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Vijayakumar Sreelatha H, Palekkodan H, Fasaludeen A, K. Krishnan L, Abelson KSP. Refinement of the motorised laminectomy-assisted rat spinal cord injury model by analgesic treatment. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294720. [PMID: 38227583 PMCID: PMC10790998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Usage and reporting of analgesia in animal models of spinal cord injury (SCI) have been sparse and requires proper attention. The majority of experimental SCI research uses rats as an animal model. This study aimed to probe into the effects of some commonly used regimens with NSAIDs and opioids on well-being of the rats as well as on the functional outcome of the model. This eight-week study used forty-two female Wistar rats (Crl: WI), randomly and equally divided into 6 treatment groups, viz. I) tramadol (5mg/kg) and buprenorphine (0.05mg/kg); II) carprofen (5mg/kg) and buprenorphine (0.05mg/kg); III) carprofen (5mg/kg); IV) meloxicam (1mg/kg) and buprenorphine (0.05mg/kg); V) meloxicam (1mg/kg); and VI) no analgesia (0.5 ml sterile saline). Buprenorphine was administered twice daily whereas other treatments were given once daily for five days post-operatively. Injections were given subcutaneously. All animals underwent dental burr-assisted laminectomy at the T10-T11 vertebra level. A custom-built calibrated spring-loaded 200 kilodynes force deliverer was used to induce severe SCI. Weekly body weight scores, Rat Grimace Scale (RGS), and dark-phase home cage activity were used as markers for well-being. Weekly Basso Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) scores served as markers for functionality together with Novel Object Recognition test (NOR) at week 8 and terminal histopathology using area of vacuolisation and live neuronal count from the ventral horns of spinal cord. It was concluded that the usage of analgesia improved animal wellbeing while having no effects on the functional aspects of the animal model in comparison to the animals that received no analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikrishnan Vijayakumar Sreelatha
- Department of Applied Biology, Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hamza Palekkodan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookot, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - Ansar Fasaludeen
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookot, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - Lissy K. Krishnan
- Biological Research and Innovation Wing, Dr. Moopen’s Medical College, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - Klas S. P. Abelson
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Fukuyama Y, Kubo M, Harada K. Neurotrophic Natural Products. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 123:1-473. [PMID: 38340248 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-42422-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT3, NT4) can decrease cell death, induce differentiation, as well as sustain the structure and function of neurons, which make them promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. However, neurotrophins have not been very effective in clinical trials mostly because they cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier owing to being high-molecular-weight proteins. Thus, neurotrophin-mimic small molecules, which stimulate the synthesis of endogenous neurotrophins or enhance neurotrophic actions, may serve as promising alternatives to neurotrophins. Small-molecular-weight natural products, which have been used in dietary functional foods or in traditional medicines over the course of human history, have a great potential for the development of new therapeutic agents against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. In this contribution, a variety of natural products possessing neurotrophic properties such as neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth promotion (neuritogenesis), and neuroprotection are described, and a focus is made on the chemistry and biology of several neurotrophic natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Miwa Kubo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
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Lu K, Fang B, Liu Y, Xu F, Zhou C, Wang L, Chen L, Huang L. Metabolomics Analysis of DRG and Serum in the CCI Model of Mice. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1224. [PMID: 37626580 PMCID: PMC10452726 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a chronic and intractable disease that is widely present in the general population. It causes painful behavior and even mood changes such as anxiety and depression by altering the metabolism of substances. However, there have been limited metabolomics studies conducted in relation to neuropathic pain. Therefore, in this study, the effects of NP on metabolites in serum and the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) were investigated using a non-targeted metabolomics approach detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to uncover differential metabolites and affected metabolic pathways associated with NP. Sixty mice were divided into the following two groups: a chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve group and a sham group (n = 30, each). After 7 days of CCI modeling, the metabolite profiles of serum and the DRG were analyzed using GC/LC-MS for both the CCI and sham groups of mice. Multivariate analysis revealed differential metabolites and altered metabolic pathways between the CCI and sham groups. In the CCI group, our findings provided insights into the complex phospholipid, amino acid and acylcarnitine metabolic perturbations of DRG metabolism. In addition, phospholipid metabolic disorders and impaired glucose metabolism were observed in the serum. Moreover, the metabolic differences in the DRG and serum were correlated with each other. The results from this untargeted metabolomics study provide a perspective on the metabolic impact of NP on serum and the DRG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaimei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China; (K.L.); (Y.L.); (F.X.); (C.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Bin Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, China;
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China; (K.L.); (Y.L.); (F.X.); (C.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Fangxia Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China; (K.L.); (Y.L.); (F.X.); (C.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Chengcheng Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China; (K.L.); (Y.L.); (F.X.); (C.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China; (K.L.); (Y.L.); (F.X.); (C.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Lianhua Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, China;
| | - Lina Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China; (K.L.); (Y.L.); (F.X.); (C.Z.); (L.W.)
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Maruyama T, Tanabe S, Uyeda A, Suzuki T, Muramatsu R. Free fatty acids support oligodendrocyte survival in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1081190. [PMID: 37252191 PMCID: PMC10213402 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1081190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the white matter degeneration. Although changes in blood lipids are involved in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, the pathological role of blood lipids in ALS remains unclear. Methods and results We performed lipidome analysis on the plasma of ALS model mice, mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1G93A) mice, and found that the concentration of free fatty acids (FFAs), including oleic acid (OA) and linoleic acid (LA), decreased prior to disease onset. An in vitro study revealed that OA and LA directly inhibited glutamate-induced oligodendrocytes cell death via free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1). A cocktail containing OA/LA suppressed oligodendrocyte cell death in the spinal cord of SOD1G93A mice. Discussion These results suggested that the reduction of FFAs in the plasma is a pathogenic biomarker for ALS in the early stages, and supplying a deficiency in FFAs is a potential therapeutic approach for ALS by preventing oligodendrocyte cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Maruyama
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pharmacoscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shogo Tanabe
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Uyeda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacoscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Rieko Muramatsu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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Erythrocyte Plasma Membrane Lipid Composition Mirrors That of Neurons and Glial Cells in Murine Experimental In Vitro and In Vivo Inflammation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040561. [PMID: 36831228 PMCID: PMC9953778 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid membrane turnover and myelin repair play a central role in diseases and lesions of the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of the present study was to analyze lipid composition changes due to inflammatory conditions. We measured the fatty acid (FA) composition in erythrocytes (RBCs) and spinal cord tissue (gas chromatography) derived from mice affected by experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in acute and remission phases; cholesterol membrane content (Filipin) and GM1 membrane assembly (CT-B) in EAE mouse RBCs, and in cultured neurons, oligodendroglial cells and macrophages exposed to inflammatory challenges. During the EAE acute phase, the RBC membrane showed a reduction in polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) and an increase in saturated FAs (SFAs) and the omega-6/omega-3 ratios, followed by a restoration to control levels in the remission phase in parallel with an increase in monounsaturated fatty acid residues. A decrease in PUFAs was also shown in the spinal cord. CT-B staining decreased and Filipin staining increased in RBCs during acute EAE, as well as in cultured macrophages, neurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells exposed to inflammatory challenges. This regulation in lipid content suggests an increased cell membrane rigidity during the inflammatory phase of EAE and supports the investigation of peripheral cell membrane lipids as possible biomarkers for CNS lipid membrane concentration and assembly.
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Lou Y, Lv Y, Li Z, Kang Y, Hou M, Fu Z, Lu L, Liu L, Cai Z, Qi Z, Jian H, Shen W, Li X, Zhou H, Feng S. Identification of Differentially Expressed Proteins in Rats with Early Subacute Spinal Cord Injury using an iTRAQ-based Quantitative Analysis. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2023; 26:1960-1973. [PMID: 36642874 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230113152622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injuries to the central nervous system (CNS), such as spinal cord injury (SCI), may devastate families and society. Subacute SCI may majorly impact secondary damage during the transitional period between the acute and subacute phases. A range of CNS illnesses has been linked to changes in the level of protein expression. However, the importance of proteins during the early subacute stage of SCI remains unknown. The role of proteins in the early subacute phase of SCI has not been established yet. METHODS SCI-induced damage in rats was studied using isobaric tagging for relative and absolute protein quantification (iTRAQ) to identify proteins that differed in expression 3 days after the injury, as well as proteins that did not alter in expression. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were analyzed employing Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis to discover the biological processes, cell components, and molecular functions of the proteins. We also performed Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) software BP pathway and KEGG analysis on all proteins to further identify their functions. In addition, the first 15 key nodes of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) system were found. RESULTS During the early subacute stage of SCI, we identified 176 DEPs in total between the control and damage groups, with 114 (64.77%) being up-regulated and 62 (35.23%) being downregulated. As a result of this study, we discovered the most important cellular components and molecular activities, as well as biological processes and pathways, in the early subacute phase of SCI. The top 15 high-degree core nodes were Alb, Plg, F2, Serpina1, Fgg, Apoa1, Vim, Hpx, Apoe, Agt, Ambp, Pcna, Gc, F12, and Gfap. CONCLUSION Our study could provide new views on regulating the pathogenesis of proteins in the early subacute phase after SCI, which provides a theoretical basis for exploring more effective therapeutic targets for SCI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfu Lou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yigang Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yi Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Mengfan Hou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zheng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Immuno Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 555 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiwei Cai
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Burns Institute, Burn & Plastic Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zhangyang Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Huan Jian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Wenyuan Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xueying Li
- Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Hengxing Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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Karri J, Doan J, Vangeison C, Catalanotto M, Nagpal AS, Li S. Emerging Evidence for Intrathecal Management of Neuropathic Pain Following Spinal Cord Injury. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:933422. [PMID: 35965596 PMCID: PMC9371595 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.933422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A high prevalence of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) suffer from chronic neuropathic pain. Unfortunately, the precise pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have yet to be clearly elucidated and targeted treatments are largely lacking. As an unfortunate consequence, neuropathic pain in the population with SCI is refractory to standard of care treatments and represents a significant contributor to morbidity and suffering. In recent years, advances from SCI-specific animal studies and translational models have furthered our understanding of the neuronal excitability, glial dysregulation, and chronic inflammation processes that facilitate neuropathic pain. These developments have served advantageously to facilitate exploration into the use of neuromodulation as a treatment modality. The use of intrathecal drug delivery (IDD), with novel pharmacotherapies, to treat chronic neuropathic pain has gained particular attention in both pre-clinical and clinical contexts. In this evidence-based narrative review, we provide a comprehensive exploration into the emerging evidence for the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain following SCI, the evidence basis for IDD as a therapeutic strategy, and novel pharmacologics across impactful animal and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Karri
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Jay Karri
| | - James Doan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System—West Roxbury Division, Spinal Cord Injury Service, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christian Vangeison
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Marissa Catalanotto
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ameet S. Nagpal
- Department of Orthopaedics and Physical Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas HSC at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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García MM, Molina-Álvarez M, Rodríguez-Rivera C, Paniagua N, Quesada E, Uranga JA, Rodríguez-Franco MI, Pascual D, Goicoechea C. Antinociceptive and modulatory effect of pathoplastic changes in spinal glia of a TLR4/CD14 blocking molecule in two models of pain in rat. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112986. [PMID: 35462333 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of spinal glia in the development and maintenance of chronic pain has become over the last years a subject of increasing interest. In this regard, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling has been proposed as a major trigger mechanism. Hence, in this study we explored the implications of TLR4 inhibition in the periphery and primarily in the CNS, focusing on the impact this inhibition renders in pain development and glia activation in the dorsal horn in two models of pain. Making use of a synthetic cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14)/TLR4 antagonist, the effect of TLR4 blockade on tactile allodynia and heat hyperalgesia was evaluated in osteoarthritic and postoperative rat models. An in vitro parallel artificial membrane permeation assay was performed to determine the proneness of the drug to permeate the blood-brain barrier prior to systemic and central administration. Findings suggest a dominant role of peripheral TLR4 in the model of incisional pain, whilst both peripheral and central TLR4 seem to be responsible for osteoarthritic pain. That is, central and peripheral TLR4 may be differently involved in the etiopathology of diverse types of pain what potentially seems a promising approach in the management of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel M García
- Area of Pharmacology and Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, High Performance Experimental Pharmacology Research Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (PHARMAKOM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC)-URJC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Molina-Álvarez
- Area of Pharmacology and Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, High Performance Experimental Pharmacology Research Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (PHARMAKOM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC)-URJC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Rivera
- Area of Pharmacology and Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, High Performance Experimental Pharmacology Research Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (PHARMAKOM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC)-URJC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nancy Paniagua
- Area of Pharmacology and Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, High Performance Experimental Pharmacology Research Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (PHARMAKOM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC)-URJC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto Quesada
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC)-URJC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Uranga
- Area of Histology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (NEUGUT), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - David Pascual
- Area of Pharmacology and Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, High Performance Experimental Pharmacology Research Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (PHARMAKOM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC)-URJC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Goicoechea
- Area of Pharmacology and Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, High Performance Experimental Pharmacology Research Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (PHARMAKOM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC)-URJC, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Shojai S, Haeri Rohani SA, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Habibi-Rezaei M. Human serum albumin in neurodegeneration. Rev Neurosci 2022; 33:803-817. [PMID: 35363449 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Serum albumin (SA) exists in relatively high concentrations, in close contact with most cells. However, in the adult brain, except for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), SA concentration is relatively low. It is mainly produced in the liver to serve as the main protein of the blood plasma. In the plasma, it functions as a carrier, chaperon, antioxidant, source of amino acids, osmoregulator, etc. As a carrier, it facilitates the stable presence and transport of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules, including free fatty acids, steroid hormones, medicines, and metal ions. As a chaperon, SA binds to and protects other proteins. As an antioxidant, thanks to a free sulfhydryl group (-SH), albumin is responsible for most antioxidant properties of plasma. These functions qualify SA as a major player in, and a mirror of, overall health status, aging, and neurodegeneration. The low concentration of SA is associated with cognitive deterioration in the elderly and negative prognosis in multiple sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). SA has been shown to be structurally modified in neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). During blood-brain barrier damage albumin enters the brain tissue and could trigger epilepsy and neurodegeneration. SA is able to bind to the precursor agent of the AD, amyloid-beta (Aβ), preventing its toxic effects in the periphery, and is being tested for treating this disease. SA therapy may also be effective in brain rejuvenation. In the current review, we will bring forward the prominent properties and roles of SA in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Shojai
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mehran Habibi-Rezaei
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Nano-Biomedicine Center of Excellence, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Stampas A, Hook M, Korupolu R, Jethani L, Kaner MT, Pemberton E, Li S, Francisco GE. Evidence of treating spasticity before it develops: a systematic review of spasticity outcomes in acute spinal cord injury interventional trials. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2022; 15:17562864211070657. [PMID: 35198042 PMCID: PMC8859674 DOI: 10.1177/17562864211070657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Spasticity is a common consequence of spinal cord injury (SCI), estimated to affect up to 93% of people living with SCI in the community. Problematic spasticity affects around 35% people with SCI spasticity. The early period after injury is believed to be the most opportune time for neural plasticity after SCI. We hypothesize that clinical interventions in the early period could reduce the incidence of spasticity. To address this, we evaluated the spasticity outcomes of clinical trials with interventions early after SCI.Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature between January 2000 and May 2021 to identify control trials, in humans and animals, that were performed early after SCI that included measures of spasticity in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.Results: Our search yielded 1,463 records of which we reviewed 852 abstracts and included 8 human trial peer-reviewed publications and 9 animal studies. The 9 animal trials largely supported the hypothesis that early intervention can reduce spasticity, including evidence from electrophysiological, behavioral, and histologic measures. Of the 8 human trials, only one study measured spasticity as a primary outcome with a sample size sufficient to test the hypothesis. In this study, neuromodulation of the spinal cord using electric stimulation of the common peroneal nerve reduced spasticity in the lower extremities compared to controls.Conclusion: Given the prevalence of problematic spasticity, there is surprisingly little research being performed in the early period of SCI that includes spasticity measures, and even fewer studies that directly address spasticity. More research on the potential for early interventions to mitigate spasticity is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Radha Korupolu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lavina Jethani
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mahmut T. Kaner
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erinn Pemberton
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gerard E. Francisco
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, TX, USA
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Bourguignon L, Vo AK, Tong B, Geisler F, Mach O, Maier D, Kramer JL, Grassner L, Jutzeler CR. Natural Progression of Routine Laboratory Markers after Spinal Trauma: A Longitudinal, Multi-Cohort Study. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:2151-2161. [PMID: 33882712 PMCID: PMC8309438 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to track and quantify the natural course of serological markers over the 1st year following spinal cord injury. For that purpose, data on serological markers, demographics, and injury characteristics were extracted from medical records of a clinical trial (Sygen) and an ongoing observational cohort study (Murnau study). The primary outcomes were concentration/levels/amount of commonly collected serological markers at multiple time points. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and mixed-effects regression techniques were used to account for the longitudinal data and adjust for potential confounders. Trajectories of serological markers contained in both data sources were compared using the slope of progression. Our results show that, at baseline (≤ 2 weeks post-injury), most serological markers were at pathological levels, but returned to normal values over the course of 6-12 months post-injury. The baseline levels and longitudinal trajectories were dependent on injury severity. More complete injuries were associated with more pathological values (e.g., hematocrit, ANOVA test; χ2 = 68.93, df = 3, adjusted p value <0.001, and χ2 = 73.80, df = 3, adjusted p value <0.001, in the Sygen and Murnau studies, respectively). Comparing the two databases revealed some differences in the serological markers, which are likely attributable to differences in study design, sample size, and standard of care. We conclude that because of trauma-induced physiological perturbations, serological markers undergo marked changes over the course of recovery, from initial pathological levels that normalize within a year. The findings from this study are important, as they provide a benchmark for clinical decision making and prospective clinical trials. All results can be interactively explored on the Haemosurveillance web site (https://jutzelec.shinyapps.io/Haemosurveillance/) and GitHub repository (https://github.com/jutzca/Systemic-effects-of-Spinal-Cord-Injury).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bourguignon
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich and SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anh Khoa Vo
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bobo Tong
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fred Geisler
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Orpheus Mach
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Trauma Center Murnau, Murnau, Germany
| | - Doris Maier
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Trauma Center Murnau, Murnau, Germany
| | - John L.K. Kramer
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Hugill Centre for Anesthesia, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lukas Grassner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Catherine R. Jutzeler
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich and SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Liu S, Kang Y, Zhang C, Lou Y, Li X, Lu L, Qi Z, Jian H, Zhou H. Isobaric Tagging for Relative and Absolute Protein Quantification (iTRAQ)-Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Differentially Expressed Proteins 1 Week After Spinal Cord Injury in a Rat Model. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924266. [PMID: 33144554 PMCID: PMC7650090 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating trauma of the central nervous system (CNS), with high levels of morbidity, disability, and mortality. One week after SCI may be a critical time for treatment. Changes in protein expression have crucial functions in nervous system diseases, although the effects of changes occurring 1 week after SCI on patient outcomes are unclear. Material/Methods Protein expression was examined in a rat contusive SCI model 1 week after SCI. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified by isobaric tagging for relative and absolute protein quantification (iTRAQ)-coupled liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) proteomics analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was performed to identify the biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular component terms of the identified DEPs, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) was used to identify key enriched pathways. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were analyzed to identify the top 10 high-degree core proteins. Results Of the 295 DEPs identified, 204 (69.15%) were upregulated and 91 (30.85%) were downregulated 1 week after injury. The main cellular components, molecular functions, biological processes, and pathways identified may be crucial mechanisms involved in SCI. The top 10 high-degree core proteins were complement component C3 (C3), alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (Ahsg), T-kininogen 1 (Kng1), Serpinc1 protein (Serpinc1), apolipoprotein A-I (Apoa1), serum albumin (Alb), disulfide-isomerase protein (P4hb), transport protein Sec61 subunit alpha isoform 1 (Sec61a1), serotransferrin (Tf), and 60S ribosomal protein L15 (Rpl15). Conclusions The proteins identified in this study may provide potential targets for diagnosis and treatment 1 week after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Yi Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Yongfu Lou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Xueying Li
- Key Laboratory of Immuno Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Zhangyang Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Huan Jian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Hengxing Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin, China (mainland)
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García-Cerro S, Rueda N, Vidal V, Puente A, Campa V, Lantigua S, Narcís O, Velasco A, Bartesaghi R, Martínez-Cué C. Prenatal Administration of Oleic Acid or Linolenic Acid Reduces Neuromorphological and Cognitive Alterations in Ts65dn Down Syndrome Mice. J Nutr 2020; 150:1631-1643. [PMID: 32243527 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cognitive impairments that characterize Down syndrome (DS) have been attributed to brain hypocellularity due to neurogenesis impairment during fetal stages. Thus, enhancing prenatal neurogenesis in DS could prevent or reduce some of the neuromorphological and cognitive defects found in postnatal stages. OBJECTIVES As fatty acids play a fundamental role in morphogenesis and brain development during fetal stages, in this study, we aimed to enhance neurogenesis and the cognitive abilities of the Ts65Dn (TS) mouse model of DS by administering oleic or linolenic acid. METHODS In total, 85 pregnant TS females were subcutaneously treated from Embryonic Day (ED) 10 until Postnatal Day (PD) 2 with oleic acid (400 mg/kg), linolenic acid (500 mg/kg), or vehicle. All analyses were performed on their TS and Control (CO) male and female progeny. At PD2, we evaluated the short-term effects of the treatments on neurogenesis, cellularity, and brain weight, in 40 TS and CO pups. A total of 69 TS and CO mice were used to test the long-term effects of the prenatal treatments on cognition from PD30 to PD45, and on neurogenesis, cellularity, and synaptic markers, at PD45. Data were compared by ANOVAs. RESULTS Prenatal administration of oleic or linolenic acid increased the brain weight (+36.7% and +45%, P < 0.01), the density of BrdU (bromodeoxyuridine)- (+80% and +115%; P < 0.01), and DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole)-positive cells (+64% and +22%, P < 0.05) of PD2 TS mice with respect to the vehicle-treated TS mice. Between PD30 and PD45, TS mice prenatally treated with oleic or linolenic acid showed better cognitive abilities (+28% and +25%, P < 0.01) and a higher density of the postsynaptic marker PSD95 (postsynaptic density protein 95) (+65% and +44%, P < 0.05) than the vehicle-treated TS animals. CONCLUSION The beneficial cognitive and neuromorphological effects induced by oleic or linolenic acid in TS mice suggest that they could be promising pharmacotherapies for DS-associated cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana García-Cerro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Noemí Rueda
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Verónica Vidal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Alba Puente
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Víctor Campa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biomedicine (IBTECC), Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Sara Lantigua
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Oriol Narcís
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Ana Velasco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla and Leon (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Renata Bartesaghi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmen Martínez-Cué
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
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V. S. H, Krishnan LK, Abelson KSP. A novel technique to develop thoracic spinal laminectomy and a methodology to assess the functionality and welfare of the contusion spinal cord injury (SCI) rat model. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219001. [PMID: 31265469 PMCID: PMC6605676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the advantage of a novel technique employing a motorised dental burr to assist laminectomy over the conventional manual technique at T10-T11 vertebra level in a rat model of spinal cord injury. Twenty-four female rats were randomly assigned to four groups: (1) conventionally laminectomised, (2) dental burr assisted laminectomised, (3) conventionally laminectomised with spinal cord contusion and (4) dental burr assisted laminectomised with spinal cord contusion. Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) score, postoperative body weights, rat grimace scale (RGS), open cage activity and rearing was studied at 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days postoperatively, and area of spinal tissue affected was evaluated histologically. Laminectomised and spinal cord injured rats from dental burr groups showed significantly more weight gain and less weight loss respectively in comparison with respective conventionally laminectomised groups at various time points. Significantly higher RGS score was noticed in conventionally laminectomised animals on Day 1 in comparison to burr assisted laminectomy and presence of pain was evident until Day 7 in the conventionally spinal cord injured group. BBB score did not differ between techniques, whereas laminectomy groups showed more resting time than spinal injury groups. High rearing score was significantly higher in groups which underwent dental burr assisted technique at various time points with respect to their conventional counterparts. This study suggests that the use of dental burr assisted technique to perform laminectomy will bring refinement by producing less pain, aiding in better recovery, removing procedural artefacts without affecting the outcome of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikrishnan V. S.
- Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Department of Applied Biology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lissy K. Krishnan
- Division of Thrombosis Research, Department of Applied Biology, Bio Medical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Klas S. P. Abelson
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Membrane Lipid Composition: Effect on Membrane and Organelle Structure, Function and Compartmentalization and Therapeutic Avenues. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092167. [PMID: 31052427 PMCID: PMC6540057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes are key elements for the maintenance of cell architecture and physiology. Beyond a pure barrier separating the inner space of the cell from the outer, the plasma membrane is a scaffold and player in cell-to-cell communication and the initiation of intracellular signals among other functions. Critical to this function is the plasma membrane compartmentalization in lipid microdomains that control the localization and productive interactions of proteins involved in cell signal propagation. In addition, cells are divided into compartments limited by other membranes whose integrity and homeostasis are finely controlled, and which determine the identity and function of the different organelles. Here, we review current knowledge on membrane lipid composition in the plasma membrane and endomembrane compartments, emphasizing its role in sustaining organelle structure and function. The correct composition and structure of cell membranes define key pathophysiological aspects of cells. Therefore, we explore the therapeutic potential of manipulating membrane lipid composition with approaches like membrane lipid therapy, aiming to normalize cell functions through the modification of membrane lipid bilayers.
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16
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Keilhoff G, Mbou RP, Lucas B, Schild L. The Differentiation of Spinal Cord Motor Neurons is Associated with Changes of the Mitochondrial Phospholipid Cardiolipin. Neuroscience 2019; 400:169-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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17
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Johnson CDL, Ganguly D, Zuidema JM, Cardinal TJ, Ziemba AM, Kearns KR, McCarthy SM, Thompson DM, Ramanath G, Borca-Tasciuc DA, Dutz S, Gilbert RJ. Injectable, Magnetically Orienting Electrospun Fiber Conduits for Neuron Guidance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:356-372. [PMID: 30516370 PMCID: PMC6520652 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic electrospun fibers are of interest for minimally invasive biomaterial applications that also strive to provide cell guidance. Magnetic electrospun fibers can be injected and then magnetically positioned in situ, and the aligned fiber scaffolds provide consistent topographical guidance to cells. In this study, magnetically responsive aligned poly-l-lactic acid electrospun fiber scaffolds were developed and tested for neural applications. Incorporating oleic acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles significantly increased neurite outgrowth, reduced the fiber alignment, and increased the surface nanotopography of the electrospun fibers. After verifying neuron viability on two-dimensional scaffolds, the system was tested as an injectable three-dimensional scaffold. Small conduits of aligned magnetic fibers were easily injected in a collagen or fibrinogen hydrogel solution and repositioned using an external magnetic field. The aligned magnetic fibers provided internal directional guidance to neurites within a three-dimensional collagen or fibrin model hydrogel, supplemented with Matrigel. Neurites growing from dorsal root ganglion explants extended 1.4-3× farther on the aligned fibers compared with neurites extending in the hydrogel alone. Overall, these results show that magnetic electrospun fiber scaffolds can be injected and manipulated with a magnetic field in situ to provide directional guidance to neurons inside an injectable hydrogel. Most importantly, this injectable guidance system increased both neurite alignment and neurite length within the hydrogel scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. L. Johnson
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180-3590, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180-3590, United States
| | - Debmalya Ganguly
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180-3590, United States
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Zuidema
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Thomas J. Cardinal
- Department of Materials Science, Aerospace, and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Alexis M. Ziemba
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180-3590, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180-3590, United States
| | - Kathryn R. Kearns
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180-3590, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180-3590, United States
| | - Simon M. McCarthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180-3590, United States
| | - Deanna M. Thompson
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180-3590, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180-3590, United States
| | - Ganpati Ramanath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Diana A. Borca-Tasciuc
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180-3590, United States
| | - Silvio Dutz
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Straße, 298693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Ryan J. Gilbert
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180-3590, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180-3590, United States
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Identification of differentially expressed proteins in rats with spinal cord injury during the transitional phase using an iTRAQ-based quantitative analysis. Gene 2018; 677:66-76. [PMID: 30036659 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disease associated with high disability and mortality rates. The transitional phase from subacute phase to intermediate phase may play a major role in the process of secondary injury. Changes in protein expression levels have been shown to play key roles in many central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Nevertheless, the roles of proteins in the transitional phase of SCI are not clear. METHODS We examined protein expression in a rat model 2 weeks after SCI and identified differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) using isobaric tagging for relative and absolute protein quantification (iTRAQ). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of DEPs were performed. Furthermore, we constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and the top 10 high-degree core nodes were identified. Meanwhile, we validated protein level changes of five high-degree core regulated proteins using Western blots. RESULTS A total of 162 DEPs were identified between the injury group and the control, of which 101 (62.35%) were up-regulated and 61 (37.65%) were down-regulated in the transitional phase of SCI. Key molecular function, cellular components, biological process terms and pathways were identified and may be important mechanisms in the transitional phase of SCI. Alb, Calm1, Vim, Apoe, Syp, P4hb, Cd68, Eef1a2, Rab3a and Lgals3 were the top 10 high-degree core nodes. Western blot analysis performed on five of these proteins showed the same trend as iTRAQ results. CONCLUSION The current study may provide novel insights into how proteins regulate the pathogenesis of the transitional phase after SCI.
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Fakhri S, Abbaszadeh F, Dargahi L, Jorjani M. Astaxanthin: A mechanistic review on its biological activities and health benefits. Pharmacol Res 2018; 136:1-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Avila-Martin G, Mata-Roig M, Galán-Arriero I, Taylor JS, Busquets X, Escribá PV. Treatment with albumin-hydroxyoleic acid complex restores sensorimotor function in rats with spinal cord injury: Efficacy and gene expression regulation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189151. [PMID: 29244816 PMCID: PMC5731767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorimotor dysfunction following incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) is often characterized by paralysis, spasticity and pain. Previously, we showed that intrathecal (i.t.) administration of the albumin-oleic acid (A-OA) complex in rats with SCI produced partial improvement of these symptoms and that oral 2-hydroxyoleic acid (HOA, a non-hydrolyzable OA analogue), was efficacious in the modulation and treatment of nociception and pain-related anxiety, respectively. Here we observed that intrathecal treatment with the complex albumin-HOA (A-HOA) every 3 days following T9 spinal contusion injury improved locomotor function assessed with the Rotarod and inhibited TA noxious reflex activity in Wistar rats. To investigate the mechanism of action of A-HOA, microarray analysis was carried out in the spinal cord lesion area. Representative genes involved in pain and neuroregeneration were selected to validate the changes observed in the microarray analysis by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Comparison of the expression between healthy rats, SCI rats, and SCI treated with A-HOA rats revealed relevant changes in the expression of genes associated with neuronal morphogenesis and growth, neuronal survival, pain and inflammation. Thus, treatment with A-HOA not only induced a significant overexpression of growth and differentiation factor 10 (GDF10), tenascin C (TNC), aspirin (ASPN) and sushi-repeat-containing X-linked 2 (SRPX2), but also a significant reduction in the expression of prostaglandin E synthase (PTGES) and phospholipases A1 and A2 (PLA1/2). Currently, SCI has very important unmet clinical needs. A-HOA downregulated genes involved with inflammation and upregulated genes involved in neuronal growth, and may serve to promote recovery of function after experimental SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Mata-Roig
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Julian S. Taylor
- Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Toledo, Spain
- Stoke Mandeville Spinal Research, National Spinal Injuries Centre, Buckinghamshire Healthcare Trust, NHS, Aylesbury, United Kingdom
- Harris Manchester College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xavier Busquets
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pablo V. Escribá
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Sgarbieri VC, Pacheco MTB. Premature or pathological aging: longevity. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.19416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract The main objective of this literature review was to summarize and characterize the main factors and events that may negatively influence quality of life and human longevity. The factors that act on premature aging processes are essentially the same as those of natural or healthy aging, but in a more intense and uncontrolled manner. Such factors are: 1) genetic (genome); 2) metabolic (metabolome); 3) environmental (life conditions and style, including diet). Factors 1 and 2 are more difficult to control by individuals; once depending on socioeconomic, cultural and educational conditions. Differently of environmental factors that may be totally controlled by individuals. Unfamiliarity with these factors leads to chronic and/or degenerative diseases that compromise quality of life and longevity.
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22
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Zhang L, Zhang Z, Jasa J, Li D, Cleveland RO, Negahban M, Jérusalem A. Molecular dynamics simulations of heterogeneous cell membranes in response to uniaxial membrane stretches at high loading rates. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8316. [PMID: 28814791 PMCID: PMC5559491 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemobiomechanical signatures of diseased cells are often distinctively different from that of healthy cells. This mainly arises from cellular structural/compositional alterations induced by disease development or therapeutic molecules. Therapeutic shock waves have the potential to mechanically destroy diseased cells and/or increase cell membrane permeability for drug delivery. However, the biomolecular mechanisms by which shock waves interact with diseased and healthy cellular components remain largely unknown. By integrating atomistic simulations with a novel multiscale numerical framework, this work provides new biomolecular mechanistic perspectives through which many mechanosensitive cellular processes could be quantitatively characterised. Here we examine the biomechanical responses of the chosen representative membrane complexes under rapid mechanical loadings pertinent to therapeutic shock wave conditions. We find that their rupture characteristics do not exhibit significant sensitivity to the applied strain rates. Furthermore, we show that the embedded rigid inclusions markedly facilitate stretch-induced membrane disruptions while mechanically stiffening the associated complexes under the applied membrane stretches. Our results suggest that the presence of rigid molecules in cellular membranes could serve as “mechanical catalysts” to promote the mechanical destructions of the associated complexes, which, in concert with other biochemical/medical considerations, should provide beneficial information for future biomechanical-mediated therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- University of Oxford, Department of Engineering Science, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK.
| | - Zesheng Zhang
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - John Jasa
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Dongli Li
- University of Oxford, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Robin O Cleveland
- University of Oxford, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Mehrdad Negahban
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Antoine Jérusalem
- University of Oxford, Department of Engineering Science, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK.
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23
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Escribá PV. Membrane-lipid therapy: A historical perspective of membrane-targeted therapies - From lipid bilayer structure to the pathophysiological regulation of cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1493-1506. [PMID: 28577973 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our current understanding of membrane lipid composition, structure and functions has led to the investigation of their role in cell signaling, both in healthy and pathological cells. As a consequence, therapies based on the regulation of membrane lipid composition and structure have been recently developed. This novel field, known as Membrane Lipid Therapy, is growing and evolving rapidly, providing treatments that are now in use or that are being studied for their application to oncological disorders, Alzheimer's disease, spinal cord injury, stroke, diabetes, obesity, and neuropathic pain. This field has arisen from relevant discoveries on the behavior of membranes in recent decades, and it paves the way to adopt new approaches in modern pharmacology and nutrition. This innovative area will promote further investigation into membranes and the development of new therapies with molecules that target the cell membrane. Due to the prominent roles of membranes in the cells' physiology and the paucity of therapeutic approaches based on the regulation of the lipids they contain, it is expected that membrane lipid therapy will provide new treatments for numerous pathologies. The first on-purpose rationally designed molecule in this field, minerval, is currently being tested in clinical trials and it is expected to enter the market around 2020. However, it seems feasible that during the next few decades other membrane regulators will also be marketed for the treatment of human pathologies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Lipid Therapy: Drugs Targeting Biomembranes edited by Pablo V. Escribá.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo V Escribá
- Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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24
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Galán-Arriero I, Serrano-Muñoz D, Gómez-Soriano J, Goicoechea C, Taylor J, Velasco A, Ávila-Martín G. The role of Omega-3 and Omega-9 fatty acids for the treatment of neuropathic pain after neurotrauma. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1629-1635. [PMID: 28495596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as docosaexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), mediate neuroactive effects in experimental models of traumatic peripheral nerve and spinal cord injury. Cellular mechanisms of PUFAs include reduced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, enhanced neurotrophic support, and activation of cell survival pathways. Bioactive Omega-9 monounsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid (OA) and 2-hydroxy oleic acid (2-OHOA), also show therapeutic effects in neurotrauma models. These FAs reduces noxious hyperreflexia and pain-related anxiety behavior following peripheral nerve injury and improves sensorimotor function following spinal cord injury (SCI), including facilitation of descending inhibitory antinociception. The relative safe profile of neuroactive fatty acids (FAs) holds promise for the future clinical development of these molecules as analgesic agents. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Lipid Therapy: Drugs Targeting Biomembranes edited by Pablo V. Escribá.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iriana Galán-Arriero
- Sensorimotor Function Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
| | - Diego Serrano-Muñoz
- Sensorimotor Function Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
| | - Julio Gómez-Soriano
- GIFTO, Nursing and Physiotherapy Faculty, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, 45072 Toledo, Spain.
| | - Carlos Goicoechea
- Pharmacology and Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julian Taylor
- Sensorimotor Function Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain; Stoke Mandeville Spinal Research, National Spinal Injuries Centre, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, HP21 8AL Aylesbury, UK; Harris Manchester College, OX1 3TD University of Oxford, UK.
| | - Ana Velasco
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Gerardo Ávila-Martín
- Sensorimotor Function Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
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Escribá PV. WITHDRAWN: Membrane-lipid therapy: A historical perspective of membrane-targeted therapies-From lipid bilayer structure to the pathophysiological regulation of cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2017:S0005-2736(17)30139-6. [PMID: 28476630 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.05.017. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo V Escribá
- Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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26
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Hijazi M, Medina JM, Velasco A. Restrained Phosphatidylcholine Synthesis in a Cellular Model of Down's Syndrome is Associated with the Overexpression of Dyrk1A. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 54:1092-1100. [PMID: 26803494 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant formation of the cerebral cortex could be attributed to the lack of suitable substrates that direct the migration of neurons. Previous work carried out at our laboratory has shown that oleic acid is a neurotrophic factor. In order to characterize the effect of oleic acid in a cellular model of Down's syndrome (DS), here, we used immortalized cell lines derived from the cortex of trisomy Ts16 and euploid mice. We report that in the plasma membrane of euploid cells, an increase in phosphatidylcholine concentrations occurs in the presence of oleic acid. However, in trisomic cells, oleic acid failed to increase phosphatidylcholine incorporation into the plasma membrane. Gene expression analysis of trisomic cells revealed that the phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic pathway was deregulated. Taken together, these results suggest that the overdose of specific genes in trisomic lines delays differentiation in the presence of oleic acid. The dual-specificity tyrosine (Y) phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) gene is located on human chromosome 21. DYRK1A contributes to intellectual disability and the early onset of Alzheimer's disease in DS patients. Here, we explored the potential role of Dyrk1A in the reduction of phosphatidylcholine concentrations in trisomic cells in the presence of oleic acid. The downregulation of Dyrk1A by small interfering RNA (siRNA) in trisomic cells returned phosphatidylcholine concentrations up to similar levels to those of euploid cells in the presence of oleic acid. Thus, our results highlight the role of Dyrk1A in brain development through the modulation of phosphatidylcholine location, levels and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruan Hijazi
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José M Medina
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Velasco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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Bellier JP, Xie Y, Farouk SM, Sakaue Y, Tooyama I, Kimura H. Immunohistochemical and biochemical evidence for the presence of serotonin-containing neurons and nerve fibers in the octopus arm. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:3043-3061. [PMID: 28247020 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1385-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The octopus arm contains a tridimensional array of muscles with a massive sensory-motor system. We herein provide the first evidence for the existence of serotonin (5-HT) in the octopus arm nervous system and investigated its distribution using immunohistochemistry. 5-HT-like immunoreactive (5-HT-lir) nerve cell bodies were exclusively localized in the cellular layer of the axial nerve cord. Those cell bodies emitted 5-HT-lir nerve fibers in the direction of the sucker, the intramuscular nerves cords, the ganglion of the sucker, and the intrinsic musculature. Others 5-HT-lir nerve fibers were observed in various tissues, including the cerebrobrachial tract, the skin, and the blood vessels. 5-HT was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography in various regions of the octopus arm at levels matching the density of 5-HT-lir staining. The absence of 5-HT-lir interconnections between the cerebrobrachial tract and the other components of the axial nerve cord suggests that two types of 5-HT-lir innervation exist in the arm. One type, which originates from the brain, may innervate the periphery through the cerebrobrachial tract. Another type, which originates in the cellular layer of the axial nerve cord, may form an intrinsic network in the arm. In addition, 5-HT-lir fibers likely emitted from the neuropil of the axial nerve cord were found to project into cells showing staining for peripheral choline acetyltransferase, a marker of sensory cells of the sucker. Taken together, these observations suggest that intrinsic 5-HT-lir innervation may participate in the sensory transmission in the octopus arm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Bellier
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Yu Xie
- Life Science Research Center, Beihua University, Jilin, 132013, China
| | - Sameh Mohamed Farouk
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Yuko Sakaue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
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Xu M, Wu HY, Liu H, Gong N, Wang YR, Wang YX. Morroniside, a secoiridoid glycoside from Cornus officinalis, attenuates neuropathic pain by activation of spinal glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:580-590. [PMID: 28098360 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Iridoid glycosides containing the double bond scaffold of cyclopentapyran are reversible and orthosteric agonists of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors and exert anti-nociceptive and neuroprotective actions. Morroniside, derived from the medicinal herb Cornus officinalis, is an atypical secoiridoid containing a six-membered cyclic inner ether fragment. Here we investigated whether morroniside was an orthosteric GLP-1 receptor agonist and had anti-hypersensitivity activities in a model of neuropathic pain. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used a model of neuropathic pain, induced by tight ligation of L5/L6 spinal nerves in rats. Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage was also assayed in N9 microglial cells and human HEK293 cells stably expressing GLP-1 receptors. KEY RESULTS Morroniside protected against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in N9 microglial and HEK293 cells that expressed mouse or human GLP-1 receptors, but not in HEK293T cells without GLP-1 receptors. The GLP-1 receptor orthosteric antagonist exendin(9-39) also concentration-dependently shifted the concentration-protective response curves of morroniside and exenatide to the right without affecting maximal protection, with similar pA2 values. Furthermore, morroniside given by oral gavage or intrathecally in neuropathic rats dose-dependently attenuated mechanical allodynia, with comparable Emax values and ED50 s of 335 mg·kg-1 and 7.1 μg and completely blocked thermal hyperalgesia. Daily intrathecal injections of morroniside over 7 days did not induce anti-allodynic tolerance. Pretreatment with intrathecal exendin(9-39) completely blocked systemic and intrathecal morroniside-induced mechanical anti-allodynia. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our data demonstrated that morroniside was an orthosteric agonist of GLP-1 receptors and produced antihypersensitivity in a neuropathic pain model by activation of spinal GLP-1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- King's Lab, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Yun Wu
- King's Lab, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Liu
- King's Lab, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Nian Gong
- King's Lab, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Rui Wang
- King's Lab, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Wang
- King's Lab, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
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29
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Morales-Lázaro SL, Llorente I, Sierra-Ramírez F, López-Romero AE, Ortíz-Rentería M, Serrano-Flores B, Simon SA, Islas LD, Rosenbaum T. Inhibition of TRPV1 channels by a naturally occurring omega-9 fatty acid reduces pain and itch. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13092. [PMID: 27721373 PMCID: PMC5062500 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channel is mainly found in primary nociceptive afferents whose activity has been linked to pathophysiological conditions including pain, itch and inflammation. Consequently, it is important to identify naturally occurring antagonists of this channel. Here we show that a naturally occurring monounsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid, inhibits TRPV1 activity, and also pain and itch responses in mice by interacting with the vanilloid (capsaicin)-binding pocket and promoting the stabilization of a closed state conformation. Moreover, we report an itch-inducing molecule, cyclic phosphatidic acid, that activates TRPV1 and whose pruritic activity, as well as that of histamine, occurs through the activation of this ion channel. These findings provide insights into the molecular basis of oleic acid inhibition of TRPV1 and also into a way of reducing the pathophysiological effects resulting from its activation. TRPV1 channels are known to mediate pathological pain and itch. Here, the authors find a naturally occurring fatty acid, oleic acid, acts as a TRPV1 antagonist and can modulate capsaicin and histamine-mediated pain and itch response in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Morales-Lázaro
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico
| | - Itzel Llorente
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico
| | - Félix Sierra-Ramírez
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico
| | - Ana E López-Romero
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ortíz-Rentería
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico
| | - Barbara Serrano-Flores
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico
| | - Sidney A Simon
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, 327C Bryan Research Building, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - León D Islas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito escolar s/n, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico
| | - Tamara Rosenbaum
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico
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30
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Abstract
Leakage of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a common pathological feature in multiple sclerosis (MS). Following a breach of the BBB, albumin, the most abundant protein in plasma, gains access to CNS tissue where it is exposed to an inflammatory milieu and tissue damage, e.g., demyelination. Once in the CNS, albumin can participate in protective mechanisms. For example, due to its high concentration and molecular properties, albumin becomes a target for oxidation and nitration reactions. Furthermore, albumin binds metals and heme thereby limiting their ability to produce reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species. Albumin also has the potential to worsen disease. Similar to pathogenic processes that occur during epilepsy, extravasated albumin could induce the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and affect the ability of astrocytes to maintain potassium homeostasis thereby possibly making neurons more vulnerable to glutamate exicitotoxicity, which is thought to be a pathogenic mechanism in MS. The albumin quotient, albumin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/albumin in serum, is used as a measure of blood-CSF barrier dysfunction in MS, but it may be inaccurate since albumin levels in the CSF can be influenced by multiple factors including: 1) albumin becomes proteolytically cleaved during disease, 2) extravasated albumin is taken up by macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes, and 3) the location of BBB damage affects the entry of extravasated albumin into ventricular CSF. A discussion of the roles that albumin performs during MS is put forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M LeVine
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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31
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Abnormal cutaneous flexor reflex activity during controlled isometric plantarflexion in human spinal cord injury spasticity syndrome. Spinal Cord 2016; 54:687-94. [PMID: 26902460 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2016.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Li X, Tian F, Wang F. The effects of black soybean (Glycine max var.) on chronic cervical pain of sedentary office workers in a northern Chinese population. Food Funct 2015; 6:3500-11. [PMID: 26295483 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00659g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic cervical pain is a common symptom of sedentary office workers. Black soybean (Glycine max var.) has rich necessary nutrients for the therapy of chronic pain. Thus, it may ease chronic cervical pain. To prove our claim, 260 sedentary office workers with chronic pain were recruited and they consumed the defined diets at breakfast, lunch, and dinner with 1 g, 5 g and 10 g (3 g, 15 g, 30 g daily) cooked black soybean for 24 weeks. Visual analog scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI) pain scores and short-form 36 (SF-36) health survey questionnaires were applied in the study. The levels of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) were measured. The VAS and NDI pain scores reduced and SF-36 scores increased in a 15 or 30 g black soybean daily group compared with a 3 g black soybean daily group after a 24-week therapy (P < 0.05). The 30 g black soybean daily group was better than the 15 g black soybean daily group in relieving chronic cervical pain of sedentary office workers (p < 0.05). The levels of NMDAR were lower in the 15 or 30 black soybean daily group than those in the 3 g black soybean daily group (P < 0.05). Black soybean can ameliorate chronic cervical pain by down-regulating the levels of NMDAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Li
- The Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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33
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Escribá PV, Busquets X, Inokuchi JI, Balogh G, Török Z, Horváth I, Harwood JL, Vígh L. Membrane lipid therapy: Modulation of the cell membrane composition and structure as a molecular base for drug discovery and new disease treatment. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 59:38-53. [PMID: 25969421 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays we understand cell membranes not as a simple double lipid layer but as a collection of complex and dynamic protein-lipid structures and microdomains that serve as functional platforms for interacting signaling lipids and proteins. Membrane lipids and lipid structures participate directly as messengers or regulators of signal transduction. In addition, protein-lipid interactions participate in the localization of signaling protein partners to specific membrane microdomains. Thus, lipid alterations change cell signaling that are associated with a variety of diseases including cancer, obesity, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular pathologies, etc. This article reviews the newly emerging field of membrane lipid therapy which involves the pharmacological regulation of membrane lipid composition and structure for the treatment of diseases. Membrane lipid therapy proposes the use of new molecules specifically designed to modify membrane lipid structures and microdomains as pharmaceutical disease-modifying agents by reversing the malfunction or altering the expression of disease-specific protein or lipid signal cascades. Here, we provide an in-depth analysis of this emerging field, especially its molecular bases and its relevance to the development of innovative therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo V Escribá
- Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Xavier Busquets
- Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jin-ichi Inokuchi
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Gábor Balogh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Török
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ibolya Horváth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK.
| | - László Vígh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.
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34
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Suardíaz M, Galan-Arriero I, Avila-Martin G, Estivill-Torrús G, de Fonseca FR, Chun J, Gómez-Soriano J, Bravo-Esteban E, Taylor J. Spinal cord compression injury in lysophosphatidic acid 1 receptor-null mice promotes maladaptive pronociceptive descending control. Eur J Pain 2015; 20:176-85. [PMID: 25820316 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although activation of the lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPA1) is known to mediate pronociceptive effects in peripheral pain models, the role of this receptor in the modulation of spinal nociception following spinal cord injury (SCI) is unknown. AIM In this study, LPA1 regulation of spinal excitability mediated by supraspinal descending antinociceptive control systems was assessed following SCI in both wild-type (WT) and maLPA1-null receptor mice. METHODS The effect of a T8 spinal compression in WT and maLPA1-null mice was assessed up to 1 month after SCI using histological, immunohistochemical and behavioural techniques analysis including electrophysiological recording of noxious toes-Tibialis Anterior (TA) stimulus-response reflex activity. The effect of a T3 paraspinal transcutaneous electrical conditioning stimulus on TA noxious reflex temporal summation was also assessed. RESULTS Histological analysis demonstrated greater dorsolateral funiculus damage after SCI in maLPA1-null mice, without a change in the stimulus-response function of the TA noxious reflex when compared to WT mice. While T3 conditioning stimulation in the WT group inhibited noxious TA reflex temporal summation after SCI, this stimulus strongly excited TA reflex temporal summation in maLPA1-null mice. The functional switch from descending inhibition to maladaptive facilitation of central excitability of spinal nociception demonstrated in maLPA1-null mice after SCI was unrelated to a general change in reflex activity. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the LPA1 receptor is necessary for inhibition of temporal summation of noxious reflex activity, partly mediated via long-tract descending modulatory systems acting at the spinal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suardíaz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional de Málaga y Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - I Galan-Arriero
- Sensorimotor Function Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Toledo, Spain
| | - G Avila-Martin
- Sensorimotor Function Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Toledo, Spain
| | - G Estivill-Torrús
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional de Málaga y Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - F R de Fonseca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional de Malaga y Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain
| | - J Chun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Centre The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | - J Gómez-Soriano
- Grupo de Investigación en Fisioterapia Toledo (GIFTO), E.U.E. Fisioterapia de Toledo, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, USA
| | - E Bravo-Esteban
- Neurorehabilitation Group, Instituto Cajal, Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Taylor
- Sensorimotor Function Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Toledo, Spain.,Stoke Mandeville Spinal Research, National Spinal Injuries Centre, Aylesbury, UK
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Galan-Arriero I, Avila-Martin G, Ferrer-Donato A, Gomez-Soriano J, Bravo-Esteban E, Taylor J. Oral administration of the p38α MAPK inhibitor, UR13870, inhibits affective pain behavior after spinal cord injury. Pain 2014; 155:2188-98. [PMID: 25180015 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The p38α mitogenous activated protein kinase (MAPK) cell signaling pathway is a key mechanism of microglia activation and has been studied as a target for neuropathic pain. The effect of UR13870, a p38α MAPK inhibitor, on microglia expression in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and spinal dorsal horn was addressed after T9 contusion spinal cord injury (SCI) in the rat, in addition to behavioral testing of pain-related aversion and anxiety. Administration of intravenous UR13870 (1mg/kg i.v.) and pregabalin (30 mg/kg i.v.) reduced place escape avoidance paradigm (PEAP) but did not affect open-field anxiety behavior 42 days after SCI. PEAP behavior was also reduced in animals administered daily with oral UR13870 (10mg/kg p.o.) and preserved spinal tissue 28 days after SCI. Although UR13870 (10mg/kg p.o.) failed to reduce OX-42 and glial fibrillar acid protein immunoreactivity within the spinal dorsal horn, a reduction toward the control level was observed close to the SCI site. In the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a significant increase in OX-42 immunoreactivity was identified after SCI. UR13870 (10mg/kg p.o.) treatment significantly reduced OX-42, metabotropic glutamate type 5 receptor (mGluR5), and NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) 2B subunit receptor (NR2B) expression in the ACC after SCI. To conclude, oral treatment with a p38α MAPK inhibitor reduces the affective behavioral component of pain after SCI in association with a reduction of microglia and specific glutamate receptors within the ACC. Nevertheless the role of neuroinflammatory processes within the vicinity of the SCI site in the development of affective neuropathic pain cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iriana Galan-Arriero
- Sensorimotor Function Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Gerardo Avila-Martin
- Sensorimotor Function Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Agueda Ferrer-Donato
- Sensorimotor Function Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Julio Gomez-Soriano
- Sensorimotor Function Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain; E.U.E. Fisioterapia de Toledo, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Bravo-Esteban
- Sensorimotor Function Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain; IAI, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Arganda del Rey, Spain
| | - Julian Taylor
- Sensorimotor Function Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain.
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Activation of spinal glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors specifically suppresses pain hypersensitivity. J Neurosci 2014; 34:5322-34. [PMID: 24719110 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4703-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to identify the inhibitory role of the spinal glucagon like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) signaling in pain hypersensitivity and its mechanism of action in rats and mice. First, GLP-1Rs were identified to be specifically expressed on microglial cells in the spinal dorsal horn, and profoundly upregulated after peripheral nerve injury. In addition, intrathecal GLP-1R agonists GLP-1(7-36) and exenatide potently alleviated formalin-, peripheral nerve injury-, bone cancer-, and diabetes-induced hypersensitivity states by 60-90%, without affecting acute nociceptive responses. The antihypersensitive effects of exenatide and GLP-1 were completely prevented by GLP-1R antagonism and GLP-1R gene knockdown. Furthermore, exenatide evoked β-endorphin release from both the spinal cord and cultured microglia. Exenatide antiallodynia was completely prevented by the microglial inhibitor minocycline, β-endorphin antiserum, and opioid receptor antagonist naloxone. Our results illustrate a novel spinal dorsal horn microglial GLP-1R/β-endorphin inhibitory pathway in a variety of pain hypersensitivity states.
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Polo-Hernández E, Tello V, Arroyo AA, Domínguez-Prieto M, de Castro F, Tabernero A, Medina JM. Oleic acid synthesized by stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) in the lateral periventricular zone of the developing rat brain mediates neuronal growth, migration and the arrangement of prospective synapses. Brain Res 2014; 1570:13-25. [PMID: 24836198 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Our previous work has shown that oleic acid synthesized by astrocytes in response to serum albumin behaves as a neurotrophic factor in neurons, upregulating the expression of GAP-43 and MAP-2 proteins, which are respectively markers of axonal and dendrite growth. In addition, oleic acid promoted neuron migration and aggregation, resulting in clusters of neurons connected each other by the newly formed neurites. In this work we show that the presence of albumin or albumin plus oleic acid increases neuron migration in cultured explants of the lateral periventricular zone, resulting in an increase in the number of GAP-43-positive neurons leaving the explant. Upon silencing stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), a key enzyme in oleic acid synthesis by RNA of interference mostly prevented the effect of albumin but not that of albumin plus oleic acid, suggesting that the oleic acid synthesized due to the effect of albumin would be responsible for the increase in neuron migration. Oleic acid increased doublecortin (DCX) expression in cultured neurons, explants and organotypic slices, suggesting that DCX may mediate in the effect of oleic acid on neuron migration. The effect of oleic acid on neuron migration may be destined for the formation of synapses because the presence of oleic acid increased the expression of synaptotagmin and that of postsynaptic density protein (PDS-95), respectively markers of the pre- and postsynaptic compartments. In addition, confocal microscopy revealed the occurrence of points of colocalization between synaptotagmin and PDS-95, which is consistent with the idea that oleic acid promotes synapse arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Polo-Hernández
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
| | - Vega Tello
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
| | - Angel A Arroyo
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Fernando de Castro
- Grupo de Neurobiología del Desarrollo-GNDe, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Toledo, Spain
| | - Arantxa Tabernero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
| | - José M Medina
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Spain.
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Avila-Martin G, Galan-Arriero I, Ferrer-Donato A, Busquets X, Gomez-Soriano J, Escribá PV, Taylor J. Oral 2-hydroxyoleic acid inhibits reflex hypersensitivity and open-field-induced anxiety after spared nerve injury. Eur J Pain 2014; 19:111-22. [PMID: 24824524 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, fatty acids have been shown to modulate sensory function in animal models of neuropathic pain. In this study, the antinociceptive effect of 2-hydroxyoleic acid (2-OHOA) was assessed following spared nerve injury (SNI) with reflex and cerebrally mediated behavioural responses. METHODS Initial antinociceptive behavioural screening of daily administration of 2-OHOA (400 mg/kg, p.o.) was assessed in Wistar rats by measuring hindlimb reflex hypersensitivity to von Frey and thermal plate stimulation up to 7 days after SNI, while its modulatory effect on lumbar spinal dorsal horn microglia reactivity was assessed with OX-42 immunohistochemistry. In vitro the effect of 2-OHOA (120 μM) on cyclooxygenase protein expression (COX-2/COX-1 ratio) in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophage cells was tested with Western blot analysis. Finally, the effects of 2-OHOA treatment on the place escape aversion paradigm (PEAP) and the open-field-induced anxiety test were tested at 21 days following nerve injury compared with vehicle-treated sham and pregabalin-SNI (30 mg/kg, p.o.) control groups. RESULTS Oral 2-OHOA significantly reduced ipsilateral mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity up to 7 days after SNI. Additionally 2-OHOA decreased the COX-2/COX-1 ratio in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophage cells and OX-42 expression within the ipsilateral lumbar spinal dorsal horn 7 days after SNI. 2-OHOA significantly restored inner-zone exploration in the open-field test compared with the vehicle-treated sham group at 21 days after SNI. CONCLUSIONS Oral administration of the modified omega 9 fatty acid, 2-OHOA, mediates antinociception and prevents open-field-induced anxiety in the SNI model in Wistar rats, which is mediated by an inhibition of spinal dorsal horn microglia activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Avila-Martin
- Sensorimotor Function Group, SESCAM, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Toledo, Spain
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Bravo-Esteban E, Taylor J, Aleixandre M, Simon-Martínez C, Torricelli D, Pons JL, Gómez-Soriano J. Tibialis Anterior muscle coherence during controlled voluntary activation in patients with spinal cord injury: diagnostic potential for muscle strength, gait and spasticity. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2014; 11:23. [PMID: 24594207 PMCID: PMC3973993 DOI: 10.1186/1743-0003-11-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coherence estimation has been used as an indirect measure of voluntary neurocontrol of residual motor activity following spinal cord injury (SCI). Here intramuscular Tibialis Anterior (TA) coherence estimation was performed within specific frequency bands for the 10-60 Hz bandwidth during controlled ankle dorsiflexion in subjects with incomplete SCI with and without spasticity. Methods In the first cohort study 15 non-injured and 14 motor incomplete SCI subjects were recruited to evaluate TA coherence during controlled movement. Specifically 15-30 Hz EMG was recorded during dorsiflexion with: i) isometric activation at 50, 75 and 100% of maximal voluntary torque (MVT), ii) isokinetic activation at 60 and 120°/s and iii) isotonic dorsiflexion at 50% MVT. Following identification of the motor tasks necessary for measurement of optimal TA coherence a second cohort was analyzed within the 10-16 Hz, 15-30 Hz, 24-40 Hz and 40-60 Hz bandwidths from 22 incomplete SCI subjects, with and without spasticity. Results Intramuscular 40-60 Hz, but not 15-30 Hz TA, coherence calculated in SCI subjects during isometric activation at 100% of MVT was lower than the control group. In contrast only isometric activation at 100% of MVT 15-30 Hz TA coherence was higher in subjects with less severe SCI (AIS D vs. AIS C), and correlated functionally with dorsiflexion MVT. Higher TA coherence was observed for the SCI group during 120°/s isokinetic movement. In addition 15-30 Hz TA coherence calculated during isometric activation at 100% MVT or 120°/s isokinetic movement correlated moderately with walking function and time from SCI, respectively. Spasticity symptoms correlated negatively with coherence during isometric activation at 100% of MVT in all tested frequency bands, except for 15-30 Hz. Specifically, 10-16 Hz coherence correlated inversely with passive resistive torque to ankle dorsiflexion, while clinical measures of muscle hypertonia and spasm severity correlated inversely with 40-60 Hz. Conclusion Analysis of intramuscular 15-30 Hz TA coherence during isometric activation at 100% of MVT is related to muscle strength and gait function following incomplete SCI. In contrast several spasticity symptoms correlated negatively with 10-16 Hz and 40-60 Hz TA coherence during isometric activation at 100% MVT. Validation of the diagnostic potential of TA coherence estimation as a reliable and comprehensive measure of muscle strength, gait and spasticity should facilitate SCI neurorehabilation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Julio Gómez-Soriano
- Sensorimotor Function Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Toledo, Spain.
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Fandel D, Wasmuht D, Avila-Martín G, Taylor JS, Galán-Arriero I, Mey J. Spinal cord injury induced changes of nuclear receptors PPARα and LXRβ and modulation with oleic acid/albumin treatment. Brain Res 2013; 1535:89-105. [PMID: 23958344 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies with animal models of spinal cord injury (SCI) pharmacological activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR) and liver X receptors (LXR) were used to reduce tissue damage and promote behavioral recovery in animal models. We have studied the endogenous expression of the transcription factors PPARα and LXRβ in the chronic stage after SCI in rats. The immunohistochemical investigation revealed a long lasting increase in the level of PPARα in white matter in the vicinity of the lesion site. The source of this signal was identified in a subpopulation of astrocytes outside of the glial scar area. Intrathecal injections of oleic acid/albumin reduced the lesion-induced PPARα immunoreactivity. In addition, ependymal cells displayed a prominent PPARα signal in the non-injured spinal cord, and continued to express the receptor as they proliferated and migrated within the damaged tissue. The nuclear receptor LXRβ was detected at similar levels after SCI as in sham operated animals. We found high levels of immunoreactivity in the gray matter, while in the white matter it was present in subpopulations of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Macrophages that had accumulated within the center of the lesion contained LXRβ in their cell nuclei. Possible endogenous functions of PPARα and LXRβ after SCI are discussed, specifically the control of fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism and the regulation of inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fandel
- Laboratorio Regeneración Nerviosa, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla la Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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Albu S, Gómez-Soriano J, Bravo-Esteban E, Palazon R, Kumru H, Avila-Martin G, Galán-Arriero I, Taylor J. Modulation of thermal somatosensory thresholds within local and remote spinal dermatomes following cervical repetitive magnetic stimulation. Neurosci Lett 2013; 555:237-42. [PMID: 23850607 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive magnetic stimulation (rMS) modulates thermal somatosensory function at both low (0.2-1.0Hz) and high (5.0-20.0Hz) frequencies within the conditioned dermatome. However the effects of 1Hz and 20Hz cervical (C6-C7) rMS on thermosensory thresholds and contact heat evoked potentials (CHEPs) tested within local and remote spinal dermatomes are not known. METHODS Thirty healthy subjects participated in the study. Warm and cold detection threshold, heat and cold pain thresholds, and Cz/Fz CHEPs were evaluated within the C6, T10 and extrasegmental V3 control dermatome, before and after random assignment of subjects to sham, 1 or 20Hz C6-C7 rMS. RESULTS Following both 1 and 20Hz cervical rMS, warm detection threshold increased within the local C6 dermatome. Furthermore 1Hz cervical rMS increased warm detection threshold within the remote T10 dermatome, but not within the V3-trigeminal control area. Cervical rMS failed to modulate cold detection threshold, heat and cold pain threshold or Cz/Fz CHEP amplitude from the dermatomal test sites. CONCLUSION Both 1 and 20Hz cervical rMS modulated warm detection threshold within the locally conditioned C6 dermatome. The concomitant increase in warm detection threshold within the T10 dermatome following 1Hz rMS provides evidence for remote neuromodulation of thermosensory function via intraspinal control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu Albu
- Sensorimotor Function Group, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos SESCAM, Finca "La Peraleda", Toledo 45071, Spain.
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Liang L, Mendell LM. Bilateral transient changes in thalamic nucleus ventroposterior lateralis after thoracic hemisection in the rat. J Neurophysiol 2013; 110:942-51. [PMID: 23741041 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00998.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We made simultaneous bilateral recordings of unit activity in the nucleus ventroposterior lateralis (VPL) in intact rats and after acute and chronic left thoracic hemisection. We observed an immediate bilateral decline in multireceptive units, reflecting a loss of nociceptive input on the lesion side and a loss of low-threshold inputs contralaterally. Unit properties were restored to normal by 6 wk. Mean spontaneous discharge frequency remained unchanged in left VPL at all intervals. Right VPL displayed a substantial increase in spontaneous discharge frequency at 2 and 4 wk, returning to normal by 6 wk. Activity in left VPL driven by Pinch or Brush of the right limb was unchanged except for an immediate decrease in the response to Pinch, which was reversed by 2 wk despite persistent left hemisection. In right VPL, the response to Pinch or Brush of the left hindlimb was enhanced at 2 and 4 wk but returned to normal by 6 wk. Behaviorally, the same rats displayed increased sensitivity to mechanical stimulation of the left hindlimb, but, unlike VPL activity, there was no significant behavioral recovery. Bursting cells were also observed bilaterally in VPL, but this did not match the restriction of scratches to the hindlimb contralateral to the hemisection considered to be evidence for neuropathic pain. The novel findings include recovery of responsiveness to Pinch on the side ipsilateral to the hemisection despite the lack of spinothalamic input as well as failure for the thalamus contralateral to hemisection to maintain its elevated responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liang
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5230, USA
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Hijazi M, Fillat C, Medina JM, Velasco A. Overexpression of DYRK1A inhibits choline acetyltransferase induction by oleic acid in cellular models of Down syndrome. Exp Neurol 2013; 239:229-34. [PMID: 23124096 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Histological brain studies of individuals with DS have revealed an aberrant formation of the cerebral cortex. Previous work from our laboratory has shown that oleic acid acts as a neurotrophic factor and induces neuronal differentiation. In order to characterize the effects of oleic acid in a cellular model of DS, immortalized cell lines derived from the cortex of trisomy Ts16 (CTb) and normal mice (CNh) were incubated in the absence or presence of oleic acid. Oleic acid increased choline acetyltransferase expression (ChAT), a marker of cholinergic differentiation in CNh cells. However, in trisomic cells (CTb line) oleic acid failed to increase ChAT expression. These results suggest that the overdose of specific genes in trisomic lines delays differentiation in the presence of oleic acid by inhibiting acetylcholine production mediated by ChAT. The dual-specificity tyrosine (Y) phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) gene is located on human chromosome 21 and encodes a proline-directed protein kinase. It has been proposed that DYRK1A plays a prominent role in several biological functions, leading to mental retardation in DS patients. Here we explored the potential role of DYRK1A in the modulation of ChAT expression in trisomic cells and in the signaling pathways of oleic acid. Down-regulation of DYRK1A by siRNA in trisomic CTb cells rescued ChAT expression up to levels similar to those of normal cells in the presence of oleic acid. In agreement with these results, oleic acid was unable to increase ChAT expression in neuronal cultures of transgenic mice overexpressing DYRK1A. In summary, our results highlight the role played by DYRK1A in brain development through the control of ChAT expression. In addition, the overexpression of DYRK1A in DS models prevented the neurotrophic effect of oleic acid, a fact that may account for mental retardation in DS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruan Hijazi
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, (IBSAL), Spain
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Finnerup NB, Baastrup C. Spinal Cord Injury Pain: Mechanisms and Management. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2012; 16:207-16. [PMID: 22392531 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-012-0259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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