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Trivedi PD, Byrne BJ, Corti M. Evolving Horizons: Adenovirus Vectors' Timeless Influence on Cancer, Gene Therapy and Vaccines. Viruses 2023; 15:2378. [PMID: 38140619 PMCID: PMC10747483 DOI: 10.3390/v15122378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient and targeted delivery of a DNA payload is vital for developing safe gene therapy. Owing to the recent success of commercial oncolytic vector and multiple COVID-19 vaccines, adenovirus vectors are back in the spotlight. Adenovirus vectors can be used in gene therapy by altering the wild-type virus and making it replication-defective; specific viral genes can be removed and replaced with a segment that holds a therapeutic gene, and this vector can be used as delivery vehicle for tissue specific gene delivery. Modified conditionally replicative-oncolytic adenoviruses target tumors exclusively and have been studied in clinical trials extensively. This comprehensive review seeks to offer a summary of adenovirus vectors, exploring their characteristics, genetic enhancements, and diverse applications in clinical and preclinical settings. A significant emphasis is placed on their crucial role in advancing cancer therapy and the latest breakthroughs in vaccine clinical trials for various diseases. Additionally, we tackle current challenges and future avenues for optimizing adenovirus vectors, promising to open new frontiers in the fields of cell and gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manuela Corti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (P.D.T.); (B.J.B.)
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2
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Richie TL, Church LWP, Murshedkar T, Billingsley PF, James ER, Chen MC, Abebe Y, KC N, Chakravarty S, Dolberg D, Healy SA, Diawara H, Sissoko MS, Sagara I, Cook DM, Epstein JE, Mordmüller B, Kapulu M, Kreidenweiss A, Franke-Fayard B, Agnandji ST, López Mikue MSA, McCall MBB, Steinhardt L, Oneko M, Olotu A, Vaughan AM, Kublin JG, Murphy SC, Jongo S, Tanner M, Sirima SB, Laurens MB, Daubenberger C, Silva JC, Lyke KE, Janse CJ, Roestenberg M, Sauerwein RW, Abdulla S, Dicko A, Kappe SHI, Lee Sim BK, Duffy PE, Kremsner PG, Hoffman SL. Sporozoite immunization: innovative translational science to support the fight against malaria. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:964-1007. [PMID: 37571809 PMCID: PMC10949369 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2245890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malaria, a devastating febrile illness caused by protozoan parasites, sickened 247,000,000 people in 2021 and killed 619,000, mostly children and pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. A highly effective vaccine is urgently needed, especially for Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), the deadliest human malaria parasite. AREAS COVERED Sporozoites (SPZ), the parasite stage transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes to humans, are the only vaccine immunogen achieving >90% efficacy against Pf infection. This review describes >30 clinical trials of PfSPZ vaccines in the U.S.A., Europe, Africa, and Asia, based on first-hand knowledge of the trials and PubMed searches of 'sporozoites,' 'malaria,' and 'vaccines.' EXPERT OPINION First generation (radiation-attenuated) PfSPZ vaccines are safe, well tolerated, 80-100% efficacious against homologous controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) and provide 18-19 months protection without boosting in Africa. Second generation chemo-attenuated PfSPZ are more potent, 100% efficacious against stringent heterologous (variant strain) CHMI, but require a co-administered drug, raising safety concerns. Third generation, late liver stage-arresting, replication competent (LARC), genetically-attenuated PfSPZ are expected to be both safe and highly efficacious. Overall, PfSPZ vaccines meet safety, tolerability, and efficacy requirements for protecting pregnant women and travelers exposed to Pf in Africa, with licensure for these populations possible within 5 years. Protecting children and mass vaccination programs to block transmission and eliminate malaria are long-term objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sara A. Healy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Halimatou Diawara
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali-NIAID ICER, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mahamadou S. Sissoko
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali-NIAID ICER, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Issaka Sagara
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali-NIAID ICER, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - David M. Cook
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Judith E. Epstein
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin Mordmüller
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melissa Kapulu
- Biosciences Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute KEMRI-Wellcome Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea Kreidenweiss
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Selidji T. Agnandji
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | | | - Matthew B. B. McCall
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Laura Steinhardt
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martina Oneko
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Ally Olotu
- Bagamoyo Research and Training Center, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Ashley M. Vaughan
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James G. Kublin
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sean C. Murphy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases and Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Said Jongo
- Bagamoyo Research and Training Center, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Marcel Tanner
- Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Matthew B. Laurens
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Daubenberger
- Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joana C. Silva
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kirsten E. Lyke
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chris J. Janse
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Meta Roestenberg
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert W. Sauerwein
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Salim Abdulla
- Bagamoyo Research and Training Center, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Alassane Dicko
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Mali-NIAID ICER, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Stefan H. I. Kappe
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Patrick E. Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter G. Kremsner
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
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Choy RKM, Bourgeois AL, Ockenhouse CF, Walker RI, Sheets RL, Flores J. Controlled Human Infection Models To Accelerate Vaccine Development. Clin Microbiol Rev 2022; 35:e0000821. [PMID: 35862754 PMCID: PMC9491212 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00008-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The timelines for developing vaccines against infectious diseases are lengthy, and often vaccines that reach the stage of large phase 3 field trials fail to provide the desired level of protective efficacy. The application of controlled human challenge models of infection and disease at the appropriate stages of development could accelerate development of candidate vaccines and, in fact, has done so successfully in some limited cases. Human challenge models could potentially be used to gather critical information on pathogenesis, inform strain selection for vaccines, explore cross-protective immunity, identify immune correlates of protection and mechanisms of protection induced by infection or evoked by candidate vaccines, guide decisions on appropriate trial endpoints, and evaluate vaccine efficacy. We prepared this report to motivate fellow scientists to exploit the potential capacity of controlled human challenge experiments to advance vaccine development. In this review, we considered available challenge models for 17 infectious diseases in the context of the public health importance of each disease, the diversity and pathogenesis of the causative organisms, the vaccine candidates under development, and each model's capacity to evaluate them and identify correlates of protective immunity. Our broad assessment indicated that human challenge models have not yet reached their full potential to support the development of vaccines against infectious diseases. On the basis of our review, however, we believe that describing an ideal challenge model is possible, as is further developing existing and future challenge models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K. M. Choy
- PATH, Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - A. Louis Bourgeois
- PATH, Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Richard I. Walker
- PATH, Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Jorge Flores
- PATH, Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Shibeshi W, Bagchus W, Yalkinoglu Ö, Tappert A, Engidawork E, Oeuvray C. Reproducibility of malaria sporozoite challenge model in humans for evaluating efficacy of vaccines and drugs: a systematic review. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1274. [PMID: 34930178 PMCID: PMC8686662 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of novel malaria vaccines and antimalarial drugs is limited partly by emerging challenges to conduct field trials in malaria endemic areas, including unknown effects of existing immunity and a reported fall in malaria incidence. As a result, Controlled Human Malaria Infection (CHMI) has become an important approach for accelerated development of malarial vaccines and drugs. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to establish aggregate evidence on the reproducibility of a malaria sporozoite challenge model. METHODS A systematic review of research articles published between 1990 and 2018 on efficacy testing of malaria vaccines and drugs using sporozoite challenge and sporozoite infectivity studies was conducted using Pubmed, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov and Trialtrove. The inclusion criteria were randomized and non-randomized, controlled or open-label trials using P. falciparum or P. vivax sporozoite challenges. The data were extracted from articles using standardized data extraction forms and descriptive analysis was performed for evidence synthesis. The endpoints considered were infectivity, prepatent period, parasitemia and safety of sporozoite challenge. RESULTS Seventy CHMI trials conducted with a total of 2329 adult healthy volunteers were used for analysis. CHMI was induced by bites of mosquitoes infected with P. falciparum or P. vivax in 52 trials and by direct venous inoculation of P. falciparum sporozoites (PfSPZ challenge) in 18 trials. Inoculation with P. falciparum-infected mosquitoes produced 100% infectivity in 40 studies and the mean/median prepatent period assessed by thick blood smear (TBS) microscopy was ≤ 12 days in 24 studies. On the other hand, out of 12 infectivity studies conducted using PfSPZ challenge, 100% infection rate was reproduced in 9 studies with a mean or median prepatent period of 11 to 15.3 days as assessed by TBS and 6.8 to 12.6 days by PCR. The safety profile of P. falciparum and P.vivax CHMI was characterized by consistent features of malaria infection. CONCLUSION There is ample evidence on consistency of P. falciparum CHMI models in terms of infectivity and safety endpoints, which supports applicability of CHMI in vaccine and drug development. PfSPZ challenge appears more feasible for African trials based on current evidence of safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Workineh Shibeshi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Global Health Institute of Merck, Ares Trading S.A., A subsidiary of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Wilhelmina Bagchus
- Translational Medicine, Merck Serono S.A., An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Özkan Yalkinoglu
- Translational Medicine, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Aliona Tappert
- Global Patient Safety, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ephrem Engidawork
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Claude Oeuvray
- Global Health Institute of Merck, Ares Trading S.A., A subsidiary of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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Moon JE, Greenleaf ME, Regules JA, Debois M, Duncan EH, Sedegah M, Chuang I, Lee CK, Sikaffy AK, Garver LS, Ivinson K, Angov E, Morelle D, Lievens M, Ockenhouse CF, Ngauy V, Ofori-Anyinam O. A phase IIA extension study evaluating the effect of booster vaccination with a fractional dose of RTS,S/AS01 E in a controlled human malaria infection challenge. Vaccine 2021; 39:6398-6406. [PMID: 34593270 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated that RTS,S/AS01B and RTS,S/AS01E vaccination regimens including at least one delayed fractional dose can protect against Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) model, and showed inferiority of a two-dose versus three-dose regimen. In this follow-on trial, we evaluated whether fractional booster vaccination extended or induced protection in previously protected (P-Fx) or non-protected (NP-Fx) participants. METHODS 49 participants (P-Fx: 25; NP-Fx: 24) received a fractional (1/5th dose-volume) RTS,S/AS01E booster 12 months post-primary regimen. They underwent P. falciparum CHMI three weeks later and were then followed for six months for safety and immunogenicity. RESULTS Overall vaccine efficacy against re-challenge was 53% (95% CI: 37-65%), and similar for P-Fx (52% [95% CI: 28-68%]) and NP-Fx (54% [95% CI: 29-70%]). Efficacy appeared unaffected by primary regimen or previous protection status. Anti-CS (repeat region) antibody geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) increased post-booster vaccination. GMCs were maintained over time in primary three-dose groups but declined in the two-dose group. Protection after re-challenge was associated with higher anti-CS antibody responses. The booster was well-tolerated. CONCLUSIONS A fractional RTS,S/AS01E booster given one year after completion of a primary two- or three-dose RTS,S/AS01 delayed fractional dose regimen can extend or induce protection against CHMI. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03824236. linked to this article can be found on the Research Data as well as Figshare https://figshare.com/s/ee025150f9d1ac739361.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Moon
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
| | - Melissa E Greenleaf
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
| | - Jason A Regules
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
| | | | - Elizabeth H Duncan
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
| | - Martha Sedegah
- Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
| | - Ilin Chuang
- Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
| | - Cynthia K Lee
- PATH, 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98121, USA.
| | - April K Sikaffy
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
| | - Lindsey S Garver
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
| | - Karen Ivinson
- PATH, 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98121, USA.
| | - Evelina Angov
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Viseth Ngauy
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
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A three-antigen Plasmodium falciparum DNA prime-Adenovirus boost malaria vaccine regimen is superior to a two-antigen regimen and protects against controlled human malaria infection in healthy malaria-naïve adults. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256980. [PMID: 34495988 PMCID: PMC8425539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A DNA-prime/human adenovirus serotype 5 (HuAd5) boost vaccine encoding Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) and Pf apical membrane antigen-1 (PfAMA1), elicited protection in 4/15 (27%) of subjects against controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) that was statistically associated with CD8+ T cell responses. Subjects with high level pre-existing immunity to HuAd5 were not protected, suggesting an adverse effect on vaccine efficacy (VE). We replaced HuAd5 with chimpanzee adenovirus 63 (ChAd63), and repeated the study, assessing both the two-antigen (CSP, AMA1 = CA) vaccine, and a novel three-antigen (CSP, AMA1, ME-TRAP = CAT) vaccine that included a third pre-erythrocytic stage antigen [malaria multiple epitopes (ME) fused to the Pf thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (TRAP)] to potentially enhance protection. Methodology This was an open label, randomized Phase 1 trial, assessing safety, tolerability, and VE against CHMI in healthy, malaria naïve adults. Forty subjects (20 each group) were to receive three monthly CA or CAT DNA priming immunizations, followed by corresponding ChAd63 boost four months later. Four weeks after the boost, immunized subjects and 12 infectivity controls underwent CHMI by mosquito bite using the Pf3D7 strain. VE was assessed by determining the differences in time to parasitemia as detected by thick blood smears up to 28-days post CHMI and utilizing the log rank test, and by calculating the risk ratio of each treatment group and subtracting from 1, with significance calculated by the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method. Results In both groups, systemic adverse events (AEs) were significantly higher after the ChAd63 boost than DNA immunizations. Eleven of 12 infectivity controls developed parasitemia (mean 11.7 days). In the CA group, 15 of 16 (93.8%) immunized subjects developed parasitemia (mean 12.0 days). In the CAT group, 11 of 16 (63.8%) immunized subjects developed parasitemia (mean 13.0 days), indicating significant protection by log rank test compared to infectivity controls (p = 0.0406) and the CA group (p = 0.0229). VE (1 minus the risk ratio) in the CAT group was 25% compared to -2% in the CA group. The CA and CAT vaccines induced robust humoral (ELISA antibodies against CSP, AMA1 and TRAP, and IFA responses against sporozoites and Pf3D7 blood stages), and cellular responses (IFN-γ FluoroSpot responses to CSP, AMA1 and TRAP) that were not associated with protection. Conclusions This study demonstrated that the ChAd63 CAT vaccine exhibited significant protective efficacy, and confirmed protection was afforded by adding a third antigen (T) to a two-antigen (CA) formulation to achieve increased VE. Although the ChAd63-CAT vaccine was associated with increased frequencies of systemic AEs compared to the CA vaccine and, historically, compared to the HuAd5 vectored malaria vaccine encoding CSP and AMA1, they were transient and associated with increased vector dosing.
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Flynn O, Dillane K, Lanza JS, Marshall JM, Jin J, Silk SE, Draper SJ, Moore AC. Low Adenovirus Vaccine Doses Administered to Skin Using Microneedle Patches Induce Better Functional Antibody Immunogenicity as Compared to Systemic Injection. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030299. [PMID: 33810085 PMCID: PMC8005075 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus-based vaccines are demonstrating promising clinical potential for multiple infectious diseases, including COVID-19. However, the immunogenicity of the vector itself decreases its effectiveness as a boosting vaccine due to the induction of strong anti-vector neutralizing immunity. Here we determined how dissolvable microneedle patches (DMN) for skin immunization can overcome this issue, using a clinically-relevant adenovirus-based Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine, AdHu5–PfRH5, in mice. Incorporation of vaccine into patches significantly enhanced its thermostability compared to the liquid form. Conventional high dose repeated immunization by the intramuscular (IM) route induced low antigen-specific IgG titres and high anti-vector immunity. A low priming dose of vaccine, by the IM route, but more so using DMN patches, induced the most efficacious immune responses, assessed by parasite growth inhibitory activity (GIA) assays. Administration of low dose AdHu5–PfRH5 using patches to the skin, boosted by high dose IM, induced the highest antigen-specific serum IgG response after boosting, the greatest skewing of the antibody response towards the antigen and away from the vector, and the highest efficacy. This study therefore demonstrates that repeated use of the same adenovirus vaccine can be highly immunogenic towards the transgene if a low dose is used to prime the response. It also provides a method of stabilizing adenovirus vaccine, in easy-to-administer dissolvable microneedle patches, permitting storage and distribution out of cold chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Flynn
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland; (O.F.); (K.D.); (J.S.L.)
| | - Kate Dillane
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland; (O.F.); (K.D.); (J.S.L.)
| | - Juliane Sousa Lanza
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland; (O.F.); (K.D.); (J.S.L.)
| | - Jennifer M. Marshall
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (J.M.M.); (J.J.); (S.E.S.); (S.J.D.)
| | - Jing Jin
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (J.M.M.); (J.J.); (S.E.S.); (S.J.D.)
| | - Sarah E. Silk
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (J.M.M.); (J.J.); (S.E.S.); (S.J.D.)
| | - Simon J. Draper
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (J.M.M.); (J.J.); (S.E.S.); (S.J.D.)
| | - Anne C. Moore
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland; (O.F.); (K.D.); (J.S.L.)
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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Moon JE, Ockenhouse C, Regules JA, Vekemans J, Lee C, Chuang I, Traskine M, Jongert E, Ivinson K, Morelle D, Komisar JL, Lievens M, Sedegah M, Garver LS, Sikaffy AK, Waters NC, Ballou WR, Ofori-Anyinam O. A Phase IIa Controlled Human Malaria Infection and Immunogenicity Study of RTS,S/AS01E and RTS,S/AS01B Delayed Fractional Dose Regimens in Malaria-Naive Adults. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:1681-1691. [PMID: 32687161 PMCID: PMC7552430 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A previous RTS,S/AS01B vaccine challenge trial demonstrated that a 3-dose (0-1-7–month) regimen with a fractional third dose can produce high vaccine efficacy (VE) in adults challenged 3 weeks after vaccination. This study explored the VE of different delayed fractional dose regimens of adult and pediatric RTS,S/AS01 formulations. Methods A total of 130 participants were randomized into 5 groups. Four groups received 3 doses of RTS,S/AS01B or RTS,S/AS01E on a 0-1-7–month schedule, with the final 1 or 2 doses being fractional (one-fifth dose volume). One group received 1 full (month 0) and 1 fractional (month 7) dose of RTS,S/AS01E. Immunized and unvaccinated control participants underwent Plasmodium falciparum–infected mosquito challenge (controlled human malaria infection) 3 months after immunization, a timing chosen to potentially discriminate VEs between groups. Results The VE of 3-dose formulations ranged from 55% (95% confidence interval, 27%–72%) to 76% (48%–89%). Groups administered equivalent formulations of RTS,S/AS01E and RTS,S/AS01B demonstrated comparable VE. The 2-dose group demonstrated lower VE (29% [95% confidence interval, 6%–46%]). All regimens were well tolerated and immunogenic, with trends toward higher anti-circumsporozoite antibody titers in participants protected against infection. Conclusions RTS,S/AS01E can provide VE comparable to an equivalent RTS,S/AS01B regimen in adults, suggesting a universal formulation may be considered. Results also suggest that the 2-dose regimen is inferior to the 3-dose regimens evaluated. Clinical Trial Registration NCT03162614
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Moon
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Jason A Regules
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Cynthia Lee
- PATH-Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ilin Chuang
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Karen Ivinson
- PATH-Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Jack L Komisar
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Martha Sedegah
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Lindsey S Garver
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - April K Sikaffy
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Norman C Waters
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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9
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A Multistage Formulation Based on Full-Length CSP and AMA-1 Ectodomain of Plasmodium vivax Induces High Antibody Titers and T-cells and Partially Protects Mice Challenged with a Transgenic Plasmodium berghei Parasite. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060916. [PMID: 32560380 PMCID: PMC7356588 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections with Plasmodium vivax are predominant in the Americas, representing 75% of malaria cases. Previously perceived as benign, malaria vivax is, in fact, a highly debilitating and economically important disease. Considering the high complexity of the malaria parasite life cycle, it has been hypothesized that an effective vaccine formulation against Plasmodium should contain multiple antigens expressed in different parasite stages. Based on that, we analyzed a recombinant P. vivax vaccine formulation mixing the apical membrane antigen 1 ectodomain (PvAMA-1) and a full-length circumsporozoite protein (PvCSP-AllFL) previously studied by our group, which elicits a potent antibody response in mice. Genetically distinct strains of mice (C57BL/6 and BALB/c) were immunized with the proteins, alone or in combination, in the presence of poly(I:C) adjuvant, a TLR3 agonist. In C57BL/6, high-antibody titers were induced against PvAMA-1 and the three PvCSP variants (VK210, VK247, and P. vivax-like). Meanwhile, mixing PvAMA-1 with PvCSP-AllFL had no impact on total IgG antibody titers, which were long-lasting. Moreover, antibodies from immunized mice recognized VK210 sporozoites and blood-stage parasites by immunofluorescence assay. However, in the BALB/c model, the antibody response against PvCSP-AllFL was relatively low. PvAMA-1-specific CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T-cell responses were observed in C57BL/6 mice, and the cellular response was impaired by PvCSP-AllFL combination. More relevant, the multistage vaccine formulation provided partial protection in mice challenged with a transgenic Plasmodium berghei sporozoite expressing the homologous PvCSP protein.
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10
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Yusuf Y, Yoshii T, Iyori M, Mizukami H, Fukumoto S, Yamamoto DS, Emran TB, Amelia F, Islam A, Syafira I, Yoshida S. A Viral-Vectored Multi-Stage Malaria Vaccine Regimen With Protective and Transmission-Blocking Efficacies. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2412. [PMID: 31681301 PMCID: PMC6803381 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria parasites undergo several stages in their complex lifecycle. To achieve reductions in both the individual disease burden and malaria transmission within communities, a multi-stage malaria vaccine with high effectiveness and durability is a more efficacious strategy compared with a single-stage vaccine. Here, we generated viral-vectored vaccines based on human adenovirus type 5 (AdHu5) and adeno-associated virus serotype 1 (AAV1) expressing a fusion protein of the pre-erythrocytic stage Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) and the transmission-blocking sexual stage P25 protein (Pfs25). A two-dose heterologous AdHu5-prime/AAV1-boost immunization regimen proved to be highly effective for both full protection and transmission-blocking activity against transgenic P. berghei parasites expressing the corresponding P. falciparum antigens in mice. Remarkably, the immunization regimen induced antibody responses to both PfCSP and Pfs25 for over 9 months after the boosting and also maintained high levels of transmission-reducing activity (TRA: >99%) during that period, as evaluated by a direct feeding assay. If similar efficacies on P. falciparum can be shown following vaccination of humans, we propose that this multi-stage malaria vaccine regimen will be a powerful tool for malaria control, providing greater overall protection and cost-effectiveness than single-stage vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenni Yusuf
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University School of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Tatsuya Yoshii
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University School of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Iyori
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University School of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mizukami
- Division of Genetics Therapeutics, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Shinya Fukumoto
- National Research Centre for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Daisuke S. Yamamoto
- Division of Medical Zoology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University School of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Fitri Amelia
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University School of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ashekul Islam
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University School of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Intan Syafira
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University School of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shigeto Yoshida
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University School of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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11
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Chaudhury S, Duncan EH, Atre T, Dutta S, Spring MD, Leitner WW, Bergmann-Leitner ES. Combining immunoprofiling with machine learning to assess the effects of adjuvant formulation on human vaccine-induced immunity. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 16:400-411. [PMID: 31589550 PMCID: PMC7062453 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1654807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants produce complex, but often subtle, effects on vaccine-induced immune responses that, nonetheless, play a critical role in vaccine efficacy. In-depth profiling of vaccine-induced cytokine, cellular, and antibody responses ("immunoprofiling") combined with machine-learning holds the promise of identifying adjuvant-specific immune response characteristics that can guide rational adjuvant selection. Here, we profiled human immune responses induced by vaccines adjuvanted with two similar, clinically relevant adjuvants, AS01B and AS02A, and identified key distinguishing characteristics, or immune signatures, they imprint on vaccine-induced immunity. Samples for this side-by-side comparison were from malaria-naïve individuals who had received a recombinant malaria subunit vaccine (AMA-1) that targets the pre-erythrocytic stage of the parasite. Both adjuvant formulations contain the same immunostimulatory components, QS21 and MPL, thus this study reveals the subtle impact that adjuvant formulation has on immunogenicity. Adjuvant-mediated immune signatures were established through a two-step approach: First, we generated a broad immunoprofile (serological, functional and cellular characterization of vaccine-induced responses). Second, we integrated the immunoprofiling data and identify what combination of immune features was most clearly able to distinguish vaccine-induced responses by adjuvant using machine learning. The computational analysis revealed statistically significant differences in cellular and antibody responses between cohorts and identified a combination of immune features that was able to distinguish subjects by adjuvant with 71% accuracy. Moreover, the in-depth characterization demonstrated an unexpected induction of CD8+ T cells by the recombinant subunit vaccine, which is rare and highly relevant for future vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhartha Chaudhury
- Biotechnology HPC Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Duncan
- Malaria Vaccine Branch, U.S. Military Malaria Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Tanmaya Atre
- Malaria Vaccine Branch, U.S. Military Malaria Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sheetij Dutta
- Malaria Vaccine Branch, U.S. Military Malaria Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Michele D Spring
- Department of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, AFRIMS, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Elke S Bergmann-Leitner
- Malaria Vaccine Branch, U.S. Military Malaria Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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12
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Zoulim F, Fournier C, Habersetzer F, Sprinzl M, Pol S, Coffin CS, Leroy V, Ma M, Wedemeyer H, Lohse AW, Thimme R, Lugardon K, Martin P, Bastien B, Sansas B, Adda N, Halluard C, Bendjama K, Brandely M, Inchauspé G. Safety and immunogenicity of the therapeutic vaccine TG1050 in chronic hepatitis B patients: a phase 1b placebo-controlled trial. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 16:388-399. [PMID: 31373537 PMCID: PMC7158919 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1651141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) typically requires life-long administration of drugs. Cohort and pre-clinical studies have established the link between a functional T-cell-mounted immunity and resolution of infection. TG1050 is an adenovirus 5-based vaccine that expresses HBV polymerase and domains of core and surface antigen and has shown immunogenicity and antiviral effects in mice. We performed a phase 1 clinical trial to assess safety and explore immunogenicity and early efficacy of TG1050 in CHB patients. This randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study included two sequential phases: one single dose cohort (SD, n = 12) and one multiple (3) doses cohort (MD, n = 36). Patients, virally suppressed under nucleoside(d)tide analog NUC therapy, were randomized 1:1:1 across 3 dose levels (DL) and assigned to receive 109, 1010, 1011 virus particles (vp) of TG1050 and then randomized within each DL to placebo (3:1 and 9:3 vaccines/placebo in each DL, respectively, for the SD and MD cohorts). Cellular (ELISPOT) and antibody responses (anti-Adenovirus), as well as evolution of circulating HBsAg and HBcrAg, were monitored. All doses were well tolerated in both cohorts, without severe adverse event. TG1050 was capable to induce IFN-γ producing T-cells targeting 1 to 3 encoded antigens, in particular at the 1010vp dose. Overall, minor decreases of HBsAg were observed while a number of vaccinees reached unquantifiable HBcrAg by end of the study. In CHB patients under NUC, TG1050 exhibited a good safety profile and was capable to induce HBV-specific cellular immune response. These data support further clinical evaluation, especially in combination studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Zoulim
- Service d'hépato-Gastroentérologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Martin Sprinzl
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stanislas Pol
- Service Gastroentérologie et Hépatologie, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Carla S Coffin
- Liver Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Vincent Leroy
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, CHU, Grenoble, France
| | - Mang Ma
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northern Alberta Clinical Trials and Research Centre, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Thimme
- Uniklinik, Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karine Lugardon
- Deptartment Affaires Médicales, Reseach, Project, Transgene SA, Illkirch, France
| | - Perrine Martin
- Deptartment Maladies Infectieuses, Transgene SA, Lyon, France
| | - Bérangère Bastien
- Deptartment Affaires Médicales, Reseach, Project, Transgene SA, Illkirch, France
| | - Benoit Sansas
- Deptartment Affaires Médicales, Reseach, Project, Transgene SA, Illkirch, France
| | - Nathalie Adda
- Deptartment Affaires Médicales, Reseach, Project, Transgene SA, Illkirch, France
| | - Celine Halluard
- Deptartment Affaires Médicales, Reseach, Project, Transgene SA, Illkirch, France
| | - Kaïdre Bendjama
- Deptartment Affaires Médicales, Reseach, Project, Transgene SA, Illkirch, France
| | - Maud Brandely
- Deptartment Affaires Médicales, Reseach, Project, Transgene SA, Illkirch, France
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13
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Pattinson DJ, Apte SH, Wibowo N, Chuan YP, Rivera-Hernandez T, Groves PL, Lua LH, Middelberg APJ, Doolan DL. Chimeric Murine Polyomavirus Virus-Like Particles Induce Plasmodium Antigen-Specific CD8 + T Cell and Antibody Responses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:215. [PMID: 31275867 PMCID: PMC6593135 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective vaccine against the Plasmodium parasite is likely to require the induction of robust antibody and T cell responses. Chimeric virus-like particles are an effective vaccine platform for induction of antibody responses, but their capacity to induce robust cellular responses and cell-mediated protection against pathogen challenge has not been established. To evaluate this, we produced chimeric constructs using the murine polyomavirus structural protein with surface-exposed CD8+ or CD4+ T cell or B cell repeat epitopes derived from the Plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite protein, and assessed immunogenicity and protective capacity in a murine model. Robust CD8+ T cell responses were induced by immunization with the chimeric CD8+ T cell epitope virus-like particles, however CD4+ T cell responses were very low. The B cell chimeric construct induced robust antibody responses but there was no apparent synergy when T cell and B cell constructs were administered as a pool. A heterologous prime/boost regimen using plasmid DNA priming followed by a VLP boost was more effective than homologous VLP immunization for cellular immunity and protection. These data show that chimeric murine polyomavirus virus-like particles are a good platform for induction of CD8+ T cell responses as well as antibody responses.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Protozoan
- Antibody Formation/immunology
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunization
- Immunization, Secondary
- Malaria Vaccines
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Plasmodium yoelii
- Polyomavirus/genetics
- Polyomavirus/immunology
- Protozoan Proteins/immunology
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/genetics
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Pattinson
- Infectious Diseases Programme, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon H. Apte
- Infectious Diseases Programme, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nani Wibowo
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yap P. Chuan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tania Rivera-Hernandez
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Penny L. Groves
- Infectious Diseases Programme, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Linda H. Lua
- Protein Expression Facility, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anton P. J. Middelberg
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Denise L. Doolan
- Infectious Diseases Programme, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
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14
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van Winkel CAJ, Moreno A, Curiel DT. Capsid-Incorporation Strategy To Display Antigens for an Alternative Adenoviral Vector Vaccine Approach. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:5446-5453. [PMID: 30359030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The adenovirus (Ad) is widely used as a vaccine because of its ability to induce a cellular and humoral immune response. In addition, human clinical trials have validated the safety and efficacy of Ad as a vaccine vector. The traditional approach for employing the adenovirus as vaccine is to configure the antigen genes into the expression cassette of the Ad genome. An alternative method for inducing an immune response is the "capsid-incorporation" strategy. This strategy is based upon the incorporation of proteins or peptides into the capsid proteins. This review will focus on the established uses of this approach as well as highlighting the new developments regarding the capsid-incorporation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A J van Winkel
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States.,Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology , University of Groningen , Groningen 9700 AB , The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Moreno
- Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Research Center , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - David T Curiel
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
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15
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McCall MBB, Kremsner PG, Mordmüller B. Correlating efficacy and immunogenicity in malaria vaccine trials. Semin Immunol 2018; 39:52-64. [PMID: 30219621 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The availability of an effective and appropriately implemented malaria vaccine would form a crucial cornerstone of public health efforts to fight this disease. Despite many decades of research, however, no malaria vaccine has yet shown satisfactory protective efficacy or been rolled-out. Validated immunological substitute endpoints have the potential to accelerate clinical vaccine development by reducing the required complexity, size, duration and cost of clinical trials. Besides facilitating clinical development of existing vaccine candidates, understanding immunological mechanisms of protection may drive the development of fundamentally new vaccination approaches. In this review we focus on correlates of protection in malaria vaccine development: Does immunogenicity predict malaria vaccine efficacy and why is this question particularly difficult? Have immunological correlates accelerated malaria vaccine development in the past and will they facilitate it in the future? Does Controlled Human Malaria Infection represent a valid model for identifying such immunological correlates, or a correlate of protection against naturally-acquired malaria in itself?
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B B McCall
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen and Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Germany; Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon.
| | - Peter G Kremsner
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen and Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Germany; Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Benjamin Mordmüller
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen and Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Germany; Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
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16
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Wu J, Chen G, Zhuang FC, Gao M, Wu CD, He ZL, Jiang YS, Li JB, Bao JY, Mao ZA. Long-term toxicity, pharmacokinetics and immune effects of a recombinant adenovirus vaccine expressing human papillomavirus 16 E6 and E7 proteins (HPV16 E6E7-Ad5 Vac) in primates. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:1539-1551. [PMID: 29887967 PMCID: PMC5992553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to: evaluate long-term toxicity and pharmacokinetic parameters; to identify the target organ of toxicity of a recombinant adenovirus vaccine expressing human papillomavirus 16 E6 and E7 proteins (HPV16 E6E7-Ad5 Vac) in primates; and to determine the specific immune response of this recombinant adenovirus vaccine. METHOD HPV16 E6E7-Ad5 Vac (dose 4.68 × 109 IU/bottle) was administered to Macaca fascicularis (M. fascicularis) to evaluate its long-term toxicity. The Cynomolgus Monkeys were divided into a negative control group (sodium chloride injection group), a low-dose group (4.68 × 108 IU/macaque), and, a high-dose group (4.68 × 109 IU/macaque). The drugs were administered at intervals of once every three weeks (D1, D21, D42). The macaques were observed until the sixth week of the recovery period (D84) for safety and toxicological indicators and pharmacokinetic indicators. To study the specific immune response in Rhesus Macaque, empty viruses (rAd5-null) and buffer were inoculated as controls, respectively. Two doses of the vaccine were given at 1.0 × 108 IU/ml and 1.0 × 109 IU/ml and theHPV-16 E6-/HPV-16 E7-specific IFN-γ productions were measured. RESULTS The macaques of both the high-dose group and the low-dose group did not exhibit any systemic toxic response. The administered safe dose of the vaccine was 4.68 × 109 IU per animal. Following vaccination, HPV16 E6/E7-specific antibodies were observed to be generated in both groups, indicating an immune response of the lymphocytes targeting HPV16 E6 and HPV16 E7 epitopes (specific NF-r) was elicited. The peak level of HPV-16 E6-/HPV-16 E7-specific IFN-γ production was observed in the ninth week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Institute of Viral Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical SciencesHangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Institute of Viral Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical SciencesHangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Fang-Cheng Zhuang
- Institute of Viral Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical SciencesHangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Meng Gao
- Institute of Viral Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical SciencesHangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Dong Wu
- JOINN Laboratories, Inc.Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhan-Long He
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesKunming 650100, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Shui Jiang
- Institute of Viral Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical SciencesHangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Bo Li
- Institute of Viral Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical SciencesHangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Yuan Bao
- Zhejiang Biotech Co., Ltd.Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Zi-An Mao
- Zhejiang Biotech Co., Ltd.Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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17
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Abstract
Controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) entails deliberate infection with malaria parasites either by mosquito bite or by direct injection of sporozoites or parasitized erythrocytes. When required, the resulting blood-stage infection is curtailed by the administration of antimalarial drugs. Inducing a malaria infection via inoculation with infected blood was first used as a treatment (malariotherapy) for neurosyphilis in Europe and the United States in the early 1900s. More recently, CHMI has been applied to the fields of malaria vaccine and drug development, where it is used to evaluate products in well-controlled early-phase proof-of-concept clinical studies, thus facilitating progression of only the most promising candidates for further evaluation in areas where malaria is endemic. Controlled infections have also been used to immunize against malaria infection. Historically, CHMI studies have been restricted by the need for access to insectaries housing infected mosquitoes or suitable malaria-infected individuals. Evaluation of vaccine and drug candidates has been constrained in these studies by the availability of a limited number of Plasmodium falciparum isolates. Recent advances have included cryopreservation of sporozoites, the manufacture of well-characterized and genetically distinct cultured malaria cell banks for blood-stage infection, and the availability of Plasmodium vivax-specific reagents. These advances will help to accelerate malaria vaccine and drug development by making the reagents for CHMI more widely accessible and also enabling a more rigorous evaluation with multiple parasite strains and species. Here we discuss the different applications of CHMI, recent advances in the use of CHMI, and ongoing challenges for consideration.
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18
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Limbach K, Stefaniak M, Chen P, Patterson NB, Liao G, Weng S, Krepkiy S, Ekberg G, Torano H, Ettyreddy D, Gowda K, Sonawane S, Belmonte A, Abot E, Sedegah M, Hollingdale MR, Moormann A, Vulule J, Villasante E, Richie TL, Brough DE, Bruder JT. New gorilla adenovirus vaccine vectors induce potent immune responses and protection in a mouse malaria model. Malar J 2017; 16:263. [PMID: 28673287 PMCID: PMC5496260 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-1911-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A DNA-human Ad5 (HuAd5) prime-boost malaria vaccine has been shown to protect volunteers against a controlled human malaria infection. The potency of this vaccine, however, appeared to be affected by the presence of pre-existing immunity against the HuAd5 vector. Since HuAd5 seroprevalence is very high in malaria-endemic areas of the world, HuAd5 may not be the most appropriate malaria vaccine vector. This report describes the evaluation of the seroprevalence, immunogenicity and efficacy of three newly identified gorilla adenoviruses, GC44, GC45 and GC46, as potential malaria vaccine vectors. Results The seroprevalence of GC44, GC45 and GC46 is very low, and the three vectors are not efficiently neutralized by human sera from Kenya and Ghana, two countries where malaria is endemic. In mice, a single administration of GC44, GC45 and GC46 vectors expressing a murine malaria gene, Plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite protein (PyCSP), induced robust PyCSP-specific T cell and antibody responses that were at least as high as a comparable HuAd5-PyCSP vector. Efficacy studies in a murine malaria model indicated that a prime-boost regimen with DNA-PyCSP and GC-PyCSP vectors can protect mice against a malaria challenge. Moreover, these studies indicated that a DNA-GC46-PyCSP vaccine regimen was significantly more efficacious than a DNA-HuAd5-PyCSP regimen. Conclusion These data suggest that these gorilla-based adenovectors have key performance characteristics for an effective malaria vaccine. The superior performance of GC46 over HuAd5 highlights its potential for clinical development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-017-1911-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Limbach
- Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maureen Stefaniak
- Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ping Chen
- GenVec Incorporated, 910 Clopper Road, Suite 220N, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Noelle B Patterson
- Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Grant Liao
- GenVec Incorporated, 910 Clopper Road, Suite 220N, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Shaojie Weng
- GenVec Incorporated, 910 Clopper Road, Suite 220N, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Svetlana Krepkiy
- GenVec Incorporated, 910 Clopper Road, Suite 220N, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Greg Ekberg
- GenVec Incorporated, 910 Clopper Road, Suite 220N, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Holly Torano
- GenVec Incorporated, 910 Clopper Road, Suite 220N, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Damodar Ettyreddy
- GenVec Incorporated, 910 Clopper Road, Suite 220N, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Kalpana Gowda
- Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sharvari Sonawane
- Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arnel Belmonte
- Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Esteban Abot
- Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martha Sedegah
- Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Michael R Hollingdale
- Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ann Moormann
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - John Vulule
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Eileen Villasante
- Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Thomas L Richie
- Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Douglas E Brough
- GenVec Incorporated, 910 Clopper Road, Suite 220N, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Joseph T Bruder
- GenVec Incorporated, 910 Clopper Road, Suite 220N, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
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19
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Li X, Huang J, Kawamura A, Funakoshi R, Porcelli SA, Tsuji M. Co-localization of a CD1d-binding glycolipid with an adenovirus-based malaria vaccine for a potent adjuvant effect. Vaccine 2017; 35:3171-3177. [PMID: 28483194 PMCID: PMC5489412 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A CD1d-binding, invariant (i) natural killer T (NKT)-cell stimulatory glycolipid, α-Galactosylceramide (αGalCer), has been shown to act as an adjuvant. We previously identified a fluorinated phenyl ring-modified αGalCer analog, 7DW8-5, displaying a higher binding affinity for CD1d molecule and more potent adjuvant activity than αGalCer. In the present study, 7DW8-5 co-administered intramuscularly (i.m.) with a recombinant adenovirus expressing a Plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite protein (PyCSP), AdPyCS, has led to a co-localization of 7DW8-5 and a PyCSP in draining lymph nodes (dLNs), particularly in dendritic cells (DCs). This occurrence initiates a cascade of events, such as the recruitment of DCs to dLNs and their activation and maturation, and the enhancement of the ability of DCs to prime CD8+ T cells induced by AdPyCS and ultimately leading to a potent adjuvant effect and protection against malaria.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Adjuvants, Immunologic
- Animals
- Antigens, CD1d/immunology
- Antigens, CD1d/metabolism
- Antigens, Protozoan/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Protozoan/genetics
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Galactosylceramides/chemistry
- Galactosylceramides/immunology
- Galactosylceramides/metabolism
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Malaria/immunology
- Malaria/prevention & control
- Malaria Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Malaria Vaccines/immunology
- Mice
- Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology
- Plasmodium yoelii/chemistry
- Plasmodium yoelii/genetics
- Plasmodium yoelii/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangming Li
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jing Huang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Akira Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ryota Funakoshi
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Steven A Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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20
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A Plasmodium vivax Plasmid DNA- and Adenovirus-Vectored Malaria Vaccine Encoding Blood-Stage Antigens AMA1 and MSP1 42 in a Prime/Boost Heterologous Immunization Regimen Partially Protects Aotus Monkeys against Blood-Stage Challenge. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2017; 24:CVI.00539-16. [PMID: 28179404 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00539-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium, which are transmitted to humans by the bites of Anopheles mosquitoes. After the elimination of Plasmodium falciparum, it is predicted that Plasmodium vivax will remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality outside Africa, stressing the importance of developing a vaccine against P. vivax malaria. In this study, we assessed the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of two P. vivax antigens, apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) and the 42-kDa C-terminal fragment of merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP142) in a plasmid recombinant DNA prime/adenoviral (Ad) vector boost regimen in Aotus monkeys. Groups of 4 to 5 monkeys were immunized with plasmid DNA alone, Ad alone, prime/boost regimens with each antigen, prime/boost regimens with both antigens, and empty vector controls and then subjected to blood-stage challenge. The heterologous immunization regimen with the antigen pair was more protective than either antigen alone or both antigens delivered with a single vaccine platform, on the basis of their ability to induce the longest prepatent period and the longest time to the peak level of parasitemia, the lowest peak and mean levels of parasitemia, the smallest area under the parasitemia curve, and the highest self-cure rate. Overall, prechallenge MSP142 antibody titers strongly correlated with a decreased parasite burden. Nevertheless, a significant proportion of immunized animals developed anemia. In conclusion, the P. vivax plasmid DNA/Ad serotype 5 vaccine encoding blood-stage parasite antigens AMA1 and MSP142 in a heterologous prime/boost immunization regimen provided significant protection against blood-stage challenge in Aotus monkeys, indicating the suitability of these antigens and this regimen for further development.
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21
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Human CD8+ T cells mediate protective immunity induced by a human malaria vaccine in human immune system mice. Vaccine 2016; 34:4501-4506. [PMID: 27502569 PMCID: PMC5009892 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have shown that CD8+ T cells mediate protective anti-malaria immunity in a mouse model. However, whether human CD8+ T cells play a role in protection against malaria remains unknown. We recently established human immune system (HIS) mice harboring functional human CD8+ T cells (HIS-CD8 mice) by transduction with HLA-A∗0201 and certain human cytokines using recombinant adeno-associated virus-based gene transfer technologies. These HIS-CD8 mice mount a potent, antigen-specific HLA-A∗0201-restricted human CD8+ T-cell response upon immunization with a recombinant adenovirus expressing a human malaria antigen, the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP), termed AdPfCSP. In the present study, we challenged AdPfCSP-immunized HIS-CD8 mice with transgenic Plasmodium berghei sporozoites expressing full-length PfCSP and found that AdPfCSP-immunized (but not naïve) mice were protected against subsequent malaria challenge. The level of the HLA-A∗0201-restricted, PfCSP-specific human CD8+ T-cell response was closely correlated with the level of malaria protection. Furthermore, depletion of human CD8+ T cells from AdPfCSP-immunized HIS-CD8 mice almost completely abolished the anti-malaria immune response. Taken together, our data show that human CD8+ T cells mediate protective anti-malaria immunity in vivo.
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22
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Abstract
The quantification of single cell interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release for assessing cellular immune responses using the Enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay is an invaluable technique in immunology. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are stimulated in vitro with recombinant proteins, peptides and recently whole malaria organisms. Stimulation may be short term (20-36 h) or long term (cultured ELISpot, up to 7 days). ELISpot is also able to quantify other cytokines secreted by antigen-specific T-cells, such as interleukin-2, interleukin-5, and other interleukins. ELISpot is playing an important role especially in vaccine research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Sedegah
- Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.
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23
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Fonseca JA, Cabrera-Mora M, Kashentseva EA, Villegas JP, Fernandez A, Van Pelt A, Dmitriev IP, Curiel DT, Moreno A. A Plasmodium Promiscuous T Cell Epitope Delivered within the Ad5 Hexon Protein Enhances the Protective Efficacy of a Protein Based Malaria Vaccine. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154819. [PMID: 27128437 PMCID: PMC4851317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A malaria vaccine is a public health priority. In order to produce an effective vaccine, a multistage approach targeting both the blood and the liver stage infection is desirable. The vaccine candidates also need to induce balanced immune responses including antibodies, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Protein-based subunit vaccines like RTS,S are able to induce strong antibody response but poor cellular reactivity. Adenoviral vectors have been effective inducing protective CD8+ T cell responses in several models including malaria; nonetheless this vaccine platform exhibits a limited induction of humoral immune responses. Two approaches have been used to improve the humoral immunogenicity of recombinant adenovirus vectors, the use of heterologous prime-boost regimens with recombinant proteins or the genetic modification of the hypervariable regions (HVR) of the capsid protein hexon to express B cell epitopes of interest. In this study, we describe the development of capsid modified Ad5 vectors that express a promiscuous Plasmodium yoelii T helper epitope denominated PyT53 within the hexon HVR2 region. Several regimens were tested in mice to determine the relevance of the hexon modification in enhancing protective immune responses induced by the previously described protein-based multi-stage experimental vaccine PyCMP. A heterologous prime-boost immunization regime that combines a hexon modified vector with transgenic expression of PyCMP followed by protein immunizations resulted in the induction of robust antibody and cellular immune responses in comparison to a similar regimen that includes a vector with unmodified hexon. These differences in immunogenicity translated into a better protective efficacy against both the hepatic and red blood cell stages of P. yoelii. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a hexon modification is used to deliver a promiscuous T cell epitope. Our data support the use of such modification to enhance the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of adenoviral based malaria vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo Andres Fonseca
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Monica Cabrera-Mora
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Elena A. Kashentseva
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - John Paul Villegas
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Alejandra Fernandez
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Amelia Van Pelt
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Igor P. Dmitriev
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - David T. Curiel
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Alberto Moreno
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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Analysis of the immune response of a new malaria vaccine based on the modification of cryptic epitopes. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:1907-13. [PMID: 26833322 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-4931-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a severe, life-threatening infectious disease that endangers human health. However, there are no vaccines or immune strategy of vaccines succeeding in both erythrocytic and pre-erythrocytic stage. During the liver stage of the Plasmodium life cycle, sporozoites invade the host liver cells. The sporozoites, then, induce a cellular immune response via the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on their surfaces. The cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) then recognize the corresponding antigen-MHC complex on the surfaces of these infected liver cells and kill them. However, dominant epitopes with high MHC affinity are prone to mutation due to immune selection pressure. CTLs evoked by the original dominant epitopes cannot recognize the mutated epitopes, leading to immune evasion. In this study, we have modified the cryptic epitopes of different antigens in the sporozoite and liver stages of Plasmodium falciparum to increase their immunogenicity without changing T cell antigen receptor (TCR)-peptide binding specificity. In addition, we have also added an important erythrocytic phase protective antigen, named apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1), to this process with the goal of constructing a complex multi-stage, multi-epitope recombinant DNA vaccine against P. falciparum. The vaccine was tested in HHD-2 mice. The method involved multiple stages of the P. falciparum life cycle as well as elucidation both humoral and cellular immunity. The conclusion drawn from the study was that the vaccine might provide an important theoretical and practical basis for generating effective preventative or therapeutic vaccine against P. falciparum.
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25
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Martin P, Dubois C, Jacquier E, Dion S, Mancini-Bourgine M, Godon O, Kratzer R, Lelu-Santolaria K, Evlachev A, Meritet JF, Schlesinger Y, Villeval D, Strub JM, Van Dorsselaer A, Marchand JB, Geist M, Brandely R, Findeli A, Boukhebza H, Menguy T, Silvestre N, Michel ML, Inchauspé G. TG1050, an immunotherapeutic to treat chronic hepatitis B, induces robust T cells and exerts an antiviral effect in HBV-persistent mice. Gut 2015; 64:1961-71. [PMID: 25429051 PMCID: PMC4680198 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess a new adenovirus-based immunotherapy as a novel treatment approach to chronic hepatitis B (CHB). METHODS TG1050 is a non-replicative adenovirus serotype 5 encoding a unique large fusion protein composed of a truncated HBV Core, a modified HBV Polymerase and two HBV Envelope domains. We used a recently described HBV-persistent mouse model based on a recombinant adenovirus-associated virus encoding an over length genome of HBV that induces the chronic production of HBsAg, HBeAg and infectious HBV particles to assess the ability of TG1050 to induce functional T cells in face of a chronic status. RESULTS In in vitro studies, TG1050 was shown to express the expected large polyprotein together with a dominant, smaller by-product. Following a single administration in mice, TG1050 induced robust, multispecific and long-lasting HBV-specific T cells detectable up to 1 year post-injection. These cells target all three encoded immunogens and display bifunctionality (i.e., capacity to produce both interferon γ and tumour necrosis factor α as well as cytolytic functions). In addition, control of circulating levels of HBV DNA and HBsAg was observed while alanine aminotransferase levels remain in the normal range. CONCLUSIONS Injection of TG1050 induced both splenic and intrahepatic functional T cells producing cytokines and displaying cytolytic activity in HBV-naïve and HBV-persistent mouse models together with significant reduction of circulating viral parameters. These results warrant clinical evaluation of TG1050 in the treatment of CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Martin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Transgene SA, Lyon, France
| | - Clarisse Dubois
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Transgene SA, Lyon, France
| | - Emilie Jacquier
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Transgene SA, Lyon, France
| | - Sarah Dion
- Laboratoire de pathogénèse des virus de l'hépatite B Paris and INSERM U994, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Maryline Mancini-Bourgine
- Laboratoire de pathogénèse des virus de l'hépatite B Paris and INSERM U994, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ophélie Godon
- Laboratoire de pathogénèse des virus de l'hépatite B Paris and INSERM U994, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Roland Kratzer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Transgene SA, Lyon, France
| | | | - Alexei Evlachev
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Transgene SA, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Marc Strub
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Strasbourg University, UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain Van Dorsselaer
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Strasbourg University, UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Michel Geist
- Department of Vectors, Transgene SA, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Annie Findeli
- Department of Vectors, Transgene SA, Strasbourg, France
| | - Houda Boukhebza
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Transgene SA, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Marie-Louise Michel
- Laboratoire de pathogénèse des virus de l'hépatite B Paris and INSERM U994, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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26
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Ewer KJ, Sierra-Davidson K, Salman AM, Illingworth JJ, Draper SJ, Biswas S, Hill AVS. Progress with viral vectored malaria vaccines: A multi-stage approach involving "unnatural immunity". Vaccine 2015; 33:7444-51. [PMID: 26476366 PMCID: PMC4687526 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Viral vectors used in heterologous prime-boost regimens are one of very few vaccination approaches that have yielded significant protection against controlled human malaria infections. Recently, protection induced by chimpanzee adenovirus priming and modified vaccinia Ankara boosting using the ME-TRAP insert has been correlated with the induction of potent CD8(+) T cell responses. This regimen has progressed to field studies where efficacy against infection has now been reported. The same vectors have been used pre-clinically to identify preferred protective antigens for use in vaccines against the pre-erythrocytic, blood-stage and mosquito stages of malaria and this work is reviewed here for the first time. Such antigen screening has led to the prioritization of the PfRH5 blood-stage antigen, which showed efficacy against heterologous strain challenge in non-human primates, and vectors encoding this antigen are in clinical trials. This, along with the high transmission-blocking activity of some sexual-stage antigens, illustrates well the capacity of such vectors to induce high titre protective antibodies in addition to potent T cell responses. All of the protective responses induced by these vectors exceed the levels of the same immune responses induced by natural exposure supporting the view that, for subunit vaccines to achieve even partial efficacy in humans, "unnatural immunity" comprising immune responses of very high magnitude will need to be induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Ewer
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Kailan Sierra-Davidson
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; Vaccine Research Center (VRC), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Ahmed M Salman
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | | | - Simon J Draper
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sumi Biswas
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Adrian V S Hill
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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27
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Sedegah M, Hollingdale MR, Farooq F, Ganeshan H, Belmonte M, Huang J, Abot E, Limbach K, Chuang I, Tamminga C, Epstein JE, Villasante E. Controlled Human Malaria Infection (CHMI) differentially affects cell-mediated and antibody responses to CSP and AMA1 induced by adenovirus vaccines with and without DNA-priming. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 11:2705-15. [PMID: 26292027 PMCID: PMC4685686 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1019186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that a DNA-prime followed by an adenovirus-5 boost vaccine containing CSP and AMA1 (DNA/Ad) successfully protected 4 of 15 subjects to controlled human malaria infection (CHMI). However, the adenovirus-5 vaccine alone (AdCA) failed to induce protection despite eliciting cellular responses that were often higher than those induced by DNA/Ad. Here we determined the effect of CHMI on pre-CHMI cellular and antibody responses against CSP and AMA1 expressed as fold-changes in activities. Generally, in the DNA/Ad trial, CHMI caused pre-CHMI ELISpot IFN-γ and CD8+ T cell IFN-γ responses of the protected subjects to fall but among non-protected subjects, CHMI caused rises of pre-CHMI ELISpot IFN-γ but falls of CD8+ T cell IFN-γ responses. In contrast in the AdCA trial, CHMI caused both pre-CHMI ELISpot IFN-γ and CD8+ T cell IFN-γ responses of the AdCA subjects to fall. We suggest that the falls in activities are due to migration of peripheral CD8+ T cells to the liver in response to developing liver stage parasites, and this fall, in the DNA/Ad trial, is masked in ELISpot responses of the non-protected subjects by rises in other immune cell types. In addition, CHMI caused falls in antibody activities of protected subjects, but rises in non-protected subjects in both trials to CSP, and dramatically in the AdCA trial to AMA1, reaching 380 μg/ml that is probably due to boosting by transient blood stage infection before chloroquine treatment. Taken together, these results further define differences in cellular responses between DNA/Ad and AdCA trials, and suggest that natural transmission may boost responses induced by these malaria vaccines especially when protection is not achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Sedegah
- a Naval Medical Research Center ; Silver Spring , MD USA
| | | | - Fouzia Farooq
- a Naval Medical Research Center ; Silver Spring , MD USA
| | | | - Maria Belmonte
- a Naval Medical Research Center ; Silver Spring , MD USA
| | - Jun Huang
- a Naval Medical Research Center ; Silver Spring , MD USA
| | - Esteban Abot
- a Naval Medical Research Center ; Silver Spring , MD USA
| | - Keith Limbach
- a Naval Medical Research Center ; Silver Spring , MD USA
| | - Ilin Chuang
- a Naval Medical Research Center ; Silver Spring , MD USA
| | - Cindy Tamminga
- a Naval Medical Research Center ; Silver Spring , MD USA
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28
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Patarroyo ME, Bermúdez A, Alba MP, Vanegas M, Moreno-Vranich A, Poloche LA, Patarroyo MA. IMPIPS: the immune protection-inducing protein structure concept in the search for steric-electron and topochemical principles for complete fully-protective chemically synthesised vaccine development. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123249. [PMID: 25879751 PMCID: PMC4400017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining immune protection-inducing protein structures (IMPIPS) involves defining the stereo-electron and topochemical characteristics which are essential in MHC-p-TCR complex formation. Modified high activity binding peptides (mHABP) were thus synthesised to produce a large panel of IMPIPS measuring 26.5 ±3.5Å between the farthest atoms fitting into Pockets 1 to 9 of HLA-DRβ1* structures. They displayed a polyproline II-like (PPIIL) structure with their backbone O and N atoms orientated to establish H-bonds with specific residues from HLA-DRβ1*-peptide binding regions (PBR). Residues having specific charge and gauche+ orientation regarding p3χ1, p5χ2, and p7χ1 angles determined appropriate rotamer orientation for perfectly fitting into the TCR to induce an appropriate immune response. Immunological assays in Aotus monkeys involving IMPIPS mixtures led to promising results; taken together with the aforementioned physicochemical principles, non-interfering, long-lasting, protection-inducing, multi-epitope, multistage, minimal subunit-based chemically-synthesised peptides can be designed against diseases scourging humankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Elkin Patarroyo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- * E-mail:
| | - Adriana Bermúdez
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Martha Patricia Alba
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Magnolia Vanegas
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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29
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Abstract
The development of a highly effective malaria vaccine remains a key goal to aid in the control and eventual eradication of this devastating parasitic disease. The field has made huge strides in recent years, with the first-generation vaccine RTS,S showing modest efficacy in a Phase III clinical trial. The updated 2030 Malaria Vaccine Technology Roadmap calls for a second generation vaccine to achieve 75% efficacy over two years for both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, and for a vaccine that can prevent malaria transmission. Whole-parasite immunisation approaches and combinations of pre-erythrocytic subunit vaccines are now reporting high-level efficacy, whilst exciting new approaches to the development of blood-stage and transmission-blocking vaccine subunit components are entering clinical development. The development of a highly effective multi-component multi-stage subunit vaccine now appears to be a realistic ambition. This review will cover these recent developments in malaria vaccinology.
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The sero-prevalence of anti-adenovirus 5 neutralizing antibodies is independent of a chronic hepatitis B carrier state in China. Arch Virol 2015; 160:1125-30. [PMID: 25616844 PMCID: PMC4369289 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies (NA) to human Adenovirus (Ad) 5 both in healthy subjects (HS) and Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) patients in Shanghai. Detection of anti-Ad5 NA (percentage of detection and titers) was similar between HS and CHB patients. A high percentage of subjects harbored no detectable antibodies (32.2 %) while proportion of subjects displaying very high antibody titers was low (4 %). Neither demographic factors (gender, age, health) nor AST/ALT or HBV circulating DNA titers affected detection of Ad5-specific NA. These observations pave the ground for development of Ad5-based immunotherapeutics aiming at treating CHB patients in China.
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Pereira IR, Vilar-Pereira G, Marques V, da Silva AA, Caetano B, Moreira OC, Machado AV, Bruna-Romero O, Rodrigues MM, Gazzinelli RT, Lannes-Vieira J. A human type 5 adenovirus-based Trypanosoma cruzi therapeutic vaccine re-programs immune response and reverses chronic cardiomyopathy. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004594. [PMID: 25617628 PMCID: PMC4305326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD), caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a prototypical neglected tropical disease. Specific immunity promotes acute phase survival. Nevertheless, one-third of CD patients develop chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) associated with parasite persistence and immunological unbalance. Currently, the therapeutic management of patients only mitigates CCC symptoms. Therefore, a vaccine arises as an alternative to stimulate protective immunity and thereby prevent, delay progression and even reverse CCC. We examined this hypothesis by vaccinating mice with replication-defective human Type 5 recombinant adenoviruses (rAd) carrying sequences of amastigote surface protein-2 (rAdASP2) and trans-sialidase (rAdTS) T. cruzi antigens. For prophylactic vaccination, naïve C57BL/6 mice were immunized with rAdASP2+rAdTS (rAdVax) using a homologous prime/boost protocol before challenge with the Colombian strain. For therapeutic vaccination, rAdVax administration was initiated at 120 days post-infection (dpi), when mice were afflicted by CCC. Mice were analyzed for electrical abnormalities, immune response and cardiac parasitism and tissue damage. Prophylactic immunization with rAdVax induced antibodies and H-2Kb-restricted cytotoxic and interferon (IFN)γ-producing CD8+ T-cells, reduced acute heart parasitism and electrical abnormalities in the chronic phase. Therapeutic vaccination increased survival and reduced electrical abnormalities after the prime (analysis at 160 dpi) and the boost (analysis at 180 and 230 dpi). Post-therapy mice exhibited less heart injury and electrical abnormalities compared with pre-therapy mice. rAdVax therapeutic vaccination preserved specific IFNγ-mediated immunity but reduced the response to polyclonal stimuli (anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28), CD107a+ CD8+ T-cell frequency and plasma nitric oxide (NO) levels. Moreover, therapeutic rAdVax reshaped immunity in the heart tissue as reduced the number of perforin+ cells, preserved the number of IFNγ+ cells, increased the expression of IFNγ mRNA but reduced inducible NO synthase mRNA. Vaccine-based immunostimulation with rAd might offer a rational alternative for re-programming the immune response to preserve and, moreover, recover tissue injury in Chagas’ heart disease. The idea that Chagas disease (CD) has an important autoimmune involvement contributed to delay the development of therapies and vaccines. CD is a parasitic neglected disease which afflicts millions of people mostly in Latin America. The cardiac form is the main clinical manifestation of CD. Currently, patients with access to therapy receive medicaments that only mitigate symptoms. Because of the limited prospect of treatment, vaccine reemerged as a strategy to prevent infection, interfere with CD progression and, moreover, reverse heart abnormalities. Here we tested a recombinant adenovirus carrying sequences of ASP2 and TS T. cruzi antigens (rAdVax) as prophylactic and therapeutic tool using a model of chronic Chagas’ heart disease. We showed that prophylactic vaccination reduced heart parasite load, inflammation and electrical abnormalities. The rAdVax therapeutic vaccination also reduced heart injury and improved electrical function, preserved specific IFNγ-mediated immunity but reduced response to polyclonal stimuli, CD107a+ CD8+ T-cell frequency and plasma nitric oxide levels. Moreover, therapeutic rAdVax preserved the number IFNγ+ cells, but decreased perforin+ cells in the heart tissue. Therefore, our results support the hypothesis that vaccination can modify the immunological unbalance that concurs to Chagas’ heart disease to improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Resende Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Vilar-Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Virgínia Marques
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Alice da Silva
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bráulia Caetano
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Otacilio Cruz Moreira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Vieira Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Oscar Bruna-Romero
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Maurício Martins Rodrigues
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseli Lannes-Vieira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Appaiahgari MB, Vrati S. Adenoviruses as gene/vaccine delivery vectors: promises and pitfalls. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 15:337-51. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.993374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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A phase Ia study to assess the safety and immunogenicity of new malaria vaccine candidates ChAd63 CS administered alone and with MVA CS. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115161. [PMID: 25522180 PMCID: PMC4270740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) malaria remains a significant cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Development of an effective vaccine would be a key intervention to reduce the considerable social and economic impact of malaria. Methodology We conducted a Phase Ia, non-randomized, clinical trial in 24 healthy, malaria-naïve adults of the chimpanzee adenovirus 63 (ChAd63) and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) replication-deficient viral vectored vaccines encoding the circumsporozoite protein (CS) of P. falciparum. Results ChAd63-MVA CS administered in a heterologous prime-boost regime was shown to be safe and immunogenic, inducing high-level T cell responses to CS. With a priming ChAd63 CS dose of 5×109 vp responses peaked at a mean of 1947 SFC/million PBMC (median 1524) measured by ELIspot 7 days after the MVA boost and showed a mixed CD4+/CD8+ phenotype. With a higher priming dose of ChAd63 CS dose 5×1010 vp T cell responses did not increase (mean 1659 SFC/million PBMC, median 1049). Serum IgG responses to CS were modest and peaked at day 14 post ChAd63 CS (median antibody concentration for all groups at day 14 of 1.3 µg/ml (range 0–11.9), but persisted throughout late follow-up (day 140 median antibody concentration groups 1B & 2B 0.9 µg/ml (range 0–4.7). Conclusions ChAd63-MVA is a safe and highly immunogenic delivery platform for the CS antigen in humans which warrants efficacy testing. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01450280
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Protective CD8+ T-cell immunity to human malaria induced by chimpanzee adenovirus-MVA immunisation. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2836. [PMID: 24284865 PMCID: PMC3868203 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells offers the prospect of immunization against many infectious diseases, but no subunit vaccine has induced CD8(+) T cells that correlate with efficacy in humans. Here we demonstrate that a replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus vector followed by a modified vaccinia virus Ankara booster induces exceptionally high frequency T-cell responses (median >2400 SFC/10(6) peripheral blood mononuclear cells) to the liver-stage Plasmodium falciparum malaria antigen ME-TRAP. It induces sterile protective efficacy against heterologous strain sporozoites in three vaccinees (3/14, 21%), and delays time to patency through substantial reduction of liver-stage parasite burden in five more (5/14, 36%), P=0.008 compared with controls. The frequency of monofunctional interferon-γ-producing CD8(+) T cells, but not antibodies, correlates with sterile protection and delay in time to patency (P(corrected)=0.005). Vaccine-induced CD8(+) T cells provide protection against human malaria, suggesting that a major limitation of previous vaccination approaches has been the insufficient magnitude of induced T cells.
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Sarwar UN, Novik L, Enama ME, Plummer SA, Koup RA, Nason MC, Bailer RT, McDermott AB, Roederer M, Mascola JR, Ledgerwood JE, Graham BS. Homologous boosting with adenoviral serotype 5 HIV vaccine (rAd5) vector can boost antibody responses despite preexisting vector-specific immunity in a randomized phase I clinical trial. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106240. [PMID: 25264782 PMCID: PMC4179264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Needle-free delivery improves the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines but is also associated with more local reactogenicity. Here we report the first comparison of Biojector and needle administration of a candidate rAd5 HIV vaccine. Methods Thirty-one adults, 18–55 years, 20 naive and 11 prior rAd5 vaccine recipients were randomized to receive single rAd5 vaccine via needle or Biojector IM injection at 1010 PU in a Phase I open label clinical trial. Solicited reactogenicity was collected for 5 days; clinical safety and immunogenicity follow-up was continued for 24 weeks. Results Overall, injections by either method were well tolerated. There were no serious adverse events. Frequency of any local reactogenicity was 16/16 (100%) for Biojector compared to 11/15 (73%) for needle injections. There was no difference in HIV Env-specific antibody response between Biojector and needle delivery. Env-specific antibody responses were more than 10-fold higher in subjects receiving a booster dose of rAd5 vaccine than after a single dose delivered by either method regardless of interval between prime and boost. Conclusions Biojector delivery did not improve antibody responses to the rAd5 vaccine compared to needle administration. Homologous boosting with rAd5 gene-based vectors can boost insert-specific antibody responses despite pre-existing vector-specific immunity. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00709605 NCT00709605
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma N. Sarwar
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Laura Novik
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Mary E. Enama
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Sarah A. Plummer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Martha C. Nason
- Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Robert T. Bailer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Adrian B. McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Julie E. Ledgerwood
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Barney S. Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sedegah M, Hollingdale MR, Farooq F, Ganeshan H, Belmonte M, Kim Y, Peters B, Sette A, Huang J, McGrath S, Abot E, Limbach K, Shi M, Soisson L, Diggs C, Chuang I, Tamminga C, Epstein JE, Villasante E, Richie TL. Sterile immunity to malaria after DNA prime/adenovirus boost immunization is associated with effector memory CD8+T cells targeting AMA1 class I epitopes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106241. [PMID: 25211344 PMCID: PMC4161338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fifteen volunteers were immunized with three doses of plasmid DNA encoding P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA1) and boosted with human adenovirus-5 (Ad) expressing the same antigens (DNA/Ad). Four volunteers (27%) demonstrated sterile immunity to controlled human malaria infection and, overall, protection was statistically significantly associated with ELISpot and CD8+ T cell IFN-γ activities to AMA1 but not CSP. DNA priming was required for protection, as 18 additional subjects immunized with Ad alone (AdCA) did not develop sterile protection. Methodology/Principal Findings We sought to identify correlates of protection, recognizing that DNA-priming may induce different responses than AdCA alone. Among protected volunteers, two and three had higher ELISpot and CD8+ T cell IFN-γ responses to CSP and AMA1, respectively, than non-protected volunteers. Unexpectedly, non-protected volunteers in the AdCA trial showed ELISpot and CD8+ T cell IFN-γ responses to AMA1 equal to or higher than the protected volunteers. T cell functionality assessed by intracellular cytokine staining for IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 likewise did not distinguish protected from non-protected volunteers across both trials. However, three of the four protected volunteers showed higher effector to central memory CD8+ T cell ratios to AMA1, and one of these to CSP, than non-protected volunteers for both antigens. These responses were focused on discrete regions of CSP and AMA1. Class I epitopes restricted by A*03 or B*58 supertypes within these regions of AMA1 strongly recalled responses in three of four protected volunteers. We hypothesize that vaccine-induced effector memory CD8+ T cells recognizing a single class I epitope can confer sterile immunity to P. falciparum in humans. Conclusions/Significance We suggest that better understanding of which epitopes within malaria antigens can confer sterile immunity and design of vaccine approaches that elicit responses to these epitopes will increase the potency of next generation gene-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Sedegah
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael R. Hollingdale
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Fouzia Farooq
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Harini Ganeshan
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maria Belmonte
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yohan Kim
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jun Huang
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shannon McGrath
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Esteban Abot
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Keith Limbach
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Meng Shi
- Division of Medical, Audio, Visual, Library and Statistical Services, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | | | - Ilin Chuang
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cindy Tamminga
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Judith E. Epstein
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eileen Villasante
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas L. Richie
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
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Ondondo BO. The influence of delivery vectors on HIV vaccine efficacy. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:439. [PMID: 25202303 PMCID: PMC4141443 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of an effective HIV/AIDS vaccine remains a big challenge, largely due to the enormous HIV diversity which propels immune escape. Thus novel vaccine strategies are targeting multiple variants of conserved antibody and T cell epitopic regions which would incur a huge fitness cost to the virus in the event of mutational escape. Besides immunogen design, the delivery modality is critical for vaccine potency and efficacy, and should be carefully selected in order to not only maximize transgene expression, but to also enhance the immuno-stimulatory potential to activate innate and adaptive immune systems. To date, five HIV vaccine candidates have been evaluated for efficacy and protection from acquisition was only achieved in a small proportion of vaccinees in the RV144 study which used a canarypox vector for delivery. Conversely, in the STEP study (HVTN 502) where human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) was used, strong immune responses were induced but vaccination was more associated with increased risk of HIV acquisition than protection in vaccinees with pre-existing Ad5 immunity. The possibility that pre-existing immunity to a highly promising delivery vector may alter the natural course of HIV to increase acquisition risk is quite worrisome and a huge setback for HIV vaccine development. Thus, HIV vaccine development efforts are now geared toward delivery platforms which attain superior immunogenicity while concurrently limiting potential catastrophic effects likely to arise from pre-existing immunity or vector-related immuno-modulation. However, it still remains unclear whether it is poor immunogenicity of HIV antigens or substandard immunological potency of the safer delivery vectors that has limited the success of HIV vaccines. This article discusses some of the promising delivery vectors to be harnessed for improved HIV vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice O Ondondo
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
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Smaill F, Jeyanathan M, Smieja M, Medina MF, Thanthrige-Don N, Zganiacz A, Yin C, Heriazon A, Damjanovic D, Puri L, Hamid J, Xie F, Foley R, Bramson J, Gauldie J, Xing Z. A human type 5 adenovirus-based tuberculosis vaccine induces robust T cell responses in humans despite preexisting anti-adenovirus immunity. Sci Transl Med 2014; 5:205ra134. [PMID: 24089406 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop new tuberculosis (TB) vaccines to safely and effectively boost Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-triggered T cell immunity in humans. AdHu5Ag85A is a recombinant human type 5 adenovirus (AdHu5)-based TB vaccine with demonstrated efficacy in a number of animal species, yet it remains to be translated to human applications. In this phase 1 study, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of AdHu5Ag85A in both BCG-naïve and previously BCG-immunized healthy adults. Intramuscular immunization of AdHu5Ag85A was safe and well tolerated in both trial volunteer groups. Moreover, although AdHu5Ag85A was immunogenic in both trial volunteer groups, it much more potently boosted polyfunctional CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell immunity in previously BCG-vaccinated volunteers. Furthermore, despite prevalent preexisting anti-AdHu5 humoral immunity in most of the trial volunteers, we found little evidence that such preexisting anti-AdHu5 immunity significantly dampened the potency of AdHu5Ag85A vaccine. This study supports further clinical investigations of the AdHu5Ag85A vaccine for human applications. It also suggests that the widely perceived negative effect of preexisting anti-AdHu5 immunity may not be universally applied to all AdHu5-based vaccines against different types of human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Smaill
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
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Boukhebza H, Dubois C, Koerper V, Evlachev A, Schlesinger Y, Menguy T, Silvestre N, Riedl P, Inchauspé G, Martin P. Comparative analysis of immunization schedules using a novel adenovirus-based immunotherapeutic targeting hepatitis B in naïve and tolerant mouse models. Vaccine 2014; 32:3256-63. [PMID: 24726690 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of active targeted immunotherapeutics is a rapid developing field in the arena of chronic infectious diseases. The question of repeated, closely spaced administration of immunotherapeutics to achieve a rapid impact on the replicating agent is an important one. We analyzed here, using a prototype adenovirus-based immunotherapeutic encoding Core and Polymerase from the hepatitis B virus (Ad-HBV), the influence of closely spaced repeated immunizations on the level and quality of induced HBV-specific and vector-specific immune responses in various mouse models. Ad-HBV, whether injected once or multiple times, was able to induce HBV- and adeno-specific T cells both in HBV-free mice and in a HBV tolerant mouse model. Adenovirus-specific T cell responses and titers of neutralizing anti-Ad5 antibodies increased from time of the 3rd injection. Interestingly, single or multiple Ad-HBV injections resulted in detection of Polymerase-specific functional T cells in HBV tolerant mice. Overall no modulation of the levels of HBV-specific cytokine-producing (IFNγ/TNFα) and cytolytic T cells was observed following repeated administrations (3 or 6 weekly injections) when compared with levels detected after a single injection with the exception of two markers: 1. the proportion of HBV-specific IFNγ-producing cells bearing the CD27+/CD43+ phenotype appeared to be sustained in C57BL/6J mice following 6 weekly injections; 2. the percentage of IFNγ/TNFα Core-specific producing cells observed in spleens of HLA-A2 mice as well as of that specific of Polymerase observed in livers of HBV tolerant mice was maintained. In addition, percentage of HBV-specific T cells expressing PD-1 was not increased by multiple injections. Overall these data show that, under experimental conditions used, rapid, closely spaced administrations of an adenovirus-based HBV immunotherapeutics does not inhibit induced T-cell responses including in a HBV-tolerant environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Boukhebza
- TRANSGENE SA, 321 Avenue Jean Jaures, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
| | - Clarisse Dubois
- TRANSGENE SA, 321 Avenue Jean Jaures, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
| | - Véronique Koerper
- TRANSGENE SA, Boulevard Gonthier d'Andernach, 67405 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Alexei Evlachev
- TRANSGENE SA, 321 Avenue Jean Jaures, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
| | - Yasmine Schlesinger
- TRANSGENE SA, Boulevard Gonthier d'Andernach, 67405 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Thierry Menguy
- TRANSGENE SA, Boulevard Gonthier d'Andernach, 67405 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Nathalie Silvestre
- TRANSGENE SA, Boulevard Gonthier d'Andernach, 67405 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Petra Riedl
- ULM University, Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Perrine Martin
- TRANSGENE SA, 321 Avenue Jean Jaures, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France.
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de Cassan SC, Draper SJ. Recent advances in antibody-inducing poxviral and adenoviral vectored vaccine delivery platforms for difficult disease targets. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 12:365-78. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.13.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Immunogenicity of a prime-boost vaccine containing the circumsporozoite proteins of Plasmodium vivax in rodents. Infect Immun 2013; 82:793-807. [PMID: 24478093 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01410-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is the most widespread and the second most prevalent malaria-causing species in the world. Current measures used to control the transmission of this disease would benefit from the development of an efficacious vaccine. In the case of the deadly parasite P. falciparum, the recombinant RTS,S vaccine containing the circumsporozoite antigen (CSP) consistently protects 30 to 50% of human volunteers against infection and is undergoing phase III clinical trials in Africa with similar efficacy. These findings encouraged us to develop a P. vivax vaccine containing the three circulating allelic forms of P. vivax CSP. Toward this goal, we generated three recombinant bacterial proteins representing the CSP alleles, as well as a hybrid polypeptide called PvCSP-All-CSP-epitopes. This hybrid contains the conserved N and C termini of P. vivax CSP and the three variant repeat domains in tandem. We also generated simian and human recombinant replication-defective adenovirus vectors expressing PvCSP-All-CSP-epitopes. Mice immunized with the mixture of recombinant proteins in a formulation containing the adjuvant poly(I·C) developed high and long-lasting serum IgG titers comparable to those elicited by proteins emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. Antibody titers were similar in mice immunized with homologous (protein-protein) and heterologous (adenovirus-protein) vaccine regimens. The antibodies recognized the three allelic forms of CSP, reacted to the repeated and nonrepeated regions of CSP, and recognized sporozoites expressing the alleles VK210 and VK247. The vaccine formulations described in this work should be useful for the further development of an anti-P. vivax vaccine.
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Schwenk R, Banania G, Epstein J, Kim Y, Peters B, Belmonte M, Ganeshan H, Huang J, Reyes S, Stryhn A, Ockenhouse CF, Buus S, Richie TL, Sedegah M. Ex vivo tetramer staining and cell surface phenotyping for early activation markers CD38 and HLA-DR to enumerate and characterize malaria antigen-specific CD8+ T-cells induced in human volunteers immunized with a Plasmodium falciparum adenovirus-vectored malaria vaccine expressing AMA1. Malar J 2013; 12:376. [PMID: 24168370 PMCID: PMC3819688 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria is responsible for up to a 600,000 deaths per year; conveying an urgent need for the development of a malaria vaccine. Studies with whole sporozoite vaccines in mice and non-human primates have shown that sporozoite-induced CD8+ T cells targeting liver stage antigens can mediate sterile protection. There is a need for a direct method to identify and phenotype malaria vaccine-induced CD8+ T cells in humans. Methods Fluorochrome-labelled tetramers consisting of appropriate MHC class I molecules in complex with predicted binding peptides derived from Plasmodium falciparum AMA-1 were used to label ex vivo AMA-1 epitope specific CD8+ T cells from research subjects responding strongly to immunization with the NMRC-M3V-Ad-PfCA (adenovirus-vectored) malaria vaccine. The identification of these CD8+ T cells on the basis of their expression of early activation markers was also investigated. Results Analyses by flow cytometry demonstrated that two of the six tetramers tested: TLDEMRHFY: HLA-A*01:01 and NEVVVKEEY: HLA-B*18:01, labelled tetramer-specific CD8+ T cells from two HLA-A*01:01 volunteers and one HLA-B*18:01 volunteer, respectively. By contrast, post-immune CD8+ T cells from all six of the immunized volunteers exhibited enhanced expression of the CD38 and HLA-DRhi early activation markers. For the three volunteers with positive tetramer staining, the early activation phenotype positive cells included essentially all of the tetramer positive, malaria epitope- specific CD8+ T cells suggesting that the early activation phenotype could identify all malaria vaccine-induced CD8+ T cells without prior knowledge of their exact epitope specificity. Conclusions The results demonstrated that class I tetramers can identify ex vivo malaria vaccine antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and could therefore be used to determine their frequency, cell surface phenotype and transcription factor usage. The results also demonstrated that vaccine antigen-specific CD8+ T cells could be identified by activation markers without prior knowledge of their antigen-specificity, using a subunit vaccine for proof-of-concept. Whether, whole parasite or adjuvanted protein vaccines will also induce {CD38 and HLA-DRhi}+ CD8+ T cell populations reflective of the antigen-specific response will the subject of future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Martha Sedegah
- Malaria Department, Infectious Disease Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
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Padte NN, Boente-Carrera M, Andrews CD, McManus J, Grasperge BF, Gettie A, Coelho-dos-Reis JG, Li X, Wu D, Bruder JT, Sedegah M, Patterson N, Richie TL, Wong CH, Ho DD, Vasan S, Tsuji M. A glycolipid adjuvant, 7DW8-5, enhances CD8+ T cell responses induced by an adenovirus-vectored malaria vaccine in non-human primates. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78407. [PMID: 24205224 PMCID: PMC3808339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A key strategy to a successful vaccine against malaria is to identify and develop new adjuvants that can enhance T-cell responses and improve protective immunity. Upon co-administration with a rodent malaria vaccine in mice, 7DW8-5, a recently identified novel analog of α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), enhances the level of malaria-specific protective immune responses more strongly than the parent compound. In this study, we sought to determine whether 7DW8-5 could provide a similar potent adjuvant effect on a candidate human malaria vaccine in the more relevant non-human primate (NHP) model, prior to committing to clinical development. The candidate human malaria vaccine, AdPfCA (NMRC-M3V-Ad-PfCA), consists of two non-replicating recombinant adenoviral (Ad) vectors, one expressing the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and another expressing the apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA1) of Plasmodium falciparum. In several phase 1 clinical trials, AdPfCA was well tolerated and demonstrated immunogenicity for both humoral and cell-mediated responses. In the study described herein, 25 rhesus macaques received prime and boost intramuscular (IM) immunizations of AdPfCA alone or with an ascending dose of 7DW8-5. Our results indicate that 7DW8-5 is safe and well-tolerated and provides a significant enhancement (up to 9-fold) in malaria-specific CD8+ T-cell responses after both priming and boosting phases, supporting further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal N. Padte
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mar Boente-Carrera
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Chasity D. Andrews
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jenny McManus
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Brooke F. Grasperge
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Medical Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Agegnehu Gettie
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Medical Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jordana G. Coelho-dos-Reis
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Xiangming Li
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Douglass Wu
- Department of Chemistry, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph T. Bruder
- Research, GenVec, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Martha Sedegah
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Noelle Patterson
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas L. Richie
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - David D. Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SV); (MT)
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SV); (MT)
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Capone S, D'Alise AM, Ammendola V, Colloca S, Cortese R, Nicosia A, Folgori A. Development of chimpanzee adenoviruses as vaccine vectors: challenges and successes emerging from clinical trials. Expert Rev Vaccines 2013; 12:379-93. [PMID: 23560919 DOI: 10.1586/erv.13.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Replication-defective chimpanzee adenovirus vectors are emerging as a promising new class of genetic vaccine carriers. Chimpanzee adenovirus vectors have now reached the clinical stage and appear to be endowed with all the properties needed for human vaccine development, including high quality and magnitude of the immune response induced against the encoded antigens, good safety and ease of manufacturing on a large-scale basis. Here the authors review the recent findings of this novel class of adenovirus vectors and compare their properties to other clinical stage vaccine vectors derived from poxvirus, alphavirus and human adenovirus.
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Creech CB, Dekker CL, Ho D, Phillips S, Mackey S, Murray-Krezan C, Grazia Pau M, Hendriks J, Brown V, Dally LG, Versteege I, Edwards KM. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial to assess the safety and immunogenicity of an adenovirus type 35-based circumsporozoite malaria vaccine in healthy adults. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:2548-57. [PMID: 23955431 DOI: 10.4161/hv.26038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria results in over 650,000 deaths each year; thus, there is an urgent need for an effective vaccine. Pre-clinical studies and recently reported human trials suggest that pre-erythrocytic stage vaccines can provide protection against infection. A Phase 1, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study was conducted with a vaccine composed of a replication-deficient adenovirus-35 backbone with P. falciparum circumsporozoite (CS) surface antigen (Ad35.CS.01). Healthy adult subjects received three doses of 10 (8), 10 (9), 10 (10), or 10 (11) vp/mL Ad35.CS.01 vaccine or saline placebo intramuscularly at 0, 1, and 6-mo intervals. Adverse events were assessed and anti-CS antibody responses were determined by ELISA. Seventy-two individuals were enrolled, with age, gender, and ethnicity similar across each study arm. While the vaccine was generally well tolerated, adverse events were more frequent in the highest dose groups (10 (10) and 10 (11) vp/mL). More robust humoral responses were also noted at the highest doses, with 73% developing a positive ELISA response after the three dose series of 10 (11) vp/mL. The Ad35.CS.01 vaccine was most immunogenic at the highest dosages (10 (10) and 10 (11) vp/mL). Reactogenicity findings were more common after the 10 (11) vp/mL dose, although most were mild or moderate in nature and resolved without therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Buddy Creech
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program; Department of Pediatrics; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Cornelia L Dekker
- Stanford-LPCH Vaccine Program, Department of Pediatrics-Infectious Diseases; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA USA
| | - Dora Ho
- Stanford-LPCH Vaccine Program, Department of Pediatrics-Infectious Diseases; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA USA
| | - Shanda Phillips
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program; Department of Pediatrics; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Sally Mackey
- Stanford-LPCH Vaccine Program, Department of Pediatrics-Infectious Diseases; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA USA
| | - Cristina Murray-Krezan
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Preventive Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine; University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center; Albuquerque, NM USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kathryn M Edwards
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program; Department of Pediatrics; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Nashville, TN USA
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Protective efficacy of baculovirus dual expression system vaccine expressing Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70819. [PMID: 23951015 PMCID: PMC3741388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously developed a new malaria vaccine delivery system based on the baculovirus dual expression system (BDES). In this system, expression of malaria antigens is driven by a dual promoter consisting of the baculovirus-derived polyhedrin and mammal-derived cytomegalovirus promoters. To test this system for its potential as a vaccine against human malaria parasites, we investigated immune responses against the newly developed BDES-based Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein vaccines (BDES-PfCSP) in mice and Rhesus monkeys. Immunization of mice with BDES-PfCSP induced Th1/Th2-mixed type immune responses with high PfCSP-specific antibody (Ab) titers, and provided significant protection against challenge from the bites of mosquitoes infected with a transgenic P. berghei line expressing PfCSP. Next, we evaluated the immunogenicity of the BDES-PfCSP vaccine in a rhesus monkey model. Immunization of BDES-PfCSP elicited high levels of anti-PfCSP Ab responses in individual monkeys. Moreover, the sera from the immunized monkeys remarkably blocked sporozoite invasion of HepG2 cells. Taken together with two animal models, our results indicate that this novel vaccine platform (BDES) has potential clinical application as a vaccine against malaria.
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Baldwin SL, Ching LK, Pine SO, Moutaftsi M, Lucas E, Vallur A, Orr MT, Bertholet S, Reed SG, Coler RN. Protection against tuberculosis with homologous or heterologous protein/vector vaccine approaches is not dependent on CD8+ T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:2514-2525. [PMID: 23904160 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Considerable effort has been directed to develop Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccines to boost bacille Calmette-Guérin or for those who cannot be immunized with bacille Calmette-Guérin. We hypothesized that CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses with a heterologous prime/boost vaccine approach could induce long-lived vaccine efficacy against M. tuberculosis in C57BL/6 mice. We produced an adenovirus vector expressing ID93 (Ad5-ID93) for induction of CD8 T cells to use with our candidate tuberculosis vaccine, ID93/glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA)-stable emulsion (SE), which induces potent Th1 CD4 T cells. Ad5-ID93 generates ID93-specific CD8(+) T cell responses and induces protection against M. tuberculosis. When Ad5-ID93 is administered in a prime-boost strategy with ID93/GLA-SE, both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells are generated and provide protection against M. tuberculosis. In a MHC class I-deficient mouse model, all groups including the Ad5-ID93 group elicited an Ag-specific CD4(+) T cell response and significantly fewer Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells, but were still protected against M. tuberculosis, suggesting that CD4(+) Th1 T cells could compensate for the loss of CD8(+) T cells. Lastly, the order of the heterologous immunizations was critical. Long-lived vaccine protection was observed only when Ad5-ID93 was given as the boost following an ID93/GLA-SE prime. The homologous ID93/GLA-SE prime/boost regimen also induced long-lived protection. One of the correlates of protection between these two approaches was an increase in the total number of ID93-specific IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) T cells 6 mo following the last immunization. Our findings provide insight into the development of vaccines not only for tuberculosis, but other diseases requiring T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Baldwin
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, USA 98102
| | - Lance K Ching
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, USA 98102
| | - Samuel O Pine
- Allergan, Inc. 2525 Dupont Dr., Irvine, CA USA 92612
| | - Magdalini Moutaftsi
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, USA 98102
| | - Elyse Lucas
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, USA 98102
| | - Aarthy Vallur
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, USA 98102
| | - Mark T Orr
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, USA 98102
| | | | - Steven G Reed
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, USA 98102.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 98195.,Immune Design Corp., 1124 Columbia Street, Suite 700, Seattle, WA, USA 98104
| | - Rhea N Coler
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, USA 98102.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 98195
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Identification of a suppressor mutation that improves the yields of hexon-modified adenovirus vectors. J Virol 2013; 87:9661-71. [PMID: 23824800 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00462-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have generated hexon-modified adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vectors that are not neutralized by Ad5-specific neutralizing antibodies in mice. These vectors are attractive for the advancement of vaccine products because of their potential for inducing robust antigen-specific immune responses in people with prior exposure to Ad5. However, hexon-modified Ad5 vectors displayed an approximate 10-fold growth defect in complementing cells, making potential vaccine costs unacceptably high. Replacing hypervariable regions (HVRs) 1, 2, 4, and 5 with the equivalent HVRs from Ad43 was sufficient to avoid Ad5 preexisting immunity and retain full vaccine potential. However, the resulting vector displayed the same growth defect as the hexon-modified vector carrying all 9 HVRs from Ad43. The growth defect is likely due to a defect in capsid assembly, since DNA replication and late protein accumulation were normal in these vectors. We determined that the hexon-modified vectors have a 32°C cold-sensitive phenotype and selected revertants that restored vector productivity. Genome sequencing identified a single base change resulting in a threonine-to-methionine amino acid substitution at the position equivalent to residue 342 of the wild-type protein. This mutation has a suppressor phenotype (SP), since cloning it into our Ad5 vector containing all nine hypervariable regions from Ad43, Ad5.H(43m-43), increased yields over the version without the SP mutation. This growth improvement was also shown for an Ad5-based hexon-modified vector that carried the hexon hypervariable regions of Ad48, indicating that the SP mutation may have broad applicability for improving the productivity of different hexon-modified vectors.
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Sedegah M, Kim Y, Ganeshan H, Huang J, Belmonte M, Abot E, Banania JG, Farooq F, McGrath S, Peters B, Sette A, Soisson L, Diggs C, Doolan DL, Tamminga C, Villasante E, Hollingdale MR, Richie TL. Identification of minimal human MHC-restricted CD8+ T-cell epitopes within the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP). Malar J 2013; 12:185. [PMID: 23738590 PMCID: PMC3683343 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is a leading malaria vaccine candidate antigen, known to elicit protective antibody responses in humans (RTS,S vaccine). Recently, a DNA prime / adenovirus (Ad) vector boost vaccine encoding CSP and a second P. falciparum antigen, apical membrane antigen-1, also elicited sterile protection, but in this case associated with interferon gamma ELISpot and CD8+ T cell but not antibody responses. The finding that CSP delivered by an appropriate vaccine platform likely elicits protective cell-mediated immunity provided a rationale for identifying class I-restricted epitopes within this leading vaccine candidate antigen. Methods Limited samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from clinical trials of the Ad vaccine were used to identify CD8+ T cell epitopes within pools of overlapping 15mer peptides spanning portions of CSP that stimulated recall responses. Computerized algorithms (NetMHC) predicted 17 minimal class I-restricted 9-10mer epitopes within fifteen 15mers positive in ELISpot assay using PBMC from 10 HLA-matched study subjects. Four additional epitopes were subsequently predicted using NetMHC, matched to other study subjects without initial 15mer ELISpot screening. Nine of the putative epitopes were synthesized and tested by ELISpot assay, and six of these nine were further tested for CD8+ T cell responses by ELISpot CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-depletion and flow cytometry assays for evidence of CD8+ T cell dependence. Results Each of the nine putative epitopes, all sequence-conserved, recalled responses from HLA-matched CSP-immunized research subjects. Four shorter sequences contained within these sequences were identified using NetMHC predictions and may have contributed to recall responses. Five (9-10mer) epitopes were confirmed to be targets of CD8+ T cell responses using ELISpot depletion and ICS assays. Two 9mers among these nine epitopes were each restricted by two HLA supertypes (A01/B07; A01A24/A24) and one 9mer was restricted by three HLA supertypes (A01A24/A24/B27) indicating that some CSP class I-restricted epitopes, like DR epitopes, may be HLA-promiscuous. Conclusions This study identified nine and confirmed five novel class I epitopes restricted by six HLA supertypes, suggesting that an adenovirus-vectored CSP vaccine would be immunogenic and potentially protective in genetically diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Sedegah
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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Tamminga C, Sedegah M, Maiolatesi S, Fedders C, Reyes S, Reyes A, Vasquez C, Alcorta Y, Chuang I, Spring M, Kavanaugh M, Ganeshan H, Huang J, Belmonte M, Abot E, Belmonte A, Banania J, Farooq F, Murphy J, Komisar J, Richie NO, Bennett J, Limbach K, Patterson NB, Bruder JT, Shi M, Miller E, Dutta S, Diggs C, Soisson LA, Hollingdale MR, Epstein JE, Richie TL. Human adenovirus 5-vectored Plasmodium falciparum NMRC-M3V-Ad-PfCA vaccine encoding CSP and AMA1 is safe, well-tolerated and immunogenic but does not protect against controlled human malaria infection. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:2165-77. [PMID: 23899517 PMCID: PMC3906401 DOI: 10.4161/hv.24941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In a prior study, a DNA prime / adenovirus boost vaccine (DNA/Ad) expressing P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA1) (NMRC-M3V-D/Ad-PfCA Vaccine) induced 27% protection against controlled human malaria infection (CHMI). To investigate the contribution of DNA priming, we tested the efficacy of adenovirus vaccine alone (NMRC-M3V-Ad-PfCA ) in a Phase 1 clinical trial. Methodology/Principal Findings: The regimen was a single intramuscular injection with two non-replicating human serotype 5 adenovectors encoding CSP and AMA1, respectively. One x 1010 particle units of each construct were combined prior to administration. The regimen was safe and well-tolerated. Four weeks later, 18 study subjects received P. falciparum CHMI administered by mosquito bite. None were fully protected although one showed delayed onset of parasitemia. Antibody responses were low, with geometric mean CSP ELISA titer of 381 (range < 50–1626) and AMA1 ELISA of 4.95 µg/mL (range 0.2–38). Summed ex vivo IFN-γ ELISpot responses to overlapping peptides were robust, with geometric mean spot forming cells/million peripheral blood mononuclear cells [sfc/m] for CSP of 273 (range 38–2550) and for AMA1 of 1303 (range 435–4594). CD4+ and CD8+ T cell IFN-γ responses to CSP were positive by flow cytometry in 25% and 56% of the research subjects, respectively, and to AMA1 in 94% and 100%, respectively. Significance: In contrast to DNA/Ad, Ad alone did not protect against CHMI despite inducing broad, cell-mediated immunity, indicating that DNA priming is required for protection by the adenovirus-vectored vaccine. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00392015.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sharina Reyes
- Naval Medical Research Center; Silver Spring, MD USA
| | | | | | | | - Ilin Chuang
- Naval Medical Research Center; Silver Spring, MD USA
| | - Michele Spring
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences; Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Jun Huang
- Naval Medical Research Center; Silver Spring, MD USA
| | | | - Esteban Abot
- Naval Medical Research Center; Silver Spring, MD USA
| | | | | | - Fouzia Farooq
- Naval Medical Research Center; Silver Spring, MD USA
| | | | - Jack Komisar
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research; Silver Spring, MD USA
| | - Nancy O Richie
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research; Silver Spring, MD USA
| | - Jason Bennett
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research; Silver Spring, MD USA
| | - Keith Limbach
- Naval Medical Research Center; Silver Spring, MD USA
| | | | | | - Meng Shi
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research; Silver Spring, MD USA
| | | | - Sheetij Dutta
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research; Silver Spring, MD USA
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