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Chen L, Zhang S, Duan Y, Song X, Chang M, Feng W, Chen Y. Silicon-containing nanomedicine and biomaterials: materials chemistry, multi-dimensional design, and biomedical application. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1167-1315. [PMID: 38168612 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01022k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The invention of silica-based bioactive glass in the late 1960s has sparked significant interest in exploring a wide range of silicon-containing biomaterials from the macroscale to the nanoscale. Over the past few decades, these biomaterials have been extensively explored for their potential in diverse biomedical applications, considering their remarkable bioactivity, excellent biocompatibility, facile surface functionalization, controllable synthesis, etc. However, to expedite the clinical translation and the unexpected utilization of silicon-composed nanomedicine and biomaterials, it is highly desirable to achieve a thorough comprehension of their characteristics and biological effects from an overall perspective. In this review, we provide a comprehensive discussion on the state-of-the-art progress of silicon-composed biomaterials, including their classification, characteristics, fabrication methods, and versatile biomedical applications. Additionally, we highlight the multi-dimensional design of both pure and hybrid silicon-composed nanomedicine and biomaterials and their intrinsic biological effects and interactions with biological systems. Their extensive biomedical applications span from drug delivery and bioimaging to therapeutic interventions and regenerative medicine, showcasing the significance of their rational design and fabrication to meet specific requirements and optimize their theranostic performance. Additionally, we offer insights into the future prospects and potential challenges regarding silicon-composed nanomedicine and biomaterials. By shedding light on these exciting research advances, we aspire to foster further progress in the biomedical field and drive the development of innovative silicon-composed nanomedicine and biomaterials with transformative applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Yanqiu Duan
- Laboratory Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, P. R. China.
| | - Xinran Song
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Meiqi Chang
- Laboratory Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Feng
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
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Sanhueza C, Vergara D, Chávez-Aravena C, Gálvez-Jiron F, Chavez-Angel E, Castro-Alvarez A. Functionalizing Dendrimers for Targeted Delivery of Bioactive Molecules to Macrophages: A Potential Treatment for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection-A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1428. [PMID: 37895899 PMCID: PMC10609949 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that replicates inside human alveolar macrophages. This disease causes significant morbidity and mortality throughout the world. According to the World Health Organization 1.4 million people died of this disease in 2021. This indicates that despite the progress of modern medicine, improvements in diagnostics, and the development of drug susceptibility tests, TB remains a global threat to public health. In this sense, host-directed therapy may provide a new approach to the cure of TB, and the expression of miRNAs has been correlated with a change in the concentration of various inflammatory mediators whose concentrations are responsible for the pathophysiology of M. tuberculosis infection. Thus, the administration of miRNAs may help to modulate the immune response of organisms. However, direct administration of miRNAs, without adequate encapsulation, exposes nucleic acids to the activity of cytosolic nucleases, limiting their application. Dendrimers are a family of highly branched molecules with a well-defined architecture and a branched conformation which gives rise to cavities that facilitate physical immobilization, and functional groups that allow chemical interaction with molecules of interest. Additionally, dendrimers can be easily functionalized to target different cells, macrophages among them. In this sense, various studies have proposed the use of different cell receptors as target molecules to aim dendrimers at macrophages and thus release drugs or nucleic acids in the cell of interest. Based on the considerations, the primary objective of this review is to comprehensively explore the potential of functionalized dendrimers as delivery vectors for miRNAs and other therapeutic agents into macrophages. This work aims to provide insights into the use of functionalized dendrimers as an innovative approach for TB treatment, focusing on their ability to target and deliver therapeutic cargo to macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sanhueza
- Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional (CEMT), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Daniela Vergara
- Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional (CEMT), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Catalina Chávez-Aravena
- Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Felipe Gálvez-Jiron
- Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Emigdio Chavez-Angel
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Castro-Alvarez
- Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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Dohadwala S, Politch JA, Barmine JH, Anderson DJ. A Brief History and Advancement of Contraceptive Multipurpose Prevention Technology (cMPT) Products. Open Access J Contracept 2023; 14:83-94. [PMID: 37332341 PMCID: PMC10276588 DOI: 10.2147/oajc.s375634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and an unmet need for modern contraception resulting in a high unintended pregnancy rate, are major problems in reproductive health. The concept of multipurpose prevention technology (MPT) was introduced following the failure of several leading microbicide candidates to prevent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission in large clinical trials in the early 2000s. MPTs are defined as products designed to simultaneously prevent at least two of the following conditions: unintended pregnancy, HIV-1, or other major STIs. The goal of contraceptive MPT products (cMPTs) is to provide contraception and protection against one or more major STI pathogen (eg, HIV-1, herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2, Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea), Treponema pallidum (syphilis), Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis (Chlamydia). This new field has great potential and will benefit from lessons learned from the early microbicide trials. The cMPT field includes candidates representing various categories with different mechanisms of action including pH modifiers, polyions, microbicidal peptides, monoclonal antibodies, and other peptides that target specific reproductive and infectious processes. More preclinical research is being conducted to ensure minimal side effects and maximum efficacy in vivo. Effective proven and novel candidates are being combined to maximize efficacy, minimize side effects, and avoid drug resistance. More attention is being paid to acceptability and new delivery systems. cMPTs have a very promising future if adequate resources can be mobilized to sustain the effort from preclinical research to clinical trials to bring effective, acceptable, and affordable products to market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dohadwala
- Department of Virology, Immunology and Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph A Politch
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica H Barmine
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deborah J Anderson
- Department of Virology, Immunology and Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Short CES, Quinlan R, Lee YS, Preda VG, Smith A, Marchesi JR, Shattock R, Bennett PR, MacIntyre DA, Taylor GP. Comparative analysis of vaginal microbiota sampling using menstrual cups and high vaginal swabs in pregnant women living with HIV-1 infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1190160. [PMID: 37228662 PMCID: PMC10204588 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1190160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Menstrual cups (MCs) are increasingly used to collect cervicovaginal secretions to characterise vaginal mucosal immunology, in conjunction with high vaginal swabs (HVS) for metataxonomics, particularly in HIV transmission studies. We hypothesised that both methods of collecting bacterial biomass are equivalent for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Material and Methods Cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) samples from 16 pregnant women with HIV-1 (PWWH) were included to represent the major vaginal bacterial community state types (CST I-V). Women underwent sampling during the second trimester by liquid amies HVS followed by a MC (Soft disc™) and samples were stored at -80°C. Bacterial cell pellets obtained from swab elution and MC (500 µL, 1 in 10 dilution) were resuspended in 120 µL PBS for DNA extraction. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed using V1-V2 primers and were analysed using MOTHUR. Paired total DNA, bacterial load, amplicon read counts, diversity matrices and bacterial taxa were compared by sampling method using MicrobiomeAnalyst, SPSS and R. Results The total DNA eluted from one aliquot of diluted CVF from an MC was similar to that of a HVS (993ng and 609ng, p=0.18); the mean bacterial loads were also comparable for both methods (MC: 8.0 log10 16S rRNA gene copies versus HVS: 7.9 log10 16S rRNA gene copies, p=0.27). The mean number of sequence reads generated from MC samples was lower than from HVS (MC: 12730; HVS:14830, p=0.05). The α-diversity metrices were similar for both techniques; MC Species Observed: 41 (range 12-96) versus HVS: 47 (range 16-96), p=0.15; MC Inverse Simpson Index: 1.98 (range 1.0-4.0) versus HVS: 0.48 (range 1.0-4.4), p=0.22). The three most abundant species observed were: Lactobacillus iners, Lactobacillus crispatus and Gardnerella vaginalis. Hierarchical clustering of relative abundance data showed that samples obtained using different techniques in an individual clustered in the same CST group. Conclusion These data demonstrate that despite sampling slightly different areas of the lower genital tract, there was no difference in bacterial load or composition between methods. Both are suitable for characterisation of vaginal microbiota in PWWH. The MC offers advantages, including a higher volume of sample available for DNA extraction and complimentary assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte-Eve S. Short
- Section of Virology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre, Division of the Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Quinlan
- Section of Virology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre, Division of the Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yun S. Lee
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre, Division of the Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica G. Preda
- Section of Virology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Smith
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Julian R. Marchesi
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre, Division of the Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Marchesi Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Division of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Shattock
- Section of Immunology of Infection, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip R. Bennett
- St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre, Division of the Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A. MacIntyre
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre, Division of the Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham P. Taylor
- Section of Virology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Centre, Division of the Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Kisakova LA, Apartsin EK, Nizolenko LF, Karpenko LI. Dendrimer-Mediated Delivery of DNA and RNA Vaccines. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041106. [PMID: 37111593 PMCID: PMC10145063 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA and RNA vaccines (nucleic acid-based vaccines) are a promising platform for vaccine development. The first mRNA vaccines (Moderna and Pfizer/BioNTech) were approved in 2020, and a DNA vaccine (Zydus Cadila, India), in 2021. They display unique benefits in the current COVID-19 pandemic. Nucleic acid-based vaccines have a number of advantages, such as safety, efficacy, and low cost. They are potentially faster to develop, cheaper to produce, and easier to store and transport. A crucial step in the technology of DNA or RNA vaccines is choosing an efficient delivery method. Nucleic acid delivery using liposomes is the most popular approach today, but this method has certain disadvantages. Therefore, studies are actively underway to develop various alternative delivery methods, among which synthetic cationic polymers such as dendrimers are very attractive. Dendrimers are three-dimensional nanostructures with a high degree of molecular homogeneity, adjustable size, multivalence, high surface functionality, and high aqueous solubility. The biosafety of some dendrimers has been evaluated in several clinical trials presented in this review. Due to these important and attractive properties, dendrimers are already being used to deliver a number of drugs and are being explored as promising carriers for nucleic acid-based vaccines. This review summarizes the literature data on the development of dendrimer-based delivery systems for DNA and mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubov A. Kisakova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Kol’tsovo, Russia
| | - Evgeny K. Apartsin
- CBMN, UMR 5248, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, University Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Lily F. Nizolenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Kol’tsovo, Russia
| | - Larisa I. Karpenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Kol’tsovo, Russia
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Jia Y, Jiang Y, He Y, Zhang W, Zou J, Magar KT, Boucetta H, Teng C, He W. Approved Nanomedicine against Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030774. [PMID: 36986635 PMCID: PMC10059816 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine is a branch of medicine using nanotechnology to prevent and treat diseases. Nanotechnology represents one of the most effective approaches in elevating a drug‘s treatment efficacy and reducing toxicity by improving drug solubility, altering biodistribution, and controlling the release. The development of nanotechnology and materials has brought a profound revolution to medicine, significantly affecting the treatment of various major diseases such as cancer, injection, and cardiovascular diseases. Nanomedicine has experienced explosive growth in the past few years. Although the clinical transition of nanomedicine is not very satisfactory, traditional drugs still occupy a dominant position in formulation development, but increasingly active drugs have adopted nanoscale forms to limit side effects and improve efficacy. The review summarized the approved nanomedicine, its indications, and the properties of commonly used nanocarriers and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchao Jia
- Nanjing Vtrying Pharmatech Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211122, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yonglong He
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wanting Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jiahui Zou
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | | | - Hamza Boucetta
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chao Teng
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Correspondence: (C.T.); (W.H.)
| | - Wei He
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
- Correspondence: (C.T.); (W.H.)
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7
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Monferrer A, Kretzmann JA, Sigl C, Sapelza P, Liedl A, Wittmann B, Dietz H. Broad-Spectrum Virus Trapping with Heparan Sulfate-Modified DNA Origami Shells. ACS NANO 2022; 16:20002-20009. [PMID: 36323320 PMCID: PMC9798855 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Effective broadband antiviral platforms that can act on existing viruses and viruses yet to emerge are not available, creating a need to explore treatment strategies beyond the trodden paths. Here, we report virus-encapsulating DNA origami shells that achieve broadband virus trapping properties by exploiting avidity and a widespread background affinity of viruses to heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG). With a calibrated density of heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) derivatives crafted to the interior of DNA origami shells, we could encapsulate adeno, adeno-associated, chikungunya, dengue, human papilloma, noro, polio, rubella, and SARS-CoV-2 viruses or virus-like particles, in one and the same HS-functionalized shell system. Additional virus-type-specific binders were not needed for the trapping. Depending on the relative dimensions of shell to virus particles, multiple virus particles may be trapped per shell, and multiple shells can cover the surface of clusters of virus particles. The steric occlusion provided by the heparan sulfate-coated DNA origami shells can prevent viruses from further interactions with receptors, possibly including those found on cell surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Monferrer
- Laboratory
for Biomolecular Nanotechnology. Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical
University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jessica A. Kretzmann
- Laboratory
for Biomolecular Nanotechnology. Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical
University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Sigl
- Laboratory
for Biomolecular Nanotechnology. Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical
University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Pia Sapelza
- Laboratory
for Biomolecular Nanotechnology. Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical
University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Anna Liedl
- Laboratory
for Biomolecular Nanotechnology. Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical
University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Barbara Wittmann
- Laboratory
for Biomolecular Nanotechnology. Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical
University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Hendrik Dietz
- Laboratory
for Biomolecular Nanotechnology. Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical
University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Dendrimers, an Emerging Opportunity in Personalized Medicine? J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12081334. [PMID: 36013283 PMCID: PMC9409959 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers are highly branched macromolecules tailorable at will to fulfil precise requirements. They have generated a great many expectations and a huge number of publications and patents in relation to medicine, including in relation to personalized medicine, but have resulted in very poor clinical translation up to now. As clinical trials are the first steps in view of developing new compounds for (a personalized) medicine, this review focusses on the clinical trials carried out with dendrimers. Many of these clinical trials have been recently posted (2020–2022); thus, only very few concern phase 3. The safety and efficiency of essentially two main types of dendrimers, based on polylysine and polyamidoamide scaffolds, have been assessed up to now. These dendrimers were tested with the aim of treating mainly bacterial vaginosis, cancers, and COVID-19.
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Castellarnau A, Heery GP, Seta A, Luscombe CA, Kinghorn GR, Button P, McCloud P, Paull JRA. Astodrimer sodium antiviral nasal spray for reducing respiratory infections is safe and well tolerated in a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10210. [PMID: 35715644 PMCID: PMC9204674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14601-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Astodrimer sodium is a dendrimer molecule with antiviral and virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses in vitro, and has previously been shown to be safe and well tolerated, and not systemically absorbed, when applied to the vaginal mucosa. To investigate its potential utility as a topical antiviral, astodrimer sodium has been reformulated for application to the nasal mucosa to help reduce viral load before or after exposure to respiratory infection. The current investigation assessed the safety, tolerability and absorption of astodrimer sodium 1% antiviral nasal spray. This was a single-centre, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, exploratory clinical investigation. Forty healthy volunteers aged 18 to 65 years with no clinically significant nasal cavity examination findings were randomized 3:1 to astodrimer sodium nasal spray (N = 30) or placebo (N = 10) at an Australian clinical trials facility. An initial cohort of participants (N = 12 astodrimer, N = 4 placebo) received a single application (one spray per nostril) to assess any acute effects, followed by a washout period, before self-administering the spray four times daily for 14 days to represent an intensive application schedule. Extent of absorption of astodrimer sodium via the nasal mucosa was also assessed in this cohort. A second cohort of participants (N = 18 astodrimer, N = 6 placebo) self-administered the spray four times daily for 14 days. The primary endpoint was safety, measured by frequency and severity of treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs), including clinically significant nasal cavity examination findings, in the safety population (all participants randomized who administered any spray). Participants were randomized between 6 January 2021 and 29 March 2021. TEAEs occurred in 8/10 (80%) participants in the placebo arm and 19/30 (63.3%) participants in the astodrimer sodium arm; all were of mild intensity. TEAEs considered potentially related to study product occurred in 5/10 (50%) participants receiving placebo and 10/30 (33.3%) of participants receiving astodrimer sodium. No participants experienced serious AEs, or TEAEs leading to withdrawal from the study. No systemic absorption of astodrimer sodium via the nasal mucosa was detected. Astodrimer sodium nasal spray was well tolerated and is a promising innovation warranting further investigation for nasal administration to potentially reduce infection and spread of community acquired respiratory virus infections. Trial Registration: ACTRN12620001371987, first registered 22-12-2020 (Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, https://anzctr.org.au/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Castellarnau
- Starpharma Pty Ltd, 4-6 Southampton Crescent, Abbotsford, VIC, 3067, Australia
| | - Graham P Heery
- Starpharma Pty Ltd, 4-6 Southampton Crescent, Abbotsford, VIC, 3067, Australia
| | - Aynaz Seta
- Starpharma Pty Ltd, 4-6 Southampton Crescent, Abbotsford, VIC, 3067, Australia
| | - Carolyn A Luscombe
- Starpharma Pty Ltd, 4-6 Southampton Crescent, Abbotsford, VIC, 3067, Australia
| | | | - Peter Button
- McCloud Consulting Group Pty Ltd, Belrose, NSW, 2085, Australia
| | - Philip McCloud
- McCloud Consulting Group Pty Ltd, Belrose, NSW, 2085, Australia
| | - Jeremy R A Paull
- Starpharma Pty Ltd, 4-6 Southampton Crescent, Abbotsford, VIC, 3067, Australia.
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10
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Rodríguez-Izquierdo I, Sepúlveda-Crespo D, Lasso JM, Resino S, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ. Baseline and time-updated factors in preclinical development of anionic dendrimers as successful anti-HIV-1 vaginal microbicides. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1774. [PMID: 35018739 PMCID: PMC9285063 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although a wide variety of topical microbicides provide promising in vitro and in vivo efficacy, most of them failed to prevent sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) in human clinical trials. In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models must be optimized, considering the knowledge acquired from unsuccessful and successful clinical trials to improve the current gaps and the preclinical development protocols. To date, dendrimers are the only nanotool that has advanced to human clinical trials as topical microbicides to prevent HIV‐1 transmission. This fact demonstrates the importance and the potential of these molecules as microbicides. Polyanionic dendrimers are highly branched nanocompounds with potent activity against HIV‐1 that disturb HIV‐1 entry. Herein, the most significant advancements in topical microbicide development, trying to mimic the real‐life conditions as closely as possible, are discussed. This review also provides the preclinical assays that anionic dendrimers have passed as microbicides because they can improve current antiviral treatments' efficacy. This article is categorized under:Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Sepúlveda-Crespo
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Salvador Resino
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ma Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain.,Section of Immunology, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
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11
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Safety and efficacy of G2-S16 dendrimer as microbicide in healthy human vaginal tissue explants. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:151. [PMID: 35307031 PMCID: PMC8935742 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The absence of an effective treatment and vaccine in HIV-1 pandemic place preventive strategies such as safety and effective microbicide development as a central therapeutic approach to control HIV-1 pandemic nowadays. RESULTS Studies of cytotoxicity, immune population status, inflammation or tissue damage and mainly prophylactic inhibition of HIV-1 infection in vaginal human explants demonstrate the biosafety and effectivity of G2-S16 dendrimer. Human explants treated with G2-S16 dendrimer or treated and HIV-1 infected do not presented signs of irritation, inflammation, immune activation or T cell populations deregulation. CONCLUSIONS Herein we conclude that G2-S16 dendrimer has demonstrated sufficient efficacy, biosafety, effectivity and behavior in the closest to the real-life condition model represented by the human healthy donor vaginal tissue explants, to raise G2-S16 dendrimer as a promising candidate to clinical trials to develop an effective microbicide against HIV-1 infection.
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12
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England RM, Sonzini S, Buttar D, Treacher K, Ashford M. Investigating the properties of L-lysine dendrimers through physico-chemical characterisation techniques and atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00080f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(L-lysine) (PLL) dendrimers up to generation 6, both as their ammonium trifluoroacetate salts and their boc-protected intermediates were characterised using multi-detector size exclusion chromatography (MD-SEC) and Taylor dispersion analysis (TDA)...
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13
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Kuroki A, Tay J, Lee GH, Yang YY. Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Peptides and Polymers. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2101113. [PMID: 34599850 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As the human cost of the pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still being witnessed worldwide, the development of broad-spectrum antiviral agents against emerging and re-emerging viruses is seen as a necessity to hamper the spread of infections. Various targets during the viral life-cycle can be considered to inhibit viral infection, from viral attachment to viral fusion or replication. Macromolecules represent a particularly attractive class of therapeutics due to their multivalency and versatility. Although several antiviral macromolecules hold great promise in clinical applications, the emergence of resistance after prolonged exposure urges the need for improved solutions. In the present article, the recent advancement in the discovery of antiviral peptides and polymers with diverse structural features and antiviral mechanisms is reviewed. Future perspectives, such as, the development of virucidal peptides/polymers and their coatings against SARS-CoV-2 infection, standardization of antiviral testing protocols, and use of artificial intelligence or machine learning as a tool to accelerate the discovery of antiviral macromolecules, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Kuroki
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore 117597 Singapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging 31 Biopolis Ways, The Nanos Singapore 138669 Singapore
| | - Joyce Tay
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging 31 Biopolis Ways, The Nanos Singapore 138669 Singapore
| | - Guan Huei Lee
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore 117597 Singapore
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging 31 Biopolis Ways, The Nanos Singapore 138669 Singapore
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14
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Thalji MR, Ibrahim AA, Ali GA. Cutting-edge development in dendritic polymeric materials for biomedical and energy applications. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Young IC, Benhabbour SR. Multipurpose Prevention Technologies: Oral, Parenteral, and Vaginal Dosage Forms for Prevention of HIV/STIs and Unplanned Pregnancy. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2450. [PMID: 34372059 PMCID: PMC8347890 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a high global prevalence of HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and unplanned pregnancies. Current preventative daily oral dosing regimens can be ineffective due to low patient adherence. Sustained release delivery systems in conjunction with multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs) can reduce high rates of HIV/STIs and unplanned pregnancies in an all-in-one efficacious, acceptable, and easily accessible technology to allow for prolonged release of antivirals and contraceptives. The concept and development of MPTs have greatly progressed over the past decade and demonstrate efficacious technologies that are user-accepted with potentially high adherence. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the latest oral, parenteral, and vaginally delivered MPTs in development as well as drug delivery formulations with the potential to advance as an MPT, and implementation studies regarding MPT user acceptability and adherence. Furthermore, there is a focus on MPT intravaginal rings emphasizing injection molding and hot-melt extrusion manufacturing limitations and emerging fabrication advancements. Lastly, formulation development considerations and limitations are discussed, such as nonhormonal contraceptive considerations, challenges with achieving a stable coformulation of multiple drugs, achieving sustained and controlled drug release, limiting drug-drug interactions, and advancing past preclinical development stages. Despite the challenges in the MPT landscape, these technologies demonstrate the potential to bridge gaps in preventative sexual and reproductive health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella C. Young
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Soumya Rahima Benhabbour
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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16
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Osmałek T, Froelich A, Jadach B, Tatarek A, Gadziński P, Falana A, Gralińska K, Ekert M, Puri V, Wrotyńska-Barczyńska J, Michniak-Kohn B. Recent Advances in Polymer-Based Vaginal Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:884. [PMID: 34203714 PMCID: PMC8232205 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vagina has been considered a potential drug administration route for centuries. Most of the currently marketed and investigated vaginal formulations are composed with the use of natural or synthetic polymers having different functions in the product. The vaginal route is usually investigated as an administration site for topically acting active ingredients; however, the anatomical and physiological features of the vagina make it suitable also for drug systemic absorption. In this review, the most important natural and synthetic polymers used in vaginal products are summarized and described, with special attention paid to the properties important in terms of vaginal application. Moreover, the current knowledge on the commonly applied and innovative dosage forms designed for vaginal administration was presented. The aim of this work was to highlight the most recent research directions and indicate challenges related to vaginal drug administrations. As revealed in the literature overview, intravaginal products still gain enormous scientific attention, and novel polymers and formulations are still explored. However, there are research areas that require more extensive studies in order to provide the safety of novel vaginal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Osmałek
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Anna Froelich
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Barbara Jadach
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Adam Tatarek
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Piotr Gadziński
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Aleksandra Falana
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Kinga Gralińska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Michał Ekert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Vinam Puri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, William Levine Hall, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Life Sciences Building, New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (V.P.); (B.M.-K.)
| | - Joanna Wrotyńska-Barczyńska
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna St., 60-535 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Bozena Michniak-Kohn
- Department of Pharmaceutics, William Levine Hall, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Life Sciences Building, New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (V.P.); (B.M.-K.)
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17
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Mathez G, Cagno V. Viruses Like Sugars: How to Assess Glycan Involvement in Viral Attachment. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1238. [PMID: 34200288 PMCID: PMC8230229 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The first step of viral infection requires interaction with the host cell. Before finding the specific receptor that triggers entry, the majority of viruses interact with the glycocalyx. Identifying the carbohydrates that are specifically recognized by different viruses is important both for assessing the cellular tropism and for identifying new antiviral targets. Advances in the tools available for studying glycan-protein interactions have made it possible to identify them more rapidly; however, it is important to recognize the limitations of these methods in order to draw relevant conclusions. Here, we review different techniques: genetic screening, glycan arrays, enzymatic and pharmacological approaches, and surface plasmon resonance. We then detail the glycan interactions of enterovirus D68 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), highlighting the aspects that need further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valeria Cagno
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
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18
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Abstract
The host immune system is highly compromised in case of viral infections and relapses are very common. The capacity of the virus to destroy the host cell by liberating its own DNA or RNA and replicating inside the host cell poses challenges in the development of antiviral therapeutics. In recent years, many new technologies have been explored for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of viral infections. Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the most promising technologies on account of its ability to deal with viral diseases in an effective manner, addressing the limitations of traditional antiviral medicines. It has not only helped us to overcome problems related to solubility and toxicity of drugs, but also imparted unique properties to drugs, which in turn has increased their potency and selectivity toward viral cells against the host cells. The initial part of the paper focuses on some important proteins of influenza, Ebola, HIV, herpes, Zika, dengue, and corona virus and those of the host cells important for their entry and replication into the host cells. This is followed by different types of nanomaterials which have served as delivery vehicles for the antiviral drugs. It includes various lipid-based, polymer-based, lipid-polymer hybrid-based, carbon-based, inorganic metal-based, surface-modified, and stimuli-sensitive nanomaterials and their application in antiviral therapeutics. The authors also highlight newer promising treatment approaches like nanotraps, nanorobots, nanobubbles, nanofibers, nanodiamonds, nanovaccines, and mathematical modeling for the future. The paper has been updated with the recent developments in nanotechnology-based approaches in view of the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19.Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malobika Chakravarty
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Amisha Vora
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India.
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19
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Filipczak N, Yalamarty SSK, Li X, Parveen F, Torchilin V. Developments in Treatment Methodologies Using Dendrimers for Infectious Diseases. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 26:molecules26113304. [PMID: 34072765 PMCID: PMC8198206 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers comprise a specific group of macromolecules, which combine structural properties of both single molecules and long expanded polymers. The three-dimensional form of dendrimers and the extensive possibilities for use of additional substrates for their construction creates a multivalent potential and a wide possibility for medical, diagnostic and environmental purposes. Depending on their composition and structure, dendrimers have been of interest in many fields of science, ranging from chemistry, biotechnology to biochemical applications. These compounds have found wide application from the production of catalysts for their use as antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral agents. Of particular interest are peptide dendrimers as a medium for transport of therapeutic substances: synthetic vaccines against parasites, bacteria and viruses, contrast agents used in MRI, antibodies and genetic material. This review focuses on the description of the current classes of dendrimers, the methodology for their synthesis and briefly drawbacks of their properties and their use as potential therapies against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Filipczak
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.F.); (S.S.K.Y.); (X.L.); (F.P.)
| | - Satya Siva Kishan Yalamarty
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.F.); (S.S.K.Y.); (X.L.); (F.P.)
| | - Xiang Li
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.F.); (S.S.K.Y.); (X.L.); (F.P.)
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Farzana Parveen
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.F.); (S.S.K.Y.); (X.L.); (F.P.)
- The Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Vladimir Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.F.); (S.S.K.Y.); (X.L.); (F.P.)
- Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Plastic Surgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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20
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Yang D. Application of Nanotechnology in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:623-649. [PMID: 33531805 PMCID: PMC7847377 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s296383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, has been prevalent worldwide for almost a year. In early 2000, there was an outbreak of SARS-CoV, and in early 2010, a similar dissemination of infection by MERS-CoV occurred. However, no clear explanation for the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and a massive increase in the number of infections has yet been proposed. The best solution to overcome this pandemic is the development of suitable and effective vaccines and therapeutics. Fortunately, for SARS-CoV-2, the genome sequence and protein structure have been published in a short period, making research and development for prevention and treatment relatively easy. In addition, intranasal drug delivery has proven to be an effective method of administration for treating viral lung diseases. In recent years, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have been applied to intranasal drug delivery to overcome various limitations that occur during mucosal administration, and advances have been made to the stage where effective drug delivery is possible. This review describes the accumulated knowledge of the previous SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections and aims to help understand the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, it elucidates the achievements in developing COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics to date through existing approaches. Finally, the applicable nanotechnology approach is described in detail, and vaccines and therapeutic drugs developed based on nanomedicine, which are currently undergoing clinical trials, have presented the potential to become innovative alternatives for overcoming COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongki Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
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21
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Relaño-Rodríguez I, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ. Emergence of Nanotechnology to Fight HIV Sexual Transmission: The Trip of G2-S16 Polyanionic Carbosilane Dendrimer to Possible Pre-Clinical Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249403. [PMID: 33321835 PMCID: PMC7764023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of new, safe, and effective microbicides to prevent human immunodeficiency virus HIV sexual transmission is needed. Unfortunately, most microbicides proved ineffective to prevent the risk of HIV-infection in clinical trials. We are working with G2-S16 polyanionic carbosilane dendrimer (PCD) as a new possible vaginal topical microbicide, based on its short reaction times, wide availability, high reproducibility, and quantitative yields of reaction. G2-S16 PCD exerts anti-HIV activity at an early stage of viral replication, by blocking gp120/CD4/CCR5 interaction, and providing a barrier against infection for long periods of time. G2-S16 PCD was stable at different pH values, as well as in the presence of seminal fluids. It maintained the anti-HIV activity against R5/X4 HIV over time, did not generate any type of drug resistance, and retained the anti-HIV effect when exposed to semen-enhanced viral infection. Importantly, G2-S16 PCD did not modify vaginal microbiota neither in vitro or in vivo. Histopathological examination did not show vaginal irritation, inflammation, lesions, or damage in the vaginal mucosa, after administration of G2-S16 PCD at different concentrations and times in female mice and rabbit animal models. Based on these promising data, G2-S16 PCD could become a good, safe, and readily available candidate to use as a topical vaginal microbicide against HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Relaño-Rodríguez
- Head Section of Immunology, Molecular Immunology Laboratory, General Universitary Hospital Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Maria Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Head Section of Immunology, Molecular Immunology Laboratory, General Universitary Hospital Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain;
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañon (IiSGM), C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +34-91-586-8565
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22
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Cardoso VMDO, Moreira BJ, Comparetti EJ, Sampaio I, Ferreira LMB, Lins PMP, Zucolotto V. Is Nanotechnology Helping in the Fight Against COVID-19? FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2020.588915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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23
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Maysinger D, Zhang Q, Kakkar A. Dendrimers as Modulators of Brain Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:E4489. [PMID: 33007959 PMCID: PMC7582352 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanostructured hyperbranched macromolecules have been extensively studied at the chemical, physical and morphological levels. The cellular structural and functional complexity of neural cells and their cross-talk have made it rather difficult to evaluate dendrimer effects in a mixed population of glial cells and neurons. Thus, we are at a relatively early stage of bench-to-bedside translation, and this is due mainly to the lack of data valuable for clinical investigations. It is only recently that techniques have become available that allow for analyses of biological processes inside the living cells, at the nanoscale, in real time. This review summarizes the essential properties of neural cells and dendrimers, and provides a cross-section of biological, pre-clinical and early clinical studies, where dendrimers were used as nanocarriers. It also highlights some examples of biological studies employing dendritic polyglycerol sulfates and their effects on glia and neurons. It is the aim of this review to encourage young scientists to advance mechanistic and technological approaches in dendrimer research so that these extremely versatile and attractive nanostructures gain even greater recognition in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada;
| | - Qiaochu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada;
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
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24
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Fernandes T, Baxi K, Sawarkar S, Sarmento B, das Neves J. Vaginal multipurpose prevention technologies: promising approaches for enhancing women's sexual and reproductive health. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:379-393. [PMID: 32036727 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1728251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs) have the potential to avert multiple concomitant sexual and reproductive health issues in women such as sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy. MPTs incorporate one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients in a single product, which adds more convenience for users and may promote increased adherence. Various vaginal dosage forms/delivery systems have been studied for designing MPTs. However, several challenges remain that are mainly related to requirements of individual drugs or intended multiple applications.Areas covered: This review focuses on the emerging need and development of vaginal MPTs. It illustrates numerous examples that are currently in the preclinical and clinical development pipeline, highlighting the concept behind vaginal MPTs. The article also highlights the challenges associated with formulation design and development, including regulatory issues that need to be addressed.Expert opinion: Vaginal MPTs present great potential to empower women with novel, efficient, and safe products for protection against sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy. However, several technological issues and regulatory gaps still need to be addressed in order to meet real-world needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinette Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai,India
| | - Krishna Baxi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai,India
| | - Sujata Sawarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai,India
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal
| | - José das Neves
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal
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25
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Sanz del Olmo N, Carloni R, Ortega P, García-Gallego S, de la Mata FJ. Metallodendrimers as a promising tool in the biomedical field: An overview. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Melnyk T, Đorđević S, Conejos-Sánchez I, Vicent MJ. Therapeutic potential of polypeptide-based conjugates: Rational design and analytical tools that can boost clinical translation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 160:136-169. [PMID: 33091502 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The clinical success of polypeptides as polymeric drugs, covered by the umbrella term "polymer therapeutics," combined with related scientific and technological breakthroughs, explain their exponential growth in the development of polypeptide-drug conjugates as therapeutic agents. A deeper understanding of the biology at relevant pathological sites and the critical biological barriers faced, combined with advances regarding controlled polymerization techniques, material bioresponsiveness, analytical methods, and scale up-manufacture processes, have fostered the development of these nature-mimicking entities. Now, engineered polypeptides have the potential to combat current challenges in the advanced drug delivery field. In this review, we will discuss examples of polypeptide-drug conjugates as single or combination therapies in both preclinical and clinical studies as therapeutics and molecular imaging tools. Importantly, we will critically discuss relevant examples to highlight those parameters relevant to their rational design, such as linking chemistry, the analytical strategies employed, and their physicochemical and biological characterization, that will foster their rapid clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Melnyk
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Snežana Đorđević
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Conejos-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - María J Vicent
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
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Santos A, Veiga F, Figueiras A. Dendrimers as Pharmaceutical Excipients: Synthesis, Properties, Toxicity and Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 13:E65. [PMID: 31877717 PMCID: PMC6981751 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the Current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) in the United States of America, define excipient as the constituents of the pharmaceutical form other than the active ingredient, i.e., any component that is intended to furnish pharmacological activity. Although dendrimers do not have a pharmacopoeia monograph and, therefore, cannot be recognized as a pharmaceutical excipient, these nanostructures have received enormous attention from researchers. Due to their unique properties, like the nanoscale uniform size, a high degree of branching, polyvalency, aqueous solubility, internal cavities, and biocompatibility, dendrimers are ideal as active excipients, enhancing the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. The fact that the dendrimer's properties are controllable during their synthesis render them promising agents for drug-delivery applications in several pharmaceutical formulations. Additionally, dendrimers can be used for reducing the drug toxicity and for the enhancement of the drug efficacy. This review aims to discuss the properties that turn dendrimers into pharmaceutical excipients and their potential applications in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.); (F.V.)
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.); (F.V.)
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Figueiras
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.); (F.V.)
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
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Dias AP, da Silva Santos S, da Silva JV, Parise-Filho R, Igne Ferreira E, Seoud OE, Giarolla J. Dendrimers in the context of nanomedicine. Int J Pharm 2019; 573:118814. [PMID: 31759101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers are globular structures, presenting an initiator core, repetitive layers starting radially from the core and terminal groups on the surface, resembling tree architecture. These structures have been studied in many biological applications, as drug, DNA, RNA and proteins delivery, as well as imaging and radiocontrast agents. With reference to that, this review focused in providing examples of dendrimers used in nanomedicine. Although most studies emphasize cancer, there are others which reveal action in the neurosystem, reducing either neuroinflammation or protein aggregation. Dendrimers can carry bioactive compounds by covalent bond (dendrimer prodrug), or by ionic interaction or adsortion in the internal space of the nanostructure. Additionally, dendrimers can be associated with other polymers, as PEG (polyethylene glycol), and with targeting structures as aptamers, antibodies, folic acid and carbohydrates. Their products in preclinical/clinical trial and those in the market are also discussed, with a total of six derivatives in clinical trials and seven products available in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Dias
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Soraya da Silva Santos
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - João Vitor da Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Roberto Parise-Filho
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Igne Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Omar El Seoud
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jeanine Giarolla
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil.
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Clinical testing of antiretroviral drugs as future prevention against vaginal and rectal transmission of HIV infection - a review of currently available results. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2019; 69:297-319. [PMID: 31259738 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2019-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The original purpose of vaginally applied microbicides was to slow down the HIV epidemic among the population until an effective vaccination was developed. Nowadays, antiretrovirals applied in the form of gels or vaginal rings are considered most prominent in this field and are tested via vaginal or, rarely, rectal applications in numerous clinical studies (9 different antiretroviral drugs in 33 clinical studies, especially in Africa). Only tenofovir (1 % gel) and dapivirine (25 mg in vaginal ring) progressed into the phase III clinical testing. Their efficiency depended on the user´s strict adherence to the application regimen (for tenofovir 54 %, for dapivirine 61 % in participants over 25 years of age). Despite this, they are expected to be important and effective tools of preventive medicine in the near future. This review summarizes the results obtained during long-term clinical testing (2005-2018) of antiretroviral drugs against vaginal and rectal transmission of HIV infection.
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Cagno V, Tseligka ED, Jones ST, Tapparel C. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans and Viral Attachment: True Receptors or Adaptation Bias? Viruses 2019; 11:v11070596. [PMID: 31266258 PMCID: PMC6669472 DOI: 10.3390/v11070596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) are composed of unbranched, negatively charged heparan sulfate (HS) polysaccharides attached to a variety of cell surface or extracellular matrix proteins. Widely expressed, they mediate many biological activities, including angiogenesis, blood coagulation, developmental processes, and cell homeostasis. HSPG are highly sulfated and broadly used by a range of pathogens, especially viruses, to attach to the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cagno
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Eirini D Tseligka
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samuel T Jones
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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Advances in drug delivery, gene delivery and therapeutic agents based on dendritic materials. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:1791-1810. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers are synthetic polymers that grow in three dimensions into well-defined structures. Their morphological appearance resembles a number of trees connected by a common point. Dendritic nanoparticles have been studied for a large number of pharmaceutical and biomedical applications including gene and drug delivery, clinical diagnosis and MRI. Despite the application of dendrimers, research is still in its childhood in comparison with liposomes and other nanomaterials. They are now playing a key role in several therapeutic strategies, with dendrimer-based products in clinical trials. The aim of this review is to describe the state-of-the-art of biomedical applications of dendrimers – and dendrimer conjugates – such as drug and gene delivery and antiviral activity.
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Macchione MA, Guerrero-Beltrán C, Rosso AP, Euti EM, Martinelli M, Strumia MC, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ. Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) Nanogels with Antiviral Behavior against HIV-1 Infection. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5732. [PMID: 30952921 PMCID: PMC6450967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive nanogels offer promising perspectives for the development of next generation formulations for biomedical applications. In this work, poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) nanogels were synthesized varying the concentration of monomer and crosslinking agent. Thus, the inhibitory effect of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) nanogels against HIV-1 infection is presented for the first time. In particular, we have demonstrated that one of the synthesized poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) nanogels with initial concentration of 80 mg of vinylcaprolactam and 4% of crosslinking agent shows antiviral behavior against HIV-1 infection since this nanogel inhibits the viral replication in TZM.bl target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela A Macchione
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica. Av. Haya de la Torre esq. Av. Medina Allende, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
- CONICET, Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA). Av. Velez Sárfield 1611, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Carlos Guerrero-Beltrán
- Sección Inmunología, Laboratorio Inmuno Biología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, 28007, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, 28007, Spain
- Spanish HIV HGM Biobank, Madrid, 28007, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Anabella P Rosso
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica. Av. Haya de la Torre esq. Av. Medina Allende, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
- CONICET, Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA). Av. Velez Sárfield 1611, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Esteban M Euti
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica. Av. Haya de la Torre esq. Av. Medina Allende, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
- CONICET, Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA). Av. Velez Sárfield 1611, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Marisa Martinelli
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica. Av. Haya de la Torre esq. Av. Medina Allende, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
- CONICET, Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA). Av. Velez Sárfield 1611, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Miriam C Strumia
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica. Av. Haya de la Torre esq. Av. Medina Allende, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina.
- CONICET, Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA). Av. Velez Sárfield 1611, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina.
| | - Maria Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Sección Inmunología, Laboratorio Inmuno Biología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, 28007, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, 28007, Spain.
- Spanish HIV HGM Biobank, Madrid, 28007, Spain.
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain.
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Mhlwatika Z, Aderibigbe BA. Application of Dendrimers for the Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Molecules 2018; 23:E2205. [PMID: 30200314 PMCID: PMC6225509 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers are drug delivery systems that are characterized by a three-dimensional, star-shaped, branched macromolecular network. They possess ideal properties such as low polydispersity index, biocompatibility and good water solubility. They are made up of the interior and the exterior layers. The exterior layer consists of functional groups that are useful for conjugation of drugs and targeting moieties. The interior layer exhibits improved drug encapsulation efficiency, reduced drug toxicity, and controlled release mechanisms. These unique properties make them useful for drug delivery. Dendrimers have attracted considerable attention as drug delivery system for the treatment of infectious diseases. The treatment of infectious diseases is hampered severely by drug resistance. Several properties of dendrimers such as their ability to overcome drug resistance, toxicity and control the release mechanism of the encapsulated drugs make them ideal systems for the treatment of infectious disease. The aim of this review is to discuss the potentials of dendrimers for the treatment of viral and parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zandile Mhlwatika
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Eastern Cape 5700, South Africa.
| | - Blessing Atim Aderibigbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Eastern Cape 5700, South Africa.
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Andronova VL. MODERN ETHIOTROPIC CHEMOTHERAPY OF HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS: ADVANCES, NEW TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES. ALPHAHERPESVIRUSES (PART II). Vopr Virusol 2018; 63:149-159. [PMID: 36494970 DOI: 10.18821/0507-4088-2018-63-4-149-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A key role in the treatment of herpesviral infections is played by modified nucleosides and their predecessors - acyclovir, its L-valine ester (valaciclovir) and famciclovir (prodrug of penciclovir). The biological activity of compounds of this class is determined by their similarity to natural nucleosides. After phosphorylation by viral thymidine kinase and then cell enzymes to the triphosphate forms, acyclovir and penciclovir inhibit the activity of viral DNA polymerase and synthesis of viral DNA. The increasing role of herpesvirus infections in human infectious pathology, as well as the development of drug resistance in viruses, mainly in patients with immunodeficiencies of various origins, necessitate the search for new compounds possessing anti-herpesvirus activity, using as a biological target not DNA polymerase, but other viral proteins and enzymes, unique or different from cellular proteins, performing similar functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Andronova
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya
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Abstract
Sexual intercourse (vaginal and anal) is the predominant mode of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. Topical microbicides used in an on-demand format (i.e., immediately before or after sex) can be part of an effective tool kit utilized to prevent sexual transmission of HIV. The effectiveness of prevention products is positively correlated with adherence, which is likely to depend on user acceptability of the product. The development of an efficacious and acceptable product is therefore paramount for the success of an on-demand product. Acceptability of on-demand products (e.g., gels, films, and tablets) and their attributes is influenced by a multitude of user-specific factors that span behavioral, lifestyle, socio-economic, and cultural aspects. In addition, physicochemical properties of the drug, anatomical and physiological aspects of anorectal and vaginal compartments, issues relating to large-scale production, and cost can impact product development. These factors together with user preferences determine the design space of an effective, acceptable, and feasible on-demand product. In this review, we summarize the interacting factors that together determine product choice and its target product profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravan Kumar Patel
- School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Lisa Cencia Rohan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by germs, parasites, fungi, virus and bacteria are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Polymeric therapeutics are nanomedicines that offer several advantages making them useful for the treatment of infectious diseases such as targeted drug release mechanism, ability to maintain the drug concentration within a therapeutic window for a desired duration, biocompatibility with low immunogenicity and reduced drug toxicity resulting in enhanced therapeutic efficacy of the incorporated drug. Although polymeric therapeutics have been evaluated for the treatment of infectious diseases in vitro and in vivo with improved therapeutic efficacy, most treatments for infectious disease have not been evaluated using polymeric therapeutics. This review will focus on the applications of polymeric therapeutics for the treatment of infectious diseases (preclinical studies and clinical trials), with particular focus on parasitic and viral infections.
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Optimising the collection of female genital tract fluid for cytokine analysis in pregnant women. J Immunol Methods 2018; 458:15-20. [PMID: 29625077 PMCID: PMC5981004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction To better understand the immunology of pregnancy, study of female genital tract fluid (FGF) is desirable. However the optimum method of collection of FGF in pregnant women for immunological methods, specifically cytokine measurement, is unknown. Methods A prospective study of HIV-uninfected pregnant women comparing two methods of FGF collection: polyvinyl acetal sponge collection of cervical fluid (CF) and menstrual cup collection of cervicovaginal fluid (CVF). Samples were collected at 3 time points across the second and third trimesters: 14–21, 22–25 and 26–31 weeks. Multiplex chemi-luminescent assays were used to measure: IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13 and TNF-α. Optimal methodology for cytokine normalisation (sample weight, volume and total protein) was explored. Results All cytokines were measurable in both fluid types. IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-6 were detected at the highest concentrations (ranking order CF > CVF > plasma). CVF collection was simpler, provided the largest volume of sample (median 0.5 g) with the potential for undiluted usage, and allowed for self-insertion. CF cytokine concentrations were intrinsically associated with sample weight and protein concentration however CVF cytokines were independent of these. Conclusion Both methods of collection are robust for measurement of FGF cytokines during pregnancy. We recommend CVF collection using a menstrual cup as a viable option in pregnant women for high dimensional biological techniques. PVA sponges and MCs are robust methods for measuring FGF cytokines in pregnancy. MCs enable collection of large undiluted CVF volumes for high dimensional assays. CVF (not CF) cytokine concentrations are largely independent of sample weight or protein. Self-insertion and short collection time of MCs is an attractive option to women. Cytokine concentrations are higher in sponge samples reflecting the CF immune site.
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Kim Y, Park EJ, Na DH. Recent progress in dendrimer-based nanomedicine development. Arch Pharm Res 2018; 41:571-582. [PMID: 29450862 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-1008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers offer well-defined nanoarchitectures with spherical shape, high degree of molecular uniformity, and multiple surface functionalities. Such unique structural properties of dendrimers have created many applications for drug and gene delivery, nanomedicine, diagnostics, and biomedical engineering. Dendrimers are not only capable of delivering drugs or diagnostic agents to desired sites by encapsulating or conjugating them to the periphery, but also have therapeutic efficacy in their own. When compared to traditional polymers for drug delivery, dendrimers have distinct advantages, such as high drug-loading capacity at the surface terminal for conjugation or interior space for encapsulation, size control with well-defined numbers of peripheries, and multivalency for conjugation to drugs, targeting moieties, molecular sensors, and biopolymers. This review focuses on recent applications of dendrimers for the development of dendrimer-based nanomedicines for cancer, inflammation, and viral infection. Although dendrimer-based nanomedicines still face some challenges including scale-up production and well-characterization, several dendrimer-based drug candidates are expected to enter clinical development phase in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hee Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Churqui MP, Lind L, Thörn K, Svensson A, Savolainen O, Aranda KT, Eriksson K. Extracts of Equisetum giganteum L and Copaifera reticulate Ducke show strong antiviral activity against the sexually transmitted pathogen herpes simplex virus type 2. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 210:192-197. [PMID: 28807852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Equisetum giganteum L and Copaifera reticulate Ducke have been traditionally used by women of the Tacana tribe in the Bolivian Amazonas for genital hygiene and for treatment of genital infection/inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the ability of extracts from Equisetum giganteum L and Copaifera reticulate Ducke to block genital viral infection by herpes simplex virus type 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Equisetum giganteum L and Copaifera reticulate Ducke were collected from the Amazon region of La Paz, Bolivia. Extracts were prepared and screened for anti-viral activity against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) using both in vitro and in in vivo models of infection. RESULTS Equisetum giganteum L and Copaifera reticulate Ducke efficiently blocked HSV-2 infection of cell cultures without major cell cytotoxic effects. Extracts of Equisetum giganteum L and Copaifera reticulate Ducke could prevent HSV-2 disease development when administered together with virus in a mouse model of genital HSV-2 infection. In vitro analyses revealed that both plant extracts exerted their anti-HSV-2 effects by interfering with viral cell attachment and entry, but could not block viral replication post entry. CONCLUSIONS These studies show that extracts of Equisetum giganteum L and Copaifera reticulate Ducke have potent antiviral activities against HSV-2 comparable to those two previously identified plants, Croton lechleri Müll. Arg. and Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Schult.) DC. These studies confirm that plants used by the Tacana tribe could be explored further for the development of novel topical antiviral microbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela Patzi Churqui
- Department of Rheumatology & Inflammation research, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden; Virology, Immunity and Infection Unity, SELADIS institute, Biochemistry and Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Liza Lind
- Department of Rheumatology & Inflammation research, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karolina Thörn
- Department of Rheumatology & Inflammation research, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Svensson
- Department of Rheumatology & Inflammation research, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Otto Savolainen
- Chalmers Mass Spectrometry Infrastructure, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katty Terrazas Aranda
- Virology, Immunity and Infection Unity, SELADIS institute, Biochemistry and Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Kristina Eriksson
- Department of Rheumatology & Inflammation research, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Wu TJ, Chiu HY, Yu J, Cautela MP, Sarmento B, das Neves J, Catala C, Pazos-Perez N, Guerrini L, Alvarez-Puebla RA, Vranješ-Đurić S, Ignjatović NL. Nanotechnologies for early diagnosis, in situ disease monitoring, and prevention. NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN PREVENTIVE AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2018. [PMCID: PMC7156018 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-48063-5.00001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is an enabling technology with great potential for applications in stem cell research and regenerative medicine. Fluorescent nanodiamond (FND), an inherently biocompatible and nontoxic nanoparticle, is well suited for such applications. We had developed a prospective isolation method using CD157, CD45, and CD54 to obtain lung stem cells. Labeling of CD45−CD54+CD157+ cells with FNDs did not eliminate their abilities for self-renewal and differentiation. The FND labeling in combination with cell sorting, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, and immunostaining identified transplanted stem cells allowed tracking of their engraftment and regenerative capabilities with single-cell resolution. Time-gated fluorescence (TGF) imaging in mouse tissue sections indicated that they reside preferentially at the bronchoalveolar junctions of lungs, especially in naphthalene-injured mice. Our results presented in Subchapter 1.1 demonstrate not only the remarkable homing capacity and regenerative potential of the isolated stem cells, but also the ability of finding rare lung stem cells in vivo using FNDs. The topical use of antiretroviral-based microbicides, namely of a dapivirine ring, has been recently shown to partially prevent transmission of HIV through the vaginal route. Among different formulation approaches, nanotechnology tools and principles have been used for the development of tentative vaginal and rectal microbicide products. Subchapter 1.2 provides an overview of antiretroviral drug nanocarriers as novel microbicide candidates and discusses recent and relevant research on the topic. Furthermore, advances in developing vaginal delivery platforms for the administration of promising antiretroviral drug nanocarriers are reviewed. Although mostly dedicated to the discussion of nanosystems for vaginal use, the development of rectal nanomicrobicides is also addressed. Infectious diseases are currently responsible for over 8 million deaths per year. Efficient treatments require accurate recognition of pathogens at low concentrations, which in the case of blood infection (septicemia) can go as low as 1 mL–1. Detecting and quantifying bacteria at such low concentrations is challenging and typically demands cultures of large samples of blood (∼1 mL) extending over 24–72 h. This delay seriously compromises the health of patients and is largely responsible for the death toll of bacterial infections. Recent advances in nanoscience, spectroscopy, plasmonics, and microfluidics allow for the development of optical devices capable of monitoring minute amounts of analytes in liquid samples. In Subchapter 1.3 we critically discuss these recent developments that will, in the future, enable the multiplex identification and quantification of microorganisms directly on their biological matrix with unprecedented speed, low cost, and sensitivity. Radiolabeled nanoparticles (NPs) are finding an increasing interest in a broad range of biomedical applications. They may be used to detect and characterize diseases, to deliver relevant therapeutics, and to study the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters of nanomaterials. The use of radiotracer techniques in the research of novel NPs offers many advantages, but there are still some limitations. The binding of radionuclides to NPs has to be irreversible to prevent their escape to other tissues or organs. Due to the short half-lives of radionuclides, the manufacturing process is time limited and difficult, and there is also a risk of contamination. Subchapter 1.4 presents the main selection criteria for radionuclides and applicable radiolabeling procedures used for the radiolabeling of various NPs. Also, an overview of different types of NPs that have so far been labeled with radionuclides is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Jung Wu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kuei Shang, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yu Chiu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kuei Shang, Taiwan,China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - John Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kuei Shang, Taiwan,Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Taipei, Taiwan
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42
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Ventola CL. Progress in Nanomedicine: Approved and Investigational Nanodrugs. P & T : A PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL FOR FORMULARY MANAGEMENT 2017; 42:742-755. [PMID: 29234213 PMCID: PMC5720487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is a relatively new and rapidly evolving field combining nanotechnology with the biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences.1-3 Nanoparticles (NPs) can impart many pharmacokinetic, efficacy, safety, and targeting benefits when they are included in drug formulations.1-5 Many nanodrugs have entered clinical practice, and even more are being investigated in clinical trials for a wide variety of indications.2 However, nanopharmaceuticals also face challenges, such as the need for better characterization, possible toxicity issues, a lack of specific regulatory guidelines, cost-benefit considerations, and waning enthusiasm among some health care professionals. 4,5 For these reasons, expectations regarding nanodrugs that are in early stages of development or clinical trials need to remain realistic.4.
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43
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Hearps AC, Tyssen D, Srbinovski D, Bayigga L, Diaz DJD, Aldunate M, Cone RA, Gugasyan R, Anderson DJ, Tachedjian G. Vaginal lactic acid elicits an anti-inflammatory response from human cervicovaginal epithelial cells and inhibits production of pro-inflammatory mediators associated with HIV acquisition. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:1480-1490. [PMID: 28401934 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation in the female reproductive tract (FRT) is associated with increased HIV transmission. Lactobacillus spp. dominate the vaginal microbiota of many women and their presence is associated with reduced HIV acquisition. Here we demonstrate that lactic acid (LA), a major organic acid metabolite produced by lactobacilli, mediates anti-inflammatory effects on human cervicovaginal epithelial cells. Treatment of human vaginal and cervical epithelial cell lines with LA (pH 3.9) elicited significant increases in the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1RA. When added simultaneously or prior to stimulation, LA inhibited the Toll-like receptor agonist-elicited production of inflammatory mediators IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, RANTES, and MIP3α from epithelial cell lines and prevented IL-6 and IL-8 production by seminal plasma. The anti-inflammatory effect of LA was mediated by the protonated form present at pH≤3.86 and was observed with both L- and D-isomers. A similar anti-inflammatory effect of LA was observed in primary cervicovaginal cells and in an organotypic epithelial tissue model. These findings identify a novel property of LA that acts directly on epithelial cells to inhibit FRT inflammation and highlights the potential use of LA-containing agents in the lower FRT as adjuncts to female-initiated strategies to reduce HIV acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Hearps
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Tyssen
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Srbinovski
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - L Bayigga
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Microbiology and Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D J D Diaz
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Aldunate
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - R A Cone
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - R Gugasyan
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D J Anderson
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Microbiology and Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - G Tachedjian
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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44
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Pitorre M, Gondé H, Haury C, Messous M, Poilane J, Boudaud D, Kanber E, Rossemond Ndombina GA, Benoit JP, Bastiat G. Recent advances in nanocarrier-loaded gels: Which drug delivery technologies against which diseases? J Control Release 2017; 266:140-155. [PMID: 28951319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The combination of pharmaceutical technologies can be a wise choice for developing innovative therapeutic strategies. The association of nanocarriers and gels provides new therapeutic possibilities due to the combined properties of the two technologies. Gels support the nanocarriers, localize their administration to the target tissue, and sustain their release. In addition to the properties afforded by the gel, nanocarriers can provide additional drug sustained release or different pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profiles than those from nanocarriers administered by the conventional route to improve the drug therapeutic index. This review focuses on recent (over the last ten years) in vivo data showing the advances and advantages of using nanocarrier-loaded gels. Liposomes, micelles, liquid and solid lipid nanocapsules, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and fullerenes are all nanotechnologies which have been recently assessed for medical applications, such as cancer therapy, the treatment of cutaneous and infectious diseases, anesthesia, the administration of antidepressants, and the treatment of unexpected diseases, such as alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Pitorre
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France; Master 2 Nanomédecines et R&D Pharmaceutique, Pharmacy Department, UFR Santé, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Henri Gondé
- Master 2 Nanomédecines et R&D Pharmaceutique, Pharmacy Department, UFR Santé, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Clotilde Haury
- Master 2 Nanomédecines et R&D Pharmaceutique, Pharmacy Department, UFR Santé, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Marwa Messous
- Master 2 Nanomédecines et R&D Pharmaceutique, Pharmacy Department, UFR Santé, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Jérémie Poilane
- Master 2 Nanomédecines et R&D Pharmaceutique, Pharmacy Department, UFR Santé, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - David Boudaud
- Master 2 Nanomédecines et R&D Pharmaceutique, Pharmacy Department, UFR Santé, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Erdem Kanber
- Master 2 Nanomédecines et R&D Pharmaceutique, Pharmacy Department, UFR Santé, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Benoit
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France; Master 2 Nanomédecines et R&D Pharmaceutique, Pharmacy Department, UFR Santé, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Guillaume Bastiat
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France; Master 2 Nanomédecines et R&D Pharmaceutique, Pharmacy Department, UFR Santé, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.
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45
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A non-cytotoxic dendrimer with innate and potent anticancer and anti-metastatic activities. Nat Biomed Eng 2017; 1:745-757. [DOI: 10.1038/s41551-017-0130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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46
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Valeur E, Guéret SM, Adihou H, Gopalakrishnan R, Lemurell M, Waldmann H, Grossmann TN, Plowright AT. New Modalities for Challenging Targets in Drug Discovery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10294-10323. [PMID: 28186380 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Our ever-increasing understanding of biological systems is providing a range of exciting novel biological targets, whose modulation may enable novel therapeutic options for many diseases. These targets include protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions, which are, however, often refractory to classical small-molecule approaches. Other types of molecules, or modalities, are therefore required to address these targets, which has led several academic research groups and pharmaceutical companies to increasingly use the concept of so-called "new modalities". This Review defines for the first time the scope of this term, which includes novel peptidic scaffolds, oligonucleotides, hybrids, molecular conjugates, as well as new uses of classical small molecules. We provide the most representative examples of these modalities to target large binding surface areas such as those found in protein-protein interactions and for biological processes at the center of cell regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Valeur
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 83, Sweden
| | - Stéphanie M Guéret
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 83, Sweden.,AstraZeneca MPI Satellite Unit, Abteilung Chemische Biologie, Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hélène Adihou
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 83, Sweden.,AstraZeneca MPI Satellite Unit, Abteilung Chemische Biologie, Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ranganath Gopalakrishnan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 83, Sweden.,AstraZeneca MPI Satellite Unit, Abteilung Chemische Biologie, Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Malin Lemurell
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 83, Sweden
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie, Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Dortmund, Germany.,Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Germany
| | - Tom N Grossmann
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alleyn T Plowright
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 83, Sweden
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47
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Valeur E, Guéret SM, Adihou H, Gopalakrishnan R, Lemurell M, Waldmann H, Grossmann TN, Plowright AT. Neue Modalitäten für schwierige Zielstrukturen in der Wirkstoffentwicklung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Valeur
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 Mölndal 431 83 Schweden
| | - Stéphanie M. Guéret
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 Mölndal 431 83 Schweden
- AstraZeneca MPI Satellite Unit; Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie; Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Hélène Adihou
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 Mölndal 431 83 Schweden
- AstraZeneca MPI Satellite Unit; Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie; Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Ranganath Gopalakrishnan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 Mölndal 431 83 Schweden
- AstraZeneca MPI Satellite Unit; Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie; Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Malin Lemurell
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 Mölndal 431 83 Schweden
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie; Dortmund Deutschland
- Fakultät für Chemie and Chemische Biologie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Deutschland
| | - Tom N. Grossmann
- Chemical Genomics Centre der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Dortmund Deutschland
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences; VU University Amsterdam; Niederlande
| | - Alleyn T. Plowright
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 Mölndal 431 83 Schweden
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48
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Notario-Pérez F, Ruiz-Caro R, Veiga-Ochoa MD. Historical development of vaginal microbicides to prevent sexual transmission of HIV in women: from past failures to future hopes. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:1767-1787. [PMID: 28670111 PMCID: PMC5479294 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s133170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a global public health concern and is particularly serious in low- and middle-income countries. Widespread sexual violence and poverty, among other factors, increase the risk of infection in women, while currently available prevention methods are outside the control of most. This has driven the study of vaginal microbicides to prevent sexual transmission of HIV from men to women in recent decades. The first microbicides evaluated were formulated as gels for daily use and contained different substances such as surfactants, acidifiers and monoclonal antibodies, which failed to demonstrate efficacy in clinical trials. A gel containing the reverse transcriptase inhibitor tenofovir showed protective efficacy in women. However, the lack of adherence by patients led to the search for dosage forms capable of releasing the active principle for longer periods, and hence to the emergence of the vaginal ring loaded with dapivirine, which requires a monthly application and is able to reduce the sexual transmission of HIV. The future of vaginal microbicides will feature the use of alternative dosage forms, nanosystems for drug release and probiotics, which have emerged as potential microbicides but are still in the early stages of development. Protecting women with vaginal microbicide formulations would, therefore, be a valuable tool for avoiding sexual transmission of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Notario-Pérez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Ruiz-Caro
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Dolores Veiga-Ochoa
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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49
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Wagner RD, Johnson SJ, Danielsen ZY, Lim JH, Mudalige T, Linder S. Polyethylene glycol-functionalized poly (Lactic Acid-co-Glycolic Acid) and graphene oxide nanoparticles induce pro-inflammatory and apoptotic responses in Candida albicans-infected vaginal epithelial cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175250. [PMID: 28369145 PMCID: PMC5378405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucous-penetrating nanoparticles consisting of poly lactic acid-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-polyethylene glycol (PEG) could improve targeting of microbicidal drugs for sexually transmitted diseases by intravaginal inoculation. Nanoparticles can induce inflammatory responses, which may exacerbate the inflammation that occurs in the vaginal tracts of women with yeast infections. This study evaluated the effects of these drug-delivery nanoparticles on VK2(E6/E7) vaginal epithelial cell proinflammatory responses to Candida albicans yeast infections. Vaginal epithelial cell monolayers were infected with C. albicans and exposed to 100 μg/ml 49.5 nm PLGA-PEG nanospheres or 20 μg/ml 1.1 x 500 nm PEG-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-PEG) sheets. The cells were assessed for changes in mRNA and protein expression of inflammation-related genes by RT-qPCR and physiological markers of cell stress using high content analysis and flow cytometry. C. albicans exposure suppressed apoptotic gene expression, but induced oxidative stress in the cells. The nanomaterials induced cytotoxicity and programmed cell death responses alone and with C. albicans. PLGA-PEG nanoparticles induced mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes and induced poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, increased BAX/BCL2 ratios, and chromatin condensation indicative of apoptosis. They also induced autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and DNA damage. They caused the cells to excrete inflammatory recruitment molecules chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), interleukin-1α (IL1A), interleukin-1β (IL1B), calprotectin (S100A8), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF). GO-PEG nanoparticles induced expression of necrosis-related genes and cytotoxicity. They reduced autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptotic gene expression responses. The results show that stealth nanoparticle drug-delivery vehicles may cause intracellular damage to vaginal epithelial cells by several mechanisms and that their use for intravaginal drug delivery may exacerbate inflammation in active yeast infections by increased inflammatory recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Doug Wagner
- Microbiology Division, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Shemedia J. Johnson
- Microbiology Division, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Zhixia Yan Danielsen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology IV, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, White Oak, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jin-Hee Lim
- NCTR/ORA Nanotechnology Core Facility Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Thilak Mudalige
- NCTR/ORA Nanotechnology Core Facility Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Sean Linder
- NCTR/ORA Nanotechnology Core Facility Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
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50
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Carrion AJ, Miles JD, Mosley JF, Smith LL, Prather AS, Gurley MM, Phan LD, Everton EC. Prevention Strategies Against HIV Transmission: A Proactive Approach. J Pharm Pract 2017; 31:82-90. [PMID: 29278971 DOI: 10.1177/0897190017696946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has now transformed into a manageable chronic condition. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has proven efficacious at controlling the disease progression. Based on compelling evidence, the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) and the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) developed guidelines for the management of persons infected with HIV. However, there are approximately 50 000 new cases of HIV in the United States each year. In this article, we review proactive methods to reduce the transmission of HIV, which include reinforcing patient education, gel-coated condoms that destroy HIV, HIV vaccinations, and adequately utilizing pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Further development and consistent utilization of innovative prevention tools can significantly reduce the incidence of HIV infections regardless of HIV status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Carrion
- 1 College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Jovan D Miles
- 1 College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Juan F Mosley
- 1 College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,2 College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Crestview Education Center, Crestview, FL, USA
| | - Lillian L Smith
- 1 College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,2 College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Crestview Education Center, Crestview, FL, USA
| | - April S Prather
- 1 College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Marcus M Gurley
- 1 College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Linh D Phan
- 1 College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Emily C Everton
- 1 College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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