1
|
Jiang Y, Liao L, Li J, Wang L, Xie Z. Older Age Is Associated with Decreased Levels of VDR, CYP27B1, and CYP24A1 and Increased Levels of PTH in Human Parathyroid Glands. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:7257913. [PMID: 32351560 PMCID: PMC7171617 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7257913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid glands contain the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) and 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1), which catalyze the production and degradation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], respectively. Previous studies have shown that the serum level of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) increases with age. We hypothesized that the expression of CYP27B1 or VDR in parathyroid glands decreases with age, which might account for the increased serum levels of iPTH due to decreased suppression of parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion by 1,25(OH)2D in older people. To test this hypothesis, we examined relative expression levels of VDR, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, and PTH in specimens from parathyroid glands unintentionally removed during thyroidectomy for 70 patients varying in age from 10 to 70 years. The results showed that there was an inverse correlation between age and VDR, CYP27B1, and CYP24A1 expression (p < 0.05). A significant positive correlation between PTH expression levels and age was also observed (p < 0.05). These data indicate that older age is associated with decreased levels of VDR, CYP27B1, and CYP24A1 and increased levels of PTH in human parathyroid glands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liyan Liao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jina Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Larry Wang
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Zhongjian Xie
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
VDR regulates energy metabolism by modulating remodeling in adipose tissue. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 865:172761. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
3
|
Anisiewicz A, Filip-Psurska B, Pawlik A, Nasulewicz-Goldeman A, Piasecki T, Kowalski K, Maciejewska M, Jarosz J, Banach J, Papiernik D, Mazur A, Kutner A, Maier JA, Wietrzyk J. Calcitriol Analogues Decrease Lung Metastasis but Impair Bone Metabolism in Aged Ovariectomized Mice Bearing 4T1 Mammary Gland Tumours. Aging Dis 2019; 10:977-991. [PMID: 31595196 PMCID: PMC6764735 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitriol and its analogues are considered drugs supporting the anticancer treatment of breast cancer and preventing the osteoporosis that results from the development of cancer or from chemotherapy or hormone therapy. Following the orthotopic implantation of 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells into aged ovariectomized (OVX) mice, we evaluated the effects of calcitriol and its two analogues, PRI-2191 and PRI-2205, on metastatic spread and bone homeostasis. Calcitriol and its analogues temporarily inhibited the formation of metastases in the lungs. Unexpectedly, only mice treated with calcitriol analogues showed a deterioration of bone-related parameters, such as bone column density, marrow column density and the CaPO4 coefficient. These findings correlated with an increased number of active osteoclasts differentiated from bone marrow-derived macrophages in mice treated with the analogues. Interestingly, in the tumours from mice treated with PRI-2191 and PRI-2205, the expression of Tnfsf11 (RANKL) was increased. On the other hand, osteopontin (OPN) levels in plasma and tumour tissue, as well as TRAC5b levels in tumours, were diminished by calcitriol and its analogues. Despite a similar action of both analogues towards bone metabolism, their impact on vitamin D metabolism differed. In particular, PRI-2191 and calcitriol, not PRI-2205 treatment significantly diminished the levels of both 25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3. In conclusion, though there is evident antimetastatic activity in old OVX mice, signs of increased bone metabolism and deterioration of bone mineralization during therapy with calcitriol analogues were observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Anisiewicz
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Filip-Psurska
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agata Pawlik
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Nasulewicz-Goldeman
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Piasecki
- 2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Maciejewska
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Jarosz
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Banach
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Diana Papiernik
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mazur
- 4Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Andrzej Kutner
- 5Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jeanette A Maier
- 6Università di Milano, Dept. Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lope V, Toribio MJ, Pérez-Gómez B, Castelló A, Mena-Bravo A, Sierra MÁ, Lucas P, Herrán-Vidaurrázaga MDC, González-Vizcayno C, Pino MN, Cruz-Campos I, Roca-Navarro MJ, Aragonés N, Romieu I, Martínez-Cortés M, Luque de Castro MD, Pollán M. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and mammographic density in premenopausal Spanish women. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 189:101-107. [PMID: 30836177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The role of vitamin D in mammographic density is still unclear. This study examines the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and mammographic density, overall and by specific women characteristics. DDM-Madrid is a cross-sectional study that recruited 1403 premenopausal women in a breast radiodiagnosis unit of Madrid City Council. Information was collected with a questionnaire and plasma 25(OH)D was measured by solid-phase extraction on-line coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Percent mammographic density was assessed using a semi-automated computer tool (DM-Scan). Multivariable linear regression models were used to quantify the associations, categorizing 25(OH)D levels (nmol/L) into 3 groups according to the cut-offs established by the US Endocrine Society. Models were adjusted for age, education, body mass index, age at menarche, parity, previous breast biopsies, family history of breast cancer, physical activity, energy intake, use of corticoids, hypercholesterolemia and day of sample extraction. Mean serum 25(OH)D level was 49.4 + 18.9 nmol/L. Women with sufficient concentrations of 25(OH)D showed a slight decrease in mammographic density (β >75nmol/L=-3.40; p = 0.037). No differences were observed according to women characteristics except for parity, where the protective effect of 25(OH)D was only seen among nulliparous (β >75nmol/L=-13.00; p-heterogeneity = 0.006). In light of the protective effect of vitamin D on mammographic density and the high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in our population, improving these levels could be an effective measure for the prevention of health problems related to the lack of this essential vitamin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Lope
- National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María José Toribio
- Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Gestión de Calidad, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adela Castelló
- National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Mena-Bravo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Sierra
- National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Lucas
- National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Marina Nieves Pino
- Servicio de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Madrid Salud, Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Nuria Aragonés
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology Section, Public Health Division, Department of Health of Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mercedes Martínez-Cortés
- Servicio de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Madrid Salud, Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María D Luque de Castro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Marina Pollán
- National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Welsh J. Function of the vitamin D endocrine system in mammary gland and breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 453:88-95. [PMID: 28579119 PMCID: PMC5538720 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor for 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25D), the active form of vitamin D, has anti-tumor actions in many tissues. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in normal mammary gland and in many human breast cancers suggesting it may represent an important tumor suppressor gene in this tissue. When activated by 1,25D, VDR modulates multiple cellular pathways including those related to energy metabolism, terminal differentiation and inflammation. There is compelling pre-clinical evidence that alterations in vitamin D status affect breast cancer development and progression, while clinical and epidemiological data are suggestive but not entirely consistent. The demonstration that breast cells express CYP27B1 (which converts the precursor vitamin D metabolite 25D to the active metabolite 1,25D) and CYP24A1 (which degrades both 25D and 1,25D) provides insight into the difficulties inherent in using dietary vitamin D, sun exposure and/or serum biomarkers of vitamin D status to predict disease outcomes. Emerging evidence suggests that the normally tight balance between CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 becomes deregulated during cancer development, leading to abrogation of the tumor suppressive effects triggered by VDR. Research aimed at understanding the mechanisms that govern uptake, storage, metabolism and actions of vitamin D steroids in normal and neoplastic breast tissue remain an urgent priority.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JoEllen Welsh
- University at Albany Cancer Research Center, 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alothman SJ, Wang W, Goerlitz DS, Islam M, Zhong X, Kishore A, Azhar RI, Kallakury BV, Furth PA. Responsiveness of Brca1 and Trp53 Deficiency-Induced Mammary Preneoplasia to Selective Estrogen Modulators versus an Aromatase Inhibitor in Mus musculus. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2017; 10:244-254. [PMID: 28283467 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An intervention study initiated at age 4 months compared the impact of tamoxifen (25 mg), raloxifene (22.5 mg), and letrozole (2.5 mg) administered by 60-day release subcutaneous pellet on mammary preneoplasia prevalence at age 6 months in conditional genetically engineered mouse models with different Breast cancer 1 (Brca1) gene dosages targeted to mammary epithelial cells and germline Tumor protein P53 (Trp53) haploinsufficiency (10-16/cohort). The proportion of unexposed control mice demonstrating mammary preneoplasia at age 6 months was highest in Brca1fl11/fl11/Cre/p53-/+ (54%) mice followed by Brca1WT/fl11/Cre/p53-/+ mice (30%). By age 12 months, invasive mammary cancers appeared in 80% of Brca1fl11/fl11/Cre/p53-/+ and 42% of Brca1WT/fl11/Cre/p53-/+ control unexposed mice. The spectrum of cancer histology was similar in both models without somatic mutation of the nongenetically engineered Brca1, Trp53, Brca2, or Death-associated protein kinase 3 (Dapk3) alleles. Two-month exposure to tamoxifen, raloxifene, and letrozole significantly reduced estrogen-mediated tertiary branching by 65%, 71%, and 78%, respectively, in Brca1fl11/fl11/Cre/p53-/+ mice at age 6 months. However, only letrozole significantly reduced hyperplastic alveolar nodules (HAN) prevalence (by 52%) and number (by 30%) and invasive cancer appeared despite tamoxifen exposure. In contrast, tamoxifen significantly reduced HAN number by 95% in Brca1WT/fl11/Cre/p53-/+ mice. Control mice with varying combinations of the different genetically modified alleles and MMTV-Cre transgene demonstrated that the combination of Brca1 insufficiency and Trp53 haploinsufficiency was required for appearance of preneoplasia and no individual genetic alteration confounded the response to tamoxifen. In summary, although specific antihormonal approaches showed effectiveness, with Brca1 gene dosage implicated as a possible modifying variable, more effective chemopreventive approaches for Brca1 mutation-induced cancer may require alternative and/or additional agents. Cancer Prev Res; 10(4); 244-54. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar J Alothman
- Graduate School of Arts and Science, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.,Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Weisheng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - David S Goerlitz
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Md Islam
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Xiaogang Zhong
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics & Biomathematics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Archana Kishore
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Redha I Azhar
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Bhaskar V Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.,Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Priscilla A Furth
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. .,Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.,Department of Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Matthews DG, D'Angelo J, Drelich J, Welsh J. Adipose-specific Vdr deletion alters body fat and enhances mammary epithelial density. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 164:299-308. [PMID: 26429395 PMCID: PMC4814372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D status has been associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome and several cancers including colon and breast. Since adipocytes express VDR and obesity is a known risk factor for cancer, vitamin D actions in adipose tissue may contribute to its cancer protective effects. In the mammary gland, signaling from adipocytes to epithelial cells is necessary for breast cancer initiation, but the impact of vitamin D on this cross-talk is unclear. To examine the role of VDR in adipose tissue, particularly in the context of the mammary gland, we crossed Vdr-flox mice with Fabp4-cre mice to generate mice with adipose-specific Vdr deletion (termed CVF mice). CVF mice and Fabp4-cre control mice (termed CN1 mice) were reared on high calcium "rescue" diets (for comparison to global VDRKO mice) or on high fat diets (to stimulate adiposity). Vdr expression was significantly reduced in adipose tissue of CVF mice compared to CN1 mice. In contrast to global VDRKO mice (which exhibit adipose atrophy), female CVF mice exhibited higher growth rates and increased visceral fat pad weight compared to control mice. Expression of Ucp1 and Pparg were elevated in white adipose tissue of CVF mice supporting these genes as Vdr targets in mature adipocytes. Adipose-specific Vdr deletion did not impair glucose tolerance or alter the weight of brown adipose tissue, liver, pancreas or bone in response to high fat feeding. In contrast to the effect of adipose-specific Vdr deletion on visceral fat pads, the weight of the subcutaneous (mammary) fat pad was not increased in high fat fed CVF female mice compared to control mice. Quantitative analysis of mammary ductal development on whole mounts and H&E stained sections indicated that adipose-deletion of Vdr significantly enhanced mammary epithelial density and branching. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that Vdr in mature adipocytes alters the metabolic response to high fat diets and exerts anti-proliferative effects on the mammary epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald G Matthews
- University at Albany Cancer Research Center, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States
| | - Joseph D'Angelo
- University at Albany Cancer Research Center, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States
| | - Jordan Drelich
- University at Albany Cancer Research Center, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States
| | - JoEllen Welsh
- University at Albany Cancer Research Center, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kızılkan MP, Akgül S, Akbıyık F, Derman O, Kanbur N. Evaluation of Serum Vitamin D Levels in Adolescents with Pubertal Gynecomastia. Breast Care (Basel) 2016; 11:333-337. [PMID: 27920626 PMCID: PMC5122993 DOI: 10.1159/000451074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since vitamin D has an inhibitory function on ductal morphogenesis of the pubertal mammary gland, it may have a role in the development of gynecomastia. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin D deficiency on the development of pubertal gynecomastia. METHODS Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) levels in 50 adolescents with pubertal gynecomastia and 54 healthy controls between the ages of 11 and 17 years were compared. RESULTS Mean 25D level was 14.03 ± 6.38 (5.0-32.5) ng/ml in the pubertal gynecomastia group and 15.19 ± 6.49 (5.0-33.2) ng/ml in the control group (p = 0.361). According to the vitamin D status classification of the American Academy of Pediatrics, 66% of the pubertal gynecomastia group was found to be deficient and 14% were insufficient. In the control group these values were 53.7% and 29.6%, respectively (p = 0.158). CONCLUSION From our results we hypothesize that, rather than low serum levels of 25D, a dysregulation of the vitamin D signal pathway, vitamin D metabolism or vitamin D storage within the mammary tissue might be the contributing factors to the development of gynecomastia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melis Pehlivantürk Kızılkan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Hacettepe University Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinem Akgül
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Hacettepe University Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Akbıyık
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Hacettepe University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Orhan Derman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Hacettepe University Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuray Kanbur
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Hacettepe University Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Eliassen AH, Warner ET, Rosner B, Collins LC, Beck AH, Quintana LM, Tamimi RM, Hankinson SE. Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Risk of Breast Cancer in Women Followed over 20 Years. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5423-30. [PMID: 27530324 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Experimental evidence supports a protective role of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in breast carcinogenesis, but epidemiologic evidence is inconsistent. Whether plasma 25(OH)D interacts with breast tumor expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and retinoid X receptor-α (RXR) has not been investigated. We conducted a nested case-control study in the Nurses' Health Study, with 1,506 invasive breast cancer cases diagnosed after blood donation in 1989-1990, 417 of whom donated a second sample in 2000-2002. VDR and RXR expression were assessed by immunohistochemical staining of tumor microarrays (n = 669 cases). Multivariate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using conditional logistic regression. Plasma 25(OH)D levels were not associated with breast cancer risk overall [top (≥32.7 ng/mL) vs. bottom (<17.2 ng/mL) quintile RR = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.67-1.13; P trend = 0.21]. 25(OH)D measured in summer (May-October) was significantly inversely associated with risk (top vs. bottom quintile RR = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.46-0.94; P trend = 0.01); winter levels (November-April) were not (RR = 1.10; 95% CI, 0.75-1.60; P trend = 0.64; P interaction = 0.03). 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with risk of tumors with high expression of stromal nuclear VDR [≥30 ng/mL vs. <30 ng/mL RR (95% CI): VDR ≥ median = 0.67 (0.48-0.93); VDR < median = 0.98 (0.72-1.35), P heterogeneity = 0.12] and significantly stronger for summer measures (P heterogeneity = 0.01). Associations were not significantly different by RXR expression. No overall association was observed between plasma 25(OH)D and breast cancer risk. However, our results suggest women with high, compared with low, plasma 25(OH)D levels in the summer have a reduced breast cancer risk, and plasma 25(OH)D may be inversely associated with risk of tumors expressing high levels of VDR. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5423-30. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Erica T Warner
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura C Collins
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew H Beck
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Liza M Quintana
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Brisken C, Ataca D. Endocrine hormones and local signals during the development of the mouse mammary gland. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 4:181-95. [PMID: 25645332 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Most of mammary gland development occurs postnatally under the control of female reproductive hormones, which in turn interact with other endocrine factors. While hormones impinge on many tissues and trigger very complex biological responses, tissue recombination experiments with hormone receptor-deficient mammary epithelia revealed eminent roles for estrogens, progesterone, and prolactin receptor (PrlR) signaling that are intrinsic to the mammary epithelium. A subset of the luminal mammary epithelial cells expresses the estrogen receptor α (ERα), the progesterone receptor (PR), and the PrlR and act as sensor cells. These cells convert the detected systemic signals into local signals that are developmental stage-dependent and may be direct, juxtacrine, or paracrine. This setup ensures that the original input is amplified and that the biological responses of multiple cell types can be coordinated. Some key mediators of hormone action have been identified such as Wnt, EGFR, IGFR, and RANK signaling. Multiple signaling pathways such as FGF, Hedgehog, and Notch signaling participate in driving different aspects of mammary gland development locally but how they link to the hormonal control remains to be elucidated. An increasing number of endocrine factors are appearing to have a role in mammary gland development, the adipose tissue is increasingly recognized to play a role in endocrine regulation, and a complex role of the immune system with multiple different cell types is being revealed. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cathrin Brisken
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mutt SJ, Hyppönen E, Saarnio J, Järvelin MR, Herzig KH. Vitamin D and adipose tissue-more than storage. Front Physiol 2014; 5:228. [PMID: 25009502 PMCID: PMC4067728 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic increase in obesity is inversely associated with vitamin D levels. While a higher BMI was causally related to lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), no evidence was obtained for a BMI lowering effect by higher 25(OH)D. Some of the physiological functions of 1,25(OH)2D3 (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol or calcitriol) via its receptor within the adipose tissue have been investigated such as its effect on energy balance, adipogenesis, adipokine, and cytokine secretion. Adipose tissue inflammation has been recognized as the key component of metabolic disorders, e.g., in the metabolic syndrome. The adipose organ secretes more than 260 different proteins/peptides. However, the molecular basis of the interactions of 1,25(OH)2D3, vitamin D binding proteins (VDBPs) and nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) after sequestration in adipose tissue and their regulations are still unclear. 1,25(OH)2D3 and its inactive metabolites are known to inhibit the formation of adipocytes in mouse 3T3-L1 cell line. In humans, 1,25(OH)2D3 promotes preadipocyte differentiation under cell culture conditions. Further evidence of its important functions is given by VDR knock out (VDR−/−) and CYP27B1 knock out (CYP27B1 −/−) mouse models: Both VDR−/− and CYP27B1−/− models are highly resistant to the diet induced weight gain, while the specific overexpression of human VDR in adipose tissue leads to increased adipose tissue mass. The analysis of microarray datasets from human adipocytes treated with macrophage-secreted products up-regulated VDR and CYP27B1 genes indicating the capacity of adipocytes to even produce active 1,25(OH)2D3. Experimental studies demonstrate that 1,25(OH)2D3 has an active role in adipose tissue by modulating inflammation, adipogenesis and adipocyte secretion. Yet, further in vivo studies are needed to address the effects and the effective dosages of vitamin D in human adipose tissue and its relevance in the associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivaprakash J Mutt
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu Oulu, Finland ; Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu Oulu, Finland
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- School of Population Health and Sansom Institute, University of South Australia Adelaide, SA, Australia ; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Adelaide, SA, Australia ; Population, Policy and Practice, Institute of Child Health, University College London London, UK
| | - Juha Saarnio
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu Oulu, Finland ; Unit of Primary Care, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital Oulu, Finland ; Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare Oulu, Finland ; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and MRC-PHE Center for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London London, UK
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu Oulu, Finland ; Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu Oulu, Finland ; Medical Research Center Oulu and Oulu University Hospital Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Narvaez CJ, Matthews D, LaPorta E, Simmons KM, Beaudin S, Welsh J. The impact of vitamin D in breast cancer: genomics, pathways, metabolism. Front Physiol 2014; 5:213. [PMID: 24982636 PMCID: PMC4055997 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors exert profound effects on mammary gland physiology and have complex roles in the etiology of breast cancer. In addition to receptors for classic steroid hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) interacts with its ligand 1α,25(OH)2D3 to modulate the normal mammary epithelial cell genome and subsequent phenotype. Observational studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency is common in breast cancer patients and that low vitamin D status enhances the risk for disease development or progression. Genomic profiling has characterized many 1α,25(OH)2D3 responsive targets in normal mammary cells and in breast cancers, providing insight into the molecular actions of 1α,25(OH)2D3 and the VDR in regulation of cell cycle, apoptosis, and differentiation. New areas of emphasis include regulation of tumor metabolism and innate immune responses. However, the role of VDR in individual cell types (i.e., epithelial, adipose, fibroblast, endothelial, immune) of normal and tumor tissues remains to be clarified. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which VDR integrates signaling between diverse cell types and controls soluble signals and paracrine pathways in the tissue/tumor microenvironment remain to be defined. Model systems of carcinogenesis have provided evidence that both VDR expression and 1α,25(OH)2D3 actions change with transformation but clinical data regarding vitamin D responsiveness of established tumors is limited and inconclusive. Because breast cancer is heterogeneous, analysis of VDR actions in specific molecular subtypes of the disease may help to clarify the conflicting data. The expanded use of genomic, proteomic and metabolomic approaches on a diverse array of in vitro and in vivo model systems is clearly warranted to comprehensively understand the network of vitamin D regulated pathways in the context of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen J Narvaez
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Donald Matthews
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany Rensselaer, NY, USA ; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Erika LaPorta
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany Rensselaer, NY, USA ; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Katrina M Simmons
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany Rensselaer, NY, USA ; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Beaudin
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany Rensselaer, NY, USA ; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - JoEllen Welsh
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany Rensselaer, NY, USA ; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany Rensselaer, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bouillon R, Carmeliet G, Lieben L, Watanabe M, Perino A, Auwerx J, Schoonjans K, Verstuyf A. Vitamin D and energy homeostasis: of mice and men. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2014; 10:79-87. [PMID: 24247221 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2013.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The vitamin D endocrine system has many extraskeletal targets, including adipose tissue. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃, the active form of vitamin D, not only increases adipogenesis and the expression of typical adipocyte genes but also decreases the expression of uncoupling proteins. Mice with disrupted vitamin D action--owing to gene deletion of the nuclear receptor vitamin D receptor (Vdr) or the gene encoding 1α-hydroxylase (Cyp27b1)--lose fat mass over time owing to an increase in energy expenditure, whereas mice with increased Vdr-mediated signalling in adipose tissue become obese. The resistance to diet-induced obesity in mice with disrupted Vdr signalling is caused at least partially by increased expression of uncoupling proteins in white adipose tissue. However, the bile acid pool is also increased in these animals, and bile acids are known to be potent inducers of energy expenditure through activation of several nuclear receptors, including Vdr, and G-protein-coupled receptors, such as GPBAR1 (also known as TGR5). By contrast, in humans, obesity is strongly associated with poor vitamin D status. A causal link has not been firmly proven, but most intervention studies have failed to demonstrate a beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation on body weight. The reasons for the major discrepancy between mouse and human data are unclear, but understanding the link between vitamin D status and energy homeostasis could potentially be very important for the human epidemic of obesity and the metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Bouillon
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, O&NI Herestraat 49 - bus 902, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, O&NI Herestraat 49 - bus 902, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Lieben
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, O&NI Herestraat 49 - bus 902, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mitsuhiro Watanabe
- Health Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, 5322 Endo Fujisawa-shi, 252-0882 Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Alessia Perino
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 15, AI 1149, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 15, AI 1149, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 15, AI 1149, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Annemieke Verstuyf
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, O&NI Herestraat 49 - bus 902, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Narvaez CJ, Simmons KM, Brunton J, Salinero A, Chittur SV, Welsh JE. Induction of STEAP4 correlates with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulation of adipogenesis in mesenchymal progenitor cells derived from human adipose tissue. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:2024-36. [PMID: 23553608 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in human adipocytes and is transiently induced during early adipogenesis in mesenchymal progenitor cell models. VDR null mice exhibit enhanced energy expenditure and reduced adiposity even when fed high fat diets. Adipocyte-specific transgenic-expression of human VDR in mice enhances adipose tissue mass, indicating that VDR activation in adipocytes enhances lipid storage in vivo. In these studies, we conducted genomic profiling and differentiation assays in primary cultures of human adipose-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells to define the role of the VDR and its ligand 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) in adipogenesis. In the presence of adipogenic media, 1,25D promoted lipid accumulation and enhanced the expression of FABP4, FASN, and PPARγ. Mesenchymal cells derived from 6-month old VDR null mice exhibited impaired adipogenesis ex vivo but differentiation was restored by stable expression of human VDR. STEAP4, a gene that encodes a metalloreductase linked to obesity, insulin sensitivity, metabolic homeostasis and inflammation, was highly induced in human adipose cells differentiated in the presence of 1,25D but was minimally affected by 1,25D in undifferentiated precursors. These studies provide a molecular basis for recent epidemiological associations between vitamin D status, body weight and insulin resistance which may have relevance for prevention or treatment of metabolic syndrome and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Narvaez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12144, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Welsh J. Cellular and molecular effects of vitamin D on carcinogenesis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 523:107-14. [PMID: 22085499 PMCID: PMC3295909 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic data suggest that the incidence and severity of many types of cancer inversely correlates with indices of vitamin D status. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is highly expressed in epithelial cells at risk for carcinogenesis including those resident in skin, breast, prostate and colon, providing a direct molecular link by which vitamin D status impacts on carcinogenesis. Consistent with this concept, activation of VDR by its ligand 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) triggers comprehensive genomic changes in epithelial cells that contribute to maintenance of the differentiated phenotype, resistance to cellular stresses and protection of the genome. Many epithelial cells also express the vitamin D metabolizing enzyme CYP27B1 which enables autocrine generation of 1,25D from the circulating vitamin D metabolite 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D), critically linking overall vitamin D status with cellular anti-tumor actions. Furthermore, pre-clinical studies in animal models has demonstrated that dietary supplementation with vitamin D or chronic treatment with VDR agonists decreases tumor development in skin, colon, prostate and breast. Conversely, deletion of the VDR gene in mice alters the balance between proliferation and apoptosis, increases oxidative DNA damage, and enhances susceptibility to carcinogenesis in these tissues. Because VDR expression is retained in many human tumors, vitamin D status may be an important modulator of cancer progression in persons living with cancer. Collectively, these observations have reinforced the need to further define the molecular actions of the VDR and the human requirement for vitamin D in relation to cancer development and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JoEllen Welsh
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
| |
Collapse
|