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Mellergaard M, Skovbakke SL, Jepsen SD, Panagiotopoulou N, Hansen ABR, Tian W, Lund A, Høgh RI, Møller SH, Guérillot R, Hayes AS, Erikstrup LT, Andresen L, Peleg AY, Larsen AR, Stinear TP, Handberg A, Erikstrup C, Howden BP, Goletz S, Frees D, Skov S. Clinical Staphylococcus aureus inhibits human T-cell activity through interaction with the PD-1 receptor. mBio 2023; 14:e0134923. [PMID: 37796131 PMCID: PMC10653905 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01349-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Therapies that target and aid the host immune defense to repel cancer cells or invading pathogens are rapidly emerging. Antibiotic resistance is among the largest threats to human health globally. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most common bacterial infection, and it poses a challenge to the healthcare system due to its significant ability to develop resistance toward current available therapies. In long-term infections, S. aureus further adapt to avoid clearance by the host immune defense. In this study, we discover a new interaction that allows S. aureus to avoid elimination by the immune system, which likely supports its persistence in the host. Moreover, we find that blocking the specific receptor (PD-1) using antibodies significantly relieves the S. aureus-imposed inhibition. Our findings suggest that therapeutically targeting PD-1 is a possible future strategy for treating certain antibiotic-resistant staphylococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiken Mellergaard
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Laboratory of immunology, Section for Preclinical Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah Line Skovbakke
- Biotherapeutic Glycoengineering and Immunology, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stine Dam Jepsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Laboratory of immunology, Section for Preclinical Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nafsika Panagiotopoulou
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Laboratory of immunology, Section for Preclinical Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amalie Bøge Rud Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Laboratory of immunology, Section for Preclinical Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Weihua Tian
- Biotherapeutic Glycoengineering and Immunology, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Astrid Lund
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Laboratory of immunology, Section for Preclinical Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Illum Høgh
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Laboratory of immunology, Section for Preclinical Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofie Hedlund Møller
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Laboratory of immunology, Section for Preclinical Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Romain Guérillot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashleigh S. Hayes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Lars Andresen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Laboratory of immunology, Section for Preclinical Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anton Y. Peleg
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre to Impact Antimicrobial Resistance, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anders Rhod Larsen
- Statens Serum Institute, Microbiology and Infection Control, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Timothy P. Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, North Denmark Region, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Benjamin P. Howden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steffen Goletz
- Biotherapeutic Glycoengineering and Immunology, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dorte Frees
- Food Safety and Zoonosis, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Skov
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Laboratory of immunology, Section for Preclinical Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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How the Potassium Channel Response of T Lymphocytes to the Tumor Microenvironment Shapes Antitumor Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153564. [PMID: 35892822 PMCID: PMC9330401 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Competent antitumor immune cells are fundamental for tumor surveillance and combating active cancers. Once established, tumors generate a tumor microenvironment (TME) consisting of complex cellular and metabolic elements that serve to suppress the function of antitumor immune cells. T lymphocytes are key cellular elements of the TME. In this review, we explore the role of ion channels, particularly K+ channels, in mediating the suppressive effects of the TME on T cells. First, we will review the complex network of ion channels that mediate Ca2+ influx and control effector functions in T cells. Then, we will discuss how multiple features of the TME influence the antitumor capabilities of T cells via ion channels. We will focus on hypoxia, adenosine, and ionic imbalances in the TME, as well as overexpression of programmed cell death ligand 1 by cancer cells that either suppress K+ channels in T cells and/or benefit from regulating these channels’ activity, ultimately shaping the immune response. Finally, we will review some of the cancer treatment implications related to ion channels. A better understanding of the effects of the TME on ion channels in T lymphocytes could promote the development of more effective immunotherapies, especially for resistant solid malignancies.
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Vermare A, Guérin MV, Peranzoni E, Bercovici N. Dynamic CD8+ T Cell Cooperation with Macrophages and Monocytes for Successful Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143546. [PMID: 35884605 PMCID: PMC9318008 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Innate and adaptive immunity mutually regulate one another in a dynamic fashion during immune responses. In infectious contexts, positive interactions between macrophages, monocytes and T cells are well recognized, but this is not the case in the field of cancer, where the growth of tumors disturbs the immune response. However, recent advances revealed that successful immunotherapy profoundly remodels the tumor microenvironment, promoting the activation of both T cells and myeloid cells. This review highlights the studies that hint at positive CD8+ T cell cooperation with monocytes and macrophages in this context, and discusses the potential mechanisms behind this. Abstract The essential roles endorsed by macrophages and monocytes are well established in response to infections, where they contribute to launching the differentiation of specific T-lymphocytes for long-term protection. This knowledge is the result of dynamic studies that can inspire the cancer field, particularly now that cancer immunotherapies elicit some tumor regression. Indeed, immune responses to cancer have mainly been studied after tumors have escaped immune attacks. In particular, the suppressive functions of macrophages were revealed in this context, introducing an obvious bias across the literature. In this review, we will focus on the ways inwhich monocytes and macrophages cooperate with T-lymphocytes, leading to successful immune responses. We will bring together the preclinical studies that have revealed the existence of such positive cooperation in the cancer field, and we will place particular emphasis on proposing the underlying mechanisms. Finally, we will give some perspectives to decipher the functional roles of such T-cell and myeloid cell interactions in the frame of human cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Vermare
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France;
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Nadège Bercovici
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France;
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry Is Up-Regulated in Tumour-Infiltrating Lymphocytes from Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143312. [PMID: 35884372 PMCID: PMC9315763 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) has long been known to regulate the differentiation and effector functions of T cells as well as to be instrumental to the ability of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to target cancer cells. Currently, no information is available regarding the expression and function of SOCE in tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) that have been expanded in vitro for adoptive cell therapy (ACT). This study provides the first evidence that SOCE is up-regulated in ex vivo-expanded TILs from metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. The up-regulation of SOCE mainly depends on diacylglycerol kinase (DGK), which prevents the protein kinase C-dependent inhibition of Ca2+ entry in normal T cells. Of note, the pharmacological blockade of SOCE with the selective inhibitor, BTP-2, during target cell killing significantly increases cytotoxic activity at low TIL density, i.e., when TILs-mediated cancer cell death is rarer. This study, albeit preliminary, could lay the foundation to propose an alternative strategy to effect ACT. It has been shown that ex vivo-expanded TILs did not improve the disease-free survival rate in mCRC patients. Our results strongly suggest that pre-treating autologous TILs with a SOCE or DGK inhibitor before being infused into the patient could improve their cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. Abstract (1) Background: Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) drives the cytotoxic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) against cancer cells. However, SOCE can be enhanced in cancer cells due to an increase in the expression and/or function of its underlying molecular components, i.e., STIM1 and Orai1. Herein, we evaluated the SOCE expression and function in tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. (2) Methods: Functional studies were conducted in TILs expanded ex vivo from CRC liver metastases. Peripheral blood T cells from healthy donors (hPBTs) and mCRC patients (cPBTs) were used as controls. (3) Results: SOCE amplitude is enhanced in TILs compared to hPBTs and cPBTs, but the STIM1 protein is only up-regulated in TILs. Pharmacological manipulation showed that the increase in SOCE mainly depends on tonic modulation by diacylglycerol kinase, which prevents the protein kinase C-dependent inhibition of SOCE activity. The larger SOCE caused a stronger Ca2+ response to T-cell receptor stimulation by autologous mCRC cells. Reducing Ca2+ influx with BTP-2 during target cell killing significantly increases cytotoxic activity at low target:effector ratios. (4) Conclusions: SOCE is enhanced in ex vivo-expanded TILs deriving from mCRC patients but decreasing Ca2+ influx with BTP-2 increases cytotoxic activity at a low TIL density.
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Hunt EG, Andrews AM, Larsen SR, Thaxton JE. The ER-Mitochondria Interface as a Dynamic Hub for T Cell Efficacy in Solid Tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:867341. [PMID: 35573704 PMCID: PMC9091306 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.867341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large continuous membranous organelle that plays a central role as the hub of protein and lipid synthesis while the mitochondria is the principal location for energy production. T cells are an immune subset exhibiting robust dependence on ER and mitochondrial function based on the need for protein synthesis and secretion and metabolic dexterity associated with foreign antigen recognition and cytotoxic effector response. Intimate connections exist at mitochondrial-ER contact sites (MERCs) that serve as the structural and biochemical platforms for cellular metabolic homeostasis through regulation of fission and fusion as well as glucose, Ca2+, and lipid exchange. Work in the tumor immunotherapy field indicates that the complex interplay of nutrient deprivation and tumor antigen stimulation in the tumor microenvironment places stress on the ER and mitochondria, causing dysfunction in organellar structure and loss of metabolic homeostasis. Here, we assess prior literature that establishes how the structural interface of these two organelles is impacted by the stress of solid tumors along with recent advances in the manipulation of organelle homeostasis at MERCs in T cells. These findings provide strong evidence for increased tumor immunity using unique therapeutic avenues that recharge cellular metabolic homeostasis in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G. Hunt
- Immunotherapy Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Alex M. Andrews
- Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC, United States,Department of Orthopedics and Physical Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | | | - Jessica E. Thaxton
- Immunotherapy Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States,*Correspondence: Jessica E. Thaxton,
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Zhu Q, Qiao G, Huang L, Xu C, Guo D, Wang S, Zhao J, Song Y, Liu B, Chen Z, Yang Z, Yuan Y. Restored CD8+PD-1+ T Cells Facilitate the Response to Anti-PD-1 for Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:837560. [PMID: 35480107 PMCID: PMC9035626 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.837560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to investigate the restoration of CD8+PD-1+ T cells through adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT) in relation to the prognosis and the therapeutic response to anti-PD-1 in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (APC). Methods A total of 177 adult patients who underwent tumor resection as initial treatment for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) from February 2013 to July 2019 at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University were enrolled in this study. Another cohort of 32 patients with APC was prospectively enrolled from Capital Medical University Cancer Center between June 1, 2013, and May 30, 2019. Results Of the 177 patients who received tumor resection, 67 tumor samples showed overexpression of PD-L1 and 110 patients with low expression of PD-L1. We found that overexpressed PD-L1 was a significant prognostic factor related to overall survival (OS). Furthermore, we tested the percentage of peripheral CD8+PD-1+ T cells in all patients and found that it was significantly correlated with the PD-L1 expression and the prognosis of patients with PDAC. The peripheral blood T lymphocyte subtypes were tracked for 30 months, and CD8+PD-1+ cells were shown to decrease. After that, we performed ACT for patients with APC in another cancer center. We found that the ratios of posttreatment of ACT/pre-ACT CD8+PD-1+ T cells were significantly related to the prognosis of patients with APC. Moreover, patients with combined treatment of ACT with anti-PD-1 had significantly favorable OS. Conclusions This study showed that the CD8+PD-1+ T-cell level was related to the expression of PD-L1. Restoring CD8+PD-1+ T cells in patients with APC by treatment of ACT significantly benefits the prognosis and facilitates the response to anti-PD-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoliang Qiao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Guoliang Qiao, ; Yufeng Yuan,
| | - Lefu Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Xu
- First Department of Biliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deliang Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuguang Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Huo Jianjun General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Guoliang Qiao, ; Yufeng Yuan,
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Livni L, Keating BA, Fiore NT, Lees JG, Goldstein D, Moalem-Taylor G. Effects of combined chemotherapy and anti-programmed cell death protein 1 treatment on peripheral neuropathy and neuroinflammation in mice. Pain 2022; 163:110-124. [PMID: 34224494 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A modern approach for cancer treatment is the use of immunotherapy, and particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), alone and in combination with chemotherapy. The PD-1 pathway plays a crucial role in inhibiting immune responses and recently has been shown to modulate neuronal activity. However, the impact of PD-1 blockade on the development of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is currently unknown. In this study, we show that C57BL/6 mice treated with the chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel or cotherapy (paclitaxel and anti-PD-1), but not with anti-PD-1 alone, exhibited increased mechanical sensitivity of the hind paw. Both chemotherapy and immunotherapy caused a reduction in neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) explants derived from treated mice, whereas only paclitaxel reduced the neurite outgrowth after direct in vitro treatment. Mice treated with anti-PD-1 or cotherapy exhibited distinct T-cell changes in the lymph nodes and increased T-cell infiltration into the DRG. Mice treated with paclitaxel or cotherapy had increased macrophage presence in the DRG, and all treated groups presented an altered expression of microglia markers in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. We conclude that combining anti-PD-1 immunotherapy with paclitaxel does not increase the severity of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. However, because anti-PD-1 treatment caused significant changes in DRG and spinal cord immunity, caution is warranted when considering immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy in patients with a high risk of developing neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lital Livni
- Department of Physiology, Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brooke A Keating
- Department of Physiology, Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nathan T Fiore
- Department of Physiology, Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin G Lees
- Department of Physiology, Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gila Moalem-Taylor
- Department of Physiology, Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Reschke R, Gussek P, Boldt A, Sack U, Köhl U, Lordick F, Gora T, Kreuz M, Reiche K, Simon JC, Ziemer M, Kunz M. Distinct Immune Signatures Indicative of Treatment Response and Immune-Related Adverse Events in Melanoma Patients under Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8017. [PMID: 34360781 PMCID: PMC8348898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify potential early biomarkers of treatment response and immune-related adverse events (irAE), a pilot immune monitoring study was performed in stage IV melanoma patients by flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Overall, 17 patients were treated with either nivolumab or pembrolizumab alone, or with a combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab every three weeks. Of 15 patients for which complete response assessment was available, treatment responders (n = 10) as compared to non-responders (n = 5) were characterized by enhanced PD-1 expression on CD8+ T cells immediately before treatment (median ± median absolute deviation/MAD 26.7 ± 10.4% vs. 17.2 ± 5.3%). Responders showed a higher T cell responsiveness after T cell receptor ex vivo stimulation as determined by measurement of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) expression on CD3+ T cells before the second cycle of treatment. The percentage of CD8+ effector memory (CD8+CD45RA-CD45RO+CCR7-) T cells was higher in responders compared to non-responders before and immediately after the first cycle of treatment (median ± MAD 39.2 ± 7.3% vs. 30.5 ± 4.1% and 37.7 ± 4.6 vs. 24.0 ± 6.4). Immune-related adverse events (irAE) were accompanied by a higher percentage of activated CD4+ (CD4+CD38+HLADR+) T cells before the second treatment cycle (median ± MAD 14.9 ± 3.9% vs. 5.3 ± 0.4%). In summary, PBMC immune monitoring of immune-checkpoint inhibition (ICI) treatment in melanoma appears to be a promising approach to identify early markers of treatment response and irAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Reschke
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (R.R.); (P.G.); (T.G.); (J.-C.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Philipp Gussek
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (R.R.); (P.G.); (T.G.); (J.-C.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Andreas Boldt
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.B.); (U.S.); (U.K.); (K.R.)
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.B.); (U.S.); (U.K.); (K.R.)
| | - Ulrike Köhl
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.B.); (U.S.); (U.K.); (K.R.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstrasse 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Florian Lordick
- Department of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pulmonology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), University Medical Center Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 22, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Gora
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (R.R.); (P.G.); (T.G.); (J.-C.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Markus Kreuz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstrasse 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Kristin Reiche
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.B.); (U.S.); (U.K.); (K.R.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstrasse 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Jan-Christoph Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (R.R.); (P.G.); (T.G.); (J.-C.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mirjana Ziemer
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (R.R.); (P.G.); (T.G.); (J.-C.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Manfred Kunz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (R.R.); (P.G.); (T.G.); (J.-C.S.); (M.Z.)
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9
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Ishibashi M, Yamamoto J, Ito T, Handa H, Sunakawa-Kii M, Inokuchi K, Morita R, Tamura H. Durvalumab Combined with Immunomodulatory Drugs (IMiD) Overcomes Suppression of Antitumor Responses due to IMiD-induced PD-L1 Upregulation on Myeloma Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1283-1294. [PMID: 33879556 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that the interaction of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on multiple myeloma (MM) cells with PD-1 not only inhibits tumor-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity via the PD-1 signaling pathway but also induces drug resistance via PD-L1-mediated reverse signals. We here examined the regulation of PD-L1 expression by immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and antimyeloma effects of the anti-PD-L1 antibody durvalumab in combination with IMiDs. IMiDs induced PD-L1 expression on IMiD-insensitive MM cells and plasma cells from patients newly diagnosed with MM. Gene-expression profiling analysis demonstrated that not only PD-L1, but also a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), was enhanced by IMiDs. PD-L1 induction by IMiDs was suppressed by using the APRIL inhibitor recombinant B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-Ig, the antibody against BCMA, or an MEK/ERK inhibitor in in vitro and in vivo assays. In addition, its induction was abrogated in cereblon (CRBN)-knockdown MM cells, whereas PD-L1 expression was increased and strongly induced by IMiDs in Ikaros-knockdown cells. These results demonstrated that PD-L1 upregulation by IMiDs on IMiD-insensitive MM cells was induced by (i) the BCMA-APRIL pathway via IMiD-mediated induction of APRIL and (ii) Ikaros degradation mediated by CRBN, which plays a role in inhibiting PD-L1 expression. Furthermore, T-cell inhibition induced by PD-L1-upregulated cells was effectively recovered after combination treatment with durvalumab and IMiDs. PD-L1 upregulation by IMiDs on MM cells might promote aggressive myeloma behaviors and immune escape in the bone marrow microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Ishibashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Yamamoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takumi Ito
- Department of Nanoparticle Translational Research, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Nanoparticle Translational Research, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Koiti Inokuchi
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rimpei Morita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideto Tamura
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan. .,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
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10
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Abstract
The first gene profiling study of cancer-specific CD8+ T-cells demonstrates that lymphocyte dysfunction in cancer tissue is due to multiple molecular alterations,1 similar as in “exhausted” T-cells in chronic infection.2 The data suggest novel drug targets, and show that T-cell exhaustion is reversible and limited to anatomical sites of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Speiser
- Ludwig Center and Radiation Oncology; University of Lausanne; Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Guerin MV, Regnier F, Thoreau M, Vimeux L, Benard M, Dransart E, Penny HL, Johannes L, Trautmann A, Bercovici N. Local IFNα enhances the anti-tumoral efficacy of systemic anti-PD1 to prevent tumor relapse. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-000996. [PMID: 33239415 PMCID: PMC7689071 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor relapse constitutes a major challenge for anti-tumoral treatments, including immunotherapies. Indeed, most cancer-related deaths occur during the tumor relapse phase. Methods We designed a mouse model of tumor relapse in which mice transplanted with E7+ TC1 tumor cells received a single therapeutic vaccination of STxB-E7+IFNα. Unlike the complete regression observed after two vaccinations, such a treatment induced a transient shrinkage of the tumor mass, followed by a rapid tumor outgrowth. To prevent this relapse, we tested the efficacy of a local administration of IFNα together with a systemic therapy with anti-PD1 Ab. The immune response was analyzed during both the tumor regression and relapse phases. Results We show that, during the regression phase, tumors of mice treated with a single vaccination of STxB-E7 + IFNα harbor fewer activated CD8 T cells and monocytes than tumors doomed to fully regress after two vaccinations. In contrast, the systemic injection of an anti-PD1 Ab combined with the peri-tumoral injection of IFNα in this time frame promotes infiltration of activated CD8 T cells and myeloid cells, which, together, exert a high cytotoxicity in vitro against TC1 cells. Moreover, the IFNα and anti-PD1 Ab combination was found to be more efficient than IFNα or anti-PD1 used alone in preventing tumor relapse and was better able to prolong mice survival. Conclusions Together, these results indicate that the local increase of IFNα in combination with an anti-PD1 therapy is an effective way to promote efficient and durable innate and adaptive immune responses preventing tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion V Guerin
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Regnier
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Thoreau
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Lene Vimeux
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Benard
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Estelle Dransart
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Cellular and Chemical Biology unit, UMR3666 CNRS, U1143 INSERM, 75248, CEDEX 05, Paris, France
| | | | - Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Cellular and Chemical Biology unit, UMR3666 CNRS, U1143 INSERM, 75248, CEDEX 05, Paris, France
| | - Alain Trautmann
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Nadege Bercovici
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, Paris, France
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12
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Fernandes RA, Su L, Nishiga Y, Ren J, Bhuiyan AM, Cheng N, Kuo CJ, Picton LK, Ohtsuki S, Majzner RG, Rietberg SP, Mackall CL, Yin Q, Ali LR, Yang X, Savvides CS, Sage J, Dougan M, Garcia KC. Immune receptor inhibition through enforced phosphatase recruitment. Nature 2020; 586:779-784. [PMID: 33087934 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2851-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies that antagonize extracellular receptor-ligand interactions are used as therapeutic agents for many diseases to inhibit signalling by cell-surface receptors1. However, this approach does not directly prevent intracellular signalling, such as through tonic or sustained signalling after ligand engagement. Here we present an alternative approach for attenuating cell-surface receptor signalling, termed receptor inhibition by phosphatase recruitment (RIPR). This approach compels cis-ligation of cell-surface receptors containing ITAM, ITIM or ITSM tyrosine phosphorylation motifs to the promiscuous cell-surface phosphatase CD452,3, which results in the direct intracellular dephosphorylation of tyrosine residues on the receptor target. As an example, we found that tonic signalling by the programmed cell death-1 receptor (PD-1) results in residual suppression of T cell activation, but is not inhibited by ligand-antagonist antibodies. We engineered a PD-1 molecule, which we denote RIPR-PD1, that induces cross-linking of PD-1 to CD45 and inhibits both tonic and ligand-activated signalling. RIPR-PD1 demonstrated enhanced inhibition of checkpoint blockade compared with ligand blocking by anti-PD1 antibodies, and increased therapeutic efficacy over anti-PD1 in mouse tumour models. We also show that the RIPR strategy extends to other immune-receptor targets that contain activating or inhibitory ITIM, ITSM or ITAM motifs; for example, inhibition of the macrophage SIRPα 'don't eat me' signal with a SIRPα-CD45 RIPR molecule potentiates antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis beyond that of SIRPα blockade alone. RIPR represents a general strategy for direct attenuation of signalling by kinase-activated cell-surface receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Fernandes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Leon Su
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yoko Nishiga
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Junming Ren
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aladdin M Bhuiyan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ning Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Calvin J Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lora K Picton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shozo Ohtsuki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robbie G Majzner
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Skyler P Rietberg
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Crystal L Mackall
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Qian Yin
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lestat R Ali
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xinbo Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christina S Savvides
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julien Sage
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael Dougan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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13
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Pardella E, Pranzini E, Leo A, Taddei ML, Paoli P, Raugei G. Oncogenic Tyrosine Phosphatases: Novel Therapeutic Targets for Melanoma Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2799. [PMID: 33003469 PMCID: PMC7599540 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a large number of therapeutic options available, malignant melanoma remains a highly fatal disease, especially in its metastatic forms. The oncogenic role of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) is becoming increasingly clear, paving the way for novel antitumor treatments based on their inhibition. In this review, we present the oncogenic PTPs contributing to melanoma progression and we provide, where available, a description of new inhibitory strategies designed against these enzymes and possibly useful in melanoma treatment. Considering the relevance of the immune infiltrate in supporting melanoma progression, we also focus on the role of PTPs in modulating immune cell activity, identifying interesting therapeutic options that may support the currently applied immunomodulating approaches. Collectively, this information highlights the value of going further in the development of new strategies targeting oncogenic PTPs to improve the efficacy of melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pardella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Erica Pranzini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Angela Leo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Maria Letizia Taddei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Giovanni Raugei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.P.); (E.P.); (A.L.); (G.R.)
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14
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Ambler R, Edmunds GL, Tan SL, Cirillo S, Pernes JI, Ruan X, Huete-Carrasco J, Wong CCW, Lu J, Ward J, Toti G, Hedges AJ, Dovedi SJ, Murphy RF, Morgan DJ, Wülfing C. PD-1 suppresses the maintenance of cell couples between cytotoxic T cells and target tumor cells within the tumor. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/649/eaau4518. [PMID: 32934075 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aau4518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The killing of tumor cells by CD8+ T cells is suppressed by the tumor microenvironment, and increased expression of inhibitory receptors, including programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), is associated with tumor-mediated suppression of T cells. To find cellular defects triggered by tumor exposure and associated PD-1 signaling, we established an ex vivo imaging approach to investigate the response of antigen-specific, activated effector CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) after interaction with target tumor cells. Although TIL-tumor cell couples readily formed, couple stability deteriorated within minutes. This was associated with impaired F-actin clearing from the center of the cellular interface, reduced Ca2+ signaling, increased TIL locomotion, and impaired tumor cell killing. The interaction of CD8+ T lymphocytes with tumor cell spheroids in vitro induced a similar phenotype, supporting a critical role of direct T cell-tumor cell contact. Diminished engagement of PD-1 within the tumor, but not acute ex vivo blockade, partially restored cell couple maintenance and killing. PD-1 thus contributes to the suppression of TIL function by inducing a state of impaired subcellular organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Ambler
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Grace L Edmunds
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Sin Lih Tan
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Silvia Cirillo
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Jane I Pernes
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Xiongtao Ruan
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jorge Huete-Carrasco
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Carissa C W Wong
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Jiahe Lu
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Juma Ward
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Giulia Toti
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Alan J Hedges
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Simon J Dovedi
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Robert F Murphy
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Departments of Biological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering and Machine Learning, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies and Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - David J Morgan
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Christoph Wülfing
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
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15
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Liu YN, Yang JF, Huang DJ, Ni HH, Zhang CX, Zhang L, He J, Gu JM, Chen HX, Mai HQ, Chen QY, Zhang XS, Gao S, Li J. Hypoxia Induces Mitochondrial Defect That Promotes T Cell Exhaustion in Tumor Microenvironment Through MYC-Regulated Pathways. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1906. [PMID: 32973789 PMCID: PMC7472844 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell exhaustion is an obstacle to immunotherapy for solid tumors. An understanding of the mechanism by which T cells develop this phenotype in solid tumors is needed. Here, hypoxia, a feature of the tumor microenvironment, causes T cell exhaustion (TExh) by inducing a mitochondrial defect. Upon exposure to hypoxia, activated T cells with a TExh phenotype are characterized by mitochondrial fragmentation, decreased ATP production, and decreased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation activity. The TExh phenotype is correlated with the downregulation of the mitochondrial fusion protein mitofusin 1 (MFN1) and upregulation of miR-24. Overexpression of miR-24 alters the transcription of many metabolism-related genes including its target genes MYC and fibroblast growth factor 11 (FGF11). Downregulation of MYC and FGF11 induces TExh differentiation, reduced ATP production and a loss of the mitochondrial mass in T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulated T cells. In addition, we determined that MYC regulates the transcription of FGF11 and MFN1. In nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissues, the T cells exhibit an increased frequency of exhaustion and loss of mitochondrial mass. In addition, inhibition of miR-24 signaling decreases NPC xenograft growth in nude mice. Our findings reveal a mechanism for T cell exhaustion in the tumor environment and provide potential strategies that target mitochondrial metabolism for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Na Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Feng Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dai-Jia Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan-He Ni
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Mei Gu
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Xia Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Qiang Mai
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Shi Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute for Innovation and Translational Medicine, Shenzhen International Biological Valley-Life Science Industrial Park, Shenzhen, China
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16
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Cole KE, Ly QP, Hollingsworth MA, Cox JL, Stromnes IM, Padussis JC, Foster JM, Vargas LM, Talmadge JE. Comparative phenotypes of peripheral blood and spleen cells from cancer patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106655. [PMID: 32521493 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with resectable tumor, either in the body or the tail of the pancreas, and cancer patients with a primary tumor adjacent to the splenic vasculature frequently undergo a splenectomy as standard of care during resection. The spleen provides an unutilized source of lymphocytes with potential utility for adoptive cellular therapy (ACT). In this report, spleen and peripheral blood (PB) cells from cancer patients were compared to one another and normal PB by flow cytometry with a focus on CD8+ T-cells, memory phenotype, and their relative expression of checkpoint proteins including program death ligand-1 (PD1). PD1 is both an activation marker for T-cells including antigen (Ag) specific responses, as well as a marker of T-cell exhaustion associated with co-expression of other checkpoint molecules such as lymphocyte activating gene-3 (LAG-3) and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing-3 (TIM-3). In summary, the spleen is a rich source of CD8+PD1+ T-cells, with an 8-fold higher frequency compared to the PB. These CD8+ T-cells are predominantly central and transitional memory T-cells with associated effector phenotypes and low expression of TIM-3 and LAG-3 with potential utility for ACT".
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Cole
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Quan P Ly
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4990, USA
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA
| | - Jesse L Cox
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ingunn M Stromnes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - James C Padussis
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4990, USA
| | - Jason M Foster
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4990, USA
| | - Luciano M Vargas
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4990, USA
| | - James E Talmadge
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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17
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TGFβ blocks IFNα/β release and tumor rejection in spontaneous mammary tumors. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4131. [PMID: 31511510 PMCID: PMC6739328 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11998-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN) are being rediscovered as potent anti-tumoral agents. Activation of the STimulator of INterferon Genes (STING) by DMXAA (5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid) can induce strong production of IFNα/β and rejection of transplanted primary tumors. In the present study, we address whether targeting STING with DMXAA also leads to the regression of spontaneous MMTV-PyMT mammary tumors. We show that these tumors are refractory to DMXAA-induced regression. This is due to a blockade in the phosphorylation of IRF3 and the ensuing IFNα/β production. Mechanistically, we identify TGFβ, which is abundant in spontaneous tumors, as a key molecule limiting this IFN-induced tumor regression by DMXAA. Finally, blocking TGFβ restores the production of IFNα by activated MHCII+ tumor-associated macrophages, and enables tumor regression induced by STING activation. On the basis of these findings, we propose that type I IFN-dependent cancer therapies could be greatly improved by combinations including the blockade of TGFβ.
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18
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O'Brien SM, Klampatsa A, Thompson JC, Martinez MC, Hwang WT, Rao AS, Standalick JE, Kim S, Cantu E, Litzky LA, Singhal S, Eruslanov EB, Moon EK, Albelda SM. Function of Human Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:896-909. [PMID: 31053597 PMCID: PMC6548666 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer progression is marked by dysfunctional tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) with high inhibitory receptor (IR) expression. Because IR blockade has led to clinical responses in some patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we investigated how IRs influenced CD8+ TIL function from freshly digested early-stage NSCLC tissues using a killing assay and intracellular cytokine staining after in vitro T-cell restimulation. Early-stage lung cancer TIL function was heterogeneous with only about one third of patients showing decrements in cytokine production and lytic function. TIL hypofunction did not correlate with clinical factors, coexisting immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, or CD4+ T regulatory cells), nor with PD-1, TIGIT, TIM-3, CD39, or CTLA-4 expression. Instead, we found that the presence of the integrin αeβ7 (CD103), characteristic of tissue-resident memory cells (TRM), was positively associated with cytokine production, whereas expression of the transcription factor Eomesodermin (Eomes) was negatively associated with TIL function. These data suggest that the functionality of CD8+ TILs from early-stage NSCLCs may be influenced by competition between an antitumor CD103+ TRM program and an exhaustion program marked by Eomes expression. Understanding the mechanisms of T-cell function in the progression of lung cancer may have clinical implications for immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biological Variation, Population
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Cause of Death
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Immunologic Memory
- Immunophenotyping
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/mortality
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun M O'Brien
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Astero Klampatsa
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey C Thompson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marina C Martinez
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei-Ting Hwang
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Abishek S Rao
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason E Standalick
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edward Cantu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Leslie A Litzky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sunil Singhal
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Evgeniy B Eruslanov
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edmund K Moon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven M Albelda
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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19
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Freitas CMT, Johnson DK, Weber KS. T Cell Calcium Signaling Regulation by the Co-Receptor CD5. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1295. [PMID: 29701673 PMCID: PMC5983667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium influx is critical for T cell effector function and fate. T cells are activated when T cell receptors (TCRs) engage peptides presented by antigen-presenting cells (APC), causing an increase of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) concentration. Co-receptors stabilize interactions between the TCR and its ligand, the peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC), and enhance Ca2+ signaling and T cell activation. Conversely, some co-receptors can dampen Ca2+ signaling and inhibit T cell activation. Immune checkpoint therapies block inhibitory co-receptors, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1), to increase T cell Ca2+ signaling and promote T cell survival. Similar to CTLA-4 and PD-1, the co-receptor CD5 has been known to act as a negative regulator of T cell activation and to alter Ca2+ signaling and T cell function. Though much is known about the role of CD5 in B cells, recent research has expanded our understanding of CD5 function in T cells. Here we review these recent findings and discuss how our improved understanding of CD5 Ca2+ signaling regulation could be useful for basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Tellez Freitas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA.
| | - Deborah K Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA.
| | - K Scott Weber
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA.
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20
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PD-1 mediates functional exhaustion of activated NK cells in patients with Kaposi sarcoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:72961-72977. [PMID: 27662664 PMCID: PMC5341956 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed Death-1 (PD-1), an inhibitory receptor expressed by activated lymphocytes, is involved in regulating T- and B-cell responses. PD-1 and its ligands are exploited by a variety of cancers to facilitate tumor escape through PD-1-mediated functional exhaustion of effector T cells. Here, we report that PD-1 is upregulated on Natural Killer (NK) cells from patients with Kaposi sarcoma (KS). PD-1 was expressed in a sub-population of activated, mature CD56dimCD16pos NK cells with otherwise normal expression of NK surface receptors. PD-1pos NK cells from KS patients were hyporesponsive ex vivo following direct triggering of NKp30, NKp46 or CD16 activating receptors, or short stimulation with NK cell targets. PD-1pos NK cells failed to degranulate and release IFNγ, but exogenous IL-2 or IL-15 restored this defect. That PD-1 contributed to NK cell functional impairment and was not simply a marker of dysfunctional NK cells was confirmed in PD-1-transduced NKL cells. In vitro, PD-1 was induced at the surface of healthy control NK cells upon prolonged contact with cells expressing activating ligands, i.e. a condition mimicking persistent stimulation by tumor cells. Thus, PD-1 appears to plays a critical role in mediating NK cell exhaustion. The existence of this negative checkpoint fine-tuning NK activation highlights the possibility that manipulation of the PD-1 pathway may be a strategy for circumventing tumor escape not only from the T cell-, but also the NK-cell mediated immune surveillance.
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21
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Trautmann A. From kinetics and cellular cooperations to cancer immunotherapies. Oncotarget 2018; 7:44779-44789. [PMID: 27014912 PMCID: PMC5190134 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review will be underlined two simple ideas of potential interest for the design of cancer immunotherapies. One concerns the importance of kinetics, with the key notion that a single cause may trigger two opposite effects with different kinetics. The importance of this phenomenon will be underlined in neurobiology, transcription networks and the immune system. The second idea is that efficient immune responses have been selected against pathogens, throughout evolution. They are never due to a single cell type, but always require multiple, complex cellular cooperations. One cannot recognize this fact and persist in the presently dominant T-cell centered view of cancer immunotherapies. Suggestions will be made to incorporate these simple ideas for improving these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Trautmann
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée "Ligue contre le Cancer", Paris, France
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22
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Jiang GM, Xu W, Du J, Zhang KS, Zhang QG, Wang XW, Liu ZG, Liu SQ, Xie WY, Liu HF, Liu JS, Wu BP. The application of the fibroblast activation protein α-targeted immunotherapy strategy. Oncotarget 2017; 7:33472-82. [PMID: 26985769 PMCID: PMC5078111 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has primarily been focused on attacking tumor cells. However, given the close interaction between tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME), CAF-targeted strategies could also contribute to an integrated cancer immunotherapy. Fibroblast activation protein α (FAP α) is not detectible in normal tissues, but is overexpressed by CAFs and is the predominant component of the stroma in most types of cancer. FAP α has both dipeptidyl peptidase and endopeptidase activities, cleaving substrates at a post-proline bond. When all FAP α-expressing cells (stromal and cancerous) are destroyed, tumors rapidly die. Furthermore, a FAP α antibody, FAP α vaccine, and modified vaccine all inhibit tumor growth and prolong survival in mouse models, suggesting FAP α is an adaptive tumor-associated antigen. This review highlights the role of FAP α in tumor development, explores the relationship between FAP α and immune suppression in the TME, and discusses FAP α as a potential immunotherapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Min Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun-Shui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiu-Gui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wan-Ying Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Hui-Fang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jing-Shi Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bai-Ping Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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23
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Bettonville M, D'Aria S, Braun MY. Metabolic programming in chronically stimulated T cells: Lessons from cancer and viral infections. Eur J Immunol 2017; 46:1574-82. [PMID: 27271222 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
T-cell metabolism is central to the shaping of a successful immune response. However, there are pathological situations where T cells are rendered dysfunctional and incapable of eliminating infected or transformed cells. Here, we review the current knowledge on T-cell metabolism and how persistent antigenic stimulation, in the form of cancer and chronic viral infection, modifies both metabolic and functional pathways in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bettonville
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Stefania D'Aria
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Michel Y Braun
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
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24
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Cooper WA, Russell PA, Cherian M, Duhig EE, Godbolt D, Jessup PJ, Khoo C, Leslie C, Mahar A, Moffat DF, Sivasubramaniam V, Faure C, Reznichenko A, Grattan A, Fox SB. Intra- and Interobserver Reproducibility Assessment of PD-L1 Biomarker in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:4569-4577. [PMID: 28420726 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Reliable and reproducible methods for identifying PD-L1 expression on tumor cells are necessary to identify responders to anti-PD-1 therapy. We tested the reproducibility of the assessment of PD-L1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissue samples by pathologists.Experimental Design: NSCLC samples were stained with PD-L1 22C3 pharmDx kit using the Dako Autostainer Link 48 Platform. Two sample sets of 60 samples each were designed to assess inter- and intraobserver reproducibility considering two cut points for positivity: 1% or 50% of PD-L1 stained tumor cells. A randomization process was used to obtain equal distribution of PD-L1 positive and negative samples within each sample set. Ten pathologists were randomly assigned to two subgroups. Subgroup 1 analyzed all samples on two consecutive days. Subgroup 2 performed the same assessments, except they received a 1-hour training session prior to the second assessment.Results: For intraobserver reproducibility, the overall percent agreement (OPA) was 89.7% [95% confidence interval (CI), 85.7-92.6] for the 1% cut point and 91.3% (95% CI, 87.6-94.0) for the 50% cut point. For interobserver reproducibility, OPA was 84.2% (95% CI, 82.8-85.5) for the 1% cut point and 81.9% (95% CI, 80.4-83.3) for the 50% cut point, and Cohen's κ coefficients were 0.68 (95% CI, 0.65-0.71) and 0.58 (95% CI, 0.55-0.62), respectively. The training was found to have no or very little impact on intra- or interobserver reproducibility.Conclusions: Pathologists reported good reproducibility at both 1% and 50% cut points. More adapted training could potentially increase reliability, in particular for samples with PD-L1 proportion, scores around 50%. Clin Cancer Res; 23(16); 4569-77. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A Cooper
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic, Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, New South Wales, Australia. .,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Prudence A Russell
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent's, Hospital and University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maya Cherian
- The Canberra Hospital, Garran, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Edwina E Duhig
- Sullivan Nicholaides Pathology, Tugun Lab, C/o John Flynn Hospital, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Godbolt
- Pathology Queensland-The Prince Charles Laboratory, The Prince Charles Hospital, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter J Jessup
- Royal Hobart Hospital Pathology Service, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Christine Khoo
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Connull Leslie
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Annabelle Mahar
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Department of Tissue Path and Diagnostic Oncology, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David F Moffat
- SA Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, FMC, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Vanathi Sivasubramaniam
- SydPath St Vincents Hospital, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Celine Faure
- Mapi Group, Real World Evidence, Villette, Lyon, France
| | | | - Amanda Grattan
- MSD (Australia), Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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25
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Conforti L. Potassium channels of T lymphocytes take center stage in the fight against cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2017; 5:2. [PMID: 28105369 PMCID: PMC5240326 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-016-0202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent study by Eil at al. published in Nature in September 2016 provides evidence that alterations of the K+ homeostasis of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in necrotic areas of the tumor microenvironment (TME) suppress the function of effector T cells. Furthermore, they establish that overexpression of K+ channels in T lymphocytes counterbalances this negative effect of the TME and restores the ability of TILs to function, ultimately leading to increased survival of tumor bearing mice. Thus, K+ channels in T lymphocytes become interesting new targets for novel immunotherapies in cancer. This Commentary discusses Eil’s finding in the context of the central role that K+ channels play in the suppressed state of TILs as they mediate the immunosuppressive effects of multiple conditions of the TME including hypoxia and adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Conforti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA
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26
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Chimote AA, Hajdu P, Sfyris AM, Gleich BN, Wise-Draper T, Casper KA, Conforti L. Kv1.3 Channels Mark Functionally Competent CD8+ Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Head and Neck Cancer. Cancer Res 2016; 77:53-61. [PMID: 27815390 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are potent mediators of an antitumor response. However, their function is attenuated in solid tumors. CD8+ T-cell effector functions, such as cytokine and granzyme production, depend on cytoplasmic Ca2+, which is controlled by ion channels. In particular, Kv1.3 channels regulate the membrane potential and Ca2+ influx in human effector memory T (TEM) cells. In this study, we assessed the contribution of reduced Kv1.3 and Ca2+ flux on TIL effector function in head and neck cancer (HNC). We obtained tumor samples and matched peripheral blood from 14 patients with HNC. CD3+ TILs were composed of 57% CD4+ (82% TEM and 20% Tregs) and 36% CD8+ cells. Electrophysiology revealed a 70% reduction in functional Kv1.3 channels in TILs as compared with peripheral blood T cells from paired patients, which was accompanied by a decrease in Ca2+ influx. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that CD8+ TILs expressing high Kv1.3 preferentially localized in the stroma. Importantly, high expression of Kv1.3 correlated with high Ki-67 and granzyme B expression. Overall, these data indicate that defective Kv1.3 channels and Ca2+ fluxes in TILs may contribute to reduced immune surveillance in HNC. Cancer Res; 77(1); 53-61. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameet A Chimote
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Peter Hajdu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Alexandros M Sfyris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Brittany N Gleich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Trisha Wise-Draper
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Keith A Casper
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Laura Conforti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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27
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Li J, Shayan G, Avery L, Jie HB, Gildener-Leapman N, Schmitt N, Lu BF, Kane LP, Ferris RL. Tumor-infiltrating Tim-3 + T cells proliferate avidly except when PD-1 is co-expressed: Evidence for intracellular cross talk. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1200778. [PMID: 27853635 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1200778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed Death 1 (PD-1) and T cell Ig and mucin domain-3 protein (Tim-3) are immune checkpoint receptors highly expressed on tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes (TIL). PD-1 inhibits T cell activation and type-1 T cell responses, while Tim-3 is proposed to mark more extensively exhausted cells, although the mechanisms underlying Tim-3 function are not clear. Trials of anti-PD-1 therapy have identified a large subset of non-responder patients, likely due to expression of alternative checkpoint molecules like Tim-3. We investigated the phenotypic and functional characteristics of T cells with differential expression of PD-1 (high/low) and Tim-3 (positive/negative), using TIL directly isolated from head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Unexpectedly, we found that expression of Tim-3 alone does not necessarily mark TIL as dysfunctional/exhausted. In Tim-3-TIL, PD-1 levels correlate with T cell dysfunction, with a PD-1low/intermed phenotype identifying recently activated and still functional cells, whereas PD-1hiTim-3- T cells are actually exhausted. Nonetheless, PD-1intermed cells are still potently suppressed by PD-L1. PD-1 expression was associated with reduced phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 (pS6), whereas Tim-3 expression was associated with increased pS6. Using a novel mouse model for inducible Tim-3 expression, we confirmed that expression of Tim-3 does not necessarily render T cells refractory to further activation. These results suggest the existence of PD-1 and Tim-3 crosstalk in regulating antitumor T cell responses, with important implications for anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | | | - Lyndsay Avery
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Graduate Program - Deptartment of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hyun-Bae Jie
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Nicole Schmitt
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bin Feng Lu
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Cancer Immunology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lawrence P Kane
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Cancer Immunology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert L Ferris
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Cancer Immunology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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28
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The CD47 "don't eat me signal" is highly expressed in human ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2016; 143:393-397. [PMID: 27569584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.08.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The CD47 "don't eat me" signal allows tumor immune evasion. We tested the association of CD47 expression with outcomes in EOC. METHODS CD47 expression was examined within the TCGA database for ovarian carcinoma. For validation, IHC was performed on a TMA consisting of specimens from 265 patients with EOC. The medical records of the patients were also retrospectively reviewed to correlate demographic and survival data. RESULTS CD47 was amplified in 15/316 (5%) ovarian serous cancers in TCGA. In the validation cohort, the majority of patients had stage III/IV disease (208/265, 78.4%). CD47 expression was seen in 210/265 (79.2%). Patients were categorized into CD47hi (129/265; 48.7%) versus CD47lo (136/265; 51.3%). Patients with CD47lo tumors were more likely to have a complete response to adjuvant therapy than CD47hi (65% vs 50%, p=0.026). Although there was a trend towards an increase in median OS (37.64 vs 45.26months, p=0.92) in the CD47lo group compared with CD47hi, the difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS CD47 is expressed at high frequency in EOC. Patients with CD47lo EOC had a better treatment response to standard therapy, and trended towards improved OS. This demonstrates that while CD47 may be an immunologic shield that may be considered for targeted therapies, it is likely that it operates in concert with other mechanisms of immune evasion. Future studies to evaluate CD47 expression with other known mechanisms of immune escape in the tumor microenvironment may help further define its role.
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29
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Vaccine-induced tumor regression requires a dynamic cooperation between T cells and myeloid cells at the tumor site. Oncotarget 2016; 6:27832-46. [PMID: 26337837 PMCID: PMC4695029 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cancer immunotherapies under present investigation are based on the belief that cytotoxic T cells are the most important anti-tumoral immune cells, whereas intra-tumoral macrophages would rather play a pro-tumoral role. We have challenged this antagonistic point of view and searched for collaborative contributions by tumor-infiltrating T cells and macrophages, reminiscent of those observed in anti-infectious responses. We demonstrate that, in a model of therapeutic vaccination, cooperation between myeloid cells and T cells is indeed required for tumor rejection. Vaccination elicited an early rise of CD11b+ myeloid cells that preceded and conditioned the intra-tumoral accumulation of CD8+ T cells. Conversely, CD8+ T cells and IFNγ production activated myeloid cells were required for tumor regression. A 4-fold reduction of CD8+ T cell infiltrate in CXCR3KO mice did not prevent tumor regression, whereas a reduction of tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells significantly interfered with vaccine efficiency. We show that macrophages from regressing tumors can kill tumor cells in two ways: phagocytosis and TNFα release. Altogether, our data suggest new strategies to improve the efficiency of cancer immunotherapies, by promoting intra-tumoral cooperation between macrophages and T cells.
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30
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A major secretory defect of tumour-infiltrating T lymphocytes due to galectin impairing LFA-1-mediated synapse completion. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12242. [PMID: 27447355 PMCID: PMC4961845 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface galectin has been shown to contribute to dysfunctions of human tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). We show here that galectin-covered CD8 TILs produce normal amounts of intracellular cytokines, but fail to secrete them because of defective actin rearrangements at the synapse. The non-secreting TILs also display reduced adhesion to their targets, together with defective LFA-1 recruitment and activation at the synapse. These defects are relieved by releasing surface galectin. As mild LFA-1 blockade on normal blood T cells emulate the defects of galectin-covered TILs, we conclude that galectin prevents the formation of a functional secretory synapse by preventing optimal LFA-1 triggering. Our results highlight a major secretory defect of TILs that is not revealed by widely used intracellular cytokine immunomonitoring assays. They also provide additional insights into the T-cell response, by showing that different thresholds of LFA-1 triggering are required to promote the intracellular production of cytokines and their secretion. Galectin-3 is a sugar-binding protein that can inhibit antitumour cytotoxic immunity. Here the authors show that Galectin-3 expressed by tumour cells inhibits LFA-1 on cytotoxic lymphocytes, impairing immunological synapse formation, IFNg secretion, and target cell killing.
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31
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Ishibashi M, Tamura H, Sunakawa M, Kondo-Onodera A, Okuyama N, Hamada Y, Moriya K, Choi I, Tamada K, Inokuchi K. Myeloma Drug Resistance Induced by Binding of Myeloma B7-H1 (PD-L1) to PD-1. Cancer Immunol Res 2016; 4:779-88. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Corrado M, Scorrano L, Campello S. Changing perspective on oncometabolites: from metabolic signature of cancer to tumorigenic and immunosuppressive agents. Oncotarget 2016; 7:46692-46706. [PMID: 27083002 PMCID: PMC5216830 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During tumorigenesis, the shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis in ATP production accounts for the dramatic change in the cellular metabolism and represents one of the major steps leading to tumour formation. The so-called Warburg effect is currently considered something more than a mere modification in the cellular metabolism. The paradox that during cancer cell proliferation the increase in energy need is supplied by glycolysis can be only explained by taking into account the many roles that intermediates of glycolysis or TCA cycle play in cellular physiology, besides energy production. Recent studies have shown that metabolic intermediates induce changes in chromatin structure or drive neo-angiogenesis. In this review, we present some of the latest findings in the study of cancer metabolism with particular attention to how tumour metabolism and its microenvironment can favour tumour growth and aggressiveness, by hijacking and dampening the anti-tumoral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Corrado
- Dulbecco-Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Dulbecco-Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Campello
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
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Lipowska-Bhalla G, Fagnano E, Illidge TM, Cheadle EJ. Improving therapeutic activity of anti-CD20 antibody therapy through immunomodulation in lymphoid malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 57:1269-80. [PMID: 27050042 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2016.1157874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nearly two decades ago rituximab heralded a new era in management of B cell malignancies significantly increasing response rates and survival. However, despite clear therapeutic advantage, significant numbers of patients become refractory to anti-CD20 mAb therapy, suggesting urgent improvements are required. It is now well recognized that the suppressive tumor microenvironment plays an important role in the outcome of anti-CD20 mAb therapy and that manipulation of this environment may improve the efficacy and produce long-term tumor control. The past few years have seen a surge of interest in immunomodulatory agents capable of overwriting immune suppressive networks into favorable clinical outcome. Currently, a number of such combinations with anti-CD20 mAb is under evaluation and some have produced encouraging outcomes in rituximab refractory disease. In this review, we give an outline of anti-CD20 mAbs and explore the combinations with immunomodulatory agents that enhance antitumor immunity through targeting stimulatory or inhibitory pathways and have proven potential to synergize with anti-CD20 mAb therapy. These agents, primarily mAbs, target CTLA-4, PD-1/PD-L1, and CD40.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD20
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- CD40 Antigens/antagonists & inhibitors
- CTLA-4 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Humans
- Immunologic Factors/pharmacology
- Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use
- Immunomodulation/drug effects
- Leukemia, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Rituximab/pharmacology
- Rituximab/therapeutic use
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazyna Lipowska-Bhalla
- a Targeted Therapy Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre , Manchester , UK
| | - Ester Fagnano
- a Targeted Therapy Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre , Manchester , UK
| | - Timothy M Illidge
- a Targeted Therapy Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre , Manchester , UK
| | - Eleanor J Cheadle
- a Targeted Therapy Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre , Manchester , UK
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35
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Moon EK, Ranganathan R, Eruslanov E, Kim S, Newick K, O'Brien S, Lo A, Liu X, Zhao Y, Albelda SM. Blockade of Programmed Death 1 Augments the Ability of Human T Cells Engineered to Target NY-ESO-1 to Control Tumor Growth after Adoptive Transfer. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:436-47. [PMID: 26324743 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) become hypofunctional, although the mechanisms are not clear. Our goal was to generate a model of human tumor-induced TIL hypofunction to study mechanisms and to test anti-human therapeutics. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We transduced human T cells with a published, optimized T-cell receptor (TCR) that is directed to a peptide within the cancer testis antigen, NY-ESO-1. After demonstrating antigen-specific in vitro activity, these cells were used to target a human lung cancer line that expressed NY-ESO-1 in the appropriate HLA context growing in immunodeficient mice. The ability of anti-PD1 antibody to augment efficacy was tested. RESULTS Injection of transgenic T cells had some antitumor activity, but did not eliminate the tumors. The injected T cells became profoundly hypofunctional accompanied by upregulation of PD1, Tim3, and Lag3 with coexpression of multiple inhibitory receptors in a high percentage of cells. This model allowed us to test reagents targeted specifically to human T cells. We found that injections of an anti-PD1 antibody in combination with T cells led to decreased TIL hypofunction and augmented the efficacy of the adoptively transferred T cells. CONCLUSIONS This model offers a platform for preclinical testing of adjuvant immunotherapeutics targeted to human T cells prior to transition to the bedside. Because the model employs engineering of human T cells with a TCR clone instead of a CAR, it allows for study of the biology of tumor-reactive TILs that signal through an endogenous TCR. The lessons learned from TCR-engineered TILs can thus be applied to tumor-reactive TILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund K Moon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Raghuveer Ranganathan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Evgeniy Eruslanov
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kheng Newick
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shaun O'Brien
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Albert Lo
- Department of Animal Biology and Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yangbing Zhao
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven M Albelda
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Phosphoenolpyruvate Is a Metabolic Checkpoint of Anti-tumor T Cell Responses. Cell 2015; 162:1217-28. [PMID: 26321681 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 996] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Activated T cells engage aerobic glycolysis and anabolic metabolism for growth, proliferation, and effector functions. We propose that a glucose-poor tumor microenvironment limits aerobic glycolysis in tumor-infiltrating T cells, which suppresses tumoricidal effector functions. We discovered a new role for the glycolytic metabolite phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) in sustaining T cell receptor-mediated Ca(2+)-NFAT signaling and effector functions by repressing sarco/ER Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) activity. Tumor-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells could be metabolically reprogrammed by increasing PEP production through overexpression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), which bolstered effector functions. Moreover, PCK1-overexpressing T cells restricted tumor growth and prolonged the survival of melanoma-bearing mice. This study uncovers new metabolic checkpoints for T cell activity and demonstrates that metabolic reprogramming of tumor-reactive T cells can enhance anti-tumor T cell responses, illuminating new forms of immunotherapy.
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Castella B, Foglietta M, Sciancalepore P, Rigoni M, Coscia M, Griggio V, Vitale C, Ferracini R, Saraci E, Omedé P, Riganti C, Palumbo A, Boccadoro M, Massaia M. Anergic bone marrow Vγ9Vδ2 T cells as early and long-lasting markers of PD-1-targetable microenvironment-induced immune suppression in human myeloma. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1047580. [PMID: 26451323 PMCID: PMC4589055 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1047580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells have a natural inclination to recognize malignant B cells in vitro via receptors for stress-induced self-ligands and TCR-dependent recognition of phosphoantigens (pAgs) generated in the mevalonate (Mev) pathway. This inclination is continuously challenged in vivo by the immune suppression operated by tumor cells. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a prototypic B-cell malignancy in which myeloma cells subvert the local microenvironment to reshape antitumor immune responses. In this study, we have investigated the immune competence of bone marrow (BM) Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in a large series of MM patients. We have found that the BM microenvironment significantly hampers the pAg-reactivity of BM Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, which become largely PD-1+ and are surrounded by PD-L1+ myeloma cells and increased numbers of PD-L1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell dysfunction is an early event that can be already detected in individuals with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and not fully reverted even when MM patients achieve clinical remission. Anti-PD-1 treatment increases the cytotoxic potential of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells by almost 5-fold after pAg stimulation, and appears to be a promising strategy for effective immune interventions in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Castella
- Laboratorio di Ematologia Oncologica; Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS); Torino, Italy ; Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute; Università degli Studi di Torino ; Torino, Italy
| | - Myriam Foglietta
- Laboratorio di Ematologia Oncologica; Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS); Torino, Italy ; Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute; Università degli Studi di Torino ; Torino, Italy
| | - Patrizia Sciancalepore
- Laboratorio di Ematologia Oncologica; Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS); Torino, Italy ; S.C. Ematologia I; Università degli Studi di Torino ; Torino, Italy
| | - Micol Rigoni
- Laboratorio di Ematologia Oncologica; Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS); Torino, Italy ; Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute; Università degli Studi di Torino ; Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Coscia
- Laboratorio di Ematologia Oncologica; Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS); Torino, Italy ; Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute; Università degli Studi di Torino ; Torino, Italy ; S.C. Ematologia I; Università degli Studi di Torino ; Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Griggio
- Laboratorio di Ematologia Oncologica; Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS); Torino, Italy ; Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute; Università degli Studi di Torino ; Torino, Italy
| | - Candida Vitale
- Laboratorio di Ematologia Oncologica; Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS); Torino, Italy ; S.C. Ematologia I; Università degli Studi di Torino ; Torino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ferracini
- Divisione di Ortopedia, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino ; Torino, Italy
| | - Elona Saraci
- S.C. Ematologia I; Università degli Studi di Torino ; Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Omedé
- S.C. Ematologia I; Università degli Studi di Torino ; Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Dipartimento di Oncologia; Università degli Studi di Torino ; Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Palumbo
- S.C. Ematologia I; Università degli Studi di Torino ; Torino, Italy
| | - Mario Boccadoro
- S.C. Ematologia I; Università degli Studi di Torino ; Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo Massaia
- Laboratorio di Ematologia Oncologica; Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS); Torino, Italy ; Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute; Università degli Studi di Torino ; Torino, Italy
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Abstract
Ligands for inhibitory immune receptors on T cells may be constitutively expressed on tumor cells or host cells in tumor microenvironment as a consequence of adaptive immunity. Programmed death 1 (PD-1) is 1 such receptor on T cells, which functions as a negative regulator of T cell activity. Tumors that up-regulate programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) (B7-H1) may abrogate the host's effector T cell antitumor response. Higher tumoral PD-L1 expression has been linked with inferior clinical outcomes. Multiple cancers including renal cell cancers (RCCs) and melanomas have relatively high levels of PD-L1 on the cell surface. Early evaluations of antibodies that block the interaction of PD-1 and PD-L1 have shown efficacy and a favorable tolerability profile with notable inflammatory toxicities that are generally manageable. Upward of 30% of RCC patients and 50% of melanoma patients achieve objective responses. Durable responses can occur, even in some patients who have discontinued treatment. The developing investigation of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway-blocking agents in RCC and melanoma will likely alter our approaches to the treatment of these 2 deadly diseases.
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Remark R, Becker C, Gomez JE, Damotte D, Dieu-Nosjean MC, Sautès-Fridman C, Fridman WH, Powell CA, Altorki NK, Merad M, Gnjatic S. The non-small cell lung cancer immune contexture. A major determinant of tumor characteristics and patient outcome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191:377-90. [PMID: 25369536 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201409-1671pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors, beyond mere accumulation of cancer cells, form a complex ecosystem consisting of normal epithelial cells, fibroblasts, blood and lymphatic vessels, structural components, and infiltrating hematopoietic cells including myeloid and lymphoid elements that impact tumor growth, tumor spreading, and clinical outcome. The composition of the immune microenvironment is diverse, including various populations of T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, neutrophils, or macrophages. The immune contexture describes the density, location, and organization of these immune cells within solid tumors. In lung cancer, which is the deadliest type of cancer, and particularly in non-small cell lung cancer, its most prevalent form, reports have described some of the interactions between the tumor and the host. These data, in addition to articles on various types of tumors, provide a greater understanding of the tumor-host microenvironment interaction and stimulate the development of prognostic and predictive biomarkers, the identification of novel target antigens for therapeutic intervention, and the implementation of tools for long-term management of patients with cancer.
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40
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Severson JJ, Serracino HS, Mateescu V, Raeburn CD, McIntyre RC, Sams SB, Haugen BR, French JD. PD-1+Tim-3+ CD8+ T Lymphocytes Display Varied Degrees of Functional Exhaustion in Patients with Regionally Metastatic Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 3:620-30. [PMID: 25701326 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Regional metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (mDTC) provides a unique model in which to study the tumor-immune interface. These lymph node metastases persist for years, generally without progression to distant metastases. Although the immune system likely impedes disease progression, it is unsuccessful in eliminating disease. Our previous studies revealed that programmed death-1 (PD-1)(+) T cells were enriched in tumor-involved lymph nodes (TILN). Tumor-associated leukocytes and tumor cells were collected from grossly involved lymph nodes from 12 patients to further characterize the phenotype and functional potential of mDTC-associated PD-1(+) T cells. PD-1(+)CD4(+) and PD-1(+)CD8(+) T cells were enriched in 8 of 12 TILN samples. PD-1(+) T cells coexpressed Tim-3 and CD69 and failed to downregulate CD27. CD8(+) T cells, but not CD4(+) T cells, from these samples were variably deficient in their ability to produce effector cytokines when compared with control TILNs that lacked resident PD-1(+) T cells. PD-1(+)CD8(+) T cells were capable of exocytosis but lacked intracellular perforin. Surprisingly, T-cell proliferative capacity was largely maintained in all samples. Thus, although PD-1 expression by mDTC-associated CD8(+) T cells was associated with dysfunction, exhaustion was not complete. Notably, molecular markers of exhaustion did not translate to dysfunction in all samples or in CD4(+) T cells. Regulatory T cells (Treg), PD-L1, and galectin-9 were commonly found in mDTC and likely contributed to the initiation of T-cell exhaustion and disease progression. Therapies that release the effects of PD-1 and Tim-3 and reduce the suppressive effects of Tregs may encourage tumor elimination in patients with mDTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill J Severson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Hilary S Serracino
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Valerica Mateescu
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Christopher D Raeburn
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Robert C McIntyre
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sharon B Sams
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Bryan R Haugen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jena D French
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
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Beavis PA, Milenkovski N, Henderson MA, John LB, Allard B, Loi S, Kershaw MH, Stagg J, Darcy PK. Adenosine Receptor 2A Blockade Increases the Efficacy of Anti–PD-1 through Enhanced Antitumor T-cell Responses. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 3:506-17. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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42
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Li J, Jie HB, Lei Y, Gildener-Leapman N, Trivedi S, Green T, Kane LP, Ferris RL. PD-1/SHP-2 inhibits Tc1/Th1 phenotypic responses and the activation of T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Res 2014; 75:508-518. [PMID: 25480946 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Immune rejection of tumors is mediated by IFNγ production and T-cell cytolytic activity. These processes are impeded by PD-1, a coinhibitory molecule expressed on T cells that is elevated in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). PD-1 elevation may reflect T-cell exhaustion marked by decreased proliferation, production of type I cytokines, and poor cytolytic activity. Although anti-PD-1 antibodies enhance IFNγ secretion after stimulation of the T-cell receptor (TCR), the mechanistic link between PD-1 and its effects on T-cell help (Tc1/Th1 skewing) remains unclear. In prospectively collected cancer tissues, we found that TIL exhibited dampened Tc1/Th1 skewing and activation compared with peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). When PD-1 bound its ligand PD-L1, we observed a marked suppression of critical TCR target genes and Th1 cytokines. Conversely, PD-1 blockade reversed these suppressive effects of PD-1:PD-L1 ligation. We also found that the TCR-regulated phosphatase SHP-2 was expressed higher in TIL than in PBL, tightly correlating with PD-1 expression and negative regulation of TCR target genes. Overall, these results defined a PD-1/SHP-2/STAT1/T-bet signaling axis mediating the suppressive effects of PD-1 on Th1 immunity at tumor sites. Our findings argue that PD-1 or SHP-2 blockade will be sufficient to restore robust Th1 immunity and T-cell activation and thereby reverse immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hyun-Bae Jie
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Sumita Trivedi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tony Green
- University of Pittsburgh Health Sciences
| | - Lawrence P Kane
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert L Ferris
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Cancer Immunology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Harshman LC, Drake CG, Choueiri TK. PD-1 blockade in renal cell carcinoma: to equilibrium and beyond. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 2:1132-41. [PMID: 25480555 PMCID: PMC4695990 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The past several years have witnessed a resurgence of interest in cancer immunotherapy. The development of blocking antibodies against the inhibitory programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway represents a clinical breakthrough in the treatment of solid tumors such as melanoma, and these agents show great promise in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The early data have been surprising in that they demonstrate that blockade of a single immune checkpoint can elicit objective responses in patients with RCC, despite the recognized complexity of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Reinvigorating the patient's own immune cells to reactivate and to target the tumor has the potential advantages of more selective killing and thus decreased toxicity. In addition, checkpoint blockade immunotherapy has the advantage of inducing a memory response that is unattainable with our current cytotoxic and targeted therapies. This Crossroads overview will highlight the emerging investigation of PD-1 blockade in RCC and how this T cell-targeted strategy may thwart the tumor's escape mechanisms and shift the immune system/tumor balance back to a state of equilibrium and even to tumor elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Harshman
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Charles G Drake
- Department of Oncology and the Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Toni K Choueiri
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Wang M, Racine J, Zhang M, Wu T, Deng R, Johnston H, Shen C, Siswanto K, Zeng D. MHC-mismatched chimerism is required for induction of transplantation tolerance in autoimmune nonobese diabetic recipients. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:2005-15. [PMID: 25000982 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In nonautoimmune recipients, induction of mixed and complete chimerism with hematopoietic progenitor cells from MHC (HLA)-matched or -mismatched donors are effective approaches for induction of organ transplantation immune tolerance in both animal models and patients. But it is still unclear whether this is the case in autoimmune recipients. With the autoimmune diabetic NOD mouse model, we report that, although mixed and complete MHC-mismatched chimerism provide immune tolerance to donor-type islet and skin transplants, neither mixed nor complete MHC-matched chimerism does. The MHC-mismatched chimerism not only tolerizes the de novo developed, but also the residual pre-existing host-type T cells in a mismatched MHC class II-dependent manner. In the MHC-mismatched chimeras, the residual host-type peripheral T cells appear to be anergic with upregulation of PD-1 and downregulation of IL-7Rα. Conversely, in the MHC-matched chimeras, the residual host-type peripheral T cells manifest both alloreactivity and autoreactivity; they not only mediate insulitis and sialitis in the recipient, but also reject allogeneic donor-type islet and skin grafts. Interestingly, transgenic autoreactive BDC2.5 T cells from Rag1(+/+), but not from Rag1(-/-), NOD mice show alloreactivity and mediate both insulitis and rejection of allografts. Taken together, MHC-mismatched, but not MHC-matched, chimerism can effectively provide transplantation immune tolerance in autoimmune recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Department of Diabetes Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010; Department of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Jeremy Racine
- Department of Diabetes Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010; Department of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010; Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Mingfeng Zhang
- Department of Diabetes Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010; Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Diabetes Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010; Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; and
| | - Ruishu Deng
- Department of Diabetes Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Heather Johnston
- Department of Diabetes Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010; Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Christine Shen
- Eugene and Ruth Roberts Summer Student Academy of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Kathleen Siswanto
- Eugene and Ruth Roberts Summer Student Academy of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Defu Zeng
- Department of Diabetes Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010; Department of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010; Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010;
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Sun S, Fei X, Mao Y, Wang X, Garfield DH, Huang O, Wang J, Yuan F, Sun L, Yu Q, Jin X, Wang J, Shen K. PD-1(+) immune cell infiltration inversely correlates with survival of operable breast cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:395-406. [PMID: 24514954 PMCID: PMC11029035 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The programmed death-1 (PD-1) molecule is mainly expressed on functionally "exhausted" CD8(+) T cells, dampening the host antitumor immune response. We evaluated the ratio between effective and regulatory T cells (Tregs) and PD-1 expression as a prognostic factor for operable breast cancer patients. A series of 218 newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer patients who had undergone primary surgery at Ruijin Hospital were identified. The influence of CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes, FOXP3(+) (Treg cell marker), and PD-1(+) immune cell counts on prognosis was analyzed utilizing immunohistochemistry. Both PD-1(+) immune cells and FOXP3(+) Tregs counts were significantly associated with unfavorable prognostic factors. In bivariate, but not multivariate analysis, high tumor infiltrating PD-1(+) cell counts correlated with significantly shorter patient survival. Our results suggest a prognostic value of the PD-1(+) immune cell population in such breast cancer patients. Targeting the PD-1 pathway may be a feasible approach to treating patients with breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/analysis
- Apoptosis/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Breast Neoplasms/surgery
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/chemistry
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/radiotherapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery
- Carcinoma, Lobular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/mortality
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/radiotherapy
- Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/analysis
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lymphocyte Count
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/chemistry
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Mastectomy
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/analysis
- Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
- Survival Analysis
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/chemistry
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/chemistry
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/chemistry
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyou Sun
- Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Shanghai, 200025 China
- Linyi People’s Hospital, General Surgery Ward 3, Linyi, 276003 Shandong China
| | - Xiaochun Fei
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Yan Mao
- Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - David H. Garfield
- Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Shanghai, 200025 China
- Promed Cancer Centers-Shanghai, Shanghai, 200020 China
| | - Ou Huang
- Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Jinglong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Fei Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Long Sun
- Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Qixiang Yu
- Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Xiaolong Jin
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Kunwei Shen
- Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Shanghai, 200025 China
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2 Road, Shanghai, China
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46
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Gros A, Robbins PF, Yao X, Li YF, Turcotte S, Tran E, Wunderlich JR, Mixon A, Farid S, Dudley ME, Hanada KI, Almeida JR, Darko S, Douek DC, Yang JC, Rosenberg SA. PD-1 identifies the patient-specific CD8⁺ tumor-reactive repertoire infiltrating human tumors. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2246-59. [PMID: 24667641 DOI: 10.1172/jci73639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 823] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can mediate regression of metastatic melanoma; however, TILs are a heterogeneous population, and there are no effective markers to specifically identify and select the repertoire of tumor-reactive and mutation-specific CD8⁺ lymphocytes. The lack of biomarkers limits the ability to study these cells and develop strategies to enhance clinical efficacy and extend this therapy to other malignancies. Here, we evaluated unique phenotypic traits of CD8⁺ TILs and TCR β chain (TCRβ) clonotypic frequency in melanoma tumors to identify patient-specific repertoires of tumor-reactive CD8⁺ lymphocytes. In all 6 tumors studied, expression of the inhibitory receptors programmed cell death 1 (PD-1; also known as CD279), lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3; also known as CD223), and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) on CD8⁺ TILs identified the autologous tumor-reactive repertoire, including mutated neoantigen-specific CD8⁺ lymphocytes, whereas only a fraction of the tumor-reactive population expressed the costimulatory receptor 4-1BB (also known as CD137). TCRβ deep sequencing revealed oligoclonal expansion of specific TCRβ clonotypes in CD8⁺PD-1⁺ compared with CD8⁺PD-1- TIL populations. Furthermore, the most highly expanded TCRβ clonotypes in the CD8⁺ and the CD8⁺PD-1⁺ populations recognized the autologous tumor and included clonotypes targeting mutated antigens. Thus, in addition to the well-documented negative regulatory role of PD-1 in T cells, our findings demonstrate that PD-1 expression on CD8⁺ TILs also accurately identifies the repertoire of clonally expanded tumor-reactive cells and reveal a dual importance of PD-1 expression in the tumor microenvironment.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2
- Humans
- Male
- Melanoma/genetics
- Melanoma/immunology
- Melanoma/pathology
- Melanoma/therapy
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/genetics
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 Protein
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47
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Zhang J, Braun MY. PD-1 deletion restores susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in miR-155-deficient mice. Int Immunol 2014; 26:407-15. [PMID: 24648472 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxu043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MiR-155 (-/-) mice are highly resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), while Pdcd1 (-/-) mice develop a more severe form of the disease. To determine the conflicting roles of these two molecules in the disease, we generated miR-155 (-/-) Pdcd1 (-/-) double knockout (DKO) mice. We found that ablation of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) expression in miR-155-deficient mice restored the susceptibility to EAE. The increased severity of the disease in DKO mice was accompanied by an enhanced T-cell infiltration into the brain as well as an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-17. Furthermore, the major contribution of the DKO to EAE was T-cell intrinsic since adoptive transfer of CD4(+) T cells from DKO donors promoted the disease in lymphopenic recipients. These results define PD-1 deficiency in miR-155 (-/-) mice as a promoting factor of autoimmune inflammation by increasing antigen-driven T-cell expansion and infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhang
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies 1420, Belgium Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Michel Y Braun
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies 1420, Belgium
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48
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Rooke R. Can calcium signaling be harnessed for cancer immunotherapy? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2334-40. [PMID: 24524821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Experimental evidence shows the importance of the immune system in controlling tumor appearance and growth. Immunotherapy is defined as the treatment of a disease by inducing, enhancing or suppressing an immune response. In the context of cancer treatment, it involves breaking tolerance to a cancer-specific self-antigen and/or enhancing the existing anti-tumor immune response, be it specific or not. Part of the complexity in developing such treatment is that cancers are selected to escape adaptive or innate immune responses. These escape mechanisms are numerous and they may cumulate in one cancer. Moreover, different cancers of a same type may present different combinations of escape mechanisms. The limited success of immunotherapeutics in the clinic as stand-alone products may in part be explained by the fact that most of them only activate one facet of the immune response. It is important to identify novel methods to broaden the efficacy of immunotherapeutics. Calcium signaling is central to numerous cellular processes, leading to immune responses, cancer growth and apoptosis induced by cancer treatments. Calcium signaling in cancer therapy and control will be integrated to current cancer immunotherapy approaches. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Calcium Signaling in Health and Disease. Guest Editors: Geert Bultynck, Jacques Haiech, Claus W. Heizmann, Joachim Krebs, and Marc Moreau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Rooke
- Transgene SA, 400Bd Gonthier d'Andernach, Parc d'Innovation, CS80166, 67405 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France.
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49
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Peranzoni E, Rivas-Caicedo A, Bougherara H, Salmon H, Donnadieu E. Positive and negative influence of the matrix architecture on antitumor immune surveillance. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:4431-48. [PMID: 23649148 PMCID: PMC11113382 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The migration of T cells and access to tumor antigens is of utmost importance for the induction of protective anti-tumor immunity. Once having entered a malignant site, T cells encounter a complex environment composed of non-tumor cells along with the extracellular matrix (ECM). It is now well accepted that a deregulated ECM favors tumor progression and metastasis. Recent progress in imaging technologies has also highlighted the impact of the matrix architecture found in solid tumor on immune cells and especially T cells. In this review, we argue that the ability of T cells to mount an antitumor response is dependent on the matrix structure, more precisely on the balance between pro-migratory reticular fiber networks and unfavorable migration zones composed of dense and aligned ECM structures. Thus, the matrix architecture, that has long been considered to merely provide the structural framework of connective tissues, can play a key role in facilitating or suppressing the antitumor immune surveillance. A new challenge in cancer therapy will be to develop approaches aimed at altering the architecture of the tumor stroma, rendering it more permissive to antitumor T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Peranzoni
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Cnrs UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Ana Rivas-Caicedo
- Alta Tecnología en Laboratorios SA de CV, Comoporis #45, El Caracol, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Houcine Bougherara
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Cnrs UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Hélène Salmon
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Emmanuel Donnadieu
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Cnrs UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
- Département d’Immunologie et d’Hématologie, Institut Cochin, 22 Rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France
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50
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Coinhibitory molecule PD-1 as a potential target for the immunotherapy of multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2013; 28:993-1000. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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