1
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Alrouji M, Al‐kuraishy HM, Al‐Gareeb AI, Alshammari MS, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Bahaa MM, Batiha GE. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) inhibitors in Parkinson disease. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18412. [PMID: 38842132 PMCID: PMC11154839 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a protein expressed in postmitotic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). Cdk5 is activated by p35 and p39 which are neuron regulatory subunits. Cdk5/p35 complex is activated by calpain protease to form Cdk5/p35 which has a neuroprotective effect by regulating the synaptic plasticity and memory functions. However, exaggerated Cdk5 is implicated in different types of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson disease (PD). Therefore, modulation of Cdk5 signalling may mitigate PD neuropathology. Therefore, the aim of the present review was to discuss the critical role of Cdk5 in the pathogenesis of PD, and how Cdk5 inhibitors are effectual in the management of PD. In conclusion, overactivated Cdk5 is involved the development of neurodegeneration, and Cdk5/calpain inhibitors such as statins, metformin, fenofibrates and rosiglitazone can attenuate the progression of PD neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alrouji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical SciencesShaqra UniversityShaqraSaudi Arabia
| | - Haydar M. Al‐kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineMustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Ali I. Al‐Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineMustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Mohammed S. Alshammari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical SciencesShaqra UniversityShaqraSaudi Arabia
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh UniversityMohaliPunjabIndia
- Department of Science and EngineeringNovel Global Community Educational FoundationHebershamNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Research & Development, FunogenAthensGreece
- Department of Research & Development, AFNP MedWienAustria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery IIUniversity Hospital Witten‐HerdeckeWuppertalGermany
| | - Mostafa M. Bahaa
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of PharmacyHorus UniversityNew DamiettaEgypt
| | - Gaber El‐Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhour UniversityDamanhourEgypt
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2
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Umfress A, Singh S, Ryan KJ, Chakraborti A, Plattner F, Sonawane Y, Mallareddy JR, Acosta EP, Natarajan A, Bibb JA. Systemic Administration of a Brain Permeable Cdk5 Inhibitor Alters Neurobehavior. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:863762. [PMID: 35645825 PMCID: PMC9134315 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.863762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a crucial regulator of neuronal signal transduction. Cdk5 activity is implicated in various neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions such as stress, anxiety, depression, addiction, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. While constitutive Cdk5 knockout is perinatally lethal, conditional knockout mice display resilience to stress-induction, enhanced cognition, neuroprotection from stroke and head trauma, and ameliorated neurodegeneration. Thus, Cdk5 represents a prime target for treatment in a spectrum of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. While intracranial infusions or treatment of acutely dissected brain tissue with compounds that inhibit Cdk5 have allowed the study of kinase function and corroborated conditional knockout findings, potent brain-penetrant systemically deliverable Cdk5 inhibitors are extremely limited, and no Cdk5 inhibitor has been approved to treat any neuropsychiatric or degenerative diseases to date. Here, we screened aminopyrazole-based analogs as potential Cdk5 inhibitors and identified a novel analog, 25-106, as a uniquely brain-penetrant anti-Cdk5 drug. We characterize the pharmacokinetic and dynamic responses of 25-106 in mice and functionally validate the effects of Cdk5 inhibition on open field and tail-suspension behaviors. Altogether, 25-106 represents a promising preclinical Cdk5 inhibitor that can be systemically administered with significant potential as a neurological/neuropsychiatric therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Umfress
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sarbjit Singh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Kevin J. Ryan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ayanabha Chakraborti
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | - Yogesh Sonawane
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jayapal Reddy Mallareddy
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Edward P. Acosta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Amarnath Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - James A. Bibb
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,Departments of Neurobiology and Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,O’Neil Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,*Correspondence: James A. Bibb,
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3
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Aroor A, Brewster AL. Getting Excited Through Cyclin: A Role for Endothelial Cdk5 Signaling in Hippocampal Hyperexcitability. Epilepsy Curr 2021; 20:396-398. [PMID: 34025263 PMCID: PMC7818198 DOI: 10.1177/1535759720958418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial Cdk5 Deficit Leads to the Development of Spontaneous Epilepsy
Through CXCL1/CXCR2-Mediated Reactive Astrogliosis Liu XX, Yang L, Shao LX, et al. J Exp Med. 2020;217(1):e20180992.
DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180992 Blood–brain barrier dysfunction has been suggested to play an important role in
epilepsy. However, the mechanism mediating the transition from cerebrovascular damage
to epilepsy remains unknown. Here, we report that endothelial cyclin-dependent kinase
5 is a central regulator of neuronal excitability. Endothelial-specific Cdk5 knockout
led to spontaneous seizures in mice. Knockout mice showed increased endothelial
chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (Cxcl1) expression, decreased astrocytic glutamate
reuptake through the glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1), and increased glutamate synaptic
function. Ceftriaxone restored astrocytic GLT1 function and inhibited seizures in
endothelial Cdk5-deficient mice, and these effects were also reversed after silencing
Cxcl1 in endothelial cells and its receptor chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 (Cxcr2)
in astrocytes, respectively, in the CA1 by AAV transfection. These results reveal a
previously unknown link between cerebrovascular factors and epileptogenesis and
provide a rationale for targeting endothelial signaling as a potential treatment for
epilepsy.1
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4
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Gavrilovici C, Jiang Y, Kiroski I, Sterley TL, Vandal M, Bains J, Park SK, Rho JM, Teskey GC, Nguyen MD. Behavioral Deficits in Mice with Postnatal Disruption of Ndel1 in Forebrain Excitatory Neurons: Implications for Epilepsy and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Cereb Cortex Commun 2021; 2:tgaa096. [PMID: 33615226 PMCID: PMC7876307 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of nuclear distribution element-like 1 (Ndel1) is associated with schizophrenia, a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by cognitive impairment and with seizures as comorbidity. The levels of Ndel1 are also altered in human and models with epilepsy, a chronic condition whose hallmark feature is the occurrence of spontaneous recurrent seizures and is typically associated with comorbid conditions including learning and memory deficits, anxiety, and depression. In this study, we analyzed the behaviors of mice postnatally deficient for Ndel1 in forebrain excitatory neurons (Ndel1 CKO) that exhibit spatial learning and memory deficits, seizures, and shortened lifespan. Ndel1 CKO mice underperformed in species-specific tasks, that is, the nest building, open field, Y maze, forced swim, and dry cylinder tasks. We surveyed the expression and/or activity of a dozen molecules related to Ndel1 functions and found changes that may contribute to the abnormal behaviors. Finally, we tested the impact of Reelin glycoprotein that shows protective effects in the hippocampus of Ndel1 CKO, on the performance of the mutant animals in the nest building task. Our study highlights the importance of Ndel1 in the manifestation of species-specific animal behaviors that may be relevant to our understanding of the clinical conditions shared between neuropsychiatric disorders and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezar Gavrilovici
- Departments of Neurosciences & Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Yulan Jiang
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Cell Biology and Anatomy, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ivana Kiroski
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Cell Biology and Anatomy, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Toni-Lee Sterley
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Milene Vandal
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Cell Biology and Anatomy, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jaideep Bains
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sang Ki Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Jong M Rho
- Departments of Neurosciences & Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - G Campbell Teskey
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Minh Dang Nguyen
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Cell Biology and Anatomy, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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5
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Posada-Duque RA, Cardona-Gómez GP. CDK5 Targeting as a Therapy for Recovering Neurovascular Unit Integrity in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 82:S141-S161. [PMID: 33016916 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is responsible for synchronizing the energetic demand, vasodynamic changes, and neurochemical and electrical function of the brain through a closed and interdependent interaction of cell components conforming to brain tissue. In this review, we will focus on cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) as a molecular pivot, which plays a crucial role in the healthy function of neurons, astrocytes, and the endothelium and is implicated in the cross-talk of cellular adhesion signaling, ion transmission, and cytoskeletal remodeling, thus allowing the individual and interconnected homeostasis of cerebral parenchyma. Then, we discuss how CDK5 overactivation affects the integrity of the NVU in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive impairment; we emphasize how CDK5 is involved in the excitotoxicity spreading of glutamate and Ca2+ imbalance under acute and chronic injury. Additionally, we present pharmacological and gene therapy strategies for producing partial depletion of CDK5 activity on neurons, astrocytes, or endothelium to recover neuroplasticity and neurotransmission, suggesting that the NVU should be the targeted tissue unit in protective strategies. Finally, we conclude that CDK5 could be effective due to its intervention on astrocytes by its end feet on the endothelium and neurons, acting as an intermediary cell between systemic and central communication in the brain. This review provides integrated guidance regarding the pathogenesis of and potential repair strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Andrés Posada-Duque
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, SIU, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Institute of Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gloria Patricia Cardona-Gómez
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, SIU, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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6
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Decreased CDKL2 expression is correlated with the progression and poor prognosis of glioma. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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7
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Li J, Guo M, Liu Y, Wu G, Miao L, Zhang J, Zuo Z, Li Y. Both GSK-3β/CRMP2 and CDK5/CRMP2 pathways participate in the protection of dexmedetomidine against propofol-induced learning and memory impairment in neonatal rats. Toxicol Sci 2019; 171:193-210. [PMID: 31187143 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine has been reported to ameliorate propofol-induced neurotoxicity in neonatal animals. However, the underlying mechanism is still undetermined. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), cycline dependent kinase-5 (CDK5) and Rho-kinase (RhoA) pathways play critical roles in neuronal development. The present study is to investigate whether GSK-3β, CDK5 and RhoA pathways are involved in the neuroprotection of dexmedetomidine. Seven-day-old (P7) Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with propofol for 6 h. Dexmedetomidine at various concentrations were administered before propofol exposure. Neuroapoptosis, the neuronal proliferation and the level of neurotransmitter in the hippocampus were evaluated. The effects of GSK-3β inhibitor SB415286, CDK5 inhibitor roscovitine or RhoA inhibitor Y276321 on propofol-induced neurotoxicity were assessed. Propofol induced apoptosis in the hippocampal neurons and astrocytes, inhibited neuronal proliferation in the DG region, down-regulated the level of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate in the hippocampus, and impaired long-term cognitive function. These harmful effects were reduced by pretreatment with 50 μg·kg-1 dexmedetomidine. Moreover, propofol activated GSK-3β and CDK5 pathways, but not RhoA pathway, by reducing the phosphorylation of GSK-3β (ser 9), increasing the expression of CDK5 activator P25 and increasing the phosphorylation of their target sites on CRMP2 shortly after exposure. These effects were reversed by pretreatment with 50 μg·kg-1 dexmedetomidine. Furthermore, SB415286 and roscovitine, not Y276321, attenuated the propofol-induced neuroapoptosis, brain cell proliferation inhibition, GABA and glutamate downregulation, and learning and memory dysfunction. Our results indicate that dexmedetomidine reduces propofol-induced neurotoxicity and neurocognitive impairment via inhibiting activation of GSK-3β/CRMP2 and CDK5/CRMP2 pathways in the hippocampus of neonatal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of RNA and Major Diseases of Brain and Hearts, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minyan Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of RNA and Major Diseases of Brain and Hearts, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yafang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of RNA and Major Diseases of Brain and Hearts, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiyun Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyi Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908-0710, USA
| | - Yujuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of RNA and Major Diseases of Brain and Hearts, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Zeb A, Kim D, Alam SI, Son M, Kumar R, Rampogu S, Parameswaran S, Shelake RM, Rana RM, Parate S, Kim JY, Lee KW. Computational Simulations Identify Pyrrolidine-2,3-Dione Derivatives as Novel Inhibitors of Cdk5/p25 Complex to Attenuate Alzheimer's Pathology. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E746. [PMID: 31137734 PMCID: PMC6572193 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
: Mechanistically, neurotoxic insults provoke Ca2+-mediated calpain activation, which cleaves the cytoplasmic region of membrane-embedded p35 and produces its truncated form p25. Upon physical interaction, cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) and p25 forms hyperactivated Cdk5/p25 complex and causes severe neuropathological aberrations including hyperphosphorylated tau-mediated neurofibrillary tangles formation, Alzheimer's symptoms, and neuronal death. Therefore, the inhibition of Cdk5/p25 complex may relieve p-tau-mediated Alzheimer's pathology. Herein, computational simulations have identified pyrrolidine-2,3-dione derivatives as novel inhibitors of Cdk5/p25 complex. A ligand-based pharmacophore was designed and employed as 3D query to retrieve drug-like molecules from chemical databases. By molecular docking, drug-like molecules obtaining dock score > 67.67 (Goldcore of the reference compound) were identified. Molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy calculation retrieved four pyrrolidine-2,3-dione derivatives as novel candidate inhibitors of Cdk5/p25. The root means square deviation of Cdk5/p25 in complex with candidate inhibitors obtained an average value of ~2.15 Å during the 30 ns simulation period. Molecular interactions analysis suggested that each inhibitor occupied the ATP-binding site of Cdk5/p25 and formed stable interactions. Finally, the binding free energy estimation suggested that each inhibitor had lowest binding energy than the reference compound (-113.10 kJ/mol) to recapitulate their strong binding with Cdk5/p25. Overall, these inhibitors could mitigate tau-mediated Alzheimer's phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Zeb
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Donghwan Kim
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Sayed Ibrar Alam
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Minky Son
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Raj Kumar
- Institute of Chemical Processes (ICP), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Shailima Rampogu
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Saravanan Parameswaran
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Rahul Mahadev Shelake
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
| | - Rabia Mukhtar Rana
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Shraddha Parate
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Jae-Yean Kim
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
| | - Keun Woo Lee
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea.
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9
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Lampropoulou E, Logoviti I, Koutsioumpa M, Hatziapostolou M, Polytarchou C, Skandalis SS, Hellman U, Fousteris M, Nikolaropoulos S, Choleva E, Lamprou M, Skoura A, Megalooikonomou V, Papadimitriou E. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 mediates pleiotrophin-induced endothelial cell migration. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5893. [PMID: 29651006 PMCID: PMC5897396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) stimulates endothelial cell migration through binding to receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase beta/zeta (RPTPβ/ζ) and ανβ3 integrin. Screening for proteins that interact with RPTPβ/ζ and potentially regulate PTN signaling, through mass spectrometry analysis, identified cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) activator p35 among the proteins displaying high sequence coverage. Interaction of p35 with the serine/threonine kinase CDK5 leads to CDK5 activation, known to be implicated in cell migration. Protein immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays verified p35-RPTPβ/ζ interaction and revealed the molecular association of CDK5 and RPTPβ/ζ. In endothelial cells, PTN activates CDK5 in an RPTPβ/ζ- and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent manner. On the other hand, c-Src, ανβ3 and ERK1/2 do not mediate the PTN-induced CDK5 activation. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of CDK5 abolished PTN-induced endothelial cell migration, suggesting that CDK5 mediates PTN stimulatory effect. A new pyrrolo[2,3-α]carbazole derivative previously identified as a CDK1 inhibitor, was found to suppress CDK5 activity and eliminate PTN stimulatory effect on cell migration, warranting its further evaluation as a new CDK5 inhibitor. Collectively, our data reveal that CDK5 is activated by PTN, in an RPTPβ/ζ-dependent manner, regulates PTN-induced cell migration and is an attractive target for the inhibition of PTN pro-angiogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Lampropoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Ioanna Logoviti
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Marina Koutsioumpa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR26504, Patras, Greece.,Center for Systems Biomedicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Maria Hatziapostolou
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Polytarchou
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR26504, Patras, Greece.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751-05, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hellman
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751-05, Sweden
| | - Manolis Fousteris
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Sotirios Nikolaropoulos
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Efrosini Choleva
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Margarita Lamprou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Angeliki Skoura
- Computer Engineering and Informatics Department, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Evangelia Papadimitriou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR26504, Patras, Greece.
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10
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Dixit AB, Banerjee J, Tripathi M, Sarkar C, Chandra PS. Synaptic roles of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 & its implications in epilepsy. Indian J Med Res 2018. [PMID: 28639593 PMCID: PMC5501049 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1249_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying epilepsy to find novel prognostic/diagnostic biomarkers to prevent epilepsy patients at risk. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is involved in multiple neuronal functions and plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostatic synaptic plasticity by regulating intracellular signalling cascades at synapses. CDK5 deregulation is shown to be associated with various neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. The association between chronic loss of CDK5 and seizures has been reported in animal models of epilepsy. Genetic expression of CDK5 at transcriptome level has been shown to be abnormal in intractable epilepsy. In this review various possible mechanisms by which deregulated CDK5 may alter synaptic transmission and possibly lead to epileptogenesis have been discussed. Further, CDK5 has been proposed as a potential biomarker as well as a pharmacological target for developing treatments for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Banerjee Dixit
- Center for Excellence in Epilepsy, A Joint National Brain Research Centre (NBRC)- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Collaboration, NBRC, Gurugram, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Banerjee
- Center for Excellence in Epilepsy, A Joint National Brain Research Centre (NBRC)- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Collaboration, NBRC, Gurugram, India
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11
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Mushtaq G, Greig NH, Anwar F, Al-Abbasi FA, Zamzami MA, Al-Talhi HA, Kamal MA. Neuroprotective Mechanisms Mediated by CDK5 Inhibition. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 22:527-34. [PMID: 26601962 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666151124235028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a proline-directed serine/threonine kinase belonging to the family of cyclin-dependent kinases. In addition to maintaining the neuronal architecture, CDK5 plays an important role in the regulation of synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitter release, neuron migration and neurite outgrowth. Although various reports have shown links between neurodegeneration and deregulation of cyclin-dependent kinases, the specific role of CDK5 inhibition in causing neuroprotection in cases of neuronal insult or in neurodegenerative diseases is not wellunderstood. This article discusses current evidence for the involvement of CDK5 deregulation in neurodegenerative disorders and neurodegeneration associated with stroke through various mechanisms. These include upregulation of cyclin D1 and overactivation of CDK5 mediated neuronal cell death pathways, aberrant hyperphosphorylation of human tau proteins and/or neurofilament proteins, formation of neurofibrillary lesions, excitotoxicity, cytoskeletal disruption, motor neuron death (due to abnormally high levels of CDK5/p25) and colchicine- induced apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons. A better understanding of the role of CDK5 inhibition in neuroprotective mechanisms will help scientists and researchers to develop selective, safe and efficacious pharmacological inhibitors of CDK5 for therapeutic use against human neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and neuronal loss associated with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Mushtaq
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National, Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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12
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Zhang Y, Li S, Wang W, Xu C, Liang S, Liu M, Hao W, Zhang R. Beneficial effects of polydatin on learning and memory in rats with chronic ethanol exposure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:11116-11123. [PMID: 26617831 PMCID: PMC4637646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of polydatin on cognitive function in rats self-administered with chronic ethanol levels. The levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) were also determined. In the in vivo study, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish an ethanol-administered rat model. Cognitive function was measured using the Morris water maze and the level of Cdk5 expression was measured to evaluate the effect of polydatin treatment. Cdk5 kinase activity and cell survival rate in primary hippocampal neuron cultures treated with ethanol or ethanol and polydatin were measured in the in vitro study. Polydatin reversed the performance impairments in chronic ethanol treated rats in Morris water maze test, and decreased unregulated Cdk5 expression. Moreover, polydatin increased cell survival rate, and decreased Cdk5 activity in the ethanol-treated primary culture of hippocampal neurons. The study results suggest that polydatin exhibits neuroprotective potential for ethanol induced neurotoxicity, both in vivo and in vitro, which is most likely related to its ability to target Cdk5 in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Physiology, Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Department of Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jiamusi UniversityJiamusi 154001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chunyang Xu
- Department of Immunology, Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Shuainan Liang
- Department of Physiology, 2013 22 class of clinnical medicine, Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Physiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Wei Hao
- Department of Physiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Ruiling Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiang 453003, Henan, China
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13
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Banks AS, McAllister FE, Camporez JPG, Zushin PJH, Jurczak MJ, Laznik-Bogoslavski D, Shulman GI, Gygi SP, Spiegelman BM. An ERK/Cdk5 axis controls the diabetogenic actions of PPARγ. Nature 2014; 517:391-5. [PMID: 25409143 PMCID: PMC4297557 DOI: 10.1038/nature13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-linked insulin resistance is a major precursor to the development of type 2 diabetes. Previous work has shown that phosphorylation of PPARγ at serine 273 by Cdk5 stimulates diabetogenic gene expression in adipose tissues1. Inhibition of this modification is a key therapeutic mechanism for anti-diabetic PPARγ ligand drugs, such as the thiazolidinediones and PPARγ partial/non-agonists2. To better understand the importance of this obesity-linked PPARγ phosphorylation, we created mice that ablated Cdk5 specifically in adipose tissues. Surprisingly, these mice have both a paradoxical increase in PPARγ phosphorylation at S273 and worsened insulin resistance. Unbiased proteomic studies show that ERK kinases are activated in these KO animals. We show here that ERK directly phosphorylates S273 of PPARγ in a robust manner and that Cdk5 suppresses ERKs through direct action on a novel site in MEK, the ERK kinase. Importantly, pharmacological MEK and ERK inhibition markedly improves insulin resistance in both obese wild type and ob/ob mice, and also completely reverses the deleterious effects of the Cdk5 ablation. These data show that an ERK/Cdk5 axis controls PPARγ function and suggest that MEK/ERK inhibitors may hold promise for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Banks
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Fiona E McAllister
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - João Paulo G Camporez
- Yale Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center and Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Peter-James H Zushin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Michael J Jurczak
- Yale Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center and Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | | | - Gerald I Shulman
- Yale Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center and Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- 1] Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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14
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Isoflurane impairs learning and hippocampal long-term potentiation via the saturation of synaptic plasticity. Anesthesiology 2014; 121:302-10. [PMID: 24758773 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND General anesthesia induces long-lasting cognitive and learning deficits. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The GluA1 subunit of AMPAR is a key molecule for learning and synaptic plasticity, which requires trafficking of GluA1-containing AMPARs into the synapse. METHODS Adult male rats were exposed to 1.8% isoflurane for 2 h and subjected to an inhibitory avoidance task, which is a hippocampus-dependent contextual fear learning paradigm (n = 16 to 39). The in vitro extracellular field potential of hippocampal synapses between the Schaffer collateral and the CA1 was evaluated using a multielectrode recorder (n = 6 per group). GluA1 expression in the synaptoneurosome was assessed using Western blotting (n = 5 to 8). The ubiquitination level of GluA1 was evaluated using immunoprecipitation and Western blotting (n = 7 per group). RESULTS Seven days after exposure to 1.8% isoflurane for 2 h (Iso1.8), the inhibitory avoidance learning (control vs. Iso1.8; 294 ± 34 vs. 138 ± 28, the mean ± SEM [%]; P = 0.002) and long-term potentiation (125.7 ± 6.1 vs. 105.7 ± 3.3; P < 0.001) were impaired. Iso1.8 also temporarily increased GluA1 in the synaptoneurosomes (100 ± 9.7 vs. 138.9 ± 8.9; P = 0.012) and reduced the GluA1 ubiquitination, a main degradation pathway of GluA1 (100 ± 8.7 vs. 71.1 ± 6.1; P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS Isoflurane impairs hippocampal learning and modulates synaptic plasticity in the postanesthetic period. Increased GluA1 may reduce synaptic capacity for additional GluA1-containing AMPARs trafficking.
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15
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De Filippis B, Romano E, Laviola G. Aberrant Rho GTPases signaling and cognitive dysfunction: in vivo evidence for a compelling molecular relationship. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 46 Pt 2:285-301. [PMID: 24971827 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Rho GTPases are key intracellular signaling molecules that coordinate dynamic changes in the actin cytoskeleton, thereby stimulating a variety of processes, including morphogenesis, migration, neuronal development, cell division and adhesion. Deviations from normal Rho GTPases activation state have been proposed to disrupt cognition and synaptic plasticity. This review focuses on the functional consequences of genetic ablation of upstream and downstream Rho GTPases molecules on cognitive function and neuronal morphology and connectivity. Available information on this issue is described and compared to that gained from mice carrying mutations in the most studied Rho GTPases and from pharmacological in vivo studies in which brain Rho GTPases signaling was modulated. Results from reviewed literature provide definitive evidence of a compelling link between Rho GTPases signaling and cognitive function, thus supporting the notion that Rho GTPases and their downstream effectors may represent important therapeutic targets for disorders associated with cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca De Filippis
- Sect. Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy.
| | - Emilia Romano
- Sect. Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy; Bambino Gesù, Children Hospital, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Laviola
- Sect. Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
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16
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He X, Ishizeki M, Mita N, Wada S, Araki Y, Ogura H, Abe M, Yamazaki M, Sakimura K, Mikoshiba K, Inoue T, Ohshima T. Cdk5/p35 is required for motor coordination and cerebellar plasticity. J Neurochem 2014; 131:53-64. [PMID: 24802945 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have implicated the role of Purkinje cells in motor learning and the underlying mechanisms have also been identified in great detail during the last decades. Here we report that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5)/p35 in Purkinje cell also contributes to synaptic plasticity. We previously showed that p35(-/-) (p35 KO) mice exhibited a subtle abnormality in brain structure and impaired spatial learning and memory. Further behavioral analysis showed that p35 KO mice had a motor coordination defect, suggesting that p35, one of the activators of Cdk5, together with Cdk5 may play an important role in cerebellar motor learning. Therefore, we created Purkinje cell-specific conditional Cdk5/p35 knockout (L7-p35 cKO) mice, analyzed the cerebellar histology and Purkinje cell morphology of these mice, evaluated their performance with balance beam and rota-rod test, and performed electrophysiological recordings to assess long-term synaptic plasticity. Our analyses showed that Purkinje cell-specific deletion of Cdk5/p35 resulted in no changes in Purkinje cell morphology but severely impaired motor coordination. Furthermore, disrupted cerebellar long-term synaptic plasticity was observed at the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse in L7-p35 cKO mice. These results indicate that Cdk5/p35 is required for motor learning and involved in long-term synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan He
- Laboratory for Molecular Brain Science, Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Wang WY, Luo Y, Jia LJ, Hu SF, Lou XK, Shen SL, Lu H, Zhang HH, Yang R, Wang H, Ma ZW, Xue QS, Yu BW. Inhibition of aberrant cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activity attenuates isoflurane neurotoxicity in the developing brain. Neuropharmacology 2013; 77:90-9. [PMID: 24055498 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant CDK5 activity is implicated in a number of neurodegenerative disorders. Isoflurane exposure leads to neuronal apoptosis, and subsequent learning and memory defects in the developing brain. The present study was designed to examine whether and how CDK5 activity plays a role in developmental isoflurane neurotoxicity. Rat pups and hippocampal neuronal cultures were exposed to 1.5% isoflurane for 4 h. The protein and mRNA levels of CDK5, p35 and p25 were detected by western blot and QReal-Time PCR. CDK5 activity was evaluated in vitro using Histone H1 as a substrate. Roscovitine (an inhibitor of CDK5) was applied before isoflurane treatment, cleaved Caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax, MEF2 and phospho-MEF2A-Ser-408 expressions were determined. Dominant-Negative CDK5 was transfected before isoflurane treatment. Neuronal apoptosis was evaluated by Flow cytometry (FCM) and TUNEL-staining. Cognitive functions were assessed by Morris water maze. We found that isoflurane treatment led to an aberrant CDK5 activation due to its activator p25 that was cleaved from p35 by calpain. Inhibition of CDK5 activity with Roscovitine enhanced Bcl-2, and decreased cleaved Caspase-3 and Bax expressions. In addition, isoflurane exposure resulted in a decrease of MEF2 and increase of phospho-MEF2A-Ser-408, which were rescued by Roscovitine or Dominant-Negative CDK5 transfection. Dominant-Negative CDK5 transfection also decreased the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells in isoflurane neurotoxicity. Moreover, Roscovitine remarkably alleviated the learning and memory deficits induced by postnatal isoflurane exposure. These results indicated that aberrant CDK5 activity-dependent MEF2 phosphorylation mediates developmental isoflurane neurotoxicity. Inhibition of CDK5 overactivation contributes to the relief of isoflurane neurotoxicity in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Shangtang Road 158, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Er Road 197, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Li-Jie Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Er Road 197, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shuang-Fei Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Shangtang Road 158, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiao-Kan Lou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Shangtang Road 158, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - She-Liang Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Shangtang Road 158, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Han Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Er Road 197, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hong-Hai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Wen Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Sheng Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Er Road 197, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bu-Wei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Er Road 197, Shanghai 200025, China.
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18
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Su SC, Rudenko A, Cho S, Tsai LH. Forebrain-specific deletion of Cdk5 in pyramidal neurons results in mania-like behavior and cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2013; 105:54-62. [PMID: 23850563 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is associated with synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. Previous reports have demonstrated that Cdk5 is necessary for memory formation, although others have reported Cdk5 conditional knockout mouse models exhibiting enhanced learning and memory. Furthermore, how Cdk5 acts in specific cell populations to affect behavior and cognitive outcomes remains unclear. Here we conduct a behavioral characterization of a forebrain-specific Cdk5 conditional knockout mouse model under the αCaMKII promoter, in which Cdk5 is ablated in excitatory pyramidal neurons of the forebrain. The Cdk5 conditional knockouts exhibit hyperactivity in the open field, reduced anxiety, and reduced behavioral despair. Moreover, the Cdk5 conditional knockouts also display impaired spatial learning in the Morris water maze and are severely impaired in contextual fear memory, which correspond to deficits in synaptic transmission. Remarkably, the hyperactivity of the Cdk5 conditional knockouts can be ameliorated by the administration of lithium chloride, an inhibitor of GSK3β signaling. Collectively, our data reveal that Cdk5 ablation from forebrain excitatory neurons results in deleterious effects on emotional and cognitive behavior and highlight a key role for Cdk5 in regulating the GSK3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C Su
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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19
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Petrik D, Jiang Y, Birnbaum SG, Powell CM, Kim MS, Hsieh J, Eisch AJ. Functional and mechanistic exploration of an adult neurogenesis-promoting small molecule. FASEB J 2012; 26:3148-62. [PMID: 22542682 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-201426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis occurs throughout life in the mammalian hippocampus and is essential for memory and mood control. There is significant interest in identifying ways to promote neurogenesis and ensure maintenance of these hippocampal functions. Previous work with a synthetic small molecule, isoxazole 9 (Isx-9), highlighted its neuronal-differentiating properties in vitro. However, the ability of Isx-9 to drive neurogenesis in vivo or improve hippocampal function was unknown. Here we show that Isx-9 promotes neurogenesis in vivo, enhancing the proliferation and differentiation of hippocampal subgranular zone (SGZ) neuroblasts, and the dendritic arborization of adult-generated dentate gyrus neurons. Isx-9 also improves hippocampal function, enhancing memory in the Morris water maze. Notably, Isx-9 enhances neurogenesis and memory without detectable increases in cellular or animal activity or vascularization. Molecular exploration of Isx-9-induced regulation of neurogenesis (via FACS and microarray of SGZ stem and progenitor cells) suggested the involvement of the myocyte-enhancer family of proteins (Mef2). Indeed, transgenic-mediated inducible knockout of all brain-enriched Mef2 isoforms (Mef2a/c/d) specifically from neural stem cells and their progeny confirmed Mef2's requirement for Isx-9-induced increase in hippocampal neurogenesis. Thus, Isx-9 enhances hippocampal neurogenesis and memory in vivo, and its effects are reliant on Mef2, revealing a novel cell-intrinsic molecular pathway regulating adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Petrik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9070, USA
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20
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Rowley NM, Madsen KK, Schousboe A, Steve White H. Glutamate and GABA synthesis, release, transport and metabolism as targets for seizure control. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:546-58. [PMID: 22365921 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, release, reuptake, and metabolism of the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA, respectively, are tightly controlled. Given the role that these two neurotransmitters play in normal and abnormal neurotransmission, it is important to consider the processes whereby they are regulated. This brief review is focused entirely on the metabolic aspects of glutamate and GABA synthesis and neurotransmission. It describes in limited detail the synthesis, release, reuptake, metabolism, cellular compartmentation and pharmacology of the glutamatergic and GABAergic synapse. This review also provides a summary and brief description of the pathologic and phenotypic features of the various genetic animal models that have been developed in an effort to provide a greater understanding of the role that each of the aforementioned metabolic processes plays in controlling excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission and how their use will hopefully facilitate the development of safer and more efficacious therapies for the treatment of epilepsy and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Rowley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program, University of Utah, 417 Wakara Way, Suite 3211, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
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21
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Guan JS, Su SC, Gao J, Joseph N, Xie Z, Zhou Y, Durak O, Zhang L, Zhu JJ, Clauser KR, Carr SA, Tsai LH. Cdk5 is required for memory function and hippocampal plasticity via the cAMP signaling pathway. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25735. [PMID: 21984943 PMCID: PMC3184170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory formation is modulated by pre- and post-synaptic signaling events in neurons. The neuronal protein kinase Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 (Cdk5) phosphorylates a variety of synaptic substrates and is implicated in memory formation. It has also been shown to play a role in homeostatic regulation of synaptic plasticity in cultured neurons. Surprisingly, we found that Cdk5 loss of function in hippocampal circuits results in severe impairments in memory formation and retrieval. Moreover, Cdk5 loss of function in the hippocampus disrupts cAMP signaling due to an aberrant increase in phosphodiesterase (PDE) proteins. Dysregulation of cAMP is associated with defective CREB phosphorylation and disrupted composition of synaptic proteins in Cdk5-deficient mice. Rolipram, a PDE4 inhibitor that prevents cAMP depletion, restores synaptic plasticity and memory formation in Cdk5-deficient mice. Collectively, our results demonstrate a critical role for Cdk5 in the regulation of cAMP-mediated hippocampal functions essential for synaptic plasticity and memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Song Guan
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Susan C. Su
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jun Gao
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nadine Joseph
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zhigang Xie
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ying Zhou
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Omer Durak
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - J. Julius Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Karl R. Clauser
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Carr
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Engmann O, Hortobágyi T, Pidsley R, Troakes C, Bernstein HG, Kreutz MR, Mill J, Nikolic M, Giese KP. Schizophrenia is associated with dysregulation of a Cdk5 activator that regulates synaptic protein expression and cognition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 134:2408-21. [PMID: 21772061 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 is activated by small subunits, of which p35 is the most abundant. The functions of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 signalling in cognition and cognitive disorders remains unclear. Here, we show that in schizophrenia, a disorder associated with impaired cognition, p35 expression is reduced in relevant brain regions. Additionally, the expression of septin 7 and OPA1, proteins downstream of truncated p35, is decreased in schizophrenia. Mimicking a reduction of p35 in heterozygous knockout mice is associated with cognitive endophenotypes. Furthermore, a reduction of p35 in mice results in protein changes similar to schizophrenia post-mortem brain. Hence, heterozygous p35 knockout mice model both cognitive endophenotypes and molecular changes reminiscent of schizophrenia. These changes correlate with reduced acetylation of the histone deacetylase 1 target site H3K18 in mice. This site has previously been shown to be affected by truncated p35. By restoring H3K18 acetylation with the clinically used specific histone deacetylase 1 inhibitor MS-275 both cognitive and molecular endophenotypes of schizophrenia can be rescued in p35 heterozygous knockout mice. In summary, we suggest that reduced p35 expression in schizophrenia has an impact on synaptic protein expression and cognition and that these deficits can be rescued, at least in part, by the inhibition of histone deacetylase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Engmann
- Department for Neuroscience, King’s College, London SE5 9NU, UK
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Engmann O, Hortobágyi T, Thompson AJ, Guadagno J, Troakes C, Soriano S, Al-Sarraj S, Kim Y, Giese KP. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator p25 is generated during memory formation and is reduced at an early stage in Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 70:159-68. [PMID: 21616478 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator p35 can be cleaved into p25. Formation of p25 has been suggested to contribute to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, overexpression of low levels of p25 in mice enhances memory formation. Therefore, it has been suggested that p25 formation might be an event early in AD to compensate for impairments in synaptic plasticity. Ongoing p25 formation has been hypothesized to contribute to neurodegeneration at the later stages of AD. METHODS Here, we tested the early compensation hypothesis by analyzing the levels of p25 and its precursor p35 in AD postmortem samples from different brain regions at different stages of tau pathology, using quantitative Western blots. Furthermore, we studied p35 and p25 during spatial memory formation. By employing quantitative mass spectrometry, we identified proteins downstream of p25, which were then studied in AD samples. RESULTS We found that p25 is generated during spatial memory formation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that overexpression of p25 in the physiological range increases the expression of two proteins implicated in spine formation, septin 7 and optic atrophy 1. We show that the expression of p35 and p25 is reduced as an early event in AD. Moreover, expression of the p25-regulated protein optic atrophy 1 was reduced in a time course similar to p25 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that p25 generation is a mechanism underlying hippocampal memory formation that is impaired in the early stages of AD. Our findings argue against the previously raised early compensation hypothesis and they propose that p25-mediated neurotoxicity does not occur in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Engmann
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical Research Council Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
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Barnett DGS, Bibb JA. The role of Cdk5 in cognition and neuropsychiatric and neurological pathology. Brain Res Bull 2011; 85:9-13. [PMID: 21145377 PMCID: PMC3073157 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a proline-directed serine/threonine kinase that is ubiquitous in the nervous system and interacts with a myriad of substrates. Its modulation of synaptic plasticity and associated mechanisms of learning and memory as well as neurodegeneration and cognitive disease highlights its importance in the human brain. Cdk5 is active throughout the neuron via its kinase activity, protein-protein interactions, and nuclear associations. It regulates functions thought vital to memory and plasticity, including synaptic vesicle recycling, dendritic spine formation, neurotransmitter receptor density, and neuronal excitability. Although conditional knockout of Cdk5 improves learning and plasticity, the associated deleterious effects of increased excitability cast doubts on the therapeutic efficacy of systemic inhibitors. However, through further work on the regulation of Cdk5 and its effectors, this important molecule promises to aid in elucidating key pathways involved in learning and memory and uncover innovative therapeutic targets to treat neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. S. Barnett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - James A. Bibb
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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25
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Lopes JP, Agostinho P. Cdk5: multitasking between physiological and pathological conditions. Prog Neurobiol 2011; 94:49-63. [PMID: 21473899 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a peculiar proline-directed serine/threonine kinase. Unlike the other members of the Cdk family, Cdk5 is not directly involved in cell cycle regulation, being normally associated with neuronal processes such as migration, cortical layering and synaptic plasticity. This kinase is present mainly in post-mitotic neurons and its activity is tightly regulated by the interaction with the specific activators, p35 and p39. Despite its pivotal role in CNS development, Cdk5 dysregulation has been implicated in different pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD) and, most recently, prion-related encephalopathies (PRE). In these neurodegenerative conditions, Cdk5 overactivation and relocalization occurs upon association with p25, a truncated form of the normal activator p35. This activator switching will cause a shift in the phosphorylative pattern of Cdk5, with an alteration both in targets and activity, ultimately leading to neuronal demise. In AD and PRE, two disorders that share clinical and neuropathological features, Cdk5 dysregulation is a linking event between the major neuropathological markers: amyloid plaques, tau hyperphosphorylation and synaptic and neuronal loss. Moreover, this kinase was shown to be involved in abortive cell cycle re-entry, a feature recently proposed as a possible step in the neuronal apoptosis mechanism of several neurological diseases. This review focuses on the role of Cdk5 in neurons, namely in the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics, synaptic function and cell survival, both in physiological and in pathological conditions, highlighting the relevance of Cdk5 in the main mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and other brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao P Lopes
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Institute, University of Coimbra, 3004 Coimbra, Portugal.
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26
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Drerup JM, Hayashi K, Cui H, Mettlach GL, Long MA, Marvin M, Sun X, Goldberg MS, Lutter M, Bibb JA. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity phenotype in mice lacking the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 cofactor p35. Biol Psychiatry 2010; 68:1163-71. [PMID: 20832057 PMCID: PMC2997929 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may result from delayed establishment of corticolimbic circuitry or perturbed dopamine (DA) neurotransmission. Despite the widespread use of stimulants to treat ADHD, little is known regarding their long-term effects on neurotransmitter levels and metabolism. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) regulates DA signaling through control of synthesis, postsynaptic responses, and vesicle release. Mice lacking the Cdk5-activating cofactor p35 are deficient in cortical lamination, suggesting altered motor/reward circuitry. METHODS We employed mice lacking p35 to study the effect of altered circuitry in vivo. Positron emission tomography measured glucose metabolism in the cerebral cortex using 2-deoxy-2-[¹⁸F] fluoro-d-glucose as the radiotracer. Retrograde dye tracing and tyrosine hydroxylase immunostains assessed the effect of p35 knockout on the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), especially in relation to mesolimbic circuit formation. We defined the influence of Cdk5/p35 activity on catecholaminergic neurotransmission and motor activity via examination of locomotor responses to psychostimulants, monoamine neurotransmitter levels, and DA signal transduction. RESULTS Here, we report that mice deficient in p35 display increased glucose uptake in the cerebral cortex, basal hyperactivity, and paradoxical decreased locomotion in response to chronic injection of cocaine or methylphenidate. Knockout mice also exhibited an increased susceptibility to changes in PFC neurotransmitter content after chronic methylphenidate exposure and altered basal DAergic activity in acute striatal and PFC slices. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that dysregulation of Cdk5/p35 activity during development may contribute to ADHD pathology, as indicated by the behavioral phenotype, improperly established mesolimbic circuitry, and aberrations in striatal and PFC catecholaminergic signaling in p35 knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M. Drerup
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
,Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Kanehiro Hayashi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Huxing Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Gabriel L. Mettlach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Michael A. Long
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Marian Marvin
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Matthew S. Goldberg
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Michael Lutter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - James A. Bibb
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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Gomi H, Sassa T, Thompson RF, Itohara S. Involvement of cyclin-dependent kinase-like 2 in cognitive function required for contextual and spatial learning in mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2010; 4:17. [PMID: 20428496 PMCID: PMC2859807 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2010.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 2 (Cdkl2) is a cdc2-related serine/threonine protein kinase that is postnatally expressed in various brain regions, including the cerebral cortex, entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and dorsal thalamus. The extremely high Cdkl2 expression in these regions suggests that it has a role in cognition and emotion. Recent genetic studies indicate that mutations of Cdkl family kinases are associated with neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders in humans. To elucidate the physiologic role of Cdkl2, we behaviorally analyzed Cdkl2(LacZ/LacZ) mice lacking Cdkl2. Cdkl2(LacZ/LacZ) mice had reduced latencies to enter the dark compartment after electric footshock in an inhibitory avoidance task and attenuated contextual fear responses when exposed to mild training conditions. Hippocampal spatial learning in the Morris water maze was slightly anomalous with mice exhibiting an abnormal swimming pattern. The aversive response in a two-way avoidance task was slightly, but not significantly, enhanced. On the other hand, Cdkl2(LacZ/LacZ) mice did not exhibit altered sensitivity to aversive stimuli, such as electric footshock and heat, or deficits in the elevated plus maze or rotating rod test. These findings suggest that Cdkl2 is involved in cognitive function and provide in vivo evidence for the function of Cdkl family kinases expressed in terminally differentiated neurons in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Gomi
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University Maebashi, Japan
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