1
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Bahena Culhuac E, Bello M. Unveiling the Mechanisms of EGCG-p53 Interactions through Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:20066-20085. [PMID: 38737068 PMCID: PMC11080030 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Green tea consumption is associated with protective and preventive effects against various types of cancer. These effects are attributed to polyphenols, particularly epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). EGCG acts by directly inhibiting tumor suppressor protein p53. The binding mechanism by which EGCG inhibits p53 activity is associated with residues Trp23-Lys24 and Pro47-Thr55 within the p53 N-terminal domain (NTD). However, the structural and thermodynamic aspects of the interaction between EGCG and p53 are poorly understood. Therefore, based on crystallographic data, we combine docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area approaches to explore the intricacies of the EGCG-p53 binding mechanism. A triplicate microsecond MD simulation for each system is initially performed to capture diverse p53 NTD conformations. From the start, the most populated cluster of the second run (R2-1) stands out due to a unique opening between Trp23 and Trp53. During MD simulations, this conformation allows EGCG to sustain a high level of stability and affinity while interacting with both regions of interest and deepening the binding pocket. Structural analysis emphasizes the significance of pyrogallol motifs in EGCG binding. Therefore, the conformational shift in this gap is pivotal, enabling EGCG to impede p53 interactions and manifest its anticancer properties. These findings enhance the present comprehension of the anticancer properties of green tea polyphenols and pave the way for future therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Bahena Culhuac
- Laboratorio
de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación
Biotecnológica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
- Universidad
Autónoma del Estado de México Facultad de Ciencias, Toluca 50000, Mexico
| | - Martiniano Bello
- Laboratorio
de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación
Biotecnológica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
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2
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Therapeutic Effects of Green Tea Polyphenol (‒)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) in Relation to Molecular Pathways Controlling Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010340. [PMID: 36613784 PMCID: PMC9820274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
(‒)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant polyphenol in green tea. Thanks to multiple interactions with cell surface receptors, intracellular signaling pathways, and nuclear transcription factors, EGCG possesses a wide variety of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifibrotic, anti-remodelation, and tissue-protective properties which may be useful in the treatment of various diseases, particularly in cancer, and neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic disorders. This article reviews current information on the biological effects of EGCG in the above-mentioned disorders in relation to molecular pathways controlling inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis.
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3
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Retraction statement: High‐intensity focused ultrasound inhibits invasion and metastasis of colon cancer cells by enhancing
microRNA
‐124‐mediated suppression of
STAT3. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:2259. [DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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4
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The Role of Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2011945. [PMID: 35754694 PMCID: PMC9217581 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2011945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, interest in medicinal plants and phytochemicals for the treatment of skin disorders, including acne vulgaris, has progressively increased. Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit, which mainly occurs in adolescents and young adults. The treatment focuses on the four main factors involved in its pathogenesis: increased sebum production, hyperkeratinization, overgrowth of Cutibacterium acnes, and inflammation. The treatment includes topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics, and oral isotretinoin. In this regard, the use of herbal medicine as a complementary and alternative medicine is a promising strategy. The main objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of medicinal plants and phytochemicals in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Three scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched from inception to January 2021. Clinical trials comparing herbal therapies with placebo or other medicines for the treatment of acne vulgaris were included and analyzed. Outcome measures of interest comprised acne lesions (inflammatory and noninflammatory), sebum production, acne severity, and quality of life. The risk of bias in the included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. A total of 34 clinical trials involving 1753 participants met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. Most trials showed that herbal medicine significantly reduces inflammatory and noninflammatory acne lesions and has a relevant effect on acne severity. Some medicinal plants revealed equal or higher efficacy to standard treatments. No significant difference between groups in sebum production and quality of life was observed and no severe adverse events were reported. This systematic review provides evidence that medicinal plants and phytochemicals are promising treatments for mild to moderate acne vulgaris. However, more quality of evidence and standardized methodologies are needed to support their effectiveness and safety claims.
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5
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Tollis S, Rizzotto A, Pham NT, Koivukoski S, Sivakumar A, Shave S, Wildenhain J, Zuleger N, Keys JT, Culley J, Zheng Y, Lammerding J, Carragher NO, Brunton VG, Latonen L, Auer M, Tyers M, Schirmer EC. Chemical Interrogation of Nuclear Size Identifies Compounds with Cancer Cell Line-Specific Effects on Migration and Invasion. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:680-700. [PMID: 35199530 PMCID: PMC8938924 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
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Background: Lower survival rates for many cancer
types correlate with changes in nuclear size/scaling in a tumor-type/tissue-specific
manner. Hypothesizing that such changes might confer an advantage
to tumor cells, we aimed at the identification of commercially available
compounds to guide further mechanistic studies. We therefore screened
for Food and Drug Administration (FDA)/European Medicines Agency (EMA)-approved
compounds that reverse the direction of characteristic tumor nuclear
size changes in PC3, HCT116, and H1299 cell lines reflecting, respectively,
prostate adenocarcinoma, colonic adenocarcinoma, and small-cell squamous
lung cancer. Results: We found distinct, largely
nonoverlapping sets of compounds that rectify nuclear size changes
for each tumor cell line. Several classes of compounds including,
e.g., serotonin uptake inhibitors, cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors, β-adrenergic
receptor agonists, and Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitors,
displayed coherent nuclear size phenotypes focused on a particular
cell line or across cell lines and treatment conditions. Several compounds
from classes far afield from current chemotherapy regimens were also
identified. Seven nuclear size-rectifying compounds selected for further
investigation all inhibited cell migration and/or invasion. Conclusions: Our study provides (a) proof of concept that
nuclear size might be a valuable target to reduce cell migration/invasion
in cancer treatment and (b) the most thorough collection of tool compounds
to date reversing nuclear size changes specific to individual cancer-type
cell lines. Although these compounds still need to be tested in primary
cancer cells, the cell line-specific nuclear size and migration/invasion
responses to particular drug classes suggest that cancer type-specific
nuclear size rectifiers may help reduce metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Tollis
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Andrea Rizzotto
- The Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Michael Swann Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Nhan T. Pham
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Sonja Koivukoski
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Aishwarya Sivakumar
- The Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Michael Swann Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Steven Shave
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Jan Wildenhain
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Nikolaj Zuleger
- The Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Michael Swann Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Jeremy T. Keys
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jayne Culley
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K
| | - Yijing Zheng
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Neil O. Carragher
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K
| | - Valerie G. Brunton
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K
| | - Leena Latonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Manfred Auer
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Mike Tyers
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Eric C. Schirmer
- The Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Michael Swann Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
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6
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Ultraviolet Radiation and Chronic Inflammation-Molecules and Mechanisms Involved in Skin Carcinogenesis: A Narrative Review. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11040326. [PMID: 33917793 PMCID: PMC8068112 DOI: 10.3390/life11040326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of skin carcinogenesis is still not fully understood. Both experimental and epidemiological evidence indicate that chronic inflammation is one of the hallmarks of microenvironmental-agent-mediated skin cancers and contributes to its development. Maintaining an inflammatory microenvironment is a condition leading to tumor formation. Multiple studies focus on the molecular pathways activating tumorigenesis by inflammation and indicate several biomarkers and factors that can improve diagnostic and prognostic processes in oncology and dermatology. Reactive oxygen species produced by ultraviolet radiation, oxidizers, or metabolic processes can damage cells and initiate pro-inflammatory cascades. Considering the potential role of inflammation in cancer development and metastasis, the identification of early mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis is crucial for clinical practice and scientific research. Moreover, it could lead to the progress of advanced skin cancer therapies. We focus on a comprehensive analysis of available evidence and on understanding how chronic inflammation and ultraviolet radiation can result in skin carcinogenesis. We present the inflammatory environment as complex molecular networks triggering tumorigenesis and constituting therapeutic targets.
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7
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Lin Y, Huang J, Gao T, Wu Y, Huang D, Yan F, Weng Z. Preliminary Study on Hepatoprotective Effect and Mechanism of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate against Acetaminophen-induced Liver Injury in Rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:46-56. [PMID: 34903968 PMCID: PMC8653645 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.112727.13918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Antipyretic acetaminophen (APAP) is a commonly used drug that generally associates with liver injury. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), an active polyphenol extracted from green tea, is extensively reported to have the potential to impact a variety of human diseases. However, few studies were reported regarding the protective effect of EGCG on APAP-induced liver injury and the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, in-vitro and in-vivo experiments were carried out to verify the hepatoprotective effect of EGCG against APAP-induced liver injury and explore the potential mechanism. Results indicated that EGCG effectively relieved the liver injury caused by APAP, as well as APAP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. The protective role of EGCG was not only attributed to its antioxidant capacity; but also might be related to the protective effect on hepatic mitochondrial impairment; based on that, EGCG could improve the membrane potential and activities of the respiratory chain complexes in liver mitochondria. Our study casts a new light on the mechanism of EGCG's hepatoprotective effect and suggests that EGCG has considerable potential in developing tonics for relieving APAP-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxu Lin
- Department of Basic Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350116, China. ,These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Juan Huang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Tingfang Gao
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Yuanzi Wu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Da Huang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Fen Yan
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.,Corresponding authors:E-mail: ;
| | - Zuquan Weng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.,Corresponding authors:E-mail: ;
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8
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Quiñones OG, Pierre MBR. Cutaneous Application of Celecoxib for Inflammatory and Cancer Diseases. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 19:5-16. [PMID: 29714143 DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666180430125201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and particularly selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors such as celecoxib (Cxb) are considered promising cancer chemopreventive for colon, breast, prostate, lung, and skin cancers. However, the clinical application to the prevention is limited by concerns about safety, potential to serious toxicity (mainly for healthy individuals), efficacy and optimal treatment regimen. Cxb exhibits advantages as potent antiinflammatory and gastrointestinal tolerance compared with conventional NSAID's. Recent researches suggest that dermatological formulations of Cxb are more suitable than oral administration in the treatment of cutaneous disease, including skin cancer. To date, optimism has been growing regarding the exploration of the topical application of Cxb (in the prevention of skin cancers and treatment of cutaneous inflammation) or transdermal route reducing risks of systemic side effects. OBJECTIVE This paper briefly summarizes our current knowledge of the development of the cutaneous formulations or delivery systems for Cxb as anti-inflammatory drug (for topical or transdermal application) as well its chemopreventive properties focused on skin cancer. CONCLUSION New perspectives emerge from the growing knowledge, bringing innovative techniques combining the action of Cxb with other substances or agents which act in a different way, but complementary, increasing the efficacy and minimizing toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliesia Gonzalez Quiñones
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21.941.902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernadete Riemma Pierre
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21.941.902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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9
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Belitskiy GA, Kirsanov KI, Lesovaya EA, Yakubovskaya MG. Drug-Related Carcinogenesis: Risk Factors and Approaches for Its Prevention. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:S79-S107. [PMID: 32087055 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920140059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The review summarizes the data on the role of metabolic and repair systems in the mechanisms of therapy-related carcinogenesis and the effect of their polymorphism on the cancer development risk. The carcinogenic activity of different types of drugs, from the anticancer agents to analgesics, antipyretics, immunomodulators, hormones, natural remedies, and non-cancer drugs, is described. Possible approaches for the prevention of drug-related cancer induction at the initiation and promotion stages are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Belitskiy
- Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - K I Kirsanov
- Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, 115478, Russia. .,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - E A Lesovaya
- Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, 115478, Russia.,Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, 390026, Russia
| | - M G Yakubovskaya
- Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, 115478, Russia
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10
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Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Skin Cancers: A Review. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2019; 2019:3851576. [PMID: 31934531 PMCID: PMC6942705 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3851576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in physiologic processes such as embryogenesis and wound healing. A similar mechanism occurs in some tumors where cells leave the epithelial layer and gain mesenchymal particularities in order to easily migrate to other tissues. This process can explain the invasiveness and aggressiveness of these tumors which metastasize, by losing the epithelial phenotype (loss of E-cadherin, desmoplakin, and laminin-1) and acquiring mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin). Complex changes and interactions happen between the tumor cells and the microenvironment involving different pathways, transcription factors, altered expression of adhesion molecules, reorganization of cytoskeletal proteins, production of ECM-degrading enzymes, and changes in specific microRNAs. The purpose of this review is to determine particularities of the EMT process in the most common malignant cutaneous tumors (squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and melanoma) which still have an increasingly high incidence. More studies are required on this topic in order to establish clear correlations. High costs related to skin cancer therapies in general as well as high impact on patients' quality of life demand finding new, reliable prognostic and therapeutic markers with significant public health impact.
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11
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Bidram E, Esmaeili Y, Ranji-Burachaloo H, Al-Zaubai N, Zarrabi A, Stewart A, Dunstan DE. A concise review on cancer treatment methods and delivery systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Abstract
Metastasis of cells from primary site to distant organs involves a series of sequential steps, and molecules responsible for all these events are understandably considered as potential targets for metastasis management. Tea polyphenols, the secondary metabolites of the tea leaf Camellia sinensis, are increasingly being studied for their antimetastatic properties. In this article, effects of green tea polyphenols (GTP) and black tea polyphenols (BTP) on the molecules and events involved in metastasis are discussed in detail. As tea is a very popular beverage, tea polyphenols are expected to be potential chemopreventive agents that can be taken with normal diet and can be nontoxic due to their natural origin. However, individual variations in metabolic pathways, bioavailability, dose, and toxicity are some important factors that can modify the effectiveness of tea polyphenols within the human system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niladri Bag
- Department of Horticulture, Sikkim University, Gangtok, India
| | - Arundhati Bag
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok, India
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13
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Heenatigala Palliyage G, Singh S, Ashby CR, Tiwari AK, Chauhan H. Pharmaceutical Topical Delivery of Poorly Soluble Polyphenols: Potential Role in Prevention and Treatment of Melanoma. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:250. [PMID: 31297635 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is regarded as the fifth and sixth most common cancer in men and women, respectively, and it is estimated that one person dies from melanoma every hour in the USA. Unfortunately, the treatment of melanoma is difficult because of its aggressive metastasis and resistance to treatment. The treatment of melanoma continues to be a challenging issue due to the limitations of available treatments such as a low response rate, severe adverse reactions, and significant toxicity. Natural polyphenols have attracted considerable attention from the scientific community due to their chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic efficacy. It has been suggested that poorly soluble polyphenols such as curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin, coumarin, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate may have significant benefits in the treatment of melanoma due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and chemoprotective efficacies. The major obstacles for the use of polyphenolic compounds are low stability and poor bioavailability. Numerous nanoformulations, including solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, and liposomes, have been formulated to enhance the bioavailability and stability, as well as the therapeutic efficacy of polyphenols. This review will provide an overview of poorly soluble polyphenols that have been reported to have antimetastatic efficacy in melanomas.
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14
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Liu C, Li P, Qu Z, Xiong W, Liu A, Zhang S. Advances in the Antagonism of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate in the Treatment of Digestive Tract Tumors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091726. [PMID: 31058847 PMCID: PMC6539113 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to changes in the dietary structure of individuals, the incidence of digestive tract tumors has increased significantly in recent years, causing a serious threat to the life and health of patients. This has in turn led to an increase in cancer prevention research. Many studies have shown that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), an active ingredient in green tea, is in direct contact with the digestive tract upon ingestion, which allows it to elicit a significant antagonizing effect on digestive tract tumors. The main results of EGCG treatment include the prevention of tumor development in the digestive tract and the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. EGCG can be orally administered, is safe, and combats other resistances. The synergistic use of cancer drugs can promote the efficacy and reduce the anti-allergic properties of drugs, and is thus, favored in medical research. EGCG, however, currently possesses several shortcomings such as poor stability and low bioavailability, and its clinical application prospects need further development. In this paper, we have systematically summarized the research progress on the ability of EGCG to antagonize the activity and mechanism of action of digestive tract tumors, to achieve prevention, alleviation, delay, and even treat human gastrointestinal tract tumors via exogenous dietary EGCG supplementation or the development of new drugs containing EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Penghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Zhihao Qu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Wei Xiong
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Ailing Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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15
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Abstract
In the past decades, a vast amount of data accumulated on the role of lipid signaling pathways in the progression of malignant melanoma, the most metastatic/aggressive human cancer type. Genomic studies identified that PTEN loss is the leading factor behind the activation of the PI3K-signaling pathway in melanoma, mutations of which are one of the main resistance mechanisms behind target therapy failures. On the other hand, illegitimate expressions of megakaryocytic genes p12-lipoxyganse, cyclooxygenase-2, and phosphodiestherase-2/autotaxin (ATX) are mostly involved in the regulation of motility signaling in melanoma through various G-protein-coupled bioactive lipid receptors. Furthermore, endocannabinoid signaling can also be a novel paracrine survival factor in melanoma. Last but not least, prenylation inhibitors acting even on mutated small GTP-ases, such as NRAS of melanoma may offer novel therapeutic opportunities. As regards melanoma, the most effective therapy nowadays is immunotherapy, with the resistance mechanisms also possibly involving the lipid signaling activities of melanoma cells, which further supports the idea of their being therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Tímár
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, 93. Üllöi u, Budapest, 1091, Hungary. .,Molecular Oncology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - B Hegedüs
- Molecular Oncology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Throracic Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - E Rásó
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, 93. Üllöi u, Budapest, 1091, Hungary
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16
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Deng P, Hu C, Xiong Z, Li Y, Jiang J, Yang H, Tang Y, Cao L, Lu R. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate-induced vascular normalization in A549-cell xenograft-bearing nude mice: therapeutic efficacy in combination with chemotherapy. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:2425-2439. [PMID: 30988640 PMCID: PMC6441461 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s187750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Large-scale studies have revealed that appropriate antiangiogenic treatment enables the recovery of the normal structure and function of solid tumor vessels. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a natural extract of green tea, has multiple effects on angiogenesis. However, normalization of blood vessels due to natural ingredients has not yet been reported. Therefore, we examined the microvasculature, microenvironment, and efficacy of EGCG combined with chemotherapy in a xenograft model. Methods We treated A549 cell (human lung adenocarcinoma cell line) xenograft-bearing nude mice with EGCG in vivo. CD31, αSMA, and collagen IV were labeled and detected using quantum-dot double-labeled immunofluorescence to measure microvessel density, microvessel pericyte-coverage index, and collagen IV expression. Vessel-perfusion function was determined by lectin injection, permeability by Evans blue extravasation, interstitial fluid pressure using the wick-in-needle technique, and hypoxia levels using a polarographic electrode and immunohistochemical pimonidazole labeling. Cisplatin concentration in tumor tissue was detected using graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Xenograft mice were randomized into five groups: treated with saline, cisplatin, EGCG, EGCG + cisplatin on day 1, or EGCG + cisplatin during the vascular normalization window. Tumor-growth delay and tumor-suppression rate were measured to evaluate tumor growth. Results EGCG treatment in vivo caused temporary changes, including transient depression of microvessel density, microvessel pericyte-coverage index, and collagen IV expression, transient elevation of vessel perfusion and permeability, and decreased interstitial fluid pressure and hypoxia. During vascular normalization, pretreatment with EGCG increased cisplatin concentration in tumor tissue compared with treatment with cisplatin only. Tumor-growth delay after treatment in the five groups during the vascular normalization window was 6.3±1.51, 7.5±1.57, 8.3±1.79, 12.1±1.35, and 15.4±1.99 days, indicating synergistic EGCG–cisplatin effects, especially during the vascular normalization window (P<0.01). Conclusion EGCG-induced vascular normalization in human lung adenocarcinoma may be a novel modality for enhancing chemotherapy effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China,
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China,
| | - Zeng Xiong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China,
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China,
| | - Juan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China,
| | - Huaping Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China,
| | - Yongjun Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China,
| | - Liming Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China,
| | - Rongli Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China,
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Ferrante C, Recinella L, Ronci M, Menghini L, Brunetti L, Chiavaroli A, Leone S, Di Iorio L, Carradori S, Tirillini B, Angelini P, Covino S, Venanzoni R, Orlando G. Multiple pharmacognostic characterization on hemp commercial cultivars: Focus on inflorescence water extract activity. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 125:452-461. [PMID: 30711720 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the most promising economic perspectives of hemp production chain is female inflorescence valorization, despite there being actually no chemical composition or biological data from water fraction. In this context, the focus of this study is the evaluation of protective effects related to hemp water flower extracts from four commercial cultivars (Futura 75, Kc virtus, Carmagnola Cs and Villanova). We evaluated the phytochemical profile through validated spectrophotometric and HPLC methods. Then, we studied the biological activity on C2C12 and HCT116 cell lines, and in an ex vivo experimental model of ulcerative colitis, constituted by isolated LPS-stimulated colon. Particularly, we assayed the blunting effects induced by hemp water extract treatment on LPS-induced levels of nitrites, malondialdehyde (MDA), prostaglandin (PG)E2 and serotonin (5-HT). All tested cultivars displayed similar total phenolic and flavonoid profile. However, Futura 75 water extract displayed a better antioxidant and anti-inflammatory profile. Considering this, Futura 75 extract activity has been subsequently assayed on bacterial and fungal species involved in ulcerative colitis, finding a significant inhibition on C. albicans and selected Gram positive and negative bacterial strains. Concluding, our results support the potential efficacy of hemp inflorescence water extracts in managing the clinical symptoms related to ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy.
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Iorio
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Bruno Tirillini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Italy
| | - Paola Angelini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Covino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Venanzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
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18
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Retraction: Green Tea Catechins Reduce Invasive Potential of Human Melanoma Cells by Targeting COX-2, PGE2 Receptors and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. PLoS One 2019; 13:e0210345. [PMID: 30596805 PMCID: PMC6312373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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19
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Genistein reduces proliferation of EP3-expressing melanoma cells through inhibition of PGE2-induced IL-8 expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 62:86-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Desai SJ, Prickril B, Rasooly A. Mechanisms of Phytonutrient Modulation of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and Inflammation Related to Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:350-375. [PMID: 29578814 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1446091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The link between chronic inflammation and cancer involves cytokines and mediators of inflammatory pathways. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme in fatty acid metabolism, is upregulated during both inflammation and cancer. COX-2 is induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines at the site of inflammation and enhanced COX-2-induced synthesis of prostaglandins stimulates cancer cell proliferation, promotes angiogenesis, inhibits apoptosis, and increases metastatic potential. As a result, COX-2 inhibitors are a subject of intense research interest toward potential clinical applications. Epidemiological studies highlight the potential benefits of diets rich in phytonutrients for cancer prevention. Plants contain numerous phytonutrient secondary metabolites shown to modulate COX-2. Studies have shown that these metabolites, some of which are used in traditional medicine, can reduce inflammation and carcinogenesis. This review describes the molecular mechanisms by which phytonutrients modulate inflammation, including studies of carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and fatty acids targeting various inflammation-related molecules and pathways associated with cancer. Examples of pathways include those of COX-2, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and transcription factors like nuclear factor kappa B. Such phytonutrient modulation of COX-2 and inflammation continue to be explored for applications in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreena J Desai
- a Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine , National Cancer Institute , Rockville , Maryland , USA
| | - Ben Prickril
- a Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine , National Cancer Institute , Rockville , Maryland , USA
| | - Avraham Rasooly
- a Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine , National Cancer Institute , Rockville , Maryland , USA
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21
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Filippi A, Picot T, Aanei CM, Nagy P, Szöllősi J, Campos L, Ganea C, Mocanu MM. Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate alleviates the malignant phenotype in A-431 epidermoid and SK-BR-3 breast cancer cell lines. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 69:584-597. [PMID: 29157036 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1401980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effects of epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) in two cancer cell lines, A-431 overexpressing ErbB1 and SK-BR-3, overexpressing ErbB2. EGCG treatment showed dose-dependent collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, changes in nuclear morphology and reduced viability. Flow cytometry data indicated that EGCG partially decreases the phosphorylation of several proteins involved in cell proliferation and survival: pErbB1(Y1173, Y1068), pAkt(S473) and pERK(Y204). EGCG affected the clonogenic growth in both cell lines with an EC50 of 2.5 and 5.4 µM for A-431 and SK-BR-3, respectively. Wound scratch assay demonstrated that EGCG inhibited the healing in dose-dependent manner and the effect was correlated with partial reduction in phosphorylation of pFAK(S910). Our data suggest that EGCG administration might reduce the unfavourable traits, particularly associated with ErbB1/EGFR overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Filippi
- a Department of Biophysics , "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Tiphanie Picot
- b Department of Haematology , University Hospital of Saint-Etienne , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - Carmen Mariana Aanei
- b Department of Haematology , University Hospital of Saint-Etienne , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - Péter Nagy
- c Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - János Szöllősi
- c Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary.,d MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signalling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Lydia Campos
- b Department of Haematology , University Hospital of Saint-Etienne , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - Constanţa Ganea
- a Department of Biophysics , "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Maria-Magdalena Mocanu
- a Department of Biophysics , "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Bucharest , Romania
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22
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Carvalho VFM, Migotto A, Giacone DV, de Lemos DP, Zanoni TB, Maria-Engler SS, Costa-Lotufo LV, Lopes LB. Co-encapsulation of paclitaxel and C6 ceramide in tributyrin-containing nanocarriers improve co-localization in the skin and potentiate cytotoxic effects in 2D and 3D models. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 109:131-143. [PMID: 28735040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Considering that tumor development is generally multifactorial, therapy with a combination of agents capable of potentiating cytotoxic effects is promising. In this study, we co-encapsulated C6 ceramide (0.35%) and paclitaxel (0.50%) in micro and nanoemulsions containing tributyrin (a butyric acid pro-drug included for potentiation of cytotoxicity), and compared their ability to co-localize the drugs in viable skin layers. The nanoemulsion delivered 2- and 2.4-fold more paclitaxel into viable skin layers of porcine skin in vitro at 4 and 8h post-application than the microemulsion, and 1.9-fold more C6 ceramide at 8h. The drugs were co-localized mainly in the epidermis, suggesting the nanoemulsion ability for a targeted delivery. Based on this result, the nanoemulsion was selected for evaluation of the nanocarrier-mediated cytotoxicity against cells in culture (2D model) and histological changes in a 3D melanoma model. Encapsulation of the drugs individually decreased the concentration necessary to reduce melanoma cells viability to 50% (EC50) by approximately 4- (paclitaxel) and 13-fold (ceramide), demonstrating an improved nanoemulsion-mediated drug delivery. Co-encapsulation of paclitaxel and ceramide further decreased EC50 by 2.5-4.5-fold, and calculation of the combination index indicated a synergistic effect. Nanoemulsion topical administration on 3D bioengineered melanoma models for 48h promoted marked epidermis destruction, with only few cells remaining in this layer. This result demonstrates the efficacy of the nanoemulsion, but also suggests non-selective cytotoxic effects, which highlights the importance of localizing the drugs within cutaneous layers where the lesions develop to avoid adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Migotto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thalita B Zanoni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luciana B Lopes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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23
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A catechin nanoformulation inhibits WM266 melanoma cell proliferation, migration and associated neo-angiogenesis. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 114:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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24
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Diet phytochemicals and cutaneous carcinoma chemoprevention: A review. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:327-346. [PMID: 28242334 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous carcinoma, which has occupied a peculiar place among worldwide populations, is commonly responsible for the considerably increasing morbidity and mortality rates. Currently available medical procedures fail to completely avoid cutaneous carcinoma development or to prevent mortality. Cancer chemoprevention, as an alternative strategy, is being considered to reduce the incidence and burden of cancers through chemical agents. Derived from dietary foods, phytochemicals have become safe and reliable compounds for the chemoprevention of cutaneous carcinoma by relieving multiple pathological processes, including oxidative damage, epigenetic alteration, chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, etc. In this review, we presented comprehensive knowledges, main molecular mechanisms for the initiation and development of cutaneous carcinoma as well as effects of various diet phytochemicals on chemoprevention.
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25
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Green Tea Polyphenol Induces Changes in Cancer-Related Factors in an Animal Model of Bladder Cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171091. [PMID: 28141864 PMCID: PMC5283747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea polyphenol (GTP) suppresses carcinogenesis and aggressiveness in many types of malignancies including bladder cancer. However, the mechanistic basis of these effects is not well understood. This was investigated in the present study using a mouse model of chemically induced bladder cancer. C3H/He mice (8 weeks old; n = 46) were treated with 0.05% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) solution for 14-24 weeks. Mice in the BBN + GTP group (n = 47) were also treated with 0.5% GTP solution over the same period. Tumor cell proliferation and microvessel density were evaluated along with immunohistochemical analysis of human antigen (Hu)R, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and hemeoxygenase (HO)-1 expression. Cytoplasmic HuR expression in cancer cells was higher at 14 and 24 weeks in the BBN than in the control group and was associated with increased invasion of tumor cells in muscle. However, these effects were not observed in the BBN + GTP group. A multivariate analysis of GTP intake and cytoplasmic HuR expression revealed that GTP was independently associated with COX-2 and HO-1 expression, while cytoplasmic HuR expression was associated with COX-2 and VEGF-A levels. Expression of COX-2 and HO-1 was associated with cell proliferation and that of VEGF-A and HO-1 was associated with angiogenesis. Nuclear HuR expression was not associated with any parameters such as carcinogenesis, muscle invasion, and GTP intake. These results indicate that GTP intake can suppress tumor progression and malignant behavior in an animal model of bladder cancer. We also speculate that GTP directly and indirectly suppresses tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis via HuR-related pathways in bladder cancer.
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26
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Potential therapeutic targets of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in melanoma. Cancer Lett 2017; 391:125-140. [PMID: 28131904 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a cutaneous neoplastic growth of melanocytes with great potential to invade and metastasize, especially when not treated early and effectively. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the process by which melanocytes lose their epithelial characteristics and acquire mesenchymal phenotypes. Mesenchymal protein expression increases the motility, invasiveness, and metastatic potential of melanoma. Many pathways play a role in promotion of mesenchymal protein expression including RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin, and several others. Downstream effectors of these pathways induce expression of EMT transcription factors including Snail, Slug, Twist, and Zeb that promote repression of epithelial and induction of mesenchymal character. Emerging research has demonstrated that a variety of small molecule inhibitors as well as phytochemicals can influence the progression of EMT and may even reverse the process, inducing re-expression of epithelial markers. Phytochemicals are of particular interest as supplementary treatment options because of their relatively low toxicities and anti-EMT properties. Modulation of EMT signaling pathways using synthetic small molecules and phytochemicals is a potential therapeutic strategy for reducing the aggressive progression of metastatic melanoma. In this review, we discuss the emerging pathways and transcription factor targets that regulate EMT and evaluate potential synthetic small molecules and naturally occurring compounds that may reduce metastatic melanoma progression.
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27
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Castellano-González G, Pichaud N, Ballard JWO, Bessede A, Marcal H, Guillemin GJ. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces oxidative phosphorylation by activating cytochrome c oxidase in human cultured neurons and astrocytes. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7426-40. [PMID: 26760769 PMCID: PMC4884929 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and resulting energy impairment have been identified as features of many neurodegenerative diseases. Whether this energy impairment is the cause of the disease or the consequence of preceding impairment(s) is still under discussion, however a recovery of cellular bioenergetics would plausibly prevent or improve the pathology. In this study, we screened different natural molecules for their ability to increase intracellular adenine triphosphate purine (ATP). Among them, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol from green tea, presented the most striking results. We found that it increases ATP production in both human cultured astrocytes and neurons with different kinetic parameters and without toxicity. Specifically, we showed that oxidative phosphorylation in human cultured astrocytes and neurons increased at the level of the routine respiration on the cells pre-treated with the natural molecule. Furthermore, EGCG-induced ATP production was only blocked by sodium azide (NaN3) and oligomycin, inhibitors of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO; complex IV) and ATP synthase (complex V) respectively. These findings suggest that the EGCG modulates CcO activity, as confirmed by its enzymatic activity. CcO is known to be regulated differently in neurons and astrocytes. Accordingly, EGCG treatment is acting differently on the kinetic parameters of the two cell types. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that EGCG promotes CcO activity in human cultured neurons and astrocytes. Considering that CcO dysfunction has been reported in patients having neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), we therefore suggest that EGCG could restore mitochondrial function and prevent subsequent loss of synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Castellano-González
- MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Australian School of Advanced Medicine (ASAM), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicolas Pichaud
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - J William O Ballard
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Helder Marcal
- Topical Therapeutics Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Australian School of Advanced Medicine (ASAM), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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28
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Katiyar SK. Emerging Phytochemicals for the Prevention and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer. Molecules 2016; 21:E1610. [PMID: 27886147 PMCID: PMC6273026 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the development of more advanced medical therapies, cancer management remains a problem. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a particularly challenging malignancy and requires more effective treatment strategies and a reduction in the debilitating morbidities associated with the therapies. Phytochemicals have long been used in ancient systems of medicine, and non-toxic phytochemicals are being considered as new options for the effective management of cancer. Here, we discuss the growth inhibitory and anti-cell migratory actions of proanthocyanidins from grape seeds (GSPs), polyphenols in green tea and honokiol, derived from the Magnolia species. Studies of these phytochemicals using human HNSCC cell lines from different sub-sites have demonstrated significant protective effects against HNSCC in both in vitro and in vivo models. Treatment of human HNSCC cell lines with GSPs, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenolic component of green tea or honokiol reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis. These effects have been associated with inhibitory effects of the phytochemicals on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and cell cycle regulatory proteins, as well as other major tumor-associated pathways. Similarly, the cell migration capacity of HNSCC cell lines was inhibited. Thus, GSPs, honokiol and EGCG appear to be promising bioactive phytochemicals for the management of head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Katiyar
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35216, USA.
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35216, USA.
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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29
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Yarla NS, Bishayee A, Sethi G, Reddanna P, Kalle AM, Dhananjaya BL, Dowluru KSVGK, Chintala R, Duddukuri GR. Targeting arachidonic acid pathway by natural products for cancer prevention and therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:48-81. [PMID: 26853158 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) pathway, a metabolic process, plays a key role in carcinogenesis. Hence, AA pathway metabolic enzymes phospholipase A2s (PLA2s), cyclooxygenases (COXs) and lipoxygenases (LOXs) and their metabolic products, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, have been considered novel preventive and therapeutic targets in cancer. Bioactive natural products are a good source for development of novel cancer preventive and therapeutic drugs, which have been widely used in clinical practice due to their safety profiles. AA pathway inhibitory natural products have been developed as chemopreventive and therapeutic agents against several cancers. Curcumin, resveratrol, apigenin, anthocyans, berberine, ellagic acid, eugenol, fisetin, ursolic acid, [6]-gingerol, guggulsteone, lycopene and genistein are well known cancer chemopreventive agents which act by targeting multiple pathways, including COX-2. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid and baicalein can be chemopreventive molecules against various cancers by inhibiting LOXs. Several PLA2s inhibitory natural products have been identified with chemopreventive and therapeutic potentials against various cancers. In this review, we critically discuss the possible utility of natural products as preventive and therapeutic agents against various oncologic diseases, including prostate, pancreatic, lung, skin, gastric, oral, blood, head and neck, colorectal, liver, cervical and breast cancers, by targeting AA pathway. Further, the current status of clinical studies evaluating AA pathway inhibitory natural products in cancer is reviewed. In addition, various emerging issues, including bioavailability, toxicity and explorability of combination therapy, for the development of AA pathway inhibitory natural products as chemopreventive and therapeutic agents against human malignancy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra Sastry Yarla
- Department of Biochemisty/Bionformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Adhra Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin Health Sciences Institute, 18301 N. Miami Avenue, Miami, FL 33169, USA.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Pallu Reddanna
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telagana, India
| | - Arunasree M Kalle
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telagana, India; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Human Environmental Epigenomes, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Bhadrapura Lakkappa Dhananjaya
- Toxinology/Toxicology and Drug Discovery Unit, Center for Emerging Technologies, Jain Global Campus, Jain University, Kanakapura Taluk, Ramanagara 562 112, Karnataka, India
| | - Kaladhar S V G K Dowluru
- Department of Biochemisty/Bionformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Adhra Pradesh, India; Department of Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Bilaspur University, Bilaspur 495 001, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ramakrishna Chintala
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Adhra Pradesh, India
| | - Govinda Rao Duddukuri
- Department of Biochemisty/Bionformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Adhra Pradesh, India.
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30
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Lin CM, Lin YL, Ho SY, Chen PR, Tsai YH, Chung CH, Hwang CH, Tsai NM, Tzou SC, Ke CY, Chang J, Chan YL, Wang YS, Chi KH, Liao KW. The inhibitory effect of 7,7″-dimethoxyagastisflavone on the metastasis of melanoma cells via the suppression of F-actin polymerization. Oncotarget 2016; 8:60046-60059. [PMID: 28947953 PMCID: PMC5601121 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
7,7″-Dimethoxyagastisflavone (DMGF), a biflavonoid isolated from Taxus × media cv. Hicksii, induces apoptotic and autophagic cell death. However, whether DMGF suppresses tumor metastasis is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-metastatic activities of DMGF on the metastatic processes of melanoma cells in vivo and in vitro. A transwell assay showed that DMGF could effectively attenuate the motility of B16F10 cells, and the results of real-time PCR revealed that DMGF also suppressed the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Moreover, DMGF did not influence tube formation but inhibited the migration of endothelial cells. Furthermore, animal models were used to monitor the effects of DMGF on tumor metastasis, and all models showed that DMGF significantly suppressed the metastatic behaviors of B16F10 cells, including intravasation, colonization, and invasion of the lymphatic duct. In addition, DMGF could also reduce the densities of the blood vessels in the tumor area in vivo. Further investigation of the molecular mechanisms of anti-metastatic activity revealed that DMGF can down-regulate the levels of key modulators of the Cdc42/Rac1 pathway to interfere in F-actin polymerization and suppress the formation of lamellipodia by reducing the phosphorylation of CREB. These data suggested that DMGF presents anti-metastatic activities in B16F10 melanoma cells. Here, we demonstrated that DMGF can inhibit the metastasis of highly invasive melanoma cancer cells through the down-regulation of F-actin polymerization. Considering these findings, DMGF may be further developed to serve as a chemoprevention drug for patients with metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Min Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Lin
- Center for Bioinformatics Research, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Ho
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Rong Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Tsai
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Han Chung
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Nu-Man Tsai
- Department of Medical and Laboratory Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Ke
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jung Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chan
- Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Wang
- Department of Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kwan-Hwa Chi
- Department of Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Wen Liao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Graduate Institut of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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31
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Huang C, Wei YX, Shen MC, Tu YH, Wang CC, Huang HC. Chrysin, Abundant in Morinda citrifolia Fruit Water-EtOAc Extracts, Combined with Apigenin Synergistically Induced Apoptosis and Inhibited Migration in Human Breast and Liver Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:4235-45. [PMID: 27137679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The composition of Morinda citrifolia (M. citrifolia) was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the anticancer effects of M. citrifolia extract evaluated in HepG2, Huh7, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. M. citrifolia fruit extracts were obtained by using five different organic solvents, including hexane (Hex), methanol (MeOH), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), chloroform (CHCl3), and ethanol (EtOH). The water-EtOAc extracts from M. citrifolia fruits was found to have the highest anticancer activity. HPLC data revealed the predominance of chrysin in water-EtOAc extracts of M. citrifolia fruit. Furthermore, the combined effects of cotreatment with apigenin and chrysin on liver and breast cancer were investigated. Treatment with apigenin plus chrysin for 72-96 h reduced HepG2 and MDA-MB-231 cell viability and induced apoptosis through down-regulation of S-phase kinase-associated protein-2 (Skp2) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) expression. However, the combination treatment for 36 h synergistically decreased MDA-MB-231 cell motility but not cell viability through down-regulation of MMP2, MMP9, fibronectin, and snail in MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, chrysin combined with apigenin also suppressed tumor growth in human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells xenograft through down-regulation of ki-67 and Skp2 protein. The experimental results showed that chrysin combined with apigenin can reduce HepG2 and MDA-MB-231 proliferation and cell motility and induce apoptosis. It also offers opportunities for exploring new drug targets, and further investigations are underway in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Huang
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine , Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Xuan Wei
- Department of Applied Science, National Hsinchu University of Education , Hsinchu 30014, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ma-Ching Shen
- Department of Applied Science, National Hsinchu University of Education , Hsinchu 30014, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Hsuan Tu
- Department of Applied Science, National Hsinchu University of Education , Hsinchu 30014, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Chi Wang
- Department of Applied Science, National Hsinchu University of Education , Hsinchu 30014, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiu-Chen Huang
- Department of Applied Science, National Hsinchu University of Education , Hsinchu 30014, Taiwan, ROC
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32
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Chen CM, Wu CT, Yang TH, Chang YA, Sheu ML, Liu SH. Green Tea Catechin Prevents Hypoxia/Reperfusion-Evoked Oxidative Stress-Regulated Autophagy-Activated Apoptosis and Cell Death in Microglial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:4078-4085. [PMID: 27144449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Defective activation and proliferation in microglial cells has been suggested to be associated with the increase of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. We investigated the protection and molecular mechanism of green tea catechin on hypoxia/reperfusion-induced microglial cell injury in vitro. Microglial cells were cultured in hypoxia condition (O2 < 1%) and then re-incubated to the complete normal culture medium (reperfusion). Hypoxia/reperfusion obviously decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis in microglial cells, but not in neuronal cells. Catechin significantly inhibited the hypoxia/reperfusion-induced decreased cell viability and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in microglia. The administration of both PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 and mTOR inhibitor rapamycin demonstrated that Akt/mTOR-regulated autophagy was involved in the hypoxia/reperfusion-induced microglia apoptosis/death. Catechin up-regulated the Akt and mTOR phosphorylation and inhibited the hypoxia/reperfusion-induced autophagy in microglia. These results suggest that hypoxia/reperfusion can evoke autophagy-activated microglia apoptosis/death via an ROS-regulated Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, which can be reversed by catechin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Mu Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of Medicine , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tien Wu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hua Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-An Chang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meei-Ling Sheu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shing Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University , Taichung, Taiwan
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33
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Kim SH, Hashimoto Y, Cho SN, Roszik J, Milton DR, Dal F, Kim SF, Menter DG, Yang P, Ekmekcioglu S, Grimm EA. Microsomal PGE2 synthase-1 regulates melanoma cell survival and associates with melanoma disease progression. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2016; 29:297-308. [PMID: 26801201 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
COX-2 and its product PGE2 enhance carcinogenesis and tumor progression, which has been previously reported in melanoma. As most COX inhibitors cause much toxicity, the downstream microsomal PGE2 synthase-1 (mPGES1) is a consideration for targeting. Human melanoma TMAs were employed for testing mPGES1 protein staining intensity and percentage levels, and both increased with clinical stage; employing a different Stage III TMA, mPGES1 intensity (not percentage) associated with reduced patient survival. Our results further show that iNOS was also highly expressed in melanoma tissues with high mPGES1 levels, and iNOS-mediated NO promoted mPGES1 expression and PGE2 production. An mPGES1-specific inhibitor (CAY10526) as well as siRNA attenuated cell survival and increased apoptosis. CAY10526 significantly suppressed tumor growth and increased apoptosis in melanoma xenografts. Our findings support the value of a prognostic and predictive role for mPGES1, and suggest targeting this molecule in the PGE2 pathway as another avenue toward improving melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hee Kim
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuuri Hashimoto
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sung-Nam Cho
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology and Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Denái R Milton
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fulya Dal
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sangwon F Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perlman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peiying Yang
- Department of General Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suhendan Ekmekcioglu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Grimm
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Pal HC, Hunt KM, Diamond A, Elmets CA, Afaq F. Phytochemicals for the Management of Melanoma. Mini Rev Med Chem 2016; 16:953-79. [PMID: 26864554 PMCID: PMC4980238 DOI: 10.2174/1389557516666160211120157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma claims approximately 80% of skin cancer-related deaths. Its life-threatening nature is primarily due to a propensity to metastasize. The prognosis for melanoma patients with distal metastasis is bleak, with median survival of six months even with the latest available treatments. The most commonly mutated oncogenes in melanoma are BRAF and NRAS accounting approximately 60% and 20% of cases, respectively. In malignant melanoma, accumulating evidence suggests that multiple signaling pathways are constitutively activated and play an important role in cell proliferation, cell survival, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, metastasis and resistance to therapeutic regimens. Phytochemicals are gaining considerable attention because of their low toxicity, low cost, and public acceptance as dietary supplements. Cell culture and animals studies have elucidated several cellular and molecular mechanisms by which phytochemicals act in the prevention and treatment of metastatic melanoma. Several promising phytochemicals, such as, fisetin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, resveratrol, curcumin, proanthocyanidins, silymarin, apigenin, capsaicin, genistein, indole-3-carbinol, and luteolin are gaining considerable attention and found in a variety of fresh fruits, vegetables, roots, and herbs. In this review, we will discuss the preventive potential, therapeutic effects, bioavailability and structure activity relationship of these selected phytochemicals for the management of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Farrukh Afaq
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall, Room 501, 1670 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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35
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AlQathama A, Prieto JM. Natural products with therapeutic potential in melanoma metastasis. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:1170-82. [PMID: 26018751 DOI: 10.1039/c4np00130c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and accounts for about 3% of all cases of malignant tumour. Its incidence is increasing worldwide and it is becoming resistant to current therapeutic agents. Natural products continue to provide lead cytotoxic compounds for cancer treatment but less attention has been given to antimigratory compounds. This paper systematically and critically surveys all natural products with direct in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects on migration and/or metastasis of melanoma cells and maps the mechanisms of action for these underexploited properties. As a result, over 30 natural active principles are described acting mainly through their antagonistic effects upon the TNF-α and EP2 receptors or the suppression of several protein kinases involved in metastatic pathways such as RAS, PI3K, ERK and FAK. Also, some were able to reduce the level of mesenchymal biomarkers such as N-cadherin and/or elevate the expression of other molecules such as E-cadherin. Consequently, downstream transcription factors namely NF-kB, AP-1, ATF-2, CREB, and HIF were inactivated leading to diminished production of MMPs, IL-1, IL-6, COX-2, VEGF and GM-CSF. This review also discusses the opportunity of combination therapies based on natural products and approved drugs, such as the combination of EGCG and dacarbazine, or the combination of two natural compounds such as quercetin and sulforaphane.
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Affiliation(s)
- A AlQathama
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, WC1N 1AX London, UK.
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36
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Vaid M, Singh T, Prasad R, Kappes JC, Katiyar SK. Therapeutic intervention of proanthocyanidins on the migration capacity of melanoma cells is mediated through PGE2 receptors and β-catenin signaling molecules. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:3325-3338. [PMID: 26807314 PMCID: PMC4697680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive form of skin cancer and a leading cause of death from skin diseases mainly due to its propensity to metastasis. Due to metastatic tendency, melanoma is often associated with activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling mechanism. Blocking β-catenin activation may be a good strategy to block melanoma-associated mortality. We have shown earlier that grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) inhibit melanoma cell migration via targeting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) overexpression. Here we explored further whether inhibition of inflammatory mediators-mediated activation of β-catenin by GSPs is associated with the inhibition of melanoma cell migration. Our study revealed that PGE2 receptors (EP2 and EP4) agonists promote melanoma cell migration while PGE2 receptor antagonist suppressed the migration capacity of melanoma cells. GSPs treatment inhibit butaprost (EP2 agonist) or Cay10580 (EP4 agonist) induced migration of melanoma cells. Western blot analysis revealed that GSPs reduced cellular accumulation of β-catenin, and decreased the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and MITF, downstream targets of β-catenin in melanoma cells. GSPs also reduced the protein expressions of PI3K and p-Akt in the same set of experiment. To verify that β-catenin is a specific molecular target of GSPs, we compared the effect of GSPs on cell migration of β-catenin-activated (Mel1241) and β-catenin-inactivated (Mel1011) melanoma cells. GSPs inhibit cell migration of Mel1241 cells but not of Mel1011 cells. Additionally, in vivo bioluminescence imaging data indicate that dietary administration of GSPs (0.5%, w/w) in supplementation with AIN76A control diet inhibited the migration/extravasation of intravenously injected melanoma cells in lungs of immune-compromised nude mice, and that this effect of GSPs was associated with an inhibitory effect on the activation of β-catenin and its downstream targets, such as MMPs, in lungs as a target organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudit Vaid
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Tripti Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical CenterBirmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical CenterBirmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - John C Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical CenterBirmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Santosh K Katiyar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical CenterBirmingham, AL 35233, USA
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Peroxiredoxin 6 triggers melanoma cell growth by increasing arachidonic acid-dependent lipid signalling. Biochem J 2015; 471:267-79. [PMID: 26285655 DOI: 10.1042/bj20141204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tumour cells are reported to display an imbalance in the levels of ROS (reactive oxygen species). Frequently, elevated ROS production goes along with compensatory up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes. Accordingly, we found in a previous study that protein levels of several peroxiredoxins, including PRDX6 (peroxiredoxin 6), are highly elevated in experimentally induced melanomas. In the present study, we investigated the functional role of PRDX6 in human melanoma cells. PRDX6 is a bifunctional enzyme, which harbours iPLA2 (Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A2) activity in addition to its peroxidase function. Our results show that PRDX6 is strongly expressed in most melanoma cells and its expression levels are maintained in a post-transcriptional manner, particularly by EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor)-dependent signalling. PRDX6 enhances cell viability mainly by enhancing proliferation, which goes along with activation of Src family kinases. Interestingly, we were able to show that the phospholipase activity of the enzyme mediates the pro-proliferative effect of PRDX6. We identified AA (arachidonic acid) as a crucial effector of PRDX6-dependent proliferation and inducer of Src family kinase activation. These results support further the biological importance of the emerging field of lipid signalling in melanoma and highlight the particular functional relevance of PRDX6-dependent phospholipase activity.
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38
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Green tea polyphenol extract in vivo attenuates inflammatory features of neutrophils from obese rats. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1261-74. [PMID: 26031433 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our study aimed to evaluate whether obesity induced by cafeteria diet changes the neutrophil effector/inflammatory function and whether treatment with green tea extract (GT) can improve neutrophil function. METHODS Male Wistar rats were treated with GT by gavage (12 weeks/5 days/week; 500 mg/kg of body weight), and obesity was induced by cafeteria diet (8 weeks). Neutrophils were obtained from the peritoneal cavity (injection of oyster glycogen). The following analyses were performed: phagocytic capacity, chemotaxis, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), superoxide anion (O 2 (·-) ), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα, mRNA levels of inflammatory genes, calcium mobilisation, activities of antioxidant enzymes, hexokinase and G6PDH. RESULTS Neutrophils from obese rats showed a significant decrease in migration capacity, H2O2 and HOCl production, MPO activity and O 2 (·-) production. Phagocytosis and CD11b mRNA levels were increased, while inflammatory cytokines release remained unmodified. mRNA levels of TLR4 and IκK were enhanced. Treatment of obese rats with GT increased neutrophil migration, MPO activity, H2O2, HOCl and O 2 (·-) production, whereas TNF-α and IL-6 were decreased (versus obese). Similar reductions in TLR4, IκK and CD11b mRNA were observed. Catalase and hexokinase were increased by obesity, while SOD and G6PDH were decreased. Treatment with GT reduced catalase and increased the GSH/GSSG ratio. CONCLUSION In response to a cafeteria diet, we found a decreased chemotaxis, H2O2 release, MPO activity and HOCl production. We also showed a significant immunomodulatory effect of GT on the obese condition recovering some of these factors such H2O2 and HOCl production, also reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines.
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Prasad R, Katiyar SK. Polyphenols from green tea inhibit the growth of melanoma cells through inhibition of class I histone deacetylases and induction of DNA damage. Genes Cancer 2015; 6:49-61. [PMID: 25821561 PMCID: PMC4362484 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the leading cause of skin cancer-related deaths. We have examined the effect of green tea polyphenols (GTPs), a natural mixture of epicatechin monomers, on melanoma cancer cell growth and the molecular mechanism underlying these effects using different human melanoma cell lines as an in vitro model. Treatment of melanoma cell lines (A375, Hs294t, SK-Mel28 and SK-Mel119) with GTPs significantly inhibited the cell viability as well as colony formation ability of melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. These effects of GTPs were associated with a significant inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, reduction in the levels of class I HDAC proteins, enhancement of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity and induction of DNA damage, as detected by Comet assay, in melanoma cells. GTPs-induced decrease in the levels of class I HDAC proteins is mediated through proteasomal degradation. Valproic acid, an inhibitor of HDACs, exhibited a similar pattern of reduced viability and induction of death of melanoma cells. Treatment of A375 and Hs294t cells with GTPs resulted in a decrease in the levels of cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases of G1 phase of cell cycle whereas upregulated the levels of tumor suppressor proteins (Cip1/WAF1/p21, p16 and p53).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Prasad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Santosh K Katiyar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA ; Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA ; Nutrition Obesity Research Center, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA ; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA ; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Li FZ, Dhillon AS, Anderson RL, McArthur G, Ferrao PT. Phenotype switching in melanoma: implications for progression and therapy. Front Oncol 2015; 5:31. [PMID: 25763355 PMCID: PMC4327420 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key process associated with the progression of epithelial cancers to metastatic disease. In melanoma, a similar process of phenotype switching has been reported and EMT-related genes have been implicated in promotion to a metastatic state. This review examines recent research on the role of signaling pathways and transcription factors regulating EMT-like processes in melanoma and their association with response to therapy in patients, especially response to BRAF inhibition, which is initially effective but limited by development of resistance and subsequent progression. We highlight studies implicating specific roles of various receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in advancing melanoma progression by conferring a proliferative advantage and through promoting invasive phenotypes and metastasis. We also review the current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying resistance to BRAF inhibition and the potential role of melanoma phenotype switching in this process. In particular, we discuss how these important new insights may significantly enhance our ability to predict patterns of melanoma progression during treatment, and may facilitate rational development of combination therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Zhentao Li
- Oncogenic Signaling and Growth Control Program, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center , East Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne , East Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Amardeep Singh Dhillon
- Oncogenic Signaling and Growth Control Program, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center , East Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne , East Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne , East Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Robin L Anderson
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne , East Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; Metastasis Research Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center , East Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Grant McArthur
- Oncogenic Signaling and Growth Control Program, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center , East Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne , East Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne , East Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne , East Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Petranel T Ferrao
- Oncogenic Signaling and Growth Control Program, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center , East Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne , East Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne , East Melbourne, VIC , Australia
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Strickland LR, Pal HC, Elmets CA, Afaq F. Targeting drivers of melanoma with synthetic small molecules and phytochemicals. Cancer Lett 2015; 359:20-35. [PMID: 25597784 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the least common form of skin cancer, but it is responsible for the majority of skin cancer deaths. Traditional therapeutics and immunomodulatory agents have not shown much efficacy against metastatic melanoma. Agents that target the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signaling pathway - the BRAF inhibitors vemurafenib and dabrafenib, and the MEK1/2 inhibitor trametinib - have increased survival in patients with metastatic melanoma. Further, the combination of dabrafenib and trametinib has been shown to be superior to single agent therapy for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. However, resistance to these agents develops rapidly. Studies of additional agents and combinations targeting the MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PI3K), c-kit, and other signaling pathways are currently underway. Furthermore, studies of phytochemicals have yielded promising results against proliferation, survival, invasion, and metastasis by targeting signaling pathways with established roles in melanomagenesis. The relatively low toxicities of phytochemicals make their adjuvant use an attractive treatment option. The need for improved efficacy of current melanoma treatments calls for further investigation of each of these strategies. In this review, we will discuss synthetic small molecule inhibitors, combined therapies and current progress in the development of phytochemical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Ray Strickland
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Harish Chandra Pal
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Craig A Elmets
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Farrukh Afaq
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Hung CH, Huang CC, Hsu LS, Kao SH, Wang CJ. Apple polyphenol inhibits colon carcinoma metastasis via disrupting Snail binding to focal adhesion kinase. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Murzaku EC, Bronsnick T, Rao BK. Diet in dermatology: Part II. Melanoma, chronic urticaria, and psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 71:1053.e1-1053.e16. [PMID: 25454037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The roles of dietary factors in aggravating, preventing, or treating skin diseases are common questions encountered in dermatology practice. Part II of this two-part series reviews dietary modifications that can potentially be utilized in the management of melanoma, chronic urticaria, and psoriasis patients. Specifically, we examine the effect of alcohol consumption and supplementation with vitamins D and E, polyunsaturated fatty acids, selenium, green tea, resveratrol, and lycopene on melanoma risk. The relationships between chronic urticaria symptoms and dietary pseudoallergens, gluten, and vitamin D are analyzed. We explore weight loss, reduced alcohol consumption, and gluten avoidance as means of reducing psoriasis-associated morbidity, as well as the possible utility of supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids, folic acid, vitamin D, and antioxidants. With proper knowledge of the role of diet in these cutaneous disease processes, dermatologists can better answer patient inquiries and consider implementation of dietary modifications as adjuncts to other treatments and preventative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Era Caterina Murzaku
- Department of Dermatology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Tara Bronsnick
- Department of Dermatology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
| | - Babar K Rao
- Department of Dermatology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Tsukamoto S, Huang Y, Umeda D, Yamada S, Yamashita S, Kumazoe M, Kim Y, Murata M, Yamada K, Tachibana H. 67-kDa laminin receptor-dependent protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activation elicits melanoma-specific antitumor activity overcoming drug resistance. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:32671-81. [PMID: 25294877 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.604983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway has been identified as a major, druggable regulator of melanoma. Mutational activation of BRAF is the most prevalent genetic alteration in human melanoma, resulting in constitutive melanoma hyperproliferation. A selective BRAF inhibitor showed remarkable clinical activity in patients with mutated BRAF. Unfortunately, most patients acquire resistance to the BRAF inhibitor, highlighting the urgent need for new melanoma treatment strategies. Green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) inhibits cell proliferation independently of BRAF inhibitor sensitivity, suggesting that increased understanding of the anti-melanoma activity of EGCG may provide a novel therapeutic target. Here, by performing functional genetic screening, we identified protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) as a critical factor in the suppression of melanoma cell proliferation. We demonstrated that tumor-overexpressed 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR) activates PP2A through adenylate cyclase/cAMP pathway eliciting inhibitions of oncoproteins and activation of tumor suppressor Merlin. Activating 67LR/PP2A pathway leading to melanoma-specific mTOR inhibition shows strong synergy with the BRAF inhibitor PLX4720 in the drug-resistant melanoma. Moreover, SET, a potent inhibitor of PP2A, is overexpressed on malignant melanoma. Silencing of SET enhances 67LR/PP2A signaling. Collectively, activation of 67LR/PP2A signaling may thus be a novel rational strategy for melanoma-specific treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Tsukamoto
- From the Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and
| | - Yuhui Huang
- From the Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and
| | - Daisuke Umeda
- From the Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- From the Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and
| | - Shuya Yamashita
- From the Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and
| | - Motofumi Kumazoe
- From the Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- From the Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and
| | - Motoki Murata
- From the Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and
| | - Koji Yamada
- From the Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and
| | - Hirofumi Tachibana
- From the Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Functional Design Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Analysis of the effect of the active compound of green tea (EGCG) on the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:322. [PMID: 25175005 PMCID: PMC4156650 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Cancer immunotherapy requires proper manipulation of the immune system, lymphocytes in particular, in order to identify and destroy the cancer cells as non-self. In this study we investigated the effect of the flavonoid present in green tea, namely epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), on the proliferation of, and IFN-γ production by, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from breast cancer patients stimulated with a mitogen, anti-CD3 and the common breast cancer peptides Her-2/neu, and p53. Methods Blood samples were collected from 25 patients with breast cancer at the Kuwait Cancer Control Centre (KCCC). The patients were newly diagnosed, and had not undergone any treatment or surgery at the time of sample collection. The control group consisted of 25 healthy women age-matched (±5 years) to the patients. PBMC were isolated from the patients and controls, and were cultured separately with the mitogen PHA, anti-CD3 antibodies, and Her-2/neu and p53 in the presence or absence of standardized doses of EGCG. The degree of proliferation and interferon-γ [IFN-γ) release were then analyzed. Results EGCG significantly suppressed the proliferation of PBMC in response to stimulation separately with (i) the mitogen, (ii) anti-CD3, and (iii) the cancer antigen peptides. IFN-γ production was also significantly suppressed by EGCG in vitro. Conclusions EGCG appears to have an immunosuppressive effect on the proliferation of PBMC, indicating that EGCG is worth exploring for immunomodulatory effects in autoimmune diseases and tissue transplantation.
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Epigallocatechingallate inhibits migration of human uveal melanoma cells via downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity and ERK1/2 pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:141582. [PMID: 25184134 PMCID: PMC4145379 DOI: 10.1155/2014/141582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The effects of epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) on the migration and expression of MMP-2 of uveal melanoma cells have not been reported. We studied this effect and relevant signaling pathways in a human uveal melanoma cell line (M17). MTT study found that EGCG did not affect the cell viability of M17 cells up to 100 µM. Wound-healing assay showed that EGCG significantly reduced the migration of melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner from 20 to 100 µM. Gelatin zymography showed that secreted MMP-2 activity was dose-dependently inhibited by EGCG, whereas the MMP-2 expression at protein and mRNA levels was not affected as determined by western blot and RT-PCR analysis. EGCG significantly increased the expressions of MMP-2 endogenous inhibitors (TIMP-2 and RECK) in M17 cells. Western blot analysis of MAPK signal pathways showed that EGCG significantly decreased phosphorylated ERK1/2 levels, but not p38 and JNK levels, in melanoma cells. ERK1/2 inhibitors also reduced the migration and activity of MMP-2 in M17 cells. The present study suggested EGCG at nontoxic levels could inhibit migration of melanoma cells via downregulation of activities of secreted MMP-2 through the inhibition of the ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Therefore, EGCG may be a promising agent to be explored for the prevention of metastasis of uveal melanoma.
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Thakur S, Sarkar B, Cholia RP, Gautam N, Dhiman M, Mantha AK. APE1/Ref-1 as an emerging therapeutic target for various human diseases: phytochemical modulation of its functions. Exp Mol Med 2014; 46:e106. [PMID: 25033834 PMCID: PMC4119211 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2014.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a multifunctional enzyme involved in the base excision repair (BER) pathway, which repairs oxidative base damage caused by endogenous and exogenous agents. APE1 acts as a reductive activator of many transcription factors (TFs) and has also been named redox effector factor 1, Ref-1. For example, APE1 activates activator protein-1, nuclear factor kappa B, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, paired box gene 8, signal transducer activator of transcription 3 and p53, which are involved in apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and survival pathways. APE1/Ref-1 maintains cellular homeostasis (redox) via the activation of TFs that regulate various physiological processes and that crosstalk with redox balancing agents (for example, thioredoxin, catalase and superoxide dismutase) by controlling levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The efficiency of APE1/Ref-1's function(s) depends on pairwise interaction with participant protein(s), the functions regulated by APE1/Ref-1 include the BER pathway, TFs, energy metabolism, cytoskeletal elements and stress-dependent responses. Thus, APE1/Ref-1 acts as a ‘hub-protein' that controls pathways that are important for cell survival. In this review, we will discuss APE1/Ref-1's versatile nature in various human etiologies, including neurodegeneration, cancer, cardiovascular and other diseases that have been linked with alterations in the expression, subcellular localization and activities of APE/Ref-1. APE1/Ref-1 can be targeted for therapeutic intervention using natural plant products that modulate the expression and functions of APE1/Ref-1. In addition, studies focusing on translational applications based on APE1/Ref-1-mediated therapeutic interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Thakur
- Center for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, India
| | - Bibekananda Sarkar
- Center for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, India
| | - Ravi P Cholia
- Center for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, India
| | - Nandini Gautam
- Center for Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, India
| | - Monisha Dhiman
- Center for Genetic Diseases and Molecular Medicine, School of Emerging Life Science Technologies, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, India
| | - Anil K Mantha
- 1] Center for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, India [2] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Fisetin inhibits human melanoma cell invasion through promotion of mesenchymal to epithelial transition and by targeting MAPK and NFκB signaling pathways. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86338. [PMID: 24466036 PMCID: PMC3900533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is responsible for approximately 75% of skin cancer-related deaths. BRAF plays an important role in regulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade in melanoma with activating mutations in the serine/threonine kinase BRAF occurring in 60-70% of malignant melanomas. The BRAF-MEK-ERK (MAPK) pathway is a key regulator of melanoma cell invasion. In addition, activation of NFκB via the MAPK pathway is regulated through MEK-induced activation of IKK. These pathways are potential targets for prevention and treatment of melanoma. In this study, we investigated the effect of fisetin, a phytochemical present in fruits and vegetables, on melanoma cell invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and delineated the underlying molecular mechanism. Treatment of multiple human malignant melanoma cell lines with fisetin (5-20 µM) resulted in inhibition of cell invasion. BRAF mutated melanoma cells were more sensitive to fisetin treatment, and this was associated with a decrease in the phosphorylation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2. In addition, fisetin inhibited the activation of IKK leading to a reduction in the activation of the NFκB signaling pathway. Treatment of cells with an inhibitor of MEK1/2 (PD98059) or of NFκB (caffeic acid phenethyl ester) also reduced melanoma cell invasion. Furthermore, treatment of fisetin promoted mesenchymal to epithelial transition in melanoma cells, which was associated with a decrease in mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin, vimentin, snail and fibronectin) and an increase in epithelial markers (E-cadherin and desmoglein). Employing three dimensional skin equivalents consisting of A375 cells admixed with normal human keratinocytes embedded onto a collagen-constricted fibroblast matrix, we found that treatment of fisetin reduced the invasive potential of melanoma cells into the dermis and increased the expression of E-cadherin with a concomitant decrease in vimentin. These results indicate that fisetin inhibits melanoma cell invasion through promotion of mesenchymal to epithelial transition and by targeting MAPK and NFκB signaling pathways.
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Maru GB, Gandhi K, Ramchandani A, Kumar G. The Role of Inflammation in Skin Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 816:437-69. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0837-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Barbosa NS, Kalaaji AN. CAM use in dermatology. Is there a potential role for honey, green tea, and vitamin C? Complement Ther Clin Pract 2013; 20:11-5. [PMID: 24439638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a group of non-traditional medical practices that includes natural products, manipulations, and mind and body medicine. CAM use has grown and become popular among patients. In dermatology, honey, green tea, and vitamin C have been used as topical treatments for a variety of diseases. We performed a systematic review to explore the cutaneous effects of each of these three products. Honey's unique antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties were shown to contribute to wound healing, especially in ulcers and burns. Green tea, among many health benefits, demonstrated protection from ultraviolet-induced events, such as photoimmunosuppression and skin cancer growth. Vitamin C, known for its antioxidant properties and key role in collagen production, has been shown to produce positive effects on skin hyperpigmentation and aging. Future large well-designed clinical trials are needed in order to further investigate the potential of these agents as dermatological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara S Barbosa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55901, USA.
| | - Amer N Kalaaji
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55901, USA.
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