1
|
Burmakin M, Gilmour PS, Gram M, Shushakova N, Sandoval RM, Molitoris BA, Larsson TE. Therapeutic α-1-microglobulin ameliorates kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 327:F103-F112. [PMID: 38779750 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00067.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
α-1-Microglobulin (A1M) is a circulating glycoprotein with antioxidant, heme-binding, and mitochondrial protection properties. The investigational drug RMC-035, a modified therapeutic A1M protein, was assessed for biodistribution and pharmacological activity in a broad set of in vitro and in vivo experiments, supporting its clinical development. Efficacy and treatment posology were assessed in various models of kidney ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI). Real-time glomerular filtration rate (GFR), functional renal biomarkers, tubular injury biomarkers (NGAL and KIM-1), and histopathology were evaluated. Fluorescently labeled RMC-035 was used to assess biodistribution. RMC-035 demonstrated consistent and reproducible kidney protection in rat IRI models as well as in a model of IRI imposed on renal impairment and in a mouse IRI model, where it reduced mortality. Its pharmacological activity was most pronounced with combined dosing pre- and post-ischemia and weaker with either pre- or post-ischemia dosing alone. RMC-035 rapidly distributed to the kidneys via glomerular filtration and selective luminal uptake by proximal tubular cells. IRI-induced expression of kidney heme oxygenase-1 was inhibited by RMC-035, consistent with its antioxidative properties. RMC-035 also dampened IRI-associated inflammation and improved mitochondrial function, as shown by tubular autofluorescence. Taken together, the efficacy of RMC-035 is congruent with its targeted mechanism(s) and biodistribution profile, supporting its further clinical evaluation as a novel kidney-protective therapy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A therapeutic A1M protein variant (RMC-035) is currently in phase 2 clinical development for renal protection in patients undergoing open-chest cardiac surgery. It targets several key pathways underlying kidney injury in this patient group, including oxidative stress, heme toxicity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. RMC-035 is rapidly eliminated from plasma, distributing to kidney proximal tubules, and demonstrates dose-dependent efficacy in numerous models of ischemia-reperfusion injury, particularly when administered before ischemia. These results support its continued clinical evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Burmakin
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
- Guard Therapeutics International AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Magnus Gram
- Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neonatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nelli Shushakova
- Renal Disease and Transplantation, Phenos GmbH, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruben M Sandoval
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Bruce A Molitoris
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Tobias E Larsson
- Guard Therapeutics International AB, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Torres Iglesias G, Fernández-Fournier M, Botella L, Piniella D, Laso-García F, Carmen Gómez-de Frutos M, Chamorro B, Puertas I, Tallón Barranco A, Fuentes B, Alonso de Leciñana M, Alonso-López E, Bravo SB, Eugenia Miranda-Carús M, Montero-Calle A, Barderas R, Díez-Tejedor E, Gutiérrez-Fernández M, Otero-Ortega L. Brain and immune system-derived extracellular vesicles mediate regulation of complement system, extracellular matrix remodeling, brain repair and antigen tolerance in Multiple sclerosis. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 113:44-55. [PMID: 37406976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated central nervous system disease whose course is unpredictable. Finding biomarkers that help to better comprehend the disease's pathogenesis is crucial for supporting clinical decision-making. Blood extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound particles secreted by all cell types that contain information on the disease's pathological processes. PURPOSE To identify the immune and nervous system-derived EV profile from blood that could have a specific role as biomarker in MS and assess its possible correlation with disease state. RESULTS Higher levels of T cell-derived EVs and smaller size of neuron-derived EVs were associated with clinical relapse. The smaller size of the oligodendrocyte-derived EVs was related with motor and cognitive impairment. The proteomic analysis identified mannose-binding lectin serine protease 1 and complement factor H from immune system cell-derived EVs as autoimmune disease-associated proteins. We observed hepatocyte growth factor-like protein in EVs from T cells and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 2 from neurons as white matter injury-related proteins. In patients with MS, a specific protein profile was found in the EVs, higher levels of alpha-1-microglobulin and fibrinogen β chain, lower levels of C1S and gelsolin in the immune system-released vesicles, and Talin-1 overexpression in oligodendrocyte EVs. These specific MS-associated proteins, as well as myelin basic protein in oligodendrocyte EVs, correlated with disease activity in the patients with MS. CONCLUSION Neural-derived and immune-derived EVs found in blood appear to be good specific biomarkers in MS for reflecting the disease state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Torres Iglesias
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area of Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireya Fernández-Fournier
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area of Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Botella
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area of Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Piniella
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area of Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Laso-García
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area of Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Gómez-de Frutos
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area of Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Chamorro
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area of Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Puertas
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area of Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Tallón Barranco
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area of Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Fuentes
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area of Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Alonso de Leciñana
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area of Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Alonso-López
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area of Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana B Bravo
- Proteomic Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Eugenia Miranda-Carús
- Immuno-rheumatology Research Laboratory, Rheumatology Department, Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Montero-Calle
- Chronic Disease Programme, UFIEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Chronic Disease Programme, UFIEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Exuperio Díez-Tejedor
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area of Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area of Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Otero-Ortega
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neuroscience Area of Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Trilla-Fuertes L, Gámez-Pozo A, Prado-Vázquez G, López-Vacas R, Soriano V, Garicano F, Lecumberri MJ, Rodríguez de la Borbolla M, Majem M, Pérez-Ruiz E, González-Cao M, Oramas J, Magdaleno A, Fra J, Martín-Carnicero A, Corral M, Puértolas T, Ramos-Ruiz R, Dittmann A, Nanni P, Fresno Vara JÁ, Espinosa E. Multi-omics Characterization of Response to PD-1 Inhibitors in Advanced Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4407. [PMID: 37686682 PMCID: PMC10486782 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy improves the survival of patients with advanced melanoma, 40% of whom become long-term responders. However, not all patients respond to immunotherapy. Further knowledge of the processes involved in the response and resistance to immunotherapy is still needed. In this study, clinical paraffin samples from fifty-two advanced melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1 inhibitors were assessed via high-throughput proteomics and RNA-seq. The obtained proteomics and transcriptomics data were analyzed using multi-omics network analyses based on probabilistic graphical models to identify those biological processes involved in the response to immunotherapy. Additionally, proteins related to overall survival were studied. The activity of the node formed by the proteins involved in protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and antigen presentation machinery was higher in responders compared to non-responders; the activity of the immune and inflammatory response node was also higher in those with complete or partial responses. A predictor for overall survival based on two proteins (AMBP and PDSM5) was defined. In summary, the response to anti-PD-1 therapy in advanced melanoma is related to protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and also to genes involved in the immune and inflammatory responses. Finally, a two-protein predictor can define survival in advanced disease. The molecular characterization of the mechanisms involved in the response and resistance to immunotherapy in melanoma leads the way to establishing therapeutic alternatives for patients who will not respond to this treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Trilla-Fuertes
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.T.-F.); (A.G.-P.); (G.P.-V.); (R.L.-V.); (J.Á.F.V.)
| | - Angelo Gámez-Pozo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.T.-F.); (A.G.-P.); (G.P.-V.); (R.L.-V.); (J.Á.F.V.)
- Biomedica Molecular Medicine SL, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Prado-Vázquez
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.T.-F.); (A.G.-P.); (G.P.-V.); (R.L.-V.); (J.Á.F.V.)
- Biomedica Molecular Medicine SL, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío López-Vacas
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.T.-F.); (A.G.-P.); (G.P.-V.); (R.L.-V.); (J.Á.F.V.)
| | - Virtudes Soriano
- Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, 46009 Valencia, Spain;
- Spanish Melanoma Group (GEM), 08024 Barcelona, Spain; (F.G.); (M.J.L.); (M.R.d.l.B.); (M.M.); (E.P.-R.); (M.G.-C.); (J.O.); (A.M.); (J.F.); (M.C.); (T.P.)
| | - Fernando Garicano
- Spanish Melanoma Group (GEM), 08024 Barcelona, Spain; (F.G.); (M.J.L.); (M.R.d.l.B.); (M.M.); (E.P.-R.); (M.G.-C.); (J.O.); (A.M.); (J.F.); (M.C.); (T.P.)
- Hospital de Galdakao, 48960 Galdakao, Spain
| | - M. José Lecumberri
- Spanish Melanoma Group (GEM), 08024 Barcelona, Spain; (F.G.); (M.J.L.); (M.R.d.l.B.); (M.M.); (E.P.-R.); (M.G.-C.); (J.O.); (A.M.); (J.F.); (M.C.); (T.P.)
- Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez de la Borbolla
- Spanish Melanoma Group (GEM), 08024 Barcelona, Spain; (F.G.); (M.J.L.); (M.R.d.l.B.); (M.M.); (E.P.-R.); (M.G.-C.); (J.O.); (A.M.); (J.F.); (M.C.); (T.P.)
- Hospital de Valme, 41014 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Margarita Majem
- Spanish Melanoma Group (GEM), 08024 Barcelona, Spain; (F.G.); (M.J.L.); (M.R.d.l.B.); (M.M.); (E.P.-R.); (M.G.-C.); (J.O.); (A.M.); (J.F.); (M.C.); (T.P.)
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Pérez-Ruiz
- Spanish Melanoma Group (GEM), 08024 Barcelona, Spain; (F.G.); (M.J.L.); (M.R.d.l.B.); (M.M.); (E.P.-R.); (M.G.-C.); (J.O.); (A.M.); (J.F.); (M.C.); (T.P.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros (UGCI) de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - María González-Cao
- Spanish Melanoma Group (GEM), 08024 Barcelona, Spain; (F.G.); (M.J.L.); (M.R.d.l.B.); (M.M.); (E.P.-R.); (M.G.-C.); (J.O.); (A.M.); (J.F.); (M.C.); (T.P.)
- Hospital Quirón Dexeus, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juana Oramas
- Spanish Melanoma Group (GEM), 08024 Barcelona, Spain; (F.G.); (M.J.L.); (M.R.d.l.B.); (M.M.); (E.P.-R.); (M.G.-C.); (J.O.); (A.M.); (J.F.); (M.C.); (T.P.)
- Hospital Universitario de Canarias-San Cristóbal de la Laguna, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alejandra Magdaleno
- Spanish Melanoma Group (GEM), 08024 Barcelona, Spain; (F.G.); (M.J.L.); (M.R.d.l.B.); (M.M.); (E.P.-R.); (M.G.-C.); (J.O.); (A.M.); (J.F.); (M.C.); (T.P.)
- Hospital Universitario de Elche y Vega Baja, 03203 Alicante, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fra
- Spanish Melanoma Group (GEM), 08024 Barcelona, Spain; (F.G.); (M.J.L.); (M.R.d.l.B.); (M.M.); (E.P.-R.); (M.G.-C.); (J.O.); (A.M.); (J.F.); (M.C.); (T.P.)
- Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Martín-Carnicero
- Spanish Melanoma Group (GEM), 08024 Barcelona, Spain; (F.G.); (M.J.L.); (M.R.d.l.B.); (M.M.); (E.P.-R.); (M.G.-C.); (J.O.); (A.M.); (J.F.); (M.C.); (T.P.)
- Hospital San Pedro, 27347 Logroño, Spain
| | - Mónica Corral
- Spanish Melanoma Group (GEM), 08024 Barcelona, Spain; (F.G.); (M.J.L.); (M.R.d.l.B.); (M.M.); (E.P.-R.); (M.G.-C.); (J.O.); (A.M.); (J.F.); (M.C.); (T.P.)
- Hospital Clínico Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Teresa Puértolas
- Spanish Melanoma Group (GEM), 08024 Barcelona, Spain; (F.G.); (M.J.L.); (M.R.d.l.B.); (M.M.); (E.P.-R.); (M.G.-C.); (J.O.); (A.M.); (J.F.); (M.C.); (T.P.)
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Antje Dittmann
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University/ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.D.); (P.N.)
| | - Paolo Nanni
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University/ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.D.); (P.N.)
| | - Juan Ángel Fresno Vara
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.T.-F.); (A.G.-P.); (G.P.-V.); (R.L.-V.); (J.Á.F.V.)
- Biomedica Molecular Medicine SL, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Espinosa
- Spanish Melanoma Group (GEM), 08024 Barcelona, Spain; (F.G.); (M.J.L.); (M.R.d.l.B.); (M.M.); (E.P.-R.); (M.G.-C.); (J.O.); (A.M.); (J.F.); (M.C.); (T.P.)
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28222 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mazer CD, Siadati-Fini N, Boehm J, Wirth F, Myjavec A, Brown CD, Koyner JL, Boening A, Engelman DT, Larsson TE, Renfurm R, de Varennes B, Noiseux N, Thielmann M, Lamy A, Laflamme M, von Groote T, Ronco C, Zarbock A. Study protocol of a phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, adaptive, parallel group clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant alpha-1-microglobulin in subjects at high risk for acute kidney injury following open-chest cardiac surgery (AKITA trial). BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068363. [PMID: 37024249 PMCID: PMC10410810 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after cardiac surgery (CS) and is associated with adverse short-term and long-term outcomes. Alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M) is a circulating glycoprotein with antioxidant, heme binding and mitochondrial-protective mechanisms. RMC-035 is a modified, more soluble, variant of A1M and has been proposed as a novel targeted therapeutic protein to prevent CS-associated AKI (CS-AKI). RMC-035 was considered safe and generally well tolerated when evaluated in four clinical phase 1 studies. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, adaptive design, parallel group clinical study that evaluates RMC-035 compared with placebo in approximately 268 cardiac surgical patients at high risk for CS-AKI. RMC-035 is administered as an intravenous infusion. In total, five doses will be given. Dosing is based on presurgery estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and will be either 1.3 or 0.65 mg/kg.The primary study objective is to evaluate whether RMC-035 reduces the incidence of postoperative AKI, and key secondary objectives are to evaluate whether RMC-035 improves postoperative renal function compared with placebo. A blinded interim analysis with potential sample size reassessment is planned once 134 randomised subjects have completed dosing. An independent data monitoring committee will evaluate safety and efficacy data at prespecified intervals throughout the trial. The study is a global multicentre study at approximately 30 sites. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The trial was approved by the joint ethics committee of the physician chamber Westfalen-Lippe and the University of Münster (code '2021-778 f-A') and subsequently approved by the responsible ethics committees/relevant institutional review boards for the participating sites. The study is conducted in accordance with Good Clinical Practice, the Declaration of Helsinki and other applicable regulations. Results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05126303.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Johannes Boehm
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Technische Universität München, Munchen, Germany
- Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Centre Munich, Munchen, Germany
| | - Felix Wirth
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Technische Universität München, Munchen, Germany
- Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Centre Munich, Munchen, Germany
| | - Andrej Myjavec
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Craig D Brown
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, New Brunswick Heart Centre, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jay L Koyner
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andreas Boening
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniel T Engelman
- Heart and Vascular Program, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Ronny Renfurm
- Global Drug Development Unit Cardio-Renal-Metabolism, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benoit de Varennes
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Noiseux
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Matthias Thielmann
- Department for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andre Lamy
- Department for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maxime Laflamme
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, University of Quebec, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thilo von Groote
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Claudio Ronco
- International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, San Bortolo Hospital of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Munster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kristiansson A, Örbom A, Vilhelmsson Timmermand O, Ahlstedt J, Strand SE, Åkerström B. Kidney Protection with the Radical Scavenger α 1-Microglobulin (A1M) during Peptide Receptor Radionuclide and Radioligand Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081271. [PMID: 34439519 PMCID: PMC8389303 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
α1-Microglobulin (A1M) is an antioxidant found in all vertebrates, including humans. It has enzymatic reductase activity and can scavenge radicals and bind free heme groups. Infused recombinant A1M accumulates in the kidneys and has therefore been successful in protecting kidney injuries in different animal models. In this review, we focus on A1M as a radioprotector of the kidneys during peptide receptor radionuclide/radioligand therapy (PRRT/RLT). Patients with, e.g., neuroendocrine tumors or castration resistant prostate cancer can be treated by administration of radiolabeled small molecules which target and therefore enable the irradiation and killing of cancer cells through specific receptor interaction. The treatment is not curative, and kidney toxicity has been reported as a side effect since the small, radiolabeled substances are retained and excreted through the kidneys. In recent studies, A1M was shown to have radioprotective effects on cell cultures as well as having a similar biodistribution as the somatostatin analogue peptide 177Lu-DOTATATE after intravenous infusion in mice. Therefore, several animal studies were conducted to investigate the in vivo radioprotective potential of A1M towards kidneys. The results of these studies demonstrated that A1M co-infusion yielded protection against kidney toxicity and improved overall survival in mouse models. Moreover, two different mouse studies reported that A1M did not interfere with tumor treatment itself. Here, we give an overview of radionuclide therapy, the A1M physiology and the results from the radioprotector studies of the protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Kristiansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (A.Ö.); (O.V.T.); (S.-E.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anders Örbom
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (A.Ö.); (O.V.T.); (S.-E.S.)
| | - Oskar Vilhelmsson Timmermand
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (A.Ö.); (O.V.T.); (S.-E.S.)
| | - Jonas Ahlstedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, CIPA, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Sven-Erik Strand
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (A.Ö.); (O.V.T.); (S.-E.S.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section for Infection Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ferryl Hemoglobin and Heme Induce A 1-Microglobulin in Hemorrhaged Atherosclerotic Lesions with Inhibitory Function against Hemoglobin and Lipid Oxidation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136668. [PMID: 34206377 PMCID: PMC8268598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infiltration of red blood cells into atheromatous plaques and oxidation of hemoglobin (Hb) and lipoproteins are implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. α1-microglobulin (A1M) is a radical-scavenging and heme-binding protein. In this work, we examined the origin and role of A1M in human atherosclerotic lesions. Using immunohistochemistry, we observed a significant A1M immunoreactivity in atheromas and hemorrhaged plaques of carotid arteries in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and macrophages. The most prominent expression was detected in macrophages of organized hemorrhage. To reveal a possible inducer of A1M expression in ruptured lesions, we exposed aortic endothelial cells (ECs), SMCs and macrophages to heme, Oxy- and FerrylHb. Both heme and FerrylHb, but not OxyHb, upregulated A1M mRNA expression in all cell types. Importantly, only FerrylHb induced A1M protein secretion in aortic ECs, SMCs and macrophages. To assess the possible function of A1M in ruptured lesions, we analyzed Hb oxidation and heme-catalyzed lipid peroxidation in the presence of A1M. We showed that recombinant A1M markedly inhibited Hb oxidation and heme-driven oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins as well plaque lipids derived from atheromas. These results demonstrate the presence of A1M in atherosclerotic plaques and suggest its induction by heme and FerrylHb in the resident cells.
Collapse
|
7
|
Bergwik J, Kristiansson A, Larsson J, Ekström S, Åkerström B, Allhorn M. Binding of the human antioxidation protein α 1-microglobulin (A1M) to heparin and heparan sulfate. Mapping of binding site, molecular and functional characterization, and co-localization in vivo and in vitro. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101892. [PMID: 33607500 PMCID: PMC7900767 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are linear sulfated disaccharide polymers. Heparin is found mainly in mast cells, while heparan sulfate is found in connective tissue, extracellular matrix and on cell membranes in most tissues. α1-microglobulin (A1M) is a ubiquitous protein with thiol-dependent antioxidant properties, protecting cells and matrix against oxidative damage due to its reductase activities and radical- and heme-binding properties. In this work, it was shown that A1M binds to heparin and HS and can be purified from human plasma by heparin affinity chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. The binding strength is inversely dependent of salt concentration and proportional to the degree of sulfation of heparin and HS. Potential heparin binding sites, located on the outside of the barrel-shaped A1M molecule, were determined using hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). Immunostaining of endothelial cells revealed pericellular co-localization of A1M and HS and the staining of A1M was almost completely abolished after treatment with heparinase. A1M and HS were also found to be co-localized in vivo in the lungs, aorta, kidneys and skin of mice. The redox-active thiol group of A1M was unaffected by the binding to HS, and the cell protection and heme-binding abilities of A1M were slightly affected. The discovery of the binding of A1M to heparin and HS provides new insights into the biological role of A1M and represents the basis for a novel method for purification of A1M from plasma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Bergwik
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Amanda Kristiansson
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Larsson
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Simon Ekström
- Swedish National Infrastructure for Biological Mass Spectrometry (BioMS), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Allhorn
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mateus AP, Mourad M, Power DM. Skin damage caused by scale loss modifies the intestine of chronically stressed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:103989. [PMID: 33385418 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to test if the damage caused by scale loss provokes a change in other innate immune barriers such as the intestine and how chronic stress affects this response. Sea bream (Sparus aurata) were kept in tanks at low density (16 kg m-3, LD) or exposed to a chronic high density (45 kg m-3, HD) stress for 4 weeks. Scales were then removed (approximately 50%) from the left flank in the LD and HD fish. Intestine samples (n = 8/group) were examined before and at 12 h, 3 days and 7 days after scale removal. Changes in the morphology of the intestine revealed that chronic stress and scale loss was associated with intestinal inflammation. Specifically, enterocyte height and the width of the lamina propria, submucosa and muscle layer were significantly increased (p < 0.05) 3 days after skin damage in fish under chronic stress (HD) compared to other treatments (LDWgut3d or HDgut0h). This was associated with a significant up-regulation (p < 0.05) in the intestine of gene transcripts for cell proliferation (pcna) and anti-inflammatory cytokine tgfβ1 and down-regulation of gene transcripts for the pro-inflammatory cytokines tnf-α and il1β (p < 0.05) in HD and LD fish 3 days after scale removal compared to the undamaged control (LDgut0h). Furthermore, a significant up-regulation of kit, a marker of mast cells, in the intestine of HDWgut3d and LDWgut3d fish suggests they may mediate the crosstalk between immune barriers. Skin damage induced an increase in cortisol levels in the anterior intestine in HDWgut12 h fish and significant (p < 0.05) down-regulation of mr expression, irrespective of stress. These results suggest glucocorticoid levels and signalling in the intestine of fish are modified by superficial cutaneous wounds and it likely modulates intestine inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Patrícia Mateus
- Centro de Ciências Do Mar (CCMAR), Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Universidade Do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Escola Superior de Saúde, Universidade Do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Mona Mourad
- Laboratory of Fish Reproduction and Spawning, Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries, Kayet-bey, Al-Anfoushy, 21556, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Deborah M Power
- Centro de Ciências Do Mar (CCMAR), Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Universidade Do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bergwik J, Kristiansson A, Allhorn M, Gram M, Åkerström B. Structure, Functions, and Physiological Roles of the Lipocalin α 1-Microglobulin (A1M). Front Physiol 2021; 12:645650. [PMID: 33746781 PMCID: PMC7965949 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.645650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
α1-microglobulin (A1M) is found in all vertebrates including humans. A1M was, together with retinol-binding protein and β-lactoglobulin, one of the three original lipocalins when the family first was proposed in 1985. A1M is described as an antioxidant and tissue cleaning protein with reductase, heme- and radical-binding activities. These biochemical properties are driven by a strongly electronegative surface-exposed thiol group, C34, on loop 1 of the open end of the lipocalin barrel. A1M has been shown to have protective effects in vitro and in vivo in cell-, organ-, and animal models of oxidative stress-related medical conditions. The gene coding for A1M is unique among lipocalins since it is flanked downstream by four exons coding for another non-lipocalin protein, bikunin, and is consequently named α1-microglobulin-bikunin precursor gene (AMBP). The precursor is cleaved in the Golgi, and A1M and bikunin are secreted from the cell separately. Recent publications have suggested novel physiological roles of A1M in regulation of endoplasmic reticulum activities and erythrocyte homeostasis. This review summarizes the present knowledge of the structure and functions of the lipocalin A1M and presents a current model of its biological role(s).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Bergwik
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Amanda Kristiansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Allhorn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Gram
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cui H, Zhang X, Ding X, Zhou L, Liang S, Qiu H, Li H, Chen H. Urinary Alpha1-Microglobulin: A New Predictor for In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e927958. [PMID: 33460425 PMCID: PMC7821442 DOI: 10.12659/msm.927958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha1-microglobulin (A1MG) is a small molecular protein related to oxidation and inflammation. It exists in diverse body fluids, including urine. Results from urine tests are sometimes neglected when predicting in-hospital prognosis. It remains unclear whether urinary A1MG (UA1MG) can predict short-term prognosis of ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 1854 hospitalized patients with acute STEMI were retrospectively enrolled in our study. Medical records were used to obtain patient demographic and clinical information, UA1MG values (which were used to divide patients into groups of low, medium, or high), and other laboratory parameters. Principal clinical outcomes of interest were all-cause in-hospital deaths, cardiac deaths, and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). RESULTS Among the 1854 enrolled patients, 43 (2.3%) died in the hospital, of which 33 (1.8%) were cardiac deaths. MACEs were noted in 113 patients (6.1%) during hospitalization. The group with the highest UA1MG value showed a significantly higher frequency of in-hospital deaths, cardiac deaths, and MACEs, compared to those of the lowest UA1MG value group (4.4% vs. 1.0%, P<0.001; 3.1% vs. 0.6%, P<0.005; and 8.6% vs. 4.7%, P=0.007, respectively). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that UA1MG levels (odds ratio 1.109, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.027-1.197, P=0.008) independently predicted all-cause in-hospital mortality. A UA1MG value of 3.23 mg/dL was considered as an optimal cutoff point in STEMI to predict all-cause mortality after receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (area under the curve 0.73, 95% CI 0.65-0.80, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The UA1MG value at hospital admission could be an independent prognostic factor of all-cause in-hospital mortality in patients with STEMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hehe Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaosong Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Siwen Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hui Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kristiansson A, Bergwik J, Alattar AG, Flygare J, Gram M, Hansson SR, Olsson ML, Storry JR, Allhorn M, Åkerström B. Human radical scavenger α 1-microglobulin protects against hemolysis in vitro and α 1-microglobulin knockout mice exhibit a macrocytic anemia phenotype. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:149-159. [PMID: 32092412 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During red blood cell (RBC) lysis hemoglobin and heme leak out of the cells and cause damage to the endothelium and nearby tissue. Protective mechanisms exist; however, these systems are not sufficient in diseases with increased extravascular hemolysis e.g. hemolytic anemia. α1-microglobulin (A1M) is a ubiquitous reductase and radical- and heme-binding protein with antioxidation properties. Although present in the circulation in micromolar concentrations, its function in blood is unclear. Here, we show that A1M provides RBC stability. A1M-/- mice display abnormal RBC morphology, reminiscent of macrocytic anemia conditions, i.e. fewer, larger and more heterogeneous cells. Recombinant human A1M (rA1M) reduced in vitro hemolysis of murine RBC against spontaneous, osmotic and heme-induced stress. Moreover, A1M is taken up by human RBCs both in vitro and in vivo. Similarly, rA1M also protected human RBCs against in vitro spontaneous, osmotic, heme- and radical-induced hemolysis as shown by significantly reduced leakage of hemoglobin and LDH. Addition of rA1M resulted in decreased hemolysis compared to addition of the heme-binding protein hemopexin and the radical-scavenging and reducing agents ascorbic acid and Trolox (vitamin E). Furthermore, rA1M significantly reduced spontaneous and heme-induced fetal RBC cell death. Addition of A1M to human whole blood resulted in a significant reduction of hemolysis, whereas removal of A1M from whole blood resulted in increased hemolysis. We conclude that A1M has a protective function in reducing hemolysis which is neither specific to the origin of hemolytic insult, nor species specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Kristiansson
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Jesper Bergwik
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Abdul Ghani Alattar
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Centre, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Flygare
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Centre, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Gram
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan R Hansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin L Olsson
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Office of Medical Services, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jill R Storry
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Office of Medical Services, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Allhorn
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pregnant alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M) knockout mice exhibit features of kidney and placental damage, hemodynamic changes and intrauterine growth restriction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20625. [PMID: 33244052 PMCID: PMC7691512 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M) is an antioxidant previously shown to be elevated in maternal blood during pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and suggested to be important in the endogenous defense against oxidative stress. A knockout mouse model of A1M (A1Mko) was used in the present study to assess the importance of A1M during pregnancy in relation to the kidney, heart and placenta function. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) were determined before and throughout gestation. The morphology of the organs was assessed by both light and electron microscopy. Gene expression profiles relating to vascular tone and oxidative stress were analyzed using RT-qPCR with validation of selected gene expression relating to vascular tone and oxidative stress response. Pregnant age-matched wild type mice were used as controls. In the A1Mko mice there was a significantly higher SBP before pregnancy that during pregnancy was significantly reduced compared to the control. In addition, the HR was higher both before and during pregnancy compared to the controls. Renal morphological abnormalities were more frequent in the A1Mko mice, and the gene expression profiles in the kidney and the heart showed downregulation of transcripts associated with vasodilation. Simultaneously, an upregulation of vasoconstrictors, blood pressure regulators, and genes for osmotic stress response, ion transport and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism occurred. Fetal weight was lower in the A1Mko mice at E17.5. The vessels in the labyrinth zone of the placentas and the endoplasmic reticulum in the spongiotrophoblasts were collapsed. The gene profiles in the placenta showed downregulation of antioxidants, ROS metabolism and oxidative stress response genes. In conclusion, intact A1M expression is necessary for the maintenance of normal kidney, heart as well as placental structure and function for a normal pregnancy adaptation.
Collapse
|
13
|
Alvarado G, Tóth A, Csősz É, Kalló G, Dankó K, Csernátony Z, Smith A, Gram M, Akerström B, Édes I, Balla G, Papp Z, Balla J. Heme-Induced Oxidation of Cysteine Groups of Myofilament Proteins Leads to Contractile Dysfunction of Permeabilized Human Skeletal Muscle Fibres. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218172. [PMID: 33142923 PMCID: PMC7663642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme released from red blood cells targets a number of cell components including the cytoskeleton. The purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of free heme (20–300 µM) on human skeletal muscle fibres made available during orthopedic surgery. Isometric force production and oxidative protein modifications were monitored in permeabilized skeletal muscle fibre segments. A single heme exposure (20 µM) to muscle fibres decreased Ca2+-activated maximal (active) force (Fo) by about 50% and evoked an approximately 3-fold increase in Ca2+-independent (passive) force (Fpassive). Oxidation of sulfhydryl (SH) groups was detected in structural proteins (e.g., nebulin, α-actinin, meromyosin 2) and in contractile proteins (e.g., myosin heavy chain and myosin-binding protein C) as well as in titin in the presence of 300 µM heme. This SH oxidation was not reversed by dithiothreitol (50 mM). Sulfenic acid (SOH) formation was also detected in the structural proteins (nebulin, α-actinin, meromyosin). Heme effects on SH oxidation and SOH formation were prevented by hemopexin (Hpx) and α1-microglobulin (A1M). These data suggest that free heme has a significant impact on human skeletal muscle fibres, whereby oxidative alterations in structural and contractile proteins limit contractile function. This may explain and or contribute to the weakness and increase of skeletal muscle stiffness in chronic heart failure, rhabdomyolysis, and other hemolytic diseases. Therefore, therapeutic use of Hpx and A1M supplementation might be effective in preventing heme-induced skeletal muscle alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Alvarado
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.A.); (A.T.)
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Attila Tóth
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.A.); (A.T.)
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Éva Csősz
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (É.C.); (G.K.)
| | - Gergő Kalló
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (É.C.); (G.K.)
| | - Katalin Dankó
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán Csernátony
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Ann Smith
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Missouri, MO 64110, USA;
| | - Magnus Gram
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Bo Akerström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden;
| | - István Édes
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - György Balla
- Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán Papp
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.A.); (A.T.)
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Correspondence: (Z.P.); (J.B.); Tel./Fax: +36-(52)-411717 (Z.P.); +36-(52)-413653 (J.B.)
| | - József Balla
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.A.); (A.T.)
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: (Z.P.); (J.B.); Tel./Fax: +36-(52)-411717 (Z.P.); +36-(52)-413653 (J.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kristiansson A, Gram M, Flygare J, Hansson SR, Åkerström B, Storry JR. The Role of α 1-Microglobulin (A1M) in Erythropoiesis and Erythrocyte Homeostasis-Therapeutic Opportunities in Hemolytic Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197234. [PMID: 33008134 PMCID: PMC7582998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
α1-microglobulin (A1M) is a small protein present in vertebrates including humans. It has several physiologically relevant properties, including binding of heme and radicals as well as enzymatic reduction, that are used in the protection of cells and tissue. Research has revealed that A1M can ameliorate heme and ROS-induced injuries in cell cultures, organs, explants and animal models. Recently, it was shown that A1M could reduce hemolysis in vitro, observed with several different types of insults and sources of RBCs. In addition, in a recently published study, it was observed that mice lacking A1M (A1M-KO) developed a macrocytic anemia phenotype. Altogether, this suggests that A1M may have a role in RBC development, stability and turnover. This opens up the possibility of utilizing A1M for therapeutic purposes in pathological conditions involving erythropoietic and hemolytic abnormalities. Here, we provide an overview of A1M and its potential therapeutic effect in the context of the following erythropoietic and hemolytic conditions: Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), 5q-minus myelodysplastic syndrome (5q-MDS), blood transfusions (including storage), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), preeclampsia (PE) and atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Kristiansson
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
| | - Magnus Gram
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Johan Flygare
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Stefan R. Hansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Jill R. Storry
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Office of Medical Services, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
α 1-Microglobulin (A1M) Protects Human Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells from Heme-Induced Damage In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165825. [PMID: 32823731 PMCID: PMC7461577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with many renal disorders, both acute and chronic, and has also been described to contribute to the disease progression. Therefore, oxidative stress is a potential therapeutic target. The human antioxidant α1-microglobulin (A1M) is a plasma and tissue protein with heme-binding, radical-scavenging and reductase activities. A1M can be internalized by cells, localized to the mitochondria and protect mitochondrial function. Due to its small size, A1M is filtered from the blood into the glomeruli, and taken up by the renal tubular epithelial cells. A1M has previously been described to reduce renal damage in animal models of preeclampsia, radiotherapy and rhabdomyolysis, and is proposed as a pharmacological agent for the treatment of kidney damage. In this paper, we examined the in vitro protective effects of recombinant human A1M (rA1M) in human proximal tubule epithelial cells. Moreover, rA1M was found to protect against heme-induced cell-death both in primary cells (RPTEC) and in a cell-line (HK-2). Expression of stress-related genes was upregulated in both cell cultures in response to heme exposure, as measured by qPCR and confirmed with in situ hybridization in HK-2 cells, whereas co-treatment with rA1M counteracted the upregulation. Mitochondrial respiration, analyzed with the Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer, was compromised following exposure to heme, but preserved by co-treatment with rA1M. Finally, heme addition to RPTE cells induced an upregulation of the endogenous cellular expression of A1M, via activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-pathway. Overall, data suggest that A1M/rA1M protects against stress-induced damage to tubule epithelial cells that, at least partly, can be attributed to maintaining mitochondrial function.
Collapse
|
16
|
Bergwik J, Åkerström B. α 1-Microglobulin Binds Illuminated Flavins and Has a Protective Effect Against Sublethal Riboflavin-Induced Damage in Retinal Epithelial Cells. Front Physiol 2020; 11:295. [PMID: 32300309 PMCID: PMC7142231 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is an important constituent of the prosthetic groups flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), which are utilized as electron-carriers in energy metabolism. Excitation by UV-light leads to the generation of riboflavin radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can oxidize a wide range of biomolecules. The human protein α1-microglobulin (A1M) is a reductase and a radical scavenger, which can protect cells and matrix against oxidative damage. Here, we provide evidence of a molecular interaction between illuminated riboflavin and A1M, similar to the radical scavenging reactions previously seen between A1M and other organic radicals. Binding between riboflavin and A1M was demonstrated by gel migration shift, UV-absorbance and fluorescence spectrum analysis. The reaction between A1M and UV-light illuminated riboflavin involved covalent modification of A1M and proteolytic release of an N-terminal part of the protein. Furthermore, A1M also inhibited the ROS-induced photoreduction reaction of riboflavin, in a reaction involving the free thiol group in position C34. Finally, the results show a protective effect of A1M, analyzed by gene expression rates of stress genes, against sublethal damage in retinal epithelial cells in culture. Together, our results suggest a new role of A1M as a scavenger of riboflavin radicals and ROS produced during illumination of riboflavin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Bergwik
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Carlsson MLR, Kristiansson A, Bergwik J, Kanagarajan S, Bülow L, Åkerström B, Zhu LH. Expression, Purification and Initial Characterization of Functional α 1-Microglobulin (A1M) in Nicotiana benthamiana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:593773. [PMID: 33363557 PMCID: PMC7752767 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.593773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
α1-Microglobulin (A1M) is a small glycoprotein that belongs to the lipocalin protein family. A major biological role of A1M is to protect cells and tissues against oxidative damage by clearing free heme and reactive oxygen species. Because of this, the protein has attracted great interest as a potential pharmaceutical candidate for treatment of acute kidney injury and preeclampsia. The aim of this study was to explore the possibility of expressing human A1M in plants through transient gene expression, as an alternative or complement to other expression systems. E. coli, insect and mammalian cell culture have previously been used for recombinant A1M (rA1M) or A1M production, but these systems have various drawbacks, including additional complication and expense in refolding for E. coli, while insect produced rA1M is heavily modified with chromophores and mammalian cell culture has been used only in analytical scale. For that purpose, we have used a viral vector (pJL-TRBO) delivered by Agrobacterium for expression of three modified A1M gene variants in the leaves of N. benthamiana. The results showed that these modified rA1M protein variants, A1M-NB1, A1M-NB2 and A1M-NB3, targeted to the cytosol, ER and extracellular space, respectively, were successfully expressed in the leaves, which was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. The cytosol accumulated A1M-NB1 was selected for further analysis, as it appeared to have a higher yield than the other variants, and was purified with a yield of ca. 50 mg/kg leaf. The purified protein had the expected structural and functional properties, displaying heme-binding capacity and capacity of protecting red blood cells against stress-induced cell death. The protein also carried bound chromophores, a characteristic feature of A1M and an indicator of a capacity to bind small molecules. The study showed that expression of the functional protein in N. benthamiana may be an attractive alternative for production of rA1M for pharmaceutical purposes and a basis for future research on A1M structure and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus L. R. Carlsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Amanda Kristiansson
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jesper Bergwik
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Selvaraju Kanagarajan
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Leif Bülow
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Li-Hua Zhu
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Li-Hua Zhu,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wan X, Zhang L, Gu H, Wang S, Liu X. The Association of Serum hsCRP and Urinary Alpha1-Microglobulin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6364390. [PMID: 31281843 PMCID: PMC6590668 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6364390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association of serum hsCRP and urinary A1MG in patients with T2DM. Numerous investigations have proven that serum hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increased. Also, increased urinary alpha-1 microglobulin (A1MG) can be an early sign of renal damage, primarily on the proximal tubules in T2DM. Little information is available with respect to the associations of serum hsCRP levels and urinary A1MG in T2DM. A total of 520 patients with T2DM were recruited to participate in this study. Serum hsCRP and UA1MG (urinary alpha1-microglobulin to creatinine ratio), UACR (urinary microalbumin to creatinine ratio), UIGG (urinary immunoglobulin G to creatinine ratio), and UTRF (urinary transferrin to creatinine ratio) were obtained. The association of serum hsCRP level and each urinary protein parameter was analyzed by using the regression analysis, respectively. LnhsCRP was positively associated with the lnUA1MG in all three linear regression models (adjusted β in model 3=0.122, SE=0.027, P<0.001). Furthermore, the high hsCRP group (hsCRP > 3mg/L) was associated with increasing risk of high UA1MG (adjusted OR in model 3=1.610, 95% CI 1.037-2.499, P=0.034) by logistic regression. This study suggests that serum hsCRP levels independently associate with UA1MG in patients with T2DM. Further research is warranted to elucidate these interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Wan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Haitong Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shenglai Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiangyi Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Åkerström B, Rosenlöf L, Hägerwall A, Rutardottir S, Ahlstedt J, Johansson ME, Erlandsson L, Allhorn M, Gram M. rA1M-035, a Physicochemically Improved Human Recombinant α 1-Microglobulin, Has Therapeutic Effects in Rhabdomyolysis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:489-504. [PMID: 29471681 PMCID: PMC6338582 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Human α1-microglobulin (A1M) is an endogenous reductase and radical- and heme-binding protein with physiological antioxidant protective functions. Recombinant human A1M (rA1M) has been shown to have therapeutic properties in animal models of preeclampsia, a pregnancy disease associated with oxidative stress. Recombinant A1M, however, lacks glycosylation, and shows lower solubility and stability than A1M purified from human plasma. The aims of this work were to (i) use site-directed mutagenesis to improve the physicochemical properties of rA1M, (ii) demonstrate that the physicochemically improved rA1M displays full in vitro cell protective effects as recombinant wild-type A1M (rA1M-wt), and (iii) show its therapeutic potential in vivo against acute kidney injury (AKI), another disease associated with oxidative stress. RESULTS A novel recombinant A1M-variant (rA1M-035) with three amino acid substitutions was constructed, successfully expressed, and purified. rA1M-035 had improved solubility and stability compared with rA1M-wt, and showed intact in vitro heme-binding, reductase, antioxidation, and cell protective activities. Both rA1M-035 and rA1M-wt showed, for the first time, potential in vivo protective effects on kidneys using a mouse rhabdomyolysis glycerol injection model of AKI. INNOVATION A novel recombinant A1M-variant, rA1M-035, was engineered. This protein showed improved solubility and stability compared with rA1M-wt, full in vitro functional activity, and potential protection against AKI in an in vivo rhabdomyolysis mouse model. CONCLUSION The new rA1M-035 is a better drug candidate than rA1M-wt for treatment of AKI and preeclampsia in human patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Åkerström
- 1 Sections for Infection Medicine and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Jonas Ahlstedt
- 1 Sections for Infection Medicine and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria E Johansson
- 1 Sections for Infection Medicine and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
| | - Lena Erlandsson
- 3 Sections for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Allhorn
- 1 Sections for Infection Medicine and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Gram
- 1 Sections for Infection Medicine and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gáll T, Pethő D, Nagy A, Hendrik Z, Méhes G, Potor L, Gram M, Åkerström B, Smith A, Nagy P, Balla G, Balla J. Heme Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (HIER Stress) in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1595. [PMID: 30515102 PMCID: PMC6255930 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of damaged or misfolded proteins resulted from oxidative protein modification induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by activating the pathways of unfolded protein response. In pathologic hemolytic conditions, extracellular free hemoglobin is submitted to rapid oxidation causing heme release. Resident cells of atherosclerotic lesions, after intraplaque hemorrhage, are exposed to heme leading to oxidative injury. Therefore, we raised the question whether heme can also provoke ER stress. Smooth muscle cells are one of the key players of atherogenesis; thus, human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs) were selected as a model cell to reveal the possible link between heme and ER stress. Using immunoblotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry, we quantitated the markers of ER stress. These were: phosphorylated eIF2α, Activating transcription factor-4 (ATF4), DNA-damage-inducible transcript 3 (also known as C/EBP homology protein, termed CHOP), X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1), Activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6), GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa) and heme responsive genes heme oxygenase-1 and ferritin. In addition, immunohistochemistry was performed on human carotid artery specimens from patients who had undergone carotid endarterectomy. We demonstrate that heme increases the phosphorylation of eiF2α in HAoSMCs and the expression of ATF4. Heme also enhances the splicing of XBP1 and the proteolytic cleavage of ATF6. Consequently, there is up-regulation of target genes increasing both mRNA and protein levels of CHOP and GRP78. However, TGFβ and collagen type I decreased. When the heme binding proteins, alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M) and hemopexin (Hpx) are present in cell media, the ER stress provoked by heme is inhibited. ER stress pathways are also retarded by the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) indicating that reactive oxygen species are involved in heme-induced ER stress. Consistent with these findings, elevated expression of the ER stress marker GRP78 and CHOP were observed in smooth muscle cells of complicated lesions with hemorrhage compared to either atheromas or healthy arteries. In conclusion, heme triggers ER stress in a time- and dose-dependent manner in HAoSMCs. A1M and Hpx as well as NAC effectively hamper heme-induced ER stress, supporting their use as a potential therapeutic approach to reverse such a deleterious effects of heme toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Gáll
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dávid Pethő
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Annamária Nagy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Hendrik
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Méhes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Potor
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Magnus Gram
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ann Smith
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Balla
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Balla
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Larsson S, Åkerström B, Gram M, Lohmander LS, Struglics A. α1-Microglobulin Protects Against Bleeding-Induced Oxidative Damage in Knee Arthropathies. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1596. [PMID: 30505280 PMCID: PMC6250851 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Knee injury increases the risk of developing knee osteoarthritis (OA). Recent evidence suggests involvement of oxidative stress induced by inflammation and bleeding in the joint. This study investigates the role in this process of α1-microglobulin (A1M), a plasma and tissue antioxidant protein with reducing function, and heme- and radical-binding properties. We studied matched knee synovial fluid (sf) and serum (s) samples from 122 subjects (mean age 40 years, 31% females): 10 were knee healthy references, 13 had acute inflammatory arthritis (AIA), 79 knee injury 0–10 years prior to sampling, and 20 knee OA. Using immunoassays, we measured sf-A1M and s-A1M, sf-hemoglobin (sf-Hb), sf-total free heme (sf-Heme), and sf-carbonyl groups (sf-Carbonyl). We explored associations by partial correlation, or linear regression models with adjustments for age, sex and diagnosis, and evaluated diagnostic capacity by area under the receiver operator characteristics curve (AUC). The AIA group had 1.2- to 1.7-fold higher sf-A1M and s-A1M concentrations compared to the other diagnostic groups; other biomarkers showed no between-group differences. sf-A1M and s-A1M were with AUC of 0.76 and 0.78, respectively, diagnostic for AIA. In the injury group, the amount of bleeding in the joint was inversely correlated to time after injury when measured as sf-Heme (r = -0.41, p < 0.001), but not when measured as sf-Hb (r = -0.19, p = 0.098). A similar inverse association with time after injury was noted for sf-A1M (r = -0.30, p = 0.007), but not for s-A1M and sf-Carbonyl. Linear regression models showed that sf-Heme was more strongly associated with sf-A1M and sf-Carbonyl than sf-Hb. Independent of diagnosis, sf-Heme explained 5.7% of the variability in sf-A1M and 3.0% in the variability in sf-Carbonyl, but appeared unrelated to s-A1M. High sf-A1M and low sf-Heme or sf-Hb were independently associated with low sf-Carbonyl. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that independent of disease, Hb and heme within a knee joint correlates with an increased sf-A1M concentration that appears to be protective of oxidative damage, i.e., a reduction in carbonyl groups. High concentrations of A1M in synovial fluid and serum was further diagnostic for AIA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Staffan Larsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Staffan Larsson,
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Gram
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - L. Stefan Lohmander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - André Struglics
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hakuno D, Kimura M, Ito S, Satoh J, Nakashima Y, Horie T, Kuwabara Y, Nishiga M, Ide Y, Baba O, Nishi H, Nakao T, Nishino T, Nakazeki F, Koyama S, Hanada R, Randolph RR, Endo J, Kimura T, Ono K. Hepatokine α1-Microglobulin Signaling Exacerbates Inflammation and Disturbs Fibrotic Repair in Mouse Myocardial Infarction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16749. [PMID: 30425314 PMCID: PMC6233179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35194-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute cardiac rupture and adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling causing heart failure are serious complications of acute myocardial infarction (MI). While cardio-hepatic interactions have been recognized, their role in MI remains unknown. We treated cultured cardiomyocytes with conditioned media from various cell types and analyzed the media by mass spectrometry to identify α1-microglobulin (AM) as an Akt-activating hepatokine. In mouse MI model, AM protein transiently distributed in the infarct and border zones during the acute phase, reflecting infiltration of AM-bound macrophages. AM stimulation activated Akt, NFκB, and ERK signaling and enhanced inflammation as well as macrophage migration and polarization, while inhibited fibrogenesis-related mRNA expression in cultured macrophages and cardiac fibroblasts. Intramyocardial AM administration exacerbated macrophage infiltration, inflammation, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 mRNA expression in the infarct and border zones, whereas disturbed fibrotic repair, then provoked acute cardiac rupture in MI. Shotgun proteomics and lipid pull-down analysis found that AM partly binds to phosphatidic acid (PA) for its signaling and function. Furthermore, systemic delivery of a selective inhibitor of diacylglycerol kinase α-mediated PA synthesis notably reduced macrophage infiltration, inflammation, matrix metalloproteinase activity, and adverse LV remodeling in MI. Therefore, targeting AM signaling could be a novel pharmacological option to mitigate adverse LV remodeling in MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daihiko Hakuno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinji Ito
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Junko Satoh
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakashima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takahiro Horie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Kuwabara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masataka Nishiga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuya Ide
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Osamu Baba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hitoo Nishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Nakao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nishino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Fumiko Nakazeki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Hanada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ruiz R Randolph
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Jin Endo
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koh Ono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ghosh F, Åkerström B, Bergwik J, Abdshill H, Gefors L, Taylor L. Acute tissue reactions, inner segment pathology, and effects of the antioxidant α1-microglobulin in an in vitro model of retinal detachment. Exp Eye Res 2018; 173:13-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
24
|
Gunnarsson R, Åkerström B, Hansson SR, Gram M. Recombinant alpha-1-microglobulin: a potential treatment for preeclampsia. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:736-743. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
25
|
Ding J, Zheng Z, Li X, Feng Y, Leng N, Wu Z, Zhu P. Urinary Albumin Levels are Independently Associated with Renal Lesion Severity in Patients with Lupus Nephritis and Little or No Proteinuria. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:631-639. [PMID: 28157833 PMCID: PMC5304948 DOI: 10.12659/msm.899973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) leads to renal lesions, which may be clinically silent in patients with little or no proteinuria. Early detection of these lesions may improve prognosis, but early markers are controversial. This study aimed to determine renal marker proteins associated with renal lesion severity in patients with lupus nephropathy (LN) and little or no proteinuria. Material/Methods Patients with LN and little or no proteinuria (<0.5 g/24 hours) (n=187) that underwent kidney biopsy were grouped according to: low severity (Class I or II; n=116) versus high severity (Class III, IV, or V; n=71). Disease status was determined according to the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI). Renal marker proteins (serum β2-macroglobulin, urinary β2-macroglobulin, albumin, IgG, and α1-macroglobulin) were measured using radioimmunoassay. Results Compared with the low severity group, patients in the high severity group had higher urinary albumin (11.60±8.94 versus 7.08±10.07 μg/mL, p=0.008) and urinary IgG (13.21±9.35 versus 8.74±8.90 μg/mL, p=0.007) levels. Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that urinary albumin (odds ratio (OR)=1.417, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.145–1.895, p=0.001) and SLEDAI (OR=2.004, 95% CI: 1.264–3.178, p=0.003) were independently associated with severe renal lesions in these patients. Using an optimal cutoff point of urinary albumin of 7.53 μg/mL resulted in 67% sensitivity and 82% specificity for the detection of high severity renal lesions. Conclusions Urinary albumin levels and SLEDAI were independently associated with histological severity of renal lesions in patients with LN and little or no proteinuria. These parameters could be used to help select patients for renal biopsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ding
- Department of Clinical Immunology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Zhaohui Zheng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xueyi Li
- Department of Clinical Immunology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yuan Feng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Nan Leng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Zhenbiao Wu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Åkerström B, Cederlund M, Bergwik J, Manouchehrian O, Arnér K, Taylor IH, Ghosh F, Taylor L. The Role of Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress, and the Radical-binding Protein A1M in Cultured Porcine Retina. Curr Eye Res 2017; 42:948-961. [PMID: 28118055 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2016.1254247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, mitochondrial structure, and biomechanical tissue support in the isolated porcine retina. METHODS Full-thickness retinal sheets were isolated from adult porcine eyes. Retinas were cultured for 2 or 48 h using (1) a previously established low-support explant protocol with photoreceptors positioned against the culture membrane (porous polycarbonate) or (2) a high-support procedure developed by our group, apposing the Müller cell endfeet and inner limiting membrane against the membrane. The grafts were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and culture medium was assayed for the cell damage and oxidative stress markers lactate dehydrogenase and protein carbonyls. RESULTS In explants cultured with physical support to the inner border, cone photoreceptors were preserved and lactate dehydrogenase levels were reduced, although an initial (2 h), transient, increased oxidative stress was observed. Elevated expression of the antioxidants α1-microglobulin and heme oxygenase-1 was seen in the mitochondria-rich inner segments after 48 h compared to low-support counterparts. Housekeeping gene expression suggested a higher degree of structural integrity of mitochondria in high-support explants, and TEM of inner segments confirmed preservation of a normal mitochondrial morphology. CONCLUSION Providing retinal explants with inner retinal support leads to mobilization of antioxidant proteins, preservation of mitochondrial function, and increased cell viability. Consequently, the failure of low-support retinal cultures to mobilize an adequate response to the oxidative environment may play a key role in their rapid demise. These findings shed new light on pathological reactions in biomechanically related conditions in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Åkerström
- a Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Martin Cederlund
- a Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Jesper Bergwik
- a Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Oscar Manouchehrian
- b Section for Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Karin Arnér
- b Section for Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Ingrid Holmgren Taylor
- b Section for Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Fredrik Ghosh
- b Section for Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Linnéa Taylor
- b Section for Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yokoyama S, Hiramoto K, Koyama M, Ooi K. Impaired skin barrier function in mice with colon carcinoma induced by azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 38:947-50. [PMID: 26027838 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that impaired skin barrier function was induced by small intestinal injury in mice. Therefore, we postulated that other intestinal diseases might also influence skin barrier function. In this study, we evaluated the skin barrier function of hairless mice with colon carcinoma that was induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). In mice treated with these drugs, we observed elevated transepidermal water loss and reduced skin hydration levels, compared to those in the control mice. In addition, plasma nitrogen di/trioxide (NO2(-)/NO3(-)) levels were significantly elevated, and expression of type I collagen was significantly reduced in the treated mice, compared to those in control. These results suggest that impaired skin barrier function occurs in mice when colon carcinoma is present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yokoyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Erlandsson L, Nääv Å, Hennessy A, Vaiman D, Gram M, Åkerström B, Hansson SR. Inventory of Novel Animal Models Addressing Etiology of Preeclampsia in the Development of New Therapeutic/Intervention Opportunities. Am J Reprod Immunol 2015; 75:402-10. [PMID: 26685057 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related disease afflicting 3-7% of pregnancies worldwide and leads to maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. The disease is of placental origin and is commonly described as a disease of two stages. A variety of preeclampsia animal models have been proposed, but all of them have limitations in fully recapitulating the human disease. Based on the research question at hand, different or multiple models might be suitable. Multiple animal models in combination with in vitro or ex vivo studies on human placenta together offer a synergistic platform to further our understanding of the etiology of preeclampsia and potential therapeutic interventions. The described animal models of preeclampsia divide into four categories (i) spontaneous, (ii) surgically induced, (iii) pharmacologically/substance induced, and (iv) transgenic. This review aims at providing an inventory of novel models addressing etiology of the disease and or therapeutic/intervention opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Erlandsson
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institution of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Åsa Nääv
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institution of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Annemarie Hennessy
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Faculté de Médecine, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Magnus Gram
- Infection Medicine, Institution of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Infection Medicine, Institution of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan R Hansson
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institution of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ahlstedt J, Tran TA, Strand SE, Gram M, Åkerström B. Human Anti-Oxidation Protein A1M--A Potential Kidney Protection Agent in Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:30309-20. [PMID: 26694383 PMCID: PMC4691176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) has been in clinical use for 15 years to treat metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. PRRT is limited by reabsorption and retention of the administered radiolabeled somatostatin analogues in the proximal tubule. Consequently, it is essential to develop and employ methods to protect the kidneys during PRRT. Today, infusion of positively charged amino acids is the standard method of kidney protection. Other methods, such as administration of amifostine, are still under evaluation and show promising results. α1-microglobulin (A1M) is a reductase and radical scavenging protein ubiquitously present in plasma and extravascular tissue. Human A1M has antioxidation properties and has been shown to prevent radiation-induced in vitro cell damage and protect non-irradiated surrounding cells. It has recently been shown in mice that exogenously infused A1M and the somatostatin analogue octreotide are co-localized in proximal tubules of the kidney after intravenous infusion. In this review we describe the current situation of kidney protection during PRRT, discuss the necessity and implications of more precise dosimetry and present A1M as a new, potential candidate for renal protection during PRRT and related targeted radionuclide therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Ahlstedt
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden.
| | - Thuy A Tran
- Lund University Bioimaging Center, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden.
| | - Sven-Erik Strand
- Section of Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden.
| | - Magnus Gram
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden.
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Alvarado G, Jeney V, Tóth A, Csősz É, Kalló G, Huynh AT, Hajnal C, Kalász J, Pásztor ET, Édes I, Gram M, Akerström B, Smith A, Eaton JW, Balla G, Papp Z, Balla J. Heme-induced contractile dysfunction in human cardiomyocytes caused by oxidant damage to thick filament proteins. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:248-62. [PMID: 26409224 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.07.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular free heme predisposes to oxidant-mediated tissue damage. We hypothesized that free heme causes alterations in myocardial contractility via disturbed structure and/or regulation of the contractile proteins. Isometric force production and its Ca(2+)-sensitivity (pCa50) were monitored in permeabilized human ventricular cardiomyocytes. Heme exposure altered cardiomyocyte morphology and evoked robust decreases in Ca(2+)-activated maximal active force (Fo) while increasing Ca(2+)-independent passive force (F passive). Heme treatments, either alone or in combination with H2O2, did not affect pCa50. The increase in F passive started at 3 µM heme exposure and could be partially reversed by the antioxidant dithiothreitol. Protein sulfhydryl (SH) groups of thick myofilament content decreased and sulfenic acid formation increased after treatment with heme. Partial restoration in the SH group content was observed in a protein running at 140 kDa after treatment with dithiothreitol, but not in other proteins, such as filamin C, myosin heavy chain, cardiac myosin binding protein C, and α-actinin. Importantly, binding of heme to hemopexin or alpha-1-microglobulin prevented its effects on cardiomyocyte contractility, suggesting an allosteric effect. In line with this, free heme directly bound to myosin light chain 1 in human cardiomyocytes. Our observations suggest that free heme modifies cardiac contractile proteins via posttranslational protein modifications and via binding to myosin light chain 1, leading to severe contractile dysfunction. This may contribute to systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunctions in hemolytic diseases, heart failure, and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Alvarado
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Nephrology, Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktória Jeney
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Vascular Biology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Tóth
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Csősz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gergő Kalló
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - An T Huynh
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Hajnal
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Kalász
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Enikő T Pásztor
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Édes
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Magnus Gram
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Akerström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ann Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - John W Eaton
- Molecular Targets Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40059, USA
| | - György Balla
- MTA-DE Vascular Biology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Papp
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Balla
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Vascular Biology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rutardottir S, Karnaukhova E, Nantasenamat C, Songtawee N, Prachayasittikul V, Rajabi M, Rosenlöf LW, Alayash AI, Åkerström B. Structural and biochemical characterization of two heme binding sites on α1-microglobulin using site directed mutagenesis and molecular simulation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1864:29-41. [PMID: 26497278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND α1-Microglobulin (A1M) is a reductase and radical scavenger involved in physiological protection against oxidative damage. These functions were previously shown to be dependent upon cysteinyl-, C34, and lysyl side-chains, K(92, 118,130). A1M binds heme and the crystal structure suggests that C34 and H123 participate in a heme binding site. We have investigated the involvement of these five residues in the interactions with heme. METHODS Four A1M-variants were expressed: with cysteine to serine substitution in position 34, lysine to threonine substitutions in positions (92, 118, 130), histidine to serine substitution in position 123 and a wt without mutations. Heme binding was investigated by tryptophan fluorescence quenching, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, circular dichroism, SPR, electrophoretic migration shift, gel filtration, catalase-like activity and molecular simulation. RESULTS All A1M-variants bound to heme. Mutations in C34, H123 or K(92, 118, 130) resulted in significant absorbance changes, CD spectral changes, and catalase-like activity, suggesting involvement of these side-groups in coordination of the heme-iron. Molecular simulation support a model with two heme-binding sites in A1M involving the mutated residues. Binding of the first heme induces allosteric stabilization of the structure predisposing for a better fit of the second heme. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that one heme-binding site is located in the lipocalin pocket and a second binding site between loops 1 and 4. Reactions with the hemes involve the side-groups of C34, K(92, 118, 130) and H123. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The model provides a structural basis for the functional activities of A1M: heme binding activity of A1M.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Karnaukhova
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, MD, USA
| | - Chanin Nantasenamat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Napat Songtawee
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mohsen Rajabi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, MD, USA
| | | | - Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, MD, USA
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gram M, Dolberg Anderson U, Johansson ME, Edström-Hägerwall A, Larsson I, Jälmby M, Hansson SR, Åkerström B. The Human Endogenous Protection System against Cell-Free Hemoglobin and Heme Is Overwhelmed in Preeclampsia and Provides Potential Biomarkers and Clinical Indicators. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138111. [PMID: 26368565 PMCID: PMC4569570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) complicates 3-8% of all pregnancies and manifests clinically as hypertension and proteinuria in the second half of gestation. The pathogenesis of PE is not fully understood but recent studies have described the involvement of cell-free fetal hemoglobin (HbF). Hypothesizing that PE is associated with prolonged hemolysis we have studied the response of the cell-free Hb- and heme defense network. Thus, we have investigated the levels of cell-free HbF (both free, denoted HbF, and in complex with Hp, denoted Hp-HbF) as well as the major human endogenous Hb- and heme-scavenging systems: haptoglobin (Hp), hemopexin (Hpx), α1-microglobulin (A1M) and CD163 in plasma of PE women (n = 98) and women with normal pregnancies (n = 47) at term. A significant increase of the mean plasma HbF concentration was observed in women with PE. Plasma levels of Hp and Hpx were statistically significantly reduced, whereas the level of the extravascular heme- and radical scavenger A1M was significantly increased in plasma of women with PE. The Hpx levels significantly correlated with maternal blood pressure. Furthermore, HbF and the related scavenger proteins displayed a potential to be used as clinical biomarkers for more precise diagnosis of PE and are candidates as predictors of identifying pregnancies with increased risk of obstetrical complications. The results support that PE pathophysiology is associated with increased HbF-concentrations and an activation of the physiological Hb-heme defense systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Gram
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Ulrik Dolberg Anderson
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria E. Johansson
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Irene Larsson
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maya Jälmby
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan R. Hansson
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ahlstedt J, Tran TA, Strand F, Holmqvist B, Strand SE, Gram M, Åkerström B. Biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of recombinant α1-microglobulin and its potential use in radioprotection of kidneys. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2015; 5:333-347. [PMID: 26269772 PMCID: PMC4529588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is a systemically administrated molecular targeted radiation therapy for treatment of neuroendocrine tumors. Fifteen years of clinical use show that renal toxicity, due to glomerular filtration of the peptides followed by local generation of highly reactive free radicals, is the main side-effect that limits the maximum activity that can be administrated for efficient therapy. α1-microglobulin (A1M) is an endogenous radical scavenger shown to prevent radiation-induced in vitro cell damage and protect non-irradiated surrounding cells. An important feature of A1M is that, following distribution to the blood, it is equilibrated to the extravascular compartments and filtrated in the kidneys. Aiming at developing renal protection against toxic side-effects of PRRT, we have characterized the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of intravenously (i.v.) injected (125)I- and non-labelled recombinant human A1M and the (111)In- and fluorescence-labelled somatostatin analogue octreotide. Both molecules were predominantly localized to the kidneys, displaying a prevailing distribution in the cortex. A maximum of 76% of the injected A1M and 46% of the injected octreotide were present per gram kidney tissue at 10 to 20 minutes, respectively, after i.v. injection. Immunohistochemistry and fluorescence microscopy revealed a dominating co-existence of the two substances in proximal tubules, with a cellular co-localization in the epithelial cells. Importantly, analysis of kidney extracts displayed an intact, full-length A1M at least up to 60 minutes post-injection (p.i.). In summary, the results show a highly similar pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of A1M and octreotide, thus enabling the use of A1M to protect the kidneys tissue during PRRT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Ahlstedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Section of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
| | - Thuy A Tran
- Lund University Bioimaging Center, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
| | - Filip Strand
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Section for Infection Medicine, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
| | | | - Sven-Erik Strand
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Section of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
- Lund University Bioimaging Center, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Gram
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Section for Infection Medicine, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Section for Infection Medicine, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nääv Å, Erlandsson L, Axelsson J, Larsson I, Johansson M, Wester-Rosenlöf L, Mörgelin M, Casslén V, Gram M, Åkerström B, Hansson SR. A1M Ameliorates Preeclampsia-Like Symptoms in Placenta and Kidney Induced by Cell-Free Fetal Hemoglobin in Rabbit. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125499. [PMID: 25955715 PMCID: PMC4425457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is one of the most serious pregnancy-related diseases and clinically manifests as hypertension and proteinuria after 20 gestational weeks. The worldwide prevalence is 3-8% of pregnancies, making it the most common cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Preeclampsia lacks an effective therapy, and the only “cure” is delivery. We have previously shown that increased synthesis and accumulation of cell-free fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in the placenta is important in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Extracellular hemoglobin (Hb) and its metabolites induce oxidative stress, which may lead to acute renal failure and vascular dysfunction seen in preeclampsia. The human endogenous protein, α1-microglobulin (A1M), removes cell-free heme-groups and induces natural tissue repair mechanisms. Exogenously administered A1M has been shown to alleviate the effects of Hb-induced oxidative stress in rat kidneys. Here we attempted to establish an animal model mimicking the human symptoms at stage two of preeclampsia by administering species-specific cell-free HbF starting mid-gestation until term, and evaluated the therapeutic effect of A1M on the induced symptoms. Female pregnant rabbits received HbF infusions i.v. with or without A1M every second day from gestational day 20. The HbF-infused animals developed proteinuria and a significantly increased glomerular sieving coefficient in kidney that was ameliorated by co-administration of A1M. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of kidney and placenta showed both intracellular and extracellular tissue damages after HbF-treatment, while A1M co-administration resulted in a significant reduction of the structural and cellular changes. Neither of the HbF-treated animals displayed any changes in blood pressure during pregnancy. In conclusion, infusion of cell-free HbF in the pregnant rabbits induced tissue damage and organ failure similar to those seen in preeclampsia, and was restored by co-administration of A1M. This study provides preclinical evidence supporting further examination of A1M as a potential new therapy for preeclampsia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Nääv
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Lena Erlandsson
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Josefin Axelsson
- Nephrology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Irene Larsson
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Johansson
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Wester-Rosenlöf
- Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vera Casslén
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Gram
- Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan R. Hansson
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cederlund M, Deronic A, Pallon J, Sørensen OE, Åkerström B. A1M/α1-microglobulin is proteolytically activated by myeloperoxidase, binds its heme group and inhibits low density lipoprotein oxidation. Front Physiol 2015; 6:11. [PMID: 25698971 PMCID: PMC4315848 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
α1-microglobulin (A1M) is a 26 kDa plasma and tissue protein with reductase activity and radical- and heme-binding anti-oxidative functions. In addition, exposure of A1M to hemoglobin has been shown to induce proteolytic elimination of a C-terminal tetrapeptide yielding a heme-degrading form, truncated A1M (t-A1M). Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a heme-containing enzyme that catalyzes the production of free radicals and hypochlorite, is released by neutrophils during the inflammatory response to bacterial infections. MPO-induced low density lipoprotein (LDL)-oxidation in blood has been suggested as a causative factor in atherosclerosis. In this study we have hypothesized that A1M interacts with MPO in a similar mode as with hemoglobin, and is a regulator of its activity. The results show that A1M is proteolytically cleaved, with formation of t-A1M, after exposure to MPO, and that t-A1M contains iron and heme-degradation products. The reaction is dependent of pH, time and concentration of substrates and a pH-value around 7 is shown to be optimal for cleavage. Furthermore, A1M inhibits MPO- and hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidation of LDL. The results suggest that A1M may have a role as an inhibitor of the damaging effects of the neutrophil respiratory burst on bystander tissue components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Cederlund
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Lund, Sweden
| | - Adnan Deronic
- Division of Immunology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Lund University Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Pallon
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Department of Physics, Lund University Lund, Sweden
| | - Ole E Sørensen
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jeney V, Balla G, Balla J. Red blood cell, hemoglobin and heme in the progression of atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2014; 5:379. [PMID: 25324785 PMCID: PMC4183119 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades plaque neovascularization was considered as an innocent feature of advanced atherosclerotic lesions, but nowadays growing evidence suggest that this process triggers plaque progression and vulnerability. Neovascularization is induced mostly by hypoxia, but the involvement of oxidative stress is also established. Because of inappropriate angiogenesis, neovessels are leaky and prone to rupture, leading to the extravasation of red blood cells (RBCs) within the plaque. RBCs, in the highly oxidative environment of the atherosclerotic lesions, tend to lyse quickly. Both RBC membrane and the released hemoglobin (Hb) possess atherogenic activities. Cholesterol content of RBC membrane contributes to lipid deposition and lipid core expansion upon intraplaque hemorrhage. Cell-free Hb is prone to oxidation, and the oxidation products possess pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory activities. Defense and adaptation mechanisms evolved to cope with the deleterious effects of cell free Hb and heme. These rely on plasma proteins haptoglobin (Hp) and hemopexin (Hx) with the ability to scavenge and eliminate free Hb and heme form the circulation. The protective strategy is completed with the cellular heme oxygenase-1/ferritin system that becomes activated when Hp and Hx fail to control free Hb and heme-mediated stress. These protective molecules have pharmacological potential in diverse pathologies including atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Jeney
- Department of Medicine, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary ; MTA-DE Vascular Biology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Balla
- MTA-DE Vascular Biology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Debrecen, Hungary ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Balla
- Department of Medicine, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Åkerström B, Gram M. A1M, an extravascular tissue cleaning and housekeeping protein. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 74:274-82. [PMID: 25035076 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M) is a small protein found intra- and extracellularly in all tissues of vertebrates. The protein was discovered 40 years ago and its physiological role remained unknown for a long time. A series of recent publications have demonstrated that A1M is a vital part of tissue housekeeping. A strongly electronegative free thiol group forms the structural basis of heme-binding, reductase, and radical-trapping properties. A rapid flow of liver-produced A1M through blood and extravascular compartments ensures clearing of biological fluids from heme and free radicals and repair of oxidative lesions. After binding, both the radicals and the A1M are electroneutral and therefore do not present any further oxidative stress to tissues. The biological cleaning cycle is completed by glomerular filtration, renal degradation, and urinary excretion of A1M heavily modified by covalently linked radicals and heme groups. Based on its role as a tissue housekeeping cleaning factor, A1M constitutes a potential therapeutic drug candidate in treatment or prophylaxis of diseases or conditions that are associated with pathological oxidative stress elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Åkerström
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Magnus Gram
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Terzi I, Papaioannou V, Papanas N, Dragoumanis C, Petala A, Theodorou V, Gioka T, Vargemezis V, Maltezos E, Pneumatikos I. Alpha1-microglobulin as an early biomarker of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: a prospective cohort study. Hippokratia 2014; 18:262-268. [PMID: 25694763 PMCID: PMC4309149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis emerges as the leading risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI) development in critically ill patients. Much effort has been invested so far on early diagnosis of AKI using promising biomarkers. This study aimed to determine whether urine alpha1-microglobulin (α1m), a lipocaline member previously used as an indicator of proximal tubular dysfunction, can early predict the development of sepsis-associated AKI (SAAKI) in critically ill patients. METHODS A prospective, observational study was conducted in a single center Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Patients with normal renal function admitted to the ICU followed for sepsis and AKI development. Urine α1m levels were analyzed in pooled samples from 24-hour urine collections on sepsis onset and at various time points thereafter. The diagnostic performance of urine α1m was assessed using thenonparametriccalculation of the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS Among 286 critically ill patients admitted to our ICU in a year, 45 patients with sepsis met the inclusion criteria. SAAKI developed in 16 septic patients (35.6%). Urine α1m levels were significantly elevated in all septic patients (average value of all samples on the day of sepsis: 46.02 ± 7.17 mg/l) and showed a trend to increase in patients who finally developed SAAKI. The AUC for SAAKI prediction according to α1m urine levels 24-hours before SAAKI onset was 0.739 (sensitivity 87.5%, specificity 62.07%, cutoff level 47.9 mg/l). Urine α1m 24-hours before SAAKI, serum creatinine on sepsis onset and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score on sepsis onset emerged as the most powerful independent predictors of SAAKI. The combination of these three parameters improved the AUC for SAAKI prediction to 0.944. CONCLUSION Urine α1m levels might help in the early prediction of SAAKI development and may prove useful biomarker. The pathogenetic implications of α1m in sepsis and SAAKI need further investigation. Hippokratia 2014; 18 (3): 262-268.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Terzi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - V Papaioannou
- Intensive Care Unit, General University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - N Papanas
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - C Dragoumanis
- Intensive Care Unit, General University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - A Petala
- Intensive Care Unit, General University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - V Theodorou
- Intensive Care Unit, General University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - T Gioka
- Department of Biopathology, General University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - V Vargemezis
- Department of Nephrology, General University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - E Maltezos
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - I Pneumatikos
- Intensive Care Unit, General University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Little D, Thompson JW, Dubois LG, Ruch DS, Moseley MA, Guilak F. Proteomic differences between male and female anterior cruciate ligament and patellar tendon. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96526. [PMID: 24818782 PMCID: PMC4018326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and re-injury is greater for women than men. Among other factors, compositional differences may play a role in this differential risk. Patellar tendon (PT) autografts are commonly used during reconstruction. The aim of the study was to compare protein expression in male and female ACL and PT. We hypothesized that there would be differences in key structural components between PT and ACL, and that components of the proteome critical for response to mechanical loading and response to injury would demonstrate significant differences between male and female. Two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and a label-free quantitative approach was used to identify proteomic differences between male and female PT and ACL. ACL contained less type I and more type III collagen than PT. There were tissue-specific differences in expression of proteoglycans, and ACL was enriched in elastin, tenascin C and X, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, thrombospondin 4 and periostin. Between male and female donors, alcohol dehydrogenase 1B and complement component 9 were enriched in female compared to male. Myocilin was the major protein enriched in males compared to females. Important compositional differences between PT and ACL were identified, and we identified differences in pathways related to extracellular matrix regulation, complement, apoptosis, metabolism of advanced glycation end-products and response to mechanical loading between males and females. Identification of proteomic differences between male and female PT and ACL has identified novel pathways which may lead to improved understanding of differential ACL injury and re-injury risk between males and females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dianne Little
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - J. Will Thompson
- Proteomics Core Facility, Institute for Genome Science & Policy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Laura G. Dubois
- Proteomics Core Facility, Institute for Genome Science & Policy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David S. Ruch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - M. Arthur Moseley
- Proteomics Core Facility, Institute for Genome Science & Policy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wester-Rosenlöf L, Casslén V, Axelsson J, Edström-Hägerwall A, Gram M, Holmqvist M, Johansson ME, Larsson I, Ley D, Marsal K, Mörgelin M, Rippe B, Rutardottir S, Shohani B, Åkerström B, Hansson SR. A1M/α1-microglobulin protects from heme-induced placental and renal damage in a pregnant sheep model of preeclampsia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86353. [PMID: 24489717 PMCID: PMC3904882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy complication that manifests as hypertension and proteinuria after the 20(th) gestation week. Previously, fetal hemoglobin (HbF) has been identified as a plausible causative factor. Cell-free Hb and its degradation products are known to cause oxidative stress and tissue damage, typical of the PE placenta. A1M (α1-microglobulin) is an endogenous scavenger of radicals and heme. Here, the usefulness of A1M as a treatment for PE is investigated in the pregnant ewe PE model, in which starvation induces PE symptoms via hemolysis. Eleven ewes, in late pregnancy, were starved for 36 hours and then treated with A1M (n = 5) or placebo (n = 6) injections. After injections, the ewes were re-fed and observed for additional 72 hours. They were monitored for blood pressure, proteinuria, blood cell distribution and clinical and inflammation markers in plasma. Before termination, the utero-placental circulation was analyzed with Doppler velocimetry and the kidney glomerular function was analyzed by Ficoll sieving. At termination, blood, kidney and placenta samples were collected and analyzed for changes in gene expression and tissue structure. The starvation resulted in increased amounts of the hemolysis marker bilirubin in the blood, structural damages to the placenta and kidneys and an increased glomerular sieving coefficient indicating a defect filtration barrier. Treatment with A1M ameliorated these changes without signs of side-effects. In conclusion, A1M displayed positive therapeutic effects in the ewe starvation PE model, and was well tolerated. Therefore, we suggest A1M as a plausible treatment for PE in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vera Casslén
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Magnus Gram
- Department of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Madlene Holmqvist
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Iréne Larsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Ley
- Department of Pediatrics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karel Marsal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Bengt Rippe
- Department of Nephrology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Behnaz Shohani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Department of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail: (BÅ); (SRH)
| | - Stefan R. Hansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail: (BÅ); (SRH)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sverrisson K, Axelsson J, Rippe A, Gram M, Åkerström B, Hansson SR, Rippe B. Extracellular fetal hemoglobin induces increases in glomerular permeability: inhibition with α1-microglobulin and tempol. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 306:F442-8. [PMID: 24338823 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00502.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and adult hemoglobin (HbA) are proinflammatory and generate ROS. Increased plasma levels of extracellular HbF have recently been reported to occur in early preeclampsia. α1-Microglobulin (A1M) is a physiological heme-binding protein and radical scavenger that has been shown to counteract vascular permeability increases induced by HbA in the perfused placenta. The present study was performed to investigate whether HbF and HbA will increase glomerular permeability in vivo and to test whether A1M and tempol, a ROS scavenger, can prevent their effects. Anesthetized Wistar rats were continuously infused intravenously with either HbA, HbF, or cyano-inactivated HbF together with FITC-Ficoll-70/400, inulin, and (51)Cr-labeled EDTA for 2 h. Plasma samples and urine samples (left ureter) were taken repeatedly and analyzed by high-performance size exclusion chromatography to assess glomerular sieving coefficients for Ficoll of radius 10-80 Å. In separate experiments, A1M or tempol was given before and during Hb infusions. Extracellular HbF caused rapid, transient increases in glomerular permeability to large Ficoll molecules (50-80Å), contrary to the effects of HbA and cyano-inactivated HbF. For HbF, glomerular sieving coefficients for Ficoll of radius 60Å increased from 3.85 ± 0.85 × 10(-5) to 2.60 ± 0.96 × 10(-4) at 15 min, changes that were abrogated by tempol and reduced by A1M. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that extracellular HbF, infused systemically, can acutely increase glomerular permeability through inducing oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristinn Sverrisson
- Dept. of Nephrology, Lund Univ., Skåne Univ. Hospital, Lund S-211 85, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Identification of apolipoprotein D as a cardioprotective gene using a mouse model of lethal atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:17023-8. [PMID: 24082102 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1315986110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice with homozygous null mutations in the HDL receptor (scavenger receptor class B, type I, or SR-BI) and apolipoprotein E (apoE) genes [SR-BI/apoE double KO (SR-BI(-/-)/apoE(-/-) or dKO) mice] spontaneously develop occlusive, atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) and die prematurely (50% mortality at 42 d of age). Using microarray mRNA expression profiling, we identified genes whose expression in the hearts of dKO mice changed substantially during disease progression [at 21 d of age (no CAD), 31 d of age (small myocardial infarctions), and 43 d of age (extensive myocardial infarctions) vs. CAD-free SR-BI(+/-)/apoE(-/-) controls]. Expression of most genes that increased >sixfold in dKO hearts at 43 d also increased after coronary artery ligation. We examined the influence and potential mechanism of action of apolipoprotein D (apoD) whose expression in dKO hearts increased 80-fold by 43 d. Analysis of ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial infarction in both apoD KO mice and wild-type mice with abnormally high plasma levels of apoD (adenovirus-mediated hepatic overexpression) established that apoD reduces myocardial infarction. There was a correlation of apoD's ability to protect primary cultured rat cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury with its potent ability to inhibit oxidation in a standard antioxidation assay in vitro. We conclude that dKO mice represent a useful mouse model of CAD and apoD may be part of an intrinsic cardioprotective system, possibly as a consequence of its antioxidation activity.
Collapse
|
43
|
Olsson MG, Rosenlöf LW, Kotarsky H, Olofsson T, Leanderson T, Mörgelin M, Fellman V, Åkerström B. The radical-binding lipocalin A1M binds to a Complex I subunit and protects mitochondrial structure and function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:2017-28. [PMID: 23157686 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS During cell death, energy-consuming cell degradation and recycling programs are performed. Maintenance of energy delivery during cell death is therefore crucial, but the mechanisms to keep the mitochondrial functions intact during these processes are poorly understood. We have investigated the hypothesis that the heme- and radical-binding ubiquitous protein α1-microglobulin (A1M) is involved in protection of the mitochondria against oxidative insult during cell death. RESULTS Using blood cells, keratinocytes, and liver cells, we show that A1M binds with high affinity to apoptosis-induced cells and is localized to mitochondria. The mitochondrial Complex I subunit NDUFAB1 was identified as a major molecular target of the A1M binding. Furthermore, A1M was shown to inhibit the swelling of mitochondria, and to reverse the severely abrogated ATP-production of mitochondria when exposed to heme and reactive oxygen species (ROS). INNOVATION Import of the radical- and heme-binding protein A1M from the extracellular compartment confers protection of the mitochondrial structure and function during cellular insult. CONCLUSION A1M binds to a subunit of Complex I and has a role in assisting the mitochondria to maintain its energy delivery during cell death. A1M may also, at the same time, counteract and eliminate the ROS generated by the mitochondrial respiration to prevent oxidative damage to surrounding healthy tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus G Olsson
- Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rutardottir S, Nilsson EJC, Pallon J, Gram M, Åkerström B. The cysteine 34 residue of A1M/α1-microglobulin is essential for protection of irradiated cell cultures and reduction of carbonyl groups. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:541-50. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.801555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
45
|
Nalepa AI, Taing JJ, Savitsky A, Knipp M. Preparation of cysteine-34-nitroxide spin labeled human α₁-microglobulin. Protein Expr Purif 2012. [PMID: 23201281 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
α(1)-Microglobulin (α(1)m) is a protein of yet unresolved function occurring in blood plasma and urine. It consists of a lipocaline type of fold with two cysteine residues forming a disulfide bridge and the third cysteine-34 remaining a free, somewhat reactive thiol. A number of investigations point to an interaction with heme and we have recently reported, that heme binding triggers the formation of a stable α(1)m trimer upon modification of cysteine-34 with 2-iodoacetamide, i.e., [α(1)m(heme)(2)](3) [J.F. Siebel, R.L. Kosinsky, B. Åkerström, M. Knipp, Insertion of heme b into the structure of the Cys34-carbamidomethylated human lipocalin α(1)-microglobulin-formation of a [(heme)(2)(α(1)-microglobulin)](3) complex, ChemBioChem 13 (2012) 879-887]. For further structural and functional investigations, an improved purification protocol for α(1)m was sought, in particular yielding an untagged amino acid sequence. The method reported herein improves the speed and the yield of the protein production even when an expression plasmid without tag was applied. Furthermore, for the purpose of future structural studies using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques, in accordance to the modification with 2-iodoacetamide (α(1)m(AM)), the protein was modified with 3-(2-iodoacetamido)-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxy (3-(2-iodoacetamido)-PROXYL) yielding the nitroxide spin labeled α(1)m(N-O). The extinction coefficient of the protein was calibrated using magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy of tryptophan (ε(280nm)=40,625M(-1)cm(-1)). The parallel quantification by absorbance spectroscopy (protein) and cw-EPR spectroscopy (radical spin) determined the degree of spin labeling to 90%. Characterization of the protein by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) upon tryptic digestion further demonstrated the similar fold of α(1)m(AM) and α(1)m(N-O), but also established the modification of cystein-34 as well as the formation of the cysteine-72-cysteine-169 disulfide bond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna I Nalepa
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Siebel JF, Kosinsky RL, Åkerström B, Knipp M. Insertion of heme b into the structure of the Cys34-carbamidomethylated human lipocalin α(1)-microglobulin: formation of a [(heme)(2) (α(1)-Microglobulin)](3) complex. Chembiochem 2012; 13:879-87. [PMID: 22492620 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
α(1)-Microglobulin (α(1)m) is a 26 kDa plasma and tissue protein belonging to the lipocalin protein family. Previous investigations indicate that the protein interacts with heme and suggest that it has a function in heme metabolism. However, detailed characterizations of the α(1)m-heme interactions are lacking. Here, we report for the first time the preparation and analysis of a stable α(1)m-heme complex upon carbamidomethylation of the reactive Cys34 by using recombinantly expressed human α(1)m. Analytical size-exclusion chromatography coupled with a diode-array absorbance spectrophotometry demonstrates that at first an α(1)m-heme monomer is formed. Subsequently, a second heme triggers oligomerization that leads to trimerization. The resulting (α(1)m[heme](2))(3) complex was characterized by resonance Raman and EPR spectroscopy, which support the presence of two ferrihemes, thus indicating an unusual spin-state admixed ground state with S=(3)/(2), (5)/(2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith F Siebel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Olsson MG, Allhorn M, Bülow L, Hansson SR, Ley D, Olsson ML, Schmidtchen A, Akerström B. Pathological conditions involving extracellular hemoglobin: molecular mechanisms, clinical significance, and novel therapeutic opportunities for α(1)-microglobulin. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:813-46. [PMID: 22324321 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) is the major oxygen (O(2))-carrying system of the blood but has many potentially dangerous side effects due to oxidation and reduction reactions of the heme-bound iron and O(2). Extracellular Hb, resulting from hemolysis or exogenous infusion, is shown to be an important pathogenic factor in a growing number of diseases. This review briefly outlines the oxidative/reductive toxic reactions of Hb and its metabolites. It also describes physiological protection mechanisms that have evolved against extracellular Hb, with a focus on the most recently discovered: the heme- and radical-binding protein α(1)-microglobulin (A1M). This protein is found in all vertebrates, including man, and operates by rapidly clearing cytosols and extravascular fluids of heme groups and free radicals released from Hb. Five groups of pathological conditions with high concentrations of extracellular Hb are described: hemolytic anemias and transfusion reactions, the pregnancy complication pre-eclampsia, cerebral intraventricular hemorrhage of premature infants, chronic inflammatory leg ulcers, and infusion of Hb-based O(2) carriers as blood substitutes. Finally, possible treatments of these conditions are discussed, giving a special attention to the described protective effects of A1M.
Collapse
|
48
|
Cederlund M, Ghosh F, Arnér K, Andréasson S, Akerström B. Vitreous levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and the radical-scavenger α1-microglobulin/A1M in human rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2012; 251:725-32. [PMID: 22829194 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-012-2113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore oxidative stress and the radical scavenger α(1)-microglobulin (A1M) in the vitreous body of human eyes with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). METHODS Levels of carbonyl groups, a marker of oxidative stress, and A1M were measured by ELISA and RIA in 14 vitreous samples derived from patients suffering from RRD, and compared with 14 samples from macula hole (MH) patients. Carbonyl group and A1M levels in RRD samples were statistically related to detachment characteristics. Analysis of total protein level, SDS-PAGE, and Western blotting of A1M was also performed. In a separate experiment, mRNA expression of A1M was measured by RT-PCR in rat retina explants. RESULTS Levels of carbonyl groups and A1M varied widely in RRD vitreous samples, but were significantly higher in samples derived from eyes with large detachment area and macula-off status, while the presence of vitreous hemorrhage did not show any significant correlation. Compared with MH samples, RRD samples displayed significantly higher levels of A1M, whereas changes in total protein levels and carbonyl groups were not significant. Novel forms of A1M, not previously seen in plasma, were found in the vitreous body by Western blotting. Furthermore, A1M expression was seen in rat retina explants and was upregulated after 24 h of culturing. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress is a prominent feature of human eyes with primary RRD, and is directly related to detachment severity. Affected eyes can launch a protective response in the form of the radical scavenger A1M possibly derived from the retina. The results thus indicate potential therapeutic cell loss prevention in RRD by employing the endogeneous radical scavenger A1M.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Cederlund
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC B14, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|