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Manengu C, Zhu CH, Zhang GD, Tian MM, Lan XB, Tao LJ, Ma L, Liu Y, Yu JQ, Liu N. HDAC inhibitors as a potential therapy for chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:2153-2175. [PMID: 38761314 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Cancer, a chronic disease characterized by uncontrolled cell development, kills millions of people globally. The WHO reported over 10 million cancer deaths in 2020. Anticancer medications destroy healthy and malignant cells. Cancer treatment induces neuropathy. Anticancer drugs cause harm to spinal cord, brain, and peripheral nerve somatosensory neurons, causing chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. The chemotherapy-induced mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain are not fully understood. However, neuroinflammation has been identified as one of the various pathways associated with the onset of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. The neuroinflammatory processes may exhibit varying characteristics based on the specific type of anticancer treatment delivered. Neuroinflammatory characteristics have been observed in the spinal cord, where microglia and astrocytes have a significant impact on the development of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. The patient's quality of life might be affected by sensory deprivation, loss of consciousness, paralysis, and severe disability. High cancer rates and ineffective treatments are associated with this disease. Recently, histone deacetylases have become a novel treatment target for chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain may be treated with histone deacetylase inhibitors. Histone deacetylase inhibitors may be a promising therapeutic treatment for chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. Common chemotherapeutic drugs, mechanisms, therapeutic treatments for neuropathic pain, and histone deacetylase and its inhibitors in chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain are covered in this paper. We propose that histone deacetylase inhibitors may treat several aspects of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain, and identifying these inhibitors as potentially unique treatments is crucial to the development of various chemotherapeutic combination treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalton Manengu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
- School of International Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chun-Hao Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Guo-Dong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Miao-Miao Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lan
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Li-Jun Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Lin Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
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Wang T, Kyle AH, Baker JHE, Liu NA, Banáth JP, Minchinton AI. DNA-PK inhibition extends the therapeutic effects of Top2 poisoning to non-proliferating cells, increasing activity at a cost. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12429. [PMID: 37528151 PMCID: PMC10394067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II topoisomerase (Top2) poisoning therapy is used to treat a broad range of cancers via induction of double strand breaks (DSBs) in cells undergoing replication and transcription. Preventing the repair of DSBs via inhibition of DNA-PK, an inhibitor of non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), increases cell kill with Top2 poisons and has led to the initiation of several clinical trials. To elucidate the cellular mechanisms leading to synergistic activity of dual DNA-PK/Top2 inhibition we looked at their effects in cycling versus non-cycling cells, in 3D spheroids and in xenograft models. Combined DNA-PK/Top2 inhibition was found to not only increase the cell kill in proliferating cells, the cell population that is typically most vulnerable to Top2 poisoning, but also in non-proliferative but transcriptionally active cells. This effect was observed in both cancer and normal tissue models, killing more cells than high concentrations of etoposide alone. The combination treatment delayed tumor growth in mice compared to Top2 poisoning alone, but also led to increased toxicity. These findings demonstrate sensitization of Top2β-expressing, non-cycling cells to Top2 poisoning by DNA-PK inhibition. Expansion of the target cell population of Top2 poison treatment to include non-proliferating cells via combination with DNA damage repair inhibitors has implications for efficacy and toxicity of these combinations, including for inhibitors of DNA-PK currently in clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taixiang Wang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, 675 W 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Alastair H Kyle
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, 675 W 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Jennifer H E Baker
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, 675 W 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Nannan A Liu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, 675 W 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Judit P Banáth
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, 675 W 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Andrew I Minchinton
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, 675 W 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
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Saar M, Jaal J, Meltsov A, Laasfeld T, Lust H, Kasvandik S, Lavogina D. Exploring the Molecular Players behind the Potentiation of Chemotherapy Effects by Durvalumab in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051485. [PMID: 37242727 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are increasingly used in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, yet the success of combination therapies is relatively limited. Thus, more detailed insight regarding the tumor molecular markers that may affect the responsiveness of patients to therapy is required. Here, we set out to explore the proteome of two lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (HCC-44 and A549) treated with cisplatin, pemetrexed, durvalumab, and the corresponding mixtures to establish the differences in post-treatment protein expression that can serve as markers of chemosensitivity or resistance. The mass spectrometry study showed that the addition of durvalumab to the treatment mixture resulted in cell line- and chemotherapeutic agent-dependent responses and confirmed the previously reported involvement of DNA repair machinery in the potentiation of the chemotherapy effect. Further validation using immunofluorescence also indicated that the potentiating effect of durvalumab in the case of cisplatin treatment was dependent on the tumor suppressor RB-1 in the PD-L1 weakly positive cells. In addition, we identified aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH1A3 as the general putative resistance marker. Further studies in patient biopsy samples will be required to confirm the clinical significance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Saar
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Pharmacy, Tartu University Hospital, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jana Jaal
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Haematology and Oncology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alvin Meltsov
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tõnis Laasfeld
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tartu, 51009 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Helen Lust
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sergo Kasvandik
- Proteomics Core Facility, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Darja Lavogina
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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de Campos Nebel M, Palmitelli M, Pérez Maturo J, González-Cid M. Alternative end-joining originates stable chromosome aberrations induced by etoposide during targeted inhibition of DNA-PKcs in ATM-deficient tumor cells. Chromosome Res 2022; 30:459-476. [PMID: 35604590 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-022-09700-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
ATM and DNA-PKcs coordinate the DNA damage response at multiple levels following the exposure to chemotherapy. The Topoisomerase II poison etoposide (ETO) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent that induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), but it is responsible from the chromosomal rearrangements frequently found in therapy-related secondary tumors. Targeted inhibition of DNA-PKcs in ATM-defective tumors combined with radio- or chemotherapy has been proposed as relevant therapies. Here, we explored the DNA repair mechanisms and the genetic consequences of targeting the non-oncogenic addiction to DNA-PKcs of ATM-defective tumor cells after exposure to ETO. We demonstrated that chemical inhibition of DNA-PKcs followed by treatment with ETO resulted in the accumulation of chromatid breaks and decreased mitotic index in both A-T cells and ATM-knocked-down (ATMkd) tumor cells. The HR repair process in DNA-PKcs-inhibited ATMkd cells amplified the RAD51 foci number, with no correlated increase in sister chromatid exchanges. The analysis of post-mitotic DNA lesions presented an augmented number of persistent unresolved DSB, without alterations in the cell cycle progression. Long-term examination of chromosome aberrations revealed a strikingly high number of chromatid and chromosome exchanges. By using genetic and pharmacological abrogation of PARP-1, we demonstrated that alternative end-joining (alt-EJ) repair pathway is responsible for those chromosome abnormalities generated by limiting c-NHEJ activities during directed inhibition of DNA-PKcs in ATM-deficient cells. Targeting the non-oncogenic addiction to DNA-PKcs of ATM-defective tumors stimulates the DSB repair by alt-EJ, which is liable for the origin of cells carrying stable chromosome aberrations that may eventually restrict the therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo de Campos Nebel
- Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Micaela Palmitelli
- Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Josefina Pérez Maturo
- Programa de Medicina de Precisión Y Genómica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas,, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Universidad Austral-CONICET, Pilar, Argentina
- Consultorio Y Laboratorio de Neurogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Centro Universitario de Neurología "José María Ramos Mejía" Y División Neurología, Hospital J.M. Ramos Mejía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires,, Argentina
| | - Marcela González-Cid
- Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Khozooei S, Lettau K, Barletta F, Jost T, Rebholz S, Veerappan S, Franz-Wachtel M, Macek B, Iliakis G, Distel LV, Zips D, Toulany M. Fisetin induces DNA double-strand break and interferes with the repair of radiation-induced damage to radiosensitize triple negative breast cancer cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:256. [PMID: 35989353 PMCID: PMC9394010 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with aggressiveness and a poor prognosis. Besides surgery, radiotherapy serves as the major treatment modality for TNBC. However, response to radiotherapy is limited in many patients, most likely because of DNA damage response (DDR) signaling mediated radioresistance. Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) is a multifunctional protein that regulates the cancer hallmarks among them resisting to radiotherapy-induced cell death. Fisetin, is a plant flavonol of the flavonoid family of plant polyphenols that has anticancer properties, partially through inhibition of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK)-mediated YB-1 phosphorylation. The combination of fisetin with radiotherapy has not yet been investigated. Methods Activation status of the RSK signaling pathway in total cell lysate and in the subcellular fractions was analyzed by Western blotting. Standard clonogenic assay was applied to test post-irradiation cell survival. γH2AX foci assay and 3 color fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses were performed to study frequency of double-strand breaks (DSB) and chromosomal aberrations, respectively. The underlying repair pathways targeted by fisetin were studied in cells expressing genomically integrated reporter constructs for the DSB repair pathways via quantifying the expression of green fluorescence protein by flow cytometry. Flow cytometric quantification of sub-G1 cells and the protein expression of LC3-II were employed to measure apoptosis and autophagy, respectively. Kinase array and phosphoproteomics were performed to study the effect of fisetin on DDR response signaling. Results We showed that the effect of fisetin on YB-1 phosphorylation in TNBC cells is comparable to the effect of the RSK pharmacological inhibitors. Similar to ionizing radiation (IR), fisetin induces DSB. Additionally, fisetin impairs repair of IR-induced DSB through suppressing the classical non-homologous end-joining and homologous recombination repair pathways, leading to chromosomal aberration as tested by metaphase analysis. Effect of fisetin on DSB repair was partially dependent on YB-1 expression. Phosphoproteomic analysis revealed that fisetin inhibits DDR signaling, which leads to radiosensitization in TNBC cells, as shown in combination with single dose or fractionated doses irradiation. Conclusion Fisetin acts as a DSB-inducing agent and simultaneously inhibits repair of IR-induced DSB. Thus, fisetin may serve as an effective therapeutic strategy to improve TNBC radiotherapy outcome. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02442-x.
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Nurhayati APD, Rihandoko A, Fadlan A, Ghaissani SS, Jadid N, Setiawan E. Anti-cancer potency by induced apoptosis by molecular docking P53, caspase, cyclin D1, cytotoxicity analysis and phagocytosis activity of trisindoline 1,3 and 4. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:1345-1359. [PMID: 36249936 PMCID: PMC9563049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Nicolette J, Luijten M, Sasaki JC, Custer L, Embry M, Froetschl R, Johnson G, Ouedraogo G, Settivari R, Thybaud V, Dearfield KL. Utility of a next-generation framework for assessment of genomic damage: A case study using the pharmaceutical drug candidate etoposide. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2021; 62:512-525. [PMID: 34775645 PMCID: PMC9299499 DOI: 10.1002/em.22467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a hypothetical case study to examine the use of a next-generation framework developed by the Genetic Toxicology Technical Committee of the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute for assessing the potential risk of genetic damage from a pharmaceutical perspective. We used etoposide, a genotoxic carcinogen, as a representative pharmaceutical for the purposes of this case study. Using the framework as guidance, we formulated a hypothetical scenario for the use of etoposide to illustrate the application of the framework to pharmaceuticals. We collected available data on etoposide considered relevant for assessment of genetic toxicity risk. From the data collected, we conducted a quantitative analysis to estimate margins of exposure (MOEs) to characterize the risk of genetic damage that could be used for decision-making regarding the predefined hypothetical use. We found the framework useful for guiding the selection of appropriate tests and selecting relevant endpoints that reflected the potential for genetic damage in patients. The risk characterization, presented as MOEs, allows decision makers to discern how much benefit is critical to balance any adverse effect(s) that may be induced by the pharmaceutical. Interestingly, pharmaceutical development already incorporates several aspects of the framework per regulations and health authority expectations. Moreover, we observed that quality dose response data can be obtained with carefully planned but routinely conducted genetic toxicity testing. This case study demonstrates the utility of the next-generation framework to quantitatively model human risk based on genetic damage, as applicable to pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- Centre for Health ProtectionNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Laura Custer
- Bristol‐Myers Squibb Company, Drug Safety EvaluationNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Michelle Embry
- Health and Environmental Sciences InstituteWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | | | - George Johnson
- Swansea University Medical SchoolSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK
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Zhang W, Gou P, Dupret JM, Chomienne C, Rodrigues-Lima F. Etoposide, an anticancer drug involved in therapy-related secondary leukemia: Enzymes at play. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101169. [PMID: 34243013 PMCID: PMC8273223 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Etoposide is a semi-synthetic glycoside derivative of podophyllotoxin, also known as VP-16. It is a widely used anticancer medicine in clinics. Unfortunately, high doses or long-term etoposide treatment can induce therapy-related leukemia. The mechanism by which etoposide induces secondary hematopoietic malignancies is still unclear. In this article, we review the potential mechanisms of etoposide induced therapy-related leukemia. Etoposide related leukemogenesis is known to depend on reactive oxidative metabolites of etoposide, notably etoposide quinone, which interacts with cellular proteins such as topoisomerases II (TOP2), CREB-binding protein (CREBBP), and T-Cell Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (TCPTP). CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 metabolize etoposide to etoposide catechol, which readily oxidizes to etoposide quinone. As a poison of TOP2 enzymes, etoposide and its metabolites induce DNA double-stranded breaks (DSB), and the accumulation of DSB triggers cell apoptosis. If the cell survives, the DSB gives rise to the likelihood of faulty DNA repair events. The gene translocation could occur in mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) gene, which is well-known in leukemogenesis. Recently, studies have revealed that etoposide metabolites, especially etoposide quinone, can covalently bind to cysteines residues of CREBBP and TCPTP enzymes, . This leads to enzyme inhibition and further affects histone acetylation and phosphorylation of the JAK-STAT pathway, thus putatively altering the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). In brief, current studies suggest that etoposide and its metabolites contribute to etoposide therapy-related leukemia through TOP2 mediated DSB and impairs specific enzyme activity, such as CREBBP and TCPTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Zhang
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris F-75013, France.
| | - Panhong Gou
- Inserm UMR-S1131, Université de Paris, IRSL, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | | | - Christine Chomienne
- Inserm UMR-S1131, Université de Paris, IRSL, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France; Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
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Reuvers TGA, Kanaar R, Nonnekens J. DNA Damage-Inducing Anticancer Therapies: From Global to Precision Damage. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2098. [PMID: 32731592 PMCID: PMC7463878 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage-inducing therapies are of tremendous value for cancer treatment and function by the direct or indirect formation of DNA lesions and subsequent inhibition of cellular proliferation. Of central importance in the cellular response to therapy-induced DNA damage is the DNA damage response (DDR), a protein network guiding both DNA damage repair and the induction of cancer-eradicating mechanisms such as apoptosis. A detailed understanding of DNA damage induction and the DDR has greatly improved our knowledge of the classical DNA damage-inducing therapies, radiotherapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy, and has paved the way for rational improvement of these treatments. Moreover, compounds targeting specific DDR proteins, selectively impairing DNA damage repair in cancer cells, form a promising novel therapy class that is now entering the clinic. In this review, we give an overview of the current state and ongoing developments, and discuss potential avenues for improvement for DNA damage-inducing therapies, with a central focus on the role of the DDR in therapy response, toxicity and resistance. Furthermore, we describe the relevance of using combination regimens containing DNA damage-inducing therapies and how they can be utilized to potentiate other anticancer strategies such as immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thom G. A. Reuvers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.G.A.R.); (R.K.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Kanaar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.G.A.R.); (R.K.)
- Oncode Institute, Office Jaarbeurs Innovation Mile (JIM), Jaarbeursplein 6, 3561 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Nonnekens
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.G.A.R.); (R.K.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Office Jaarbeurs Innovation Mile (JIM), Jaarbeursplein 6, 3561 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Sasaki JC, Allemang A, Bryce SM, Custer L, Dearfield KL, Dietz Y, Elhajouji A, Escobar PA, Fornace AJ, Froetschl R, Galloway S, Hemmann U, Hendriks G, Li HH, Luijten M, Ouedraogo G, Peel L, Pfuhler S, Roberts DJ, Thybaud V, van Benthem J, Yauk CL, Schuler M. Application of the adverse outcome pathway framework to genotoxic modes of action. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2020; 61:114-134. [PMID: 31603995 DOI: 10.1002/em.22339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In May 2017, the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute's Genetic Toxicology Technical Committee hosted a workshop to discuss whether mode of action (MOA) investigation is enhanced through the application of the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework. As AOPs are a relatively new approach in genetic toxicology, this report describes how AOPs could be harnessed to advance MOA analysis of genotoxicity pathways using five example case studies. Each of these genetic toxicology AOPs proposed for further development includes the relevant molecular initiating events, key events, and adverse outcomes (AOs), identification and/or further development of the appropriate assays to link an agent to these events, and discussion regarding the biological plausibility of the proposed AOP. A key difference between these proposed genetic toxicology AOPs versus traditional AOPs is that the AO is a genetic toxicology endpoint of potential significance in risk characterization, in contrast to an adverse state of an organism or a population. The first two detailed case studies describe provisional AOPs for aurora kinase inhibition and tubulin binding, leading to the common AO of aneuploidy. The remaining three case studies highlight provisional AOPs that lead to chromosome breakage or mutation via indirect DNA interaction (inhibition of topoisomerase II, production of cellular reactive oxygen species, and inhibition of DNA synthesis). These case studies serve as starting points for genotoxicity AOPs that could ultimately be published and utilized by the broader toxicology community and illustrate the practical considerations and evidence required to formalize such AOPs so that they may be applied to genetic toxicity evaluation schemes. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 61:114-134, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laura Custer
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Drug Safety Evaluation, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | | | - Yasmin Dietz
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Heng-Hong Li
- Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lauren Peel
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | | | - Véronique Thybaud
- Sanofi, Research and Development, Preclinical Safety, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jan van Benthem
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maik Schuler
- Pfizer Inc, World Wide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
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Holmes TH, Winn LM. DNA Damage and Perturbed Topoisomerase IIα as a Target of 1,4-Benzoquinone Toxicity in Murine Fetal Liver Cells. Toxicol Sci 2019; 171:339-346. [PMID: 31340051 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzene is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. Recent studies have shown a link between the development of childhood leukemias and maternal benzene exposure, suggesting that these leukemias may be initiated in utero. Benzene crosses the placental barrier however the mechanisms behind in utero benzene toxicity have not been well elucidated. This study is the first to show that the benzene metabolite, benzoquinone (BQ), perturbs fetal topoisomerase IIα (Topo IIα), an enzyme essential for DNA repair. Using cultured murine CD-1 fetal liver cells, this study shows that Topo IIα activity decreases following 24 hours of exposure to BQ (12.5 and 15.625 µM), with the 12.5 µM confirmed to disrupt the c-kit+Lin-Sca-1-Il7rα- population of cells in culture. Pre-treatment with the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine did not prevent the inhibtion of Topo IIα by BQ. An increase in Topo IIα-DNA covalent adducts was detected following 24-hour exposures to BQ (12.5 and 50 µM). Interestingly, BQ (12.5 µM) exposure did not significantly increase levels of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a marker of oxidative stress after 24 hours. However, increased levels of the double-stranded DNA break marker γH2AX were detected following 24 hours of BQ exposure, confirming that Topo IIα-induced breaks are increased in BQ treated cells. This study shows that fetal Topo IIα is perturbed by BQ and suggests that this protein is a target of benzene and may be implicated with in utero benzene toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent H Holmes
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louise M Winn
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Gothe HJ, Bouwman BAM, Gusmao EG, Piccinno R, Petrosino G, Sayols S, Drechsel O, Minneker V, Josipovic N, Mizi A, Nielsen CF, Wagner EM, Takeda S, Sasanuma H, Hudson DF, Kindler T, Baranello L, Papantonis A, Crosetto N, Roukos V. Spatial Chromosome Folding and Active Transcription Drive DNA Fragility and Formation of Oncogenic MLL Translocations. Mol Cell 2019; 75:267-283.e12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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13
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Brady OA, Jeong E, Martina JA, Pirooznia M, Tunc I, Puertollano R. The transcription factors TFE3 and TFEB amplify p53 dependent transcriptional programs in response to DNA damage. eLife 2018; 7:40856. [PMID: 30520728 PMCID: PMC6292694 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factors TFE3 and TFEB cooperate to regulate autophagy induction and lysosome biogenesis in response to starvation. Here we demonstrate that DNA damage activates TFE3 and TFEB in a p53 and mTORC1 dependent manner. RNA-Seq analysis of TFEB/TFE3 double-knockout cells exposed to etoposide reveals a profound dysregulation of the DNA damage response, including upstream regulators and downstream p53 targets. TFE3 and TFEB contribute to sustain p53-dependent response by stabilizing p53 protein levels. In TFEB/TFE3 DKOs, p53 half-life is significantly decreased due to elevated Mdm2 levels. Transcriptional profiles of genes involved in lysosome membrane permeabilization and cell death pathways are dysregulated in TFEB/TFE3-depleted cells. Consequently, prolonged DNA damage results in impaired LMP and apoptosis induction. Finally, expression of multiple genes implicated in cell cycle control is altered in TFEB/TFE3 DKOs, revealing a previously unrecognized role of TFEB and TFE3 in the regulation of cell cycle checkpoints in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen A Brady
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, United States
| | - Eutteum Jeong
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, United States
| | - José A Martina
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, United States
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, United States
| | - Ilker Tunc
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, United States
| | - Rosa Puertollano
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, United States
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14
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Ferrer MF, Scharrig E, Charo N, Rípodas AL, Drut R, Carrera Silva EA, Nagel A, Nally JE, Montes de Oca DP, Schattner M, Gómez RM. Macrophages and Galectin 3 Control Bacterial Burden in Acute and Subacute Murine Leptospirosis That Determines Chronic Kidney Fibrosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:384. [PMID: 30425972 PMCID: PMC6218566 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that macrophages may contribute to acute Leptospira dissemination, as well as having a major role in kidney fibrosis. Our aim was to characterize the role of macrophages and galectin 3 (Gal-3) on the survival, clinical course, bacterial burden, interstitial nephritis, and chronic kidney fibrosis in Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni (LIC)-induced experimental murine leptospirosis. C57BL/6J mice depleted of macrophages by liposome-encapsulated clodronate treatment and infected with LIC presented a higher bacterial burden, had reduced subacute nephritis and enhanced chronic kidney fibrosis relative to untreated, infected mice. Moreover, LIC infection in mice whose Gal-3 was disrupted (Lgals3−/–) had a higher bacterial burden and enhanced subacute nephritis and chronic kidney fibrosis when compared to C57BL/6J wild-type mice. Chronic fibrosis did not correlate with higher transcription levels of TGF-β1 or IL-13 in the kidneys. Kidney fibrosis was found in chronically infected rats as well as in wild infected rats. On the other hand, human fibroblast cultures exhibited enhanced differentiation to myofibroblasts after treatment with LIC. Our results demonstrate that macrophages and Gal-3 play a critical role in controlling the LIC burden but has a minor role in subsequent fibrosis. Instead, kidney fibrosis was better correlated with bacterial burden. Taken together, our results do not support a role for macrophages to disseminate leptospires during acute infection, nor in chronic kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Ferrer
- Laboratory of Animal Viruses, Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Emilia Scharrig
- Laboratory of Animal Viruses, Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Nancy Charo
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine, National Academy of Medicine-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Ricardo Drut
- Division of Pathology, Children Hospital "Superiora Sor María Ludovica", La Plata, Argentina
| | - Eugenio A Carrera Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine, National Academy of Medicine-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariel Nagel
- Biotechnology Institute, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jarlath E Nally
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Daniela P Montes de Oca
- Ecology, Genetics and Evolution Department, Exact and Natural Sciences Faculty, and Ecology, Genetics and Evolution Institute of Buenos Aires, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta Schattner
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine, National Academy of Medicine-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo M Gómez
- Laboratory of Animal Viruses, Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
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15
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Hu X, Wu X, Liu H, Cheng Z, Zhao Z, Xiang C, Feng X, Takeda S, Qing Y. Genistein-induced DNA damage is repaired by nonhomologous end joining and homologous recombination in TK6 cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2683-2692. [PMID: 30070703 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Genistein (GES), a phytoestrogen, has potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects on cancer. The anticancer mechanism of GES may be related with topoisomerase II associated DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). However, the precise molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we performed genetic analyses using human lymphoblastoid TK6 cell lines to investigate whether non-homologous DNA end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR), the two major repair pathways of DSBs, were involved in repairing GES-induced DNA damage. Our results showed that GES induced DSBs in TK6 cells. Cells lacking Ligase4, an NHEJ enzyme, are hypersensitive to GES. Furthermore, the sensitivity of Ligase4-/- cells was associated with enhanced DNA damage when comparing the accumulation of γ-H2AX foci and number of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) with WT cells. In addition, cells lacking Rad54, a HR enzyme, also presented hypersensitivity and increased DNA damages in response to GES. Meanwhile, Treatment of GES-lacking enhanced the accumulation of Rad51, an HR factor, in TK6 cells, especially in Ligase4-/- . These results provided direct evidence that GES induced DSBs in TK6 cells and clarified that both NHEJ and HR were involved in the repair of GES-induced DNA damage, suggesting that GES in combination with inhibition of NHEJ or HR would provide a potential anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ziyuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zilu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cuifang Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shunichi Takeda
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yong Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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16
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Paoli D, Pallotti F, Lenzi A, Lombardo F. Fatherhood and Sperm DNA Damage in Testicular Cancer Patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:506. [PMID: 30271379 PMCID: PMC6146098 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular cancer (TC) is one of the most treatable of all malignancies and the management of the quality of life of these patients is increasingly important, especially with regard to their sexuality and fertility. Survivors must overcome anxiety and fears about reduced fertility and possible pregnancy-related risks as well as health effects in offspring. There is thus a growing awareness of the need for reproductive counseling of cancer survivors. Studies found a high level of sperm DNA damage in TC patients in comparison with healthy, fertile controls, but no significant difference between these patients and infertile patients. Sperm DNA alterations due to cancer treatment persist from 2 to 5 years after the end of the treatment and may be influenced by both the type of therapy and the stage of the disease. Population studies reported a slightly reduced overall fertility of TC survivors and a more frequent use of ART than the general population, with a success rate of around 50%. Paternity after a diagnosis of cancer is an important issue and reproductive potential is becoming a major quality of life factor. Sperm chromatin instability associated with genome instability is the most important reproductive side effect related to the malignancy or its treatment. Studies investigating the magnitude of this damage could have a considerable translational importance in the management of cancer patients, as they could identify the time needed for the germ cell line to repair nuclear damage and thus produce gametes with a reduced risk for the offspring.
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17
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de Campos-Nebel M, Palmitelli M, González-Cid M. A flow cytometry-based method for a high-throughput analysis of drug-stabilized topoisomerase II cleavage complexes in human cells. Cytometry A 2016; 89:852-60. [PMID: 27517472 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Topoisomerase II (Top2) is an important target for anticancer therapy. A variety of drugs that poison Top2, including several epipodophyllotoxins, anthracyclines, and anthracenediones, are widely used in the clinic for both hematologic and solid tumors. The poisoning of Top2 involves the formation of a reaction intermediate Top2-DNA, termed Top2 cleavage complex (Top2cc), which is persistent in the presence of the drug and involves a 5' end of DNA covalently bound to a tyrosine from the enzyme through a phosphodiester group. Drug-induced Top2cc leads to Top2 linked-DNA breaks which are the major responsible for their cytotoxicity. While biochemical detection is very laborious, quantification of drug-induced Top2cc by immunofluorescence-based microscopy techniques is time consuming and requires extensive image segmentation for the analysis of a small population of cells. Here, we developed a flow cytometry-based method for the analysis of drug-induced Top2cc. This method allows a rapid analysis of a high number of cells in their cell cycle phase context. Moreover, it can be applied to almost any human cell type, including clinical samples. The methodology is useful for a high-throughput analysis of drugs that poison Top2, allowing not just the discrimination of the Top2 isoform that is targeted but also to track its removal. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo de Campos-Nebel
- Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), Academia Nacional de Medicina, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Micaela Palmitelli
- Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), Academia Nacional de Medicina, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela González-Cid
- Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), Academia Nacional de Medicina, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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18
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Yan H, Tammaro M, Liao S. Collision of Trapped Topoisomerase 2 with Transcription and Replication: Generation and Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks with 5' Adducts. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7070032. [PMID: 27376333 PMCID: PMC4962002 DOI: 10.3390/genes7070032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerase 2 (Top2) is an essential enzyme responsible for manipulating DNA topology during replication, transcription, chromosome organization and chromosome segregation. It acts by nicking both strands of DNA and then passes another DNA molecule through the break. The 5′ end of each nick is covalently linked to the tyrosine in the active center of each of the two subunits of Top2 (Top2cc). In this configuration, the two sides of the nicked DNA are held together by the strong protein-protein interactions between the two subunits of Top2, allowing the nicks to be faithfully resealed in situ. Top2ccs are normally transient, but can be trapped by cancer drugs, such as etoposide, and subsequently processed into DSBs in cells. If not properly repaired, these DSBs would lead to genome instability and cell death. Here, I review the current understanding of the mechanisms by which DSBs are induced by etoposide, the unique features of such DSBs and how they are repaired. Implications for the improvement of cancer therapy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yan
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
| | - Margaret Tammaro
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
| | - Shuren Liao
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
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Tammaro M, Liao S, Beeharry N, Yan H. DNA double-strand breaks with 5' adducts are efficiently channeled to the DNA2-mediated resection pathway. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:221-31. [PMID: 26420828 PMCID: PMC4705695 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) with 5′ adducts are frequently formed from many nucleic acid processing enzymes, in particular DNA topoisomerase 2 (TOP2). The key intermediate of TOP2 catalysis is the covalent complex (TOP2cc), consisting of two TOP2 subunits covalently linked to the 5′ ends of the nicked DNA. In cells, TOP2ccs can be trapped by cancer drugs such as etoposide and then converted into DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that carry adducts at the 5′ end. The repair of such DSBs is critical to the survival of cells, but the underlying mechanism is still not well understood. We found that etoposide-induced DSBs are efficiently resected into 3′ single-stranded DNA in cells and the major nuclease for resection is the DNA2 protein. DNA substrates carrying model 5′ adducts were efficiently resected in Xenopus egg extracts and immunodepletion of Xenopus DNA2 also strongly inhibited resection. These results suggest that DNA2-mediated resection is a major mechanism for the repair of DSBs with 5′ adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Tammaro
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Shuren Liao
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Neil Beeharry
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Hong Yan
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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20
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Borda MA, Palmitelli M, Verón G, González-Cid M, de Campos Nebel M. Tyrosyl-DNA-phosphodiesterase I (TDP1) participates in the removal and repair of stabilized-Top2α cleavage complexes in human cells. Mutat Res 2015; 781:37-48. [PMID: 26421495 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosyl-DNA-phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) is a DNA repair enzyme that removes irreversible protein-linked 3' DNA complexes, 3' phosphoglycolates, alkylation damage-induced DNA breaks, and 3' deoxyribose nucleosides. In addition to its extended spectrum of substrates, TDP1 interacts with several DNA damage response factors. To determine whether TDP1 participates in the repair of topoisomerase II (Top2) induced DNA lesions, we generated TDP1 depleted (TDP1kd) human tumoral cells. We found that TDP1kd cells are hypersensitive to etoposide (ETO). Moreover, we established in a chromatin context that following treatment with ETO, TDP1kd cells accumulate increased amounts of Top2α cleavage complexes, removing them with an altered kinetics. We also showed that TDP1 depleted cells accumulate increased γH2AX and pS296Chk1 signals following treatment with ETO. Similarly, cytogenetics analyses following Top2 poisoning revealed increased amounts of chromatid and chromosome breaks and exchanges on TDP1kd cells in the presence or not of the DNA-PKcs inhibitor NU7026. However, the levels of sister chromatid exchanges were similar in both TDP1kd and control non-silenced cell lines. This suggests a role of TDP1 in both canonical non-homologous end joining and alternative end joining, but not in the homologous recombination repair pathway. Finally, micronucleus analyses following ETO treatment revealed a higher frequency of micronucleus containing γH2AX signals on TDP1kd cells. Together, our results highlight an active role of TDP1 in the repair of Top2-induced DNA damage and its relevance on the genome stability maintenance in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Borda
- Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Micaela Palmitelli
- Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Verón
- Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela González-Cid
- Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo de Campos Nebel
- Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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21
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Palmitelli M, de Campos-Nebel M, González-Cid M. Progression of chromosomal damage induced by etoposide in G2 phase in a DNA-PKcs-deficient context. Chromosome Res 2015; 23:719-32. [PMID: 26152239 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-015-9478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Etoposide (ETO), a drug used for the treatment of human tumors, is associated with the development of secondary malignancies. Recently, therapeutic strategies have incorporated chemosensitizing agents to improve the tumoral response to this drug. ETO creates DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) via inhibition of DNA topoisomerase II (Top2). To repair DSB, homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), involving D-NHEJ (dependent of the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase, DNA-PKcs) and B-NHEJ (backup repair pathway) are activated. We evaluated the progression of the DNA damage induced by the Top2 poison ETO in G2 phase of human HeLa cells after chemical inhibition of DNA-PKcs with NU7026. Compared to ETO treatment alone, this combined treatment resulted in a twofold higher rate of chromatid breaks and exchanges when analysis was performed in the following metaphase. Moreover, when analysis was performed in the second metaphase following treatment, increases in the percentage of micronuclei with H2AX (biomarker for DSB) foci in binucleated cells and dicentric chromosomes were seen. In post-mitotic G1 phase, a close association between unresolved DSB and meiotic recombination 11 homolog A (MRE11) signals was observed, demonstrating the contribution of MRE11 in the DSB repair by B-NHEJ. Hence, chemical inhibition of DNA-PKcs impaired both D-NHEJ and HR repair pathways, altering the maintenance of chromosomal integrity and cell proliferation. Our results suggest that the chemosensitizing effectiveness of the DNA-PKcs inhibitor and the survival rate of aberrant cells may contribute to the development of therapy-related tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Palmitelli
- Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, IMEX-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, J. A. Pacheco de Melo 3081, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo de Campos-Nebel
- Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, IMEX-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, J. A. Pacheco de Melo 3081, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela González-Cid
- Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, IMEX-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, J. A. Pacheco de Melo 3081, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Maginn EN, de Sousa CH, Wasan HS, Stronach EA. Opportunities for translation: targeting DNA repair pathways in pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:45-54. [PMID: 24727386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the poorest prognosis neoplasms. It is typified by high levels of genomic aberrations and copy-number variation, intra-tumoural heterogeneity and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Improved therapeutic options, ideally targeted against cancer-specific biological mechanisms, are urgently needed. Although induction of DNA damage and/or modulation of DNA damage response pathways are associated with the activity of a number of conventional PDAC chemotherapies, the effectiveness of this approach in the treatment of PDAC has not been comprehensively reviewed. Here, we review chemotherapeutic agents that have shown anti-cancer activity in PDAC and whose mechanisms of action involve modulation of DNA repair pathways. In addition, we highlight novel potential targets within these pathways based on the emerging understanding of PDAC biology and their exploitation as targets in other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaina N Maginn
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
| | - Camila H de Sousa
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Harpreet S Wasan
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Euan A Stronach
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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23
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Lo-Coco F, Hasan SK. Understanding the molecular pathogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2014; 27:3-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Bhosle J, Kiakos K, Porter ACG, Wu J, Makris A, Hartley JA, Hochhauser D. Treatment with gefitinib or lapatinib induces drug resistance through downregulation of topoisomerase IIα expression. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:2897-908. [PMID: 24092808 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The EGF receptor (EGFR) is therapeutically targeted by antibodies and small molecules in solid tumors including lung, colorectal, and breast cancer. However, chemotherapy remains important, and efforts to improve efficacy through combination with targeted agents is challenging. This study examined the effects of short and long durations of exposure to the EGFR- and HER2-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) gefitinib and lapatinib, on induction of cell death and DNA damage by topoisomerase IIα (Topo IIα) poisons, in the SK-Br-3 HER2-amplified breast cancer cell line. Short exposure to either gefitinib or lapatinib for 1 hour did not affect the induction of apoptosis by the Topo IIα poisons doxorubicin, etoposide, and m-AMSA. In contrast, cells treated for 48 hours were resistant to all three drugs. Short exposure (1 hour) to TKI did not alter the number of DNA single- or double-strand breaks (DSB) induced, whereas longer exposure (48 hours) reduced the number of DNA DSBs and the formation of γ-H2AX foci. Both gefitinib and lapatinib reduced the expression and activity of Topo IIα at 48 hours. Studies using a cell line with inducible downregulation of Topo IIα showed that expression of Topo IIα, and not Topo IIβ, determined the number of DNA strand breaks induced by these chemotherapeutic agents. These results indicate that prolonged exposure to TKIs targeting EGFR and HER2 induce resistance to doxorubicin, etoposide, and m-AMSA through downregulation of Topo IIα. This may explain why their addition to chemotherapy regimens have not increased efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaishree Bhosle
- Corresponding Author: Daniel Hochhauser, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Tammaro M, Barr P, Ricci B, Yan H. Replication-dependent and transcription-dependent mechanisms of DNA double-strand break induction by the topoisomerase 2-targeting drug etoposide. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79202. [PMID: 24244448 PMCID: PMC3820710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Etoposide is a DNA topoisomerase 2-targeting drug widely used for the treatment of cancer. The cytoxicity of etoposide correlates with the generation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), but the mechanism of how it induces DSBs in cells is still poorly understood. Catalytically, etoposide inhibits the re-ligation reaction of Top2 after it nicks the two strands of DNA, trapping it in a cleavable complex consisting of two Top2 subunits covalently linked to the 5' ends of DNA (Top2cc). Top2cc is not directly recognized as a true DSB by cells because the two subunits interact strongly with each other to hold the two ends of DNA together. In this study we have investigated the cellular mechanisms that convert Top2ccs into true DSBs. Our data suggest that there are two mechanisms, one dependent on active replication and the other dependent on proteolysis and transcription. The relative contribution of each mechanism is affected by the concentration of etoposide. We also find that Top2α is the major isoform mediating the replication-dependent mechanism and both Top2α and Top2 mediate the transcription-dependent mechanism. These findings are potentially of great significance to the improvement of etoposide's efficacy in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Tammaro
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Peri Barr
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Brett Ricci
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hong Yan
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Glukhov SI, Rubtsov MA, Alexeyevsky DA, Alexeevski AV, Razin SV, Iarovaia OV. The broken MLL gene is frequently located outside the inherent chromosome territory in human lymphoid cells treated with DNA topoisomerase II poison etoposide. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75871. [PMID: 24086652 PMCID: PMC3783379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mixed lineage leukaemia (MLL) gene is frequently rearranged in secondary leukaemias, in which it could fuse to a variety of different partners. Breakage in the MLL gene preferentially occurs within a ~8 kb region that possesses a strong DNA topoisomerase II cleavage site. It has been proposed that DNA topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage within this and other regions triggers translocations that occur due to incorrect joining of broken DNA ends. To further clarify a possible mechanism for MLL rearrangements, we analysed the frequency of MLL cleavage in cells exposed to etoposide, a DNA topoisomerase II poison commonly used as an anticancer drug, and positioning of the broken 3'-end of the MLL gene in respect to inherent chromosomal territories. It was demonstrated that exposure of human Jurkat cells to etoposide resulted in frequent cleavage of MLL genes. Using MLL-specific break-apart probes we visualised cleaved MLL genes in ~17% of nuclei. Using confocal microscopy and 3D modelling, we demonstrated that in cells treated with etoposide and cultivated for 1 h under normal conditions, ~9% of the broken MLL alleles were present outside the chromosome 11 territory, whereas in both control cells and cells inspected immediately after etoposide treatment, virtually all MLL alleles were present within the chromosomal territory. The data are discussed in the framework of the "breakage first" model of juxtaposing translocation partners. We propose that in the course of repairing DNA topoisomerase II-mediated DNA lesions (removal of stalled DNA topoisomerase II complexes and non-homologous end joining), DNA ends acquire additional mobility, which allows the meeting and incorrect joining of translocation partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey I. Glukhov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Rubtsov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniil A. Alexeyevsky
- Department of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei V. Alexeevski
- A.N. Belozersky Institute for Physical and Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Research Institute for System Studies (NIISI RAN), Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Razin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Gene Biology RAS, Moscow, Russia
- LIA 1066 French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, Villejuif, France–Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
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Gómez-Herreros F, Romero-Granados R, Zeng Z, Álvarez-Quilón A, Quintero C, Ju L, Umans L, Vermeire L, Huylebroeck D, Caldecott KW, Cortés-Ledesma F. TDP2-dependent non-homologous end-joining protects against topoisomerase II-induced DNA breaks and genome instability in cells and in vivo. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003226. [PMID: 23505375 PMCID: PMC3592926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Anticancer topoisomerase "poisons" exploit the break-and-rejoining mechanism of topoisomerase II (TOP2) to generate TOP2-linked DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). This characteristic underlies the clinical efficacy of TOP2 poisons, but is also implicated in chromosomal translocations and genome instability associated with secondary, treatment-related, haematological malignancy. Despite this relevance for cancer therapy, the mechanistic aspects governing repair of TOP2-induced DSBs and the physiological consequences that absent or aberrant repair can have are still poorly understood. To address these deficits, we employed cells and mice lacking tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2), an enzyme that hydrolyses 5'-phosphotyrosyl bonds at TOP2-associated DSBs, and studied their response to TOP2 poisons. Our results demonstrate that TDP2 functions in non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and liberates DSB termini that are competent for ligation. Moreover, we show that the absence of TDP2 in cells impairs not only the capacity to repair TOP2-induced DSBs but also the accuracy of the process, thus compromising genome integrity. Most importantly, we find this TDP2-dependent NHEJ mechanism to be physiologically relevant, as Tdp2-deleted mice are sensitive to TOP2-induced damage, displaying marked lymphoid toxicity, severe intestinal damage, and increased genome instability in the bone marrow. Collectively, our data reveal TDP2-mediated error-free NHEJ as an efficient and accurate mechanism to repair TOP2-induced DSBs. Given the widespread use of TOP2 poisons in cancer chemotherapy, this raises the possibility of TDP2 being an important etiological factor in the response of tumours to this type of agent and in the development of treatment-related malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rocío Romero-Granados
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), CSIC–Universidad de Sevilla (Departamento de Genética), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Zhihong Zeng
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Álvarez-Quilón
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), CSIC–Universidad de Sevilla (Departamento de Genética), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cristina Quintero
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), CSIC–Universidad de Sevilla (Departamento de Genética), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Limei Ju
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | - Lieve Umans
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Celgen), Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Vermeire
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Celgen), Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Danny Huylebroeck
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Celgen), Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Keith W. Caldecott
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (KWC); (FC-L)
| | - Felipe Cortés-Ledesma
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), CSIC–Universidad de Sevilla (Departamento de Genética), Sevilla, Spain
- * E-mail: (KWC); (FC-L)
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Abo-Zeid MAM, Liehr T, El-Daly SM, Gamal-Eldeen AM, Glei M, Shabaka A, Bhatt S, Hamid A. Molecular cytogenetic evaluation of the efficacy of photodynamic therapy by indocyanine green in breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2012; 10:194-202. [PMID: 23769286 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used for the treatment of many types of predominantly epithelial cancers. Photosensitizer is taken up by fast growing tumor cells more actively than by other body cells and is activated by light, generating reactive oxygen species that cause cell death by necrosis or apoptosis. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of PDT with indocyanine green (ICG) through the investigation of TP53, HER-2 and TOP2A genes signals as breast cancer gene markers by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (nuc-FISH). METHODS The photosynthetizer ICG (200 μM) was applied to breast cancer cell line MCF-7 cells (adenocarcinoma) in combination with laser irradiation (807 nm) exposure for 20 min and then incubated for 12, 24 and 48 h. Cell viability was evaluated using trypan blue. The signals for nuc-FISH was investigated and counted for probes specific for the genes TP53 (17p13), HER-2 (17q11.2-q12), and TOP2A (17q21-q22), and BAC-probes RP11-746M1 in 17p11.2 and RP11-403E9 in 17q11.2. RESULTS The cell viability of MCF-7 did not reduced significantly when the cells were treated with ICG (200 μM) or exposed to laser irradiation for 20 min followed by incubation for 24 h. ICG/PDT treatment with laser irradiation exposure for 20 min reduced the cell viability after incubating cells for 12, 24 and 48 h highly significantly in a time dependent manner. For nuc-FISH analysis, TP53, HER-2, TOP2A, RP11-746M1 and RP11-403E9 signals did not reduce or increase in a significant manner when the cells were treated with ICG or exposed to laser irradiation for 20 min then incubated for 24h. PDT enhanced amplification of TP53 signals from nuc ish 17p13(TP53×2) to nuc ish 17p13(TP53×3) or nuc ish 17p13(TP53×4). However, the signals of HER-2 gene, TOP2A gene and BAC probes were reduced highly significantly when MCF-7 cells were treated with PDT with all time intervals. CONCLUSION ICG/PDT and laser induced cytotoxic effect in MCF-7 cells. Also, PDT enhanced TP53 gene amplification, and reduced HER-2, TOP2A, and BAC probes RP11-746M1 and RP11-403E9 signals. Therefore ICG/PDT can be used for breast cancer treatment. It has the potential to induce apoptotic effect and reduce HER-2 and TOP2A genes propagation. Further in vivo studies are needed to evaluate ICG/PDT as a promising therapeutic approach for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A M Abo-Zeid
- Genetics and Cytology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Center, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
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Elguero ME, de Campos-Nebel M, González-Cid M. DNA-PKcs-dependent NHEJ pathway supports the progression of topoisomerase II poison-induced chromosome aberrant cells. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2012; 53:608-618. [PMID: 22987276 DOI: 10.1002/em.21729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The role of DNA double strand break (DSB) repair pathways, non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), and homologous recombination (HR) was evaluated to prevent the chromosome instability induced by the topoisomerase II (Top2) poisons, idarubicin, and etoposide in Chinese hamster cell lines. XR-C1 (DNA-PKcs deficient) and V-C8 (BRCA2 deficient) showed higher sensitivity to increased concentrations of Top2 poisons compared with their normal counterparts, CHO9 and V79. Both proficient and deficient cells exhibited a marked DSB induction in all phases of the cell cycle. Additionally, deficient cells showed persistent DNA damage 24 hr post-treatment. Chromosomal aberrations increased in the first mitosis following Top2 poison-treatments in G1 or G2 in proficient and deficient cells. CHO9 and V79 demonstrated chromosome and chromatid exchanges following treatments in G1 and G2 phases, respectively. Deficient cells showed high frequencies of chromatid exchanges following treatments in G1 and G2. Simultaneously, we analyzed the micronuclei (MN) induction in interphase cells after treatments in G1, S, or G2 of the previous cell cycle. Both Top2 poisons induced an important increase in MN in CHO9, V79, and V-C8 cells. XR-C1 exhibited an increased MN frequency when cells were treated in G1 phase but not in S or G2. This MN reduction was due to a cell accumulation at G2/M and death in G2-treated cells. Our data suggest that NHEJ and HR operate differentially throughout the cell cycle to protect from Top2 poison-induced chromosome instability, and that DNA-PKcs-dependent NHEJ pathway allows the survival of chromosome damaged cells during S/G2 to the next interphase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eugenia Elguero
- Laboratorio de Mutagenesis, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, IMEX-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Yue J, Lan S, Yuan C, Shen Z. Prognostic values of filamin-A status for topoisomerase II poison chemotherapy. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:442-50. [PMID: 22419889 PMCID: PMC3303170 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamin-A, also called Actin Binding Protein-280, is not only an essential component of the cytoskeleton networks, but also serves as the scaffold in various signaling networks. It has been shown that filamin-A facilitates DNA repair and filamin-A proficient cells are more resistant to ionizing radiation, bleomycin, and cisplatin. In this study, we assessed the role of filamin-A in modulating cancer cell sensitivity to Topo II poisons, including etoposide and doxorubicin. Intriguingly, we found that cells with filamin-A expression are more sensitive to Topo II poisons than those with defective filamin-A, and filamin-A proficient xenograft melanomas have better response to etoposide treatment than the filamin-A deficient tumors. This is associated with more potent induction of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) by Topo II poisons in filamin-A proficient cells than the deficient cells. Although the expression of filamin-A enables cells a slightly stronger capability to repair DSB, the net outcome is that filamin-A proficient cells bear more DSBs due to the significantly enhanced DSB induction by Topo II poisons in these cells. We further found that filamin-A proficient cells have increased drug influx and decreased drug efflux, suggesting that filamin-A modulates the intra-cellular drug kinetics of Topo II poisons to facilitate the generation of DSB after Topo II poison exposure. These data suggest a novel function of filamin-A in regulating the pharmacokinetics of Topo II poisons, and that the status of filamin-A may be used as a prognostic marker for Topo II poisons based cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyin Yue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
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Leontieva OV, Blagosklonny MV. DNA damaging agents and p53 do not cause senescence in quiescent cells, while consecutive re-activation of mTOR is associated with conversion to senescence. Aging (Albany NY) 2011; 2:924-35. [PMID: 21212465 PMCID: PMC3034181 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
When the cell cycle is arrested, growth-promoting pathways such as mTOR (Target of Rapamycin) drive cellular senescence, characterized by cellular hyper-activation, hypertrophy and permanent loss of the proliferative potential. While arresting cell cycle, p53 (under certain conditions) can inhibit the mTOR pathway. Senescence occurs when p53 fails to inhibit mTOR. Low concentrations of DNA-damaging drugs induce p53 at levels that do not inhibit mTOR, thus causing senescence. In quiescence caused by serum starvation, mTOR is deactivated. This predicts that induction of p53 will not cause senescence in such quiescent cells. Here we tested this prediction. In proliferating normal cells, etoposide caused senescence (cells could not resume proliferation after removal of etoposide). Serum starvation prevented induction of senescence, but not of p53, by etoposide. When etoposide was removed, such cells resumed proliferation upon addition of serum. Also, doxorubicin did not cause senescent morphology in the absence of serum. Re-addition of serum caused mTOR-dependent senescence in the presence of etoposide or doxorubicin. Also, serum-starvation prevented senescent morphology caused by nutlin-3a in MCF-7 and Mel-10 cells. We conclude that induction of p53 does not activate the senescence program in quiescent cells. In cells with induced p53, re-activation of mTOR by serum stimulation causes senescence, as an equivalent of cellular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Leontieva
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, BLSC, L3-312, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Quennet V, Beucher A, Barton O, Takeda S, Löbrich M. CtIP and MRN promote non-homologous end-joining of etoposide-induced DNA double-strand breaks in G1. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 39:2144-52. [PMID: 21087997 PMCID: PMC3064790 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerases class II (topoII) cleave and re-ligate the DNA double helix to allow the passage of an intact DNA strand through it. Chemotherapeutic drugs such as etoposide target topoII, interfere with the normal enzymatic cleavage/re-ligation reaction and create a DNA double-strand break (DSB) with the enzyme covalently bound to the 5'-end of the DNA. Such DSBs are repaired by one of the two major DSB repair pathways, non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination. However, prior to repair, the covalently bound topoII needs to be removed from the DNA end, a process requiring the MRX complex and ctp1 in fission yeast. CtIP, the mammalian ortholog of ctp1, is known to promote homologous recombination by resecting DSB ends. Here, we show that human cells arrested in G0/G1 repair etoposide-induced DSBs by NHEJ and, surprisingly, require the MRN complex (the ortholog of MRX) and CtIP. CtIP's function for repairing etoposide-induced DSBs by NHEJ in G0/G1 requires the Thr-847 but not the Ser-327 phosphorylation site, both of which are needed for resection during HR. This finding establishes that CtIP promotes NHEJ of etoposide-induced DSBs during G0/G1 phase with an end-processing function that is distinct to its resection function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Quennet
- Radiation Biology and DNA Repair, Darmstadt University of Technology, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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