M, Lindenstrøm T, Schmidt ST, Andersen P, Christensen D. Induction of CD8+ T-cell responses against subunit antigens by the novel cationic liposomal CAF09 adjuvant. Vaccine 2014; 32:3927-35. [PMID: 24877765 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines inducing cytotoxic T-cell responses are required to achieve protection against cancers and intracellular infections such as HIV and Hepatitis C virus. Induction of CD8+ T cell responses in animal models can be achieved by the use of viral vectors or DNA vaccines but so far without much clinical success. Here we describe the novel CD8+ T-cell inducing adjuvant, cationic adjuvant formulation (CAF) 09, consisting of dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA)-liposomes stabilized with monomycoloyl glycerol (MMG)-1 and combined with the TLR3 ligand, Poly(I:C). Different antigens from tuberculosis (TB10.3, H56), HIV (Gag p24), HPV (E7) and the model antigen ovalbumin were formulated with CAF09 and administering these vaccines to mice resulted in a high frequency of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. CAF09 was superior in its ability to induce antigen-specific CD8+ T cells as compared to other previously described CTL-inducing adjuvants, CAF05 (DDA/trehalose dibehenate (TDB)/Poly(I:C)), Aluminium/monophosphoryl lipid-A (MPL) and Montanide/CpG/IL-2. The optimal effect was obtained when the CAF09-adjuvanted vaccine was administered by the i.p. route, whereas s.c. administration primed limited CD8+ T-cell responses. The CD4+ T cells induced by CAF09 were mainly of an effector-memory-like phenotype and the CD8+ T cells were highly cytotoxic. Finally, in a mouse therapeutic skin tumor model, the HPV-16 E7 antigen formulated in CAF09 significantly reduced the growth of already established subcutaneous E7-expressing TC-1 tumors in 38% of the mice and in a corresponding prophylactic model 100% of the mice were protected. Thus, CAF09 is a potent new adjuvant which is able to induce CD8+ T-cell responses against several antigens and to enhance the protective efficacy of an E7 vaccine both in a therapeutic and in a prophylactic tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Smith Korsholm
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
| | - Jon Hansen
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
| | - Kasper Karlsen
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
| | - Jonathan Filskov
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
| | - Marianne Mikkelsen
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Lindenstrøm
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
| | - Signe Tandrup Schmidt
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
| | - Peter Andersen
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
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Lindenstrøm T, Aagaard C, Christensen D, Agger EM, Andersen P. High-frequency vaccine-induced CD8⁺ T cells specific for an epitope naturally processed during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis do not confer protection. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:1699-709. [PMID: 24677089 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Relatively few MHC class I epitopes have been identified from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but during the late stage of infection, CD8(+) T-cell responses to these epitopes are often primed at an extraordinary high frequency. Although clearly available for recognition during infection, their role in resistance to mycobacterial infections still remain unclear. As an alternative to DNA and viral vaccination platforms, we have exploited a novel CD8(+) T-cell-inducing adjuvant, cationic adjuvant formulation 05 (dimethyldioctadecylammonium/trehalose dibehenate/poly (inositic:cytidylic) acid), to prime high-frequency CD8 responses to the immunodominant H2-K(b) -restricted IMYNYPAM epitope contained in the vaccine Ag tuberculosis (TB)10.4/Rv0288/ESX-H (where ESX is mycobacterial type VII secretion system). We report that the amino acid C-terminal to this minimal epitope plays a decisive role in proteasomal cleavage and epitope priming. The primary structure of TB10.4 is suboptimal for proteasomal processing of the epitope and amino acid substitutions in the flanking region markedly increased epitope-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses. One of the optimized sequences was contained in the closely related TB10.3/Rv3019c/ESX-R Ag and when recombinantly expressed and administered in the cationic adjuvant formulation 05 adjuvant, this Ag promoted very high CD8(+) T-cell responses. This abundant T-cell response was functionally active but provided no protection against challenge, suggesting that CD8(+) T cells play a limited role in protection against M. tuberculosis in the mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lindenstrøm
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Denmark
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Nair SK, De Leon G, Boczkowski D, Schmittling R, Xie W, Staats J, Liu R, Johnson LA, Weinhold K, Archer GE, Sampson JH, Mitchell DA. Recognition and killing of autologous, primary glioblastoma tumor cells by human cytomegalovirus pp65-specific cytotoxic T cells. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:2684-94. [PMID: 24658154 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-3268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite aggressive conventional therapy, glioblastoma (GBM) remains uniformly lethal. Immunotherapy, in which the immune system is harnessed to specifically attack malignant cells, offers a treatment option with less toxicity. The expression of cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigens in GBM presents a unique opportunity to target these viral proteins for tumor immunotherapy. Although the presence of CMV within malignant gliomas has been confirmed by several laboratories, its relevance as an immunologic target in GBM has yet to be established. The objective of this study was to explore whether T cells stimulated by CMV pp65 RNA-transfected dendritic cells (DC) target and eliminate autologous GBM tumor cells in an antigen-specific manner. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN T cells from patients with GBM were stimulated with autologous DCs pulsed with CMV pp65 RNA, and the function of the effector CMV pp65-specific T cells was measured. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrate the ability to elicit CMV pp65-specific immune responses in vitro using RNA-pulsed autologous DCs generated from patients with newly diagnosed GBM. Importantly, CMV pp65-specific T cells lyse autologous, primary GBM tumor cells in an antigen-specific manner. Moreover, T cells expanded in vitro using DCs pulsed with total tumor RNA demonstrated a 10- to 20-fold expansion of CMV pp65-specific T cells as assessed by tetramer analysis and recognition and killing of CMV pp65-expressing target cells. CONCLUSION These data collectively demonstrate that CMV-specific T cells can effectively target glioblastoma tumor cells for immunologic killing and support the rationale for the development of CMV-directed immunotherapy in patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita K Nair
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gabriel De Leon
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David Boczkowski
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Robert Schmittling
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Weihua Xie
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Janet Staats
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rebecca Liu
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Laura A Johnson
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kent Weinhold
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gary E Archer
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - John H Sampson
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Duane A Mitchell
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Lu M, Xia ZY, Bao L. Enhancement of antimycobacterial Th1-cell responses by a Mycobacterium bovis BCG prime-protein boost vaccination strategy. Cell Immunol 2013; 285:111-7. [PMID: 24177251 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a major global health problem, and the only available vaccine Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is not sufficiently effective against the disease. It is extremely urgent to develop novel vaccine approaches. Previous research demonstrated that there were several Regions of Difference (RD1-16) between the substrains of BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium bovis. The ORFs Rv1769 and Rv1772 are located in the RD14 deletions and have not been major targets of study. However, some studies have demonstrated that the two genes (Rv1769 and Rv1772) are excellent T cell antigens, which might induce an immune response. What kind of role these ORFs might play in anti-mycobacterial immunity, however, is still unknown. In our research we used the BCG prime-protein boost strategy to immunize BALB/c mice and evaluated its immunogenicity. Our data suggest that our novel BCG-P+PRO69 vaccine could elicit the most long-lasting and strongest Th1 type cellular immune responses. This response is characterized by a strong antibody response, the proliferation rate of splenocytes, a high percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and high levels of IFN-γ in antigen-stimulated splenocyte cultures. These results indicate that prime-boost is a potent strategy and the protein of gene Rv1769 is a potential antigen or subunit vaccine to TB for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Lu
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Science, West China Center of Medical Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Billeskov R, Christensen JP, Aagaard C, Andersen P, Dietrich J. Comparing adjuvanted H28 and modified vaccinia virus ankara expressingH28 in a mouse and a non-human primate tuberculosis model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72185. [PMID: 23977248 PMCID: PMC3747044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report for the first time on the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a vaccine strategy involving the adjuvanted fusion protein “H28” (consisting of Ag85B-TB10.4-Rv2660c) and Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara expressing H28. We show that a heterologous prime-boost regimen involving priming with H28 in a Th1 adjuvant followed by boosting with H28 expressed by MVA (H28/MVA28) induced the highest percentage of IFN-γ expressing T cells, the highest production of IFN-γ per single cell and the highest induction of CD8 T cells compared to either of the vaccines given alone. In contrast, in mice vaccinated with adjuvanted recombinant H28 alone (H28/H28) we observed the highest production of IL-2 per single cell and the highest frequency of antigen specific TNF-α/IL-2 expressing CD4 T cells pre and post infection. Interestingly, TNF-α/IL-2 expressing central memory-like CD4 T cells showed a significant positive correlation with protection at week 6 post infection, whereas the opposite was observed for post infection CD4 T cells producing only IFN-γ. Moreover, as a BCG booster vaccine in a clinically relevant non-human primate TB model, the H28/H28 vaccine strategy induced a slightly more prominent reduction of clinical disease and pathology for up to one year post infection compared to H28/MVA28. Taken together, our data showed that the adjuvanted subunit and MVA strategies led to different T cell subset combinations pre and post infection and that TNF-α/IL-2 double producing but not IFN-γ single producing CD4 T cell subsets correlated with protection in the mouse TB model. Moreover, our data demonstrated that the H28 vaccine antigen was able to induce strong protection in both a mouse and a non-human primate TB model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Billeskov
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan P. Christensen
- Institute of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Aagaard
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Andersen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jes Dietrich
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Baldwin SL, Ching LK, Pine SO, Moutaftsi M, Lucas E, Vallur A, Orr MT, Bertholet S, Reed SG, Coler RN. Protection against tuberculosis with homologous or heterologous protein/vector vaccine approaches is not dependent on CD8+ T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:2514-2525. [PMID: 23904160 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Considerable effort has been directed to develop Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccines to boost bacille Calmette-Guérin or for those who cannot be immunized with bacille Calmette-Guérin. We hypothesized that CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses with a heterologous prime/boost vaccine approach could induce long-lived vaccine efficacy against M. tuberculosis in C57BL/6 mice. We produced an adenovirus vector expressing ID93 (Ad5-ID93) for induction of CD8 T cells to use with our candidate tuberculosis vaccine, ID93/glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA)-stable emulsion (SE), which induces potent Th1 CD4 T cells. Ad5-ID93 generates ID93-specific CD8(+) T cell responses and induces protection against M. tuberculosis. When Ad5-ID93 is administered in a prime-boost strategy with ID93/GLA-SE, both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells are generated and provide protection against M. tuberculosis. In a MHC class I-deficient mouse model, all groups including the Ad5-ID93 group elicited an Ag-specific CD4(+) T cell response and significantly fewer Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells, but were still protected against M. tuberculosis, suggesting that CD4(+) Th1 T cells could compensate for the loss of CD8(+) T cells. Lastly, the order of the heterologous immunizations was critical. Long-lived vaccine protection was observed only when Ad5-ID93 was given as the boost following an ID93/GLA-SE prime. The homologous ID93/GLA-SE prime/boost regimen also induced long-lived protection. One of the correlates of protection between these two approaches was an increase in the total number of ID93-specific IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) T cells 6 mo following the last immunization. Our findings provide insight into the development of vaccines not only for tuberculosis, but other diseases requiring T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Baldwin
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, USA 98102
| | - Lance K Ching
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, USA 98102
| | - Samuel O Pine
- Allergan, Inc. 2525 Dupont Dr., Irvine, CA USA 92612
| | - Magdalini Moutaftsi
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, USA 98102
| | - Elyse Lucas
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, USA 98102
| | - Aarthy Vallur
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, USA 98102
| | - Mark T Orr
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, USA 98102
| | | | - Steven G Reed
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, USA 98102.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 98195.,Immune Design Corp., 1124 Columbia Street, Suite 700, Seattle, WA, USA 98104
| | - Rhea N Coler
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, USA 98102.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 98195
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Lindenstrøm T, Knudsen NPH, Agger EM, Andersen P. Control of chronic mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by CD4 KLRG1- IL-2-secreting central memory cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:6311-9. [PMID: 23677471 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine provides very efficient protection in standard animal models of Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge. We show in this article that although bacille Calmette-Guérin controlled M. tuberculosis growth for 7 wk of infection, the protection was gradually lost as the infection entered the chronic phase. The regrowth of M. tuberculosis coincided with an almost complete disappearance of IL-2-producing CD4 T cells. Booster vaccination with a subunit vaccine (Ag85B-ESAT-6+CAF01) expanded IL-2(+) CD4(+) T cell coexpressing either TNF-α or TNF-α/IFN-γ, and the maintenance of this population in the late stage of infection was associated with enhanced control of bacterial growth. The IL-2(+) CD4(+) T cell subsets were KLRG1(-) (nonterminally differentiated), were found to be CD62L(high), and further maintained a pronounced proliferative and cytokine-producing potential in the draining lymph nodes, when the animals were challenged 2 y postvaccination. These results suggest that the CD4(+) KLRG1(-) IL-2-secreting subsets are central memory T cells with the potential to continuously replenish the T cells at the site of infection and prevent attrition and functional exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lindenstrøm
- Tuberculosis Vaccine Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
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42
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Vaccination using recombinants influenza and adenoviruses encoding amastigote surface protein-2 are highly effective on protection against Trypanosoma cruzi infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61795. [PMID: 23637908 PMCID: PMC3634828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we evaluated the protection raised by immunization with recombinant influenza viruses carrying sequences coding for polypeptides corresponding to medial and carboxi-terminal moieties of Trypanosoma cruzi ´s amastigote surface protein 2 (ASP2). Those viruses were used in sequential immunization with recombinant adenovirus (heterologous prime-boost immunization protocol) encoding the complete sequence of ASP2 (Ad-ASP2) in two mouse strains (C57BL/6 and C3H/He). The CD8 effector response elicited by this protocol was comparable to that observed in mice immunized twice with Ad-ASP2 and more robust than that observed in mice that were immunized once with Ad-ASP2. Whereas a single immunization with Ad-ASP2 sufficed to completely protect C57BL/6 mice, a higher survival rate was observed in C3H/He mice that were primed with recombinant influenza virus and boosted with Ad-ASP2 after being challenged with T. cruzi. Analyzing the phenotype of CD8+ T cells obtained from spleen of vaccinated C3H/He mice we observed that heterologous prime-boost immunization protocol elicited more CD8+ T cells specific for the immunodominant epitope as well as a higher number of CD8+ T cells producing TNF-α and IFN-γ and a higher mobilization of surface marker CD107a. Taken together, our results suggest that immunodominant subpopulations of CD8+ T elicited after immunization could be directly related to degree of protection achieved by different immunization protocols using different viral vectors. Overall, these results demonstrated the usefulness of recombinant influenza viruses in immunization protocols against Chagas Disease.
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Tang S, Cui H, Yao L, Hao X, Shen Y, Fan L, Sun H, Zhang Z, Huang JA. Increased cytokines response in patients with tuberculosis complicated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62385. [PMID: 23626814 PMCID: PMC3633855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To explore the change and its significance of cytokines in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with COPD. Methods The immune function of 152 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis with COPD was detected to compare with 150 cases of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, 157 cases of patients with COPD and 50 cases of healthy volunteers who were in the hospital during the same period. T lymphocyte cell population in peripheral blood was detected by flow cytometry. The serum levels of sIL-2R, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α were measured using ELISA. Results The percentage of CD4+ T cells in TB patients with or without COPD and COPD patients without TB was significantly lower than that in control group. The percentage of CD4+ T cells in patients with TB and COPD was significantly lower than that in the non-COPD TB patients. The percentage of CD8+ T cells was higher in the TB patients group than that in control group. The CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the TB patients group was significantly lower than that in control group. The concentrations of sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ in TB patients with or without COPD and COPD patients without TB were significantly higher than those in control group. In addition, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α concentrations in the patients with TB and COPD were higher than those in the non-COPD TB patients. The concentrations of sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ in COPD patients with TB were significantly higher than those in COPD patients without TB. There was a significant negative correlation between serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and FEV1 (%, predicted) in COPD without TB group. Conclusions The patients with pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with COPD were impaired in cellular immunity, and its extent of immune impairment is more serious than those of the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and the patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenjie Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Tuberculosis Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Cui
- Tuberculosis Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Yao
- Tuberculosis Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Hao
- Tuberculosis Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Shen
- Tuberculosis Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Fan
- Tuberculosis Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Sun
- Tuberculosis Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanjun Zhang
- Tuberculosis Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian An Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Clonal expansions of CD8+ T cells with IL-10 secreting capacity occur during chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58612. [PMID: 23472214 PMCID: PMC3589362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact role of CD8+ T cells during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection has been heavily debated, yet it is generally accepted that CD8+ T cells contribute to protection against Mtb. In this study, however, we show that the Mtb-susceptible CBA/J mouse strain accumulates large numbers of CD8+ T cells in the lung as infection progresses, and that these cells display a dysfunctional and immunosuppressive phenotype (PD-1+, Tim-3+, CD122+). CD8+ T cell expansions from the lungs of Mtb-infected CBA/J mice were also capable of secreting the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10), although in vivo CD8+ T cell depletion did not significantly alter Mtb burden. Further analysis revealed that pulmonary CD8+ T cells from Mtb-infected CBA/J mice were clonally expanded, preferentially expressing T cell receptor (TcR) Vβ chain 8 (8.2, 8.3) or Vβ 14. Although Vβ8+ CD8+ T cells were responsible for the majority of IL-10 production, in vivo depletion of Vβ8+ did not significantly change the outcome of Mtb infection, which we hypothesize was a consequence of their dual IL-10/IFN-γ secreting profiles. Our data demonstrate that IL-10-secreting CD8+ T cells can arise during chronic Mtb infection, although the significance of this T cell population in tuberculosis pathogenesis remains unclear.
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Vasconcelos JR, Dominguez MR, Araújo AF, Ersching J, Tararam CA, Bruna-Romero O, Rodrigues MM. Relevance of long-lived CD8(+) T effector memory cells for protective immunity elicited by heterologous prime-boost vaccination. Front Immunol 2012; 3:358. [PMID: 23264773 PMCID: PMC3525016 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the importance of major histocompatibility complex class Ia-restricted CD8(+) T cells for host survival following viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infection, it has become largely accepted that these cells should be considered in the design of a new generation of vaccines. For the past 20 years, solid evidence has been provided that the heterologous prime-boost regimen achieves the best results in terms of induction of long-lived protective CD8(+) T cells against a variety of experimental infections. Although this regimen has often been used experimentally, as is the case for many vaccines, the mechanism behind the efficacy of this vaccination regimen is still largely unknown. The main purpose of this review is to examine the characteristics of the protective CD8(+) T cells generated by this vaccination regimen. Part of its efficacy certainly relies on the generation and maintenance of large numbers of specific lymphocytes. Other specific characteristics may also be important, and studies on this direction have only recently been initiated. So far, the characterization of these protective, long-lived T cell populations suggests that there is a high frequency of polyfunctional T cells; these cells cover a large breadth and display a T effector memory (TEM) phenotype. These TEM cells are capable of proliferating after an infectious challenge and are highly refractory to apoptosis due to a control of the expression of pro-apoptotic receptors such as CD95. Also, they do not undergo significant long-term immunological erosion. Understanding the mechanisms that control the generation and maintenance of the protective activity of these long-lived TEM cells will certainly provide important insights into the physiology of CD8(+) T cells and pave the way for the design of new or improved vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R Vasconcelos
- Centro de Terapia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil ; Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Vaccine-induced th17 cells are maintained long-term postvaccination as a distinct and phenotypically stable memory subset. Infect Immun 2012; 80:3533-44. [PMID: 22851756 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00550-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Th17 cells are increasingly being recognized as an important T helper subset for immune-mediated protection, especially against pathogens at mucosal ports of entry. In several cases, it would thus be highly relevant to induce Th17 memory by vaccination. Th17 cells are reported to exhibit high plasticity and may not stably maintain their differentiation program once induced, questioning the possibility of inducing durable Th17 memory. Accordingly, there is no consensus as to whether Th17 memory can be established unless influenced by continuous Th17 polarizing conditions. We have previously reported (T. Lindenstrøm, et al., J. Immunol. 182:8047-8055, 2009) that the cationic liposome adjuvant CAF01 can prime both Th1 and Th17 responses and promote robust, long-lived Th1 memory. Here, we demonstrate that subunit vaccination in mice with CAF01 leads to establishment of bona fide Th17 memory cells. Accordingly, Th17 memory cells exhibited lineage stability by retaining both phenotypic and functional properties for nearly 2 years. Antigen-specific, long-term Th17 memory cells were found to be mobilized from lung-draining lymph nodes to the lung following an aerosol challenge by Mycobacterium tuberculosis nearly 2 years after their induction and proliferated at levels comparable to those of Th1 memory cells. During the infection, the vaccine-induced Th17 memory cells expanded in the lungs and adapted Th1 characteristics, implying that they represent a metastable population which exhibits plasticity when exposed to prolonged Th1 polarizing, inflammatory conditions such as those found in the M. tuberculosis-infected lung. In the absence of overt inflammation, however, stable bona fide Th17 memory can indeed be induced by parenteral immunization.
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Vasconcelos JR, Bruña–Romero O, Araújo AF, Dominguez MR, Ersching J, de Alencar BCG, Machado AV, Gazzinelli RT, Bortoluci KR, Amarante-Mendes GP, Lopes MF, Rodrigues MM. Pathogen-induced proapoptotic phenotype and high CD95 (Fas) expression accompany a suboptimal CD8+ T-cell response: reversal by adenoviral vaccine. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002699. [PMID: 22615561 PMCID: PMC3355083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
MHC class Ia-restricted CD8+ T cells are important mediators of the adaptive immune response against infections caused by intracellular microorganisms. Whereas antigen-specific effector CD8+ T cells can clear infection caused by intracellular pathogens, in some circumstances, the immune response is suboptimal and the microorganisms survive, causing host death or chronic infection. Here, we explored the cellular and molecular mechanisms that could explain why CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity during infection with the human protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is not optimal. For that purpose, we compared the CD8+ T-cell mediated immune responses in mice infected with T. cruzi or vaccinated with a recombinant adenovirus expressing an immunodominant parasite antigen. Several functional and phenotypic characteristics of specific CD8+ T cells overlapped. Among few exceptions was an accelerated expansion of the immune response in adenoviral vaccinated mice when compared to infected ones. Also, there was an upregulated expression of the apoptotic-signaling receptor CD95 on the surface of specific T cells from infected mice, which was not observed in the case of adenoviral-vaccinated mice. Most importantly, adenoviral vaccine provided at the time of infection significantly reduced the upregulation of CD95 expression and the proapoptotic phenotype of pathogen-specific CD8+ cells expanded during infection. In parallel, infected adenovirus-vaccinated mice had a stronger CD8 T-cell mediated immune response and survived an otherwise lethal infection. We concluded that a suboptimal CD8+ T-cell response is associated with an upregulation of CD95 expression and a proapoptotic phenotype. Both can be blocked by adenoviral vaccination. Killer lymphocytes are important mediators of the immunological resistance against infections caused by virus, bacteria and parasites. In some circumstances, however, these lymphocytes are unable to properly eliminate the microorganisms which survive, causing death or establishing chronic infections. The purpose of our study was to understand why these killer cells do not succeed during infection with a human protozoan parasite. For that purpose, we compared the immune responses in animals infected or vaccinated. Many characteristics of these killer cells were similar. Among few exceptions was an accelerated immune response in vaccinated animals when compared to infected ones. Also, we observed on the surface of the killer lymphocytes from infected, but not from vaccinated animals, an increased expression of a protein involved in signaling cell death. Most importantly, vaccine significantly reduced the higher expression of this cell-death receptor. In parallel, these animals had a stronger immune response and cured infection. We concluded that a deficient killer cell response observed during infection was associated with an upregulation of this cell-death receptor and it was changed by vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ronnie Vasconcelos
- Centro de Terapia Celular e Molecular (CTCMol), Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Oscar Bruña–Romero
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriano F. Araújo
- Centro de Terapia Celular e Molecular (CTCMol), Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana R. Dominguez
- Centro de Terapia Celular e Molecular (CTCMol), Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonatan Ersching
- Centro de Terapia Celular e Molecular (CTCMol), Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna C. G. de Alencar
- Centro de Terapia Celular e Molecular (CTCMol), Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo T. Gazzinelli
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Karina R. Bortoluci
- Centro de Terapia Celular e Molecular (CTCMol), Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo P. Amarante-Mendes
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela F. Lopes
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauricio M. Rodrigues
- Centro de Terapia Celular e Molecular (CTCMol), Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Brennan MJ, Clagett B, Fitzgerald H, Chen V, Williams A, Izzo AA, Barker LF. Preclinical evidence for implementing a prime-boost vaccine strategy for tuberculosis. Vaccine 2012; 30:2811-23. [PMID: 22387630 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this review, published peer-reviewed preclinical studies using prime-boost tuberculosis (TB) vaccine regimens in animal challenge models for tuberculosis have been evaluated. These studies have been divided into groups that describe prime-boost vaccine combinations that performed better than, equivalent to, or worse than the currently used BCG vaccine. Review of the data has revealed interesting findings, including that more than half of the published studies using BCG as a prime combined with a novel boost vaccine give better efficacy than BCG alone and that the greatest reduction in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb.) colonization of animal tissues is provided by viral vectored vaccines delivered intranasally. Careful evaluation of these data should assist in defining the value of prime-boost regimens for advancement into human TB vaccine trials and stimulate the development of criteria for choosing which vaccine candidates should be studied further.
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Ansari MA, Zubair S, Mahmood A, Gupta P, Khan AA, Gupta UD, Arora A, Owais M. RD antigen based nanovaccine imparts long term protection by inducing memory response against experimental murine tuberculosis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22889. [PMID: 21853054 PMCID: PMC3154911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The absence of certain genomic loci that are present in most of the virulent strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as lack of lasting memory responses are some of the major causes attributed to the non effectiveness of Bacille Calmette-Gue'rin (BCG) vaccine. Immunization schedules addressing these issues can offer better strategy for protection against tuberculosis. METHODS The immunological responses evoked upon administration of archaeosome based antigen delivery system comprising T cell antigen, Rv3619c (an ESAT-6 family protein), has been assessed against experimental murine tuberculosis in BALB/c mice. RESULTS Archaeosome based subunit vaccine has been found to elicit type-1 cytokines in the immunized mice. Besides effective T cell memory response, the Rv3619c based vaccine was able to reduce mycobacterial burden in the animals challenged with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. CONCLUSION The data of the present study suggest that archaeosome encapsulated RD gene products offer substantial protection against M. tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairaj Ahmed Ansari
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swaleha Zubair
- Women's College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anjum Mahmood
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CDRI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pushpa Gupta
- National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and OMD, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aijaz A. Khan
- Department of Anatomy, JNMC, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Umesh D. Gupta
- National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and OMD, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Arora
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CDRI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Owais
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Axelsson-Robertson R, Ahmed RK, Weichold FF, Ehlers MM, Kock MM, Sizemore D, Sadoff J, Maeurer M. Human leukocyte antigens A*3001 and A*3002 show distinct peptide-binding patterns of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein TB10.4: consequences for immune recognition. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:125-34. [PMID: 21084459 PMCID: PMC3019778 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00302-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
High-tuberculosis (TB)-burden countries are located in sub-Saharan Africa. We examined the frequency of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, followed by recombinant expression of the most frequent HLA-A alleles, i.e., HLA-A*3001 and HLA-A*3002, to study differences in mycobacterial peptide presentation and CD8(+) T-cell recognition. We screened a peptide library (9-mer peptides with an 8-amino-acid overlap) for binding, affinity, and off-rate of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-associated antigen TB10.4 and identified only three TB10.4 peptides with considerable binding to HLA-A*3001. In contrast, 22 peptides bound to HLA-A*3002. This reflects a marked difference in the binding preference between the two alleles, with A*3002 tolerating a more promiscuous peptide-binding pattern and A*3001 accommodating only a very selective peptide repertoire. Subsequent analysis of the affinity and off-rate of the binding peptides revealed a strong affinity (8 nM to 7 μM) and moderate off-rate (20 min to 3 h) for both alleles. Construction of HLA-A*3001 and HLA-A*3002 tetramers containing selected binding peptides from TB10.4, including a peptide which was shared among both alleles, QIMYNYPAM (TB10.4(3-11)), allowed us to enumerate epitope-specific T cells in HLA-A*3001- and HLA-A*3002-typed patients with active TB. HLA-A*3001 and HLA-A*3002 major histocompatibility complex-peptide complexes were recognized in individuals with active TB, irrespective of their homozygous HLA-A*3001 or HLA-A*3002 genetic background. The antigen-specific T cells exhibited the CD45RA(+) CCR7(+) precursor phenotype and the interleukin-7 receptor (CD127), which were different from the phenotype and receptor exhibited by the parental CD8(+) T-cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Axelsson-Robertson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden, Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation, Rockville, Maryland, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria/NHLS, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Raija K. Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden, Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation, Rockville, Maryland, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria/NHLS, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Frank F. Weichold
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden, Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation, Rockville, Maryland, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria/NHLS, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marthie M. Ehlers
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden, Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation, Rockville, Maryland, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria/NHLS, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marleen M. Kock
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden, Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation, Rockville, Maryland, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria/NHLS, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Donata Sizemore
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden, Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation, Rockville, Maryland, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria/NHLS, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jerry Sadoff
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden, Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation, Rockville, Maryland, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria/NHLS, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Markus Maeurer
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden, Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation, Rockville, Maryland, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria/NHLS, Pretoria, South Africa
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