1
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Paliwal P, Thakur S, Sharma S. Bright and enlarged fetal kidneys: One phenotype different genotypes, and counseling dilemmas. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2024. [PMID: 39234693 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the present study we describe atypical cases with bright and enlarged fetal kidneys identified on fetal ultrasound with different genetic etiologies. METHODS Exome sequencing was undertaken after prenatal counseling and after the initial diagnosis of enlarged fetal kidneys was made on ultrasound for four cases and the results were then correlated. RESULTS In the present study we identified underlying variants in ACE, ETFA, PKD1, and MKS1 gene where the atypical presentation of fetal kidneys was noted either as a part of spectrum of syndrome or alone. CONCLUSIONS In the era of exome sequencing, targeted gene sequencing is getting replaced and for better. However not all answers are direct, and sometimes the variant categorization is dependent on the acumen and agreement of all those involved in the process. It includes those involved the diagnostic as well those catering to the patients. It is very important to be updated on the relevance of multiple gene in causing similar phenotypes particularly in the prenatal context were coming up with a timely diagnosis is very important for any sort of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seema Thakur
- Fortis Hospitals, The Genetic clinic, New Delhi, India
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2
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Danilov SM, Adzhubei IA, Kozuch AJ, Petukhov PA, Popova IA, Choudhury A, Sengupta D, Dudek SM. Carriers of Heterozygous Loss-of-Function ACE Mutations Are at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2024; 12:162. [PMID: 38255267 PMCID: PMC10813023 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that subjects with heterozygous loss-of-function (LoF) ACE mutations are at risk for Alzheimer's disease because amyloid Aβ42, a primary component of the protein aggregates that accumulate in the brains of AD patients, is cleaved by ACE (angiotensin I-converting enzyme). Thus, decreased ACE activity in the brain, either due to genetic mutation or the effects of ACE inhibitors, could be a risk factor for AD. To explore this hypothesis in the current study, existing SNP databases were analyzed for LoF ACE mutations using four predicting tools, including PolyPhen-2, and compared with the topology of known ACE mutations already associated with AD. The combined frequency of >400 of these LoF-damaging ACE mutations in the general population is quite significant-up to 5%-comparable to the frequency of AD in the population > 70 y.o., which indicates that the contribution of low ACE in the development of AD could be under appreciated. Our analysis suggests several mechanisms by which ACE mutations may be associated with Alzheimer's disease. Systematic analysis of blood ACE levels in patients with all ACE mutations is likely to have clinical significance because available sequencing data will help detect persons with increased risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Patients with transport-deficient ACE mutations (about 20% of damaging ACE mutations) may benefit from preventive or therapeutic treatment with a combination of chemical and pharmacological (e.g., centrally acting ACE inhibitors) chaperones and proteosome inhibitors to restore impaired surface ACE expression, as was shown previously by our group for another transport-deficient ACE mutation-Q1069R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei M. Danilov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (A.J.K.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Ivan A. Adzhubei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Alexander J. Kozuch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (A.J.K.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Pavel A. Petukhov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Isolda A. Popova
- Toxicology Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Ananyo Choudhury
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (A.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Dhriti Sengupta
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (A.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Steven M. Dudek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (A.J.K.); (S.M.D.)
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3
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Vincent KM, Alrajhi A, Lazier J, Bonin B, Lawrence S, Weiler G, Armour CM. Expanding the clinical spectrum of autosomal-recessive renal tubular dysgenesis: Two siblings with neonatal survival and review of the literature. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e1920. [PMID: 35286024 PMCID: PMC9034669 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autosomal‐recessive renal tubular dysgenesis (AR‐RTD) is a rare genetic disorder caused by defects in the renin‐angiotensin system that manifests as fetal anuria leading to oligohydramnios and Potter sequence. Although the most common outcome is neonatal death from renal failure, pulmonary hypoplasia, and/or refractory arterial hypotension; several cases have been reported that describe survival past the neonatal period. Methods Herein, we report the first family with biallelic ACE variants and more than one affected child surviving past the neonatal period, as well as provide a review of the previously reported 18 cases with better outcomes. Results While both siblings with identical compound heterozygous ACE variants have received different treatments, neither required renal replacement therapy. We show that both vasopressin and fludrocortisone in the neonatal period may provide survival advantages, though outcomes may also be dependent on the type of gene variant, as well as other factors. Conclusion While AR‐RTD is most often a lethal disease in the neonatal period, it is not universally so. A better understanding of the factors affecting survival will help to guide prognostication and medical decision‐making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M Vincent
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Afrah Alrajhi
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ottawa General Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanna Lazier
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brigitte Bonin
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ottawa General Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Lawrence
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Weiler
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine M Armour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Prenatal Screening Ontario (PSO), Better Outcomes Registry & Network (BORN) Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Kondoh T, Kawai Y, Matsumoto Y, Kumagai N, Miyata M, Tanaka K, Hibino S, Fujita N, Ikezumi Y. Management of a Preterm Infant with Renal Tubular Dysgenesis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2021; 252:9-14. [PMID: 32814721 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.252.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD) is the absence or poor development of the renal proximal tubules caused by gene mutations in the renin-angiotensin system. Although RTD has been considered fatal, improving neonatal intensive care management has enhanced survival outcomes. However, little has been reported on the survival of extremely preterm infants. This study reports the survival of an extremely preterm infant with RTD and discusses the appropriate management of RTD by reviewing the literature. A female infant weighing 953 g was delivered at 27 weeks' gestation by Cesarean section because of oligohydramnios. She exhibited severe persistent pulmonary hypertension, severe systemic hypotension, and renal dysfunction shortly after birth. Respiratory management was successfully undertaken using nitric oxide inhalation and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. Desmopressin was effective in maintaining her blood pressure and urinary output. She was diagnosed with RTD based on genetic testing, which revealed a compound heterozygous mutation in the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene in exon 18 (c.2689delC; p.Pro897fs) and exon 20 (c.3095dupT; p.Leu1032fs). At 2 years, she started receiving oral fludrocortisone for treating persistently high serum creatinine levels, which was attributed to nephrogenic diabetes insipidus caused by RTD. Subsequently, her urine output decreased, and renal function was successfully maintained. Currently, there is no established treatment for RTD. Considering cases reported to date, treatment with vasopressin and fludrocortisone appears to be most effective for survival and maintenance of renal function in patients with RTD. This study presents the successful management of RTD using this strategy in an extremely preterm infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Kondoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Yuri Kawai
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Yuji Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Naonori Kumagai
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Masafumi Miyata
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Kazuki Tanaka
- Department of Nephrology, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center
| | - Satoshi Hibino
- Department of Nephrology, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center
| | - Naoya Fujita
- Department of Nephrology, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center
| | - Yohei Ikezumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
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5
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Popova IA, Lubbe L, Petukhov PA, Kalantarov GF, Trakht IN, Chernykh ER, Leplina OY, Lyubimov AV, Garcia JGN, Dudek SM, Sturrock ED, Danilov SM. Epitope mapping of novel monoclonal antibodies to human angiotensin I-converting enzyme. Protein Sci 2021; 30:1577-1593. [PMID: 33931897 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE, CD143) plays a crucial role in blood pressure regulation, vascular remodeling, and immunity. A wide spectrum of mAbs to different epitopes on the N and C domains of human ACE have been generated and used to study different aspects of ACE biology, including establishing a novel approach-conformational fingerprinting. Here we characterized a novel set of 14 mAbs, developed against human seminal fluid ACE. The epitopes for these novel mAbs were defined using recombinant ACE constructs with truncated N and C domains, species cross-reactivity, ACE mutagenesis, and competition with the previously mapped anti-ACE mAbs. Nine mAbs recognized regions on the N domain, and 5 mAbs-on the C domain of ACE. The epitopes for most of these novel mAbs partially overlap with epitopes mapped onto ACE by the previously generated mAbs, whereas mAb 8H1 recognized yet unmapped region on the C domain where three ACE mutations associated with Alzheimer's disease are localized and is a marker for ACE mutation T877M. mAb 2H4 could be considered as a specific marker for ACE in dendritic cells. This novel set of mAbs can identify even subtle changes in human ACE conformation caused by tissue-specific glycosylation of ACE or mutations, and can detect human somatic and testicular ACE in biological fluids and tissues. Furthermore, the high reactivity of these novel mAbs provides an opportunity to study changes in the pattern of ACE expression or glycosylation in different tissues, cells, and diseases, such as sarcoidosis and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isolda A Popova
- Recombinant Protein Production Core (rPPC), Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Lizelle Lubbe
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pavel A Petukhov
- School of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Ilya N Trakht
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elena R Chernykh
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga Y Leplina
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alex V Lyubimov
- Toxicology Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Steven M Dudek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Edward D Sturrock
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sergei M Danilov
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Medical Center, Moscow University, Moscow, Russia
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6
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Badawi S, Ali BR. ACE2 Nascence, trafficking, and SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis: the saga continues. Hum Genomics 2021; 15:8. [PMID: 33514423 PMCID: PMC7844112 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-021-00304-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With the emergence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 since December 2019, more than 65 million cases have been reported worldwide. This virus has shown high infectivity and severe symptoms in some cases, leading to over 1.5 million deaths globally. Despite the collaborative and concerted research efforts that have been made, no effective medication for COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) is currently available. SARS-CoV-2 uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as an initial mediator for viral attachment and host cell invasion. ACE2 is widely distributed in the human tissues including the cell surface of lung cells which represent the primary site of the infection. Inhibiting or reducing cell surface availability of ACE2 represents a promising therapy for tackling COVID-19. In this context, most ACE2-based therapeutic strategies have aimed to tackle the virus through the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or neutralizing the virus by exogenous administration of ACE2, which does not directly aim to reduce its membrane availability. However, through this review, we present a different perspective focusing on the subcellular localization and trafficking of ACE2. Membrane targeting of ACE2, and shedding and cellular trafficking pathways including the internalization are not well elucidated in literature. Therefore, we hereby present an overview of the fate of newly synthesized ACE2, its post translational modifications, and what is known of its trafficking pathways. In addition, we highlight the possibility that some of the identified ACE2 missense variants might affect its trafficking efficiency and localization and hence may explain some of the observed variable severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Moreover, an extensive understanding of these processes is necessarily required to evaluate the potential use of ACE2 as a credible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Badawi
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- Zayed Centre for Health sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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7
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Das Bhowmik A, Dalal A, Tandon A, Aggarwal S. Exome sequencing identifies novel ACE splice-site variant in a fetus with renal tubular dysgenesis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2018; 44:2181-2185. [PMID: 30058238 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a 32-week fetus conceived of consanguineous parentage which presented with severe early onset oligohydramnios and history of a similarly affected sibling in previous pregnancy. Ultrasonography and autopsy were inconclusive, prompting exome sequencing on fetal DNA. This resulted in identification of a homozygous novel 3' splice-site variation in intron 17 of the ACE gene (NM_000789.3:c.2642-1G>A), confirming diagnosis of autosomal recessive renal tubular dysgenesis, and facilitating prenatal diagnosis in subsequent pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneek Das Bhowmik
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ashwin Dalal
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ashwani Tandon
- Department of Pathology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shagun Aggarwal
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India.,Department of Medical Genetics, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
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8
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Efimov GA, Raats JMH, Chirivi RGS, van Rosmalen JWG, Nedospasov SA. Humanization of Murine Monoclonal anti-hTNF Antibody: The F10 Story. Mol Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893317060061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Danilov SM. Conformational Fingerprinting Using Monoclonal Antibodies (on the Example of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme-ACE). Mol Biol 2017; 51:906-920. [PMID: 32287393 PMCID: PMC7102274 DOI: 10.1134/s0026893317060048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During the past 30 years my laboratory has generated 40+ monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed to structural and conformational epitopes on human ACE as well as ACE from rats, mice and other species. These mAbs were successfully used for detection and quantification of ACE by ELISA, Western blotting, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. In all these applications mainly single mAbs were used. We hypothesized that we can obtain a completely new kind of information about ACE structure and function if we use the whole set of mAbs directed to different epitopes on the ACE molecule. When we finished epitope mapping of all mAbs to ACE (and especially, those recognizing conformational epitopes), we realized that we had obtained a new tool to study ACE. First, we demonstrated that binding of some mAbs is very sensitive to local conformational changes on the ACE surface-due to local denaturation, inactivation, ACE inhibitor or mAbs binding or due to diseases. Second, we were able to detect, localize and characterize several human ACE mutations. And, finally, we established a new concept-conformational fingerprinting of ACE using mAbs that in turn allowed us to obtain evidence for tissue specificity of ACE, which has promising scientific and diagnostic perspectives. The initial goal for the generation of mAbs to ACE 30 years ago was obtaining mAbs to organ-specific endothelial cells, which could be used for organ-specific drug delivery. Our systematic work on characterization of mAbs to numerous epitopes on ACE during these years has lead not only to the generation of the most effective mAbs for specific drug/gene delivery into the lung capillaries, but also to the establishment of the concept of conformational fingerprinting of ACE, which in turn gives a theoretical base for the generation of mAbs, specific for ACE from different organs. We believe that this concept could be applicable for any glycoprotein against which there is a set of mAbs to different epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Danilov
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
- Arizona University, Tucson, USA
- Medical Scientific and Educational Center of Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
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10
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Danilov SM, Tovsky SI, Schwartz DE, Dull RO. ACE Phenotyping as a Guide Toward Personalized Therapy With ACE Inhibitors. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2017; 22:374-386. [DOI: 10.1177/1074248416686188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (ACEI) are widely used in the management of cardiovascular diseases but with significant interindividual variability in the patient’s response. Objectives: To investigate whether interindividual variability in the response to ACE inhibitors is explained by the “ACE phenotype”—for example, variability in plasma ACE concentration, activity, and conformation and/or the degree of ACE inhibition in each individual. Methods: The ACE phenotype was determined in plasma of 14 patients with hypertension treated chronically for 4 weeks with 40 mg enalapril (E) or 20 mg E + 16 mg candesartan (EC) and in 20 patients with hypertension treated acutely with a single dose (20 mg) of E with or without pretreatment with hydrochlorothiazide. The ACE phenotyping included (1) plasma ACE concentration; (2) ACE activity (with 2 substrates: Hip-His-Leu and Z-Phe-His-Leu and calculation of their ratio); (3) detection of ACE inhibitors in patient’s blood (indicator of patient compliance) and the degree of ACE inhibition (ie, adherence); and (4) ACE conformation. Results: Enalapril reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure in most patients; however, 20% of patients were considered nonresponders. Chronic treatment results in 40% increase in serum ACE concentrations, with the exception of 1 patient. There was a trend toward better response to ACEI among patients who had a higher plasma ACE concentration. Conclusion: Due to the fact that “20% of patients do not respond to ACEI by blood pressure drop,” the initial blood ACE level could not be a predictor of blood pressure reduction in an individual patient. However, ACE phenotyping provides important information about conformational and kinetic changes in ACE of individual patients, and this could be a reason for resistance to ACE inhibitors in some nonresponders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei M. Danilov
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stan I. Tovsky
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David E. Schwartz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Randal O. Dull
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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11
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Chalghoum A, Noichri Y, Dandana A, Baudin B, Miled A, Ferchichi S. Pathological interactions between the endothelin-1 and the angiotensin- converting enzyme among Tunisian coronary patients. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2016; 16:244. [PMID: 27894250 PMCID: PMC5127035 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-016-0417-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The correct understanding of the biochemical and metabolic interactions between coronary risk factors contribute to the exploration of cardiovascular pathophysiology and improves therapeutic care. The aim of this study was to explore the endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentration and the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity among Tunisian patients with coronary heart disease, and to investigate the metabolic relationships between these two markers,… and to assess the possible relationship between them and the different risk factors. In this present study, ET-1 concentration was determined by an analytical method (High Performance Chromatography, coupled by Mass Spectrometry), ACE activity was measured by a kinetic method for patients and healthy controls. These subjects (157 patients and 142 controls) beneficed also by a biochemical exploration (lipid, apolipoproteins and glucose profiles) to quantify cardiovascular risk. Results A statistically significant increase of the ET-1 concentration was found among patients compared to healthy controls (15.2 ± 5.3 nM vs 7.1 ± 2.7 nM, p < 0,00001). For the ACE activity, in spite the treatment of the majority of patients (97%) with ACE inhibitors, this activity was statistically elevated in patients compared to healthy subjects (86.7 ± 25.4 IU/L vs 42.8 ± 12.1 IU/L, p < 0.00001). Furthermore, a statistically positive correlation was identified between these two cardiac markers (r = 0.68 p < 0.00001). Conclusion The study of the metabolic relationship between the ET-1 and ACE among coronary patients reveals other therapeutics targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkader Chalghoum
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Farhat HACHED Hospital, Street Doctor Moreau, 4000, Sousse, Tunisia. .,Valorization and Technology Transfer Space, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, 2050, HamamLif, Tunisia.
| | - Yosri Noichri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Farhat HACHED Hospital, Street Doctor Moreau, 4000, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Azza Dandana
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Farhat HACHED Hospital, Street Doctor Moreau, 4000, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Bruno Baudin
- Department of Biochemistry, Saint-Antoine Hospital, 184 Street Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571, Paris, Cedex 12, France
| | - Abdelhédi Miled
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Farhat HACHED Hospital, Street Doctor Moreau, 4000, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Salima Ferchichi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Farhat HACHED Hospital, Street Doctor Moreau, 4000, Sousse, Tunisia
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12
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Kryukova OV, Tikhomirova VE, Golukhova EZ, Evdokimov VV, Kalantarov GF, Trakht IN, Schwartz DE, Dull RO, Gusakov AV, Uporov IV, Kost OA, Danilov SM. Tissue Specificity of Human Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143455. [PMID: 26600189 PMCID: PMC4658169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which metabolizes many peptides and plays a key role in blood pressure regulation and vascular remodeling, as well as in reproductive functions, is expressed as a type-1 membrane glycoprotein on the surface of endothelial and epithelial cells. ACE also presents as a soluble form in biological fluids, among which seminal fluid being the richest in ACE content - 50-fold more than that in blood. Methods/Principal Findings We performed conformational fingerprinting of lung and seminal fluid ACEs using a set of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to 17 epitopes of human ACE and determined the effects of potential ACE-binding partners on mAbs binding to these two different ACEs. Patterns of mAbs binding to ACEs from lung and from seminal fluid dramatically differed, which reflects difference in the local conformations of these ACEs, likely due to different patterns of ACE glycosylation in the lung endothelial cells and epithelial cells of epididymis/prostate (source of seminal fluid ACE), confirmed by mass-spectrometry of ACEs tryptic digests. Conclusions Dramatic differences in the local conformations of seminal fluid and lung ACEs, as well as the effects of ACE-binding partners on mAbs binding to these ACEs, suggest different regulation of ACE functions and shedding from epithelial cells in epididymis and prostate and endothelial cells of lung capillaries. The differences in local conformation of ACE could be the base for the generation of mAbs distingushing tissue-specific ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Kryukova
- Chemical Faculty, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Ilya N. Trakht
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - David E. Schwartz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Randal O. Dull
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | | | - Igor V. Uporov
- Chemical Faculty, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A. Kost
- Chemical Faculty, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail: (SMD); (OAK)
| | - Sergei M. Danilov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SMD); (OAK)
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13
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Hibino S, Sasaki H, Abe Y, Hojo A, Uematsu M, Sekine T, Itabashi K. Renal function in angiotensinogen gene-mutated renal tubular dysgenesis with glomerular cysts. Pediatr Nephrol 2015; 30:357-60. [PMID: 25414114 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-014-3007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD) is caused by mutations in the genes encoding the components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). RTD is characterized by oligohydramnios, renal failure, neonatal hypocalvaria, and severe hypotension. The histological characteristics, underlying mechanism, and long-term prognosis remain poorly known. CASE-DIAGNOSIS/TREATMENT We describe here a 4-year-old female with RTD. Endocrinologic analysis showed a discrepancy between low plasma renin activity and high active renin concentration, suggesting a loss of the renin substrate, angiotensinogen (AGT). Direct sequencing revealed a frameshift deletion at nucleotide 1,355 in exon 5 in the AGT gene. Although a histological hallmark is regarded to be the absence or poor development of the proximal tubule, the patient does have minimally impaired function of the proximal tubule. Glomerular cysts without glomerular tufts were noted in approximately half of the glomeruli. The urinary concentrating ability and sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the distal nephron were severely affected. CONCLUSIONS The patient has an impaired function of the distal nephron despite minimally affected function of the proximal tubule, probably attributed to renal tubular dysgenesis and fetal hypoperfusion. The renal tubular maturity and the severity of ischemic injury may be key determinants of the clinical symptoms and pathological findings in RTD, in which the RAS plays an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hibino
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan,
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14
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Abstract
Cells use an exquisite network of mechanisms to maintain the integrity and functionality of their protein components. In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), these networks of protein homeostasis--referred to as proteostasis--regulate protein synthesis, folding and degradation via the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. The UPR pathway has two components: the adaptive UPR pathway, which predominantly maintains the ER function or ER proteostasis, and the apoptotic UPR pathway, which eliminates dysfunctional cells that have been subject to long-term or severe ER stress. Dysregulation of the UPR pathway often occurs in glomerular or tubulointerstitial cells under a pathogenic microenvironment, such as oxidative stress, glycative stress or hypoxia. A defective UPR is highly deleterious to renal cell function and viability and is thereby implicated in the pathophysiology of various kidney diseases. Accumulating evidence provides a link between the UPR pathway and mitochondrial structure and function, indicating the important role of ER proteostasis in the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis. Restoration of normal proteostasis, therefore, holds promise in protecting the kidney from pathogenic stresses as well as ageing. This Review is focused on the role of the ER stress and UPR pathway in the maintenance of ER proteostasis, and highlights the involvement of the derangement of ER proteostasis and ER stress in various pathogenic stress signals in the kidney.
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15
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Michaud A, Acharya KR, Masuyer G, Quenech'du N, Gribouval O, Morinière V, Gubler MC, Corvol P. Absence of cell surface expression of human ACE leads to perinatal death. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:1479-91. [PMID: 24163131 PMCID: PMC3929087 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD) is a recessive autosomal disease characterized most often by perinatal death. It is due to the inactivation of any of the major genes of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), one of which is the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). ACE is present as a tissue-bound enzyme and circulates in plasma after its solubilization. In this report, we present the effect of different ACE mutations associated with RTD on ACE intracellular trafficking, secretion and enzymatic activity. One truncated mutant, R762X, responsible for neonatal death was found to be an enzymatically active, secreted form, not inserted in the plasma membrane. In contrast, another mutant, R1180P, was compatible with life after transient neonatal renal insufficiency. This mutant was located at the plasma membrane and rapidly secreted. These results highlight the importance of tissue-bound ACE versus circulating ACE and show that the total absence of cell surface expression of ACE is incompatible with life. In addition, two missense mutants (W594R and R828H) and two truncated mutants (Q1136X and G1145AX) were also studied. These mutants were neither inserted in the plasma membrane nor secreted. Finally, the structural implications of these ACE mutations were examined by molecular modelling, which suggested some important structural alterations such as disruption of intra-molecular non-covalent interactions (e.g. salt bridges).
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Michaud
- Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris F-75005, France
- INSERM U 1050, Paris F-75005, France
- MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Sciences Lettres and
| | - K. Ravi Acharya
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Geoffrey Masuyer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Nicole Quenech'du
- Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris F-75005, France
- INSERM U 1050, Paris F-75005, France
- MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Sciences Lettres and
| | - Olivier Gribouval
- INSERM U983, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Morinière
- AP-HP, Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence MARHEA, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France and
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires de L'Enfant et de L'Adulte, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claire Gubler
- INSERM U983, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires de L'Enfant et de L'Adulte, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Corvol
- Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris F-75005, France
- INSERM U 1050, Paris F-75005, France
- MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Sciences Lettres and
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16
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Danilov SM, Wade MS, Schwager SL, Douglas RG, Nesterovitch AB, Popova IA, Hogarth KD, Bhardwaj N, Schwartz DE, Sturrock ED, Garcia JGN. A novel angiotensin I-converting enzyme mutation (S333W) impairs N-domain enzymatic cleavage of the anti-fibrotic peptide, AcSDKP. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88001. [PMID: 24505347 PMCID: PMC3913711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) has two functional N- and C-domain active centers that display differences in the metabolism of biologically-active peptides including the hemoregulatory tetrapeptide, Ac-SDKP, hydrolysed preferentially by the N domain active center. Elevated Ac-SDKP concentrations are associated with reduced tissue fibrosis. RESULTS We identified a patient of African descent exhibiting unusual blood ACE kinetics with reduced relative hydrolysis of two synthetic ACE substrates (ZPHL/HHL ratio) suggestive of the ACE N domain center inactivation. Inhibition of blood ACE activity by anti-catalytic mAbs and ACE inhibitors and conformational fingerprint of blood ACE suggested overall conformational changes in the ACE molecule and sequencing identified Ser333Trp substitution in the N domain of ACE. In silico analysis demonstrated S333W localized in the S1 pocket of the active site of the N domain with the bulky Trp adversely affecting binding of ACE substrates due to steric hindrance. Expression of mutant ACE (S333W) in CHO cells confirmed altered kinetic properties of mutant ACE and conformational changes in the N domain. Further, the S333W mutant displayed decreased ability (5-fold) to cleave the physiological substrate AcSDKP compared to wild-type ACE. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE A novel Ser333Trp ACE mutation results in dramatic changes in ACE kinetic properties and lowered clearance of Ac-SDKP. Individuals with this mutation (likely with significantly increased levels of the hemoregulatory tetrapeptide in blood and tissues), may confer protection against fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei M. Danilov
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael S. Wade
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sylva L. Schwager
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ross G. Douglas
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Isolda A. Popova
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kyle D. Hogarth
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nakul Bhardwaj
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David E. Schwartz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Edward D. Sturrock
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Joe G. N. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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17
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Tran TT, Tobiume K, Hirono C, Fujimoto S, Mizuta K, Kubozono K, Inoue H, Itakura M, Sugita M, Kamata N. TMEM16E (GDD1) exhibits protein instability and distinct characteristics in chloride channel/pore forming ability. J Cell Physiol 2013; 229:181-90. [PMID: 23843187 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
TMEM16E/GDD1 has been shown to be responsible for the bone-related late-onset disease gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia (GDD), with the dominant allele (TMEM16E(gdd) ) encoding a missense mutation at Cys356. Additionally, several recessive loss-of-function alleles of TMEM16E also cause late-onset limb girdle muscular dystrophy. In this study, we found that TMEM16E was rapidly degraded via the proteasome pathway, which was rescued by inhibition of the PI3K pathway and by the chemical chaperone, sodium butyrate. Moreover, TMEM16E(gdd) exhibited lower stability than TMEM16E, but showed similar propensity to be rescued. TMEM16E did not exhibit cell surface calcium-dependent chloride channel (CaCC) activity, which was originally identified in TMEM16A and TMEM16B, due to their intracellular vesicle distribution. A putative pore-forming domain of TMEM16E, which shared 39.8% similarity in 98 amino acids with TMEM16A, disrupted CaCC activity of TMEM16A via domain swapping. However, the Thr611Cys mutation in the swapped domain, which mimicked conserved cysteine residues between TMEM16A and TMEM16B, reconstituted CaCC activity. In addition, the GDD-causing cysteine mutation made in TMEM16A drastically altered CaCC activity. Based on these findings, TMEM16E possesses distinct function other than CaCC and another protein-stabilizing machinery toward the TMEM16E and TMEM16E(gdd) proteins should be considered for the on-set regulation of their phenotypes in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta To Tran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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18
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Paroder V, Nicola JP, Ginter CS, Carrasco N. The iodide-transport-defect-causing mutation R124H: a δ-amino group at position 124 is critical for maturation and trafficking of the Na+/I- symporter. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:3305-13. [PMID: 23690546 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.120246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Na(+)/I(-) symporter (NIS)-mediated active accumulation of I(-) in thyrocytes is a key step in the biosynthesis of the iodine-containing thyroid hormones T3 and T4. Several NIS mutants have been identified as a cause of congenital I(-) transport defect (ITD), and their investigation has yielded valuable mechanistic information on NIS. Here we report novel findings derived from the thorough characterization of the ITD-causing mutation R124H, located in the second intracellular loop (IL-2). R124H NIS is incompletely glycosylated and colocalizes with endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein markers. As a result, R124H NIS is not targeted to the plasma membrane and therefore does not mediate any I(-) transport in transfected COS-7 cells. Strikingly, however, the mutant is intrinsically active, as revealed by its ability to mediate I(-) transport in membrane vesicles. Of all the amino acid substitutions we carried out at position 124 (K, D, E, A, W, N and Q), only Gln restored targeting of NIS to the plasma membrane and NIS activity, suggesting a key structural role for the δ-amino group of R124 in the transporter's maturation and cell surface targeting. Using our NIS homology model based on the structure of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus Na(+)/galactose symporter, we propose an interaction between the δ-amino group of either R or Q124 and the thiol group of C440, located in IL-6. We conclude that the interaction between IL-2 and IL-6 is critical for the local folding required for NIS maturation and plasma membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Paroder
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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19
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Minogue PJ, Beyer EC, Berthoud VM. A connexin50 mutant, CX50fs, that causes cataracts is unstable, but is rescued by a proteasomal inhibitor. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:20427-34. [PMID: 23720739 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.452847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which mutant connexins lead to disease are diverse, including those of connexin50 (CX50) encoded by the GJA8 gene. We investigated the cellular and functional behavior of CX50fs, a mutant CX50 that has a frameshift after amino acid 255 and causes recessive congenital cataracts. Cellular levels of CX50fs were much lower than those of wild type CX50 in stably transfected HeLa cells. Whereas CX50 localized at distinct gap junction plaques and supported extensive intercellular transfer of Neurobiotin, CX50fs gap junctions were rare, and their support of Neurobiotin transfer was reduced by >90%. After inhibition of new protein synthesis with cycloheximide, CX50fs disappeared much more rapidly than CX50, suggesting increased degradation of the mutant. Treatment of cells with epoxomicin (a proteasomal inhibitor) led to a dramatic increase in CX50fs levels and in the abundance of gap junctions. Epoxomicin treatment also rescued intercellular transfer of Neurobiotin to levels similar to those in cells expressing the wild type protein. Treatment with eeyarestatin I (an inhibitor of p97-dependent protein degradation) resulted in many abundant slowly migrating CX50 and CX50fs bands consistent with polyubiquitination of the proteins. These results demonstrate that the CX50fs mutant is rapidly degraded by endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation in mammalian cells. This accelerated degradation reduces the abundance of gap junctions and the extent of intercellular communication, potentially explaining the pathogenesis of cataracts linked to this mutant. The efficacy of epoxomicin in restoring function suggests that protease inhibition might have therapeutic value for this and other diseases caused by mutants with similar defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Minogue
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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20
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Petrov MN, Shilo VY, Tarasov AV, Schwartz DE, Garcia JGN, Kost OA, Danilov SM. Conformational changes of blood ACE in chronic uremia. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49290. [PMID: 23166630 PMCID: PMC3500299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pattern of binding of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to 16 epitopes on human angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) comprise a conformational ACE fingerprint and is a sensitive marker of subtle protein conformational changes. Hypothesis Toxic substances in the blood of patients with uremia due to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) can induce local conformational changes in the ACE protein globule and alter the efficacy of ACE inhibitors. Methodology/Principal Findings The recognition of ACE by 16 mAbs to the epitopes on the N and C domains of ACE was estimated using an immune-capture enzymatic plate precipitation assay. The precipitation pattern of blood ACE by a set of mAbs was substantially influenced by the presence of ACE inhibitors with the most dramatic local conformational change noted in the N-domain region recognized by mAb 1G12. The “short” ACE inhibitor enalaprilat (tripeptide analog) and “long” inhibitor teprotide (nonapeptide) produced strikingly different mAb 1G12 binding with enalaprilat strongly increasing mAb 1G12 binding and teprotide decreasing binding. Reduction in S-S bonds via glutathione and dithiothreitol treatment increased 1G12 binding to blood ACE in a manner comparable to enalaprilat. Some patients with uremia due to ESRD exhibited significantly increased mAb 1G12 binding to blood ACE and increased ACE activity towards angiotensin I accompanied by reduced ACE inhibition by inhibitory mAbs and ACE inhibitors. Conclusions/Significance The estimation of relative mAb 1G12 binding to blood ACE detects a subpopulation of ESRD patients with conformationally changed ACE, which activity is less suppressible by ACE inhibitors. This parameter may potentially serve as a biomarker for those patients who may need higher concentrations of ACE inhibitors upon anti-hypertensive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim N. Petrov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery Y. Shilo
- Department of Nephrology, Moscow University for Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - David E. Schwartz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Joe G. N. Garcia
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Olga A. Kost
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei M. Danilov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- National Cardiology Research Center, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
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21
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Gribouval O, Morinière V, Pawtowski A, Arrondel C, Sallinen SL, Saloranta C, Clericuzio C, Viot G, Tantau J, Blesson S, Cloarec S, Machet MC, Chitayat D, Thauvin C, Laurent N, Sampson JR, Bernstein JA, Clemenson A, Prieur F, Daniel L, Levy-Mozziconacci A, Lachlan K, Alessandri JL, Cartault F, Rivière JP, Picard N, Baumann C, Delezoide AL, Belar Ortega M, Chassaing N, Labrune P, Yu S, Firth H, Wellesley D, Bitzan M, Alfares A, Braverman N, Krogh L, Tolmie J, Gaspar H, Doray B, Majore S, Bonneau D, Triau S, Loirat C, David A, Bartholdi D, Peleg A, Brackman D, Stone R, DeBerardinis R, Corvol P, Michaud A, Antignac C, Gubler MC. Spectrum of mutations in the renin-angiotensin system genes in autosomal recessive renal tubular dysgenesis. Hum Mutat 2011; 33:316-26. [PMID: 22095942 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD) is a severe disorder of renal tubular development characterized by early onset and persistent fetal anuria leading to oligohydramnios and the Potter sequence, associated with skull ossification defects. Early death occurs in most cases from anuria, pulmonary hypoplasia, and refractory arterial hypotension. The disease is linked to mutations in the genes encoding several components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS): AGT (angiotensinogen), REN (renin), ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme), and AGTR1 (angiotensin II receptor type 1). Here, we review the series of 54 distinct mutations identified in 48 unrelated families. Most of them are novel and ACE mutations are the most frequent, observed in two-thirds of families (64.6%). The severity of the clinical course was similar whatever the mutated gene, which underlines the importance of a functional RAS in the maintenance of blood pressure and renal blood flow during the life of a human fetus. Renal hypoperfusion, whether genetic or secondary to a variety of diseases, precludes the normal development/ differentiation of proximal tubules. The identification of the disease on the basis of precise clinical and histological analyses and the characterization of the genetic defects allow genetic counseling and early prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Gribouval
- Inserm U983, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
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22
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de Oliveira RM, Marijanovic Z, Carvalho F, Miltényi GM, Matos JE, Tenreiro S, Oliveira S, Enguita FJ, Stone R, Outeiro TF. Impaired proteostasis contributes to renal tubular dysgenesis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20854. [PMID: 21695262 PMCID: PMC3111453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein conformational disorders are associated with the appearance, persistence, accumulation, and misprocessing of aberrant proteins in the cell. The etiology of renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD) is linked to mutations in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Here, we report the identification of a novel ACE mutation (Q1069R) in an RTD patient. ACE Q1069R is found sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum and is also subject to increased proteasomal degradation, preventing its transport to the cell surface and extracellular fluids. Modulation of cellular proteostasis by temperature shift causes an extension in the processing time and trafficking of ACE Q1069R resulting in partial rescue of the protein processing defect and an increase in plasma membrane levels. In addition, we found that temperature shifting causes the ACE Q1069R protein to be secreted in an active state, suggesting that the mutation does not affect the enzyme's catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zrinka Marijanovic
- Cell and Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipe Carvalho
- Cell and Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Joana Estevão Matos
- Cell and Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra Tenreiro
- Cell and Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sónia Oliveira
- Cell and Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Rosário Stone
- Unidade de Nefrologia, Serviço de Pediatria, Hospital da Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Cell and Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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23
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Danilov SM, Balyasnikova IV, Danilova AS, Naperova IA, Arablinskaya NE, Borisov SE, Metzger R, Franke FE, Schwartz DE, Gachok IV, Trakht IN, Kost OA, Garcia JGN. Conformational fingerprinting of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). 1. Application in sarcoidosis. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:5782-93. [PMID: 20873814 DOI: 10.1021/pr100564r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fine epitope mapping of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to 16 epitopes on human angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) revealed that the epitopes of all mAbs contained putative glycosylation sites. ACE glycosylation is both cell- and tissue-specific and, therefore, the local conformation of ACE produced by different cells could be also unique. The pattern of ACE binding by a set of mAbs to 16 epitopes of human ACE - "conformational fingerprint of ACE" - is the most sensitive marker of ACE conformation and could be cell- and tissue-specific. The recognition of ACEs by mAbs to ACE was estimated using an immune-capture enzymatic plate precipitation assay. Precipitation patterns of soluble recombinant ACE released from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-ACE cells was influenced by conditions that alter ACE glycosylation. This pattern was also strongly cell type specific. Patients with sarcoidosis exhibited conformational fingerprints of tissue ACE (lungs and lymph nodes), as well as blood ACE, which were distinct from controls. Conformational fingerprinting of ACE may detect ACE originated from the cells other than endothelial cells in the blood and when combined with elevated blood ACE levels in patients with sarcoidosis may potentially reflect extrapulmonary sarcoidosis involvement (bone marrow, spleen, liver). If proven true, this would serve as a biomarker of enormous potential clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei M Danilov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
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