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Shin KC, Huh JY, Ji Y, Han JS, Han SM, Park J, Nahmgoong H, Lee WT, Jeon YG, Kim B, Park C, Kang H, Choe SS, Kim JB. VLDL-VLDLR axis facilitates brown fat thermogenesis through replenishment of lipid fuels and PPARβ/δ activation. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111806. [PMID: 36516764 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, brown adipose tissue (BAT) is specialized to conduct non-shivering thermogenesis for survival under cold acclimation. Although emerging evidence suggests that lipid metabolites are essential for heat generation in cold-activated BAT, the underlying mechanisms of lipid uptake in BAT have not been thoroughly understood. Here, we show that very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) uptaken by VLDL receptor (VLDLR) plays important roles in thermogenic execution in BAT. Compared with wild-type mice, VLDLR knockout mice exhibit impaired thermogenic features. Mechanistically, VLDLR-mediated VLDL uptake provides energy sources for mitochondrial oxidation via lysosomal processing, subsequently enhancing thermogenic activity in brown adipocytes. Moreover, the VLDL-VLDLR axis potentiates peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)β/δ activity with thermogenic gene expression in BAT. Accordingly, VLDL-induced thermogenic capacity is attenuated in brown-adipocyte-specific PPARβ/δ knockout mice. Collectively, these data suggest that the VLDL-VLDLR axis in brown adipocytes is a key factor for thermogenic execution during cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Cheul Shin
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jin Young Huh
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yul Ji
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ji Seul Han
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sang Mun Han
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jeu Park
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hahn Nahmgoong
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Won Taek Lee
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yong Geun Jeon
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Bohyeon Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Chanyoon Park
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Heonjoong Kang
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sung Sik Choe
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Betz IR, Qaiyumi SJ, Goeritzer M, Thiele A, Brix S, Beyhoff N, Grune J, Klopfleisch R, Greulich F, Uhlenhaut NH, Kintscher U, Foryst-Ludwig A. Cardioprotective Effects of Palmitoleic Acid (C16:1n7) in a Mouse Model of Catecholamine-Induced Cardiac Damage Are Mediated by PPAR Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312695. [PMID: 34884498 PMCID: PMC8657733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Palmitoleic acid (C16:1n7) has been identified as a regulator of physiological cardiac hypertrophy. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the molecular pathways involved in C16:1n7 responses in primary murine cardiomyocytes (PCM) and a mouse model of isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac damage. PCMs were stimulated with C16:1n7 or a vehicle. Afterwards, RNA sequencing was performed using an Illumina HiSeq sequencer. Confirmatory analysis was performed in PCMs and HL-1 cardiomyocytes. For an in vivo study, 129 sv mice were orally treated with a vehicle or C16:1n7 for 22 days. After 5 days of pre-treatment, the mice were injected with ISO (25 mg/kg/d s. c.) for 4 consecutive days. Cardiac phenotyping was performed using echocardiography. In total, 129 genes were differentially expressed in PCMs stimulated with C16:1n7, including Angiopoietin-like factor 4 (Angptl4) and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 (Pdk4). Both Angptl4 and Pdk4 are proxisome proliferator-activated receptor α/δ (PPARα/δ) target genes. Our in vivo results indicated cardioprotective and anti-fibrotic effects of C16:1n7 application in mice. This was associated with the C16:1n7-dependent regulation of the cardiac PPAR-specific signaling pathways. In conclusion, our experiments demonstrated that C16:1n7 might have protective effects on cardiac fibrosis and inflammation. Our study may help to develop future lipid-based therapies for catecholamine-induced cardiac damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Rosa Betz
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (I.R.B.); (S.J.Q.); (M.G.); (A.T.); (S.B.); (N.B.); (J.G.); (U.K.)
- Berlin Institute of Health, Emergency Department Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Julia Qaiyumi
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (I.R.B.); (S.J.Q.); (M.G.); (A.T.); (S.B.); (N.B.); (J.G.); (U.K.)
| | - Madeleine Goeritzer
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (I.R.B.); (S.J.Q.); (M.G.); (A.T.); (S.B.); (N.B.); (J.G.); (U.K.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Thiele
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (I.R.B.); (S.J.Q.); (M.G.); (A.T.); (S.B.); (N.B.); (J.G.); (U.K.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Brix
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (I.R.B.); (S.J.Q.); (M.G.); (A.T.); (S.B.); (N.B.); (J.G.); (U.K.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Niklas Beyhoff
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (I.R.B.); (S.J.Q.); (M.G.); (A.T.); (S.B.); (N.B.); (J.G.); (U.K.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Grune
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (I.R.B.); (S.J.Q.); (M.G.); (A.T.); (S.B.); (N.B.); (J.G.); (U.K.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Franziska Greulich
- German Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), 85764 Munich, Germany; (F.G.); (N.H.U.)
- Metabolic Programming, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universitaet Muenchen (TUM), 85354 Freising, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Henriette Uhlenhaut
- German Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), 85764 Munich, Germany; (F.G.); (N.H.U.)
- Metabolic Programming, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universitaet Muenchen (TUM), 85354 Freising, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kintscher
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (I.R.B.); (S.J.Q.); (M.G.); (A.T.); (S.B.); (N.B.); (J.G.); (U.K.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Foryst-Ludwig
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (I.R.B.); (S.J.Q.); (M.G.); (A.T.); (S.B.); (N.B.); (J.G.); (U.K.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Teng MS, Wu S, Hsu LA, Tzeng IS, Chou HH, Su CW, Ko YL. Pleiotropic association of LIPC variants with lipid and urinary 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine levels in a Taiwanese population. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:111. [PMID: 31077211 PMCID: PMC6511151 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic lipase (HL, encoded by LIPC) is a glycoprotein primarily synthesized and secreted by hepatocytes. Previous studies had demonstrated that HL is crucial for reverse cholesterol transport and affects the metabolism, composition, and level of several lipoproteins. In current study, we investigated the association of LIPC (Lipase C, Hepatic Type) variants with circulating and urinary biomarker levels by using subgroup and mediation analyses. METHODS A total of 572 participants from Taiwan were genotyped for three LIPC single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by using TaqMan assay. Fasting levels of glucose, lipid profile, inflammation markers, urine creatinine and 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were measured. The chi-square test, 2-sample t test and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine differences among variables and genotype frequencies. RESULTS SNPs rs2043085 and rs1532085 were significantly associated with urinary 8-OHdG levels, whereas all three SNPs were more significantly associated with Triglycerides (TG) or HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels after additional adjustment for HDL-C or TG levels, respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed that the association of the LIPC SNPs with the levels of serum TG, HDL-C, and urinary 8-OHdG were predominantly observed in the men but not in the women. Differential associations of the LIPC SNPs with various lipid levels were observed in participants with different adiposity statuses. Mediation analyses indicated that TG levels acted as a suppressor masking the association of the LIPC genotypes with HDL-C levels, particularly in the men (Sobel test, all P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Our data revealed that interaction and suppression effects mediated the pleiotropic association of the LIPC variants. The effects of the LIPC SNPs depended on sex, adiposity status, and TG levels. Thus, our findings can provide a method for identifying high-risk populations of cardiovascular diseases for clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Sheng Teng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Semon Wu
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei city, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lung-An Hsu
- The First Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - I-Shiang Tzeng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hua Chou
- The Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Su
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Ko
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei city, Taiwan. .,The Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei city, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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4
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Shearer GC, Borkowski K, Puumala SL, Harris WS, Pedersen TL, Newman JW. Abnormal lipoprotein oxylipins in metabolic syndrome and partial correction by omega-3 fatty acids. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 128:1-10. [PMID: 29413356 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is characterized by chronic inflammation which mediates the associated high risk for cardiovascular and other diseases. Oxylipins are a superclass of lipid mediators with potent bioactivities in inflammation, vascular biology, and more. While their role as locally produced agents is appreciated, most oxylipins in plasma are found in lipoproteins suggesting defective regulation of inflammation could be mediated by the elevated VLDL and low HDL levels characteristic of MetSyn. Our objective was to compare the oxylipin composition of VLDL, LDL, and HDL in 14 optimally healthy individuals and 31 MetSyn patients, and then to determine the effects of treating MetSyn subjects with 4g/day of prescription omega-3 fatty acids (P-OM3) on lipoprotein oxylipin profiles. We compared oxylipin compositions of healthy (14) and MetSyn (31) subjects followed by randomization and assignment to 4g/d P-OM3 for 16 weeks using LC/MS/MS. Compared to healthy subjects, MetSyn is characterized by abnormalities of (1) pro-inflammatory, arachidonate-derived oxylipins from the lipoxygenase pathway in HDL; and (2) oxylipins mostly not derived from arachidonate in VLDL. P-OM3 treatment corrected many components of these abnormalities, reducing the burden of inflammatory mediators within peripherally circulating lipoproteins that could interfere with, or enhance, local effectors of inflammatory stress. We conclude that MetSyn is associated with a disruption of lipoprotein oxylipin patterns consistent with greater inflammatory stress, and the partial correction of these dysoxylipinemias by treatment with omega-3 fatty acids could explain some of their beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C Shearer
- Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA; Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA; The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Kamil Borkowski
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Park, PA, USA; West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - William S Harris
- Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA; Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Theresa L Pedersen
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John W Newman
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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5
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Cedó L, Santos D, Roglans N, Julve J, Pallarès V, Rivas-Urbina A, Llorente-Cortes V, Laguna JC, Blanco-Vaca F, Escolà-Gil JC. Human hepatic lipase overexpression in mice induces hepatic steatosis and obesity through promoting hepatic lipogenesis and white adipose tissue lipolysis and fatty acid uptake. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189834. [PMID: 29244870 PMCID: PMC5731695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human hepatic lipase (hHL) is mainly localized on the hepatocyte cell surface where it hydrolyzes lipids from remnant lipoproteins and high density lipoproteins and promotes their hepatic selective uptake. Furthermore, hepatic lipase (HL) is closely associated with obesity in multiple studies. Therefore, HL may play a key role on lipid homeostasis in liver and white adipose tissue (WAT). In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of hHL expression on hepatic and white adipose triglyceride metabolism in vivo. Experiments were carried out in hHL transgenic and wild-type mice fed a Western-type diet. Triglyceride metabolism studies included β-oxidation and de novo lipogenesis in liver and WAT, hepatic triglyceride secretion, and adipose lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-mediated free fatty acid (FFA) lipolysis and influx. The expression of hHL promoted hepatic triglyceride accumulation and de novo lipogenesis without affecting triglyceride secretion, and this was associated with an upregulation of Srebf1 as well as the main genes controlling the synthesis of fatty acids. Transgenic mice also exhibited more adiposity and an increased LPL-mediated FFA influx into the WAT without affecting glucose tolerance. Our results demonstrate that hHL promoted hepatic steatosis in mice mainly by upregulating de novo lipogenesis. HL also upregulated WAT LPL and promoted triglyceride-rich lipoprotein hydrolysis and adipose FFA uptake. These data support the important role of hHL in regulating hepatic lipid homeostasis and confirm the broad cardiometabolic role of HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Cedó
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - David Santos
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Núria Roglans
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Pallarès
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Rivas-Urbina
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortes
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology Group. CSIC-ICCC-IIB-Sant Pau and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IibB)-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Laguna
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (FBV); (JCE-G)
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (FBV); (JCE-G)
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Wang X, Wang G, Shi Y, Sun L, Gorczynski R, Li YJ, Xu Z, Spaner DE. PPAR-delta promotes survival of breast cancer cells in harsh metabolic conditions. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e232. [PMID: 27270614 PMCID: PMC4945742 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta (PPARδ) in breast cancer cells is negatively associated with patient survival, but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. High PPARδ protein levels in rat breast adenocarcinomas were found to be associated with increased growth in soft agar and mice. Transgenic expression of PPARδ increased the ability of human breast cancer cell lines to migrate in vitro and form lung metastases in mice. PPARδ also conferred the ability to grow in exhausted tissue culture media and survive in low-glucose and other endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions such as hypoxia. Upregulation of PPARδ by glucocorticoids or synthetic agonists also protected human breast cancer cells from low glucose. Survival in low glucose was related to increased antioxidant defenses mediated in part by catalase and also to late AKT phosphorylation, which is associated with the prolonged glucose-deprivation response. Synthetic antagonists reversed the survival benefits conferred by PPARδ in vitro. These findings suggest that PPARδ conditions breast cancer cells to survive in harsh microenvironmental conditions by reducing oxidative stress and enhancing survival signaling responses. Drugs that target PPARδ may have a role in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Biology Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - G Wang
- Biology Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Y Shi
- Biology Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Sun
- Biology Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - R Gorczynski
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Transplant Research Division, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Y-J Li
- Biology Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Z Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - D E Spaner
- Biology Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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7
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PPARs: Protectors or Opponents of Myocardial Function? PPAR Res 2015; 2015:835985. [PMID: 26713088 PMCID: PMC4680114 DOI: 10.1155/2015/835985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 5 million people in the United States suffer from the complications of heart failure (HF), which is a rapidly expanding health complication. Disorders that contribute to HF include ischemic cardiac disease, cardiomyopathies, and hypertension. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor family. There are three PPAR isoforms: PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARδ. They can be activated by endogenous ligands, such as fatty acids, as well as by pharmacologic agents. Activators of PPARs are used for treating several metabolic complications, such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia that are directly or indirectly associated with HF. However, some of these drugs have adverse effects that compromise cardiac function. This review article aims to summarize the current basic and clinical research findings of the beneficial or detrimental effects of PPAR biology on myocardial function.
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8
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Foryst-Ludwig A, Kreissl MC, Benz V, Brix S, Smeir E, Ban Z, Januszewicz E, Salatzki J, Grune J, Schwanstecher AK, Blumrich A, Schirbel A, Klopfleisch R, Rothe M, Blume K, Halle M, Wolfarth B, Kershaw EE, Kintscher U. Adipose Tissue Lipolysis Promotes Exercise-induced Cardiac Hypertrophy Involving the Lipokine C16:1n7-Palmitoleate. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:23603-15. [PMID: 26260790 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.645341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance exercise training induces substantial adaptive cardiac modifications such as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Simultaneously to the development of LVH, adipose tissue (AT) lipolysis becomes elevated upon endurance training to cope with enhanced energy demands. In this study, we investigated the impact of adipose tissue lipolysis on the development of exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Mice deficient for adipose triglyceride lipase (Atgl) in AT (atATGL-KO) were challenged with chronic treadmill running. Exercise-induced AT lipolytic activity was significantly reduced in atATGL-KO mice accompanied by the absence of a plasma fatty acid (FA) increase. These processes were directly associated with a prominent attenuation of myocardial FA uptake in atATGL-KO and a significant reduction of the cardiac hypertrophic response to exercise. FA serum profiling revealed palmitoleic acid (C16:1n7) as a new molecular co-mediator of exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inducing nonproliferative cardiomyocyte growth. In parallel, serum FA analysis and echocardiography were performed in 25 endurance athletes. In consonance, the serum C16:1n7 palmitoleate level exhibited a significantly positive correlation with diastolic interventricular septum thickness in those athletes. No correlation existed between linoleic acid (18:2n6) and diastolic interventricular septum thickness. Collectively, our data provide the first evidence that adipose tissue lipolysis directly promotes the development of exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy involving the lipokine C16:1n7 palmitoleate as a molecular co-mediator. The identification of a lipokine involved in physiological cardiac growth may help to develop future lipid-based therapies for pathological LVH or heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Foryst-Ludwig
- From the Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany, the DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael C Kreissl
- the Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Verena Benz
- From the Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Brix
- From the Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elia Smeir
- From the Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zsofia Ban
- From the Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elżbieta Januszewicz
- From the Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Janek Salatzki
- From the Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Grune
- From the Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Schwanstecher
- From the Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annelie Blumrich
- From the Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Schirbel
- the Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- the Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Blume
- the Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation, and Sports Medicine, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, 80809 Muenchen, Germany
| | - Martin Halle
- the Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation, and Sports Medicine, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, 80809 Muenchen, Germany, the DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, 80809 Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Wolfarth
- the Department of Sports Medicine, Humboldt University/Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Erin E Kershaw
- the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, and
| | - Ulrich Kintscher
- From the Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany, the DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), 10115 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Varela LM, López S, Ortega-Gómez A, Bermúdez B, Buers I, Robenek H, Muriana FJG, Abia R. Postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins regulate perilipin-2 and perilipin-3 lipid-droplet-associated proteins in macrophages. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 26:327-36. [PMID: 25595097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid accumulation in macrophages contributes to atherosclerosis. Within macrophages, lipids are stored in lipid droplets (LDs); perilipin-2 and perilipin-3 are the main LD-associated proteins. Postprandial triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins induce LD accumulation in macrophages. The role of postprandial lipoproteins in perilipin-2 and perilipin-3 regulation was studied. TG-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) induced the levels of intracellular TGs, LDs and perilipin-2 protein expression in THP-1 macrophages and in Apoe(-/-) mice bone-marrow-derived macrophages with low and high basal levels of TGs. Perilipin-3 was only synthesized in mice macrophages with low basal levels of TGs. The regulation was dependent on the fatty acid composition of the lipoproteins; monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) more strongly attenuated these effects compared with saturated fatty acids. In THP-1 macrophages, immunofluorescence microscopy and freeze-fracture immunogold labeling indicated that the lipoproteins translocated perilipin-3 from the cytoplasm to the LD surface; only the lipoproteins that were rich in PUFAs suppressed this effect. Chemical inhibition showed that lipoproteins induced perilipin-2 protein expression through the peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptor (PPAR) PPARα and PPARγ pathways. Overall, our data indicate that postprandial TRLs may be involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation through the regulation of perilipin-2 and perilipin-3 proteins in macrophages. Because the fatty acid composition of the lipoproteins is dependent on the type of fat consumed, the ingestion of olive oil, which is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, and fish oil, which is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, can be considered a good nutritional strategy to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis by LD-associated proteins decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes M Varela
- Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Sergio López
- Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Almudena Ortega-Gómez
- Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Beatriz Bermúdez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Insa Buers
- Leibniz Institute for Arteriosclerosis Research, Münster, Germany
| | - Horst Robenek
- Institute for Experimental Musculosceletal Medicine, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Domagkstr. 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Francisco J G Muriana
- Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío Abia
- Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain.
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10
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Effect of omega-3 fatty acid ethyl esters on the oxylipin composition of lipoproteins in hypertriglyceridemic, statin-treated subjects. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111471. [PMID: 25393536 PMCID: PMC4230929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxylipins mediate inflammation, vascular tension, and more. Their presence in lipoproteins could explain why lipoproteins mediate nearly identical activities. Methods To determine how oxylipins are distributed in the lipoproteins of hypertriglyceridemic subjects, and whether omega-3 fatty acids alter them in a manner consistent with improved cardiovascular health, we recruited 15 dyslipidemic subjects whose levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were at goal but who remained hypertriglyceridemic (200–499 mg/dL). They were treated them with the indicated dose of 4 g/d omega-3 acid ethyl esters (P-OM3) for 8 weeks. Measured oxylipins included mid-chain alcohols (HETEs, HEPEs and HDoHEs), ketones (KETEs), epoxides (as EpETrEs, EpETEs, and EpDPEs). Results At baseline, arachidonate-oxylipins (HETEs, KETEs, and EpETrEs) were most abundant in plasma with the greatest fraction of total abundance (mean |95% CI|) being carried in high density lipoproteins (HDL); 42% |31, 57| followed by very low density lipoproteins (VLDL); 27% |20, 36|; and LDL 21% |16, 28|. EPA- and DHA-derived oxylipins constituted less than 11% of total. HDL carried alcohols and epoxides but VLDL was also rich in ketones. Treatment decreased AA-derived oxylipins across lipoprotein classes (−23% |−33, −12|, p = 0.0003), and expanded EPA−(322% |241, 422|, p<0.0001) and DHA-derived oxylipins (123% |80, 176|, p<0.0001). Conclusions Each lipoprotein class carries a unique oxylipin complement. P-OM3 treatment alters the oxylipin content of all classes, reducing pro-inflammatory and increasing anti-inflammatory species, consistent with the improved inflammatory and vascular status associated with the treatment. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00959842
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11
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Liu S, Brown JD, Stanya KJ, Homan E, Leidl M, Inouye K, Bhargava P, Gangl MR, Dai L, Hatano B, Hotamisligil GS, Saghatelian A, Plutzky J, Lee CH. A diurnal serum lipid integrates hepatic lipogenesis and peripheral fatty acid use. Nature 2013; 502:550-4. [PMID: 24153306 PMCID: PMC4141623 DOI: 10.1038/nature12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Food intake increases the activity of hepatic de novo lipogenesis, which mediates the conversion of glucose to fats for storage or utilization. In mice, this program follows a circadian rhythm that peaks with nocturnal feeding1,2 and is repressed by Rev-erbα/β and an HDAC3-containing complex3–5 during the day. The transcriptional activators controlling rhythmic lipid synthesis in the dark cycle remain poorly defined. Disturbances in hepatic lipogenesis are also associated with systemic metabolic phenotypes6–8, suggesting that lipogenesis in the liver communicates with peripheral tissues to control energy substrate homeostasis. Here we identify a PPARδ-dependent de novo lipogenic pathway in the liver that modulates fat utilization by muscle via a circulating lipid. The nuclear receptor PPARδ controls diurnal expression of lipogenic genes in the dark/feeding cycle. Liver-specific PPARδ activation increases, while hepatocyte-Ppard deletion reduces, muscle fatty acid (FA) uptake. Unbiased metabolite profiling identifies PC(18:0/18:1), or 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (SOPC), as a serum lipid regulated by diurnal hepatic PPARδ activity. PC(18:0/18:1) reduces postprandial lipid levels and increases FA utilization through muscle PPARα. High fat feeding diminishes rhythmic production of PC(18:0/18:1), whereas PC(18:0/18:1) administration in db/db mice improves metabolic homeostasis. These findings reveal an integrated regulatory circuit coupling lipid synthesis in the liver to energy utilization in muscle by coordinating the activity of two closely related nuclear receptors. These data implicate alterations in diurnal hepatic PPARδ-PC(18:0/18:1) signaling in metabolic disorders including obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihao Liu
- 1] Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Division of Biological Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2]
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12
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Demchev V, Malana G, Vangala D, Stoll J, Desai A, Kang HW, Li Y, Nayeb-Hashemi H, Niepel M, Cohen DE, Ukomadu C. Targeted deletion of fibrinogen like protein 1 reveals a novel role in energy substrate utilization. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58084. [PMID: 23483972 PMCID: PMC3590190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrinogen like protein 1(Fgl1) is a secreted protein with mitogenic activity on primary hepatocytes. Fgl1 is expressed in the liver and its expression is enhanced following acute liver injury. In animals with acute liver failure, administration of recombinant Fgl1 results in decreased mortality supporting the notion that Fgl1 stimulates hepatocyte proliferation and/or protects hepatocytes from injury. However, because Fgl1 is secreted and detected in the plasma, it is possible that the role of Fgl1 extends far beyond its effect on hepatocytes. In this study, we show that Fgl1 is additionally expressed in brown adipose tissue. We find that signals elaborated following liver injury also enhance the expression of Fgl1 in brown adipose tissue suggesting that there is a cross talk between the injured liver and adipose tissues. To identify extra hepatic effects, we generated Fgl1 deficient mice. These mice exhibit a phenotype suggestive of a global metabolic defect: Fgl1 null mice are heavier than wild type mates, have abnormal plasma lipid profiles, fasting hyperglycemia with enhanced gluconeogenesis and exhibit differences in white and brown adipose tissue morphology when compared to wild types. Because Fgl1 shares structural similarity to Angiopoietin like factors 2, 3, 4 and 6 which regulate lipid metabolism and energy utilization, we postulate that Fgl1 is a member of an emerging group of proteins with key roles in metabolism and liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy Demchev
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Geraldine Malana
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Divya Vangala
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Janis Stoll
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anal Desai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hye Won Kang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yingxia Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hamed Nayeb-Hashemi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michele Niepel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David E. Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chinweike Ukomadu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Goselink R, van Baal J, Widjaja H, Dekker R, Zom R, de Veth M, van Vuuren A. Effect of rumen-protected choline supplementation on liver and adipose gene expression during the transition period in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Abstract
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) activity is crucial to maintains blood glucose and ATP levels, which largely depends on the phosphorylation status by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) isoenzymes. Although it has been reported that PDC is phosphorylated and inactivated by PDK2 and PDK4 in metabolically active tissues including liver, skeletal muscle, heart, and kidney during starvation and diabetes, the precise mechanisms by which expression of PDK2 and PDK4 are transcriptionally regulated still remains unclear. Insulin represses the expression of PDK2 and PDK4 via phosphorylation of FOXO through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Several nuclear hormone receptors activated due to fasting or increased fat supply, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, glucocorticoid receptors, estrogen-related receptors, and thyroid hormone receptors, also participate in the up-regulation of PDK2 and PDK4; however, the endogenous ligands that bind those nuclear receptors have not been identified. It has been recently suggested that growth hormone, adiponectin, epinephrine, and rosiglitazone also control the expression of PDK4 in tissue-specific manners. In this review, we discuss several factors involved in the expressional regulation of PDK2 and PDK4, and introduce current studies aimed at providing a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the development of metabolic diseases such as diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yun Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Nam Ho Jeoung
- Department of Fundamental Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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15
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Katusic ZS, Santhanam AV, He T. Vascular effects of prostacyclin: does activation of PPARδ play a role? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 33:559-64. [PMID: 22727878 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostacyclin (PGI(2)) is a potent vasodilator that exerts multiple vasoprotective effects in the cardiovascular system. The effects of PGI(2) are mediated by activation of the cell membrane G-protein-coupled PGI(2) receptor (IP receptor). More recently, however, it has been suggested that PGI(2) might also serve as an endogenous ligand and activator of nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorδ (PPARδ). Consistent with this concept, studies designed to define pharmacological properties of stable PGI(2) analogs revealed that beneficial effects of these compounds appear to be mediated, in part, by activation of PPARδ. This review discusses emerging evidence regarding the contribution of PPARδ activation to vasoprotective and regenerative functions of PGI(2) and stable analogs of PGI(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvonimir S Katusic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
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16
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Kiefer FW, Vernochet C, O'Brien P, Spoerl S, Brown JD, Nallamshetty S, Zeyda M, Stulnig TM, Cohen DE, Kahn CR, Plutzky J. Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 regulates a thermogenic program in white adipose tissue. Nat Med 2012; 18:918-25. [PMID: 22561685 PMCID: PMC3792792 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Promoting brown adipose tissue (BAT) formation and function may reduce obesity. Recent data link retinoids to energy balance, but a specific role for retinoid metabolism in white versus brown fat is unknown. Retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (Aldhs), also known as aldehyde dehydrogenases, are rate-limiting enzymes that convert retinaldehyde (Rald) to retinoic acid. Here we show that Aldh1a1 is expressed predominately in white adipose tissue (WAT), including visceral depots in mice and humans. Deficiency of the Aldh1a1 gene induced a BAT-like transcriptional program in WAT that drove uncoupled respiration and adaptive thermogenesis. WAT-selective Aldh1a1 knockdown conferred this BAT program in obese mice, limiting weight gain and improving glucose homeostasis. Rald induced uncoupling protein-1 (Ucp1) mRNA and protein levels in white adipocytes by selectively activating the retinoic acid receptor (RAR), recruiting the coactivator PGC-1α and inducing Ucp1 promoter activity. These data establish Aldh1a1 and its substrate Rald as previously unrecognized determinants of adipocyte plasticity and adaptive thermogenesis, which may have potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian W Kiefer
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Abstract
Consumption of specific dietary fatty acids has been shown to influence risk and progression of several chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, cancer, and arthritis. In recent years, insights into the mechanisms underlying the biological effects of fatty acids have improved considerably and have provided the foundation for the emerging concept of fatty acid sensing, which can be interpreted as the property of fatty acids to influence biological processes by serving as signaling molecules. An important mechanism of fatty acid sensing is via stimulation or inhibition of DNA transcription. Here, we focus on fatty acid sensing via regulation of gene transcription and address the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1, Toll-like receptor 4, G protein-coupled receptors, and other putative mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Georgiadi
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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