1
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Mutations in DISC1 alter IP 3R and voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel functioning, implications for major mental illness. Neuronal Signal 2021; 5:NS20180122. [PMID: 34956649 PMCID: PMC8663806 DOI: 10.1042/ns20180122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) participates in a wide variety of
developmental processes of central neurons. It also serves critical roles that
underlie cognitive functioning in adult central neurons. Here we summarize
DISC1’s general properties and discuss its use as a model system for
understanding major mental illnesses (MMIs). We then discuss the cellular
actions of DISC1 that involve or regulate Ca2+ signaling in adult
central neurons. In particular, we focus on the tethering role DISC1 plays in
transporting RNA particles containing Ca2+ channel subunit RNAs,
including IP3R1, CACNA1C and CACNA2D1, and in transporting mitochondria into
dendritic and axonal processes. We also review DISC1’s role in modulating
IP3R1 activity within mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM).
Finally, we discuss DISC1-glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)
signaling that regulates functional expression of voltage-gated Ca2+
channels (VGCCs) at central synapses. In each case, DISC1 regulates the movement
of molecules that impact Ca2+ signaling in neurons.
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2
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Two Thalamic Regions Screened Using Laser Capture Microdissection with Whole Human Genome Microarray in Schizophrenia Postmortem Samples. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2020; 2020:5176834. [PMID: 32566292 PMCID: PMC7285254 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5176834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We used whole human genome microarray screening of highly enriched neuronal populations from two thalamic regions in postmortem samples from subjects with schizophrenia and controls to identify brain region-specific gene expression changes and possible transcriptional targets. The thalamic anterior nucleus is reciprocally connected to anterior cingulate, a schizophrenia-affected cortical region, and is also thought to be schizophrenia affected; the other thalamic region is not. Using two regions in the same subject to identify disease-relevant gene expression differences was novel and reduced intersubject heterogeneity of findings. We found gene expression differences related to miRNA-137 and other SZ-associated microRNAs, ELAVL1, BDNF, DISC-1, MECP2 and YWHAG associated findings, synapses, and receptors. Manual curation of our data may support transcription repression.
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3
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Rhoades R, Jackson F, Teng S. Discovery of rare variants implicated in schizophrenia using next-generation sequencing. JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL GENETICS AND GENOMICS 2019; 3:1-20. [PMID: 33981965 PMCID: PMC8112455 DOI: 10.20517/jtgg.2018.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a highly heritable psychiatric disorder that affects 1% of the population. Genome-wide association studies have identified common variants in candidate genes associated with schizophrenia, but the genetics mechanisms of this disorder have not yet been elucidated. The discovery of rare genetic variants that contribute to schizophrenia symptoms promises to help explain the missing heritability of the disease. Next generation sequencing techniques are revolutionizing the field of psychiatric genetics. Various statistical approaches have been developed for rare variant association testing in case-control and family studies. Targeted resequencing, whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing combined with these computational tools are used for the discovery of rare genetic variations in schizophrenia. The findings provide useful information for characterizing the rare mutations and elucidating the genetic mechanisms by which the variants cause schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina Rhoades
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Fatimah Jackson
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Shaolei Teng
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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4
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Ma JH, Sun XY, Guo TJ, Barot E, Wang DF, Yan LL, Ni DW, Huang NH, Xie Q, Zeng J, Ou-Yang L, Liu YQ, Lu QB. Association on DISC1 SNPs with schizophrenia risk: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:306-309. [PMID: 30286368 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a major psychiatric disorder with complex genetic, environmental, and psychological etiologies. Although DISC1 gene has been shown as a risk factor for schizophrenia in some reports, there is a lack of a consensus. We therefore performed separate meta-analyses aiming to assess the associations between DISC1 SNPs and schizophrenia risk. We found that SNP rs821597 is significantly associated with schizophrenia risk in terms of both allelic and genotypic distribution, while SNP rs821616 is associated with schizophrenia in terms of genotypic distribution, especially in cases above 40 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Ma
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Sun
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Tong-Jun Guo
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Emily Barot
- Bioinformatics Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.
| | | | - Lai-Lai Yan
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Da-Wei Ni
- Central Hospital of Fengxian, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Ning-Hua Huang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Li Ou-Yang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Ya-Qiong Liu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Qing-Bin Lu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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5
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Shen X, Yeung HT, Lai KO. Application of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs) to Study Synaptopathy of Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Dev Neurobiol 2018; 79:20-35. [PMID: 30304570 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Synapses are the basic structural and functional units for information processing and storage in the brain. Their diverse properties and functions ultimately underlie the complexity of human behavior. Proper development and maintenance of synapses are essential for normal functioning of the nervous system. Disruption in synaptogenesis and the consequent alteration in synaptic function have been strongly implicated to cause neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and schizophrenia (SCZ). The introduction of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provides a new path to elucidate disease mechanisms and potential therapies. In this review, we will discuss the advantages and limitations of using hiPSC-derived neurons to study synaptic disorders. Many mutations in genes encoding for proteins that regulate synaptogenesis have been identified in patients with ASDs and SCZ. We use Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2), SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 (SHANK3) and Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) as examples to illustrate the promise of using hiPSCs as cellular models to elucidate the mechanisms underlying disease-related synaptopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuting Shen
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hoi Ting Yeung
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-On Lai
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
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6
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Teng S, Thomson PA, McCarthy S, Kramer M, Muller S, Lihm J, Morris S, Soares DC, Hennah W, Harris S, Camargo LM, Malkov V, McIntosh AM, Millar JK, Blackwood DH, Evans KL, Deary IJ, Porteous DJ, McCombie WR. Rare disruptive variants in the DISC1 Interactome and Regulome: association with cognitive ability and schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1270-1277. [PMID: 28630456 PMCID: PMC5984079 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD) and recurrent major depressive disorder (rMDD) are common psychiatric illnesses. All have been associated with lower cognitive ability, and show evidence of genetic overlap and substantial evidence of pleiotropy with cognitive function and neuroticism. Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) protein directly interacts with a large set of proteins (DISC1 Interactome) that are involved in brain development and signaling. Modulation of DISC1 expression alters the expression of a circumscribed set of genes (DISC1 Regulome) that are also implicated in brain biology and disorder. Here we report targeted sequencing of 59 DISC1 Interactome genes and 154 Regulome genes in 654 psychiatric patients and 889 cognitively-phenotyped control subjects, on whom we previously reported evidence for trait association from complete sequencing of the DISC1 locus. Burden analyses of rare and singleton variants predicted to be damaging were performed for psychiatric disorders, cognitive variables and personality traits. The DISC1 Interactome and Regulome showed differential association across the phenotypes tested. After family-wise error correction across all traits (FWERacross), an increased burden of singleton disruptive variants in the Regulome was associated with SCZ (FWERacross P=0.0339). The burden of singleton disruptive variants in the DISC1 Interactome was associated with low cognitive ability at age 11 (FWERacross P=0.0043). These results identify altered regulation of schizophrenia candidate genes by DISC1 and its core Interactome as an alternate pathway for schizophrenia risk, consistent with the emerging effects of rare copy number variants associated with intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Teng
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington DC, USA
| | - P A Thomson
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC/University of Edinburgh Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S McCarthy
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - M Kramer
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - S Muller
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - J Lihm
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - S Morris
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC/University of Edinburgh Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D C Soares
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC/University of Edinburgh Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - W Hennah
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Harris
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC/University of Edinburgh Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK
| | - L M Camargo
- UCB New Medicines, One Broadway, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - V Malkov
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, MRL, Merck & Co, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J K Millar
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC/University of Edinburgh Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D H Blackwood
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K L Evans
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK
| | - I J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC/University of Edinburgh Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK
| | - W R McCombie
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
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7
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Gene polymorphisms of DISC1 is associated with schizophrenia: Evidence from a meta-analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 81:64-73. [PMID: 29031911 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggest an association between Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) polymorphisms and schizophrenia (SCZ). However, the available data are often inconsistent, regarding the difference in sample size, ethnicity, genotyping method, etc. Thus, we carried out a meta-analysis to determine whether DISC1 polymorphisms contributed susceptibility to SCZ. METHODS A methodical literature review was operated using the English and Chinese core electronic databases. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to determine the correlation between DISC1 gene polymorphisms and SCZ susceptibility. Subgroup analyses were carried out by stratification of ethnicity. P values were Bonferroni adjusted to account for multiple testing. Publication bias was evaluated by funnel plots, Egger's test and the trim and fill method. RESULTS Meta-analyses results suggested that DISC1 polymorphisms (rs821616 and rs821597) increased SCZ risk in overall populations. In subgroups of ethnicity, DISC1 polymorphisms (rs821616 and rs821597) was associated with susceptibility to SCZ among the Chinese population (for rs821616: TT+AT vs. AA: OR=1.338, 95% CI=1.124-1.592, P=0.001; T vs. A: OR=1.300, 95% CI=1.124-1.504, P<0.000; for rs821597: AA+AG vs. GG: OR=1.508, 95% CI=1.268-1.794, P<0.001; A vs. G: OR=1.345, 95% CI=1.184-1.527, P<0.001). A positive correlation was also observed between the single marker rs821616 and SCZ among the Japanese population in the recessive model (TT vs. AT+AA: OR=1.524, 95% CI=1.185-1.959, P=0.001). There was no significant relationship between other DISC1 polymorphisms (rs3738401, rs2273890, rs3738398, rs3738402, rs2492367, rs843979, rs3737597, rs4658971, rs1538979, rs1000731 and rs3738399) and SCZ. CONCLUSIONS DISC1 polymorphisms increased a risk of SCZ, especially in the Chinese population. In order to further corroborate our findings, large well-designed epidemiological studies are needed.
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8
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Green Snyder L, D'Angelo D, Chen Q, Bernier R, Goin-Kochel RP, Wallace AS, Gerdts J, Kanne S, Berry L, Blaskey L, Kuschner E, Roberts T, Sherr E, Martin CL, Ledbetter DH, Spiro JE, Chung WK, Hanson E. Autism Spectrum Disorder, Developmental and Psychiatric Features in 16p11.2 Duplication. J Autism Dev Disord 2017; 46:2734-2748. [PMID: 27207092 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-016-2807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The 16p11.2 duplication (BP4-BP5) is associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), although significant heterogeneity exists. Quantitative ASD, behavioral and neuropsychological measures and DSM-IV diagnoses in child and adult carriers were compared with familial non-carrier controls, and to published results from deletion carriers. The 16p11.2 duplication phenotype ranges widely from asymptomatic presentation to significant disability. The most common diagnoses were intellectual disability, motor delays and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in children, and anxiety in adults. ASD occurred in nearly 20 % of child cases, but a majority of carriers did not show the unique social features of ASD. The 16p11.2 duplication phenotype is characterized by wider variability than the reciprocal deletion, likely reflecting contributions from additional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debra D'Angelo
- Department of Biostatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qixuan Chen
- Department of Biostatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raphael Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Arianne Stevens Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer Gerdts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen Kanne
- Thompson Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Leandra Berry
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Kuschner
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elliot Sherr
- University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christa L Martin
- Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | - David H Ledbetter
- Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | - John E Spiro
- Simons Foundation, 160 5th Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Simons Foundation, 160 5th Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ellen Hanson
- Developmental Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Lin Y, Chahal HS, Wu W, Cho HG, Ransohoff KJ, Dai H, Tang JY, Sarin KY, Han J. Association between genetic variation within vitamin D receptor-DNA binding sites and risk of basal cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:2085-2091. [PMID: 28177523 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have reported a protective association between vitamin D and cancer risk. The vitamin D endocrine system regulates transcriptional programs involved in inflammation, cell growth and differentiation through the binding of vitamin D receptor (VDR) to specific VDR elements. However, limited attention has been given to the role of variation within VDR binding sites in the development of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Across 2,776 previously identified VDR binding sites, we identified 2,540 independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and examined their associations with BCC risk in a genome-wide association meta-analysis totaling 17,187 BCC cases and 287,054 controls from two data sets. After multiple testing corrections, we identified two SNPs at new loci (rs16917546 at 10q21.1: odds ratio (OR) = 1.06, p = 3.16 × 10-7 and rs79824801 at 12q13.3: OR = 1.10, p = 1.88 × 10-5 ) for the first time as independently related to BCC risk in meta-analysis; and both SNPs were nominally significant in two data sets. In addition, the SNP rs3769823 within VDR binding site at a previously reported BCC susceptibility locus (2q33.1, rs13014235) also exhibited a significant association (OR = 1.12, p = 3.99 × 10-18 ). A mutually adjusted model suggested that rs3769823 explained the signal in this region. Our findings support the hypothesis that inherited common variation in VDR binding sites affects the development of BCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Melvin & Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Harvind S Chahal
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Wenting Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Melvin & Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Hyunje G Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Hongji Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jean Y Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Kavita Y Sarin
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Melvin & Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
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10
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Mühle C, Kreczi J, Rhein C, Richter-Schmidinger T, Alexopoulos P, Doerfler A, Lenz B, Kornhuber J. Additive sex-specific influence of common non-synonymous DISC1 variants on amygdala, basal ganglia, and white cortical surface area in healthy young adults. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:881-894. [PMID: 27369464 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1253-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) gene is known for its role in the development of mental disorders. It is also involved in neurodevelopment, cognition, and memory. To investigate the association between DISC1 variants and brain morphology, we analyzed the influence of the three common non-synonymous polymorphisms in DISC1 on specific brain structures in healthy young adults. The volumes of brain regions were determined in 145 subjects by magnetic resonance imaging and automated analysis using FreeSurfer. Genotyping was performed by high resolution melting of amplified products. In an additive genetic model, rs6675281 (Leu607Phe), rs3738401 (Arg264Gln), and rs821616 (Ser704Cys) significantly explained the volume variance of the amygdala (p = 0.007) and the pallidum (p = 0.004). A higher cumulative portion of minor alleles was associated with larger volumes of the amygdala (p = 0.005), the pallidum (p = 0.001), the caudate (p = 0.024), and the putamen (p = 0.007). Sex-stratified analysis revealed a strong genetic effect of rs6675281 on putamen and pallidum in females but not in males and an opposite influence of rs3738401 on the white cortical surface in females compared to males. The strongest single association was found for rs821616 and the amygdala volume in male subjects (p < 0.001). No effect was detected for the nucleus accumbens. We report-to our knowledge-for the first time a significant and sex-specific influence of common DISC1 variants on volumes of the basal ganglia, the amygdala and on the cortical surface area. Our results demonstrate that the additive model of all three polymorphisms outperforms their single analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Jakob Kreczi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tanja Richter-Schmidinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar of the Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Arnd Doerfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Godin JD, Creppe C, Laguesse S, Nguyen L. Emerging Roles for the Unfolded Protein Response in the Developing Nervous System. Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:394-404. [PMID: 27130659 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a homeostatic signaling pathway triggered by protein misfolding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Beyond its protective role, it plays important functions during normal development in response to elevated demand for protein folding. Several UPR effectors show dynamic temporal and spatial expression patterns that correlate with milestones of the central nervous system (CNS) development. Here, we discuss recent studies suggesting that a dynamic regulation of UPR supports generation, maturation, and maintenance of differentiated neurons in the CNS. We further highlight studies supporting a developmental vulnerability of CNS to UPR dysregulation, which underlies neurodevelopmental disorders. We believe that a better understanding of UPR functions may provide novel opportunities for therapeutic strategies to fight ER/UPR-associated human neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette D Godin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
| | - Catherine Creppe
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium; Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Sophie Laguesse
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium; Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium; Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium; Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium.
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12
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Ishizuka K, Kimura H, Wang C, Xing J, Kushima I, Arioka Y, Oya-Ito T, Uno Y, Okada T, Mori D, Aleksic B, Ozaki N. Investigation of Rare Single-Nucleotide PCDH15 Variants in Schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorders. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153224. [PMID: 27058588 PMCID: PMC4825995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Both schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neuropsychiatric disorders with overlapping genetic etiology. Protocadherin 15 (PCDH15), which encodes a member of the cadherin super family that contributes to neural development and function, has been cited as a risk gene for neuropsychiatric disorders. Recently, rare variants of large effect have been paid attention to understand the etiopathology of these complex disorders. Thus, we evaluated the impacts of rare, single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in PCDH15 on SCZ or ASD. First, we conducted coding exon-targeted resequencing of PCDH15 with next-generation sequencing technology in 562 Japanese patients (370 SCZ and 192 ASD) and detected 16 heterozygous SNVs. We then performed association analyses on 2,096 cases (1,714 SCZ and 382 ASD) and 1,917 controls with six novel variants of these 16 SNVs. Of these six variants, four (p.R219K, p.T281A, p.D642N, c.3010-1G>C) were ultra-rare variants (minor allele frequency < 0.0005) that may increase disease susceptibility. Finally, no statistically significant association between any of these rare, heterozygous PCDH15 point variants and SCZ or ASD was found. Our results suggest that a larger sample size of resequencing subjects is necessary to detect associations between rare PCDH15 variants and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Ishizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chenyao Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jingrui Xing
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuko Arioka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoko Oya-Ito
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yota Uno
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Branko Aleksic
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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13
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Dachtler J, Elliott C, Rodgers RJ, Baillie GS, Clapcote SJ. Missense mutation in DISC1 C-terminal coiled-coil has GSK3β signaling and sex-dependent behavioral effects in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18748. [PMID: 26728762 PMCID: PMC4700527 DOI: 10.1038/srep18748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a risk factor for schizophrenia and affective disorders. The full-length DISC1 protein consists of an N-terminal 'head' domain and a C-terminal tail domain that contains several predicted coiled-coils, structural motifs involved in protein-protein interactions. To probe the in vivo effects of missense mutation of DISC1's C-terminal tail, we tested mice carrying mutation D453G within a predicted α-helical coiled-coil region. We report that, relative to wild-type littermates, female DISC1(D453G) mice exhibited novelty-induced hyperlocomotion, an anxiogenic profile in the elevated plus-maze and open field tests, and reduced social exploration of unfamiliar mice. Male DISC1(D453G) mice displayed a deficit in passive avoidance, while neither males nor females exhibited any impairment in startle reactivity or prepulse inhibition. Whole brain homogenates showed normal levels of DISC1 protein, but decreased binding of DISC1 to GSK3β, decreased phospho-inhibition of GSK3β at serine 9, and decreased levels of β-catenin in DISC1(D453G) mice of either sex. Interrupted GSK3β signaling may thus be part of the mechanism underlying the behavioral phenotype associated with D453G, in common with the previously described N-terminal domain mutations Q31L and L100P in mice, and the schizophrenia risk-conferring variant R264Q in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Dachtler
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Christina Elliott
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - R John Rodgers
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - George S Baillie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Steven J Clapcote
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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14
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Vachev TI, Stoyanova VK, Ivanov HY, Minkov IN, Popov NT. Investigation of fasciculation and elongation protein ζ-1 (FEZ1) in peripheral blood reveals differences in gene expression in patients with schizophrenia. Balkan J Med Genet 2015; 18:31-8. [PMID: 26929903 PMCID: PMC4768823 DOI: 10.1515/bjmg-2015-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by affective, neuromorphological and cognitive impairment, deteriorated social functioning and psychosis with underlying molecular abnormalities, including gene expression changes. Observations have suggested that fasciculation and elongation protein ζ-1 (FEZ1) may be implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Nevertheless, our current knowledge of the expression of FEZ1 in peripheral blood of schizophrenia patients remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristic gene expression patterns of FEZ1 in peripheral blood samples from schizophrenia patients. We performed quantitative reverse-transcriptase (qRT-PCR) analysis using peripheral blood from drug-free schizophrenia patients (n = 29) and age and gender-matched general population controls (n = 24). For the identification of FEZ1 gene expression patterns, we applied a comparative threshold cycle (CT) method. A statistically significant difference of FEZ1 mRNA level was revealed in schizophrenia subjects compared to healthy controls (p = 0.0034). To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first describing a down-regulation of FEZ1 gene expression in peripheral blood of patients with schizophrenia. Our results suggested a possible functional role of FEZ1 in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and confirmed the utility of peripheral blood samples for molecular profiling of psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. The current study describes FEZ1 gene expression changes in peripheral blood of patients with schizophrenia with significantly down-regulation of FEZ1 mRNA. Thus, our results provide support for a model of SZ pathogenesis that includes the effects of FEZ1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T I Vachev
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology University of Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski", Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Medical University - Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - V K Stoyanova
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Medical University - Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - H Y Ivanov
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Medical University - Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - I N Minkov
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology University of Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski", Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - N T Popov
- State Psychiatry Hospital Pazardzk, Pazardzk, Bulgaria
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15
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Cammaerts S, Strazisar M, Smets B, Weckhuysen S, Nordin A, De Jonghe P, Adolfsson R, De Rijk P, Del Favero J. Schizophrenia-Associated MIR204 Regulates Noncoding RNAs and Affects Neurotransmitter and Ion Channel Gene Sets. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144428. [PMID: 26714269 PMCID: PMC4695081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As regulators of gene expression, microRNAs (miRNAs) are likely to play an important role in the development of disease. In this study we present a large-scale strategy to identify miRNAs with a role in the regulation of neuronal processes. Thereby we found variant rs7861254 located near the MIR204 gene to be significantly associated with schizophrenia. This variant resulted in reduced expression of miR-204 in neuronal-like SH-SY5Y cells. Analysis of the consequences of the altered miR-204 expression on the transcriptome of these cells uncovered a new mode of action for miR-204, being the regulation of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including several miRNAs, such as MIR296. Furthermore, pathway analysis showed downstream effects of miR-204 on neurotransmitter and ion channel related gene sets, potentially mediated by miRNAs regulated through miR-204.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Cammaerts
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Applied Molecular Genomics Unit, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mojca Strazisar
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Applied Molecular Genomics Unit, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bart Smets
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Centralized Service Facility, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah Weckhuysen
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Neurogenetics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Annelie Nordin
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter De Jonghe
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Neurogenetics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rolf Adolfsson
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter De Rijk
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Applied Molecular Genomics Unit, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jurgen Del Favero
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Applied Molecular Genomics Unit, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Multiplicom N.V., Niel, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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16
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Suárez-Rama JJ, Arrojo M, Sobrino B, Amigo J, Brenlla J, Agra S, Paz E, Brión M, Carracedo Á, Páramo M, Costas J. Resequencing and association analysis of coding regions at twenty candidate genes suggest a role for rare risk variation at AKAP9 and protective variation at NRXN1 in schizophrenia susceptibility. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 66-67:38-44. [PMID: 25943950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A fraction of genetic risk to develop schizophrenia may be due to low-frequency variants. This multistep study attempted to find low-frequency variants of high effect at coding regions of eleven schizophrenia susceptibility genes supported by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and nine genes for the DISC1 interactome, a susceptibility gene-set. During the discovery step, a total of 125 kb per sample were resequenced in 153 schizophrenia patients and 153 controls from Galicia (NW Spain), and the cumulative role of low-frequency variants at a gene or at the DISC1 gene-set were analyzed by burden and variance-based tests. Relevant results were meta-analyzed when appropriate data were available. In addition, case-only putative damaging variants were genotyped in a further 419 cases and 398 controls. The discovery step revealed a protective effect of rare missense variants at NRXN1, a result supported by meta-analysis (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.47-0.94, P = 0.021, based on 3848 patients and 3896 controls from six studies). The follow-up step based on case-only putative damaging variants revealed a promising risk variant at AKAP9. This variant, K873R, reached nominal significance after inclusion of 240 additional Spanish controls from databases. The variant, located in an ADCY2 binding region, is absent from large public databases. Interestingly, GWAS revealed an association between common ADCY2 variants and bipolar disorder, a disorder with considerable genetic overlap with schizophrenia. These data suggest a role of rare missense variants at NRXN1 and AKAP9 in schizophrenia susceptibility, probably related to alteration of the excitatory/inhibitory synaptic balance, deserving further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Javier Suárez-Rama
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Arrojo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Beatriz Sobrino
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jorge Amigo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Julio Brenlla
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Servizo de Psiquiatría, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago(CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Santiago Agra
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Servizo de Psiquiatría, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago(CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eduardo Paz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Servizo de Psiquiatría, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago(CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Brión
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mario Páramo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Servizo de Psiquiatría, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago(CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Costas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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17
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Basmanav FB, Forstner AJ, Fier H, Herms S, Meier S, Degenhardt F, Hoffmann P, Barth S, Fricker N, Strohmaier J, Witt SH, Ludwig M, Schmael C, Moebus S, Maier W, Mössner R, Rujescu D, Rietschel M, Lange C, Nöthen MM, Cichon S. Investigation of the role of TCF4 rare sequence variants in schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2015; 168B:354-62. [PMID: 26010163 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor 4 (TCF4) is one of the most robust of all reported schizophrenia risk loci and is supported by several genetic and functional lines of evidence. While numerous studies have implicated common genetic variation at TCF4 in schizophrenia risk, the role of rare, small-sized variants at this locus-such as single nucleotide variants and short indels which are below the resolution of chip-based arrays requires further exploration. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between rare TCF4 sequence variants and schizophrenia. Exon-targeted resequencing was performed in 190 German schizophrenia patients. Six rare variants at the coding exons and flanking sequences of the TCF4 gene were identified, including two missense variants and one splice site variant. These six variants were then pooled with nine additional rare variants identified in 379 European participants of the 1000 Genomes Project, and all 15 variants were genotyped in an independent German sample (n = 1,808 patients; n = 2,261 controls). These data were then analyzed using six statistical methods developed for the association analysis of rare variants. No significant association (P < 0.05) was found. However, the results from our association and power analyses suggest that further research into the possible involvement of rare TCF4 sequence variants in schizophrenia risk is warranted by the assessment of larger cohorts with higher statistical power to identify rare variant associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Buket Basmanav
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heide Fier
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomic Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Herms
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany.,Division of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Meier
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,National Center for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany.,Division of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Sandra Barth
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nadine Fricker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jana Strohmaier
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Ludwig
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine Schmael
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Centre of Urban Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Essen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rainald Mössner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Tübingen
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Lange
- Department of Genomic Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany.,Division of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
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18
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Koyama Y, Hattori T, Nishida T, Hori O, Tohyama M. Alterations in dendrite and spine morphology of cortical pyramidal neurons in DISC1-binding zinc finger protein (DBZ) knockout mice. Front Neuroanat 2015; 9:52. [PMID: 25983680 PMCID: PMC4415407 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrite and dendritic spine formation are crucial for proper brain function. DISC1-binding zinc finger protein (DBZ) was first identified as a Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia1 (DISC1) binding partner. DBZ is highly expressed in the cerebral cortex of developing and adult rodents and is involved in neurite formation, cell positioning, and the development of interneurons and oligodendrocytes. The functional roles of DBZ in postnatal brain remain unknown; thus we investigated cortical pyramidal neuron morphology in DBZ knockout (KO) mice. Morphological analyses by Golgi staining alone in DBZ KO mice revealed decreased dendritic arborization, increased spine density. A morphological analysis of the spines revealed markedly increased numbers of thin spines. To investigate whole spine structure in detail, electron tomographic analysis using ultra-high voltage electron microscopy (UHVEM) combined with Golgi staining was performed. Tomograms and three-dimensional models of spines revealed that the spines of DBZ KO mice exhibited two types of characteristic morphology, filopodia-like spines and abnormal thin-necked spines having an extremely thin spine neck. Moreover, conventional electron microscopy revealed significantly decreased number of postsynaptic densities (PSDs) in spines of DBZ KO mice. In conclusion, DBZ deficiency impairs the morphogenesis of dendrites and spines in cortical pyramidal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Koyama
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka UniversitySuita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hattori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Child Development and Molecular Brain Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui SuitaOsaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nishida
- Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka UniversitySuita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Hori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masaya Tohyama
- Division of Molecular Brain Science, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kinki UniversityOsaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka Prefectural Hospital OrganizationOsaka, Japan
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19
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Disturbance of oligodendrocyte function plays a key role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:492367. [PMID: 25705664 PMCID: PMC4332974 DOI: 10.1155/2015/492367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The major psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia (SZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are thought to be multifactorial diseases related to both genetic and environmental factors. However, the genes responsible and the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of SZ and MDD remain unclear. We previously reported that abnormalities of disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) and DISC1 binding zinc finger (DBZ) might cause major psychiatric disorders such as SZ. Interestingly, both DISC and DBZ have been further detected in oligodendrocytes and implicated in regulating oligodendrocyte differentiation. DISC1 negatively regulates the differentiation of oligodendrocytes, whereas DBZ plays a positive regulatory role in oligodendrocyte differentiation. We have reported that repeated stressful events, one of the major risk factors of MDD, can induce sustained upregulation of plasma corticosterone levels and serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (Sgk1) mRNA expression in oligodendrocytes. Repeated stressful events can also activate the SGK1 cascade and cause excess arborization of oligodendrocyte processes, which is thought to be related to depressive-like symptoms. In this review, we discuss the expression of DISC1, DBZ, and SGK1 in oligodendrocytes, their roles in the regulation of oligodendrocyte function, possible interactions of DISC1 and DBZ in relation to SZ, and the activation of the SGK1 signaling cascade in relation to MDD.
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20
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Samsom JN, Wong AHC. Schizophrenia and Depression Co-Morbidity: What We have Learned from Animal Models. Front Psychiatry 2015; 6:13. [PMID: 25762938 PMCID: PMC4332163 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia are at an increased risk for the development of depression. Overlap in the symptoms and genetic risk factors between the two disorders suggests a common etiological mechanism may underlie the presentation of comorbid depression in schizophrenia. Understanding these shared mechanisms will be important in informing the development of new treatments. Rodent models are powerful tools for understanding gene function as it relates to behavior. Examining rodent models relevant to both schizophrenia and depression reveals a number of common mechanisms. Current models which demonstrate endophenotypes of both schizophrenia and depression are reviewed here, including models of CUB and SUSHI multiple domains 1, PDZ and LIM domain 5, glutamate Delta 1 receptor, diabetic db/db mice, neuropeptide Y, disrupted in schizophrenia 1, and its interacting partners, reelin, maternal immune activation, and social isolation. Neurotransmission, brain connectivity, the immune system, the environment, and metabolism emerge as potential common mechanisms linking these models and potentially explaining comorbid depression in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Samsom
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute , Toronto, ON , Canada ; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Albert H C Wong
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute , Toronto, ON , Canada ; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada ; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
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21
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Excess of rare novel loss-of-function variants in synaptic genes in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:872-9. [PMID: 24126926 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are complex neurodevelopmental disorders that may share an underlying pathology suggested by shared genetic risk variants. We sequenced the exonic regions of 215 genes in 147 ASD cases, 273 SZ cases and 287 controls, to identify rare risk mutations. Genes were primarily selected for their function in the synapse and were categorized as: (1) Neurexin and Neuroligin Interacting Proteins, (2) Post-synaptic Glutamate Receptor Complexes, (3) Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules, (4) DISC1 and Interactors and (5) Functional and Positional Candidates. Thirty-one novel loss-of-function (LoF) variants that are predicted to severely disrupt protein-coding sequence were detected among 2 861 rare variants. We found an excess of LoF variants in the combined cases compared with controls (P=0.02). This effect was stronger when analysis was limited to singleton LoF variants (P=0.0007) and the excess was present in both SZ (P=0.002) and ASD (P=0.001). As an individual gene category, Neurexin and Neuroligin Interacting Proteins carried an excess of LoF variants in cases compared with controls (P=0.05). A de novo nonsense variant in GRIN2B was identified in an ASD case adding to the growing evidence that this is an important risk gene for the disorder. These data support synapse formation and maintenance as key molecular mechanisms for SZ and ASD.
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22
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Risk genes for schizophrenia: Translational opportunities for drug discovery. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 143:34-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Thomson PA, Parla JS, McRae AF, Kramer M, Ramakrishnan K, Yao J, Soares DC, McCarthy S, Morris SW, Cardone L, Cass S, Ghiban E, Hennah W, Evans KL, Rebolini D, Millar JK, Harris SE, Starr JM, MacIntyre DJ, McIntosh AM, Watson JD, Deary IJ, Visscher PM, Blackwood DH, McCombie WR, Porteous DJ. 708 Common and 2010 rare DISC1 locus variants identified in 1542 subjects: analysis for association with psychiatric disorder and cognitive traits. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:668-75. [PMID: 23732877 PMCID: PMC4031635 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A balanced t(1;11) translocation that transects the Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene shows genome-wide significant linkage for schizophrenia and recurrent major depressive disorder (rMDD) in a single large Scottish family, but genome-wide and exome sequencing-based association studies have not supported a role for DISC1 in psychiatric illness. To explore DISC1 in more detail, we sequenced 528 kb of the DISC1 locus in 653 cases and 889 controls. We report 2718 validated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of which 2010 have a minor allele frequency of <1%. Only 38% of these variants are reported in the 1000 Genomes Project European subset. This suggests that many DISC1 SNPs remain undiscovered and are essentially private. Rare coding variants identified exclusively in patients were found in likely functional protein domains. Significant region-wide association was observed between rs16856199 and rMDD (P=0.026, unadjusted P=6.3 × 10(-5), OR=3.48). This was not replicated in additional recurrent major depression samples (replication P=0.11). Combined analysis of both the original and replication set supported the original association (P=0.0058, OR=1.46). Evidence for segregation of this variant with disease in families was limited to those of rMDD individuals referred from primary care. Burden analysis for coding and non-coding variants gave nominal associations with diagnosis and measures of mood and cognition. Together, these observations are likely to generalise to other candidate genes for major mental illness and may thus provide guidelines for the design of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Thomson
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Molecular Medicine Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J S Parla
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - A F McRae
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - M Kramer
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - K Ramakrishnan
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Molecular Medicine Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Yao
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - D C Soares
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Molecular Medicine Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S McCarthy
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - S W Morris
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Molecular Medicine Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - L Cardone
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - S Cass
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Molecular Medicine Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - E Ghiban
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - W Hennah
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Molecular Medicine Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K L Evans
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Molecular Medicine Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D Rebolini
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - J K Millar
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Molecular Medicine Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S E Harris
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Molecular Medicine Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D J MacIntyre
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Generation Scotland7
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Molecular Medicine Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Generation Scotland, A Collaboration between the University Medical Schools and NHS, Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh and Glasgow, UK
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - A M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J D Watson
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - I J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P M Visscher
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - D H Blackwood
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - W R McCombie
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - D J Porteous
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Molecular Medicine Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK
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Heron EA, Cormican P, Donohoe G, O'Neill FA, Kendler KS, Riley BP, Gill M, Corvin AP, Morris DW. No evidence that runs of homozygosity are associated with schizophrenia in an Irish genome-wide association dataset. Schizophr Res 2014; 154:79-82. [PMID: 24560374 PMCID: PMC4034753 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Runs of homozygosity (ROH), regions of the genome containing many consecutive homozygous SNPs, may represent two copies of a haplotype inherited from a common ancestor. A rare variant on this haplotype could thus be present in a homozygous and potentially recessive state. To detect rare risk variants for schizophrenia, we performed an ROH analysis in a homogeneous Irish genome wide association study (GWAS) dataset consisting of 1606 cases and 1794 controls. There was no genome-wide excess of ROH in cases compared to controls (p=0.7986). No consensus ROH at individual loci showed association with schizophrenia after genome-wide correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Heron
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, School of Medicine, The Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Paul Cormican
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, School of Medicine, The Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, School of Medicine, The Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Francis A O'Neill
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Human Genetics, Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
| | - Brien P Riley
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Human Genetics, Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
| | - Michael Gill
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, School of Medicine, The Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Aiden P Corvin
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, School of Medicine, The Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Derek W Morris
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, School of Medicine, The Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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25
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Børglum AD, Demontis D, Grove J, Pallesen J, Hollegaard MV, Pedersen CB, Hedemand A, Mattheisen M, Uitterlinden A, Nyegaard M, Ørntoft T, Wiuf C, Didriksen M, Nordentoft M, Nöthen MM, Rietschel M, Ophoff RA, Cichon S, Yolken RH, Hougaard DM, Mortensen PB, Mors O. Genome-wide study of association and interaction with maternal cytomegalovirus infection suggests new schizophrenia loci. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:325-33. [PMID: 23358160 PMCID: PMC3932405 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and environmental components as well as their interaction contribute to the risk of schizophrenia, making it highly relevant to include environmental factors in genetic studies of schizophrenia. This study comprises genome-wide association (GWA) and follow-up analyses of all individuals born in Denmark since 1981 and diagnosed with schizophrenia as well as controls from the same birth cohort. Furthermore, we present the first genome-wide interaction survey of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and maternal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The GWA analysis included 888 cases and 882 controls, and the follow-up investigation of the top GWA results was performed in independent Danish (1396 cases and 1803 controls) and German-Dutch (1169 cases, 3714 controls) samples. The SNPs most strongly associated in the single-marker analysis of the combined Danish samples were rs4757144 in ARNTL (P=3.78 × 10(-6)) and rs8057927 in CDH13 (P=1.39 × 10(-5)). Both genes have previously been linked to schizophrenia or other psychiatric disorders. The strongest associated SNP in the combined analysis, including Danish and German-Dutch samples, was rs12922317 in RUNDC2A (P=9.04 × 10(-7)). A region-based analysis summarizing independent signals in segments of 100 kb identified a new region-based genome-wide significant locus overlapping the gene ZEB1 (P=7.0 × 10(-7)). This signal was replicated in the follow-up analysis (P=2.3 × 10(-2)). Significant interaction with maternal CMV infection was found for rs7902091 (P(SNP × CMV)=7.3 × 10(-7)) in CTNNA3, a gene not previously implicated in schizophrenia, stressing the importance of including environmental factors in genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D Demontis
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Grove
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J Pallesen
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M V Hollegaard
- Section of Neonatal Screening and Hormones, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C B Pedersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A Hedemand
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Mattheisen
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - GROUP investigators
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Section of Neonatal Screening and Hormones, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- For a full list of members, see Appendix
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
- Department of Mathematical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Synaptic transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Manheim, Germany
- Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Nyegaard
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Ørntoft
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - C Wiuf
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Mathematical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Didriksen
- Synaptic transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - M Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M M Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - M Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Manheim, Germany
| | - R A Ophoff
- Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S Cichon
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - R H Yolken
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D M Hougaard
- Section of Neonatal Screening and Hormones, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P B Mortensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - O Mors
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
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DISC1 as a genetic risk factor for schizophrenia and related major mental illness: response to Sullivan. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:141-3. [PMID: 24457522 PMCID: PMC4238281 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Shimizu S, Koyama Y, Hattori T, Tachibana T, Yoshimi T, Emoto H, Matsumoto Y, Miyata S, Katayama T, Ito A, Tohyama M. DBZ, a CNS-specific DISC1 binding protein, positively regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation. Glia 2014; 62:709-24. [PMID: 24481677 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown changes in myelin genes and alterations in white matter structure in a wide range of psychiatric disorders. Here we report that DBZ, a central nervous system (CNS)-specific member of the DISC1 interactome, positively regulates the oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation in vivo and in vitro. In mouse corpus callosum (CC), DBZ mRNA is expressed in OL lineage cells and expression of DBZ protein peaked before MBP expression. In the CC of DBZ-KO mice, we observed delayed myelination during the early postnatal period. Although the myelination delay was mostly recovered by adulthood, OLs with immature structural features were more abundant in adult DBZ-KO mice than in control mice. DBZ was also transiently upregulated during rat OL differentiation in vitro before myelin marker expression. DBZ knockdown by RNA interference resulted in a decreased expression of myelin-related markers and a low number of cells with mature characteristics, but with no effect on the proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. We also show that the expression levels of transcription factors having a negative-regulatory role in OL differentiation were upregulated when endogenous DBZ was knocked down. These results strongly indicate that OL differentiation in rodents is regulated by DBZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Shimizu
- Department of Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Division of Molecular Brain Science, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
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Discovering implicit entity relation with the gene-citation-gene network. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84639. [PMID: 24358368 PMCID: PMC3866152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we apply the entitymetrics model to our constructed Gene-Citation-Gene (GCG) network. Based on the premise there is a hidden, but plausible, relationship between an entity in one article and an entity in its citing article, we constructed a GCG network of gene pairs implicitly connected through citation. We compare the performance of this GCG network to a gene-gene (GG) network constructed over the same corpus but which uses gene pairs explicitly connected through traditional co-occurrence. Using 331,411 MEDLINE abstracts collected from 18,323 seed articles and their references, we identify 25 gene pairs. A comparison of these pairs with interactions found in BioGRID reveal that 96% of the gene pairs in the GCG network have known interactions. We measure network performance using degree, weighted degree, closeness, betweenness centrality and PageRank. Combining all measures, we find the GCG network has more gene pairs, but a lower matching rate than the GG network. However, combining top ranked genes in both networks produces a matching rate of 35.53%. By visualizing both the GG and GCG networks, we find that cancer is the most dominant disease associated with the genes in both networks. Overall, the study indicates that the GCG network can be useful for detecting gene interaction in an implicit manner.
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29
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Koyama Y, Hattori T, Shimizu S, Taniguchi M, Yamada K, Takamura H, Kumamoto N, Matsuzaki S, Ito A, Katayama T, Tohyama M. DBZ (DISC1-binding zinc finger protein)-deficient mice display abnormalities in basket cells in the somatosensory cortices. J Chem Neuroanat 2013; 53:1-10. [PMID: 23912123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1)-binding zinc finger protein (DBZ) is a DISC1-interacting molecule and the interaction between DBZ and DISC1 is involved in neurite outgrowth in vitro. DBZ is highly expressed in brain, especially in the cortex. However, the physiological roles of DBZ in vivo have not been clarified. Here, we show that development of basket cells, a morphologically defined class of parvalbumin (PV)-containing interneurons, is disturbed in DBZ knockout (KO) mice. DBZ mRNA was highly expressed in the ventral area of the subventricular zone of the medial ganglionic eminence, where PV-containing cortical interneurons were generated, at embryonic 14.5 days (E14.5). Although the expression level for PV and the number of PV-containing interneurons were not altered in the cortices of DBZ KO mice, basket cells were less branched and had shorter processes in the somatosensory cortices of DBZ KO mice compared with those in the cortices of WT mice. Furthermore, in the somatosensory cortices of DBZ KO mice, the level of mRNAs for the gamma-aminobutyric acid-synthesizing enzymes GAD67 was decreased. These findings show that DBZ is involved in the morphogenesis of basket cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Koyama
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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30
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Duff BJ, Macritchie KAN, Moorhead TWJ, Lawrie SM, Blackwood DHR. Human brain imaging studies of DISC1 in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression: a systematic review. Schizophr Res 2013; 147:1-13. [PMID: 23602339 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a well researched candidate gene for schizophrenia and affective disorders with a range of functions relating to neurodevelopment. Several human brain imaging studies investigating correlations between common and rare variants in DISC1 and brain structure and function have shown conflicting results. A meta-analysis of case/control data showed no association between schizophrenia and any common SNP in DISC1. Therefore it is timely to review the literature to plan the direction of future studies. Twenty-two human brain imaging studies have examined the influence of DISC1 variants in health, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or depression. The most studied common SNPs are Ser704Cys (rs821616) and Leu607Phe (rs6675281). Some imaging-genomic studies report effects on frontal, temporal and hippocampal structural indices in health and illness and a volumetric longitudinal study supports a putative role for these common SNPs in neurodevelopment. Callosal agenesis is described in association with rare deletions at 1q42 which include DISC1 and rare sequence variants at DISC1 itself. DISC1 interactions with translin-associated factor X (TRAX) and neuregulin have been shown to influence several regional volumes. In the first study involving neonates, a role for Ser704Cys (rs821616) has been highlighted in prenatal brain development with large clusters of reduced grey matter reported in the frontal lobes. Functional MRI studies examining associations between Ser704Cys (rs821616) and Leu607Phe (rs6675281) with prefrontal and hippocampal activation have also given inconsistent results. Prefrontal function was reported to be associated with interaction between DISC1 and CITRON (CIT) in health. Preliminary magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion tensor data support the influence of Ser704Cys (rs821616) status on grey and white matter integrity. The glutamate system remains uninvestigated. Associations between rare sequence variants and structural changes in brain regions including the corpus callosum and effects of gene-gene interactions on brain structure and function are promising areas for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Duff
- University of Edinburgh, Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom.
| | - Karine A N Macritchie
- University of Edinburgh, Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas W J Moorhead
- University of Edinburgh, Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- University of Edinburgh, Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas H R Blackwood
- University of Edinburgh, Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom
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Holley SM, Wang EA, Cepeda C, Jentsch JD, Ross CA, Pletnikov MV, Levine MS. Frontal cortical synaptic communication is abnormal in Disc1 genetic mouse models of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2013; 146:264-72. [PMID: 23481583 PMCID: PMC3622830 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models carrying Disc1 mutations may provide insights into how Disc1 genetic variations contribute to schizophrenia (SZ) susceptibility. Disc1 mutant mice show behavioral and cognitive disturbances reminiscent of SZ. To dissect the synaptic mechanisms underlying these phenotypes, we examined electrophysiological properties of cortical neurons from two mouse models, the first expressing a truncated mouse Disc1 (mDisc1) protein throughout the entire brain, and the second expressing a truncated human Disc1 (hDisc1) protein in forebrain regions. We obtained whole-cell patch clamp recordings to examine how altered expression of Disc1 protein changes excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmissions onto cortical pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex in 4-7 month-old mDisc1 and hDisc1 mice. In both mDisc1 and hDisc1 mice, the frequency of spontaneous EPSCs was greater than in wild-type littermate controls. Male mice from both lines were more affected by the Disc1 mutation than were females, exhibiting increases in the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory events. Changes in spontaneous IPSCs were only observed in the mDisc1 model and were sex-specific, with diminished cortical GABAergic neurotransmission, a well-documented characteristic of SZ, occurring only in male mDisc1 mice. In contrast, female mDisc1 mice showed an increase in the frequency of small-amplitude sIPSCs. These findings indicate that truncations of Disc1 alter glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission both commonly and differently in the models and some of the effects are sex-specific, revealing how altered Disc1 expression may contribute to behavioral disruptions and cognitive deficits of SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. Holley
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Elizabeth A. Wang
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Carlos Cepeda
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - J. David Jentsch
- Department of Psychology, Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Christopher A. Ross
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mikhail V. Pletnikov
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael S. Levine
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
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Greenwood TA, Swerdlow NR, Gur RE, Cadenhead KS, Calkins ME, Dobie DJ, Freedman R, Green MF, Gur RC, Lazzeroni LC, Nuechterlein KH, Olincy A, Radant AD, Ray A, Schork NJ, Seidman LJ, Siever LJ, Silverman JM, Stone WS, Sugar CA, Tsuang DW, Tsuang MT, Turetsky BI, Light GA, Braff DL. Genome-wide linkage analyses of 12 endophenotypes for schizophrenia from the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2013; 170:521-32. [PMID: 23511790 PMCID: PMC3878873 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia has undertaken a large multisite study to characterize 12 neurophysiological and neurocognitive endophenotypic measures as a step toward understanding the complex genetic basis of schizophrenia. The authors previously demonstrated the heritability of these endophenotypes; in the present study, genetic linkage was evaluated. METHOD Each family consisted of a proband with schizophrenia, at least one unaffected sibling, and both parents. A total of 1,286 participants from 296 families were genotyped in two phases, and 1,004 individuals were also assessed for the endophenotypes. Linkage analyses of the 6,055 single-nucleotide polymorphisms that were successfully assayed, 5,760 of which were common to both phases, were conducted using both variance components and pedigree-wide regression methods. RESULTS Linkage analyses of the 12 endophenotypes collectively identified one region meeting genome-wide significance criteria, with a LOD (log of odds) score of 4.0 on chromosome 3p14 for the antisaccade task, and another region on 1p36 nearly meeting genome-wide significance, with a LOD score of 3.5 for emotion recognition. Chromosomal regions meeting genome-wide suggestive criteria with LOD scores >2.2 were identified for spatial processing (2p25 and 16q23), sensorimotor dexterity (2q24 and 2q32), prepulse inhibition (5p15), the California Verbal Learning Test (8q24), the degraded-stimulus Continuous Performance Test (10q26), face memory (10q26 and 12p12), and the Letter-Number Span (14q23). CONCLUSIONS Twelve regions meeting genome-wide significant and suggestive criteria for previously identified heritable, schizophrenia-related endophenotypes were observed, and several genes of potential neurobiological interest were identified. Replication and further genomic studies are needed to assess the biological significance of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A Greenwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego,La Jolla, Calif, USA
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Gadelha A, Machado MFM, Yonamine CM, Sato JR, Juliano MA, Oliveira V, Bressan RA, Hayashi MAF. Plasma Ndel1 enzyme activity is reduced in patients with schizophrenia--a potential biomarker? J Psychiatr Res 2013; 47:657-63. [PMID: 23388542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ndel1 oligopeptidase interacts with schizophrenia (SCZ) risk gene product DISC1 and mediates several functions related to neurite outgrowth and neuronal migration. Ndel1 also hydrolyzes neuropeptides previously implicated in SCZ, namely neurotensin and bradykinin. Herein, we compared the plasma Ndel1 enzyme activity of 92 SCZ patients and 96 healthy controls (HCs). Ndel1 enzyme activity was determined by fluorimetric measurements of the FRET peptide substrate Abz-GFSPFRQ-EDDnp hydrolysis rate. A 31% lower mean value for Ndel1 activity was observed in SCZ patients compared to HCs (Student's t = 4.36; p < 0.001; Cohen's d = 0.64). The area under the curve (AUC) for the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve for Ndel1 enzyme activity and SCZ/HCs status as outcome was 0.70. Treatment-resistant (TR) SCZ patients were shown to present a significantly lower Ndel1 activity compared to non-TR (NTR) patients by t-test analysis (t = 2.25; p = 0.027). A lower enzymatic activity was significantly associated with both NTR (p = 0.002; B = 1.19; OR = 3.29; CI 95% 1.57-6.88) and TR patients (p < 0.001; B = 2.27; OR = 9.64; CI 95% 4.12-22.54). No correlation between Ndel1 enzyme activity and antipsychotic dose, nicotine dependence, and body mass index was observed. This study is the first to show differences in Ndel1 activity in SCZ patients compared to HCs, besides with a significant lower activity for TR patients compared to NTR patients. Our findings support the Ndel1 enzyme activity implications to clinical practice in terms of diagnosis and drug treatment of SCZ. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY To compare the Ndel1 enzyme activity levels of schizophrenia (SCZ) patients and healthy controls (HCs) and to correlate these values with the clinical profile and response to treatment by measuring the Ndel1 enzyme activity in human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ary Gadelha
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Genetic mapping and exome sequencing identify 2 mutations associated with stroke protection in pediatric patients with sickle cell anemia. Blood 2013; 121:3237-45. [PMID: 23422753 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-10-464156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a devastating complication of sickle cell anemia (SCA), occurring in 11% of patients before age 20 years. Previous studies of sibling pairs have demonstrated a genetic component to the development of cerebrovascular disease in SCA, but few candidate genetic modifiers have been validated as having a substantial effect on stroke risk. We performed an unbiased whole-genome search for genetic modifiers of stroke risk in SCA. Genome-wide association studies were performed using genotype data from single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays, whereas a pooled DNA approach was used to perform whole-exome sequencing. In combination, 22 nonsynonymous variants were identified and represent key candidates for further in-depth study. To validate the association of these mutations with the risk for stroke, the 22 candidate variants were genotyped in an independent cohort of control patients (n = 231) and patients with stroke (n = 57) with SCA. One mutation in GOLGB1 (Y1212C) and another mutation in ENPP1 (K173Q) were confirmed as having significant associations with a decreased risk for stroke. These mutations were discovered and validated by an unbiased whole-genome approach, and future studies will focus on how these functional mutations may lead to protection from stroke in the context of SCA.
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Thomson PA, Malavasi ELV, Grünewald E, Soares DC, Borkowska M, Millar JK. DISC1 genetics, biology and psychiatric illness. FRONTIERS IN BIOLOGY 2013; 8:1-31. [PMID: 23550053 PMCID: PMC3580875 DOI: 10.1007/s11515-012-1254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are highly heritable, and in many individuals likely arise from the combined effects of genes and the environment. A substantial body of evidence points towards DISC1 being one of the genes that influence risk of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression, and functional studies of DISC1 consequently have the potential to reveal much about the pathways that lead to major mental illness. Here, we review the evidence that DISC1 influences disease risk through effects upon multiple critical pathways in the developing and adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pippa A Thomson
- The Centre for Molecular Medicine at the Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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Quast C, Altmann A, Weber P, Arloth J, Bader D, Heck A, Pfister H, Müller-Myhsok B, Erhardt A, Binder EB. Rare variants in TMEM132D in a case-control sample for panic disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2012; 159B:896-907. [PMID: 22911938 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified common variants associated with common diseases. Most variants, however, explain only a small proportion of the estimated heritability, suggesting that rare variants might contribute to a larger extent to common diseases than assumed to date. Here, we use next-generation sequencing to test whether such variants contribute to the risk for anxiety disorders by re-sequencing 40 kb including all exons of the TMEM132D locus which we have previously shown to be associated with panic disorder and anxiety severity measures. DNA from 300 patients suffering from anxiety disorders, mostly panic disorder (84.7%), and 300 healthy controls was screened for the presence of genetic variants using next-generation re-sequencing in a pooled approach. Results were verified by individual re-genotyping. We identified 371 variants of which 247 had not been reported before, including 15 novel non-synonymous variants. The majority, 76% of these variants had a minor allele frequency less than 5%. While we did not identify additional common variants in TMEM132D associated with panic disorders, we observed an overrepresentation of presumably functional coding variants in healthy controls as compared to cases as well as a higher rate of private coding variants in cases, with one non-synonymous coding variant present in four patients but not in any of the matched controls nor in over 5,500 individuals of different ethnic origins from publicly available re-sequencing datasets. Our data suggest that not only common but also putatively functional and/or rare variants within TMEM132D might contribute to the risk to develop anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Quast
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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Morales D, Skoulakis ECM, Acevedo SF. 14-3-3s are potential biomarkers for HIV-related neurodegeneration. J Neurovirol 2012; 18:341-53. [PMID: 22811265 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-012-0121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, it has become evident that 14-3-3 proteins are essential for primary cell functions. These proteins are abundant throughout the body, including the central nervous system and interact with other proteins in both cell cycle and apoptotic pathways. Examination of cerebral spinal fluid in humans suggests that 14-3-3s including 14-3-3ε (YWHAE) are up-regulated in several neurological diseases, and loss or duplication of the YWHAE gene leads to Miller-Dieker syndrome. The goal of this review is to examine the utility of 14-3-3s as a marker of human immune deficiency virus (HIV)-dependent neurodegeneration and also as a tool to track disease progression. To that end, we describe mechanisms implicating 14-3-3s in neurological diseases and summarize evidence of its interactions with HIV accessory and co-receptor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Morales
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ponce 00732, Puerto Rico
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Wei Q, Diao F, Kang Z, Gan Z, Han Z, Zheng L, Li L, Guo X, Shan B, Liu C, Zhao J, Zhang J. The effect of DISC1 on regional gray matter density of schizophrenia in Han Chinese population. Neurosci Lett 2012; 517:21-4. [PMID: 22516458 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.03.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is thought to arise in part from abnormal gray matter (GM), which are partly shared by the relatives of the probands. DISC1 is one of the most promising susceptibility genes of schizophrenia and a SNP rs821597 (A) in the gene was associated with schizophrenia in Han Chinese population. In this study, 61 healthy controls and 72 with schizophrenic patients were genotyped at rs821597, and underwent T1-weighted MRI for the density of GM. The results showed that the risk allele (A) carriers had higher GM density in regional left parahippocampal gyrus and right orbitofrontal cortex in schizophrenic patients, but had reduced GM density of these brain regions in healthy controls. The DISC1 variant rs821597 may confer risk for schizophrenia by its effects on the regional GM in left parahippocampal gyrus and right orbitofrontal cortex with other risk factors for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinling Wei
- Psychiatry Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
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