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Ou KL, Chen CK, Huang JJ, Chang WW, Hsieh Li SM, Jiang TX, Widelitz RB, Lansford R, Chuong CM. Adaptive patterning of vascular network during avian skin development: Mesenchymal plasticity and dermal vasculogenesis. Cells Dev 2024:203922. [PMID: 38688358 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2024.203922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
A vasculature network supplies blood to feather buds in the developing skin. Does the vasculature network during early skin development form by sequential sprouting from the central vasculature or does local vasculogenesis occur first that then connect with the central vascular tree? Using transgenic Japanese quail Tg(TIE1p.H2B-eYFP), we observe that vascular progenitor cells appear after feather primordia formation. The vasculature then radiates out from each bud and connects with primordial vessels from neighboring buds. Later they connect with the central vasculature. Epithelial-mesenchymal recombination shows local vasculature is patterned by the epithelium, which expresses FGF2 and VEGF. Perturbing noggin expression leads to abnormal vascularization. To study endothelial origin, we compare transcriptomes of TIE1p.H2B-eYFP+ cells collected from the skin and aorta. Endothelial cells from the skin more closely resemble skin dermal cells than those from the aorta. The results show developing chicken skin vasculature is assembled by (1) physiological vasculogenesis from the peripheral tissue, and (2) subsequently connects with the central vasculature. The work implies mesenchymal plasticity and convergent differentiation play significant roles in development, and such processes may be re-activated during adult regeneration. SUMMARY STATEMENT: We show the vasculature network in the chicken skin is assembled using existing feather buds as the template, and endothelia are derived from local bud dermis and central vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Ling Ou
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Ostrow School of Dentistry of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Burn Center, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kuan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Junxiang J Huang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Graduate Programs in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - William Weijen Chang
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Shu-Man Hsieh Li
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Ostrow School of Dentistry of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Ting-Xin Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Randall B Widelitz
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Rusty Lansford
- Department of Radiology and Developmental Neuroscience Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
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Tsaryk R, Yucel N, Leonard EV, Diaz N, Bondareva O, Odenthal-Schnittler M, Arany Z, Vaquerizas JM, Schnittler H, Siekmann AF. Shear stress switches the association of endothelial enhancers from ETV/ETS to KLF transcription factor binding sites. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4795. [PMID: 35314737 PMCID: PMC8938417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) lining blood vessels are exposed to mechanical forces, such as shear stress. These forces control many aspects of EC biology, including vascular tone, cell migration and proliferation. Despite a good understanding of the genes responding to shear stress, our insight into the transcriptional regulation of these genes is much more limited. Here, we set out to study alterations in the chromatin landscape of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) exposed to laminar shear stress. To do so, we performed ChIP-Seq for H3K27 acetylation, indicative of active enhancer elements and ATAC-Seq to mark regions of open chromatin in addition to RNA-Seq on HUVEC exposed to 6 h of laminar shear stress. Our results show a correlation of gained and lost enhancers with up and downregulated genes, respectively. DNA motif analysis revealed an over-representation of KLF transcription factor (TF) binding sites in gained enhancers, while lost enhancers contained more ETV/ETS motifs. We validated a subset of flow responsive enhancers using luciferase-based reporter constructs and CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome editing. Lastly, we characterized the shear stress response in ECs of zebrafish embryos using RNA-Seq. Our results lay the groundwork for the exploration of shear stress responsive elements in controlling EC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Tsaryk
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nora Yucel
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Elvin V Leonard
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Noelia Diaz
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Olga Bondareva
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Vesaliusweg 2-4, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Odenthal-Schnittler
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Vesaliusweg 2-4, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Pottkamp 2, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Juan M Vaquerizas
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans Schnittler
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Vesaliusweg 2-4, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Pottkamp 2, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Arndt F Siekmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149, Münster, Germany.
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Pezzella F, Kerbel RS. On coalescent angiogenesis and the remarkable flexibility of blood vessels. Angiogenesis 2022; 25:1-3. [PMID: 34993716 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09825-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pezzella
- Nuffield Division of Laboratory Science, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Robert S Kerbel
- Biological Sciences Platform, Department of Medical Biophysics, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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4
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Sanketi BD, Kurpios NA. Avian Embryos as a Model to Study Vascular Development. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2438:183-195. [PMID: 35147943 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2035-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of live imaging is indispensable for advancing our understanding of vascular morphogenesis. Imaging fixed embryos at a series of distinct developmental time points, although valuable, does not reveal the dynamic behavior of cells, as well as their interactions with the underlying ECM. Due to the easy access of chicken embryos to manipulation and high-resolution imaging, this model has been at the origin of key discoveries. In parallel, known through its extensive use in quail-chick chimera studies, the quail embryo is equally poised to genetic manipulations and paramount to direct imaging of transgenic reporter quails. Here we describe ex ovo time-lapse confocal microscopy of transgenic quail embryo slices to image vascular development during gut morphogenesis. This technique is powerful as it allows direct observation of the dynamic endothelial cell behaviors along the left-right (LR) axis of the dorsal mesentery (DM), the major conduit for blood and lymphatic vessels that serve the gut. In combination with in ovo plasmid electroporation and quail-chick transplantation, these methods have allowed us to study the molecular mechanisms underlying blood vessel assembly during the formation of the intestine. Below we describe our protocols for the generation of embryo slices, ex ovo time-lapse imaging of fluorescently labeled cells, and quail-chick chimeras to study the early stages of gut vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargav D Sanketi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Natasza A Kurpios
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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5
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Rigatelli G, Chiastra C, Pennati G, Dubini G, Migliavacca F, Zuin M. Applications of computational fluid dynamics to congenital heart diseases: a practical review for cardiovascular professionals. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2021; 19:907-916. [PMID: 34704881 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2021.1999229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increased survival rate of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) has made it likely that 70%-95% of infants with CHDs surviving into adulthood often require careful follow-up and (repeat) interventions. Patients with CHDs often have abnormal blood flow patterns, due to both primary cardiac defect and the consequent surgical or endovascular repair. AREA COVERED Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) alone or coupled with advanced imaging tools can assess blood flow patterns of CHDs to both understand their pathophysiology and anticipate the results of surgical or interventional repair. EXPERT OPINION CFD is a mathematical technique that quantifies and describes the characteristics of fluid flow using the laws of physics. Through dedicated software based on virtual reconstruction and simulation and patients' real data coming from computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and 3/4 D-ultrasound, reconstruction of models of circulation of most CHD can be accomplished. CFD can provide insights about the pathophysiology of coronary artery anomalies, interatrial shunts, coarctation of the aorta and aortic bicuspid valve, tetralogy of Fallot and univentricular heart, with the capability in some cases of simulating different types of surgical or interventional repair and tailoring the treatment on the basis of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Rigatelli
- Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Endoluminal Interventions Unit, Rovigo General Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Claudio Chiastra
- PoliToBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pennati
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics (Labs), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Dubini
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics (Labs), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Migliavacca
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics (Labs), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Zuin
- Section of Internal and Cardiopulmonary Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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6
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Mahendra Y, He M, Rouf MA, Tjakra M, Fan L, Wang Y, Wang G. Progress and prospects of mechanotransducers in shear stress-sensitive signaling pathways in association with arteriovenous malformation. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2021; 88:105417. [PMID: 34246943 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arteriovenous malformations are congenital vascular lesions characterized by a direct and tangled connection between arteries and veins, which disrupts oxygen circulation and normal blood flow. Arteriovenous malformations often occur in the patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. The attempts to elucidate the causative factors and pathogenic mechanisms of arteriovenous malformations are now still in progress. Some studies reported that shear stress in blood flow is one of the factors involved in arteriovenous malformations manifestation. Through several mechanotransducers harboring the endothelial cells membrane, the signal from shear stress is transduced towards the responsible signaling pathways in endothelial cells to maintain cell homeostasis. Any disruption in this well-established communication will give rise to abnormal endothelial cells differentiation and specification, which will later promote arteriovenous malformations. In this review, we discuss the update of several mechanotransducers that have essential roles in shear stress-induced signaling pathways, such as activin receptor-like kinase 1, Endoglin, Notch, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, Caveolin-1, Connexin37, and Connexin40. Any disruption of these signaling potentially causes arteriovenous malformations. We also present some recent insights into the fundamental analysis, which attempts to determine potential and alternative solutions to battle arteriovenous malformations, especially in a less invasive and risky way, such as gene treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoga Mahendra
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Mei He
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Muhammad Abdul Rouf
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Marco Tjakra
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Longling Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yeqi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
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7
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de Laia AGS, Valverde TM, Barrioni BR, Cunha PDS, de Goes AM, de Miranda MC, Gomes DA, Queiroz-Junior CM, de Sá MA, de Magalhães Pereira M. Cobalt-containing bioactive glass mimics vascular endothelial growth factor A and hypoxia inducible factor 1 function. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:1051-1064. [PMID: 32876363 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive glasses (BGs) have shown great potential for tissue regeneration and their composition flexibility allows the incorporation of different ions with physiological activities and therapeutic properties in the glass network. Among the many ions that could be incorporated, cobalt (Co) is a significant one, as it mimics hypoxia, triggering the formation of new blood vessels by the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), due to the stabilizing effect on the hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF1A), an activator of angiogenesis-related genes, and is therefore of great interest for tissue engineering applications. However, despite its promising properties, the effects of glasses incorporated with Co on angiogenesis, through human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) studies, need to be further investigated. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the biocompatibility and angiogenic potential of a new sol-gel BG, derived from the SiO2 -CaO-P2 O5 -CoO system. The structural evaluation showed the predominance of an amorphous glass structure, and the homogeneous presence of cobalt in the samples was confirmed. in vitro experiments showed that Co-containing glasses did not affect the viability of HUVECs, stimulated the formation of tubes and the gene expression of HIF1A and VEGFA. in vivo experiments showed that Co-containing glasses stimulated VEGFA and HIF1A expression in blood vessels and cell nuclei, respectively, in the deep dermis layer of the dorsal region of rats, featuring considerable local stimulation of the angiogenesis process due to Co-release. Co-containing glasses showed therapeutic effect, and Co incorporation is a promising strategy for obtaining materials with superior angiogenesis properties for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Grossi Santos de Laia
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Engineering School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thalita Marcolan Valverde
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Breno Rocha Barrioni
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Engineering School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pricila da Silva Cunha
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Miranda de Goes
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Coutinho de Miranda
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dawidson Assis Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Celso Martins Queiroz-Junior
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos Augusto de Sá
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marivalda de Magalhães Pereira
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Engineering School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Murai H, Shibuya M, Kishita R, Sunase C, Tamura K, Saito D. Envelopment by endothelial cells initiates translocation of avian primordial germ cell into vascular tissue. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1410-1419. [PMID: 33745206 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In avian species, primordial germ cells (PGCs) migrate to the gonadal primordium through the vascular system. Because this mode of migration is reminiscent of cancer metastasis, it would be useful to elucidate the mechanisms underlying PGC migration via the bloodstream. Here, we sought to determine when, where, and how PGCs enter the vascular network by double visualization of PGCs and endothelial cells (ECs) in tie1:H2B-eYFP transgenic quails. RESULTS In the left and right lateral germinal crescent regions corresponding to the anterior-most area vasculosa, more than 60% of PGCs were enveloped by differentiating ECs forming blood islands prior to vascular network formation. Cell morphology analysis suggested that the PGC-EC interaction was instructed by differentiating ECs. At a later developmental stage, ECs anastomosed to form a vascular network with a lumen that retained PGCs within it. As a consequence, many PGCs localized within the luminal space of the mature vascular network at later stages. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that the major type of avian PGC translocation into vascular tissue is not a typical intravasation, as performed by types of metastatic cancer cells, but rather a passive translocation (envelopment) mediated by differentiating ECs during early vasculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Murai
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Minami Shibuya
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kishita
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sunase
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Tamura
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Saito
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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9
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Abstract
Avian species are used as model systems in research and have contributed to ground-breaking concepts in developmental biology, immunology, genetics, virology, cancer and cell biology. The chicken in particular is an important research model and an agricultural animal as a major contributor to animal protein resources for the global population. The development of genome editing methods, including CRISPR/Cas9, to mediate germline engineering of the avian genome will have important applications in biomedical, agricultural and biotechnological activities. Notably, these precise genome editing tools have the potential to enhance avian health and productivity by identifying and validating beneficial genetic variants in bird populations. Here, we present a concise description of the existing methods and current applications of the genome editing tools in bird species, focused on chickens, with attention on animal use and welfare issues for each of the techniques presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeepta K Panda
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mike J McGrew
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, UK
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10
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Gifre-Renom L, Jones EAV. Vessel Enlargement in Development and Pathophysiology. Front Physiol 2021; 12:639645. [PMID: 33716786 PMCID: PMC7947306 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.639645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
From developmental stages until adulthood, the circulatory system remodels in response to changes in blood flow in order to maintain vascular homeostasis. Remodeling processes can be driven by de novo formation of vessels or angiogenesis, and by the restructuration of already existing vessels, such as vessel enlargement and regression. Notably, vessel enlargement can occur as fast as in few hours in response to changes in flow and pressure. The high plasticity and responsiveness of blood vessels rely on endothelial cells. Changes within the bloodstream, such as increasing shear stress in a narrowing vessel or lowering blood flow in redundant vessels, are sensed by endothelial cells and activate downstream signaling cascades, promoting behavioral changes in the involved cells. This way, endothelial cells can reorganize themselves to restore normal circulation levels within the vessel. However, the dysregulation of such processes can entail severe pathological circumstances with disturbances affecting diverse organs, such as human hereditary telangiectasias. There are different pathways through which endothelial cells react to promote vessel enlargement and mechanisms may differ depending on whether remodeling occurs in the adult or in developmental models. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the fast-adapting processes governing vessel enlargement can open the door to a new set of therapeutical approaches to be applied in occlusive vascular diseases. Therefore, we have outlined here the latest advances in the study of vessel enlargement in physiology and pathology, with a special insight in the pathways involved in its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Gifre-Renom
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth A V Jones
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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11
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Ouyang M, Yu JY, Chen Y, Deng L, Guo CL. Cell-extracellular matrix interactions in the fluidic phase direct the topology and polarity of self-organized epithelial structures. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13014. [PMID: 33615615 PMCID: PMC8016639 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In vivo, cells are surrounded by extracellular matrix (ECM). To build organs from single cells, it is generally believed that ECM serves as scaffolds to coordinate cell positioning and differentiation. Nevertheless, how cells utilize cell‐ECM interactions for the spatiotemporal coordination to different ECM at the tissue scale is not fully understood. Methods Here, using in vitro assay with engineered MDCK cells expressing H2B‐mCherry (nucleus) and gp135/Podocalyxin‐GFP (apical marker), we show in multi‐dimensions that such coordination for epithelial morphogenesis can be determined by cell‐soluble ECM interaction in the fluidic phase. Results The coordination depends on the native topology of ECM components such as sheet‐like basement membrane (BM) and type I collagen (COL) fibres: scaffold formed by BM (COL) facilitates a close‐ended (open‐ended) coordination that leads to the formation of lobular (tubular) epithelium. Further, cells form apicobasal polarity throughout the entire lobule/tubule without a complete coverage of ECM at the basal side, and time‐lapse two‐photon scanning imaging reveals the polarization occurring early and maintained through the lobular expansion. During polarization, gp135‐GFP was converged to the apical surface collectively in the lobular/tubular structures, suggesting possible intercellular communications. Under suspension culture, the polarization was impaired with multi‐lumen formation in the tubules, implying the importance of ECM biomechanical microenvironment. Conclusion Our results suggest a biophysical mechanism for cells to form polarity and coordinate positioning at tissue scale, and in engineering epithelium through cell‐soluble ECM interaction and self‐assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Ouyang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy & School of Medicine, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China.,Department of Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
| | - Jiun-Yann Yu
- Department of Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
| | - Yenyu Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
| | - Linhong Deng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy & School of Medicine, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Chin-Lin Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
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12
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Abstract
For more than 2000 years, the avian embryo has helped scientists understand questions of developmental and cell biology. As early as 350 BC Aristotle described embryonic development inside a chicken egg (Aristotle, Generation of animals. Loeb Classical Library (translated), vol. 8, 1943). In the seventeenth century, Marcello Malpighi, referred to as the father of embryology, first diagramed the microscopic morphogenesis of the chick embryo, including extensive characterization of the cardiovascular system (Pearce Eur Neurol 58(4):253-255, 2007; West, Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 304(6):L383-L390, 2016). The ease of accessibility to the embryo and similarity to mammalian development have made avians a powerful system among model organisms. Currently, a unique combination of classical and modern techniques is employed for investigation of the vascular system in the avian embryo. Here, we will introduce the essential techniques of embryonic manipulation for experimental study in vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Asai
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael Bressan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Takashi Mikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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13
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Barua A, Nava-Sedeño JM, Meyer-Hermann M, Hatzikirou H. A least microenvironmental uncertainty principle (LEUP) as a generative model of collective cell migration mechanisms. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22371. [PMID: 33353977 PMCID: PMC7755925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79119-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective migration is commonly observed in groups of migrating cells, in the form of swarms or aggregates. Mechanistic models have proven very useful in understanding collective cell migration. Such models, either explicitly consider the forces involved in the interaction and movement of individuals or phenomenologically define rules which mimic the observed behavior of cells. However, mechanisms leading to collective migration are varied and specific to the type of cells involved. Additionally, the precise and complete dynamics of many important chemomechanical factors influencing cell movement, from signalling pathways to substrate sensing, are typically either too complex or largely unknown. The question is how to make quantitative/qualitative predictions of collective behavior without exact mechanistic knowledge. Here we propose the least microenvironmental uncertainty principle (LEUP) that may serve as a generative model of collective migration without precise incorporation of full mechanistic details. Using statistical physics tools, we show that the famous Vicsek model is a special case of LEUP. Finally, to test the biological applicability of our theory, we apply LEUP to construct a model of the collective behavior of spherical Serratia marcescens bacteria, where the underlying migration mechanisms remain elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Barua
- Department of Systems Immunology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Rebenring 56, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Univesität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 46, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Josue M Nava-Sedeño
- Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Univesität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 46, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Mathematics, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michael Meyer-Hermann
- Department of Systems Immunology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Rebenring 56, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Haralampos Hatzikirou
- Department of Systems Immunology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Rebenring 56, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
- Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Univesität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 46, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
- Mathematics Department, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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14
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Seco P, Martins GG, Jacinto A, Tavares AT. A Bird's Eye View on the Origin of Aortic Hemogenic Endothelial Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:605274. [PMID: 33330505 PMCID: PMC7717972 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.605274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During early embryogenesis, the hemogenic endothelium of the developing dorsal aorta is the main source of definitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which will generate all blood cell lineages of the adult organism. The hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) of the dorsal aorta are known to arise from the splanchnic lateral plate mesoderm. However, the specific cell lineages and developmental paths that give rise to aortic HECs are still unclear. Over the past half a century, the scientific debate on the origin of aortic HECs and HSCs has largely focused on two potential and apparently alternative birthplaces, the extraembryonic yolk sac blood islands and the intraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm. However, as we argue, both yolk sac blood islands and aortic HECs may have a common hemangioblastic origin. Further insight into aortic HEC development is being gained from fate-mapping studies that address the identity of progenitor cell lineages, rather than their physical location within the developing embryo. In this perspective article, we discuss the current knowledge on the origin of aortic HECs with a particular focus on the evidence provided by studies in the avian embryo, a model that pioneered the field of developmental hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Seco
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gabriel G Martins
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Jacinto
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Tavares
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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15
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Russo TA, Banuth AMM, Nader HB, Dreyfuss JL. Altered shear stress on endothelial cells leads to remodeling of extracellular matrix and induction of angiogenesis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241040. [PMID: 33211705 PMCID: PMC7676693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are subjected to physical forces such as shear stress (SS) induced by blood flow that leads to significant changes in morphology, physiology and gene expression. The abnormal mechanical forces applied in the cardiovascular system can influence the development of conditions and diseases such as thrombosis, hypertension and atherosclerosis. This study investigated the expression of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans and extracellular matrix molecules in ECs exposed to normal and altered SS. ECs were exposed to SS of 12 dyn/cm2 (artery physiological condition) and 4 dyn/cm2 (artery pathological condition). Subsequently, ECs were subjected to immunofluorescence, qPCR, GAG biosynthesis analyses and cell-based assays. SS induced changes in ECs morphology. There were other pathological consequences of altered SS, including inhibited adhesion, stimulation of migration and capillary-like tube formation, as well as increases of GAG synthesis. We observed higher expression of syndecan-4, perlecan, decorin, fibronectin and collagen III α1 and growth factors, including VEGF-A and TGFβ-1. ECs exposed to SS displayed extracellular matrix remodeling as well as expression of cell-matrix and cell-cell interaction molecules. This study contributes to the understanding of how vascular biology is affected by mechanical forces and how these molecules can be affected in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. A. Russo
- Molecular Biology Division, Department of Biochemistry, Carl Peter von Dietrich Laboratory, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A. M. M. Banuth
- Molecular Biology Division, Department of Biochemistry, Carl Peter von Dietrich Laboratory, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H. B. Nader
- Molecular Biology Division, Department of Biochemistry, Carl Peter von Dietrich Laboratory, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J. L. Dreyfuss
- Molecular Biology Division, Department of Biochemistry, Carl Peter von Dietrich Laboratory, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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16
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Sugihara K, Yamaguchi Y, Usui S, Nashimoto Y, Hanada S, Kiyokawa E, Uemura A, Yokokawa R, Nishiyama K, Miura T. A new perfusion culture method with a self-organized capillary network. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240552. [PMID: 33112918 PMCID: PMC7592787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A lack of perfusion has been one of the most significant obstacles for three-dimensional culture systems of organoids and embryonic tissues. Here, we developed a simple and reliable method to implement a perfusable capillary network in vitro. The method employed the self-organization of endothelial cells to generate a capillary network and a static pressure difference for culture medium circulation, which can be easily introduced to standard biological laboratories and enables long-term cultivation of vascular structures. Using this culture system, we perfused the lumen of the self-organized capillary network and observed a flow-induced vascular remodeling process, cell shape changes, and collective cell migration. We also observed an increase in cell proliferation around the self-organized vasculature induced by flow, indicating functional perfusion of the culture medium. We also reconstructed extravasation of tumor and inflammatory cells, and circulation inside spheroids including endothelial cells and human lung fibroblasts. In conclusion, this system is a promising tool to elucidate the mechanisms of various biological processes related to vascular flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Sugihara
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Yamaguchi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shiori Usui
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Nashimoto
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sanshiro Hanada
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Etsuko Kiyokawa
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Uemura
- Department of Retinal Vascular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Nishiyama
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Miura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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17
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Chu D, Nguyen A, Smith SS, Vavrušová Z, Schneider RA. Stable integration of an optimized inducible promoter system enables spatiotemporal control of gene expression throughout avian development. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio055343. [PMID: 32917762 PMCID: PMC7561481 DOI: 10.1242/bio.055343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Precisely altering gene expression is critical for understanding molecular processes of embryogenesis. Although some tools exist for transgene misexpression in developing chick embryos, we have refined and advanced them by simplifying and optimizing constructs for spatiotemporal control. To maintain expression over the entire course of embryonic development we use an enhanced piggyBac transposon system that efficiently integrates sequences into the host genome. We also incorporate a DNA targeting sequence to direct plasmid translocation into the nucleus and a D4Z4 insulator sequence to prevent epigenetic silencing. We designed these constructs to minimize their size and maximize cellular uptake, and to simplify usage by placing all of the integrating sequences on a single plasmid. Following electroporation of stage HH8.5 embryos, our tetracycline-inducible promoter construct produces robust transgene expression in the presence of doxycycline at any point during embryonic development in ovo or in culture. Moreover, expression levels can be modulated by titrating doxycycline concentrations and spatial control can be achieved using beads or gels. Thus, we have generated a novel, sensitive, tunable, and stable inducible-promoter system for high-resolution gene manipulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Chu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S-1164, San Francisco, CA 94143-0514, USA
| | - An Nguyen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S-1164, San Francisco, CA 94143-0514, USA
| | - Spenser S Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S-1164, San Francisco, CA 94143-0514, USA
| | - Zuzana Vavrušová
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S-1164, San Francisco, CA 94143-0514, USA
| | - Richard A Schneider
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S-1164, San Francisco, CA 94143-0514, USA
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18
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Lapierre-Landry M, Kolesová H, Liu Y, Watanabe M, Jenkins MW. Three-dimensional alignment of microvasculature and cardiomyocytes in the developing ventricle. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14955. [PMID: 32917915 PMCID: PMC7486945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71816-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
While major coronary artery development and pathologies affecting them have been extensively studied, understanding the development and organization of the coronary microvasculature beyond the earliest developmental stages requires new tools. Without techniques to image the coronary microvasculature over the whole heart, it is likely we are underestimating the microvasculature’s impact on normal development and diseases. We present a new imaging and analysis toolset to visualize the coronary microvasculature in intact embryonic hearts and quantify vessel organization. The fluorescent dyes DiI and DAPI were used to stain the coronary vasculature and cardiomyocyte nuclei in quail embryo hearts during rapid growth and morphogenesis of the left ventricular wall. Vessel and cardiomyocytes orientation were automatically extracted and quantified, and vessel density was calculated. The coronary microvasculature was found to follow the known helical organization of cardiomyocytes in the ventricular wall. Vessel density in the left ventricle did not change during and after compaction. This quantitative and automated approach will enable future cohort studies to understand the microvasculature’s role in diseases such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy where misalignment of cardiomyocytes has been observed in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryse Lapierre-Landry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Wood Building WG28, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Hana Kolesová
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.,Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yehe Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Wood Building WG28, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Michiko Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Michael W Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Wood Building WG28, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.
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19
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Wittig JG, Münsterberg A. The Chicken as a Model Organism to Study Heart Development. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a037218. [PMID: 31767650 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Heart development is a complex process and begins with the long-range migration of cardiac progenitor cells during gastrulation. This culminates in the formation of a simple contractile tube with multiple layers, which undergoes remodeling into a four-chambered heart. During this morphogenesis, additional cell populations become incorporated. It is important to unravel the underlying genetic and cellular mechanisms to be able to identify the embryonic origin of diseases, including congenital malformations, which impair cardiac function and may affect life expectancy or quality. Owing to the evolutionary conservation of development, observations made in nonamniote and amniote vertebrate species allow us to extrapolate to human. This review will focus on the contributions made to a better understanding of heart development through studying avian embryos-mainly the chicken but also quail embryos. We will illustrate the classic and recent approaches used in the avian system, give an overview of the important discoveries made, and summarize the early stages of cardiac development up to the establishment of the four-chambered heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes G Wittig
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Münsterberg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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20
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Serralbo O, Salgado D, Véron N, Cooper C, Dejardin MJ, Doran T, Gros J, Marcelle C. Transgenesis and web resources in quail. eLife 2020; 9:56312. [PMID: 32459172 PMCID: PMC7286689 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its amenability to manipulations, to live observation and its striking similarities to mammals, the chicken embryo has been one of the major animal models in biomedical research. Although it is technically possible to genome-edit the chicken, its long generation time (6 months to sexual maturity) makes it an impractical lab model and has prevented it widespread use in research. The Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) is an attractive alternative, very similar to the chicken, but with the decisive asset of a much shorter generation time (1.5 months). In recent years, transgenic quail lines have been described. Most of them were generated using replication-deficient lentiviruses, a technique that presents diverse limitations. Here, we introduce a novel technology to perform transgenesis in quail, based on the in vivo transfection of plasmids in circulating Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs). This technique is simple, efficient and allows using the infinite variety of genome engineering approaches developed in other models. Furthermore, we present a website centralizing quail genomic and technological information to facilitate the design of genome-editing strategies, showcase the past and future transgenic quail lines and foster collaborative work within the avian community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Serralbo
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - David Salgado
- Marseille Medical Genetics (GMGF), Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Nadège Véron
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Caitlin Cooper
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Timothy Doran
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jérome Gros
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Marcelle
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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21
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Borasch K, Richardson K, Plendl J. Cardiogenesis with a focus on vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Anat Histol Embryol 2020; 49:643-655. [PMID: 32319704 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The initial intraembryonic vasculogenesis occurs in the cardiogenic mesoderm. Here, a cell population of proendocardial cells detaches from the mesoderm that subsequently generates the single endocardial tube by forming vascular plexuses. In the course of embryogenesis, the endocardium retains vasculogenic, angiogenic and haematopoietic potential. The coronary blood vessels that sustain the rapidly expanding myocardium develop in the course of the formation of the cardiac loop by vasculogenesis and angiogenesis from progenitor cells of the proepicardial serosa at the venous pole of the heart as well as from the endocardium and endothelial cells of the sinus venosus. Prospective coronary endothelial cells and progenitor cells of the coronary blood vessel walls (smooth muscle cells, perivascular cells) originate from different cell populations that are in close spatial as well as regulatory connection with each other. Vasculo- and angiogenesis of the coronary blood vessels are for a large part regulated by the epicardium and epicardium-derived cells. Vasculogenic and angiogenic signalling pathways include the vascular endothelial growth factors, the angiopoietins and the fibroblast growth factors and their receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Borasch
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Freie University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kenneth Richardson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Johanna Plendl
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Freie University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Saadaoui M, Rocancourt D, Roussel J, Corson F, Gros J. A tensile ring drives tissue flows to shape the gastrulating amniote embryo. Science 2020; 367:453-458. [PMID: 31974255 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissue morphogenesis is driven by local cellular deformations that are powered by contractile actomyosin networks. How localized forces are transmitted across tissues to shape them at a mesoscopic scale is still unclear. Analyzing gastrulation in entire avian embryos, we show that it is driven by the graded contraction of a large-scale supracellular actomyosin ring at the margin between the embryonic and extraembryonic territories. The propagation of these forces is enabled by a fluid-like response of the epithelial embryonic disk, which depends on cell division. A simple model of fluid motion entrained by a tensile ring quantitatively captures the vortex-like "polonaise" movements that accompany the formation of the primitive streak. The geometry of the early embryo thus arises from the transmission of active forces generated along its boundary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Saadaoui
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France.,CNRS UMR3738, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Didier Rocancourt
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France.,CNRS UMR3738, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Julian Roussel
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France.,CNRS UMR3738, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Francis Corson
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, ENS, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Jerome Gros
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France. .,CNRS UMR3738, 75015 Paris, France
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23
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Loganathan R, Little CD, Rongish BJ. Extracellular matrix dynamics in tubulogenesis. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109619. [PMID: 32247774 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Biological tubes form in a variety of shapes and sizes. Tubular topology of cells and tissues is a widely recognizable histological feature of multicellular life. Fluid secretion, storage, transport, absorption, exchange, and elimination-processes central to metazoans-hinge on the exquisite tubular architectures of cells, tissues, and organs. In general, the apparent structural and functional complexity of tubular tissues and organs parallels the architectural and biophysical properties of their constitution, i.e., cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, cellular and ECM dynamics determine the developmental trajectory, topological characteristics, and functional efficacy of biological tubes. In this review of tubulogenesis, we highlight the multifarious roles of ECM dynamics-the less recognized and poorly understood morphogenetic counterpart of cellular dynamics. The ECM is a dynamic, tripartite composite spanning the luminal, abluminal, and interstitial space within the tubulogenic realm. The critical role of ECM dynamics in the determination of shape, size, and function of tubes is evinced by developmental studies across multiple levels-from morphological through molecular-in model tubular organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles D Little
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Brenda J Rongish
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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24
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Follow Me! A Tale of Avian Heart Development with Comparisons to Mammal Heart Development. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7010008. [PMID: 32156044 PMCID: PMC7151090 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian embryos have been used for centuries to study development due to the ease of access. Because the embryos are sheltered inside the eggshell, a small window in the shell is ideal for visualizing the embryos and performing different interventions. The window can then be covered, and the embryo returned to the incubator for the desired amount of time, and observed during further development. Up to about 4 days of chicken development (out of 21 days of incubation), when the egg is opened the embryo is on top of the yolk, and its heart is on top of its body. This allows easy imaging of heart formation and heart development using non-invasive techniques, including regular optical microscopy. After day 4, the embryo starts sinking into the yolk, but still imaging technologies, such as ultrasound, can tomographically image the embryo and its heart in vivo. Importantly, because like the human heart the avian heart develops into a four-chambered heart with valves, heart malformations and pathologies that human babies suffer can be replicated in avian embryos, allowing a unique developmental window into human congenital heart disease. Here, we review avian heart formation and provide comparisons to the mammalian heart.
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25
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Tsujino K, Okuzaki Y, Hibino N, Kawamura K, Saito S, Ozaki Y, Ishishita S, Kuroiwa A, Iijima S, Matsuda Y, Nishijima K, Suzuki T. Identification of transgene integration site and anatomical properties of fluorescence intensity in a EGFP transgenic chicken line. Dev Growth Differ 2019; 61:393-401. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Tsujino
- Division of Biological Science Graduate School of Science Nagoya University Furo‐cho Nagoya Japan
| | - Yuya Okuzaki
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hibino
- Division of Biological Science Graduate School of Science Nagoya University Furo‐cho Nagoya Japan
| | - Kazuki Kawamura
- Division of Biological Science Graduate School of Science Nagoya University Furo‐cho Nagoya Japan
| | - Seiji Saito
- Division of Biological Science Graduate School of Science Nagoya University Furo‐cho Nagoya Japan
| | - Yumi Ozaki
- Avian Bioscience Research Center Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishishita
- Avian Bioscience Research Center Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuroiwa
- Division of Biological Science Graduate School of Science Nagoya University Furo‐cho Nagoya Japan
| | - Shinji Iijima
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Yoichi Matsuda
- Avian Bioscience Research Center Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Kenichi Nishijima
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Takayuki Suzuki
- Avian Bioscience Research Center Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
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26
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Mehes E, Barath M, Gulyas M, Bugyik E, Geiszt M, Szoor A, Lanyi A, Czirok A. Enhanced endothelial motility and multicellular sprouting is mediated by the scaffold protein TKS4. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14363. [PMID: 31591456 PMCID: PMC6779758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50915-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell motility has fundamental role in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis during developmental or pathological processes. Tks4 is a scaffold protein known to organize the cytoskeleton of lamellipodia and podosomes, and thus modulating cell motility and invasion. In particular, Tks4 is required for the localization and activity of membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase, a key factor for extracellular matrix (ECM) cleavage during cell migration. While its role in transformed cells is well established, little is known about the function of Tks4 under physiological conditions. In this study we examined the impact of Tks4 gene silencing on the functional activity of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and used time-lapse videomicrosopy and quantitative image analysis to characterize cell motility phenotypes in culture. We demonstrate that the absence of Tks4 in endothelial cells leads to impaired ECM cleavage and decreased motility within a 3-dimensional ECM environment. Furthermore, absence of Tks4 also decreases the ability of HUVEC cells to form multicellular sprouts, a key requirement for angiogenesis. To establish the involvement of Tks4 in vascular development in vivo, we show that loss of Tks4 leads sparser vasculature in the fetal chorion in the Tks4-deficient ‘nee’ mouse strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elod Mehes
- Department of Biological Physics, Eotvos University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Monika Barath
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marton Gulyas
- Department of Biological Physics, Eotvos University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edina Bugyik
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklos Geiszt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Arpad Szoor
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Arpad Lanyi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andras Czirok
- Department of Biological Physics, Eotvos University, Budapest, Hungary. .,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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27
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Abstract
Embryonic development is highly complex and dynamic, requiring the coordination of numerous molecular and cellular events at precise times and places. Advances in imaging technology have made it possible to follow developmental processes at cellular, tissue, and organ levels over time as they take place in the intact embryo. Parallel innovations of in vivo probes permit imaging to report on molecular, physiological, and anatomical events of embryogenesis, but the resulting multidimensional data sets pose significant challenges for extracting knowledge. In this review, we discuss recent and emerging advances in imaging technologies, in vivo labeling, and data processing that offer the greatest potential for jointly deciphering the intricate cellular dynamics and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our discussion of the emerging area of “image-omics” highlights both the challenges of data analysis and the promise of more fully embracing computation and data science for rapidly advancing our understanding of biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cutrale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Scott E. Fraser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
- Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Le A. Trinh
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
- Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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28
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Huss DJ, Saias S, Hamamah S, Singh JM, Wang J, Dave M, Kim J, Eberwine J, Lansford R. Avian Primordial Germ Cells Contribute to and Interact With the Extracellular Matrix During Early Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:35. [PMID: 30984757 PMCID: PMC6447691 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During early avian development, primordial germ cells (PGC) are highly migratory, moving from the central area pellucida of the blastoderm to the anterior extra-embryonic germinal crescent. The PGCs soon move into the forming blood vessels by intravasation and travel in the circulatory system to the genital ridges where they participate in the organogenesis of the gonads. This complex cellular migration takes place in close association with a nascent extracellular matrix that matures in a precise spatio-temporal pattern. We first compiled a list of quail matrisome genes by bioinformatic screening of human matrisome orthologs. Next, we used single cell RNA-seq analysis (scRNAseq) to determine that PGCs express numerous ECM and ECM-associated genes in early embryos. The expression of select ECM transcripts and proteins in PGCs were verified by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunofluorescence (IF). Live imaging of transgenic quail embryos injected with fluorescent antibodies against fibronectin and laminin, showed that germinal crescent PGCs display rapid shape changes and morphological properties such as blebbing and filopodia while surrounded by, or in close contact with, an ECM fibril meshwork that is itself in constant motion. Injection of anti-β1 integrin CSAT antibodies resulted in a reduction of mature fibronectin and laminin fibril meshwork in the germinal crescent at HH4-5 but did not alter the active motility of the PGCs or their ability to populate the germinal crescent. These results suggest that integrin β1 receptors are important, but not required, for PGCs to successfully migrate during embryonic development, but instead play a vital role in ECM fibrillogenesis and assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Huss
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sasha Saias
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sevag Hamamah
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Genome Frontiers Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Genome Frontiers Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mohit Dave
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Junhyong Kim
- Penn Genome Frontiers Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - James Eberwine
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Genome Frontiers Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rusty Lansford
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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29
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Red-Horse K, Siekmann AF. Veins and Arteries Build Hierarchical Branching Patterns Differently: Bottom-Up versus Top-Down. Bioessays 2019; 41:e1800198. [PMID: 30805984 PMCID: PMC6478158 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A tree-like hierarchical branching structure is present in many biological systems, such as the kidney, lung, mammary gland, and blood vessels. Most of these organs form through branching morphogenesis, where outward growth results in smaller and smaller branches. However, the blood vasculature is unique in that it exists as two trees (arterial and venous) connected at their tips. Obtaining this organization might therefore require unique developmental mechanisms. As reviewed here, recent data indicate that arterial trees often form in reverse order. Accordingly, initial arterial endothelial cell differentiation occurs outside of arterial vessels. These pre-artery cells then build trees by following a migratory path from smaller into larger arteries, a process guided by the forces imparted by blood flow. Thus, in comparison to other branched organs, arteries can obtain their structure through inward growth and coalescence. Here, new information on the underlying mechanisms is discussed, and how defects can lead to pathologies, such as hypoplastic arteries and arteriovenous malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Red-Horse
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford 94305 California,
| | - Arndt F. Siekmann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104 Pennsylvania,
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30
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Moreau C, Caldarelli P, Rocancourt D, Roussel J, Denans N, Pourquie O, Gros J. Timed Collinear Activation of Hox Genes during Gastrulation Controls the Avian Forelimb Position. Curr Biol 2019; 29:35-50.e4. [PMID: 30554902 PMCID: PMC6331352 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Limb position along the body is highly consistent within one species but very variable among vertebrates. Despite major advances in our understanding of limb patterning in three dimensions, how limbs reproducibly form along the antero-posterior axis remains largely unknown. Hox genes have long been suspected to control limb position; however, supporting evidences are mostly correlative and their role in this process is unclear. Here, we show that limb position is determined early in development through the action of Hox genes. Dynamic lineage analysis revealed that, during gastrulation, the forelimb, interlimb, and hindlimb fields are progressively generated and concomitantly patterned by the collinear activation of Hox genes in a two-step process. First, the sequential activation of Hoxb genes controls the relative position of their own collinear domains of expression in the forming lateral plate mesoderm, as demonstrated by functional perturbations during gastrulation. Then, within these collinear domains, we show that Hoxb4 anteriorly and Hox9 genes posteriorly, respectively, activate and repress the expression of the forelimb initiation gene Tbx5 and instruct the definitive position of the forelimb. Furthermore, by comparing the dynamics of Hoxb genes activation during zebra finch, chicken, and ostrich gastrulation, we provide evidences that changes in the timing of collinear Hox gene activation might underlie natural variation in forelimb position between different birds. Altogether, our results that characterize the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation and natural variation of forelimb positioning in avians show a direct and early role for Hox genes in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Moreau
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France; CNRS UMR3738, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Cellule Pasteur UPMC, rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Paolo Caldarelli
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France; CNRS UMR3738, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Cellule Pasteur UPMC, rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Didier Rocancourt
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France; CNRS UMR3738, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Julian Roussel
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France; CNRS UMR3738, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Denans
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Olivier Pourquie
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jerome Gros
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France; CNRS UMR3738, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
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31
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Lakatos D, Somfai E, Méhes E, Czirók A. Soluble VEGFR1 signaling guides vascular patterns into dense branching morphologies. J Theor Biol 2018; 456:261-278. [PMID: 30086288 PMCID: PMC6292526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Vascular patterning is a key process during development and disease. The diffusive decoy receptor sVEGFR1 (sFlt1) is a known regulator of endothelial cell behavior, yet the mechanism by which it controls vascular structure is little understood. We propose computational models to shed light on how vascular patterning is guided by self-organized gradients of the VEGF/sVEGFR1 factors. We demonstrate that a diffusive inhibitor can generate structures with a dense branching morphology in models where the activator elicits directed growth. Inadequate presence of the inhibitor leads to compact growth, while excessive production of the inhibitor blocks expansion and stabilizes existing structures. Model predictions were compared with time-resolved experimental data obtained from endothelial sprout kinetics in fibrin gels. In the presence of inhibitory antibodies against VEGFR1 vascular sprout density increases while the speed of sprout expansion remains unchanged. Thus, the rate of secretion and stability of extracellular sVEGFR1 can modulate vascular sprout density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Lakatos
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ellák Somfai
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Center for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Előd Méhes
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Czirók
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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32
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Aleksandrova A, Filla MB, Kosa E, Little CD, Petersen A, Rongish BJ. Altered VEGF Signaling Leads to Defects in Heart Tube Elongation and Omphalomesenteric Vein Fusion in Quail Embryos. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 302:175-185. [PMID: 30299585 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Formation of the endocardial and myocardial heart tubes involves precise cardiac progenitor sorting and tissue displacements from the primary heart field to the embryonic midline-a process that is dependent on proper formation of conjoining great vessels, including the omphalomesenteric veins (OVs) and dorsal aortae. Using a combination of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) over- and under-activation, fluorescence labeling of cardiac progenitors (endocardial and myocardial), and time-lapse imaging, we show that altering VEGF signaling results in previously unreported myocardial, in addition to vascular and endocardial phenotypes. Resultant data show: (1) exogenous VEGF leads to truncated endocardial and myocardial heart tubes and grossly dilated OVs; (2) decreased levels of VEGF receptor 2 tyrosine kinase signaling result in a severe abrogation of the endocardial tube, dorsal aortae, and OVs. Surprisingly, only slightly altered myocardial tube fusion and morphogenesis is observed. We conclude that VEGF has direct effects on the VEGF receptor 2-bearing endocardial and endothelial precursors, and that altered vascular morphology of the OVs also indirectly results in altered myocardial tube formation. Anat Rec, 302:175-185, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Aleksandrova
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Michael B Filla
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Edina Kosa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Charles D Little
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Alan Petersen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Brenda J Rongish
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, Kansas
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33
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Courchaine K, Rugonyi S. Quantifying blood flow dynamics during cardiac development: demystifying computational methods. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:20170330. [PMID: 30249779 PMCID: PMC6158206 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood flow conditions (haemodynamics) are crucial for proper cardiovascular development. Indeed, blood flow induces biomechanical adaptations and mechanotransduction signalling that influence cardiovascular growth and development during embryonic stages and beyond. Altered blood flow conditions are a hallmark of congenital heart disease, and disrupted blood flow at early embryonic stages is known to lead to congenital heart malformations. In spite of this, many of the mechanisms by which blood flow mechanics affect cardiovascular development remain unknown. This is due in part to the challenges involved in quantifying blood flow dynamics and the forces exerted by blood flow on developing cardiovascular tissues. Recent technologies, however, have allowed precise measurement of blood flow parameters and cardiovascular geometry even at early embryonic stages. Combined with computational fluid dynamics techniques, it is possible to quantify haemodynamic parameters and their changes over development, which is a crucial step in the quest for understanding the role of mechanical cues on heart and vascular formation. This study summarizes some fundamental aspects of modelling blood flow dynamics, with a focus on three-dimensional modelling techniques, and discusses relevant studies that are revealing the details of blood flow and their influence on cardiovascular development.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Mechanics of development'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Courchaine
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sandra Rugonyi
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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34
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Paatero I, Sauteur L, Lee M, Lagendijk AK, Heutschi D, Wiesner C, Guzmán C, Bieli D, Hogan BM, Affolter M, Belting HG. Junction-based lamellipodia drive endothelial cell rearrangements in vivo via a VE-cadherin-F-actin based oscillatory cell-cell interaction. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3545. [PMID: 30171187 PMCID: PMC6119192 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05851-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis and vascular remodeling are driven by extensive endothelial cell movements. Here, we present in vivo evidence that endothelial cell movements are associated with oscillating lamellipodia-like structures, which emerge from cell junctions in the direction of cell movements. High-resolution time-lapse imaging of these junction-based lamellipodia (JBL) shows dynamic and distinct deployment of junctional proteins, such as F-actin, VE-cadherin and ZO1, during JBL oscillations. Upon initiation, F-actin and VE-cadherin are broadly distributed within JBL, whereas ZO1 remains at cell junctions. Subsequently, a new junction is formed at the front of the JBL, which then merges with the proximal junction. Rac1 inhibition interferes with JBL oscillations and disrupts cell elongation-similar to a truncation in ve-cadherin preventing VE-cad/F-actin interaction. Taken together, our observations suggest an oscillating ratchet-like mechanism, which is used by endothelial cells to move over each other and thus provides the physical means for cell rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkka Paatero
- Department of Cell Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland.,Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Loïc Sauteur
- Department of Cell Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Minkyoung Lee
- Department of Cell Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Anne K Lagendijk
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Heutschi
- Department of Cell Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Cora Wiesner
- Department of Cell Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Camilo Guzmán
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Dimitri Bieli
- Department of Cell Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin M Hogan
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Markus Affolter
- Department of Cell Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland.
| | - Heinz-Georg Belting
- Department of Cell Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland.
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35
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Alves AP, Mesquita ON, Gómez-Gardeñes J, Agero U. Graph analysis of cell clusters forming vascular networks. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:171592. [PMID: 29657767 PMCID: PMC5882691 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript describes the experimental observation of vasculogenesis in chick embryos by means of network analysis. The formation of the vascular network was observed in the area opaca of embryos from 40 to 55 h of development. In the area opaca endothelial cell clusters self-organize as a primitive and approximately regular network of capillaries. The process was observed by bright-field microscopy in control embryos and in embryos treated with Bevacizumab (Avastin®), an antibody that inhibits the signalling of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The sequence of images of the vascular growth were thresholded, and used to quantify the forming network in control and Avastin-treated embryos. This characterization is made by measuring vessels density, number of cell clusters and the largest cluster density. From the original images, the topology of the vascular network was extracted and characterized by means of the usual network metrics such as: the degree distribution, average clustering coefficient, average short path length and assortativity, among others. This analysis allows to monitor how the largest connected cluster of the vascular network evolves in time and provides with quantitative evidence of the disruptive effects that Avastin has on the tree structure of vascular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. P. Alves
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais- 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Author for correspondence: A. P. Alves e-mail:
| | - O. N. Mesquita
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais- 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - J. Gómez-Gardeñes
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- GOTHAM Lab, Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - U. Agero
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais- 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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36
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Mecham RP, Ramirez F. Extracellular Determinants of Arterial Morphogenesis, Growth, and Homeostasis. Curr Top Dev Biol 2018; 130:193-216. [PMID: 29853177 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly heterogeneous mixture of macromolecules capable of self-assembling into tissue-specific suprastructures that constitute the architectural elements supporting organ function. Contrary to the traditional view of being a static scaffold that supports tissue integrity along with cell adhesion and migration, the ECM is an inherently dynamic system that specifies cellular function and defines the limits and patterns of tissue organization. Throughout evolution, the composition and organization of the ECM have changed to accommodate basic and new tissue functions, both in terms of providing structural support and integrating multivalent signals to cells. In this review, we will highlight some of these bidirectional cell-matrix interactions that guide the development of a mechanically compliant vascular system. Specifically, we will focus on studies that have investigated how ECM composition and physical properties influence cell fate decisions associated with vascular tissue development and homeostasis and implicitly, vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Francesco Ramirez
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
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37
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Dynamic, heterogeneous endothelial Tie2 expression and capillary blood flow during microvascular remodeling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9049. [PMID: 28831080 PMCID: PMC5567377 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08982-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular endothelial cell heterogeneity and its relationship to hemodynamics remains poorly understood due to a lack of sufficient methods to examine these parameters in vivo at high resolution throughout an angiogenic network. The availability of surrogate markers for functional vascular proteins, such as green fluorescent protein, enables expression in individual cells to be followed over time using confocal microscopy, while photoacoustic microscopy enables dynamic measurement of blood flow across the network with capillary-level resolution. We combined these two non-invasive imaging modalities in order to spatially and temporally analyze biochemical and biomechanical drivers of angiogenesis in murine corneal neovessels. By stimulating corneal angiogenesis with an alkali burn in Tie2-GFP fluorescent-reporter mice, we evaluated how onset of blood flow and surgically-altered blood flow affects Tie2-GFP expression. Our study establishes a novel platform for analyzing heterogeneous blood flow and fluorescent reporter protein expression across a dynamic microvascular network in an adult mammal.
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38
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Scarpella E. The logic of plant vascular patterning. Polarity, continuity and plasticity in the formation of the veins and of their networks. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2017; 45:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Poduri A, Chang AH, Raftrey B, Rhee S, Van M, Red-Horse K. Endothelial cells respond to the direction of mechanical stimuli through SMAD signaling to regulate coronary artery size. Development 2017; 144:3241-3252. [PMID: 28760815 DOI: 10.1242/dev.150904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
How mechanotransduction intersects with chemical and transcriptional factors to shape organogenesis is an important question in developmental biology. This is particularly relevant to the cardiovascular system, which uses mechanical signals from flowing blood to stimulate cytoskeletal and transcriptional responses that form a highly efficient vascular network. Using this system, artery size and structure are tightly regulated, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that deletion of Smad4 increased the diameter of coronary arteries during mouse embryonic development, a phenotype that followed the initiation of blood flow. At the same time, the BMP signal transducers SMAD1/5/8 were activated in developing coronary arteries. In a culture model of blood flow-induced shear stress, human coronary artery endothelial cells failed to align when either BMPs were inhibited or SMAD4 was depleted. In contrast to control cells, SMAD4-deficient cells did not migrate against the direction of shear stress and increased proliferation rates specifically under flow. Similar alterations were seen in coronary arteries in vivo Thus, endothelial cells perceive the direction of blood flow and respond through SMAD signaling to regulate artery size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Poduri
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrew H Chang
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brian Raftrey
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Siyeon Rhee
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mike Van
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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40
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Chang AH, Raftrey BC, D'Amato G, Surya VN, Poduri A, Chen HI, Goldstone AB, Woo J, Fuller GG, Dunn AR, Red-Horse K. DACH1 stimulates shear stress-guided endothelial cell migration and coronary artery growth through the CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling axis. Genes Dev 2017; 31:1308-1324. [PMID: 28779009 PMCID: PMC5580653 DOI: 10.1101/gad.301549.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient blood flow to tissues relies on arterial blood vessels, but the mechanisms regulating their development are poorly understood. Many arteries, including coronary arteries of the heart, form through remodeling of an immature vascular plexus in a process triggered and shaped by blood flow. However, little is known about how cues from fluid shear stress are translated into responses that pattern artery development. Here, we show that mice lacking endothelial Dach1 had small coronary arteries, decreased endothelial cell polarization, and reduced expression of the chemokine Cxcl12 Under shear stress in culture, Dach1 overexpression stimulated endothelial cell polarization and migration against flow, which was reversed upon CXCL12/CXCR4 inhibition. In vivo, DACH1 was expressed during early arteriogenesis but was down in mature arteries. Mature artery-type shear stress (high, uniform laminar) specifically down-regulated DACH1, while the remodeling artery-type flow (low, variable) maintained DACH1 expression. Together, our data support a model in which DACH1 stimulates coronary artery growth by activating Cxcl12 expression and endothelial cell migration against blood flow into developing arteries. This activity is suppressed once arteries reach a mature morphology and acquire high, laminar flow that down-regulates DACH1. Thus, we identified a mechanism by which blood flow quality balances artery growth and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Chang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Brian C Raftrey
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Gaetano D'Amato
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Vinay N Surya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Aruna Poduri
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Heidi I Chen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Andrew B Goldstone
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Joseph Woo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Gerald G Fuller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Alexander R Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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41
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Zhang J, Peng X, Yuan A, Xie Y, Yang Q, Xue L. Peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ mediates porcine placental angiogenesis through hypoxia inducible factor‑, vascular endothelial growth factor‑ and angiopoietin‑mediated signaling. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2636-2644. [PMID: 28677792 PMCID: PMC5548051 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ has been reported to be implicated in placentation in mice. Previous studies have demonstrated that PPARγ is also expressed in porcine placenta, primarily localized in vascular endothelial cells (VECs). The present study aimed to investigate the roles of PPARγ during porcine placental angiogenesis and examine the molecular mechanisms involved in its actions. VECs were incubated with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone and the antagonist T0070907, and their angiogenic potential was evaluated using cellular impedance, wound healing and tube formation assays. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the mRNA expression levels of angiogenic factors, including hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoforms, VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) and angiopoietins (Angs). The results demonstrated that the adhesive, proliferative and migratory capabilities of VECs were potentiated by rosiglitazone and suppressed by T0070907. Notably, tube formation was invariably promoted during PPARγ activation and blockade. The mRNA expression levels of HIF1α, HIF2α, VEGFR2, VEGF188 and Ang-1 were revealed to be upregulated following treatment of VECs with rosiglitazone, whereas they were downregulated following treatment with T0070907. However, the mRNA expression levels of placental growth factor and VEGF120 were consistently downregulated following PPARγ activation and blockade, whereas VEGF164 mRNA levels remained unaltered. The results of the present study suggested that PPARγ may mediate porcine placental angiogenesis, by interfering with HIF-, VEGF- and angiopoietin-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juzuo Zhang
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Peng
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
| | - Anwen Yuan
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
| | - Liqun Xue
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
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42
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Barbacena P, Carvalho JR, Franco CA. Endothelial cell dynamics in vascular remodelling. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2017; 64:557-563. [PMID: 27802214 DOI: 10.3233/ch-168006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this ESCHM 2016 conference talk report, we summarise two recently published original articles Franco et al. PLoS Biology 2015 and Franco et al. eLIFE 2016. The vascular network undergoes extensive vessel remodelling to become fully functional. Is it well established that blood flow is a main driver for vascular remodelling. It has also been proposed that vessel pruning is a central process within physiological vessel remodelling. However, despite its central function, the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating vessel regression, and their interaction with blood flow patterns, remain largely unexplained. We investigated the cellular process governing developmental vascular remodelling in mouse and zebrafish. We established that polarised reorganization of endothelial cells is at the core of vessel regression, representing vessel anastomosis in reverse. Moreover, we established for the first time an axial polarity map for all endothelial cells together with an in silico method for the computation of the haemodynamic forces in the murine retinal vasculature. Using network-level analysis and microfluidics, we showed that endothelial non-canonical Wnt signalling regulates endothelial sensitivity to shear forces. Loss of Wnt5a/11 renders endothelial cells more sensitive to shear, resulting in axial polarisation at lower shear stress levels. Collectively our data suggest that non-canonical Wnt signalling stabilizes forming vascular networks by reducing endothelial shear sensitivity, thus keeping vessels open under low flow conditions that prevail in the primitive plexus.
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43
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Ojeda AF, Munjaal RP, Lwigale PY. Knockdown of CXCL14 disrupts neurovascular patterning during ocular development. Dev Biol 2017; 423:77-91. [PMID: 28095300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The C-X-C motif ligand 14 (CXCL14) is a recently discovered chemokine that is highly conserved in vertebrates and expressed in various embryonic and adult tissues. CXCL14 signaling has been implicated to function as an antiangiogenic and anticancer agent in adults. However, its function during development is unknown. We previously identified novel expression of CXCL14 mRNA in various ocular tissues during development. Here, we show that CXCL14 protein is expressed in the anterior eye at a critical time during neurovascular development and in the retina during neurogenesis. We report that RCAS-mediated knockdown of CXCL14 causes severe neural defects in the eye including precocious and excessive innervation of the cornea and iris. Absence of CXCL14 results in the malformation of the neural retina and misprojection of the retinal ganglion neurons. The ocular neural defects may be due to loss of CXCL12 modulation since recombinant CXCL14 diminishes CXCL12-induced axon growth in vitro. Furthermore, we show that knockdown of CXCL14 causes neovascularization of the cornea. Altogether, our results show for the first time that CXCL14 plays a critical role in modulating neurogenesis and inhibiting ectopic vascularization of the cornea during ocular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Ojeda
- BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, United States; Universidad Santo Tomas, sede Puerto Montt, Buenavecindad #91, Décima región de los Lagos, Chile
| | - Ravi P Munjaal
- BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Peter Y Lwigale
- BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, United States.
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44
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McKinney MC, McLennan R, Kulesa PM. Angiopoietin 2 signaling plays a critical role in neural crest cell migration. BMC Biol 2016; 14:111. [PMID: 27978830 PMCID: PMC5159958 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-016-0323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collective neural crest cell migration is critical to the form and function of the vertebrate face and neck, distributing bone, cartilage, and nerve cells into peripheral targets that are intimately linked with head vasculature. The vasculature and neural crest structures are ultimately linked, but when and how these patterns develop in the early embryo are not well understood. RESULTS Using in vivo imaging and sophisticated cell behavior analyses, we show that quail cranial neural crest and endothelial cells share common migratory paths, sort out in a dynamic multistep process, and display multiple types of motion. To better understand the underlying molecular signals, we examined the role of angiopoietin 2 (Ang2), which we found expressed in migrating cranial neural crest cells. Overexpression of Ang2 causes neural crest cells to be more exploratory as displayed by invasion of off-target locations, the widening of migratory streams into prohibitive zones, and differences in cell motility type. The enhanced exploratory phenotype correlates with increased phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase activity in migrating neural crest cells. In contrast, loss of Ang2 function reduces neural crest cell exploration. In both gain and loss of function of Ang2, we found disruptions to the timing and interplay between cranial neural crest and endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data demonstrate a role for Ang2 in maintaining collective cranial neural crest cell migration and suggest interdependence with endothelial cell migration during vertebrate head patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca McLennan
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St., Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Paul M Kulesa
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St., Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, 64157, USA.
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45
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Wang X, Chen D, Chen K, Jubran A, Ramirez A, Astrof S. Endothelium in the pharyngeal arches 3, 4 and 6 is derived from the second heart field. Dev Biol 2016; 421:108-117. [PMID: 27955943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxygenated blood from the heart is directed into the systemic circulation through the aortic arch arteries (AAAs). The AAAs arise by remodeling of three symmetrical pairs of pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs), which connect the heart with the paired dorsal aortae at mid-gestation. Aberrant PAA formation results in defects frequently observed in patients with lethal congenital heart disease. How the PAAs form in mammals is not understood. The work presented in this manuscript shows that the second heart field (SHF) is the major source of progenitors giving rise to the endothelium of the pharyngeal arches 3 - 6, while the endothelium in the pharyngeal arches 1 and 2 is derived from a different source. During the formation of the PAAs 3 - 6, endothelial progenitors in the SHF extend cellular processes toward the pharyngeal endoderm, migrate from the SHF and assemble into a uniform vascular plexus. This plexus then undergoes remodeling, whereby plexus endothelial cells coalesce into a large PAA in each pharyngeal arch. Taken together, our studies establish a platform for investigating cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating PAA formation and alterations that lead to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Dongying Chen
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA; Graduate Program in Cell & Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelley Chen
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA; Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Clinical & Translational Research Track, USA
| | - Ali Jubran
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA; The Master's of Science Program in Cell & Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - AnnJosette Ramirez
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA; Graduate Program in Cell & Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sophie Astrof
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA; Graduate Program in Cell & Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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46
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Sharma B, Chang A, Red-Horse K. Coronary Artery Development: Progenitor Cells and Differentiation Pathways. Annu Rev Physiol 2016; 79:1-19. [PMID: 27959616 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-033953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the number one cause of death worldwide and involves the accumulation of plaques within the artery wall that can occlude blood flow to the heart and cause myocardial infarction. The high mortality associated with CAD makes the development of medical interventions that repair and replace diseased arteries a high priority for the cardiovascular research community. Advancements in arterial regenerative medicine could benefit from a detailed understanding of coronary artery development during embryogenesis and of how these pathways might be reignited during disease. Recent research has advanced our knowledge on how the coronary vasculature is built and revealed unexpected features of progenitor cell deployment that may have implications for organogenesis in general. Here, we highlight these recent findings and discuss how they set the stage to interrogate developmental pathways during injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikram Sharma
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305;
| | - Andrew Chang
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; .,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305;
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47
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Betz C, Lenard A, Belting HG, Affolter M. Cell behaviors and dynamics during angiogenesis. Development 2016; 143:2249-60. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.135616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vascular networks are formed and maintained through a multitude of angiogenic processes, such as sprouting, anastomosis and pruning. Only recently has it become possible to study the behavior of the endothelial cells that contribute to these networks at a single-cell level in vivo. This Review summarizes what is known about endothelial cell behavior during developmental angiogenesis, focusing on the morphogenetic changes that these cells undergo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Betz
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Anna Lenard
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Heinz-Georg Belting
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Markus Affolter
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
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48
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Loganathan R, Rongish BJ, Smith CM, Filla MB, Czirok A, Bénazéraf B, Little CD. Extracellular matrix motion and early morphogenesis. Development 2016; 143:2056-65. [PMID: 27302396 PMCID: PMC4920166 DOI: 10.1242/dev.127886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For over a century, embryologists who studied cellular motion in early amniotes generally assumed that morphogenetic movement reflected migration relative to a static extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold. However, as we discuss in this Review, recent investigations reveal that the ECM is also moving during morphogenesis. Time-lapse studies show how convective tissue displacement patterns, as visualized by ECM markers, contribute to morphogenesis and organogenesis. Computational image analysis distinguishes between cell-autonomous (active) displacements and convection caused by large-scale (composite) tissue movements. Modern quantification of large-scale 'total' cellular motion and the accompanying ECM motion in the embryo demonstrates that a dynamic ECM is required for generation of the emergent motion patterns that drive amniote morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajprasad Loganathan
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Brenda J Rongish
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Christopher M Smith
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Michael B Filla
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Andras Czirok
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA Department of Biological Physics, Eotvos University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Bertrand Bénazéraf
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden 67400, France
| | - Charles D Little
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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49
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Rochon ER, Menon PG, Roman BL. Alk1 controls arterial endothelial cell migration in lumenized vessels. Development 2016; 143:2593-602. [PMID: 27287800 DOI: 10.1242/dev.135392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Heterozygous loss of the arterial-specific TGFβ type I receptor, activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1; ACVRL1), causes hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). HHT is characterized by development of fragile, direct connections between arteries and veins, or arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). However, how decreased ALK1 signaling leads to AVMs is unknown. To understand the cellular mis-steps that cause AVMs, we assessed endothelial cell behavior in alk1-deficient zebrafish embryos, which develop cranial AVMs. Our data demonstrate that alk1 loss has no effect on arterial endothelial cell proliferation but alters arterial endothelial cell migration within lumenized vessels. In wild-type embryos, alk1-positive cranial arterial endothelial cells generally migrate towards the heart, against the direction of blood flow, with some cells incorporating into endocardium. In alk1-deficient embryos, migration against flow is dampened and migration in the direction of flow is enhanced. Altered migration results in decreased endothelial cell number in arterial segments proximal to the heart and increased endothelial cell number in arterial segments distal to the heart. We speculate that the consequent increase in distal arterial caliber and hemodynamic load precipitates the flow-dependent development of downstream AVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Rochon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Prahlad G Menon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15110, USA
| | - Beth L Roman
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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50
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Miura T, Yokokawa R. Tissue culture on a chip: Developmental biology applications of self-organized capillary networks in microfluidic devices. Dev Growth Differ 2016; 58:505-15. [PMID: 27272910 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Organ culture systems are used to elucidate the mechanisms of pattern formation in developmental biology. Various organ culture techniques have been used, but the lack of microcirculation in such cultures impedes the long-term maintenance of larger tissues. Recent advances in microfluidic devices now enable us to utilize self-organized perfusable capillary networks in organ cultures. In this review, we will overview past approaches to organ culture and current technical advances in microfluidic devices, and discuss possible applications of microfluidics towards the study of developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Miura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-0054, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
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