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Nunes PF, da Cruz Coelho E, da Silva JR, da Silva Costa CC, Sampaio RMA, Frade PCR, Ponteira NA, da Cruz SS, Seabra AD, Carneiro DM, Burbano RMR, Martins LC. Hepatitis C and Human Pegivirus Coinfection in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C from the Brazilian Amazon Region: Prevalence, Genotypes and Clinical Data. Viruses 2023; 15:1892. [PMID: 37766298 PMCID: PMC10536978 DOI: 10.3390/v15091892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coinfection of HPgV-1 with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is common due to shared modes of transmission, with a prevalence of HPgV-1 viremia of approximately 20% among individuals with chronic HCV infection. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of HPgV-1 RNA and circulating genotypes in patients with hepatitis C from a health service located in the city of Belém, in the state of Pará, Northern Brazil. A total of 147 samples were included in the study from February to December 2019. Among the participants, 72.1% (106/147) were monoinfected with HCV, with detectable HCV viral RNA, and 27.9% (41/147) were coinfected with HCV/HPgV-1. The most frequently found genotypes were HPgV-1 genotypes 1 and 2 (36.6% and 63.4%), respectively. While for HCV there was a predominance of genotypes 1 and 3 (58.5% and 41.5%). No significant differences were found when comparing any risk, sociodemographic, or clinical factors between groups. Also, there was no statistically significant difference when relating the viral genotypes of both agents. This study indicated that the prevalence of infection by HPgV-1 is high in HCV carriers in Belém, Pará, and probably does not change the clinical course of HCV infection, however, further studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Ferreira Nunes
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Laboratório de Patologia Clínica das Doenças Tropicais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil; (E.d.C.C.); (J.R.d.S.); (C.C.d.S.C.); (R.M.A.S.); (P.C.R.F.); (N.A.P.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Evelen da Cruz Coelho
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Laboratório de Patologia Clínica das Doenças Tropicais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil; (E.d.C.C.); (J.R.d.S.); (C.C.d.S.C.); (R.M.A.S.); (P.C.R.F.); (N.A.P.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Joseane Rodrigues da Silva
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Laboratório de Patologia Clínica das Doenças Tropicais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil; (E.d.C.C.); (J.R.d.S.); (C.C.d.S.C.); (R.M.A.S.); (P.C.R.F.); (N.A.P.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Camila Carla da Silva Costa
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Laboratório de Patologia Clínica das Doenças Tropicais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil; (E.d.C.C.); (J.R.d.S.); (C.C.d.S.C.); (R.M.A.S.); (P.C.R.F.); (N.A.P.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Regiane Miranda Arnund Sampaio
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Laboratório de Patologia Clínica das Doenças Tropicais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil; (E.d.C.C.); (J.R.d.S.); (C.C.d.S.C.); (R.M.A.S.); (P.C.R.F.); (N.A.P.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Paula Cristina Rodrigues Frade
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Laboratório de Patologia Clínica das Doenças Tropicais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil; (E.d.C.C.); (J.R.d.S.); (C.C.d.S.C.); (R.M.A.S.); (P.C.R.F.); (N.A.P.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Nagib Abdon Ponteira
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Laboratório de Patologia Clínica das Doenças Tropicais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil; (E.d.C.C.); (J.R.d.S.); (C.C.d.S.C.); (R.M.A.S.); (P.C.R.F.); (N.A.P.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Samara Silveira da Cruz
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Ophir Loyola, Belém 66063-240, PA, Brazil; (S.S.d.C.); (A.D.S.); (D.M.C.); (R.M.R.B.)
| | - Aline Damasceno Seabra
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Ophir Loyola, Belém 66063-240, PA, Brazil; (S.S.d.C.); (A.D.S.); (D.M.C.); (R.M.R.B.)
| | - Debora Monteiro Carneiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Ophir Loyola, Belém 66063-240, PA, Brazil; (S.S.d.C.); (A.D.S.); (D.M.C.); (R.M.R.B.)
| | - Rommel Mario Rodriguez Burbano
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Ophir Loyola, Belém 66063-240, PA, Brazil; (S.S.d.C.); (A.D.S.); (D.M.C.); (R.M.R.B.)
| | - Luisa Caricio Martins
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Laboratório de Patologia Clínica das Doenças Tropicais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil; (E.d.C.C.); (J.R.d.S.); (C.C.d.S.C.); (R.M.A.S.); (P.C.R.F.); (N.A.P.); (L.C.M.)
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Zimmerman J, Blackard JT. Human pegivirus type 1 infection in Asia-A review of the literature. Rev Med Virol 2021; 32:e2257. [PMID: 34038600 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The human pegivirus type 1 (HPgV-1)-as known as hepatitis G virus and GB virus C-is a common single-stranded RNA flavivirus. Because few studies have demonstrated an association between HPgV-1 infection and disease, screening for HPgV-1 is not performed routinely. Nonetheless, a beneficial impact of HPgV-1 infection on HIV disease progression has been reported in multiple studies. Given the burden of HIV in Asia and the complex interactions between viral co-infections and the host, we provide a comprehensive overview of the existing data from Asia on HPgV-1 infection, including the prevalence and circulating genotypes in all Asian countries with data reported. This review highlights the research conducted thus far and emphasizes the need for additional studies on HPgV-1 across the Asian continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Zimmerman
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jason T Blackard
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Tumbo AM, Schindler T, Dangy JP, Orlova-Fink N, Bieri JR, Mpina M, Milando FA, Juma O, Hamad A, Nyakarungu E, Chemba M, Mtoro A, Ramadhan K, Olotu A, Makweba D, Mgaya S, Stuart K, Perreau M, Stapleton JT, Jongo S, Hoffman SL, Tanner M, Abdulla S, Daubenberger C. Role of human Pegivirus infections in whole Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite vaccination and controlled human malaria infection in African volunteers. Virol J 2021; 18:28. [PMID: 33499880 PMCID: PMC7837505 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01500-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diverse vaccination outcomes and protection levels among different populations pose a serious challenge to the development of an effective malaria vaccine. Co-infections are among many factors associated with immune dysfunction and sub-optimal vaccination outcomes. Chronic, asymptomatic viral infections can contribute to the modulation of vaccine efficacy through various mechanisms. Human Pegivirus-1 (HPgV-1) persists in immune cells thereby potentially modulating immune responses. We investigated whether Pegivirus infection influences vaccine-induced responses and protection in African volunteers undergoing whole P. falciparum sporozoites-based malaria vaccination and controlled human malaria infections (CHMI). METHODS HPgV-1 prevalence was quantified by RT-qPCR in plasma samples of 96 individuals before, post vaccination with PfSPZ Vaccine and after CHMI in cohorts from Tanzania and Equatorial Guinea. The impact of HPgV-1 infection was evaluated on (1) systemic cytokine and chemokine levels measured by Luminex, (2) PfCSP-specific antibody titers quantified by ELISA, (3) asexual blood-stage parasitemia pre-patent periods and parasite multiplication rates, (4) HPgV-1 RNA levels upon asexual blood-stage parasitemia induced by CHMI. RESULTS The prevalence of HPgV-1 was 29.2% (28/96) and sequence analysis of the 5' UTR and E2 regions revealed the predominance of genotypes 1, 2 and 5. HPgV-1 infection was associated with elevated systemic levels of IL-2 and IL-17A. Comparable vaccine-induced anti-PfCSP antibody titers, asexual blood-stage multiplication rates and pre-patent periods were observed in HPgV-1 positive and negative individuals. However, a tendency for higher protection levels was detected in the HPgV-1 positive group (62.5%) compared to the negative one (51.6%) following CHMI. HPgV-1 viremia levels were not significantly altered after CHMI. CONCLUSIONS HPgV-1 infection did not alter PfSPZ Vaccine elicited levels of PfCSP-specific antibody responses and parasite multiplication rates. Ongoing HPgV-1 infection appears to improve to some degree protection against CHMI in PfSPZ-vaccinated individuals. This is likely through modulation of immune system activation and systemic cytokines as higher levels of IL-2 and IL17A were observed in HPgV-1 infected individuals. CHMI is safe and well tolerated in HPgV-1 infected individuals. Identification of cell types and mechanisms of both silent and productive infection in individuals will help to unravel the biology of this widely present but largely under-researched virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneth-Mwasi Tumbo
- Department of Intervention and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Clinical Immunology Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstr. 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Schindler
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Clinical Immunology Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstr. 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Dangy
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Clinical Immunology Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstr. 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nina Orlova-Fink
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Clinical Immunology Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstr. 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jose Raso Bieri
- Equatorial Guinea Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Equatorial Guinea
| | - Maximillian Mpina
- Department of Intervention and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Clinical Immunology Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstr. 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Equatorial Guinea Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Equatorial Guinea
| | - Florence A Milando
- Department of Intervention and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Omar Juma
- Department of Intervention and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Ali Hamad
- Department of Intervention and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
- Equatorial Guinea Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Equatorial Guinea
| | - Elizabeth Nyakarungu
- Department of Intervention and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
- Equatorial Guinea Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Equatorial Guinea
| | - Mwajuma Chemba
- Department of Intervention and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
- Equatorial Guinea Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Equatorial Guinea
| | - Ali Mtoro
- Department of Intervention and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
- Equatorial Guinea Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Equatorial Guinea
| | - Kamaka Ramadhan
- Department of Intervention and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
- Equatorial Guinea Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Equatorial Guinea
| | - Ally Olotu
- Department of Intervention and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
- Equatorial Guinea Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Equatorial Guinea
| | - Damas Makweba
- Dar-Es-Salaam Institute of Technology, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania
- Tanzania Education and Research Networks, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania
- Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Stephen Mgaya
- Tanzania Education and Research Networks, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania
- Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Kenneth Stuart
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue, N. Suite 500, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | | | - Jack T Stapleton
- Iowa City Veterans Administration and the University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Said Jongo
- Department of Intervention and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
- Equatorial Guinea Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Equatorial Guinea
| | | | - Marcel Tanner
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Clinical Immunology Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstr. 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Salim Abdulla
- Department of Intervention and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
- Equatorial Guinea Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Equatorial Guinea
| | - Claudia Daubenberger
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Clinical Immunology Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstr. 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Savassi-Ribas F, Pereira JG, Horta MAP, Wagner TCS, Matuck TA, Monteiro de Carvalho DB, Mello FCA, Varella RB, Soares CC. Human pegivirus-1 infection in kidney transplant recipients: A single-center experience. J Med Virol 2020; 92:2961-2968. [PMID: 32167183 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage renal disease. In the posttransplant period, the induced immunosuppression leads to an increased risk of developing infectious diseases, a leading cause of death after kidney transplantation. Human pegivirus-1 (HPgV-1) is considered a nonpathogenic human virus and is highly frequent in individuals parenterally exposed, however, its impact on kidney transplantation outcome is poorly understood. Given the scarcity of epidemiological data for this infection on organ recipients in Brazil, we conducted a study in a single center for kidney transplantation in Rio de Janeiro, aiming to determine HPgV-1 prevalence and genotypic distribution. Serum samples from 61 renal recipients, followed up for the first year after transplantation, were evaluated for viral RNA and genotypes were determined by sequencing of the 5'-untranslated region. HPgV-1 RNA was detected in 36.1% (22/61) of patients. Genotype 2 was the most commonly found (80.9%), followed by genotypes 3 (9.5%), 1, and 5, in 4.8% each. Statistical comparisons did not reveal any significant impact of HPgV-1 in patient outcome. Further epidemiologic studies are needed to understand if immunosuppression may interfere in HPgV-1 persistence rates and if viremia might impact graft dysfunction rates in kidney recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Savassi-Ribas
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Jessica G Pereira
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marco A P Horta
- BSL-3 Platform, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tereza C S Wagner
- Service of Renal Transplantation, Rio de Janeiro State Center of Transplantation, São Francisco na Providência de Deus Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tereza A Matuck
- Service of Renal Transplantation, Rio de Janeiro State Center of Transplantation, São Francisco na Providência de Deus Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Deise B Monteiro de Carvalho
- Service of Renal Transplantation, Rio de Janeiro State Center of Transplantation, São Francisco na Providência de Deus Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisco C A Mello
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael B Varella
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Caroline C Soares
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Silva ADSN, Silva CP, Barata RR, da Silva PVR, Monteiro PDJ, Lamarão L, Burbano RMR, Nunes MRT, de Lima PDL. Human pegivirus (HPgV, GBV-C) RNA in volunteer blood donors from a public hemotherapy service in Northern Brazil. Virol J 2020; 17:153. [PMID: 33054824 PMCID: PMC7556973 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human pegivirus (HPgV)-formerly known as GBV-C-is a member of the Flaviviridae family and belongs to the species Pegivirus C. It is a non-pathogenic virus and is transmitted among humans mainly through the exposure to contaminated blood and is often associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, among other viruses. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HPgV viremia, its association with HIV and clinical epidemiological factors, as well as the full-length sequencing and genome characterization of HPgV recovered from blood donors of the HEMOPA Foundation in Belém-PA-Brazil. METHODS Plasma samples were obtained from 459 donors, tested for the presence of HPgV RNA by the RT-qPCR. From these, a total of 26 RT-qPCR positive samples were submitted to the NGS sequencing approach in order to obtain the full genome. Genome characterization and phylogenetic analysis were conducted. RESULTS The prevalence of HPgV was 12.42%. We observed the highest prevalences among donors aged between 18 and 30 years old (16.5%), with brown skin color (13.2%) and men (15.8%). The newly diagnosed HIV-1 prevalence was 26.67%. The HPgV genotype 2 (2a and 2b) was identified. No data on viral load value was found to corroborate the protective effect of HPgV on HIV evolution. CONCLUSIONS This study provided information regarding the HPgV infection among blood donors from HEMOPA Foundation. Furthermore, we genetically characterized the HPgV circulating strains and described by the first time nearly complete genomes of genotype 2 in Brazilian Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniel de Sarom Negrão Silva
- Center for Life Science and Health, Pará State University, Travessa. Perebebuí, 2623, Marco, Belém, Pará, 66087-662, Brazil.
| | - Clayton Pereira Silva
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Rodovia BR-316, km 7 s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua , Pará, 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ribeiro Barata
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Rodovia BR-316, km 7 s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua , Pará, 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Pedro Victor Reis da Silva
- Center for Life Science and Health, Pará State University, Travessa. Perebebuí, 2623, Marco, Belém, Pará, 66087-662, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Danin Jordão Monteiro
- Foundation Center for Hemotherapy and Hematology of Pará (HEMOPA Foundation), Travessa Padre Eutíquio, 2109, Batista Campos, Belém, Pará, 66033-000, Brazil
| | - Letícia Lamarão
- Foundation Center for Hemotherapy and Hematology of Pará (HEMOPA Foundation), Travessa Padre Eutíquio, 2109, Batista Campos, Belém, Pará, 66033-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Patrícia Danielle Lima de Lima
- Center for Life Science and Health, Pará State University, Travessa. Perebebuí, 2623, Marco, Belém, Pará, 66087-662, Brazil
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Slavov SN, Maraninchi Silveira R, Hespanhol MR, Sauvage V, Rodrigues ES, Fontanari Krause L, Bittencourt HT, Caro V, Laperche S, Covas DT, Kashima S. Human pegivirus-1 (HPgV-1) RNA prevalence and genotypes in volunteer blood donors from the Brazilian Amazon. Transfus Clin Biol 2019; 26:234-239. [PMID: 31277987 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of Human Pegivirus-1 (HPgV-1) viremia and genotype diversity among healthy blood donors from the Eastern Brazilian Amazon (city of Macapá, State of Amapá). There is little information for prevalence and circulation of HPgV-1 in this remote Brazilian region. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a study evaluating the HPgV-1 RNA prevalence and circulating genotypes in 431 volunteer blood donors originating from the Eastern Brazilian Amazon. The obtained HPgV-1 positive samples were submitted to sequencing and genotyping analysis in order to examine the genotype diversity of this virus in the Brazilian Amazon. RESULTS Our results demonstrated a prevalence of HPgV-1 RNA in 9.5% of the tested blood donors. The phylogenetic analyses of the detected positive samples showed the presence of HPgV-1 genotypes 1, 2 and 3. The most frequently detected genotype was 2 (78.0% of the cases) represented by sub-genotypes 2A (39.0%) and 2B (39.0%). At lower rates, genotypes 1 (14.6%) and 3 (7.4%) were also detected. CONCLUSION Our results revealed the presence of genotypes with European, Asiatic and African endemicity in Amazonian blood donors, probably due to the complex miscegenation processes that took place in this Brazilian region. More investigations, including information for the prevalence of HPgV-1 RNA in blood donors from other Latin American countries are needed to estimate the viremic rates and genotype distribution of this virus in a highly diverse continent like South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Slavov
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - R Maraninchi Silveira
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M R Hespanhol
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V Sauvage
- Institut national de la transfusion Sanguine (INTS), département d'études des Agents transmissibles par le sang (DATS), Centre national de référence risques infectieux transfusionnels, 75015 Paris, France
| | - E S Rodrigues
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Fontanari Krause
- Laboratory of Biosciences, Franciscan University, 97010-030 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - H T Bittencourt
- Institute of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amapá, 68900-074 Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - V Caro
- Pole for Genotyping of Pathogens (PGP), Laboratory for Urgent Response to Biological Threats, Environment and Infectious Risks Research and Expertise Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - S Laperche
- Institut national de la transfusion Sanguine (INTS), département d'études des Agents transmissibles par le sang (DATS), Centre national de référence risques infectieux transfusionnels, 75015 Paris, France
| | - D T Covas
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Kashima
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Molecular and Clinical Profiles of Human Pegivirus Type 1 Infection in Individuals Living with HIV-1 in the Extreme South of Brazil. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8048670. [PMID: 31309117 PMCID: PMC6594344 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8048670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Human pegivirus type 1 (HPgV-1) infection has been associated with a beneficial effect on the prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-coinfected individuals. However, the mechanisms involved in this protection are not yet fully elucidated. To date, circulating HPgV-1 genotypes in HIV-1-infected individuals have not yet been identified in the extreme south of Brazil. The present study aimed to determine the genotypic circulation of HPgV-1 and the influence of HPgV-1 status and persistence time on the evolution of HIV-1 infection. A retrospective cohort of 110 coinfected individuals was analyzed. Samples were subjected to viral RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, nested PCR, and genotyping. Genotypes 1 (2.8%), 2 (47.9% of subtype 2a and 42.3% of subtype 2b), and 3 (7%) were identified. In antiretroviral treatment-naïve subjects HPgV-1 subtype 2b was associated with lower HIV-1 viral load (VL) rates (p = 0.04) and higher CD4+ T-cell counts (p = 0.03) than was subtype 2a, and the positivity for HPgV-1 was associated with higher CD4+ T-cell counts (p = 0.02). However, there was no significant difference in HIV-1 VL between HPgV-1-positive and HPgV-1-negative subjects (p = 0.08). There was no significant association between the different groups in HPgV-1 persistence and median HIV-1 VL (p = 0.66) or CD4+ T-cell counts (p = 0.15). HPgV-1 subtype 2b is associated with better prognosis of HIV-1 infection. Although HPgV-1 infection is persistent, our data suggest that the time of infection does not influence HIV-1 VL or CD4+ T-cell counts in coinfected subjects.
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Human pegivirus-1 (HPgV-1, GBV-C) RNA prevalence and genotype diversity among volunteer blood donors from an intra-hospital hemotherapy service in Southern Brazil. Transfus Apher Sci 2019; 58:174-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Da Mota LD, Finger-Jardim F, Silva CM, Germano FN, Nader MM, Gonçalves CV, Da Hora VP, Silveira J, Basso RP, Soares MA, Martínez AMB. High prevalence and autochtonous transmission of human pegivirus (HPgV-1) in blood donors in the extreme southern of Brazil. J Med Virol 2018; 91:31-37. [PMID: 30133818 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that human pegivirus 1 (HPgV-1) may have some pathogenic potential. In the southernmost region of Brazil, studies on HPgV-1 are scarce, and circulating genotypes have not yet been identified. The current study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HPgV-1 among blood donors from the southernmost region of Brazil and identify the genotypes involved with associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 281 blood donors, who had their plasma subjected to RNA extraction, complementary DNA synthesis, HPgV-1 detection by nested polymerase chain reaction, and subsequent genotyping. The observed prevalence of HPgV-1-RNA was 21.7%. The only variable that was significantly associated with virus infection was the relationship status of the donor. Single or no fixed partner blood donors were twice as likely to have HPgV-1 (95% CI, 1.12 to 4.56; P = 0.02). Genotype 2-subtypes 2b (69%) and 2a (29%)-was the most prevalent. In the absence of risk factors for parenteral transmission, it is likely that sexual transmission was the route of infection in the individuals studied. Further work will be needed to determine whether this virus is inert in the population, or if there are potential deleterious effects in infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa D Da Mota
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Finger-Jardim
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Cláudio M Silva
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Fabiana N Germano
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Institute of Health of Nova Friburgo, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maiba M Nader
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Carla Vitola Gonçalves
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Vanusa P Da Hora
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Jussara Silveira
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Rossana P Basso
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Soares
- Oncovirology Program, Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana M B Martínez
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
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10
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Singh S, Blackard JT. Human pegivirus (HPgV) infection in sub-Saharan Africa-A call for a renewed research agenda. Rev Med Virol 2017; 27. [PMID: 29148108 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The human pegivirus (HPgV)-formerly GB virus C-has a beneficial impact on HIV disease progression that has been described in multiple studies. Given the high prevalence of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa and the continuing need to suppress HIV replication, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the existing data on HPgV infection in sub-Saharan Africa, with a particular focus on studies of prevalence and the circulating HPgV genotypes. This review also highlights the need for additional studies of HPgV conducted on the African continent and proposes a research agenda for evaluation of HPgV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivank Singh
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jason T Blackard
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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11
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N'Guessan KF, Anderson M, Phinius B, Moyo S, Malick A, Mbangiwa T, Choga WT, Makhema J, Marlink R, Essex M, Musonda R, Gaseitsiwe S, Blackard JT. The Impact of Human Pegivirus on CD4 Cell Count in HIV-Positive Persons in Botswana. Open Forum Infect Dis 2017; 4:ofx222. [PMID: 29255726 PMCID: PMC5726461 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofx222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human pegiviruses (HPgV)-formerly known as hepatitis G virus or GB virus C (GBV-C)-are common single-stranded RNA viruses that may have a beneficial impact on slowing HIV disease progression. The data on HPgV in resource-limited regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa are scarce. Thus, we conducted the first study of HPgV in Botswana as part of a natural history study of HIV subtype C disease progression. Methods Plasma samples from 133 HIV-positive adults were evaluated for HPgV RNA, and the 5'UTR was sequenced to determine the HPgV genotype. Results HPgV RNA was detected in 41 (30.8%) individuals. While the presence of HPgV RNA had no impact on baseline HIV viral load, a significant difference in baseline CD4 cell count was observed. HPgV genotypes were determined for 27 individuals and included 5 individuals (18.5%) with genotype 1 and 22 (81.5%) with genotype 5. Baseline CD4 cell counts were significantly higher for persons infected with HPgV genotype 5 compared with genotype 1. Conclusions These data suggest that HPgV infection is common among HIV-positive individuals in Botswana and has a significant impact on CD4 cell count. This difference in CD4 cell count based on HPgV genotype suggests that HPgV genotype should be evaluated as a possible predictor of HIV disease progression and highlights the need for additional studies of this virus in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Motswedi Anderson
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.,Department of Biological Sciences, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Bonolo Phinius
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Sikhulile Moyo
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alyyah Malick
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.,Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tshepiso Mbangiwa
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.,School of Allied Health Professions, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Joseph Makhema
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard Marlink
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Max Essex
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rosemary Musonda
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Simani Gaseitsiwe
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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12
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Blackard JT, Ma G, Welge JA, Taylor LE, Mayer KH, Klein RS, Celentano DD, Sobel JD, Jamieson DJ, King CC. Cytokine/chemokine expression associated with Human Pegivirus (HPgV) infection in women with HIV. J Med Virol 2017; 89:1904-1911. [PMID: 28460153 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A beneficial impact of the Human Pegivirus (HPgV)-formerly called GB virus C (GBV-C)-on HIV disease progression has been reported previously. One possible mechanism by which HPgV inhibits HIV replication is an alteration of the cytokine/chemokine milieu. Their expression has not been specifically evaluated in women despite their influence on disease progression and the possibility of gender-based differences in expression. Moreover, the impact of HPgV genotype on cytokine/chemokine expression is unknown. Sera levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IFNγ, TNFα, IP-10, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and TGF-β1 were quantified in 150 HIV-positive women based on HPgV RNA status. Cytokines/chemokines with detection rates of at least 50% included IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IFNγ, TNFα, IP-10, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and TGF-β1 . Absolute values were significantly higher for HPgV positive compared to HPgV negative women for IL-7, IL-13, IL-12p70, and IFNγ. Absolute values were significantly lower for HPgV positive women for IL-4, IL-8, TGF-β1 , and IP-10. IFNγ values were higher for HPgV genotype 2 than for genotype 1 (P = 0.036). Further study of cytokine/chemokine regulation by HPgV may ultimately lead to the development of novel therapeutic agents to treat HIV infection and/or the design of vaccine strategies that mimic the "protective" effects of HPgV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Blackard
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Gang Ma
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey A Welge
- Departments of Psychiatry and Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lynn E Taylor
- Miriam Hospital and Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kenneth H Mayer
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and the Fenway Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert S Klein
- Hudson Infectious Diseases Associates, Briarcliff Manor, New York
| | - David D Celentano
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jack D Sobel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Denise J Jamieson
- Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Caroline C King
- Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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13
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Ben Dhifallah I, Ayouni K, Chouiha A, Sadraoui A, Hogga N, Hammami W, Ben Yahya A, Triki H. Genotype Distribution and Prevalence of Human Pegivirus among High-Risk Populations in Tunisia. Intervirology 2017; 59:170-178. [PMID: 28132064 DOI: 10.1159/000454810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A recently discovered non-A-E hepatitis virus has been designated as human Pegivirus (HPgV). HPgV is prevalent in high-risk groups such as patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV), and it is of interest for patients who are at risk for transmitted infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of HPgV as well as the genotype distribution among patients in the Tunisian population who are infected with HCV and also in multitransfused patients. METHODS A total of 144 patients were screened using RTPCR/nested PCR of the 5'-untranslated region (UTR); 14 cases were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. RESULTS Seven (14.9%) subjects from the multitransfused group and 7 (7.2%) patients infected with HCV, respectively, were found positive for HPgV RNA. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 14 cases revealed that genotype 2a was the main genotype circulating in Tunisian patients. Genotype 2b was found in the amplified samples of 2 HCV-infected patients. CONCLUSION This study enriches the limited data on HPgV prevalence in Tunisia, and shows, for the first time, the molecular epidemiology of the circulating strains in this country.
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14
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Jõgeda EL, Huik K, Pauskar M, Kallas E, Karki T, Des Jarlais D, Uusküla A, Lutsar I, Avi R. Prevalence and genotypes of GBV-C and its associations with HIV infection among persons who inject drugs in Eastern Europe. J Med Virol 2016; 89:632-638. [PMID: 27603233 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the rate of GBV-C viremia, seropositivity, and genotypes among people who inject drugs (PWID) and healthy volunteers in Estonia and to evaluate associations between GBV-C and sociodemographic factors, intravenous drug use, co-infections. The study included 345 Caucasian PWID and 118 healthy volunteers. The presence of GBV-C RNA (viremia) was determined by reverse transcriptase-nested PCR in 5' long terminal repeat. PCR products were sequenced and genotyped by phylogenetic analysis. GBV-C seropositivity was determined by ELISA. One third of PWID (114/345) and 6% (7/118) of healthy volunteers (OR = 7.8, 95% CI = 3.5-20.5, P < 0.001) were GBV-C viremic. In PWID group, 79% of sequences belonged to subtype 2a, 19% to subtype 2b, and two remained unclassified. In healthy volunteers, six out of seven sequences belonged to subtype 2a and one to subtype 2b. We found HIV+ PWID to have two times increased odds of being GBV-C viremic compared to HIV- PWID (62% vs. 38%; OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.34-3.36, P = 0.001). In addition, odds of being GBV-C viremic decreased with increasing age (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.90-0.98, P = 0.001). HIV positivity remained associated with GBV-C viremia in multivariate analysis after adjustment for age (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.39-3.58, P = 0.001). GBV-C seropositivity was similar among PWID and healthy volunteers (2.3% vs. 1.7%, respectively; OR = 1.4, 95% CI =0.3-13.5, P = 1). In an Eastern European country we demonstrated that GBV-C viremia is common among PWID, but uncommon among healthy volunteers, and GBV-C seropositivity is infrequent among both groups. Similarly to other European countries and USA, GBV-C 2a is the most common genotype in Estonia. J. Med. Virol. 89:632-638, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ene-Ly Jõgeda
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kristi Huik
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Merit Pauskar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eveli Kallas
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõnis Karki
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Anneli Uusküla
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Irja Lutsar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Radko Avi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Kargar Kheirabad A, Bahri F, Kargar M, Ghasemzadeh I. Hepatitis C and G Virus Infection Prevalence Among Hemodialysis Patients and Associated Risk Factors in the Hormozgan Province of Southern Iran. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2016; 16:e40375. [PMID: 27882069 PMCID: PMC5111419 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.40375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with blood-borne viruses including hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis G (HGV) viruses is a substantial health problem. Varying prevalences of these infections in different studies reflect the role of predisposing risk factors in different countries or even different regions of a country. OBJECTIVES The objective of the present survey was to assess the prevalences of HCV and HGV virus infections among hemodialysis (HD) patients in Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran, 2015. METHODS A total of 149 subjects with chronic renal failure undergoing HD at Shahid Mohammadi hospital in the Hormozgan province of southern Iran from January 1, 2015 to March 31, 2015 were evaluated for anti-HCV and antibodies against HGV E2 glycoprotein by census sampling method. Thereafter, all of the specimens were evaluated for molecular assays using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and other techniques. Investigated data were recorded for each participant in a pre-designed data collection sheet. All statistical analyses were conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19 for Windows by t-test and chi-square test (χ2). RESULTS The mean age of patients was 56.23 ± 12.35 years (minimum age 18, maximum age 85). Both kinds of assays determined that five (3.36%) patients were HCV positive, whereas no HGV positives were diagnosed. The prevalence of HCV is associated with longer duration of HD (P value = 0.008), history of blood transfusion (P value = 0.037) and drug addiction (P value = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS History of drug addiction and/or blood transfusion and longer duration of HD treatment were the main risk factors determining the prevalence of HCV infection in the Hormozgan province of southern Iran in 2015. However, the values observed in the present investigation reflect the effective management techniques imposed by healthcare authorities and relevant organizations in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kargar Kheirabad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Fahime Bahri
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom Branch, Jahrom, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Kargar
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom Branch, Jahrom, IR Iran
| | - Iman Ghasemzadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Iman Ghasemzadeh, Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9122900572, E-mail:
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16
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Prasetyo AA, Dharmawan R, Raharjo I, Hudiyono. Human Leukocyte Antigen-E Alleles are Associated with Hepatitis C Virus, Torque Teno Virus, and Toxoplasma Co-infections but are not Associated with Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis D Virus, and GB Virus C Co-infections in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients. J Glob Infect Dis 2016; 8:75-81. [PMID: 27293362 PMCID: PMC4879794 DOI: 10.4103/0974-777x.182121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Data regarding the distribution of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-E alleles and their association with blood-borne pathogen infections/co-infections are limited for many populations, including Indonesia. Aims: The aim of this study was to analyze the association between HLA-E allelic variants and infection with blood-borne pathogens such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), torque teno virus (TTV), GB virus C (GBV-C), and Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in Indonesian Javanese human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. Settings and Design: A total of 320 anti-HIV-positive blood samples were analyzed for HBV, HCV, HDV, TTV, GBV-C, and T. gondii infection status and its association with HLA-E allelic variants. Materials and Methods: Nucleic acid was extracted from plasma samples and used for the molecular detection of HBV DNA, HCV RNA, HDV RNA, TTV DNA, and GBV-C RNA, whereas hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-HCV, immunoglobulin M and G (IgM and IgG) anti-T. gondii were detected through serological testing. The blood samples were genotyped for HLA-E loci using a sequence-specific primer-polymerase chain reaction. Statistical Analysis Used: Either the Chi-square or Fisher's exact test was performed to analyze the frequency of HLA-E alleles and blood-borne pathogen infections in the population. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to measure the association between the antibodies found and the participants’ possible risk behaviors. A logistic regression analysis was used to assess the associations. Results: HLA-E*101/0101 was associated with HCV/TTV co-infection (adjusted OR [aOR]: 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.156-10.734; P = 0.027) and IgM/IgG anti-Toxo positivity (aOR: 27.0; 95% CI: 3.626-200.472; P = 0.001). HLA-E*103/0103 was associated with TTV co-infection (aOR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.509-4.796; P = 0.001). Conclusions: HLA-E alleles in Indonesian Javanese HIV patients were found to be associated with HCV, TTV, and toxoplasma co-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afiono Agung Prasetyo
- A-IGIC (A-Infection, Genomic, Immunology & Cancer) Research Group, Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Indonesia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Indonesia; Center of Biotechnology and Biodiversity Research and Development, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ruben Dharmawan
- A-IGIC (A-Infection, Genomic, Immunology & Cancer) Research Group, Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Indonesia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Irvan Raharjo
- A-IGIC (A-Infection, Genomic, Immunology & Cancer) Research Group, Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hudiyono
- A-IGIC (A-Infection, Genomic, Immunology & Cancer) Research Group, Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Indonesia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Indonesia; Center of Biotechnology and Biodiversity Research and Development, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Indonesia
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17
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Da Mota LD, Nishiya AS, Finger-Jardim F, Barral MFM, Silva CM, Nader MM, Gonçalves CV, Da Hora VP, Silveira J, Basso RP, Soares MA, Levi JE, Martínez AMB. Prevalence of human pegivirus (HPgV) infection in patients carrying HIV-1C or non-C in southern Brazil. J Med Virol 2016; 88:2106-2114. [PMID: 27171504 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that coinfection with HPgV is a protective factor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, leading to slower disease progression, and longer survival after established disease. The present study sought to estimate the prevalence of HPgV infection and associated risk factors in patients harboring C or non-C HIV-1 subtypes followed-up at HU-FURG, southern Brazil. Samples from 347 HIV-1-infected subjects were subjected to plasma RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, HPgV RNA detection, and HIV-1 genotyping. The overall prevalence of HPgV RNA was 34%. Individuals aged 18-30 years had higher chances of infection compared with those 50 years or older (95%CI 1.18-52.36, P = 0.03). The number of sexual partner between one and three was a risk factor for HPgV infection (95%CI 1.54-10.23; P < 0.01), as well as the time since diagnosis of HIV-1 ≥ 11 years (95%CI 1.01-2.89; P = 0.04). Patients infected with HIV non-C subtypes had six times more chance of being HPgV-infected when compared to subtype C-infected subjects (95%CI 2.28-14.78; P < 0.01). This was the first study conducted in southern Brazil to find the circulation of HPgV. HIV/HPgV coinfection was associated with a longer survival among HIV+ patients. Of novelty, individuals infected by HIV non-C subtypes were more susceptible to HPgV infection. However, additional studies are needed to correlate the HIV-1 subtypes with HPgV infection and to clarify cellular and molecular pathways through which such associations are ruled. J. Med. Virol 88:2106-2114, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Dias Da Mota
- Medical School of the Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do sul, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Maria F M Barral
- Medical School of the Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do sul, Brazil
| | - Cláudio M Silva
- Medical School of the Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do sul, Brazil
| | - Maiba M Nader
- Medical School of the Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do sul, Brazil
| | | | - Vanusa P Da Hora
- Medical School of the Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do sul, Brazil
| | - Jussara Silveira
- Medical School of the Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do sul, Brazil
| | - Rossana P Basso
- Medical School of the Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Soares
- Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ana M B Martínez
- Medical School of the Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do sul, Brazil
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18
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Prasetyo AA, Sariyatun R, Reviono, Sari Y, Hudiyono, Haryati S, Adnan ZA, Hartono, Kageyama S. The APOBEC3B deletion polymorphism is associated with prevalence of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, Torque Teno virus, and Toxoplasma gondii co-infection among HIV-infected individuals. J Clin Virol 2015; 70:67-71. [PMID: 26305823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data regarding the influence of the APOBEC3B deletion on infectious diseases remain limited and shown discrepancies. OBJECTIVES To characterize the APOBEC3B deletion polymorphism status and its association with prevalence of co-infection with blood-borne pathogens in Indonesian HIV-infected individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 597 HIV-positive blood samples were tested for the hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Torque Teno virus (TTV), GB virus-C (GBV-C), and Toxoplasma gondii. Nucleic acid was extracted from plasma samples and used for the molecular detection of HIV RNA, HBV DNA, HCV RNA, TTV DNA, and GBV-C RNA, whereas HBsAg, anti-HCV, IgM and IgG anti-T. gondii were detected through serological testing. The APOBEC3B deletion polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS The deletion genotype was associated with HCV viremia (p<0.001) as well as elevated IgG anti-T. gondii (adjusted OR [aOR]=3.4). The deletion genotype was also associated with decreased levels of HBsAg (aOR=0.03), and anti-HCV (aOR=0.1). D/D was frequently found in HIV-infected individuals with CD4+T cells<14% (aOR=5.8). The intact genotype was associated with a reduced likelihood of a CD4+T cell count<200 cells/μL (aOR=0.2) but a higher prevalence of TTV co-infection (aOR=8.6). CONCLUSIONS The APOBEC3B deletion polymorphism was found to be associated with HBV, HCV, TTV, and T. gondii co-infection in Indonesian HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afiono Agung Prasetyo
- A-IGIC (A-Infection, Genomic, Immunology & Cancer) Research Group, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia; Center of Biotechnology and Biodiversity Research and Development, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia; Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia.
| | - Ratna Sariyatun
- A-IGIC (A-Infection, Genomic, Immunology & Cancer) Research Group, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia; Center of Biotechnology and Biodiversity Research and Development, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
| | - Reviono
- A-IGIC (A-Infection, Genomic, Immunology & Cancer) Research Group, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia; Department of Pulmonology Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
| | - Yulia Sari
- A-IGIC (A-Infection, Genomic, Immunology & Cancer) Research Group, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia; Center of Biotechnology and Biodiversity Research and Development, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia; Department of Parasitology Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
| | - Hudiyono
- A-IGIC (A-Infection, Genomic, Immunology & Cancer) Research Group, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia; Center of Biotechnology and Biodiversity Research and Development, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia; Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
| | - Sri Haryati
- A-IGIC (A-Infection, Genomic, Immunology & Cancer) Research Group, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia; Center of Biotechnology and Biodiversity Research and Development, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia; Department of Parasitology Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
| | - Zainal Arifin Adnan
- A-IGIC (A-Infection, Genomic, Immunology & Cancer) Research Group, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia; Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
| | - Hartono
- A-IGIC (A-Infection, Genomic, Immunology & Cancer) Research Group, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia; Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
| | - Seiji Kageyama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology (Division of Virology) Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
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Blackard JT, Ma G, Welge JA, King CC, Taylor LE, Mayer KH, Klein RS, Celentano DD, Sobel JD, Jamieson DJ, Gardner L. GB Virus C (GBV-C) Infection in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Seropositive Women with or at Risk for HIV Infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114467. [PMID: 25493916 PMCID: PMC4262414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background GB virus C (GBV-C) may have a beneficial impact on HIV disease progression; however, the epidemiologic characteristics of this virus are not well characterized. Behavioral factors and gender may lead to differential rates of GBV-C infection; yet, studies have rarely addressed GBV-C infections in women or racial/ethnic minorities. Therefore, we evaluated GBV-C RNA prevalence and genotype distribution in a large prospective study of high-risk women in the US. Results 438 hepatitis C virus (HCV) seropositive women, including 306 HIV-infected and 132 HIV-uninfected women, from the HIV Epidemiologic Research Study were evaluated for GBV-C RNA. 347 (79.2%) women were GBV-C RNA negative, while 91 (20.8%) were GBV-C RNA positive. GBV-C positive women were younger than GBV-C negative women. Among 306 HIV-infected women, 70 (22.9%) women were HIV/GBV-C co-infected. Among HIV-infected women, the only significant difference between GBV-negative and GBV-positive women was age (mean 38.4 vs. 35.1 years; p<0.001). Median baseline CD4 cell counts and plasma HIV RNA levels were similar. The GBV-C genotypes were 1 (n = 31; 44.3%), 2 (n = 36; 51.4%), and 3 (n = 3; 4.3%). The distribution of GBV-C genotypes in co-infected women differed significantly by race/ethnicity. However, median CD4 cell counts and log10 HIV RNA levels did not differ by GBV-C genotype. GBV-C incidence was 2.7% over a median follow-up of 2.9 (IQR: 1.5, 4.9) years, while GBV-C clearance was 35.7% over a median follow-up of 2.44 (1.4, 3.5) years. 4 women switched genotypes. Conclusions Age, injection drug use, a history of sex for money or drugs, and number of recent male sex partners were associated with GBV-C infection among all women in this analysis. However, CD4 cell count and HIV viral load of HIV/HCV/GBV-C co-infected women were not different although race was associated with GBV-C genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T. Blackard
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gang Ma
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A. Welge
- Departments of Psychiatry and Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Caroline C. King
- Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Lynn E. Taylor
- Miriam Hospital and Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Kenneth H. Mayer
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and the Fenway Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Robert S. Klein
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mt. Sinai St. Luke’s and Mt. Sinai Roosevelt Hospitals, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - David D. Celentano
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Jack D. Sobel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Denise J. Jamieson
- Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Lytt Gardner
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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Sibley SD, Lauck M, Bailey AL, Hyeroba D, Tumukunde A, Weny G, Chapman CA, O’Connor DH, Goldberg TL, Friedrich TC. Discovery and characterization of distinct simian pegiviruses in three wild African Old World monkey species. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98569. [PMID: 24918769 PMCID: PMC4053331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the Flaviviridae, the recently designated genus Pegivirus has expanded greatly due to new discoveries in bats, horses, and rodents. Here we report the discovery and characterization of three simian pegiviruses (SPgV) that resemble human pegivirus (HPgV) and infect red colobus monkeys (Procolobus tephrosceles), red-tailed guenons (Cercopithecus ascanius) and an olive baboon (Papio anubis). We have designated these viruses SPgVkrc, SPgVkrtg and SPgVkbab, reflecting their host species' common names, which include reference to their location of origin in Kibale National Park, Uganda. SPgVkrc and SPgVkrtg were detected in 47% (28/60) of red colobus and 42% (5/12) red-tailed guenons, respectively, while SPgVkbab infection was observed in 1 of 23 olive baboons tested. Infections were not associated with any apparent disease, despite the generally high viral loads observed for each variant. These viruses were monophyletic and equally divergent from HPgV and pegiviruses previously identified in chimpanzees (SPgVcpz). Overall, the high degree of conservation of genetic features among the novel SPgVs, HPgV and SPgVcpz suggests conservation of function among these closely related viruses. Our study describes the first primate pegiviruses detected in Old World monkeys, expanding the known genetic diversity and host range of pegiviruses and providing insight into the natural history of this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D. Sibley
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Michael Lauck
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Adam L. Bailey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Colin A. Chapman
- Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Anthropology and McGill School of Environment, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David H. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Tony L. Goldberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Thomas C. Friedrich
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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21
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Lee CK, Tang JWT, Chiu L, Loh TP, Olszyna D, Chew N, Archuleta S, Koay ESC. Epidemiology of GB virus type C among patients infected with HIV in Singapore. J Med Virol 2014; 86:737-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Kiat Lee
- Molecular Diagnosis Centre, Department of Laboratory Medicine; National University Hospital; Singapore
| | - Julian Wei-Tze Tang
- Alberta Provincial Laboratory for Public Health; University of Alberta Hospital; Edmonton Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology; University of Alberta; Edmonton Canada
| | - Lily Chiu
- Molecular Diagnosis Centre, Department of Laboratory Medicine; National University Hospital; Singapore
| | - Tze Ping Loh
- Clinical Chemistry; Department of Laboratory Medicine; National University Hospital; Singapore
| | - Dariusz Olszyna
- Department of Medicine; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore
- Division of Infectious Diseases; University Medicine Cluster; National University Hospital; Singapore
| | - Nicholas Chew
- Department of Medicine; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore
- Division of Infectious Diseases; University Medicine Cluster; National University Hospital; Singapore
| | - Sophia Archuleta
- Department of Medicine; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore
- Division of Infectious Diseases; University Medicine Cluster; National University Hospital; Singapore
| | - Evelyn Siew-Chuan Koay
- Molecular Diagnosis Centre, Department of Laboratory Medicine; National University Hospital; Singapore
- Department of Pathology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore
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Wu H, Tien P, Gong X. Phylogenetic diversity of GB virus C at the antigenic site of E2 protein. Virus Res 2013; 178:502-505. [PMID: 24512753 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids at position 267-298 in E2 protein of GB virus C (GBV-C) were recognized as the antigenic site, and peptides within the region were previously reported to have inhibitory effect on HIV entry. The effect of sequence variability between different types of GBV-C on the antigenic region of the E2 protein was studied by using phylogenetic analysis. Eighty-one unique sequences encompassing this region derived from all seven GBV-C genotypes were compared to each other in this study. The results showed that GBV-C E2 antigenic nucleotide sites belonging to genotype 3 clustered together regardless of synonymous or nonsynonmous sites in the region, whereas, GBV-C E2 antigenic nucleotide sites belonging to the other 6 genotypes clustered together regardless of genotypes. Despite the fact that GBV-C genotypes might confer different degree of 'protection' against HIV, the lack of clustering as a unique group based on the amino acid differences in the antigenic site among the six genotypes suggested some other genomic regions or secondary structure of E2 protein might have played a crucial role in determining the variable protection effect of GBV-C on HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Po Tien
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Intra-host diversity and emergence of unique GBV-C viral lineages in HIV infected subjects in central China. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48417. [PMID: 23152773 PMCID: PMC3495943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
GB virus C (GBV-C), which is highly prevalent among HIV/AIDS, seemed to slow the HIV disease progression. The HIV/GBV-C co-infected individuals may represent an interesting model for the investigation of the role played by HIV infection and/or the immune system in driving the evolution of the GBV-C viral populations. The present study investigated the prevalence and population dynamics of GB virus C in HIV infected individuals representing 13 geographic regions of Hubei Province of China. Approximately 37% of HIV-1 infected individuals were infected with GBV-C and genotype 3 is appeared to be predominant. Utilizing the 196 complete E2 nucleotide sequence data from 10 HIV/GBV-C infected individuals and employing coalescence based phylogenetic approaches; the present study has investigated the intra-host dynamics of GBV-C. The results revealed patient-specific unique GBV-C viral lineages and each viral lineage showed the evidence of rapid population expansion in respective HIV-1 infected patients, thus suggesting HIV-1 was unlikely to have been inhibiting effect on the GBV-C viral replication. GBV-C in all patients has experienced intense purifying selection, suggesting the GBV-C viral invasion and subsequent expansion within the HIV-1 infected hosts without any modification of the functional epitopes at their membrane protein. The finding of within host GBV-C recombinant sequences indicated recombination was one of the significant forces in the evolution and divergence of GBV-C.
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Prevalence of GB virus type C viraemia in MSM with or without HIV-1 infection in Beijing, China. Epidemiol Infect 2012; 140:2199-209. [PMID: 22444912 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268812000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
GB virus C (GBV-C) is frequently identified in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) due to the similar transmission routes. However, it remains unclear how these two viruses interact with each other and how one virus affects the replication of the other in the human body. In this study, we performed a case-control study to determine whether GBV-C viraemia could prevent the acquisition of HIV-1 infection, and a cohort study to determine the prevalence, genotypic characteristics and incidence of GBV-C infection in men who have sex with men (MSM) populations in Beijing, China. The prevalence of GBV-C infection in HIV-1-negative subjects was similar to that in HIV-1-positive subjects. Before HIV-1 acquisition, the prevalence of GBV-C was 17·7%, which increased to 27·2% at the acute stage and to 34% at the chronic stage. Genotype 3 was the major genotype of GBV-C in both groups. A significantly positive correlation was observed between the CD4+ T-cell counts and GBV-C viral loads at the acute stage of HIV infection. At the chronic stage (12 months later), this correlation was no longer significant, although it was still positive. Overall, this study demonstrated that pre-existing GBV-C viraemia could not prevent the acquisition of HIV-1 infection and transmission of HIV-1 significantly increased the prevalence of GBV-C viraemia.
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Alvarado-Mora MV, Botelho L, Nishiya A, Neto RA, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Gutierrez MF, Carrilho FJ, Pinho JRR. Frequency and genotypic distribution of GB virus C (GBV-C) among Colombian population with Hepatitis B (HBV) or Hepatitis C (HCV) infection. Virol J 2011; 8:345. [PMID: 21745373 PMCID: PMC3142244 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GB virus C (GBV-C) is an enveloped positive-sense ssRNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. Studies on the genetic variability of the GBV-C reveals the existence of six genotypes: genotype 1 predominates in West Africa, genotype 2 in Europe and America, genotype 3 in Asia, genotype 4 in Southwest Asia, genotype 5 in South Africa and genotype 6 in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and genotypic distribution of GBV-C in the Colombian population. METHODS Two groups were analyzed: i) 408 Colombian blood donors infected with HCV (n = 250) and HBV (n = 158) from Bogotá and ii) 99 indigenous people with HBV infection from Leticia, Amazonas. A fragment of 344 bp from the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) was amplified by nested RT PCR. Viral sequences were genotyped by phylogenetic analysis using reference sequences from each genotype obtained from GenBank (n = 160). Bayesian phylogenetic analyses were conducted using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach to obtain the MCC tree using BEAST v.1.5.3. RESULTS Among blood donors, from 158 HBsAg positive samples, eight 5.06% (n = 8) were positive for GBV-C and from 250 anti-HCV positive samples, 3.2%(n = 8) were positive for GBV-C. Also, 7.7% (n = 7) GBV-C positive samples were found among indigenous people from Leticia. A phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of the following GBV-C genotypes among blood donors: 2a (41.6%), 1 (33.3%), 3 (16.6%) and 2b (8.3%). All genotype 1 sequences were found in co-infection with HBV and 4/5 sequences genotype 2a were found in co-infection with HCV. All sequences from indigenous people from Leticia were classified as genotype 3. The presence of GBV-C infection was not correlated with the sex (p = 0.43), age (p = 0.38) or origin (p = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS It was found a high frequency of GBV-C genotype 1 and 2 in blood donors. The presence of genotype 3 in indigenous population was previously reported from Santa Marta region in Colombia and in native people from Venezuela and Bolivia. This fact may be correlated to the ancient movements of Asian people to South America a long time ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica V Alvarado-Mora
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Livia Botelho
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Raymundo A Neto
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michele S Gomes-Gouvêa
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria F Gutierrez
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Microbiology, Pontificia Javeriana University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Flair J Carrilho
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João RR Pinho
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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