1
|
Abdi Sarabi M, Shiri A, Aghapour M, Reichardt C, Brandt S, Mertens PR, Medunjanin S, Bruder D, Braun-Dullaeus RC, Weinert S. Normoxic HIF-1α Stabilization Caused by Local Inflammatory Factors and Its Consequences in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233878. [PMID: 36497143 PMCID: PMC9737288 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about normoxic hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α stabilization is limited. We investigated normoxic HIF-1α stabilization and its consequences using live cell imaging, immunoblotting, Bio-Plex multiplex immunoassay, immunofluorescence staining, and barrier integrity assays. We demonstrate for the first time that IL-8 and M-CSF caused HIF-1α stabilization and translocation into the nucleus under normoxic conditions in both human coronary endothelial cells (HCAECs) and HIF-1α-mKate2-expressing HEK-293 cells. In line with the current literature, our data show significant normoxic HIF-1α stabilization caused by TNF-α, INF-γ, IL-1β, and IGF-I in both cell lines, as well. Treatment with a cocktail consisting of TNF-α, INF-γ, and IL-1β caused significantly stronger HIF-1α stabilization in comparison to single treatments. Interestingly, this cumulative effect was not observed during simultaneous treatment with IL-8, M-CSF, and IGF-I. Furthermore, we identified two different kinetics of HIF-1α stabilization under normoxic conditions. Our data demonstrate elevated protein levels of HIF-1α-related genes known to be involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Moreover, we demonstrate an endothelial barrier dysfunction in HCAECs upon our treatments and during normoxic HIF-1α stabilization comparable to that under hypoxia. This study expands the knowledge of normoxic HIF-1α stabilization and activation and its consequences on the endothelial secretome and barrier function. Our data imply an active role of HIF-1α in vivo in the vasculature in the absence of hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Abdi Sarabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alireza Shiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mahyar Aghapour
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Reichardt
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Brandt
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter R. Mertens
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Senad Medunjanin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dunja Bruder
- Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ruediger C. Braun-Dullaeus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (R.C.B.-D.); (S.W.)
| | - Sönke Weinert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (R.C.B.-D.); (S.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kolman JP, Pagerols Raluy L, Müller I, Nikolaev VO, Trochimiuk M, Appl B, Wadehn H, Dücker CM, Stoll FD, Boettcher M, Reinshagen K, Trah J. NET Release of Long-Term Surviving Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2022; 13:815412. [PMID: 35242132 PMCID: PMC8887621 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.815412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)—as double-edged swords of innate immunity—are involved in numerous processes such as infection, inflammation and tissue repair. Research on neutrophil granulocytes is limited because of their short lifetime of only a few hours. Several attempts have been made to prolong the half-life of neutrophils using cytokines and bacterial products and have shown promising results. These long-term surviving neutrophils are reported to maintain phagocytic activity and cytokine release; however, little is known regarding their capability to release NETs. Methods We analysed the prolongation of neutrophil survival in vitro under various culture conditions using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) by flow cytometry and a viability assay. Additionally, we assessed NET formation following stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) by immunofluorescence staining, myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA sandwich-ELISA and fluorometric assays for cell-free DNA (cfDNA), neutrophil elastase (NE) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Results Untreated neutrophils could form NETs after stimulation with PMA for up to 24 h. Incubation with LPS extended their ability to form NETs for up to 48 h. At 48 h, NET release of neutrophils cultured with LPS was significantly higher compared to that of untreated cells; however, no significantly different enzymatic activity of NE and MPO was observed. Similarly, incubation with G-CSF resulted in significantly higher NET release at 48 h compared to untreated cells. Furthermore, NETs showed significantly higher enzymatic activity of NE and MPO after incubation with G-CSF. Lastly, incubation with TNF-α had no influence on NET release compared to untreated cells although survival counts were altered by TNF-α. Conclusions G-CSF, LPS or TNF-α each at low concentrations lead to prolonged survival of cultured neutrophils, resulting in considerable differences in NET formation and composition. These results provide new information for the use of neutrophils in long-term experiments for NET formation and provide novel insights for neutrophil behaviour under inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Philipp Kolman
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laia Pagerols Raluy
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Müller
- Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Trochimiuk
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Appl
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Wadehn
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Maria Dücker
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian David Stoll
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Boettcher
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Reinshagen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Trah
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen X, Sun W, Zhong P, Wu D. Colony-Stimulating Factors on Mobilizing CD34 + Cells and Improving Neurological Functions in Patients With Stroke: A Meta-Analysis and a Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:704509. [PMID: 34366857 PMCID: PMC8339259 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.704509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: CSF therapy is considered a promising therapeutic approach for stroke. We performed a meta-analysis to explore the safety and efficacy of CSF in published clinical stroke studies. Methods: We searched articles online and manually. Two reviewers selected studies independently, selecting data based on study quality, characteristics of intervention (administration time, observation time, type, dose, and injection approach of CSF), and the baseline characteristics of patients (age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, smoker, and lipids) were extracted. Main prognosis outcomes were measured as all-cause death in severe adverse events (SAE) and recurrent stroke in SAE. Secondary outcomes were measured as CD34+ cell counts in periphery blood at day 5, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and Barthel index (BI), Side effects of CSF were taken as the indicator of safety. STATA13 software was used to perform the meta-analysis.Keywords: Stroke, Colony-stimulating factor, Meta-analysis, therapy, Neurological Diseases Results: This meta-analysis involved 485 patients from eight studies. Among them, 475 patients from seven studies were gauged SAE (all-cause death), 393 patients from six studies were checked SAE (recurrent stroke); 137 patients from three studies underwent CD34+ measurement, 389 patients from six studies were tested NIHSS and 307 patients from five studies accessed BI. Compared with the control group, both all-causes death (RR= 1.73, 95%CI= (0.61, 4.92), P=0.735, I2=0.0%) and recurrent stroke (RR= 0.43, 95%CI= (0.14, 1.32), P=0.214, I2=33.1%) present no statistical differences, indicating that the application of CSF does not statistically alter the prognosis of patients with stroke. The application of CSF effectively enhanced CD34+ cell counts in periphery blood at day 5 (SMD= 1.23, 95%CI= (0.54, 1.92), P=0.04, I2=69.0%) but did not statistically impact NIHSS (SMD= -0.40, 95%CI= (-0.93, 0.13), P ≤ 0.001, I2=79.7%) or BI (SMD= 0.04, 95%CI= (-0.38, 0.46), P=0.068, I2=54.3%). Conclusion: Our study consolidates the security of CSF administration for its exerting no effect on detrimental outcomes. It has proven to be effective in elevating CD34+ cell counts in periphery blood at day 5, indicating CSF may participate in stroke recovery, but its efficacy in stroke recovery remains detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Danhong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dumbuya JS, Chen L, Wu JY, Wang B. The role of G-CSF neuroprotective effects in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE): current status. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:55. [PMID: 33612099 PMCID: PMC7897393 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is an important cause of permanent damage to central nervous system (CNS) that may result in neonatal death or manifest later as mental retardation, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, or developmental delay. The primary cause of this condition is systemic hypoxemia and/or reduced cerebral blood flow with long-lasting neurological disabilities and neurodevelopmental impairment in neonates. About 20 to 25% of infants with HIE die in the neonatal period, and 25-30% of survivors are left with permanent neurodevelopmental abnormalities. The mechanisms of hypoxia-ischemia (HI) include activation and/or stimulation of myriad of cascades such as increased excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor hyperexcitability, mitochondrial collapse, inflammation, cell swelling, impaired maturation, and loss of trophic support. Different therapeutic modalities have been implicated in managing neonatal HIE, though translation of most of these regimens into clinical practices is still limited. Therapeutic hypothermia, for instance, is the most widely used standard treatment in neonates with HIE as studies have shown that it can inhibit many steps in the excito-oxidative cascade including secondary energy failure, increases in brain lactic acid, glutamate, and nitric oxide concentration. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a glycoprotein that has been implicated in stimulation of cell survival, proliferation, and function of neutrophil precursors and mature neutrophils. Extensive studies both in vivo and ex vivo have shown the neuroprotective effect of G-CSF in neurodegenerative diseases and neonatal brain damage via inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation. Yet, there are still few experimentation models of neonatal HIE and G-CSF's effectiveness, and extrapolation of adult stroke models is challenging because of the evolving brain. Here, we review current studies and/or researches of G-CSF's crucial role in regulating these cytokines and apoptotic mediators triggered following neonatal brain injury, as well as driving neurogenesis and angiogenesis post-HI insults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Sieh Dumbuya
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Jang-Yen Wu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu CD, Tu XF, Chen F. Neovascularization by Sustained Delivery of G-CSF, EPO and VEGF Using Dextran/PLGA Microspheres. Ann Vasc Surg 2020; 64:328-338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2019.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
6
|
Wei ZZ, Chen D, Liu LP, Gu X, Zhong W, Zhang YB, Wang Y, Yu SP, Wei L. Enhanced Neurogenesis and Collaterogenesis by Sodium Danshensu Treatment After Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice. Cell Transplant 2019; 27:622-636. [PMID: 29984620 PMCID: PMC7020234 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718771889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke remains a serious threat to human life. There are limited effective
therapies for the treatment of stroke. We have previously demonstrated that angiogenesis
and neurogenesis in the brain play an important role in functional recovery following
ischemic stroke. Recent studies indicate that increased arteriogenesis and collateral
circulation are determining factors for restoring reperfusion and outcomes of stroke
patients. Danshensu, the Salvia miltiorrhiza root extract, is used in
treatments of various human ischemic events in traditional Chinese medicine. Its
therapeutic mechanism, however, is not well clarified. Due to its proposed effect on
angiogenesis and arteriogenesis, we hypothesized that danshensu could benefit stroke
recovery through stimulating neurogenesis and collaterogenesis in the post-ischemia brain.
Focal ischemic stroke targeting the right sensorimotor cortex was induced in wild-type
C57BL6 mice and transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) to label smooth
muscle cells of brain arteries. Sodium danshensu (SDS, 700 mg/kg) was administered
intraperitoneally (i.p.) 10 min after stroke and once daily until animals were sacrificed.
To label proliferating cells, 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU; 50 mg/kg, i.p.) was
administered, starting on day 3 after ischemia and continued once daily until sacrifice.
At 14 days after stroke, SDS significantly increased the expression of vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF), stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), brain-derived
neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the
peri-infarct region. SDS-treated animals showed increased number of doublecortin
(DCX)-positive cells. Greater numbers of proliferating endothelial cells and smooth muscle
cells were detected in SDS-treated mice 21 days after stroke in comparison with vehicle
controls. The number of newly formed neurons labeled by NeuN and BrdU antibodies increased
in SDS-treated mice 28 days after stroke. SDS significantly increased the newly formed
arteries and the diameter of collateral arteries, leading to enhanced local cerebral blood
flow recovery after stroke. These results suggest that systemic sodium danshensu treatment
shows significant regenerative effects in the post-ischemic brain, which may benefit
long-term functional recovery from ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zachory Wei
- 1 Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,3 Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dongdong Chen
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- 4 Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohuan Gu
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Weiwei Zhong
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yong-Bo Zhang
- 1 Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- 4 Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Ping Yu
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ling Wei
- 1 Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,3 Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,5 Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim J, Kim NK, Park SR, Choi BH. GM-CSF Enhances Mobilization of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells via a CXCR4-Medicated Mechanism. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 16:59-68. [PMID: 30815351 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-018-0163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was conducted to investigate the effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on the mobilization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the bone marrow (BM) into the peripheral blood (PB) in rats. Methods GM-CSF was administered subcutaneously to rats at 50 μg/kg body weight for 5 consecutive days. The BM and PB of rats were collected at 1, 3, and 5 days during the administration for analysis. Results Upon GM-CSF administration, the number of mononuclear cells increased rapidly at day 1 both in the BM and PB. This number decreased gradually over time in the BM to below the initial amount by day 5, but was maintained at a high level in the PB until day 5. The colony-forming unit-fibroblasts were increased in the PB by 10.3-fold at day 5 of GM-CSF administration, but decreased in the BM. Compared to GM-CSF, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) stimulated lower levels of MSC mobilization from the BM to the PB. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that GM-CSF induced a hypoxic and proteolytic microenvironment and increased C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) expression in the BM. GM-CSF added to BM MSCs in vitro dose-dependently increased CXCR4 expression and cell migration. G-CSF and stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) showed similar results in these in vitro assays. Know-down of CXCR4 expression with siRNA significantly abolished GM-CSF- and G-CSF-induced MSC migration in vitro, indicating the involvement of the SDF-1-CXCR4 interaction in the mechanism. Conclusion These results suggest that GM-CSF is a useful tool for mobilizing BM MSCs into the PB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Kim
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Inha University College of Medicine, 100 Inha-ro Nam-gu, Incheon, 22212 Korea
| | - Na Kyeong Kim
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Inha University College of Medicine, 100 Inha-ro Nam-gu, Incheon, 22212 Korea
| | - So Ra Park
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Inha University College of Medicine, 100 Inha-ro Nam-gu, Incheon, 22212 Korea
| | - Byung Hyune Choi
- 2Department of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, 100 Inha-ro Nam-gu, Incheon, 22212 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wei ZZ, Zhu YB, Zhang JY, McCrary MR, Wang S, Zhang YB, Yu SP, Wei L. Priming of the Cells: Hypoxic Preconditioning for Stem Cell Therapy. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 130:2361-2374. [PMID: 28937044 PMCID: PMC5634089 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.215324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Stem cell-based therapies are promising in regenerative medicine for protecting and repairing damaged brain tissues after injury or in the context of chronic diseases. Hypoxia can induce physiological and pathological responses. A hypoxic insult might act as a double-edged sword, it induces cell death and brain damage, but on the other hand, sublethal hypoxia can trigger an adaptation response called hypoxic preconditioning or hypoxic tolerance that is of immense importance for the survival of cells and tissues. Data Sources: This review was based on articles published in PubMed databases up to August 16, 2017, with the following keywords: “stem cells,” “hypoxic preconditioning,” “ischemic preconditioning,” and “cell transplantation.” Study Selection: Original articles and critical reviews on the topics were selected. Results: Hypoxic preconditioning has been investigated as a primary endogenous protective mechanism and possible treatment against ischemic injuries. Many cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of hypoxic preconditioning have been identified. Conclusions: In cell transplantation therapy, hypoxic pretreatment of stem cells and neural progenitors markedly increases the survival and regenerative capabilities of these cells in the host environment, leading to enhanced therapeutic effects in various disease models. Regenerative treatments can mobilize endogenous stem cells for neurogenesis and angiogenesis in the adult brain. Furthermore, transplantation of stem cells/neural progenitors achieves therapeutic benefits via cell replacement and/or increased trophic support. Combinatorial approaches of cell-based therapy with additional strategies such as neuroprotective protocols, anti-inflammatory treatment, and rehabilitation therapy can significantly improve therapeutic benefits. In this review, we will discuss the recent progress regarding cell types and applications in regenerative medicine as well as future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Z Wei
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Yan-Bing Zhu
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - James Y Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Myles R McCrary
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Song Wang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Yong-Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shan-Ping Yu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University; Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Different effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and erythropoietin on erythropoiesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:119. [PMID: 29720275 PMCID: PMC5930863 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Red blood cells are the most abundant cells in the blood that deliver oxygen to the whole body. Erythropoietin (EPO), a positive regulator of erythropoiesis, is currently the major treatment for chronic anemia. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a multifunctional cytokine and a well-known regulator of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and mobilization. The use of EPO in combination with G-CSF has been reported to synergistically improve erythroid responses in a group of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes who did not respond to EPO treatment alone; however, the mechanism remains unclear. Methods C57BL/6 J mice injected with G-CSF or EPO were used to compare the erythropoiesis status and the efficiency of erythroid mobilization by flow cytometry. Results In this study, we found that G-CSF induced more orthochromatophilic erythroblast production than did EPO in the bone marrow and spleen. In addition, in contrast to EPO treatments, G-CSF treatments enhanced the efficiency of the mobilization of newly synthesized reticulocytes into peripheral blood. Our results demonstrated that the effects of G-CSF on erythropoiesis and erythrocytic mobilization were independent of EPO secretion and, in contrast to EPO, G-CSF promoted progression of erythropoiesis through transition of early stage R2 (basophilic erythroblasts) to late stage R4 (orthochromatophilic erythroblasts). Conclusions We demonstrate for the first time that G-CSF treatments induce a faster erythropoiesis-enhancing response than that of EPO. These findings suggest an alternative approach to treating acute anemia, especially when patients are experiencing a clinical emergency in remote areas without proper blood bank supplies.
Collapse
|
10
|
Caprnda M, Kubatka P, Gazdikova K, Gasparova I, Valentova V, Stollarova N, La Rocca G, Kobyliak N, Dragasek J, Mozos I, Prosecky R, Siniscalco D, Büsselberg D, Rodrigo L, Kruzliak P. Immunomodulatory effects of stem cells: Therapeutic option for neurodegenerative disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:60-69. [PMID: 28448871 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have the capability of self-renewal and can differentiate into different cell types that might be used in regenerative medicine. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) currently lack effective treatments. Although stem cell therapy is still on the way from bench to bedside, we consider that it might provide new hope for patients suffering with neurodegenerative diseases. In this article, we will give an overview of recent studies on the potential therapeutic use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and perinatal stem cells to neurodegenerative disorders and we will describe their immunomodulatory mechanisms of action in specific therapeutic modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Caprnda
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia; Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Gazdikova
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nursing and Professional Health Studies, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Iveta Gasparova
- Institute of Biology, Genetics and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vanda Valentova
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Nadezda Stollarova
- Catholic University in Ružomberok, Faculty of Pedagogy, Department of Biology and Ecology, Ružomberok, Slovakia
| | - Giampiero La Rocca
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo and Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Nazarii Kobyliak
- Endocrinology Department, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Jozef Dragasek
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University and University Hospital, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pathophysiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Robert Prosecky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Merciful Brotherś Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dario Siniscalco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- University of Oviedo, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine,St. Annés University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Exploring Erythropoietin and G-CSF Combination Therapy in Chronic Stroke Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:463. [PMID: 27043535 PMCID: PMC4848919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) are known to have neuroprotective actions. Based on previous reports showing the synergistic effects of EPO+G-CSF combination therapy in experimental models, we investigated the safety of EPO+G-CSF combination therapy in patients with chronic stroke. In a pilot study, 3 patients were treated with EPO and G-CSF for 5 consecutive days, with follow-up on day 30. In an exploratory double-blind study, 6 patients were allocated to treatment with either EPO+G-CSF or placebo. Treatment was applied once a day for 5 days per month over 3 months. Participants were followed up for 6 months. To substantiate safety, vital signs, adverse events, and hematological values were measured on days 0, 5, and 30 in each cycle and on day 180. Functional outcomes were determined on day 0 and 180. In the laboratory measurements, EPO+G-CSF combination therapy significantly elevated erythropoietin, CD34⁺ hematopoietic stem cells, white blood cells, and neutrophils on day 5 of each cycle. There were no observations of serious adverse events. In the functional outcomes, the grip power of the dominant hand was increased in the EPO+G-CSF treatment group. In conclusion, this exploratory study suggests a novel strategy of EPO+G-CSF combination therapy for stroke patients.
Collapse
|
12
|
Yu JH, Seo JH, Lee JY, Lee MY, Cho SR. Induction of Neurorestoration From Endogenous Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 2016; 25:863-82. [PMID: 26787093 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x690511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) persist in the subventricular zone lining the ventricles of the adult brain. The resident stem/progenitor cells can be stimulated in vivo by neurotrophic factors, hematopoietic growth factors, magnetic stimulation, and/or physical exercise. In both animals and humans, the differentiation and survival of neurons arising from the subventricular zone may also be regulated by the trophic factors. Since stem/progenitor cells present in the adult brain and the production of new neurons occurs at specific sites, there is a possibility for the treatment of incurable neurological diseases. It might be feasible to induce neurogenesis, which would be particularly efficacious in the treatment of striatal neurodegenerative conditions such as Huntington's disease, as well as cerebrovascular diseases such as ischemic stroke and cerebral palsy, conditions that are widely seen in the clinics. Understanding of the molecular control of endogenous NSC activation and progenitor cell mobilization will likely provide many new opportunities as therapeutic strategies. In this review, we focus on endogenous stem/progenitor cell activation that occurs in response to exogenous factors including neurotrophic factors, hematopoietic growth factors, magnetic stimulation, and an enriched environment. Taken together, these findings suggest the possibility that functional brain repair through induced neurorestoration from endogenous stem cells may soon be a clinical reality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hea Yu
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Liu CH, Shyu WC, Fu RH, Huang SJ, Chang CH, Huang YC, Chen SY, Lin SZ, Liu SP. Salvianolic acid B maintained stem cell pluripotency and increased proliferation rate by activating Jak2-Stat3 combined with EGFR-Erk1/2 pathways. Cell Transplant 2015; 23:657-68. [PMID: 24816457 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x678391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are considered the most powerful in terms of differentiating into three-germ-layer cells. However, maintaining self-renewing ESCs and iPSCs in vitro requires leukemia-induced factor (LIF), an expensive reagent. Here we describe a less expensive compound that may serve as a LIF substitute-salvianolic acid B (Sal B), a Salvia miltiorrhiza extract. We found that Sal B is capable of upregulating Oct4 and Sox2, two genes considered important for the maintenance of ESC pluripotency. Our MTT data indicate that instead of triggering cell death, Sal B induced cell proliferation, especially at optimum concentrations of 0.01 nM and 0.1 nM. Other results indicate that compared to non-LIF controls, Sal B-treated ESCs expressed higher levels of several stem cell markers while still maintaining differentiation into three-germ-layer cells after six passages. Further, we found that Sal B triggers the Jak2-Stat3 and EGFR-ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Following Sal B treatment, (a) levels of phosphorylated (p)-Jak2, p-Stat3, p-EGFR, and p-ERK proteins all increased; (b) these increases were suppressed by AG490 (a Jak2 inhibitor) and ZD1839 (an EGFR inhibitor); and (c) cytokines associated with the Jak2-Stat3 signaling pathway were upregulated. Our findings suggest that Sal B can be used as a LIF replacement for maintaining ESC pluripotency while increasing cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia Hui Liu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Time-dependent effect of combination therapy with erythropoietin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in a mouse model of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Neurosci Bull 2014; 30:107-17. [PMID: 24435306 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-013-1397-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) are likely to play broad roles in the brain. We investigated the effects of combination therapy with EPO and G-CSF in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury during the acute, subacute, and chronic phases. A total of 79 C57BL/6 mice with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury were randomly assigned acute (days 1-5), subacute (days 11-15) and chronic (days 28-32) groups. All of them were treated with G-CSF (250 μg/kg) and EPO (5000 U/kg) or saline daily for 5 consecutive days. Behavioral assessments and immunohistochemistry for angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and astrogliosis were performed with an 8-week follow-up. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) was also measured by Western blot analysis. The results showed that the combination therapy with EPO and G-CSF in the acute phase significantly improved rotarod performance and forelimb-use symmetry compared to the other groups, while subacute EPO and G-CSF therapy exhibited a modest improvement compared with the chronic saline controls. The acute treatment significantly increased the density of CD31(+) (PECAM-1) and α-smooth muscle actin(+) vessels in the frontal cortex and striatum, increased BrdU(+)/PSA-NCAM(+) neurogenesis in the subventricular zone, and decreased astroglial density in the striatum. Furthermore, acute treatment significantly increased the HIF-1 expression in the cytosol and nucleus, whereas chronic treatment did not change the HIF-1 expression, consistent with the behavioral outcomes. These results indicate that the induction of HIF-1 expression by combination therapy with EPO and G-CSF synergistically enhances not only behavioral function but also neurogenesis and angiogenesis while decreasing the astroglial response in a time-dependent manner.
Collapse
|
16
|
Dibajnia P, Morshead CM. Role of neural precursor cells in promoting repair following stroke. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:78-90. [PMID: 23064725 PMCID: PMC4086492 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies for the treatment of stroke have received considerable attention. Two broad approaches to stem cell-based therapies have been taken: the transplantation of exogenous stem cells, and the activation of endogenous neural stem and progenitor cells (together termed neural precursors). Studies examining the transplantation of exogenous cells have demonstrated that neural stem and progenitor cells lead to the most clinically promising results. Endogenous activation of neural precursors has also been explored based on the fact that resident precursor cells have the inherent capacity to proliferate, migrate and differentiate into mature neurons in the uninjured adult brain. Studies have revealed that these neural precursor cell behaviours can be activated following stroke, whereby neural precursors will expand in number, migrate to the infarct site and differentiate into neurons. However, this innate response is insufficient to lead to functional recovery, making it necessary to enhance the activation of endogenous precursors to promote tissue repair and functional recovery. Herein we will discuss the current state of the stem cell-based approaches with a focus on endogenous repair to treat the stroke injured brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooya Dibajnia
- Department of Surgery, Division of Anatomy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Cindi M Morshead
- Department of Surgery, Division of Anatomy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Cytokines are important mediators of host defense and immunity, and were first identified for their role in immunity to infections. It was then found that some of them are pathogenic mediators in inflammatory diseases and much of the emphasis is now on pro-inflammatory cytokines, also in consideration of the fact that TNF inhibitors became effective drugs in chronic inflammatory diseases. The recent studies on the tissue-protective activities of erythropoietin (EPO) led to the term "tissue-protective cytokine." We discuss here how tissue-protective actions might be common to other cytokines, particularly those of the 4-alpha helical structural superfamily.
Collapse
|
18
|
Hari Kishore A, Li XH, Word RA. Hypoxia and PGE(2) regulate MiTF-CX during cervical ripening. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:2031-45. [PMID: 23144021 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which the cervix remains closed during the massive uterine expansion of pregnancy are unknown. IL-8 is important for recruitment of immune cells into the cervical stroma, matrix remodeling, and dilation of the cervix during labor. Previously, we have shown that several cytokine genes transcriptionally repressed in the cervix during gestation are activated during cervical ripening and dilation. IL-8 gene expression is repressed in cervical stromal cells during pregnancy by the transcription factor microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MiTF-CX). Here, we tested the hypothesis that hypoxia and the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) may regulate MiTF-CX and cervical ripening. Using tissues from women during pregnancy before and after cervical ripening, we show that, during cervical ripening, HIF-1α was stabilized and relocalized to the nucleus. Further, we found that hypoxia and two hypoxia mimetics that stabilize HIF-1α activated the transcriptional repressor differentiated embryo chondrocyte-expressed gene 1, which bound to sites in the MiTF-CX promoter crucial for its positive autoregulation. Ectopic overexpression of MiTF-CX abrogated hypoxia-induced up-regulation of IL-8 gene expression. We also show that activation of HIF-1α induced cyclooxygenase-2 and that prostaglandin E(2) repressed MiTF-CX. We conclude that hypoxia and stabilization of the transcription factor HIF-1α result in up-regulation of differentiated embryo chondrocyte-expressed gene 1, loss of MiTF, and absence of MiTF binding to the IL-8 promoter, which in turn leads to up-regulation of IL-8 gene expression. Hypoxia also up-regulated cyclooxygenase-2, leading to prostaglandin E(2)-mediated loss of MiTF in cervical stromal cells. The results support a pivotal role for hypoxia and HIF-1α in the cervical ripening process during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annavarapu Hari Kishore
- The Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9032, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu SP, Fu RH, Huang SJ, Huang YC, Chen SY, Chang CH, Liu CH, Tsai CH, Shyu WC, Lin SZ. Stem cell applications in regenerative medicine for neurological disorders. Cell Transplant 2012; 22:631-7. [PMID: 23127757 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x655145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into a wide range of cell types with multiple clinical and therapeutic applications. Stem cells are providing hope for many diseases that currently lack effective therapeutic methods, including stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Embryonic stem (ES) cells were originally targeted for differentiation into functional dopamine neurons for cell therapy. Today, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are being tested for such purposes as generating functional dopamine neurons and treating a rat model of Parkinson's disease. In addition, neural stem cell and mesenchymal stem cells are also being used in neurodegenerative disorder therapies for stroke and Parkinson's disease. Although stem cell therapy is still in its infancy, it will likely become a powerful tool for many diseases that currently do not have effective therapeutic approaches. In this article, we discuss current research on the potential application of neural stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, ES cells, and iPS cells to neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ping Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gutiérrez-Fernández M, Fuentes B, Rodríguez-Frutos B, Ramos-Cejudo J, Vallejo-Cremades MT, Díez-Tejedor E. Trophic factors and cell therapy to stimulate brain repair after ischaemic stroke. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:2280-90. [PMID: 22452968 PMCID: PMC3823421 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain repair involves a compendium of natural mechanisms that are activated following stroke. From a therapeutic viewpoint, reparative therapies that encourage cerebral plasticity are needed. In the last years, it has been demonstrated that modulatory treatments for brain repair such as trophic factor- and stem cell-based therapies can promote neurogenesis, gliogenesis, oligodendrogenesis, synaptogenesis and angiogenesis, all of which having a beneficial impact on infarct volume, cell death and, finally, and most importantly, on the functional recovery. However, even when promising results have been obtained in a wide range of experimental animal models and conditions these preliminary results have not yet demonstrated their clinical efficacy. Here, we focus on brain repair modulatory treatments for ischaemic stroke, that use trophic factors, drugs with trophic effects and stem cell therapy. Important and still unanswered questions for translational research ranging from experimental animal models to recent and ongoing clinical trials are reviewed here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, La Paz University Hospital Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ (Health Research Institute) Autónoma University of MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Fuentes
- Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ (Health Research Institute) Autónoma University of MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Berta Rodríguez-Frutos
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, La Paz University Hospital Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ (Health Research Institute) Autónoma University of MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Ramos-Cejudo
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, La Paz University Hospital Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ (Health Research Institute) Autónoma University of MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Vallejo-Cremades
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, La Paz University Hospital Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ (Health Research Institute) Autónoma University of MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Exuperio Díez-Tejedor
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, La Paz University Hospital Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ (Health Research Institute) Autónoma University of MadridMadrid, Spain
- Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ (Health Research Institute) Autónoma University of MadridMadrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kang HJ, Yoon EJ, Lee EJ, Kim MK, Suh JW, Park KW, Lee HY, Park KU, Cho YS, Koo BK, Chae IH, Choi DJ, Han KS, Kim HS, Park YB. Cotreatment with darbepoetin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is efficient to recruit proangiogenic cell populations in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:1055-61. [PMID: 22449332 DOI: 10.3727/096368911x627499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED To determine whether newer combination cytokine treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and darbepoetin can improve efficacy of stem cell therapy, we evaluated safety and peripheral blood stem/progenitor cell (PBSC) mobilizing effects of combination cytokine in comparison with G-CSF alone in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We randomized 60 patients with AMI into two groups under 2:1 ratio; combination treatment with darbepoetin and G-CSF (n = 41: Combicytokine group) and the G-CSF alone (n = 19: G-CSF group). After coronary angioplasty, G-CSF was treated for 3 days with dose of 10 μg/kg/day in both groups. Only in the combicytokine group, additional single intravenous injection of 4.5 μg/kg of darbepoetin was administrated immediate after coronary angioplasty. Combination cytokine treatment was well tolerated as was G-CSF alone. PBSCs were obtained by apheresis for intracoronary infusion after completion of cytokine treatment and were analyzed by flow cytometry. The purity of proangiogenic cells was higher in combination cytokine group than the G-CSF group. Specifically, proportion of CD34(+)/KDR(+) endothelial progenitor cells, CD3(+)/CD31(+) angiogenic T cells and Tie2(+)/CXCR4(+) cells in apheresis products were higher in the combicytokine group. These meant that the combicytokine treatment recruited PBSCs in higher purity and fewer unwanted inflammatory cells than G-CSF alone in apheresis products. Combination treatment with darbepoetin and G-CSF is safe and more efficient to mobilize and recruit proangiogenic cells than G-CSF alone in patients with AMI. ( TRIAL REGISTRATION www.ClinicalTrials. gov identifier: NCT00501917).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jae Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hematopoietic Growth Factor Family for Stroke Drug Development. Transl Stroke Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9530-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
23
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Blood cell production is maintained by hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that reside in specialized niches within bone marrow. Treatment with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) causes HSC egress from bone marrow niches and trafficking to the peripheral blood, a process termed 'mobilization'. Although the mobilization phenomenon has been known for some time and is utilized clinically to acquire HSC for transplant, the mechanisms mediating HSC release are not completely understood. We discuss recent advances and controversies in defining the mechanisms responsible for G-CSF-induced mobilization. RECENT FINDINGS New reports define a role for resident monocytes/macrophages in maintaining niche cells, which is diminished after G-CSF treatment, suggesting a new mechanism for mobilization. Although osteoblasts have been reported to be a primary component of the HSC niche, new results suggest a unique niche composed of innervated mesenchymal stem cells. Modulating bioactive lipid signaling also facilitates mobilization, and may define a future therapeutic strategy. SUMMARY Hematopoietic mobilization by G-CSF is primarily mediated by alterations to the bone marrow niche by both direct and indirect mechanisms, rather than directly altering HSC function. Further understanding of the processes mediating mobilization will advance our understanding on the cellular and molecular components of the HSC niche.
Collapse
|
24
|
Sargin D, Friedrichs H, El-Kordi A, Ehrenreich H. Erythropoietin as neuroprotective and neuroregenerative treatment strategy: comprehensive overview of 12 years of preclinical and clinical research. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2010; 24:573-94. [PMID: 21619868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO), originally discovered as hematopoietic growth factor, has direct effects on cells of the nervous system that make it a highly attractive candidate drug for neuroprotection/neuroregeneration. Hardly any other compound has led to so much preclinical work in the field of translational neuroscience than EPO. Almost all of the >180 preclinical studies performed by many independent research groups from all over the world in the last 12 years have yielded positive results on EPO as a neuroprotective drug. The fact that EPO was approved for the treatment of anemia >20 years ago and found to be well tolerated and safe, facilitated the first steps of translation from preclinical findings to the clinic. On the other hand, the same fact, naturally associated with loss of patent protection, hindered to develop EPO as a highly promising therapeutic strategy for application in human brain disease. Therefore, only few clinical neuroprotection studies have been concluded, all with essentially positive and stimulating results, but no further development towards the clinic has occurred thus far. This article reviews the preclinical and clinical work on EPO for the indications neuroprotection/neuroregeneration and cognition, and hopefully will stimulate new endeavours promoting development of EPO for the treatment of human brain diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derya Sargin
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein Str. 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|