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Li Z, Sun X. Epigenetic regulation in liver regeneration. Life Sci 2024; 353:122924. [PMID: 39038511 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The liver is considered unique in its enormous capacity for regeneration and self-repair. In contrast to other regenerative organs (i.e., skin, skeletal muscle, and intestine), whether the adult liver contains a defined department of stem cells is still controversial. In order to compensate for the massive loss of hepatocytes following liver injury, the liver processes a precisely controlled transcriptional reprogram that can trigger cell proliferation and cell-fate switch. Epigenetic events are thought to regulate the organization of chromatin architecture and gene transcription during the liver regenerative process. In this review, we will summarize how changes to the chromatin by epigenetic modifiers are translated into cell fate transitions to restore liver homeostasis during liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Li
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250117 Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021 Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Xinyue Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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de Haan LR, van Golen RF, Heger M. Molecular Pathways Governing the Termination of Liver Regeneration. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:500-558. [PMID: 38697856 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver has the unique capacity to regenerate, and up to 70% of the liver can be removed without detrimental consequences to the organism. Liver regeneration is a complex process involving multiple signaling networks and organs. Liver regeneration proceeds through three phases: the initiation phase, the growth phase, and the termination phase. Termination of liver regeneration occurs when the liver reaches a liver-to-body weight that is required for homeostasis, the so-called "hepatostat." The initiation and growth phases have been the subject of many studies. The molecular pathways that govern the termination phase, however, remain to be fully elucidated. This review summarizes the pathways and molecules that signal the cessation of liver regrowth after partial hepatectomy and answers the question, "What factors drive the hepatostat?" SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Unraveling the pathways underlying the cessation of liver regeneration enables the identification of druggable targets that will allow us to gain pharmacological control over liver regeneration. For these purposes, it would be useful to understand why the regenerative capacity of the liver is hampered under certain pathological circumstances so as to artificially modulate the regenerative processes (e.g., by blocking the cessation pathways) to improve clinical outcomes and safeguard the patient's life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne R de Haan
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China (L.R.d.H., M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, The Netherlands (L.R.d.H.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (R.F.v.G.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.H.); and Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.H.)
| | - Rowan F van Golen
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China (L.R.d.H., M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, The Netherlands (L.R.d.H.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (R.F.v.G.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.H.); and Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.H.)
| | - Michal Heger
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China (L.R.d.H., M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, The Netherlands (L.R.d.H.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (R.F.v.G.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.H.); and Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.H.)
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Zhuang X, Sun Z, Du H, Zhou T, Zou J, Fu W. Metformin inhibits high glucose-induced apoptosis of renal podocyte through regulating miR-34a/SIRT1 axis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1053. [PMID: 38270305 PMCID: PMC10797654 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported SIRT1 was inversely modulated by miR-34a, However, mechanism of metformin (MFN)'s renal podocyte protection under high glucose (HG) conditions and the connection between miR-34a and SIRT1 expression in diabetic nephropathy (DN) remain unclear. METHOD We aimed to further elucidate the role of miR-34a in HG-treated podocytes in DN. A conditionally immortalized human podocyte cell line was cultivated in d-glucose (30 mM). RESULTS Microarray and RT-qPCR revealed that miR-34a was downregulated in HG-treated podocytes. Additionally, miR-34a levels increased in MFN-treated HG-induced podocytes. CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, and Western blot detection showed that HG treatment reduced cell viability and promoted via HG treatment, and MFN treatment reversed this phenotypic change. MiR-34a upregulation caused restored cell viability and suppressed cell apoptosis in HG-treated podocytes, and miR-34a downregulation led to damaged cell survival and induced apoptosis in MFN-administered and HG-treated podocytes. The dual luciferase reporter assay showed that SIRT1 3'-UTR was a direct miR-34a target. Further studies demonstrated an elevation in SIRT1 levels in HG-exposed podocytes, whereas MFN treatment decreased SIRT1 levels. In addition, miR-34a upregulation led to reduced SIRT1 expression, whereas miR-34a inhibition increased SIRT1 levels in cells. MFN-induced miR-34a suppresses podocyte apoptosis under HG conditions by acting on SIRT1. CONCLUSION This study proposes a promising approach to interpret the mechanisms of action of the MFN-miR-34a axis involved in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhuang
- Department of DialysisLinyi Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalLinyiShandongChina
| | - Zhuye Sun
- Department of PharmacyRizhao Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineRizhaoShandongChina
| | - Huasheng Du
- Department of NephrologyQingdao Municipal HospitalQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Tianhui Zhou
- Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of DialysisLinyi Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalLinyiShandongChina
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Drug DispensingZibo Central HospitalZiboShandongChina
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4
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Kan Changez MI, Mubeen M, Zehra M, Samnani I, Abdul Rasool A, Mohan A, Wara UU, Tejwaney U, Kumar V. Role of microRNA in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a comprehensive review. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231197058. [PMID: 37676968 PMCID: PMC10492500 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231197058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent liver condition that affects people who do not overconsume alcohol. Uncertainties exist over how microRNAs (miRNAs) in the blood and liver relate to NAFLD. The aim of this narrative review was to investigate the role of miRNAs in the onset and progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) from NAFLD, and explore their potential as diagnostic tools and treatment targets for NAFLD patients. Liver miRNA-34a levels were found to accurately represent the degree of liver damage, with lower levels suggesting more damage. In patients with NAFLD and severe liver fibrosis, higher levels of miRNA-193a-5p and miRNA-378d were found. Moreover, miRNA-34a, miRNA-122, and miRNA-192 levels might aid in differentiating NASH from NAFLD. Similar to this, miRNA-21 and miRNA-27 levels in rats were able to distinguish between steatosis and steatohepatitis. High-fat diets enhanced the expression of 15 distinct miRNAs in rats, and there were substantial differences in the miRNA expression patterns between obese and lean people. The results from the present review imply that miRNA microarrays and sequencing may be helpful diagnostic tools, and miRNAs may be a possible treatment target for patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mah I Kan Changez
- Department of Medicine, Quetta Institute of Medical Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Mubeen
- Department of Medicine, Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Monezahe Zehra
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Inara Samnani
- Department of Medicine, Karachi Medical & Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Anmol Mohan
- Department of Medicine, Karachi Medical & Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Um Ul Wara
- Department of Medicine, Karachi Medical & Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Usha Tejwaney
- Department of Pharmacy, Valley Health System, New Jersey, USA
| | - Vikash Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, New York City, NY, USA
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Kern AE, Ortmayr G, Assinger A, Starlinger P. The role of microRNAs in the different phases of liver regeneration. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:959-973. [PMID: 37811642 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2267422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the first discovery of microRNAs (miRs) extensive evidence reveals their indispensable role in different patho-physiological processes. They are recognized as critical regulators of hepatic regeneration, as they modulate multiple complex signaling pathways affecting liver regeneration. MiR-related translational suppression and degradation of target mRNAs and proteins are not limited to one specific gene, but act on multiple targets. AREAS COVERED In this review, we are going to explore the role of miRs in the context of liver regeneration and discuss the regulatory effects attributed to specific miRs. Moreover, specific pathways crucial for liver regeneration will be discussed, with a particular emphasis on the involvement of miRs within the respective signaling cascades. EXPERT OPINION The considerable amount of studies exploring miR functions in a variety of diseases paved the way for the development of miR-directed therapeutics. Clinical implementation has already shown promising results, but additional research is warranted to assure safe and efficient delivery. Nevertheless, given the broad functional properties of miRs and their critical involvement during hepatic regeneration, they represent an attractive treatment target to promote liver recovery after hepatic resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Emilia Kern
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Ortmayr
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Assinger
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Starlinger
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Gong J, Cong M, Wu H, Wang M, Bai H, Wang J, Que K, Zheng K, Zhang W, Yang X, Gong J, Shi H, Miao M, Yuan F. P53/miR-34a/SIRT1 positive feedback loop regulates the termination of liver regeneration. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:1859-1877. [PMID: 36988541 PMCID: PMC10085612 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The capacity of the liver to restore its architecture and function assures good prognoses of patients who suffer serious hepatic injury, cancer resection, or living donor liver transplantation. Only a few studies have shed light on the mechanisms involved in the termination stage of LR. Here, we attempt to further verify the role of the p53/miR-34a/SIRT1 positive feedback loop in the termination of liver regeneration and its possible relationship with liver cancer. METHOD We performed partial hepatectomy (PH) in mice transfected with adenovirus (Ade) overexpressing P53 and adenovirus-associated virus (AAV) overexpressing miR-34a. LR was analyzed by liver weight/body weight, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and cell proliferation, and the related cellular signals were investigated. Bile acid (BA) levels during LR were analyzed by metabolomics of bile acids. RESULTS We found that the P53/miR-34a/SIRT1 positive feedback loop was activated in the late phase of LR. Overexpression of P53 or miR-34a terminated LR early and enhanced P53/miR-34a/SIRT1 positive feedback loop expression and its proapoptotic effect. T-β-MCA increased gradually during LR and peaked at 7 days after PH. T-β-MCA inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis via facilitating the P53/miR-34a/SIRT1 positive feedback loop during LR by suppressing FXR/SHP. The P53/miR-34a/SIRT1 positive feedback loop was abolished in HCC patients with P53 mutations. CONCLUSIONS The P53/miR-34a/SIRT1 positive feedback loop plays an important role in the termination of LR. Our findings showed the molecular and metabolic mechanisms of LR termination and provide a potential therapeutic alternative for treating P53-wild-type HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Minghua Cong
- Comprehensive Oncology Department, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Cancer hospital, Beijing 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Menghao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - He Bai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University, Lianhu, Xi’an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Department of Orthopaetics, Dianjiang People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 408300, Chongqing, China
| | - Keting Que
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Kaiwen Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jianping Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Hanping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Mingyong Miao
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Fangchao Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China
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Zhou Y, Liu F, Ma C, Cheng Q. Involvement of microRNAs and their potential diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic role in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24673. [PMID: 36036748 PMCID: PMC9551129 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 85%-90% of primary liver cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting the 3'UTR of mRNA. Abnormal expression and regulation of miRNAs are involved in the occurrence and progression of HCC, and miRNAs can also play a role in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. METHODS In the past decades, a large number of studies have shown that miRNAs play an essential regulatory role in HCC and have potential as biomarkers for HCC. We reviewed the literature to summarize these studies. RESULTS By reviewing the literature, we retrospected the roles of miRNAs in the development, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of HCC, and put forward prospects for the further research on miRNAs in the precision treatment of HCC. CONCLUSION MicroRNAs are important regulators and biomarkers in the occurrence, progression, outcome, and treatment of HCC, and can provide new targets and strategies for improving the therapeutic effect of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chunyang Ma
- Department of Surgery, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qiong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Li QH, Ge ZW, Xiang Y, Tian D, Tang Y, Zhang YC. Upregulation of microRNA-34a enhances myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:229-244. [PMID: 35703738 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1953004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative injury can result in many cardiovascular diseases including cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study was designed to investigate whether microRNA-34a (miR-34a) influences cardiac I/R or hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury by regulating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway from oxidative injury.In vivo, myocardial infarction size was examined by Evan blue/TTC staining. Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay. Heart function was measured by echocardiography. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) were evaluated. In vitro, H9c2 cardiomyocytes were exposed to H/R stimulation. Cell viability was assessed by the CCK-8 assay and apoptosis was detected by Annexin V/PI staining. Mitochondrial superoxide, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP production was evaluated by detection kits, and related proteins were detected by western blotting analysis. We observed that the level of miR-34a was significantly upregulated in I/R rats compared to the sham group. Injection of adenovirus inhibiting miR-34a into the left ventricular anterior wall improved heart function and decreased I/R injury. H9c2 cardiomyocytes exposed to H/R stimulation displayed an obvious increase in miR-34a expression. In addition, miR-34a inhibitor alleviated, whereas miR-34a mimic aggravated H/R-induced mitochondrial injury. Bcl-2 was identified as a target gene of miR-34a by dual-luciferase reporter gene detection. Knockdown of Bcl-2 abolished the cardioprotection of the miR-34a inhibitor in H9c2 cells. In summary,our study demonstrates that inhibition of miR-34a exhibits therapeutic potential in treatment of myocardial I/R injury by restraining mitochondrial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Hui Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuo-Wang Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Chen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Pal R, Kowalik MA, Serra M, Migliore C, Giordano S, Columbano A, Perra A. Diverse MicroRNAs-mRNA networks regulate the priming phase of mouse liver regeneration and of direct hyperplasia. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13199. [PMID: 35174557 PMCID: PMC9055901 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Adult hepatocytes are quiescent cells that can be induced to proliferate in response to a reduction in liver mass (liver regeneration) or by agents endowed with mitogenic potency (primary hyperplasia). The latter condition is characterized by a more rapid entry of hepatocytes into the cell cycle, but the mechanisms responsible for the accelerated entry into the S phase are unknown. Materials and methods Next generation sequencing and Illumina microarray were used to profile microRNA and mRNA expression in CD‐1 mice livers 1, 3 and 6 h after 2/3 partial hepatectomy (PH) or a single dose of TCPOBOP, a ligand of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Ingenuity pathway and DAVID analyses were performed to identify deregulated pathways. MultiMiR analysis was used to construct microRNA‐mRNA networks. Results Following PH or TCPOBOP we identified 810 and 527 genes, and 102 and 10 miRNAs, respectively, differentially expressed. Only 20 genes and 8 microRNAs were shared by the two conditions. Many miRNAs targeting negative regulators of cell cycle were downregulated early after PH, concomitantly with increased expression of their target genes. On the contrary, negative regulators were not modified after TCPOBOP, but Ccnd1 targeting miRNAs, such as miR‐106b‐5p, were downregulated. Conclusions While miRNAs targeting negative regulators of the cell cycle are downregulated after PH, TCPOBOP caused downregulation of miRNAs targeting genes required for cell cycle entry. The enhanced Ccnd1 expression may explain the more rapid entry into the S phase of mouse hepatocytes following TCPOBOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Pal
- Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marta Anna Kowalik
- Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marina Serra
- Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Migliore
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordano
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Amedeo Columbano
- Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Perra
- Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
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Hadjittofi C, Feretis M, Martin J, Harper S, Huguet E. Liver regeneration biology: Implications for liver tumour therapies. World J Clin Oncol 2021; 12:1101-1156. [PMID: 35070734 PMCID: PMC8716989 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i12.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver has remarkable regenerative potential, with the capacity to regenerate after 75% hepatectomy in humans and up to 90% hepatectomy in some rodent models, enabling it to meet the challenge of diverse injury types, including physical trauma, infection, inflammatory processes, direct toxicity, and immunological insults. Current understanding of liver regeneration is based largely on animal research, historically in large animals, and more recently in rodents and zebrafish, which provide powerful genetic manipulation experimental tools. Whilst immensely valuable, these models have limitations in extrapolation to the human situation. In vitro models have evolved from 2-dimensional culture to complex 3 dimensional organoids, but also have shortcomings in replicating the complex hepatic micro-anatomical and physiological milieu. The process of liver regeneration is only partially understood and characterized by layers of complexity. Liver regeneration is triggered and controlled by a multitude of mitogens acting in autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine ways, with much redundancy and cross-talk between biochemical pathways. The regenerative response is variable, involving both hypertrophy and true proliferative hyperplasia, which is itself variable, including both cellular phenotypic fidelity and cellular trans-differentiation, according to the type of injury. Complex interactions occur between parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells, and regeneration is affected by the status of the liver parenchyma, with differences between healthy and diseased liver. Finally, the process of termination of liver regeneration is even less well understood than its triggers. The complexity of liver regeneration biology combined with limited understanding has restricted specific clinical interventions to enhance liver regeneration. Moreover, manipulating the fundamental biochemical pathways involved would require cautious assessment, for fear of unintended consequences. Nevertheless, current knowledge provides guiding principles for strategies to optimise liver regeneration potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hadjittofi
- University Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Feretis
- University Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Martin
- University Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Harper
- University Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Huguet
- University Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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Molecular and Functional Roles of MicroRNAs in the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218362. [PMID: 33171811 PMCID: PMC7664704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths globally, of which hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major subtype. Viral hepatitis B and C infections, alcohol abuse, and metabolic disorders are multiple risk factors for liver cirrhosis and HCC development. Although great therapeutic advances have been made in recent decades, the prognosis for HCC patients remains poor due to late diagnosis, chemotherapy failure, and frequent recurrence. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, non-coding RNAs that regulate various molecular biological phenomena by suppressing the translation of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). miRNAs, which often become dysregulated in malignancy, control cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and development in HCC by promoting or suppressing tumors. Exploring the detailed mechanisms underlying miRNA-mediated HCC development and progression can likely improve the outcomes of patients with HCC. This review summarizes the molecular and functional roles of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of HCC. Further, it elucidates the utility of miRNAs as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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12
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Yang D, Dai Z, Yang T, Balakrishnan A, Yuan Q, Vondran FWR, Manns MP, Ott M, Cantz T, Sharma AD. MicroRNA-125b-5p Regulates Hepatocyte Proliferation During the Termination Phase of Liver Regeneration. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:1851-1863. [PMID: 33305155 PMCID: PMC7706294 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of the liver to regenerate and restore mass limits the increasing mortality rate due to life-threatening liver diseases. Successful liver regeneration is accomplished in multiple stages, of which the priming and proliferation phases are well studied. However, the regulatory pathways, specifically microRNA (miRNA)-mediated posttranscriptional regulation, which prevent uncontrolled proliferation and mediate the termination of liver regeneration, are not well understood. We identified differentially regulated miRNAs during the termination phase after 2/3 partial hepatectomy (PH) in mice, which is a well-established mouse model of liver regeneration. We further evaluated the function of differentially regulated miRNAs in primary mouse hepatocytes by using mimics and inhibitors and in vivo by using adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 8. A candidate miRNA target was identified by messenger RNA array in silico analyses and validated in primary mouse and human hepatocytes. Using miRNA profiling, we discovered miR-125b-5p as a novel regulator of hepatocyte proliferation in the late phase of liver regeneration. AAV-mediated miR-125b-5p delivery in mice enhanced the endogenous regenerative capacity and resulted in improved restoration of liver mass after 2/3 PH. Further, we found that ankyrin repeat and BTB/POZ domain containing protein 1 (Abtb1) is a direct target of miR-125b-5p in primary mouse and human hepatocytes and contributes to the pro-proliferative activity of miR-125b-5p by forkhead box G1 (FOXG1) and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21) pathway. Conclusion: miR-125b-5p has an important role in regulating hepatocyte proliferation in the termination phase of liver regeneration and may serve as a potential therapeutic target in various liver diseases that often exhibit deregulated hepatocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakai Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany.,Research Group Liver Regeneration REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Zhen Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany.,Research Group Liver Regeneration REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Taihua Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany.,Research Group Liver Regeneration REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Asha Balakrishnan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany.,Twincore Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover Germany
| | - Qinggong Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany.,Twincore Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover Germany
| | - Florian W R Vondran
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery Regenerative Medicine and Experimental Surgery Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany.,German Center for Infection Research Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig Hannover Germany
| | - Michael P Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Michael Ott
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany.,Twincore Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Hannover Germany
| | - Tobias Cantz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany.,Translational Hepatology and Stem Cell Biology REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Amar Deep Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany.,Research Group Liver Regeneration REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
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13
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Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Zhu G. MiR-203a-3p targets PTEN to promote hepatocyte proliferation by regulating PI3K/Akt pathway in BRL-3A cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 84:725-733. [PMID: 31814541 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1694860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the role of miR-203a-3p in hepatocyte proliferation. Data analysis showed that up-regulation of miR-203a-3p increased the cell viability and cell proliferation, and inhibited apoptosis. Further experiments demonstrated that PTEN was a target gene of miR-203a-3p, and miR-203a-3p targeted PTEN to regulate the above functions. Overexpression of PTEN partially reversed the inhibition of PTEN and the activation of p-Akt/Akt induced by miR-203a-3p mimic. Our study revealed that miR-203a-3p might activate PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by inhibiting PTEN expression, thereby promoting cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Vascular Surgery, Jingmen First People's Hospital, Jingmen City, China
| | - Yunping Zheng
- Department of Traumatic Hand and Foot Surgery, Jingmen First People's Hospital, Jingmen City, China
| | - Guanmei Zhu
- Department of Urology, Jingmen First People's Hospital, Jingmen City, China
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14
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Amakiri N, Kubosumi A, Tran J, Reddy PH. Amyloid Beta and MicroRNAs in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:430. [PMID: 31130840 PMCID: PMC6510214 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive mental illness characterized by memory loss and multiple cognitive impairments. In the last several decades, significant progress has been made in understanding basic biology, molecular mechanisms, and development of biomarkers and therapeutic drugs. Multiple cellular changes are implicated in the disease process including amyloid beta and phosphorylation of tau synaptic damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in AD. Among these, amyloid beta is considered a major player in the disease process. Recent advancements in molecular biology revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) are considered potential biomarkers in AD with a focus on amyloid beta. In this article we discussed several aspects of AD including its prevalence, classifications, risk factors, and amyloid species and their accumulation in subcellular compartments. This article also discusses the discovery and biogenesis of miRNAs and their relevance to AD. Today's research continues to add to the wealth of miRNA data that has been accumulated, however, there still lacks clear-cut understanding of the physiological relevance of miRNAs to AD. MiRNAs appear to regulate translation of gene products in AD and other human diseases. However, the mechanism of how many of these miRNAs regulate both the 5' and 3'UTR of amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing is still being extrapolated. Hence, we still need more research on miRNAs and APP/amyloid beta formation in the progression and pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nnana Amakiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Aaron Kubosumi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - James Tran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Garrison Institute on Aging, South West Campus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Department Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Department of Speech-Language and Hearing Clinics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
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15
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Bai H, Guo J, Chang C, Guo X, Xu C, Jin W. Comprehensive analysis of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA during proliferative phase of rat liver regeneration. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18897-18905. [PMID: 30916358 PMCID: PMC6617821 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to reveal the regulatory mechanism of lncRNAs-miRNAs-mRNAs network during the proliferative phase of liver regeneration (LR). High-throughput sequencing technology was performed, and a total of 1,738 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE lncRNAs), 167 known differentially expressed miRNAs (DE miRNAs), and 2,727 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified. Then, the target DE lncRNAs and DE mRNAs regulated by the same miRNAs were screened and a ceRNA regulatory network containing 32 miRNAs, 107 lncRNAs, and 270 mRNAs was constructed. Insulin signaling pathway, pyrimidine metabolism, axon guidance, carbohydrate digestion and absorption, and pyruvate metabolism were significantly enriched in the network. Through literature review and the regulatory relationship between lncRNAs and miRNAs, nine core lncRNAs were identified, which might play important roles during the proliferative phase of rat LR. This study analyzed lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network for the first time during the proliferative phase of rat LR, providing clues for exploring the mechanism of LR and the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Bai
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jianlin Guo
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Cuifang Chang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xueqiang Guo
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Cunshuan Xu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Wei Jin
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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16
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Calvopina DA, Chatfield MD, Weis A, Coleman MA, Fernandez-Rojo MA, Noble C, Ramm LE, Leung DH, Lewindon PJ, Ramm GA. MicroRNA Sequencing Identifies a Serum MicroRNA Panel, Which Combined With Aspartate Aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index Can Detect and Monitor Liver Disease in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis. Hepatology 2018; 68:2301-2316. [PMID: 30014495 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF)-associated liver disease (CFLD) is a hepatobiliary complication of CF. Current diagnostic modalities rely on nonspecific assessments, whereas liver biopsy is the gold standard to assess severity of fibrosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate liver disease pathogenesis and are proposed as diagnostic biomarkers. We investigated the combined use of serum miRNAs and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to platelet ratio (APRI) to diagnose and assess CFLD severity. This was a cross-sectional cohort study of the circulatory miRNA signature of 124 children grouped by clinical, biochemical, and imaging assessments as follows: CFLD (n = 44), CF patients with no evidence of liver disease (CFnoLD; n = 40), and healthy controls (n = 40). Serum miRNAs were analyzed using miRNA sequencing (miRNA-Seq). Selected differentially expressed serum miRNA candidates were further validated by qRT-PCR and statistical analysis performed to evaluate utility to predict CFLD and fibrosis severity validated by liver biopsy, alone or in combination with APRI. Serum miR-122-5p, miR-365a-3p, and miR-34a-5p levels were elevated in CFLD compared to CFnoLD, whereas miR-142-3p and let-7g-5p were down-regulated in CFLD compared to CFnoLD. Logistic regression analysis combining miR-365a-3p, miR-142-3p, and let-7g-5p with APRI showed 21 times greater odds of accurately predicting liver disease in CF with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) = 0.91 (sensitivity = 83%, specificity = 92%; P < 0.0001). Expression levels of serum miR-18a-5p were correlated with increasing hepatic fibrosis (HF) stage in CFLD (rs = 0.56; P < 0.0001), showing good diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing severe (F3-F4) from mild/moderate fibrosis (F0-F2). A unit increase of miR-18a-5p showed a 7-fold increased odds of having severe fibrosis with an AUROC = 0.82 (sensitivity = 93%, specificity = 73%; P = 0.004), indicating its potential to predict fibrosis severity. Conclusion: We identified a distinct circulatory miRNA profile in pediatric CFLD with potential to accurately discriminate liver disease and fibrosis severity in children with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Calvopina
- Hepatic Fibrosis Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark D Chatfield
- QIMR Berghofer Statistics Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Anna Weis
- Hepatic Fibrosis Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Miranda A Coleman
- Hepatic Fibrosis Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Charlton Noble
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Louise E Ramm
- Hepatic Fibrosis Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel H Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutrition, Texas Children's Liver Center, Houston, TX
| | - Peter J Lewindon
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Grant A Ramm
- Hepatic Fibrosis Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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17
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Yang CL, Zheng XL, Ye K, Sun YN, Lu YF, Ge H, Liu H. Effects of microRNA-217 on proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy of hepatocytes in rat models of CCL4-induced liver injury by targeting NAT2. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3410-3424. [PMID: 30417525 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Liver injury is an important cause of serious liver disease. This study aims to explore the effects of miR-217 targeting NAT2 on hepatocyte proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy following carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)-induced liver injury. Rat models of CCL4-induced liver injury were established. Healthy Wistar rats were randomized into the normal, blank, negative control (NC), microRNA-217 (miR-217) mimic, miR-217 inhibitor, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), and miR-217 inhibitor + siRNA-NAT2 groups. NAT2 activity was evaluated with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect NAT2 protein positive rate. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to examine expressions of miR-217, NAT2, Bcl-2, Bax, p35, LC3-II, Becline-1, and the ratio of caspase-3/cleaved caspase-3. Autophagy, proliferation, and cell cycle distribution were determined by electron microscope, CCK-8, and flow cytometry. NAT2 protein positive rate and miR-217, NAT2, Bcl-2, and p35 expressions were higher and Bax, LC3-II, and Becline-1 expressions and the ratio of caspase-3/cleaved caspase-3 lower in the normal group than the other six groups. Compared with the blank and NC groups, in the miR-217 mimic and siRNA-NAT2 groups, Bax, LC3-II, and Becline-1 expressions and the ratio of caspase-3/cleaved caspase-3, and hepatocyte apoptosis and autophagy increased, while NAT2, Bcl-2, and p35 expressions and hepatocyte proliferation decreased; opposite results were observed in the miR-217 inhibitor group. Collectively, miR-217 targeting NAT2 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis and autophagy of hepatocytes in CCL4-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Liang Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ke Ye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya-Nan Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu-Fei Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong Ge
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heping Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
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18
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Gao X, Zhao P, Hu J, Zhu H, Zhang J, Zhou Z, Zhao J, Tang F. MicroRNA-194 protects against chronic hepatitis B-related liver damage by promoting hepatocyte growth via ACVR2B. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4534-4544. [PMID: 30044042 PMCID: PMC6111826 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with the hepatitis B virus leads to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in a variety of biological processes; however, the role of miRNAs in chronic hepatitis B (CHB)‐induced liver damage remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of miRNAs in CHB‐related liver damage. Microarray analysis of the expression of miRNAs in 22 CHB patients and 33 healthy individuals identified miR‐194 as one of six differentially expressed miRNAs. miR‐194 was up‐regulated in correlation with increased liver damage in the plasma or liver tissues of CHB patients. In mice subjected to 2/3 partial hepatectomy, miR‐194 was up‐regulated in liver tissues in correlation with hepatocyte growth and in parallel with the down‐regulation of the activin receptor ACVR2B. Overexpression of miR‐194 in human liver HL7702 cells down‐regulated ACVR2B mRNA and protein expression, promoted cell proliferation, acceleratedG1 to S cell cycle transition, and inhibited apoptosis, whereas knockdown of miR‐194 had the opposite effects. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that ACVR2B is a direct target of miR‐194, and overexpression of ACVR2B significantly repressed cell proliferation and G1 to S phase transition and induced cell apoptosis. ACVR2B overexpression abolished the effect of miR‐194, indicating that miR‐194 promotes hepatocyte proliferation and inhibits apoptosis by down‐regulating ACVR2B. Taken together, these results indicate that miR‐194 plays a crucial role in hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration by targeting ACVR2B and may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of CHB‐related liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- Department of Pathology, 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Zhao
- Clinical Trial Center, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Liver Surgery Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongguang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongwen Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingmin Zhao
- Department of Pathology, 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Tang
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Wan Y, McDaniel K, Wu N, Ramos-Lorenzo S, Glaser T, Venter J, Francis H, Kennedy L, Sato K, Zhou T, Kyritsi K, Huang Q, Annable T, Wu C, Glaser S, Alpini G, Meng F. Regulation of Cellular Senescence by miR-34a in Alcoholic Liver Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2788-2798. [PMID: 29128099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease remains a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality, which ranges from alcoholic steatohepatitis to fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and the related mechanisms are understood poorly. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of miR-34a in alcohol-induced cellular senescence and liver fibrosis. We found that hepatic miR-34a expression was upregulated in ethanol-fed mice and heavy drinkers with steatohepatitis compared with respective controls. Mice treated with miR-34a Vivo-Morpholino developed less severe liver fibrosis than wild-type mice after 5 weeks of ethanol feeding. Further mechanism exploration showed that inhibition of miR-34a increased cellular senescence of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in ethanol-fed mice, although it decreased senescence in total liver and hepatocytes, which was verified by the changes of senescence-associated β-galactosidase and gene expression. Furthermore, enhanced cellular senescence was observed in liver tissues from steatohepatitis patients compared with healthy controls. In addition, the expression of transforming growth factor-β1, drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein 2 (Smad2), and Smad3 was decreased after inhibition of miR-34a in ethanol-fed mice. Our in vitro experiments showed that silencing of miR-34a partially blocked activation of HSCs by lipopolysaccharide and enhanced senescence of HSCs. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-34a decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced fibrotic gene expression in cultured hepatocytes. In conclusion, our data suggest that miR-34a functions as a profibrotic factor that promotes alcohol-induced liver fibrosis by reducing HSC senescence and increasing the senescence of hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wan
- Division of Research, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Temple, Texas; Baylor Scott & White Health Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; Department of Pathophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kelly McDaniel
- Division of Research, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Temple, Texas; Baylor Scott & White Health Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Sugeily Ramos-Lorenzo
- Baylor Scott & White Health Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas
| | - Trenton Glaser
- Baylor Scott & White Health Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas
| | - Julie Venter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Research, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Temple, Texas; Baylor Scott & White Health Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Research, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Temple, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Keisaku Sato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Division of Research, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Temple, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Qiaobing Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tami Annable
- Baylor Scott & White Health Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas; Temple Health and Bioscience District, Temple, Texas
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Division of Research, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Temple, Texas; Baylor Scott & White Health Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Research, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Temple, Texas; Baylor Scott & White Health Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas.
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Division of Research, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Temple, Texas; Baylor Scott & White Health Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas.
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20
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Livingstone MC, Johnson NM, Roebuck BD, Kensler TW, Groopman JD. Profound changes in miRNA expression during cancer initiation by aflatoxin B 1 and their abrogation by the chemopreventive triterpenoid CDDO-Im. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2382-2390. [PMID: 28218475 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ) is a potent human and animal hepatocarcinogen. To investigate the effects of aflatoxin on miRNA expression during the initiation phase of carcinogenesis, next-generation sequencing was used to analyze liver tissues from F344 rats exposed to 200 μg/kg per day AFB1 for 4 week. A panel of miRNAs was identified that was upregulated with AFB1 treatment compared to controls: rno-miR-434-3p, rno-miR-411-5p, rno-miR-221-3p, rno-miR-127-3p, rno-miR-205, rno-miR-429, rno-miR-34a-5p, rno-miR-181c-3p, rno-miR-200b-3p, and rno-miR-541-5p. Analysis of rat livers exposed to AFB1 plus the chemopreventive triterpenoid CDDO-Im revealed a striking abrogation of this upregulation. These changes were validated by real-time PCR. We also explored the temporal variation in expression of the candidate miRNAs during the 4-week dosing period. Most of the candidate miRNAs were upregulated at week 1 and increased for the duration of AFB1 dosing over the 4-week period. Treatment with CDDO-Im ameliorated these effects at all time points. All candidate miRNAs were detectable in serum from aflatoxin treated animals; however, there was no significant difference in expression for 7 of the 11 miRNAs examined. Exposure to AFB1 upregulated miR-122-5p (fivefold), 34a-5p (13-fold), and 181c-3p (170-fold) compared with controls. The findings from this study give insight into epigenetic changes induced by aflatoxin taking place during the initial step of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bill D Roebuck
- Dartmouth College School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John D Groopman
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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21
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Abstract
Organ damage and resulting pathologies often involve multiple deregulated pathways. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that regulate a multitude of genes at the post-transcriptional level. Since their discovery over two decades ago, miRNAs have been established as key players in the molecular mechanisms of mammalian biology including the maintenance of normal homeostasis and the regulation of disease pathogenesis. In recent years, there has been substantial progress in innovative techniques to measure miRNAs along with advances in targeted delivery of agents modulating their expression. This has expanded the scope of miRNAs from being important mediators of cell signaling to becoming viable quantitative biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Currently, miRNA therapeutics are in clinical trials for multiple disease areas and vast numbers of patents have been filed for miRNAs involved in various pathological states. In this review, we summarize miRNAs involved in organ injury and repair, specifically with regard to organs that are the most susceptible to injury: the liver, heart and kidney. In addition, we review the current state of knowledge on miRNA biology, miRNA biomarkers and nucleotide-based therapeutics designed to target miRNAs to prevent organ injury and promote repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory V Gerlach
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vishal S Vaidya
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Room 562, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Oya Y, Masuzaki R, Tsugawa D, Ray KC, Dou Y, Karp SJ. Dicer-dependent production of microRNA221 in hepatocytes inhibits p27 and is required for liver regeneration in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 312:G464-G473. [PMID: 28232457 PMCID: PMC5451560 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00383.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Dicer processes microRNAs (miRs) into active forms in a wide variety of tissues, including the liver. To determine the role of Dicer in liver regeneration, we performed a series of in vivo and in vitro studies in a murine 2/3 hepatectomy model. Dicer was downregulated after 2/3 hepatectomy, and loss of Dicer inhibited liver regeneration associated with decreased cyclin A2 and miR-221, as well as increased levels of the cell cycle inhibitor p27. In vitro, miR-221 inhibited p27 production in primary hepatocytes and increased hepatocyte proliferation. Specific reconstitution of miR-221 in hepatocyte-specific Dicer-null mice inhibited p27 and restored liver regeneration. In wild type mice, targeted inhibition of miR-221 using a cholesterol-conjugated miR-221 inhibited hepatocyte proliferation after 2/3 hepatectomy. These results identify Dicer production of miR-221 as an essential component of a miRNA-dependent mechanism for suppression of p27 that controls the rate of hepatocyte proliferation after partial hepatectomy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our findings demonstrate a direct role for microRNAs in controlling the rate of liver regeneration after injury. By deleting Dicer, an enzyme responsible for processing microRNAs into mature forms, we determined miR-221 is a critical microRNA in the physiological process of restoration of liver mass after injury. miR-221 suppresses p27, releasing its inhibitory effects on hepatocyte proliferation. Pharmaceuticals based on miR-221 may be useful to modulate hepatocyte proliferation in the setting of liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Oya
- 1Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Ryota Masuzaki
- 1Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Daisuke Tsugawa
- 1Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Kevin C. Ray
- 1Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Yongchao Dou
- 2Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Seth J. Karp
- 1Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
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Mottaghitalab F, Rastegari A, Farokhi M, Dinarvand R, Hosseinkhani H, Ou KL, Pack DW, Mao C, Dinarvand M, Fatahi Y, Atyabi F. Prospects of siRNA applications in regenerative medicine. Int J Pharm 2017; 524:312-329. [PMID: 28385649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has established its reputation in the field of tissue engineering owing to its ability to silence the proteins that inhibit tissue regeneration. siRNA is capable of regulating cellular behavior during tissue regeneration processes. The concept of using siRNA technology in regenerative medicine derived from its ability to inhibit the expression of target genes involved in defective tissues and the possibility to induce the expression of tissue-inductive factors that improve the tissue regeneration process. To date, siRNA has been used as a suppressive biomolecule in different tissues, such as nervous tissue, bone, cartilage, heart, kidney, and liver. Moreover, various delivery systems have been applied in order to deliver siRNA to the target tissues. This review will provide an in-depth discussion on the development of siRNA and their delivery systems and mechanisms of action in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mottaghitalab
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rastegari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farokhi
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinkhani
- Innovation Center for Advanced Technology, Matrix, Inc., New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Keng-Liang Ou
- Research Center for Biomedical Devices and Prototyping Production, Research Center for Biomedical Implants and Microsurgery Devices, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Daniel W Pack
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, United States; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Meshkat Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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24
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Huleihel L, Scarritt ME, Badylak SF. The Influence of Extracellular RNA on Cell Behavior in Health, Disease and Regeneration. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 5:13-22. [PMID: 28944104 PMCID: PMC5604481 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-017-0121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW An overview of the role of extracellular RNAs (exRNA) in the regulation of homeostasis, disease progression, and regeneration is provided herein. Several exRNAs have been identified as potential biomarkers for disease and disease progression. In addition, the potential of exRNAs as a therapeutic modality is discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Fibrotic diseases of the lung, liver, and heart, among other organs share a number of identical exRNAs which play key roles in disease pathogenesis. Though regeneration is limited to only a few tissues in humans, small RNAs (e.g. microRNA) have been shown to be involved in the regenerative process of tissues such as liver and bone. The regulation of healing versus disease appears to be balanced by small RNAs. Because small RNAs are critical to health, they are being investigated as drug targets in multiple ongoing clinical trials. Preclinical studies suggest that promoting or blocking specific small RNAs can provide a novel therapeutic approach. SUMMARY exRNA can be utilized for both detection and treatment of disease. Natural and synthetic RNA carriers are being investigated as delivery methods for small RNA molecules. Current and future investigations are likely to lead to expanded applications for exRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luai Huleihel
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Michelle E. Scarritt
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Stephen F. Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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25
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Wang XP, Zhou J, Han M, Chen CB, Zheng YT, He XS, Yuan XP. MicroRNA-34a regulates liver regeneration and the development of liver cancer in rats by targeting Notch signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13264-13276. [PMID: 28129650 PMCID: PMC5355094 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the role of microRNA-34a (miR-34a) in regulating liver regeneration (LR) and the development of liver cancer in rats by targeting Notch signaling pathway. METHODS Thirty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned into partial hepatectomy (PH) group and sham hepatectomy (SH) group. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the histological change in liver tissues. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to examine whether miR-34a targeted Notch1 gene. Human liver cancer Huh7 cells were transfected and divided into blank, negative control (NC), miR-34a mimics and miR-34a inhibitors groups. MTT and flow cytometry were used to detect cell growth, and cell cycle and apoptosis, respectively. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied detect to the expressions of miR-34a and Notch receptor mRNA. Western blotting was performed to detect the protein expressions of Notch receptors, P21, Bax, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Tumor xenograft in nude mice was done to observe tumor formation in different groups. RESULTS Compared to the SH group, miR-34a expression in liver tissues in the PH group decreased first and then increased to the normal level during LR. In early stage of LR, the expressions of Notch receptors and miR-34a were negatively correlated. Compared to the blank and NC groups, the cell growth was inhibited, cell cycle was mainly arrested in the G2/M phase and cell apoptosis rate increased in the miR-34a mimics group. Moreover, the expressions of miR-34a, P21 and Bax were up-regulated, while the expressions of Notch receptors, and Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL were down-regulated in this group. Additionally, the tumor growth in the miR-34a mimics group was reduced. The miR-34a inhibitors group showed contrary tendencies. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that miR-34a regulated LR and the development of liver cancer by inhibiting Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping Wang
- Third Division of Organ Transplant Center, The Eastern Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510700, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Third Division of Organ Transplant Center, The Eastern Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510700, P. R. China
| | - Ming Han
- Third Division of Organ Transplant Center, The Eastern Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510700, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Bao Chen
- Third Division of Organ Transplant Center, The Eastern Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510700, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Tao Zheng
- Third Division of Organ Transplant Center, The Eastern Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510700, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Shun He
- Third Division of Organ Transplant Center, The Eastern Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510700, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Peng Yuan
- Third Division of Organ Transplant Center, The Eastern Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510700, P. R. China
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Li L, Guo J, Chen Y, Chang C, Xu C. Comprehensive CircRNA expression profile and selection of key CircRNAs during priming phase of rat liver regeneration. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:80. [PMID: 28086788 PMCID: PMC5237265 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rat liver regeneration (LR) proceeds along a process of highly organized and ordered tissue growth in response to the loss or injury of liver tissue, during which many physiological processes may play important roles. The molecular mechanism of hepatocyte proliferation, energy metabolism and substance metabolism during rat LR had been elucidated. Further, the correlation of circular RNA (circRNA) abundance with proliferation has recently been clarified. However, the regulatory capacity of circRNA in rat LR remains a fascinating topic. RESULTS To investigate the regulatory mechanism of circRNA during priming phase of rat LR, high-throughput RNA sequencing technology was performed to unbiasedly profile the expression of circRNA during priming phase of rat LR. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) biological pathway analysis was conducted to predict the functions of differentially expressed circRNAs and their host linear transcripts. Co-expression networks of circRNA-miRNA were constructed based on the correlation analysis between the differentially expressed LR-related circRNAs and the condition of their miRNA binding sites. To excavate the key circRNAs in the early phase of rat LR, we comprehensively evaluated and integrated the relationship of expression level between the circRNAs and the linear transcripts as well as the distribution of miRNA binding sites in circRNA sequences. CONCLUSIONS This paper is the first to employ the comprehensive circRNA expression profile and to investigate circRNA-miRNA interactions during priming phase of rat LR. Two thousand four hundred twelve circRNAs were detected, and 159 circRNAs deriving from 116 host linear transcripts differentially expressed (p < 0.05). Six significantly changed circRNAs during priming phase of rat LR were screened as key circle molecules, and then were validated by qRT-PCR. This study will lay the foundation for revealing the functional roles of circRNAs during rat LR and help solve the remaining clinical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
| | - Jianlin Guo
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
| | - Cuifang Chang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
| | - Cunshuan Xu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China. .,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China.
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27
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Bei Y, Song Y, Wang F, Dimitrova-Shumkovska J, Xiang Y, Zhao Y, Liu J, Xiao J, Yang C. miR-382 targeting PTEN-Akt axis promotes liver regeneration. Oncotarget 2016; 7:1584-97. [PMID: 26636539 PMCID: PMC4811482 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver regeneration is a highly orchestrated process which can be regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs), though the mechanisms are largely unclear. This study was aimed to identify miRNAs responsible for hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration. Here we detected a marked elevation of miR-382 in the mouse liver at 48 hrs after partial hepatectomy (PH-48h) using microarray analysis and qRT-PCRs. miR-382 overexpression accelerated the proliferation and the G1 to S phase transition of the cell cycle both in mouse NCTC1469 and human HL7702 normal liver cells, while miR-382 downregulation had inverse effects. Moreover, miR-382 negatively regulated PTEN expression and increased Akt phosphorylation both in vitro and in vivo. Using PTEN siRNA and Akt activator/inhibitor, we further found that PTEN inhibition and Akt phosphorylation were essential for mediating the promotive effect of miR-382 in the proliferation and cell growth of hepatocytes. Collectively, our findings identify miR-382 as a promoter for hepatocyte proliferation and cell growth via targeting PTEN-Akt axis which might be a novel therapeutic target to enhance liver regeneration capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Bei
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Experimental Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Song
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jasmina Dimitrova-Shumkovska
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Experimental Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Experimental Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Yang Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Biochemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingqi Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Experimental Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changqing Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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28
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MicroRNA Expression Profiling in CCl₄-Induced Liver Fibrosis of Mus musculus. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060961. [PMID: 27322257 PMCID: PMC4926493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a major pathological feature of chronic liver diseases, including liver cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs, regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally and play important roles in various kinds of diseases; however, miRNA-associated hepatic fibrogenesis and its acting mechanisms are poorly investigated. Therefore, we performed an miRNA microarray in the fibrotic livers of Mus musculus treated with carbon-tetrachloride (CCl4) and analyzed the biological functions engaged by the target genes of differentially-expressed miRNAs through gene ontology (GO) and in-depth pathway enrichment analysis. Herein, we found that four miRNAs were upregulated and four miRNAs were downregulated more than two-fold in CCl4-treated livers compared to a control liver. Eight miRNAs were predicted to target a total of 4079 genes. GO analysis revealed that those target genes were located in various cellular compartments, including cytoplasm, nucleolus and cell surface, and they were involved in protein-protein or protein-DNA bindings, which influence the signal transductions and gene transcription. Furthermore, pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that the 72 subspecialized signaling pathways were associated with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and were mostly classified into metabolic function-related pathways. These results suggest that CCl4 induces liver fibrosis by disrupting the metabolic pathways. In conclusion, we presented several miRNAs and their biological processes that might be important in the progression of liver fibrosis; these findings help increase the understanding of liver fibrogenesis and provide novel ideas for further studies of the role of miRNAs in liver fibrosis.
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van de Laarschot LFM, Jansen PLM, Schaap FG, Olde Damink SWM. The role of bile salts in liver regeneration. Hepatol Int 2016; 10:733-40. [PMID: 27048617 PMCID: PMC5003899 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-016-9723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that bile salts are important for liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy. The relative bile salt overload after partial liver resection causes activation of bile salt receptors in non-parenchymal (viz. the plasma membrane receptor TGR5) and parenchymal (viz. the intracellular receptor FXR) cells in the liver, thus, providing signals to the regenerative process. Impaired bile salt signaling in mice with genetic deficiency of Tgr5 or Fxr results in delayed liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy, and is accompanied by mortality in case of Fxr knock-out mice. Conversely, compensatory liver re-growth in hepatectomized mice can be stimulated by feeding of bile salts or alisol B 23-acetate, a natural triterpenoid agonist of Fxr. A large number of animal studies underscore the importance of strict maintenance of bile salt homeostasis for proper progression of liver regeneration. Both ileal and hepatic Fxr play a key role in regulation of bile salt homeostasis and, thus, preventing hepatotoxicity caused by excessive levels of bile salts. They further contribute to liver regeneration by induction of mitogenic factors. Agents that target bile salt receptors hold promise as drugs to stimulate liver regeneration in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyanne F M van de Laarschot
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L M Jansen
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank G Schaap
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Steven W M Olde Damink
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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30
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver regeneration is a complex process. microRNAs (miRNAs) are short, single-stranded RNAs that modify gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Recent investigations have revealed that miRNAs are closely linked to liver regeneration. DATA SOURCES All included studies were obtained from PubMed, Embase, the ScienceDirect databases and Web of Science, with no limitation on publication year. Only studies published in English were considered. RESULTS We grouped studies that involved miRNA and liver regeneration into two groups: miRNAs as promoters and as inhibitors of liver regeneration. We summarized the relevant miRNAs separately from the related pathways. CONCLUSIONS Blocking or stimulating the pathways of miRNAs in liver regeneration may be novel therapeutic strategies in future regeneration-related liver managements. We may discover additional chemotherapy targets of miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Sheng Yi
- Department of Liver and Vascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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31
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Zhou J, Ju WQ, Yuan XP, Zhu XF, Wang DP, He XS. miR-26a regulates mouse hepatocyte proliferation via directly targeting the 3' untranslated region of CCND2 and CCNE2. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2016; 15:65-72. [PMID: 26818545 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(15)60383-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The deficiency of liver regeneration needs to be addressed in the fields of liver surgery, split liver transplantation and living donor liver transplantation. Researches of microRNAs would broaden our understandings on the mechanisms of various diseases. Our previous research confirmed that miR-26a regulated liver regeneration in mice; however, the relationship between miR-26a and its target, directly or indirectly, remains unclear. Therefore, the present study further investigated the mechanism of miR-26a in regulating mouse hepatocyte proliferation. METHODS An established mouse liver cell line, Nctc-1469, was transfected with Ad5-miR-26a-EGFP, Ad5-anti-miR-26a-EGFP or Ad5-EGFP vector. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTS, cell apoptosis and cell cycle by flow cytometry, and gene expression by Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to test targets of miR-26a. RESULTS Compared with the Ad5-EGFP group, Ad5-anti-miR-26a-EGFP down-regulated miR-26a and increased proliferation of hepatocytes, with more cells entering the G1 phase of cell cycle (82.70%+/-1.45% vs 75.80%+/-3.92%), and decreased apoptosis (5.50%+/-0.35% vs 6.73%+/-0.42%). CCND2 and CCNE2 were the direct targeted genes of miR-26a. miR-26a down-regulation up-regulated CCND2 and CCNE2 expressions and down-regulated p53 expression in Nctc-1469 cells. On the contrary, miR-26a over-expression showed the opposite results. CONCLUSIONS miR-26a regulated mouse hepatocyte proliferation by directly targeting the 3' untranslated regions of cyclin D2/cyclin E2; miR-26a also regulated p53-mediated apoptosis. Our data suggested that miR-26a may be a promising regulator in liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Organ Transplant Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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32
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Chen X, Song M, Chen W, Dimitrova-Shumkovska J, Zhao Y, Cao Y, Song Y, Yang W, Wang F, Xiang Y, Yang C. MicroRNA-21 Contributes to Liver Regeneration by Targeting PTEN. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:83-91. [PMID: 26744142 PMCID: PMC4716711 DOI: 10.12659/msm.896157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs), including miR-21, have been documented to be critical regulators of liver regeneration, but the mechanism underlying their roles in hepatocyte proliferation and cell cycle progression is still far from understood. Material/Methods miR-21 levels were determined using qRT-PCRs in mouse livers at 48 h after 70% partial hepatectomy (PH-48 h). Cell proliferation was determined by use of a cell-counting kit-8 (CCK-8), EdU incorporation staining, and flow cytometry. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expressions were determined using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. PTEN siRNA was used to perform the rescue experiment. Results A marked upregulation of miR-21 was observed in mouse livers at 48 h after 70% partial hepatectomy (PH-48 h) compared to 0 h after PH (PH-0 h). Overexpression of miR-21 was associated with increased proliferation and a rapid G1-to-S phase transition of the cell cycle in BNL CL.2 normal liver cells in vitro. In addition, we showed that PTEN expression was inversely correlated with miR-21 in BNL CL.2 cells and demonstrated that PTEN expression is lower in mouse livers at PH-48 h. Moreover, the presence of PTEN siRNA significantly abolished the suppressive effect of miR-21 inhibitor on hepatocyte proliferation. Conclusions miR-21 overexpression contributes to liver regeneration and hepatocyte proliferation by targeting PTEN. Upregulation of miR-21 might be a useful therapeutic strategy to promote liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Meiyi Song
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Chen
- Emergency Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Jasmina Dimitrova-Shumkovska
- Department of Experimental Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Cao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yang Song
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Wenzhuo Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Fei Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yang Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Biochemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Changqing Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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Gulyaeva L, Chanyshev M, Kolmykov S, Ushakov D, Nechkin S. Effect of xenobiotics on microrna expression in rat liver. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 62:154-9. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20166202154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Using bioinformatics analysis we selected microRNAs which could bind 3'-UTR-region of cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes. Three microRNA miR-21, -221, -222, their potential targets might be mRNA for CYP1A1, and two microRNA miR-143, miR-152 for CYP2B1 accordingly were selected for experimental verification. Expression level of these microRNAs in rat liver upon benzo(a)pyrene (BP), phenobarbital (PB), and DDT induction was determined using RT-qPCR method. In rats treated by both BP, and DDT the hepatic content of miR-21, -221, -222 significantly demonstrated a 2-3-fold decrease. The decrease in miR expression was accompanied by a considerable (5.5-8.7-fold) increase in the CYP1A1-mediated EROD activity. The expression of miR-143 remained unchanged after the PB treatment, while the expression of miR-152 increased by 2 times, however, the (10.5-fold) increase in PROD activity of CYP2B was much higher. In the DDT-treated liver PROD activity increased by 20 times, the expression of miR-152 didn't change, and the expression of miR-143 increased by 2 times. The bioinformatics analysis of interactions between microRNAs and targets showed that the studied miRs can potentially bind 3'-end of AhR, ESR1, GR, CCND1, PTEN mRNA. Thus, the expression profile of miR-21, -221, -222, -143, -152 might change under the xenobiotics exposure. In silico analysis confirmed, that microRNAs target not only cytochrome P450 mRNA but also other genes, including those involved in hormonal carcinogenesis, they also can be regulated with studied miRs
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Affiliation(s)
- L.F. Gulyaeva
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M.D. Chanyshev
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - D.S. Ushakov
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S.S. Nechkin
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Adams BD, Parsons C, Slack FJ. The tumor-suppressive and potential therapeutic functions of miR-34a in epithelial carcinomas. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 20:737-53. [PMID: 26652031 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1114102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many RNA species have been identified as important players in the development of chronic diseases including cancer. Certain classes of regulatory RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) have been investigated in such detail that bona fide tumor suppressive and oncogenic miRNAs have been identified. Because of this, there has been a major effort to therapeutically target these small RNAs. One in particular, a liposomal formulation of miR-34a (MRX34), has entered Phase I trials. AREAS COVERED This review aims to summarize miRNA biology, its regulation within normal versus disease states and how it can be targeted therapeutically, with a particular emphasis on miR-34a. Understanding the complexity of a single miRNA will aid in the development of future RNA-based therapeutics for a broader range of chronic diseases. EXPERT OPINION The potential of miRNAs to be developed into anti-cancer therapeutics has become an increasingly important area of research. miR-34a is a tumor suppressive miRNA across many tumor types through its ability to inhibit cellular proliferation, invasion and tumor sphere formation. miR-34a also shows promise within certain in vivo solid tumor models. Finally, as miR-34a moves into clinical trials it will be important to determine if it can further sensitize tumors to certain chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Adams
- a Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology , Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA.,b Department of Pathology , BIDMC Cancer Center/Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Christine Parsons
- a Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology , Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Frank J Slack
- b Department of Pathology , BIDMC Cancer Center/Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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Katselis C, Apostolou K, Feretis T, Papanikolaou IG, Zografos GC, Toutouzas K, Papalois A. Role of Stem Cells Transplantation in Tissue Regeneration After Acute or Chronic Acetaminophen Induced Liver Injury. J INVEST SURG 2015; 29:112-20. [PMID: 26650889 DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2015.1086040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acetaminophen-induced liver injury (APAP) is recognized as a frequent etiologic factor responsible for hepatic damage in the developed world. Management remains still elusive as treatment options are limited and their results are inconclusive. Consequently new strategies are explored at the experimental level. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) present a promising modality as they can promote liver regeneration (LG) and compensate acute liver injury (ALI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Our research was focused on articles related to drug-induced liver injury, mechanisms of liver regeneration (LG) after Acute Liver Injury (ALI) and recent experimental protocols of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) transplantation after chemical insult. All these studies are cited on Pubmed and MedLine. RESULTS This review has three distinct sections. First recent developments in ALI pathogenesis are presented. The second section covers cellular pathways and histological findings relevant to liver regeneration. The final chapter analyzes MSCs transplantation protocols after ALI and interrelation between liver regeneration and hepatic differentiation of MSCs. CONCLUSION Adipose tissue stem cells (ADSCs) and (MSCs) transplantation represents a promising modality in severe ALI management although many aspects remain to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Katselis
- a Department of Propaedeutic Surgery , University of Athens, School of Medicine, General Hospital of Athens "Hippocration" , Athens , Greece.,b Experimental - Research Center , ELPEN Pharmaceuticals , Pikermi , Attica
| | - Konstantinos Apostolou
- a Department of Propaedeutic Surgery , University of Athens, School of Medicine, General Hospital of Athens "Hippocration" , Athens , Greece.,b Experimental - Research Center , ELPEN Pharmaceuticals , Pikermi , Attica
| | - Themistoklis Feretis
- a Department of Propaedeutic Surgery , University of Athens, School of Medicine, General Hospital of Athens "Hippocration" , Athens , Greece.,b Experimental - Research Center , ELPEN Pharmaceuticals , Pikermi , Attica
| | - Ioannis G Papanikolaou
- a Department of Propaedeutic Surgery , University of Athens, School of Medicine, General Hospital of Athens "Hippocration" , Athens , Greece.,b Experimental - Research Center , ELPEN Pharmaceuticals , Pikermi , Attica
| | - George C Zografos
- a Department of Propaedeutic Surgery , University of Athens, School of Medicine, General Hospital of Athens "Hippocration" , Athens , Greece
| | - Konstantinos Toutouzas
- a Department of Propaedeutic Surgery , University of Athens, School of Medicine, General Hospital of Athens "Hippocration" , Athens , Greece
| | - Apostolos Papalois
- a Department of Propaedeutic Surgery , University of Athens, School of Medicine, General Hospital of Athens "Hippocration" , Athens , Greece.,b Experimental - Research Center , ELPEN Pharmaceuticals , Pikermi , Attica
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Tissue Remodelling following Resection of Porcine Liver. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:248920. [PMID: 26240819 PMCID: PMC4512564 DOI: 10.1155/2015/248920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study genes regulating the extracellular matrix (ECM) and investigate the tissue remodelling following liver resection in porcine. METHODS Four pigs with 60% partial hepatectomy- (PHx-) induced liver regeneration were studied over six weeks. Four pigs underwent sham surgery and another four pigs were used as controls of the normal liver growth. Liver biopsies were taken upon laparotomy, after three and six weeks. Gene expression profiles were obtained using porcine-specific oligonucleotide microarrays. Immunohistochemical staining was performed and a proliferative index was assessed. RESULTS More differentially expressed genes were associated with the regulation of ECM in the resection group compared to the sham and control groups. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) and collagen 1, alpha 2 (COL1A2) were both upregulated in the early phase of liver regeneration, validated by immunopositive cells during the remodelling phase of liver regeneration. A broadened connective tissue was demonstrated by Masson's Trichrome staining, and an immunohistochemical staining against pan-Cytokeratin (pan-CK) demonstrated a distinct pattern of migrating cells, followed by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive nuclei. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates both a distinct pattern of PCNA positive nuclei and a deposition of ECM proteins in the remodelling phase of liver regeneration.
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Beavers KR, Nelson CE, Duvall CL. MiRNA inhibition in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 88:123-37. [PMID: 25553957 PMCID: PMC4485980 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that provide an endogenous negative feedback mechanism for translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) into protein. Single miRNAs can regulate hundreds of mRNAs, enabling miRNAs to orchestrate robust biological responses by simultaneously impacting multiple gene networks. MiRNAs can act as master regulators of normal and pathological tissue development, homeostasis, and repair, which has motivated expanding efforts toward the development of technologies for therapeutically modulating miRNA activity for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. This review highlights the tools currently available for miRNA inhibition and their recent therapeutic applications for improving tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R Beavers
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | | | - Craig L Duvall
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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Elucidating Metabolic and Epigenetic Mechanisms that Regulate Liver Regeneration. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-015-0065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Jin J, Hong IH, Lewis K, Iakova P, Breaux M, Jiang Y, Sullivan E, Jawanmardi N, Timchenko L, Timchenko NA. Cooperation of C/EBP family proteins and chromatin remodeling proteins is essential for termination of liver regeneration. Hepatology 2015; 61:315-25. [PMID: 25043739 PMCID: PMC4280321 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer. A highly invasive surgical resection of the liver tumor is the main approach used to eliminate the tumor. Mechanisms that terminate liver regeneration when the liver reaches the original size are not known. The aims of this work were to generate an animal model that fails to stop liver regeneration after surgical resections and elucidate mechanisms that are involved in termination of liver regeneration. Because epigenetic control of liver function has been previously implicated in the regulation of liver proliferation, we generated C/EBPα-S193A knockin mice, which have alterations in formation of complexes of C/EBP family proteins with chromatin remodeling proteins. The C/EBPα-S193A mice have altered liver morphology and altered liver function leading to changes of glucose metabolism and blood parameters. Examination of the proliferative capacity of C/EBPα-S193A livers showed that livers of S193A mice have a higher rate of proliferation after birth, but stop proliferation at the age of 2 months. These animals have increased liver proliferation in response to liver surgery as well as carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-mediated injury. Importantly, livers of C/EBPα-S193A mice fail to stop liver regeneration after surgery when livers reach the original, preresection, size. The failure of S193A livers to stop regeneration correlates with the epigenetic repression of key regulators of liver proliferation C/EBPα, p53, FXR, SIRT1, PGC1α, and TERT by C/EBPβ-HDAC1 complexes. The C/EBPβ-HDAC1 complexes also repress promoters of enzymes of glucose synthesis PEPCK and G6Pase. CONCLUSION Proper cooperation of C/EBP and chromatin remodeling proteins is essential for the termination of liver regeneration after surgery and for maintenance of liver functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Il-Hwa Hong
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lubov Timchenko
- Huffington Center on Aging and Departments of Pathology and Immunology and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas
| | - Nikolai A. Timchenko
- Corresponding author: Nikolai A. Timchenko, Department of Pathology & Immunology, and Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, Tel: 713-798-1567, Fax: 713-798-4161,
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Anadol E, Schierwagen R, Elfimova N, Tack K, Schwarze-Zander C, Eischeid H, Noetel A, Boesecke C, Jansen C, Dold L, Wasmuth JC, Strassburg CP, Spengler U, Rockstroh JK, Odenthal M, Trebicka J. Circulating microRNAs as a marker for liver injury in human immunodeficiency virus patients. Hepatology 2015; 61:46-55. [PMID: 25125218 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis virus coinfection amplify and accelerate hepatic injury. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs suggested as biomarkers for liver injury. We analyzed the circulating levels of miRNAs in HIV patients with regard to the extent and etiology of liver injury. Total RNA was extracted from 335 serum samples of HIV patients and 22 healthy control participants using Qiazol. Comprehensive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array analyses (768 miRNA) were performed in serum samples of eight HIV, eight HIV/HCV (hepatitis C virus), six HCV patients, and three healthy controls. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR measured levels of miRNA-122, miRNA-22, and miRNA-34a in serum samples of 335 patients and 19 healthy control participants. Liver injury and fibrosis in these patients were defined using aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index and AST-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) score. The miRNA pattern of HIV/HCV samples showed altered expression of 57 and 33 miRNA compared to HCV and HIV infection, respectively. miRNA-122, miRNA-22, and miRNA-34a were highly up-regulated in HIV/HCV patients. Analyzing the entire cohort, these miRNAs were correlated with liver function tests and were independent predictors of liver injury (AST >2 × ULN). miRNA-122 and miRNA-22 were associated with relevant fibrosis (FIB-4 >1.45; APRI >1). Circulating levels of miRNA-122 were independent predictors for relevant fibrosis in HIV patients. Interestingly, miRNA-122 and miRNA-34a levels were higher in HIV/HCV patients, miRNA-22 levels were highest in HIV/HBV patients, and circulating levels of miRNA-34a correlated positively with illicit drug use and ethanol consumption. CONCLUSION Circulating miRNA-122, miRNA-22, and miRNA-34a correlates with the etiology of liver injury in HIV patients. These biomarkers not only mirror different mechanisms of hepatic injury, but also are independent predictors of liver injury in HIV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evrim Anadol
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Huang X, Gao Y, Qin J, Lu S. The role of miR-34a in the hepatoprotective effect of hydrogen sulfide on ischemia/reperfusion injury in young and old rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113305. [PMID: 25405338 PMCID: PMC4236169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can protect the liver against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, it is unknown whether H2S plays a role in the protection of hepatic I/R injury in both young and old patients. This study compared the protective effects of H2S in a rat model (young and old animals) of I/R injury and the mechanism underlying its effects. Young and old rats were assessed following an injection of NaHS. NaHS alone reduced hepatic I/R injury in the young rats by activating the nuclear erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, but it had little effect on the old rats. NaHS pretreatment decreased miR-34a expression in the hepatocytes of the young rats with hepatic I/R. Overexpression of miR-34a decreased Nrf-2 and its downstream target expression, impairing the hepatoprotective effect of H2S on the young rats. More importantly, downregulation of miR-34a expression increased Nrf-2 and the expression of its downstream targets, enhancing the effect of H2S on hepatic I/R injury in the old rats. This study reveals the different effects of H2S on hepatic I/R injury in young and old rats and sheds light on the involvement of H2S in miR-34a modulation of the Nrf-2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Huang
- Center of Liver Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Gao
- Center of Liver Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjie Qin
- Center of Liver Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Nanjing, China
| | - Sen Lu
- Center of Liver Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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Werner W, Sallmon H, Leder A, Lippert S, Reutzel-Selke A, Morgül MH, Jonas S, Dame C, Neuhaus P, Iacomini J, Tullius SG, Sauer IM, Raschzok N. Independent effects of sham laparotomy and anesthesia on hepatic microRNA expression in rats. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:702. [PMID: 25297646 PMCID: PMC4198680 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies on liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy (PH) have identified several microRNAs (miRNAs) that show a regulated expression pattern. These studies involve major surgery to access the liver, which is known to have intrinsic effects on hepatic gene expression and may also affect miRNA screening results. We performed two-third PH or sham laparotomy (SL) in Wistar rats to investigate the effect of both procedures on miRNA expression in liver tissue and corresponding plasma samples by microarray and qRT-PCR analyses. As control groups, non-treated rats and rats undergoing anesthesia only were used. Results We found that 49 out of 323 miRNAs (15%) were significantly deregulated after PH in liver tissue 12 to 48 hours postoperatively (>20% change), while 45 miRNAs (14%) were deregulated following SL. Out of these miRNAs, 10 miRNAs were similarly deregulated after PH and SL, while one miRNA showed opposite regulation. In plasma, miRNA upregulation was observed for miR-133a and miR-133b following PH and SL, whereas miR-100 and miR-466c were similarly downregulated following anesthesia and surgery. Conclusions We show that miRNAs are indeed regulated by sham laparotomy and anesthesia in rats. These findings illustrate the critical need for finding appropriate control groups in experimental surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nathanael Raschzok
- General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Bi YM, Xu JB, An HY. MicroRNAs and biological functions of hepatic stellate cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:3587-3591. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i24.3587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, 18-24 nucleotide long, non-coding RNA molecules which are involved in virtually every cellular process including proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis by specifically interacting with the mRNA and regulating the expression of genes. Recently it has been found that miRNAs cooperate with transforming growth factor (TGF-β), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and other cytokines, and form complex "network" signaling pathways to influence the activation, proliferation, migration and apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), suggesting that miRNAs may regulate biological behaviors of HSCs via various signal transduction pathways, and have a great influence on the development of hepatic fibrosis. This article will review the impact of miRNAs on the biological functions of HSCs via different signal transduction pathways.
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Chen Y, Verfaillie CM. MicroRNAs: the fine modulators of liver development and function. Liver Int 2014; 34:976-90. [PMID: 24517588 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs involved in the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. The function of miRNAs in liver disease including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatitis, and alcoholic liver disease, have been widely studied and extensively reviewed. Increasing evidence demonstrates that miRNAs also play a critical role in normal liver development and in the fine-tuning of fundamental biological liver processes. In this review, we highlight the most recent findings on the role of miRNAs in liver specification and differentiation, liver cell development, as well as in the many metabolic functions of the liver, including glucose, lipid, iron and drug metabolism. These findings demonstrate an important role of miRNAs in normal liver development and function. Further researches will be needed to fully understand how miRNAs regulate liver generation and metabolic function, which should then lead to greater insights in liver biology and perhaps open up the possibility to correct errors that cause liver diseases or metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemiao Chen
- Southwest Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute Leuven, Cluster Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, KU Leuven Medical School, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Zhang L, He S, Guo S, Xie W, Xin R, Yu H, Yang F, Qiu J, Zhang D, Zhou S, Zhang K. Down-regulation of miR-34a alleviates mesangial proliferation in vitro and glomerular hypertrophy in early diabetic nephropathy mice by targeting GAS1. J Diabetes Complications 2014; 28:259-64. [PMID: 24560136 PMCID: PMC4087162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major diabetic complication characterized by mesangial proliferation and glomerular hypertrophy. MicroRNAs might play an important role in these pathological processes. The aim of this study is to examine the possible association of miR-34a as one of the microRNAs with DN and underlying mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. METHODS According to previous results of microarray which compared the different microRNAs between diabetic and normal control mice, miR-34a was chosen and its expression was detected by qRT-PCR. Cell viability was then assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) and 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine (EDU) incorporation. Antagomir was injected in db/db mice to down regulate miR-34a. Average diameter of glomeruli was analyzed by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain of kidney. Luciferase gene report assay was then performed to identify the target gene of miR-34a. Additional immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analyses were implemented to verify the expression level of growth arrest-specific 1 (GAS1). RESULTS MiR-34a expression level was increased under high glucose condition in vitro and in vivo. Down-regulation of miR-34a inhibits mice mesangial cells (MMCs) proliferation in vitro and alleviates glomerular hypertrophy in vivo. GAS1 was proved to be the target of miR-34a through luciferase report. Moreover, up-regulation of GAS1 expression was observed in the presence of miR-34a antagomir as compared with miR-34a antagomir-NC in high-glucose-treated MMCs and db/db mice, respectively. CONCLUSIONS MiR-34a regulated mesangial proliferation and glomerular hypertrophy by directly inhibiting GAS1 in early DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Center of Medical Experiment & Technology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Siyi He
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Shaodong Guo
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Wei Xie
- Center of Medical Experiment & Technology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Rong Xin
- Center of Medical Experiment & Technology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Center of Medical Experiment & Technology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Center of Medical Experiment & Technology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Center of Medical Experiment & Technology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Center of Medical Experiment & Technology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Shiwen Zhou
- Clinical Drug Trials Agency, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Kebin Zhang
- Center of Medical Experiment & Technology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
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Finch ML, Marquardt JU, Yeoh GC, Callus BA. Regulation of microRNAs and their role in liver development, regeneration and disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 54:288-303. [PMID: 24731940 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since their discovery more than a decade ago microRNAs have been demonstrated to have profound effects on almost every aspect of biology. Numerous studies in recent years have shown that microRNAs have important roles in development and in the etiology and progression of disease. This review is focused on microRNAs and the roles they play in liver development, regeneration and liver disease; particularly chronic liver diseases such as alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, viral hepatitis and primary liver cancer. The key microRNAs identified in liver development and chronic liver disease will be discussed together with, where possible, the target messenger RNAs that these microRNAs regulate to profoundly alter these processes. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: The Non-coding RNA Revolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Finch
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia.
| | - Jens U Marquardt
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - George C Yeoh
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands 6000, WA, Australia.
| | - Bernard A Callus
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia.
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MicroRNA-21 accelerates hepatocyte proliferation in vitro via PI3K/Akt signaling by targeting PTEN. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 443:802-7. [PMID: 24342610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in controlling hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration. In this study, we established the miRNAs-expression patterns of primary hepatocytes in vitro under stimulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF), and found that microRNA-21 (miR-21) was appreciably up-regulated and peaked at 12h. In addition, we further presented evidences indicating that miR-21 promotes primary hepatocyte proliferation through in vitro transfecting with miR-21 mimics or inhibitor. We further demonstrated that phosphatidylinositol 3'-OH kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling was altered accordingly, it is, by targeting phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10, PI3K/Akt signaling is activated by miR-21 to accelerate hepatocyte rapid S-phase entry and proliferation in vitro.
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Cui L, Shi Y, Zhou X, Wang X, Wang J, Lan Y, Wang M, Zheng L, Li H, Wu Q, Zhang J, Fan D, Han Y. A set of microRNAs mediate direct conversion of human umbilical cord lining-derived mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocytes. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e918. [PMID: 24232094 PMCID: PMC3847311 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study, we elucidated the specific microRNA (miRNA) profile of hepatic differentiation. In this study, we aimed to clarify the instructive role of six overexpressed miRNAs (miR-1246, miR-1290, miR-148a, miR-30a, miR-424 and miR-542-5p) during hepatic differentiation of human umbilical cord lining-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and to test whether overexpression of any of these miRNAs is sufficient to induce differentiation of the hMSCs into hepatocyte-like cells. Before hepatic differentiation, hMSCs were infected with a lentivirus containing a miRNA inhibitor sequence. We found that downregulation of any one of the six hepatic differentiation-specific miRNAs can inhibit HGF-induced hepatic differentiation including albumin expression and LDL uptake. Although overexpression of any one of the six miRNAs alone or liver-enriched miR-122 cannot initiate hepatic differentiation, ectopic overexpression of seven miRNAs (miR-1246, miR-1290, miR-148a, miR-30a, miR-424, miR-542-5p and miR-122) together can stimulate hMSC conversion into functionally mature induced hepatocytes (iHep). Additionally, after transplantation of the iHep cells into mice with CCL4-induced liver injury, we found that iHep not only can improve liver function but it also can restore injured livers. The findings from this study indicate that miRNAs have the capability of directly converting hMSCs to a hepatocyte phenotype in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Schaap FG, Leclercq IA, Jansen PLM, Olde Damink SW. Prometheus' little helper, a novel role for fibroblast growth factor 15 in compensatory liver growth. J Hepatol 2013; 59:1121-3. [PMID: 23867316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank G Schaap
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO BOX 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Koufaris C, Wright J, Osborne M, Currie RA, Gooderham NJ. Time and dose-dependent effects of phenobarbital on the rat liver miRNAome. Toxicology 2013; 314:247-53. [PMID: 24157574 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study we had shown that treatment of male Fischer rats with exogenous chemicals for three months resulted in prominent, mode-of-action dependent effects on liver microRNA (miRNA) (Koufaris et al., 2012). Here we investigated how the effects of chemicals on liver miRNA in male Fischer rats relate to the length and dose of exposure to phenobarbital (PB), a drug with multiple established hepatic effects. Importantly, although acute PB treatment (1-7 days) had significant effects on liver mRNA and the expected effects on the liver phenotype (transient hyperplasia, hepatomegaly, cytochrome P450 induction), limited effects on liver miRNA were observed. However, at 14 days of PB treatment clear dose-dependent effects on miRNA were observed. The main effect of PB treatment from days 1 to 90 on liver miRNA was found to be the persistent, progressive, and highly correlated induction of the miR-200a/200b/429 and miR-96/182 clusters, occurring after the termination of the xenobiotic-induced transient hyperplasia. Moreover, in agreement with their reported functions in the literature we found associations between perturbations of miR-29b and miR-200a/200b by PB with global DNA methylation and zeb1/zeb2 proteins respectively. Our data suggest that miRNA are unlikely to play an important role in the acute responses of the adult rodent liver to PB treatment. However, the miRNA responses to longer PB exposures suggest a potential role for maintaining liver homeostasis in response to sub-chronic and chronic xenobiotic-induced perturbations. Similar studies for more chemicals are needed to clarify whether the temporal and dose pattern of miRNA-toxicant interaction identified here for PB are widely applicable to other xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costas Koufaris
- Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, SW72AZ, UK; Department of Cytogenetics and Genomics, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
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