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Gao P, Cao Y, Ma L. Regulation of soluble epoxide hydrolase in renal-associated diseases: insights from potential mechanisms to clinical researches. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1304547. [PMID: 38425758 PMCID: PMC10902052 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1304547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, numerous experimental studies have underscored the pivotal role of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in renal diseases, demonstrating the reno-protective effects of sEH inhibitors. The nexus between sEH and renal-associated diseases has garnered escalating attention. This review endeavors to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms of sEH in renal diseases and emphasize the critical role of sEH inhibitors as a prospective treatment modality. Initially, we expound upon the correlation between sEH and Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and also addressing the impact of sEH on other epoxy fatty acids, delineate prevalent EPHX2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with renal diseases, and delve into sEH-mediated potential mechanisms, encompassing oxidative stress, inflammation, ER stress, and autophagy. Subsequently, we delineate clinical research pertaining to sEH inhibition or co-inhibition of sEH with other inhibitors for the regulation of renal-associated diseases, covering conditions such as acute kidney injury, chronic kidney diseases, diabetic nephropathy, and hypertension-induced renal injury. Our objective is to validate the potential role of sEH inhibitors in the treatment of renal injuries. We contend that a comprehensive comprehension of the salient attributes of sEH, coupled with insights from clinical experiments, provides invaluable guidance for clinicians and presents promising therapeutic avenues for patients suffering from renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongtong Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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2
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Naeem Z, Zukunft S, Huard A, Hu J, Hammock BD, Weigert A, Frömel T, Fleming I. Role of the soluble epoxide hydrolase in keratinocyte proliferation and sensitivity of skin to inflammatory stimuli. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116127. [PMID: 38198951 PMCID: PMC10857809 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The lipid content of skin plays a determinant role in its barrier function with a particularly important role attributed to linoleic acid and its derivatives. Here we explored the consequences of interfering with the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) on skin homeostasis. sEH; which converts fatty acid epoxides generated by cytochrome P450 enzymes to their corresponding diols, was largely restricted to the epidermis which was enriched in sEH-generated diols. Global deletion of the sEH increased levels of epoxides, including the linoleic acid-derived epoxide; 12,13-epoxyoctadecenoic acid (12,13-EpOME), and increased basal keratinocyte proliferation. sEH deletion (sEH-/- mice) resulted in thicker differentiated spinous and corneocyte layers compared to wild-type mice, a hyperkeratosis phenotype that was reproduced in wild-type mice treated with a sEH inhibitor. sEH deletion made the skin sensitive to inflammation and sEH-/- mice developed thicker imiquimod-induced psoriasis plaques than the control group and were more prone to inflammation triggered by mechanical stress with pronounced infiltration and activation of neutrophils as well as vascular leak and increased 12,13-EpOME and leukotriene (LT) B4 levels. Topical treatment of LTB4 antagonist after stripping successfully inhibited inflammation and neutrophil infiltration both in wild type and sEH-/- skin. While 12,13-EpoME had no effect on the trans-endothelial migration of neutrophils, like LTB4, it effectively induced neutrophil adhesion and activation. These observations indicate that while the increased accumulation of neutrophils in sEH-deficient skin could be attributed to the increase in LTB4 levels, both 12,13-EpOME and LTB4 contribute to neutrophil activation. Our observations identify a protective role of the sEH in the skin and should be taken into account when designing future clinical trials with sEH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zumer Naeem
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sven Zukunft
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Arnaud Huard
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| | - Jiong Hu
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Embryology and Histology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| | - Timo Frömel
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; CardioPulmonary Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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3
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Malacarne PF, Ratiu C, Gajos-Draus A, Müller N, Lopez M, Pflüger-Müller B, Ding X, Warwick T, Oo J, Siragusa M, Angioni C, Günther S, Weigert A, Geißlinger G, Lütjohann D, Schunck WH, Fleming I, Brandes RP, Rezende F. Loss of Endothelial Cytochrome P450 Reductase Induces Vascular Dysfunction in Mice. Hypertension 2022; 79:1216-1226. [PMID: 35354305 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND POR (cytochrome P450 reductase) provides electrons for the catalytic activity of the CYP (cytochrome P450) monooxygenases. CYPs are dual-function enzymes as they generate protective vasoactive mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids but also reactive oxygen species. It is not known in which conditions the endothelial POR/CYP system is beneficial versus deleterious. Here, the activity of all CYP enzymes was eliminated in the vascular endothelium to examine its impact on vascular function. METHODS An endothelial-specific, tamoxifen-inducible POR knockout mouse (ecPOR-/-) was generated. Vascular function was studied by organ chamber experiments. eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) activity was accessed by heavy arginine/citrulline LC-MS/MS detection and phosphorylation of serine1177 in aortic rings. CYP-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and prostanoids were measured by LC-MS/MS. Gene expression of aorta and endothelial cells was profiled by RNA sequencing. Blood pressure was measured by telemetry. RESULTS Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation was attenuated in isolated vessels of ecPOR-/- as compared with control mice. Additionally, ecPOR-/- mice had attenuated eNOS activity and eNOS/AKT phosphorylation. POR deletion reduced endothelial stores of CYP-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids but increased vascular prostanoids. This phenomenon was paralleled by the induction of genes implicated in eicosanoid generation. In response to Ang II (angiotensin II) infusion, blood pressure increased significantly more in ecPOR-/- mice. Importantly, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor Naproxen selectively lowered the Ang II-induced hypertension in ecPOR-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS POR expression in endothelial cells maintains eNOS activity and its loss results in an overactivation of the vasoconstrictor prostanoid system. Through these mechanisms, loss of endothelial POR induces vascular dysfunction and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Felipe Malacarne
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - Corina Ratiu
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - Anna Gajos-Draus
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,National Science Centre, Poland (A.G.-D.)
| | - Niklas Müller
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - Melina Lopez
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - Beatrice Pflüger-Müller
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - Xinxin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, the University of Arizona, Tucson (X.D.)
| | - Timothy Warwick
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - James Oo
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - Mauro Siragusa
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (M.S., I.F.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - Carlo Angioni
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (C.A., G.G.)
| | - Stefan Günther
- Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Max Planck Institute, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.G.)
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (A.W.)
| | - Gerd Geißlinger
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (C.A., G.G.)
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Germany (D.L.)
| | | | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (M.S., I.F.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - Flávia Rezende
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
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4
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Tserga A, Pouloudi D, Saulnier-Blache JS, Stroggilos R, Theochari I, Gakiopoulou H, Mischak H, Zoidakis J, Schanstra JP, Vlahou A, Makridakis M. Proteomic Analysis of Mouse Kidney Tissue Associates Peroxisomal Dysfunction with Early Diabetic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020216. [PMID: 35203426 PMCID: PMC8869654 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The absence of efficient inhibitors for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression reflects the gaps in our understanding of DKD molecular pathogenesis. Methods: A comprehensive proteomic analysis was performed on the glomeruli and kidney cortex of diabetic mice with the subsequent validation of findings in human biopsies and omics datasets, aiming to better understand the underlying molecular biology of early DKD development and progression. Results: LC–MS/MS was employed to analyze the kidney proteome of 2 DKD models: Ins2Akita (early and late DKD) and db/db mice (late DKD). The abundance of detected proteins was defined. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the early and late DKD versus the respective controls predicted dysregulation in DKD hallmarks (peroxisomal lipid metabolism and β-oxidation), supporting the functional relevance of the findings. Comparing the observed protein changes in early and late DKD, the consistent upregulation of 21 and downregulation of 18 proteins was detected. Among these were downregulated peroxisomal and upregulated mitochondrial proteins. Tissue sections from 16 DKD patients were analyzed by IHC confirming our results. Conclusion: Our study shows an extensive differential expression of peroxisomal proteins in the early stages of DKD that persists regardless of the disease severity, providing new perspectives and potential markers of diabetic kidney dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aggeliki Tserga
- Department of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (R.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Despoina Pouloudi
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.P.); (I.T.); (H.G.)
| | - Jean Sébastien Saulnier-Blache
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1297, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, 31432 Toulouse, France;
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Rafael Stroggilos
- Department of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (R.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Irene Theochari
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.P.); (I.T.); (H.G.)
| | - Harikleia Gakiopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.P.); (I.T.); (H.G.)
| | | | - Jerome Zoidakis
- Department of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (R.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Joost Peter Schanstra
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1297, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, 31432 Toulouse, France;
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: (J.P.S.); (A.V.); (M.M.); Tel.: +33-5-31224078 (J.P.S.); +30-210-6597506 (A.V.); +30-210-6597485 (M.M.)
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Department of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (R.S.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.S.); (A.V.); (M.M.); Tel.: +33-5-31224078 (J.P.S.); +30-210-6597506 (A.V.); +30-210-6597485 (M.M.)
| | - Manousos Makridakis
- Department of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (R.S.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.S.); (A.V.); (M.M.); Tel.: +33-5-31224078 (J.P.S.); +30-210-6597506 (A.V.); +30-210-6597485 (M.M.)
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5
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Yoshida Y, Matsunaga N, Nakao T, Hamamura K, Kondo H, Ide T, Tsutsui H, Tsuruta A, Kurogi M, Nakaya M, Kurose H, Koyanagi S, Ohdo S. Alteration of circadian machinery in monocytes underlies chronic kidney disease-associated cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2783. [PMID: 33986294 PMCID: PMC8119956 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the circadian clock has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The CLOCK protein is a core molecular component of the circadian oscillator, so that mice with a mutated Clock gene (Clk/Clk) exhibit abnormal rhythms in numerous physiological processes. However, here we report that chronic kidney disease (CKD)-induced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis are attenuated in Clk/Clk mice even though they have high blood pressure and increased serum angiotensin II levels. A search for the underlying cause of the attenuation of heart disorder in Clk/Clk mice with 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx) led to identification of the monocytic expression of G protein-coupled receptor 68 (GPR68) as a risk factor of CKD-induced inflammation and fibrosis of heart. 5/6Nx induces the expression of GPR68 in circulating monocytes via altered CLOCK activation by increasing serum levels of retinol and its binding protein (RBP4). The high-GPR68-expressing monocytes have increased potential for producing inflammatory cytokines, and their cardiac infiltration under CKD conditions exacerbates inflammation and fibrosis of heart. Serum retinol and RBP4 levels in CKD patients are also sufficient to induce the expression of GPR68 in human monocytes. Our present study reveals an uncovered role of monocytic clock genes in CKD-induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Yoshida
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsunaga
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Glocal Healthcare Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takaharu Nakao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kengo Hamamura
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kondo
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Saiseikai Nagasaki Hospital, Katafuchi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ide
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akito Tsuruta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kurogi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Michio Nakaya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Facility of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Facility of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoru Koyanagi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Glocal Healthcare Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Ohdo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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6
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Hamzaoui M, Roche C, Coquerel D, Duflot T, Brunel V, Mulder P, Richard V, Bellien J, Guerrot D. Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibition Prevents Experimental Type 4 Cardiorenal Syndrome. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:604042. [PMID: 33777999 PMCID: PMC7991096 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.604042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of morbimortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to assess the cardiovascular impact of the pharmacological inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), which metabolizes the endothelium-derived vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHETs), in the 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) mouse model. Methods and Results: Compared to sham-operated mice, there was decrease in EET-to-DHET ratio 3 months after surgery in vehicle-treated Nx mice but not in mice treated with the sEH inhibitor t-AUCB. Nx induced an increase in plasma creatinine and in urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio as well as the development of kidney histological lesions, all of which were not modified by t-AUCB. In addition, t-AUCB did not oppose Nx-induced blood pressure increase. However, t-AUCB prevented the development of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis induced by Nx, as well as normalized the echocardiographic indices of diastolic and systolic function. Moreover, the reduction in endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilatation of isolated mesenteric arteries induced by Nx was blunted by t-AUCB without change in endothelium-independent dilatation to sodium nitroprusside. Conclusion: Inhibition of sEH reduces the cardiac remodelling, and the diastolic and systolic dysfunctions associated with CKD. These beneficial effects may be mediated by the prevention of endothelial dysfunction, independent from kidney preservation and antihypertensor effect. Thus, inhibition of sEH holds a therapeutic potential in preventing type 4 cardiorenal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouad Hamzaoui
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France.,Nephrology Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Clothilde Roche
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
| | - David Coquerel
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
| | - Thomas Duflot
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France.,Pharmacology Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Valery Brunel
- Biochemistry Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Paul Mulder
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
| | - Vincent Richard
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
| | - Jérémy Bellien
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France.,Pharmacology Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Dominique Guerrot
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France.,Nephrology Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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7
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Hiesinger K, Kramer JS, Beyer S, Eckes T, Brunst S, Flauaus C, Wittmann SK, Weizel L, Kaiser A, Kretschmer SBM, George S, Angioni C, Heering J, Geisslinger G, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Schmidtko A, Pogoryelov D, Pfeilschifter J, Hofmann B, Steinhilber D, Schwalm S, Proschak E. Design, Synthesis, and Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of Dual Inhibitors of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase and 5-Lipoxygenase. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11498-11521. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Hiesinger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9 D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Jan S. Kramer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9 D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Sandra Beyer
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, ZAFES, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Timon Eckes
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, ZAFES, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Steffen Brunst
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9 D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Cathrin Flauaus
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Sandra K. Wittmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9 D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Lilia Weizel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9 D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Astrid Kaiser
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9 D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Simon B. M. Kretschmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9 D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Sven George
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9 D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Carlo Angioni
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, ZAFES, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Jan Heering
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, ZAFES, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Manfred Schubert-Zsilavecz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9 D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Achim Schmidtko
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Denys Pogoryelov
- Institute of Biochemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, ZAFES, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Bettina Hofmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9 D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9 D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Stephanie Schwalm
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, ZAFES, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9 D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
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8
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Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase attenuates renal tubular mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress by restoring autophagic flux in diabetic nephropathy. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:385. [PMID: 32439839 PMCID: PMC7242354 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2594-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and renal tubular cell dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of DN. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is an enzyme that can hydrolyze epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and other epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs) into the less biologically active metabolites. Inhibition of sEH has multiple beneficial effects on renal function, however, the exact role of sEH in hyperglycemia-induced dysfunction of tubular cells is still not fully elucidated. In the present study, we showed that human proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells revealed an upregulation of sEH expression accompanied by the impairment of autophagic flux, mitochondrial dysfunction, ubiquitinated protein accumulation and enhanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress after high glucose (HG) treatment. Furthermore, dysfunctional mitochondria accumulated in the cytoplasm, which resulted in excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, Bax translocation, cytochrome c release, and apoptosis. However, t-AUCB, an inhibitor of sEH, partially reversed these negative outcomes. Moreover, we also observed increased sEH expression, impaired autophagy flux, mitochondrial dysfunction and enhanced ER stress in the renal proximal tubular cells of db/db diabetic mice. Notably, inhibition of sEH by treatment with t-AUCB attenuated renal injury and partially restored autophagic flux, improved mitochondrial function, and reduced ROS generation and ER stress in the kidneys of db/db mice. Taken together, these results suggest that inhibition of sEH by t-AUCB plays a protective role in hyperglycemia-induced proximal tubular injury and that the potential mechanism of t-AUCB-mediated protective autophagy is involved in modulating mitochondrial function and ER stress. Thus, we provide new evidence linking sEH to the autophagic response during proximal tubular injury in the pathogenesis of DN and suggest that inhibition of sEH can be considered a potential therapeutic strategy for the amelioration of DN.
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9
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Hiesinger K, Schott A, Kramer JS, Blöcher R, Witt F, Wittmann SK, Steinhilber D, Pogoryelov D, Gerstmeier J, Werz O, Proschak E. Design of Dual Inhibitors of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase and LTA 4 Hydrolase. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:298-302. [PMID: 32184960 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multitarget anti-inflammatory drugs interfering with the arachidonic acid cascade exhibit superior efficacy. In this study, a prototype dual inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and LTA4 hydrolase (LTA4H) with submicromolar activity toward both targets has been designed and synthesized. Preliminary structure-activity relationship studies were performed to identify optimal substitution patterns. X-ray structure analysis of a promising dual inhibitor in complex with sEH, as well as molecular docking with LTA4H provided a rationale for further optimization. Hereby, scaffold extension was successfully applied to yield potent dual sEH/LTA4H inhibitors. The spectrum of pro- and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators was evaluated in M1 and M2 macrophages, stimulated with LPS, and incubated with the most promising compound 14. The effect of 14 on the inflammatory lipid mediator profile characterizes dual sEH/LTA4H inhibitors as an interesting option for future anti-inflammatory agent investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Hiesinger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Annika Schott
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan S. Kramer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - René Blöcher
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Finja Witt
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra K. Wittmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Denys Pogoryelov
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jana Gerstmeier
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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10
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5/6 nephrectomy induces different renal, cardiac and vascular consequences in 129/Sv and C57BL/6JRj mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1524. [PMID: 32001792 PMCID: PMC6992698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58393-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental models of cardiovascular diseases largely depend on the genetic background. Subtotal 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) is the most frequently used model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in rodents. However, in mice, cardiovascular consequences of 5/6 Nx are rarely reported in details and comparative results between strains are scarce. The present study detailed and compared the outcomes of 5/6 Nx in the 2 main strains of mice used in cardiovascular and kidney research, 129/Sv and C57BL/6JRj. Twelve weeks after 5/6 Nx, CKD was demonstrated by a significant increase in plasma creatinine in both 129/Sv and C57BL/6JRj male mice. Polyuria and kidney histological lesions were more pronounced in 129/Sv than in C57BL/6JRj mice. Increase in albuminuria was significant in 129/Sv but not in C57BL/6JRj mice. Both strains exhibited an increase in systolic blood pressure after 8 weeks associated with decreases in cardiac systolic and diastolic function. Heart weight increased significantly only in 129/Sv mice. Endothelium-dependent mesenteric artery relaxation to acetylcholine was altered after 5/6 Nx in C57BL/6JRj mice. Marked reduction of endothelium-dependent vasodilation to increased intraluminal flow was demonstrated in both strains after 5/6 Nx. Cardiovascular and kidney consequences of 5/6 Nx were more pronounced in 129/Sv than in C57BL/6JRj mice.
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11
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Prophylactic inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase delays onset of nephritis and ameliorates kidney damage in NZB/W F1 mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8993. [PMID: 31222024 PMCID: PMC6586931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45299-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy-fatty-acids (EpFAs), cytochrome P450 dependent arachidonic acid derivatives, have been suggested to have anti-inflammatory properties, though their effects on autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have yet to be investigated. We assessed the influence of EpFAs and their metabolites in lupus prone NZB/W F1 mice by pharmacological inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH, EPHX2). The sEH inhibitor 1770 was administered to lupus prone NZB/W F1 mice in a prophylactic and a therapeutic setting. Prophylactic inhibition of sEH significantly improved survival and reduced proteinuria. By contrast, sEH inhibitor-treated nephritic mice had no survival benefit; however, histological changes were reduced when compared to controls. In humans, urinary EpFA levels were significantly different in 47 SLE patients when compared to 10 healthy controls. Gene expression of EPHX2 was significantly reduced in the kidneys of both NZB/W F1 mice and lupus nephritis (LN) patients. Correlation of EpFAs with SLE disease activity and reduced renal EPHX gene expression in LN suggest roles for these components in human disease.
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12
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Hiesinger K, Wagner KM, Hammock BD, Proschak E, Hwang SH. Development of multitarget agents possessing soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitory activity. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 140:31-39. [PMID: 30593866 PMCID: PMC6345559 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades polypharmacology has emerged as a new paradigm in drug discovery, even though developing drugs with high potency and selectivity toward a single biological target is still a major strategy. Often, targeting only a single enzyme or receptor shows lack of efficacy. High levels of inhibitor of a single target also can lead to adverse side effects. A second target may offer additive or synergistic effects to affecting the first target thereby reducing on- and off-target side effects. Therefore, drugs that inhibit multiple targets may offer a great potential for increased efficacy and reduced the adverse effects. In this review we summarize recent findings of rationally designed multitarget compounds that are aimed to improve efficacy and safety profiles compared to those that target a single enzyme or receptor. We focus on dual inhibitors/modulators that target the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) as a common part of their design to take advantage of the beneficial effects of sEH inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Hiesinger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60439, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Karen M Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60439, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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13
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Liu JY. Inhibition of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase for Renal Health. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1551. [PMID: 30687105 PMCID: PMC6335332 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) mediates the metabolism of epoxy fatty acids to form the corresponding vicinal diols, which are usually inactive or less active than the epoxide substrates. The sEH enzyme presents in many organs, including but not limited to the liver, heart, spleen, lung, and kidney. Here we summarized the changes in the expression and activity of sEH in multiple renal diseases, such as acute kidney injury (AKI), diabetic nephrology (DN), chronic kidney diseases (CKD), hypertension-mediated renal damage, and other renal dysfunctions. We also discussed the pharmacologic effects and the underlying mechanisms of sEH inhibition by using an inhibitor of sEH and/or the generic deletion of sEH on multiple renal diseases. We believe that sEH is a potential therapeutic target for renal dysfunction although the target disease needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yan Liu
- Center for Nephrology and Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Tenth Peoples Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Sala A, Proschak E, Steinhilber D, Rovati GE. Two-pronged approach to anti-inflammatory therapy through the modulation of the arachidonic acid cascade. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 158:161-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Hu DY, Luo Y, Li CB, Zhou CY, Li XH, Peng A, Liu JY. Oxylipin profiling of human plasma reflects the renal dysfunction in uremic patients. Metabolomics 2018; 14:104. [PMID: 30830362 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nearly all the enzymes that mediate the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are present in the kidney. However, the correlation of renal dysfunction with PUFAs metabolism in uremic patients remains unknown. OBJECTIVES To test whether the alterations in the metabolism of PUFAs reflect the renal dysfunction in uremic patients. METHODS LC-MS/MS-based oxylipin profiling was conducted for the plasma samples from the uremic patients and controls. The data were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the correlation of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with the key markers were evaluated. Furthermore, qPCR analysis of the whole blood cells was conducted to investigate the possible mechanisms. In addition, a 2nd cohort was used to validate the findings from the 1st cohort. RESULTS The plasma oxylipin profile distinguished the uremic patients from the controls successfully by using both PCA and OPLS-DA models. 5,6-Dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (5,6-DHET), 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), 9(10)-epoxyoctadecamonoenoic acid [9(10)-EpOME] and 12(13)-EpOME were identified as the key markers to discriminate the patients from controls. The excellent predictive performance of these four markers was validated by ROC analysis. The eGFR significantly correlated with plasma levels of 5,6-DHET and 5-HETE positively but with plasma 9(10)-EpOME and 12(13)-EpOME negatively. The changes of these markers may account for the inactivation of cytochrome P450 2C18, 2C19, microsome epoxide hydrolase (EPHX1), and 5-lipoxygenase in the patients. CONCLUSION The alterations in plasma metabolic profile reflect the renal dysfunction in the uremic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yong Hu
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Center for Nephrology and Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Luo
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Center for Nephrology and Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Bin Li
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Center for Nephrology and Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yu Zhou
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Center for Nephrology and Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Hua Li
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Center for Nephrology and Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai Peng
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Center for Nephrology and Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Yan Liu
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Center for Nephrology and Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Aliwarga T, Evangelista EA, Sotoodehnia N, Lemaitre RN, Totah RA. Regulation of CYP2J2 and EET Levels in Cardiac Disease and Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1916. [PMID: 29966295 PMCID: PMC6073148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2J2 (CYP2J2) is a known arachidonic acid (AA) epoxygenase that mediates the formation of four bioactive regioisomers of cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Although its expression in the liver is low, CYP2J2 is mainly observed in extrahepatic tissues, including the small intestine, pancreas, lung, and heart. Changes in CYP2J2 levels or activity by xenobiotics, disease states, or polymorphisms are proposed to lead to various organ dysfunctions. Several studies have investigated the regulation of CYP2J2 and EET formation in various cell lines and have demonstrated that such regulation is tissue-dependent. In addition, studies linking CYP2J2 polymorphisms to the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) yielded contradictory results. This review will focus on the mechanisms of regulation of CYP2J2 by inducers, inhibitors, and oxidative stress modeling certain disease states in various cell lines and tissues. The implication of CYP2J2 expression, polymorphisms, activity and, as a result, EET levels in the pathophysiology of diabetes and CVD will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Aliwarga
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| | - Eric A Evangelista
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Rheem A Totah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
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17
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[Cardiovascular consequences of chronic kidney disease, impact of modulation of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2018; 67:141-148. [PMID: 29793671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular events are more prevalent in chronic kidney disease than in the general population, being the main cause of morbi-mortality. The physiopathology explaining this association remains complex. Thus, research for new therapies to prevent cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease is a major issue. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, products of the arachidonic acid metabolism, are endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors with vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic, pro-angiogenic and anti-apoptotic properties. A decrease in the bioavailability of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids has been observed in many cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, myocardial infarction or diabetes. Moreover, human studies of genetic polymorphisms of soluble epoxide hydrolase, the enzyme degrading epoxyeicoatrienoic acids, have shown that allelic variants related to an increase in its activity is associated with higher risk of cardiovascular events. Modulation of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids by soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors in some cardiovascular diseases induces structural improvements in the heart, vessels and kidneys, including decrease in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, reduction in cardiac and renal interstitial fibrosis, improvement in renal hemodynamics, and prevention of endothelial dysfunction. In this context, increasing the bioavailability of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids appears to be an interesting therapeutic option in the prevention of cardiovascular events related to chronic kidney disease.
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18
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Čertíková Chábová V, Kujal P, Škaroupková P, Varňourková Z, Vacková Š, Husková Z, Kikerlová S, Sadowski J, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Baranowska I, Hwang SH, Hammock BD, Imig JD, Tesař V, Červenka L. Combined Inhibition of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase and Renin-Angiotensin System Exhibits Superior Renoprotection to Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade in 5/6 Nephrectomized Ren-2 Transgenic Hypertensive Rats with Established Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Blood Press Res 2018. [PMID: 29529602 DOI: 10.1159/000487902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We found recently that increasing renal epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) levels by blocking soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme responsible for EETs degradation, shows renoprotective actions and retards the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Ren-2 transgenic hypertensive rats (TGR) after 5/6 renal ablation (5/6 NX). This prompted us to examine if additional protection is provided when sEH inhibitor is added to the standard renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade, specifically in rats with established CKD. METHODS For RAS blockade, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor along with an angiotensin II type receptor blocker was used. RAS blockade was compared to sEH inhibition added to the RAS blockade. Treatments were initiated 6 weeks after 5/6 NX in TGR and the follow-up period was 60 weeks. RESULTS Combined RAS and sEH blockade exhibited additional positive impact on the rat survival rate, further reduced albuminuria, further reduced glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury, and attenuated the decline in creatinine clearance when compared to 5/6 NX TGR subjected to RAS blockade alone. These additional beneficial actions were associated with normalization of the intrarenal EETs deficient and a further reduction of urinary angiotensinogen excretion. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that addition of pharmacological inhibition of sEH to RAS blockade in 5/6 NX TGR enhances renoprotection and retards progression of CKD, notably, when applied at an advanced stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Věra Čertíková Chábová
- Department of Nephrology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kujal
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Škaroupková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Varňourková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Vacková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Husková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Kikerlová
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Janusz Sadowski
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kompanowska-Jezierska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Baranowska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and UCD Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and UCD Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - John D Imig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Vladimír Tesař
- Department of Nephrology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Červenka
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathophysiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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19
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20-HETE promotes glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in an autocrine manner through FFAR1. Nat Commun 2018; 9:177. [PMID: 29330456 PMCID: PMC5766607 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-chain fatty acid receptor FFAR1 is highly expressed in pancreatic β-cells. Synthetic FFAR1 agonists can be used as antidiabetic drugs to promote glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). However, the physiological role of FFAR1 in β-cells remains poorly understood. Here we show that 20-HETE activates FFAR1 and promotes GSIS via FFAR1 with higher potency and efficacy than dietary fatty acids such as palmitic, linoleic, and α-linolenic acid. Murine and human β-cells produce 20-HETE, and the ω-hydroxylase-mediated formation and release of 20-HETE is strongly stimulated by glucose. Pharmacological inhibition of 20-HETE formation and blockade of FFAR1 in islets inhibits GSIS. In islets from type-2 diabetic humans and mice, glucose-stimulated 20-HETE formation and 20-HETE-dependent stimulation of GSIS are strongly reduced. We show that 20-HETE is an FFAR1 agonist, which functions as an autocrine positive feed-forward regulator of GSIS, and that a reduced glucose-induced 20-HETE formation contributes to inefficient GSIS in type-2 diabetes. FFAR1 receptor is highly expressed in beta cells and its activation has been suggested as therapy against type-2 diabetes. Here, Tunaru et al. show that 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, produced within the islets upon glucose stimulation, acts in an autocrine manner to stimulate insulin secretion via FFAR1 activation.
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20
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Yang SH, Kim YC, An JN, Kim JH, Lee J, Lee HY, Cho JY, Paik JH, Oh YK, Lim CS, Kim YS, Lee JP. Active maintenance of endothelial cells prevents kidney fibrosis. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2017; 36:329-341. [PMID: 29285425 PMCID: PMC5743042 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.2017.36.4.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) expressed by endothelial cells catalyzes the metabolism of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which are vasoactive agents. Methods We used a unilateral ureteral obstruction mouse model of kidney fibrosis to determine whether inhibition of sEH activity reduces fibrosis, the final common pathway for chronic kidney disease. Results sEH activity was inhibited by continuous release of the inhibitor 12-(3-adamantan-1-ylureido)-dodecanoic acid (AUDA) for 1 or 2 weeks. Treatment with AUDA significantly ameliorated tubulointerstitial fibrosis by reducing fibroblast mobilization and enhancing endothelial cell activity. In an in vitro model of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) using human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), AUDA prevented the morphologic changes associated with EndMT and reduced expression of fibroblast-specific protein 1. Furthermore, HUVECs activated by AUDA prevented the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tubular epithelial cells in a co-culture system. Conclusion Our findings suggest that regulation of sEH is a potential target for therapies aimed at delaying the progression of kidney fibrosis by inhibiting EndMT and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hee Yang
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Seoul National University Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Chul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Nam An
- Department of Internal Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hyuk Kim
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juhoh Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hee-Yoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Paik
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yun Kyu Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chun Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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21
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Garscha U, Romp E, Pace S, Rossi A, Temml V, Schuster D, König S, Gerstmeier J, Liening S, Werner M, Atze H, Wittmann S, Weinigel C, Rummler S, Scriba GK, Sautebin L, Werz O. Pharmacological profile and efficiency in vivo of diflapolin, the first dual inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein and soluble epoxide hydrolase. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9398. [PMID: 28839250 PMCID: PMC5571211 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09795-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is metabolized to diverse bioactive lipid mediators. Whereas the 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) facilitates AA conversion by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) to pro-inflammatory leukotrienes (LTs), the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) degrades anti-inflammatory epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Accordingly, dual FLAP/sEH inhibition might be advantageous drugs for intervention of inflammation. We present the in vivo pharmacological profile and efficiency of N-[4-(benzothiazol-2-ylmethoxy)-2-methylphenyl]-N′-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (diflapolin) that dually targets FLAP and sEH. Diflapolin inhibited 5-LOX product formation in intact human monocytes and neutrophils with IC50 = 30 and 170 nM, respectively, and suppressed the activity of isolated sEH (IC50 = 20 nM). Characteristic for FLAP inhibitors, diflapolin (I) failed to inhibit isolated 5-LOX, (II) blocked 5-LOX product formation in HEK cells only when 5-LOX/FLAP was co-expressed, (III) lost potency in intact cells when exogenous AA was supplied, and (IV) prevented 5-LOX/FLAP complex assembly in leukocytes. Diflapolin showed target specificity, as other enzymes related to AA metabolism (i.e., COX1/2, 12/15-LOX, LTA4H, LTC4S, mPGES1, and cPLA2) were not inhibited. In the zymosan-induced mouse peritonitis model, diflapolin impaired vascular permeability, inhibited cysteinyl-LTs and LTB4 formation, and suppressed neutrophil infiltration. Diflapolin is a highly active dual FLAP/sEH inhibitor in vitro and in vivo with target specificity to treat inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Garscha
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Erik Romp
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Simona Pace
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Antonietta Rossi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronika Temml
- Department of Pharmacy / Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Department of Pharmacy / Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefanie König
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Gerstmeier
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Liening
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Werner
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Heiner Atze
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra Wittmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christina Weinigel
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Silke Rummler
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerhard K Scriba
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Lidia Sautebin
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Oliver Werz
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743, Jena, Germany
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22
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Hu J, Geyer A, Dziumbla S, Awwad K, Zeldin DC, Schunck WH, Popp R, Frömel T, Fleming I. Role of Müller cell cytochrome P450 2c44 in murine retinal angiogenesis. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 133:93-102. [PMID: 28442442 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolites have been linked to angiogenesis and vessel homeostasis. However, the role of individual CYP isoforms and their endogenous metabolites in those processes are not clear. Here, we focused on the role of Cyp2c44 in postnatal retinal angiogenesis and report that Cyp2c44 is highly expressed in Müller glial cells in the retina. The constitutive as well as inducible postnatal genetic deletion of Cyp2c44 resulted in an increased vessel network density without affecting vessel radial expansion during the first postnatal week. This phenotype was associated with an increased endothelial cell proliferation and attenuated Notch signaling. LC-MS/MS analyses revealed that levels of hydroxydocosahexaenoic acids (HDHA), i.e., 10-, 17- and 20-HDHA were significantly elevated in retinas from 5day old Cyp2c44-/- mice compared to their wild-type littermates. Enzymatic activity assays revealed that HDHAs were potential substrates for Cyp2c44 which could account for the increased levels of HDHAs in retinas from Cyp2c44-/- mice. These data indicate that Cyp2c44 is expressed in the murine retina and, like the soluble epoxide hydrolase, is expressed in Müller glia cells. The enhanced endothelial cell proliferation and Notch inhibition seen in retinas from Cyp2c44-deficient mice indicate a role for Cyp2c44-derived lipid mediators in physiological angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Hu
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, D-60596, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexandra Geyer
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, D-60596, Germany
| | - Sarah Dziumbla
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, D-60596, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Khader Awwad
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, D-60596, Germany
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Wolf-Hagen Schunck
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str 10, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Popp
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, D-60596, Germany
| | - Timo Frömel
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, D-60596, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, D-60596, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Meirer K, Glatzel D, Kretschmer S, Wittmann SK, Hartmann M, Blöcher R, Angioni C, Geisslinger G, Steinhilber D, Hofmann B, Fürst R, Proschak E. Design, Synthesis and Cellular Characterization of a Dual Inhibitor of 5-Lipoxygenase and Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase. Molecules 2016; 22:molecules22010045. [PMID: 28036068 PMCID: PMC6155600 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The arachidonic acid cascade is a key player in inflammation, and numerous well-established drugs interfere with this pathway. Previous studies have suggested that simultaneous inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) results in synergistic anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, a novel prototype of a dual 5-LO/sEH inhibitor KM55 was rationally designed and synthesized. KM55 was evaluated in enzyme activity assays with recombinant enzymes. Furthermore, activity of KM55 in human whole blood and endothelial cells was investigated. KM55 potently inhibited both enzymes in vitro and attenuated the formation of leukotrienes in human whole blood. KM55 was also tested in a cell function-based assay. The compound significantly inhibited the LPS-induced adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells by blocking leukocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Meirer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Daniel Glatzel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Simon Kretschmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Sandra K Wittmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Markus Hartmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - René Blöcher
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Carlo Angioni
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Bettina Hofmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Robert Fürst
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Data on expression of lipoxygenases-5 and -12 in the normal and acetaminophen-damaged liver. Data Brief 2016; 7:1199-203. [PMID: 27408922 PMCID: PMC4927949 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present additional data on the expression of lipoxygenases -5 and -12 in the normal and acetaminophen-damaged liver, which are associated with our manuscript recently published in Chemico-Biological Interactions on lipid metabolism and eicosanoid signaling pathways involved in acetaminophen-induced liver damage in a mouse model (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2015.10.019 [1]). It has been demonstrated that the expression of lipoxygenase-5 and leukotriene formation are increased in the livers of rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced cirrhosis (http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/gast.2000.17831 [2]). In addition, the lipoxygenase-12 is known to be expressed in the resident macrophage population of the liver (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00396-8 [3]). Mice were injected with acetaminophen, and at 48 h their livers were processed for immunohistochemistry with anti-mouse lipoxygenase-5 and -12 antibodies. At the same time point, the RNA was also extracted from the liver to assess the expression of lipoxygenase-5 and -12 genes via qPCR analysis. Our results show that lipoxygenase-5 expression, but not that of lipoxygenase-12, changes significantly in the acetominophen-damaged liver.
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25
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Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase-Deficient Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145645. [PMID: 26727266 PMCID: PMC4699807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent eicosanoids that play opposite roles in the regulation of vascular tone, inflammation, and apoptosis. 20-HETE aggravates, whereas EETs ameliorate ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced organ damage. EETs are rapidly metabolized to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) by the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). We hypothesized that sEH gene (EPHX2) deletion would increase endogenous EET levels and thereby protect against I/R-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). METHODS Kidney damage was evaluated in male wildtype (WT) and sEH-knockout (KO)-mice that underwent 22-min renal ischemia followed by two days of reperfusion. CYP-eicosanoids were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Contrary to our initial hypothesis, renal function declined more severely in sEH-KO mice as indicated by higher serum creatinine and urea levels. The sEH-KO-mice also featured stronger tubular lesion scores, tubular apoptosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Plasma and renal EET/DHET-ratios were higher in sEH-KO than WT mice, thus confirming the expected metabolic consequences of sEH deficiency. However, CYP-eicosanoid profiling also revealed that renal, but not plasma and hepatic, 20-HETE levels were significantly increased in sEH-KO compared to WT mice. In line with this finding, renal expression of Cyp4a12a, the murine 20-HETE-generating CYP-enzyme, was up-regulated both at the mRNA and protein level, and Cyp4a12a immunostaining was more intense in the renal arterioles of sEH-KO compared with WT mice. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the potential beneficial effects of reducing EET degradation were obliterated by a thus far unknown mechanism leading to kidney-specific up-regulation of 20-HETE formation in sEH-KO-mice.
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Roche C, Guerrot D, Harouki N, Duflot T, Besnier M, Rémy-Jouet I, Renet S, Dumesnil A, Lejeune A, Morisseau C, Richard V, Bellien J. Impact of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition on early kidney damage in hyperglycemic overweight mice. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 120:148-54. [PMID: 26022136 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study addressed the hypothesis that inhibition of the EETs degrading enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase affords renal protection in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy. The renal effects of the sEH inhibitor t-AUCB (10mg/l in drinking water) were compared to those of the sulfonylurea glibenclamide (80mg/l), both administered for 8 weeks in FVB mice subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% fat) for 16 weeks. Mice on control chow diet (10% fat) and non-treated HFD mice served as controls. Compared with non-treated HFD mice, HFD mice treated with t-AUCB had a decreased EET degradation, as shown by their higher plasma EETs-to-DHETs ratio, and an increased EET production, as shown by the increase in EETs+DHETs levels, which was associated with induction of CYP450 epoxygenase expression. Both agents similarly reduced fasting glycemia but only t-AUCB prevented the increase in the urinary albumine-to-creatinine ratio in HFD mice. Histopathological analysis showed that t-AUCB reduced renal inflammation, which was associated with an increased mRNA expression of the NFκB inhibitor Iκ≡ and related decrease in MCP-1, COX2 and VCAM-1 expressions. Finally, there was a marginally significant increase in reactive oxygen species production in HFD mice, together with an enhanced NOX2 expression. Both agents did not modify these parameters but t-AUCB increased the expression of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 1. These results demonstrate that, independently from its glucose-lowering effect, sEH inhibition prevents microalbuminuria and renal inflammation in overweight hyperglycemic mice, suggesting that this pharmacological strategy could be useful in the management of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clothilde Roche
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen, France; University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Dominique Guerrot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen, France; University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France; Department of Nephrology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Najah Harouki
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen, France; University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Thomas Duflot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen, France; University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France; Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Marie Besnier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen, France; University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Isabelle Rémy-Jouet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen, France; University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Sylvanie Renet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen, France; University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Anaïs Dumesnil
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen, France; University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Annie Lejeune
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen, France; University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Vincent Richard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen, France; University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France; Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Jeremy Bellien
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen, France; University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France; Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.
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Genetic deletion of soluble epoxide hydrolase attenuates inflammation and fibrosis in experimental obstructive nephropathy. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:693260. [PMID: 25688176 PMCID: PMC4320902 DOI: 10.1155/2015/693260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is abundantly expressed in kidney and plays a potent role in regulating inflammatory response in inflammatory diseases. However, the role of sEH in progression of chronic kidney diseases such as obstructive nephropathy is still elusive. In current study, wild-type (WT) and sEH deficient (sEH (-/-)) mice were subjected to the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) surgery and the kidney injury was evaluated by histological examination, western blotting, and ELISA. The protein level of sEH in kidney was increased in UUO-treated mice group compared to nonobstructed group. Additionally, UUO-induced hydronephrosis, renal tubular injury, inflammation, and fibrosis were ameliorated in sEH (-/-) mice with the exception of glomerulosclerosis. Moreover, sEH (-/-) mice with UUO showed lower levels of inflammation-related and fibrosis-related protein such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, collagen 1A1, and α-actin. The levels of superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide as well as NADPH oxidase activity were also decreased in UUO kidneys of sEH (-/-) mice compared to that observed in WT mice. Collectively, our findings suggest that sEH plays an important role in the pathogenesis of experimental obstructive nephropathy and may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of obstructive nephropathy-related diseases.
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28
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Kujal P, Čertíková Chábová V, Škaroupková P, Husková Z, Vernerová Z, Kramer HJ, Walkowska A, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Sadowski J, Kitada K, Nishiyama A, Hwang SH, Hammock BD, Imig JD, Červenka L. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase is renoprotective in 5/6 nephrectomized Ren-2 transgenic hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 41:227-37. [PMID: 24471737 PMCID: PMC4038339 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
1. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that increasing kidney tissue concentrations of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) by preventing their degradation to the biologically inactive dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETEs) using blockade of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) would attenuate the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). 2. Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR) after 5/6 renal mass reduction (5/6 NX) served as a model of CKD associated with angiotensin (Ang) II-dependent hypertension. Soluble epoxide hydrolase was inhibited using cis-4-[4-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)cyclohexyloxy]benzoic acid (c-AUCB; 3 mg/L drinking water) for 20 weeks after 5/6 NX. Sham-operated normotensive transgene-negative Hannover Sprague-Dawley (HanSD) rats served as controls. 3. When applied in TGR subjected to 5/6 NX, c-AUCB treatment improved survival rate, prevented the increase in blood pressure, retarded the progression of cardiac hypertrophy, reduced proteinuria and the degree of glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury and reduced glomerular volume. All these organ-protective actions were associated with normalization of the intrarenal EETs : DHETEs ratio, an index of the availability of biologically active EETs, to levels observed in sham-operated HanSD rats. There were no significant concurrent changes of increased intrarenal AngII content. 4. Together, these results show that 5/6 NX TGR exhibit a profound deficiency of intrarenal availability of active epoxygenase metabolites (EETs), which probably contributes to the progression of CKD in this model of AngII-dependent hypertension, and that restoration of intrarenal availability of EETs using long-term c-AUCB treatment exhibits substantial renoprotective actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kujal
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pathology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Matsumoto N, Suzuki E, Ishikawa M, Shirafuji T, Hasumi K. Soluble epoxide hydrolase as an anti-inflammatory target of the thrombolytic stroke drug SMTP-7. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:35826-38. [PMID: 25361765 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.588087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide, only a small fraction of patients benefit from the current thrombolytic therapy due to a risk of cerebral hemorrhage caused by inflammation. Thus, the development of a new strategy to combat inflammation during thrombolysis is an urgent demand. The small molecule thrombolytic SMTP-7 effectively treats ischemic stroke in several animal models with reducing cerebral hemorrhage. Here we revealed that SMTP-7 targeted soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) to suppress inflammation. SMTP-7 inhibited both of the two sEH enzyme activities: epoxide hydrolase (which inactivates anti-inflammatory epoxy-fatty acids) and lipid phosphate phosphatase. SMTP-7 suppressed epoxy-fatty acid hydrolysis in HepG2 cells in culture, implicating the sEH inhibition in the anti-inflammatory mechanism. The sEH inhibition by SMTP-7 was independent of its thrombolytic activity. The simultaneous targeting of thrombolysis and sEH by a single molecule is a promising strategy to revolutionize the current stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Matsumoto
- From the Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo Noko University, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Eriko Suzuki
- From the Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo Noko University, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makoto Ishikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Nihon Pharmaceutical, 34 Shin-izumi, Narita, Chiba 286-0825, Japan, and
| | - Takumi Shirafuji
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Nihon Pharmaceutical, 34 Shin-izumi, Narita, Chiba 286-0825, Japan, and
| | - Keiji Hasumi
- From the Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo Noko University, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan, TMS Co., Ltd., 1-32-1-102 Fuchucho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-0055, Japan
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Kim J, Imig JD, Yang J, Hammock BD, Padanilam BJ. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase prevents renal interstitial fibrosis and inflammation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F971-80. [PMID: 25164080 PMCID: PMC4200297 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00256.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological events that lead to renal interstitial fibrogenesis are incompletely understood. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), an arachidonic acid metabolite, has anti-inflammatory and profibrinolytic functions. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) converts EET to less active dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid. Here, we tested the hypothesis that sEH deficiency would prevent tubulointerstitial fibrosis and inflammation induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in mouse kidneys. The loss of sEH enhanced levels of EET regioisomers and abolished tubulointerstitial fibrosis as demonstrated by reduced collagen deposition and myofibroblast formation at 3 and 10 days after UUO. The inflammatory response was prevented as demonstrated by decreased influx of neutrophil and macrophage, expression of inflammatory cytokines, and chemotactic factors in sEH-deficient UUO kidneys. Pharmacological inhibition of sEH also prevented inflammation and fibrosis after UUO. Next, we delved into the molecular mechanisms piloting the beneficial effects of sEH deficiency in renal fibrosis. UUO upregulated profibrotic factors associated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/Smad3 signaling, oxidative stress, and NF-κB activation, and downregulated antifibrotic factors including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isoforms, especially PPARγ, but the loss of sEH prevented these adverse effects in UUO kidneys. Furthermore, administration of PPAR antagonists enhanced myofibroblast formation and activation of Smad3 and NF-κB p65, effects that were prevented by sEH deficiency in UUO kidneys. These data demonstrate that loss of sEH promotes anti-inflammatory and fibroprotective effects in UUO kidneys via activation of PPAR isoforms and downregulation of NF-κB, TGF-β1/Smad3, and inflammatory signaling pathways. Our data suggest the potential use of sEH inhibitors in treating fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinu Kim
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Anatomy, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedicine and Drug Development, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - John D Imig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California; and
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California; and
| | - Babu J Padanilam
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Fleming I. The Pharmacology of the Cytochrome P450 Epoxygenase/Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Axis in the Vasculature and Cardiovascular Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2014; 66:1106-40. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.007781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Duflot T, Roche C, Lamoureux F, Guerrot D, Bellien J. Design and discovery of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:229-43. [PMID: 24490654 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.881354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death in developed countries. Increasing evidence shows that the alteration in the normal functions of the vascular endothelium plays a major role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. However, specific agents designed to prevent endothelial dysfunction and related cardiovascular complications are still lacking. One emerging strategy is to increase the bioavailability of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), synthesized by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases from arachidonic acid. EETs are endothelium-derived hyperpolarising and relaxing factors and display attractive anti-inflammatory and metabolic properties. Genetic polymorphism studies in humans, and experiments in animal models of diseases, have identified soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), the major enzyme involved in EET degradation, as a potential pharmacological target. AREAS COVERED This review presents EET pathway and its functions and summarises the data supporting the development of sEH inhibitors for the treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Furthermore, the authors present the different chemical families of sEH inhibitors developed and their effects in animal models of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. EXPERT OPINION Several generations of sEH inhibitors have now been designed to treat endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular complications for a variety of diseases. The safety of these drugs remains to be carefully investigated, particularly in relation to carcinogenesis. The increasing knowledge of the biological role of each of the EET isomers and of their metabolites may improve their pharmacological profile. This, in turn, could potentially lead to the identification of new pharmacological agents that achieve the cellular effects needed without the deleterious side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Duflot
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Pharmacology , Rouen , France
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Babelova A, Jansen F, Sander K, Löhn M, Schäfer L, Fork C, Ruetten H, Plettenburg O, Stark H, Daniel C, Amann K, Pavenstädt H, Jung O, Brandes RP. Activation of Rac-1 and RhoA contributes to podocyte injury in chronic kidney disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80328. [PMID: 24244677 PMCID: PMC3820652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho-family GTPases like RhoA and Rac-1 are potent regulators of cellular signaling that control gene expression, migration and inflammation. Activation of Rho-GTPases has been linked to podocyte dysfunction, a feature of chronic kidney diseases (CKD). We investigated the effect of Rac-1 and Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibition on progressive renal failure in mice and studied the underlying mechanisms in podocytes. SV129 mice were subjected to 5/6-nephrectomy which resulted in arterial hypertension and albuminuria. Subgroups of animals were treated with the Rac-1 inhibitor EHT1846, the ROCK inhibitor SAR407899 and the ACE inhibitor Ramipril. Only Ramipril reduced hypertension. In contrast, all inhibitors markedly attenuated albumin excretion as well as glomerular and tubulo-interstitial damage. The combination of SAR407899 and Ramipril was more effective in preventing albuminuria than Ramipril alone. To study the involved mechanisms, podocytes were cultured from SV129 mice and exposed to static stretch in the Flexcell device. This activated RhoA and Rac-1 and led via TGFβ to apoptosis and a switch of the cells into a more mesenchymal phenotype, as evident from loss of WT-1 and nephrin and induction of α-SMA and fibronectin expression. Rac-1 and ROCK inhibition as well as blockade of TGFβ dramatically attenuated all these responses. This suggests that Rac-1 and RhoA are mediators of podocyte dysfunction in CKD. Inhibition of Rho-GTPases may be a novel approach for the treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felix Jansen
- Physiology I, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kerstin Sander
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Liliana Schäfer
- General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Fork
- Physiology I, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Holger Stark
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Pathology, Nephropathology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Pathology, Nephropathology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hermann Pavenstädt
- Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Jung
- Physiology I, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Internal Medicine/Nephrology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ralf P. Brandes
- Physiology I, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Meirer K, Steinhilber D, Proschak E. Inhibitors of the Arachidonic Acid Cascade: Interfering with Multiple Pathways. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 114:83-91. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Meirer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; OSF/ZAFES/TMP; Goethe-University of Frankfurt; Frankfurt Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; OSF/ZAFES/TMP; Goethe-University of Frankfurt; Frankfurt Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; OSF/ZAFES/TMP; Goethe-University of Frankfurt; Frankfurt Germany
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Lee AR, Pechenino AS, Dong H, Hammock BD, Knowlton AA. Aging, estrogen loss and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). PLoS One 2013; 8:e70719. [PMID: 23967089 PMCID: PMC3742755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key element in many cardiovascular diseases. Both estrogen loss, caused by menopause, and aging have inflammatory consequences. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are anti-inflammatory molecules synthesized by various cytochrome P450 (Cyp) enzymes from arachidonic acid. EETs are in the third (Cytochrome P450) pathway of arachindonic acid metabolism, others being cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases. We hypothesized that aging and estrogen loss would reduce levels of anti-inflammatory EETs. Adult (6 mo) and aged (22 mo) ovariectomized rats with (OP) and without (Ovx) 17-∃-estradiol replacement were used in this study. Mass spectrometry was used to measure levels of EETs and their metabolites, dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs). Levels of Cyp2C2, Cyp2C6, and Cyp2J2, the principal Cyps responsible for EETs synthesis, as well as soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), which metabolizes EETS to DHETs, were determined via western blot. Overall Cyp levels decreased with age, though Cyp2C6 increased in the liver. sEH was increased in the kidney with estrogen replacement. Despite protein changes, no differences were measured in plasma or aortic tissue levels of EETs. However, plasma 14,15 DHET was increased in aged Ovx, and 5,6 DHET in adult OP. In conclusion neither aging nor estrogen loss decreased the anti-inflammatory EETs in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison R. Lee
- Molecular & Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Angela S. Pechenino
- Molecular & Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Hua Dong
- Department of Entymology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entymology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Anne A. Knowlton
- Molecular & Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- The Department of Veteran's Affairs, Northern California VA, Sacramento, California, United States of America
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Oni-Orisan A, Deng Y, Schuck RN, Theken KN, Edin ML, Lih FB, Molnar K, DeGraff L, Tomer KB, Zeldin DC, Lee CR. Dual modulation of cyclooxygenase and CYP epoxygenase metabolism and acute vascular inflammation in mice. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2013; 104-105:67-73. [PMID: 23000418 PMCID: PMC3549041 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived prostaglandins and cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenase-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids are important regulators of inflammation; however, functional interactions between these pathways in the regulation of vascular inflammation in vivo have not been studied. We investigated the relative and additive effects of endothelial CYP2J2 overexpression (Tie2-CYP2J2-Tr), global sEH disruption (Ephx2(-/-)), and pharmacologic COX inhibition with indomethacin on the acute vascular inflammatory response to endotoxin in mice. Compared to vehicle-treated wild-type C57BL/6 controls, induction of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in lung and liver was similarly attenuated in Tie2-CYP2J2-Tr mice, Ephx2(-/-) mice and wild-type mice treated with moderate dose indomethacin. Dual modulation of both pathways, however, did not produce an additive anti-inflammatory effect. These findings demonstrate that both COX and CYP epoxygenase-mediated eicosanoid metabolism are important regulators of the acute vascular inflammatory response in vivo, and suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of modulating each pathway may be mediated, at least in part, by overlapping mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinyemi Oni-Orisan
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Yangmei Deng
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Robert N. Schuck
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Katherine N. Theken
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Matthew L. Edin
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, United States
| | - Fred B. Lih
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, United States
| | - Kimberly Molnar
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Laura DeGraff
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, United States
| | - Kenneth B. Tomer
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, United States
| | - Darryl C. Zeldin
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, United States
| | - Craig R. Lee
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
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Harris TR, Hammock BD. Soluble epoxide hydrolase: gene structure, expression and deletion. Gene 2013; 526:61-74. [PMID: 23701967 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) converts epoxides to their corresponding diols through the addition of a water molecule. sEH readily hydrolyzes lipid signaling molecules, including the epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), epoxidized lipids produced from arachidonic acid by the action of cytochrome p450s. Through its metabolism of the EETs and other lipid mediators, sEH contributes to the regulation of vascular tone, nociception, angiogenesis and the inflammatory response. Because of its central physiological role in disease states such as cardiac hypertrophy, diabetes, hypertension, and pain sEH is being investigated as a therapeutic target. This review begins with a brief introduction to sEH protein structure and function. sEH evolution and gene structure are then discussed before human small nucleotide polymorphisms and mammalian gene expression are described in the context of several disease models. The review ends with an overview of studies that have employed the sEH knockout mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd R Harris
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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38
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Buscató E, Büttner D, Brüggerhoff A, Klingler FM, Weber J, Scholz B, Zivković A, Marschalek R, Stark H, Steinhilber D, Bode HB, Proschak E. From a multipotent stilbene to soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors with antiproliferative properties. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:919-23. [PMID: 23596124 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by nature: Natural product isopropylstilbene was identified as an inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase exhibiting antiproliferative properties. Following the natural product inspired design approach, a library of (E)-styryl-1H-benzo[d]imidazoles was synthesized and evaluated with recombinant enzyme and on several cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estella Buscató
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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40
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Meirer K, Rödl CB, Wisniewska JM, George S, Häfner AK, Buscató EL, Klingler FM, Hahn S, Berressem D, Wittmann SK, Steinhilber D, Hofmann B, Proschak E. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of novel dual inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase and 5-lipoxygenase. J Med Chem 2013; 56:1777-81. [PMID: 23356879 DOI: 10.1021/jm301617j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Current research leads to the assumption that drugs affecting more than one target could result in a more efficient treatment of diseases and fewer safety concerns. Administration of drugs inhibiting only one branch of the arachidonic acid cascade is usually accompanied by side effects. We therefore designed and synthesized a library of hybrid molecules incorporating an imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine and an urea moiety as novel soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH)/5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) dual inhibitors. Evaluation of the compounds was accomplished by in vitro testing using recombinant enzyme assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Meirer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ZAFES/LiFF/OSF, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Wang Q, Pang W, Cui Z, Shi J, Liu Y, Liu B, Zhou Y, Guan Y, Hammock BD, Wang Y, Zhu Y. Upregulation of soluble epoxide hydrolase in proximal tubular cells mediated proteinuria-induced renal damage. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 304:F168-76. [PMID: 23152298 PMCID: PMC3543623 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00129.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, hydrolyzed by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), have multiple biological functions, including the regulation of vascular tone, renal tubular transport, and being anti-inflammatory. Inhibitors of sEH have been demonstrated to be antihypertensive and renal protective. To elucidate the role of sEH in glomerulonephritis, we first determined the expression of sEH in human kidney by examining biopsies from 153 patients with a variety of glomerulonephritis, including minimal-change, membranous, and IgA nephropathy. Immunohistochemical staining of frozen kidney biopsy samples revealed sEH preferentially expressed in the renal proximal tubular cells, and its expression increased in all patients with glomerulonephritis. The level of sEH in the cortex was positively correlated with proteinuria and negatively with serum albumin level. To investigate the role of sEH in proteinuria-induced renal damage, we incubated purified urine protein from patients with rat renal proximal tubular epithelial cells in vitro. The level of sEH was elevated, as were monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and the process of tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, characterized with increased α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and decreased E-cadherin. These effects were attenuated by administration of a potent sEH inhibitor and mimicked with adenovirus-mediated sEH overexpression. In adriamycin-induced nephropathic mice, sEH inhibitor did not ameliorate proteinuria or level of serum albumin but reduced the long-term elevated serum creatinine level, interstitial inflammation, fibrosis, and α-SMA expression. Thus upregulation of sEH in proximal tubular cells in chronic proteinuric kidney diseases may mediate proteinuria-induced renal damage; sEH inhibition by increasing renal eicosanoid levels could prevent the progression of chronic proteinuric kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Dept. of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking Univ. Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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Zhang K, Wang J, Zhang H, Chen J, Zuo Z, Wang J, Huang H. Mechanisms of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids to improve cardiac remodeling in chronic renal failure disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 701:33-9. [PMID: 23313758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Both clinical and basic science studies have demonstrated that cardiac remodeling in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) is very common. It is a key feature during the course of heart failure and an important risk factor for subsequent cardiac mortality. Traditional drugs or therapies rarely have effects on cardiac regression of CRF and cardiovascular events are still the first cause of death. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are the products of arachidonic acids metabolized by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases. It has been found that EETs have important biological effects including anti-hypertension and anti-inflammation. Recent data suggest that EETs are involved in regulating cardiomyocyte injury, renal dysfunction, chronic kidney disease (CKD)-related risk factors and signaling pathways, all of which play key roles in cardiac remodeling induced by CRF. This review analyzes the literature to identify the possible mechanisms for EETs to improve cardiac remodeling induced by CRF and indicates the therapeutic potential of EETs in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
The present review first summarizes the complex chain of events, in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, that leads to endothelium-dependent relaxations (vasodilatations) due to the generation of nitric oxide (NO) by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and how therapeutic interventions may improve the bioavailability of NO and thus prevent/cure endothelial dysfunction. Then, the role of other endothelium-derived mediators (endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing (EDHF) and contracting (EDCF) factors, endothelin-1) and signals (myoendothelial coupling) is summarized also, with special emphasis on their interaction(s) with the NO pathway, which make the latter not only a major mediator but also a key regulator of endothelium-dependent responses.
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Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Impact of soluble epoxide hydrolase and epoxyeicosanoids on human health. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 53:37-58. [PMID: 23020295 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-011112-140244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The presence of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) in tissues and their metabolism by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) to 1,2-diols were first reported 30 years ago. However, appreciation of their importance in cell biology and physiology has greatly accelerated over the past decade with the discovery of metabolically stable inhibitors of sEH, the commercial availability of EETs, and the development of analytical methods for the quantification of EETs and their diols. Numerous roles of EETs in regulatory biology now are clear, and the value of sEH inhibition in various animal models of disease has been demonstrated. Here, we review these results and discuss how the pharmacological stabilization of EETs and other natural epoxy-fatty acids could lead to possible disease therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Ulu A, Appt S, Morisseau C, Hwang SH, Jones PD, Rose TE, Dong H, Lango J, Yang J, Tsai HJ, Miyabe C, Fortenbach C, Adams MR, Hammock BD. Pharmacokinetics and in vivo potency of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors in cynomolgus monkeys. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:1401-12. [PMID: 21880036 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01641.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors (sEHIs) possess anti-inflammatory, antiatherosclerotic, antihypertensive and analgesic properties. The pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics in terms of inhibitory potency of sEHIs were assessed in non-human primates (NHPs). Development of a sEHI for use in NHPs will facilitate investigations on the role of sEH in numerous chronic inflammatory conditions. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH PK parameters of 11 sEHIs in cynomolgus monkeys were determined after oral dosing with 0.3 mg·kg(-1). Their physical properties and inhibitory potency in hepatic cytosol of cynomolgus monkeys were examined. Dose-dependent effects of the two inhibitors 1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea (TPPU) and the related acetyl piperidine derivative, 1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-acetylpiperidin-4-yl) urea (TPAU), on natural blood eicosanoids, were determined. KEY RESULTS Among the inhibitors tested, TPPU and two 4-(cyclohexyloxy) benzoic acid urea sEHIs displayed high plasma concentrations (>10 × IC(50)), when dosed orally at 0.3 mg·kg(-1). Although the 4-(cyclohexyloxy) benzoic acid ureas were more potent against monkey sEH than piperidyl ureas (TPAU and TPPU), the latter compounds showed higher plasma concentrations and more drug-like properties. The C(max) increased with dose from 0.3 to 3 mg·kg(-1) for TPPU and from 0.1 to 3 mg·kg(-1) for TPAU, although it was not linear over this range of doses. As an indication of target engagement, ratios of linoleate epoxides to diols increased with TPPU administration. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our data indicate that TPPU is suitable for investigating sEH biology and the role of epoxide-containing lipids in modulating inflammatory diseases in NHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ulu
- Department of Entomology and Cancer Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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46
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Imig JD. Epoxides and soluble epoxide hydrolase in cardiovascular physiology. Physiol Rev 2012; 92:101-30. [PMID: 22298653 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00021.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are arachidonic acid metabolites that importantly contribute to vascular and cardiac physiology. The contribution of EETs to vascular and cardiac function is further influenced by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) that degrades EETs to diols. Vascular actions of EETs include dilation and angiogenesis. EETs also decrease inflammation and platelet aggregation and in general act to maintain vascular homeostasis. Myocyte contraction and increased coronary blood flow are the two primary EET actions in the heart. EET cell signaling mechanisms are tissue and organ specific and provide significant evidence for the existence of EET receptors. Additionally, pharmacological and genetic manipulations of EETs and sEH have demonstrated a contribution for this metabolic pathway to cardiovascular diseases. Given the impact of EETs to cardiovascular physiology, there is emerging evidence that development of EET-based therapeutics will be beneficial for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Imig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
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Moser D, Wisniewska JM, Hahn S, Achenbach J, Buscató E, Klingler FM, Hofmann B, Steinhilber D, Proschak E. Dual-target virtual screening by pharmacophore elucidation and molecular shape filtering. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:155-8. [PMID: 24900445 PMCID: PMC4025812 DOI: 10.1021/ml200286e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-target inhibitors gained increased attention in the past years. A novel in silico approach was employed for the discovery of dual 5-lipoxygenase/soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors. The ligand-based approach uses excessive pharmacophore elucidation and pharmacophore alignment in conjunction with shape-based scoring. The virtual screening results were verified in vitro, leading to nine novel inhibitors including a dual-target compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Moser
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse
9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joanna M. Wisniewska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse
9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Steffen Hahn
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse
9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Janosch Achenbach
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse
9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Estel·la Buscató
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse
9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Franca-Maria Klingler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse
9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bettina Hofmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse
9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse
9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse
9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review highlights recent advances in eicosanoid biology, especially linked to the cytochrome P450 (CYP)/soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) axis in vascular biology and disease. RECENT FINDINGS Since the first reports that CYP-derived metabolites of arachidonic acid can elicit vascular smooth muscle hyperpolarization and relaxation, it has become clear that fatty acid epoxides and diols are important lipid signaling molecules. Targeting CYP epoxygenases in vivo is difficult as these enzymes are involved in the metabolism of many currently used clinical agents. However, targeting the sEH which metabolizes fatty acid epoxides to their corresponding diols is a highly effective way of manipulating levels of these lipid mediators in vivo. Indeed, sEH-/- mice are protected against the development of some forms of hypertension, and have altered adipocyte metabolism and insulin resistance, phenomena reproduced by selective sEH inhibitors. SUMMARY Given that elevated epoxide levels have been linked with decreased blood pressure and inflammation in animal models, inhibitors of the sEH are currently being developed for the treatment of human hypertension and inflammation/atherosclerosis. This review focuses on outlining recent insights gained in the beneficial as well as the potentially adverse aspects of interfering with the CYP/sEH axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Huang H, Chen J, Lin T, Wang T, Tang Y, Dong Y, Wang J. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids – Novel mechanism and pharmacological therapy of chronic renocardiac syndrome. Med Hypotheses 2011; 76:550-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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