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Cabral Miranda LJ, Danilovic DLS, Vanderlei FAB, Tavares MR, Neto NL, Asato de Camargo RY, Marui S. Prevalence of DICER1 variants in large multinodular goiter: thyroid function, clinical and imaging characteristics. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2024; 68:e230030. [PMID: 38330293 PMCID: PMC10948041 DOI: 10.20945/2359-4292-2023-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Objective Mutations in DICER1 are found in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and in multinodular goiter (MNG) at a younger age with other tumors, which characterizes DICER1 syndrome. DICER1 is one driver to DTC; however, it is also found in benign nodules. We speculated that patients with mutations in DICER1 may present long-lasting MNG. Our aim was to investigate the frequency of DICER1 variants in patients with MNG. Subjects and methods Patients who submitted to total thyroidectomy due to large MNG with symptoms were evaluated. DICER1 hotspots were sequenced from thyroid nodule samples. To confirm somatic mutation, DNA from peripheral blood was also analyzed. Results Among 715 patients, 154 were evaluated with 56.2 ± 12.3 years old (28-79) and the thyroid volume was 115.7 ± 108 mL (16.2-730). We found 11% with six DICER1 variations in a homo or heterozygous state. Only rs12018992 was a somatic DICER1 variant. All remaining variants were synonymous and likely benign, according to the ClinVar database. The rs12018992 was previously described in an adolescent with DTC, measuring 13 mm. There were no significant differences according to gender, familial history of goiter, age, thyroid volume, TSH and TI-RADS classification between DICER1 carriers. Free T4 were lower in patients with DICER1 polymorphisms (13.77 ± 1.8 vs. 15.44 ± 2.4 pmol/L, p = 0.008), regardless of TSH levels. Conclusion We conclude that germline DICER1 variants can be found in 11% of large goiters but no second-hit somatic mutation was found. DICER1 is one driver to thyroid lesion and a second-hit event seems unnecessary in the MNG development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Judith Cabral Miranda
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular (LIM25), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Débora L S Danilovic
- Unidade de Tireoide, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Felipe Augusto Brasileiro Vanderlei
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Disciplina de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcos Roberto Tavares
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Disciplina de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Nicolau Lima Neto
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Disciplina de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Rosalinda Yossie Asato de Camargo
- Unidade de Tireoide, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Suemi Marui
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular (LIM25), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil,
- Unidade de Tireoide, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Ricarte-Filho JC, Casado-Medrano V, Reichenberger E, Spangler Z, Scheerer M, Isaza A, Baran J, Patel T, MacFarland SP, Brodeur GM, Stewart DR, Baloch Z, Bauer AJ, Wasserman JD, Franco AT. DICER1 RNase IIIb domain mutations trigger widespread miRNA dysregulation and MAPK activation in pediatric thyroid cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1083382. [PMID: 36896180 PMCID: PMC9990750 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1083382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
DICER1 is a highly conserved RNase III endoribonuclease essential for the biogenesis of single-stranded mature microRNAs (miRNAs) from stem-loop precursor miRNAs. Somatic mutations in the RNase IIIb domain of DICER1 impair its ability to generate mature 5p miRNAs and are believed to drive tumorigenesis in DICER1 syndrome-associated and sporadic thyroid tumors. However, the DICER1-driven specific changes in miRNAs and resulting changes in gene expression are poorly understood in thyroid tissue. In this study, we profiled the miRNA (n=2,083) and mRNA (n=2,559) transcriptomes of 20 non-neoplastic, 8 adenomatous and 60 pediatric thyroid cancers (13 follicular thyroid cancers [FTC] and 47 papillary thyroid cancers [PTC]) of which 8 had DICER1 RNase IIIb mutations. All DICER1-mutant differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) were follicular patterned (six follicular variant PTC and two FTC), none had lymph node metastasis. We demonstrate that DICER1 pathogenic somatic mutations were associated with a global reduction of 5p-derived miRNAs, including those particularly abundant in the non-neoplastic thyroid tissue such as let-7 and mir-30 families, known for their tumor suppressor function. There was also an unexpected increase of 3p miRNAs, possibly associated with DICER1 mRNA expression increase in tumors harboring RNase IIIb mutations. These abnormally expressed 3p miRNAs, which are otherwise low or absent in DICER1-wt DTC and non-neoplastic thyroid tissues, make up exceptional markers for malignant thyroid tumors harboring DICER1 RNase IIIb mutations. The extensive disarray in the miRNA transcriptome results in gene expression changes, which were indicative of positive regulation of cell-cycle. Moreover, differentially expressed genes point to increased MAPK signaling output and loss of thyroid differentiation comparable to the RAS-like subgroup of PTC (as coined by The Cancer Genome Atlas), which is reflective of the more indolent clinical behavior of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C. Ricarte-Filho
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Victoria Casado-Medrano
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Erin Reichenberger
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zachary Spangler
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michele Scheerer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Amber Isaza
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Julia Baran
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tasleema Patel
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Suzanne P. MacFarland
- Division of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Cancer Predisposition Program, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Garrett M. Brodeur
- Division of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Cancer Predisposition Program, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Douglas R. Stewart
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Zubair Baloch
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Andrew J. Bauer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Cancer Predisposition Program, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Aime T. Franco
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Cancer Predisposition Program, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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3
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Lee SH, Vadlamudi C, Zhao Q, Yilmaz O, Cerda S. An institutional experience with DICER1 mutated thyroid nodules-evaluating the cytomorphology and molecular phenotype. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2022; 11:335-344. [PMID: 35934646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DICER1 mutated thyroid nodules are commonly seen in pediatric populations often, as part of DICER1 syndrome. We seek to evaluate DICER1 mutated thyroid nodules in adult populations to assess whether there exists distinctive clinical, cytologic, histologic, and molecular characteristics that underline our institutional cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective analysis was performed on all fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens with a corresponding ThyroSeq panel, to select a cohort of cases with DICER1 mutations. Clinical, radiologic, and cytology materials were reviewed, and histology was reviewed for corresponding resection cases were available. ThyroSeq panel was further scrutinized for additional molecular alterations and variant allele frequency. RESULTS DICER1 mutated thyroid nodules (n = 8), more commonly occurred in younger adults (P = 0.01) with larger (P = 0.01) nodules and only in female patients in our cohort. FNA commonly demonstrates cellular specimens with banal cytomorphologic cues including regular nuclei, inconspicuous nucleoli, smooth nuclear membranes, and abundant colloid. On retrospective review by 2 cytopathologists, the lesions were frequently diagnosed as Bethesda II (5 of 8) by both reviewers. Histology, when available, showed that all nodules were categorized as follicular adenomas (5 of 5), often demonstrating macrofollicles with papillary excrescences demonstrating bland nuclei (4 of 5). DICER1 mutational profile revealed a variant allele frequency of >40% in 25% of cases (2 of 8) and >30% in an additional 4 cases, highlighting a possible germline association. CONCLUSIONS DICER1 mutated nodules may be under-reported due to banal cytomorphologic features and may be associated with an underlying germline alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charitha Vadlamudi
- Department of Pathology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Osman Yilmaz
- Department of Pathology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Sandra Cerda
- Department of Pathology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Misiak D, Bauer M, Lange J, Haase J, Braun J, Lorenz K, Wickenhauser C, Hüttelmaier S. MiRNA Deregulation Distinguishes Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma (ATC) and Supports Upregulation of Oncogene Expression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235913. [PMID: 34885022 PMCID: PMC8657272 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most fatal and rapidly evolving endocrine malignancy invading the head and neck region and accounts for up to 50% of thyroid cancer-associated deaths. Deregulation of the microRNA (miRNA) expression promotes thyroid carcinoma progression by modulating the reorganization of the ATC transcriptome. Here, we applied comparative miRNA-mRNA sequencing on a cohort of 28 thyroid carcinomas to unravel the association of deregulated miRNA and mRNA expression. This identified 85 miRNAs significantly deregulated in ATC. By establishing a new analysis pipeline, we unraveled 85 prime miRNA-mRNA interactions supporting the downregulation of candidate tumor suppressors and the upregulation of bona fide oncogenes such as survivin (BIRC5) in ATC. This miRNA-dependent reprogramming of the ATC transcriptome provided an mRNA signature comprising 65 genes sharply distinguishing ATC from other thyroid carcinomas. The validation of the deregulated protein expression in an independent thyroid carcinoma cohort demonstrates that miRNA-dependent oncogenes comprised in this signature, the transferrin receptor TFRC (CD71) and the E3-ubiquitin ligase DTL, are sharply upregulated in ATC. This upregulation is sufficient to distinguish ATC even from poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas (PDTC). In sum, these findings provide new diagnostic tools and a robust resource to explore the key miRNA-mRNA regulation underlying the progression of thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Misiak
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany; (D.M.); (J.L.); (J.H.); (J.B.)
| | - Marcus Bauer
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany; (M.B.); (C.W.)
| | - Jana Lange
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany; (D.M.); (J.L.); (J.H.); (J.B.)
| | - Jacob Haase
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany; (D.M.); (J.L.); (J.H.); (J.B.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Juliane Braun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany; (D.M.); (J.L.); (J.H.); (J.B.)
- Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kerstin Lorenz
- Department of Visceral, Vascular, and Endocrine Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany; (M.B.); (C.W.)
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany; (D.M.); (J.L.); (J.H.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Ramírez-Moya J, Santisteban P. A Positive Feedback Loop Between DICER1 and Differentiation Transcription Factors Is Important for Thyroid Tumorigenesis. Thyroid 2021; 31:912-921. [PMID: 33176626 PMCID: PMC8215414 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: DICER1 plays a central role in microRNA biogenesis and functions as a tumor suppressor in thyroid cancer, which is the most frequent endocrine malignancy with a rapidly increasing incidence. Thyroid cancer progression is associated with loss of cell differentiation and reduced expression of thyroid differentiation genes and response to thyrotropin (TSH). Here we investigated whether a molecular link exists between DICER1 and thyroid differentiation pathways. Methods: We used bioinformatic tools to search for transcription factor binding sites in the DICER1 promoter. DICER1, NKX2-1, PAX8, and CREB expression levels were evaluated by gene and protein expression in vitro and by interrogation of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) thyroid cancer data. Transcription factor binding and activity were assayed by chromatin immunoprecipitation, band-shift analysis, and promoter-reporter gene activity. Gene-silencing and overexpression approaches were used to elucidate the functional link between DICER1 and differentiation. Results: We identified binding sites for NKX2-1 and CREB within the DICER1 promoter and found that both transcription factors are functional in thyroid cells. TSH induced DICER1 expression in differentiated thyroid cells, at least in part, through the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. TCGA analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between CREB and DICER1 expression in human thyroid tumors. NKX2-1 overexpression increased DICER1 promoter activity and expression in vitro, and this was significantly greater in the presence of CREB and/or PAX8. Gain- and loss-of-function assays revealed that DICER1 regulates NKX2-1 expression in thyroid tumor cells and vice versa, thus establishing a positive feedback loop between both proteins. We also found a positive correlation between NKX2-1 and DICER1 expression in human thyroid tumors. DICER1 silencing decreased PAX8 expression and, importantly, the expression and activity of the sodium iodide symporter, which is essential for the diagnostic and therapeutic use of radioiodine in thyroid cancer. Conclusions: The differentiation transcription factors NKX2.1, PAX8, and CREB act in a positive feedback loop with DICER1. As the expression of these transcription factors is markedly diminished in thyroid cancer, our findings suggest that DICER1 downregulation in this cancer is mediated, at least partly, through impairment of its transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ramírez-Moya
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols,” Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas, and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Santisteban
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols,” Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas, and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Address correspondence to: Pilar Santisteban, PhD, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), C/Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
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6
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Fabian DK, Fuentealba M, Dönertaş HM, Partridge L, Thornton JM. Functional conservation in genes and pathways linking ageing and immunity. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2021; 18:23. [PMID: 33990202 PMCID: PMC8120713 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-021-00232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
At first glance, longevity and immunity appear to be different traits that have not much in common except the fact that the immune system promotes survival upon pathogenic infection. Substantial evidence however points to a molecularly intertwined relationship between the immune system and ageing. Although this link is well-known throughout the animal kingdom, its genetic basis is complex and still poorly understood. To address this question, we here provide a compilation of all genes concomitantly known to be involved in immunity and ageing in humans and three well-studied model organisms, the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, and the house mouse Mus musculus. By analysing human orthologs among these species, we identified 7 evolutionarily conserved signalling cascades, the insulin/TOR network, three MAPK (ERK, p38, JNK), JAK/STAT, TGF-β, and Nf-κB pathways that act pleiotropically on ageing and immunity. We review current evidence for these pathways linking immunity and lifespan, and their role in the detrimental dysregulation of the immune system with age, known as immunosenescence. We argue that the phenotypic effects of these pathways are often context-dependent and vary, for example, between tissues, sexes, and types of pathogenic infection. Future research therefore needs to explore a higher temporal, spatial and environmental resolution to fully comprehend the connection between ageing and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Fabian
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK. .,Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Matías Fuentealba
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.,Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Handan Melike Dönertaş
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Linda Partridge
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.,Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janet M Thornton
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
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Fuentealba M, Fabian DK, Dönertaş HM, Thornton JM, Partridge L. Transcriptomic profiling of long- and short-lived mutant mice implicates mitochondrial metabolism in ageing and shows signatures of normal ageing in progeroid mice. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 194:111437. [PMID: 33454277 PMCID: PMC7895802 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genetically modified mouse models of ageing are the living proof that lifespan and healthspan can be lengthened or shortened, and provide a powerful context in which to unravel the molecular mechanisms at work. In this study, we analysed and compared gene expression data from 10 long-lived and 8 short-lived mouse models of ageing. Transcriptome-wide correlation analysis revealed that mutations with equivalent effects on lifespan induce more similar transcriptomic changes, especially if they target the same pathway. Using functional enrichment analysis, we identified 58 gene sets with consistent changes in long- and short-lived mice, 55 of which were up-regulated in long-lived mice and down-regulated in short-lived mice. Half of these sets represented genes involved in energy and lipid metabolism, among which Ppargc1a, Mif, Aldh5a1 and Idh1 were frequently observed. Based on the gene sets with consistent changes, and also the whole transcriptome, the gene expression changes during normal ageing resembled the transcriptome of short-lived models, suggesting that accelerated ageing models reproduce partially the molecular changes of ageing. Finally, we identified new genetic interventions that may ameliorate ageing, by comparing the transcriptomes of 51 mouse mutants not previously associated with ageing to expression signatures of long- and short-lived mice and ageing-related changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Fuentealba
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Daniel K Fabian
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Handan Melike Dönertaş
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Janet M Thornton
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Linda Partridge
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.
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Miasaki FY, Fuziwara CS, de Carvalho GA, Kimura ET. Genetic Mutations and Variants in the Susceptibility of Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1364. [PMID: 33218058 PMCID: PMC7698903 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine malignancy with the majority of cases derived from thyroid follicular cells and caused by sporadic mutations. However, when at least two or more first degree relatives present thyroid cancer, it is classified as familial non-medullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) that may comprise 3-9% of all thyroid cancer. In this context, 5% of FNMTC are related to hereditary syndromes such as Cowden and Werner Syndromes, displaying specific genetic predisposition factors. On the other hand, the other 95% of cases are classified as non-syndromic FNMTC. Over the last 20 years, several candidate genes emerged in different studies of families worldwide. Nevertheless, the identification of a prevalent polymorphism or germinative mutation has not progressed in FNMTC. In this work, an overview of genetic alteration related to syndromic and non-syndromic FNMTC is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabíola Yukiko Miasaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SEMPR), Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80030-110, Brazil; (F.Y.M.); (G.A.d.C.)
| | - Cesar Seigi Fuziwara
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Gisah Amaral de Carvalho
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SEMPR), Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80030-110, Brazil; (F.Y.M.); (G.A.d.C.)
| | - Edna Teruko Kimura
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
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Recurrent DICER1 Hotspot Mutations in Malignant Thyroid Gland Teratomas: Molecular Characterization and Proposal for a Separate Classification. Am J Surg Pathol 2020; 44:826-833. [PMID: 31917706 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid gland teratomas are rare tumors that span a wide clinicopathologic spectrum. Although benign and immature teratomas arise in infants and young children and generally have good outcomes, malignant teratomas affect adults and follow an aggressive course. This divergent behavior raises the possibility that benign/immature and malignant teratomas are separate entities rather than different grades of a single tumor. However, the histogenesis and molecular underpinnings of thyroid gland teratomas are poorly understood regardless of grade. In this study, we performed next-generation sequencing on 8 thyroid gland teratomas, including 4 malignant, 3 benign, and 1 immature. We identified DICER1 hotspot mutations in all 4 malignant cases (100%) but not in any benign/immature cases (0%). No clinically significant mutations in other genes were found in either group. We also performed immunohistochemistry to characterize the primitive components of malignant teratomas. Not only did all cases consistently contain immature neural elements (synaptophysin and INSM1 positive), but also spindled cells with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation (desmin and myogenin positive) and bland epithelial proliferations of thyroid follicular origin (TTF-1 and PAX8 positive). Although DICER1 mutations have previously been implicated in multinodular hyperplasia and well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas, these findings demonstrate the first recurrent role for DICER1 in primitive thyroid tumors. The combined neural, rhabdomyoblastic, and homologous epithelial elements highlighted in this series of malignant thyroid gland teratomas parallel the components of DICER1-mutated tumors in other organs. Overall, these molecular findings further expand the differences between benign/immature teratomas and malignant teratomas, supporting the classification of these tumors as separate entities.
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Giannocco G, Kizys MML, Maciel RM, de Souza JS. Thyroid hormone, gene expression, and Central Nervous System: Where we are. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 114:47-56. [PMID: 32980238 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH; T3 and T4) play a fundamental role in the fetal stage to the adult phase, controlling gene and protein expression in virtually all tissues. The endocrine and CNS systems have relevant interaction, and the TH are pivotal for the proper functioning of the CNS. A slight failure to regulate TH availability during pregnancy and/or childhood can lead to neurological disorders, for example, autism and cognitive impairment, or depression. In this review, we highlight how TH acts in controlling gene expression, its role in the CNS, and what substances widely found in the environment can cause in this tissue. We highlight the role of Endocrine Disruptors used on an everyday basis in the processing of mRNAs responsible for neurodevelopment. We conclude that TH, more precisely T3, acts mainly throughout its nuclear receptors, that the deficiency of this hormone, either due to the lack of its main substrate iodine, or by to incorrect organification of T4 and T3 in the gland, or by a mutation in transporters, receptors and deiodinases may cause mild (dysregulated mood in adulthood) to severe neurological impairment (Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome, presented as early as childhood); T3 is responsible for the expression of numerous CNS genes related to oxygen transport, growth factors, myelination, cell maturation. Substances present in the environment and widely used can interfere with the functioning of the thyroid gland, the action of TH, and the functioning of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Giannocco
- Departamento de Medicina, Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Medicina Translacional, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 11 andar, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Diadema, SP 09920-000, Brazil
| | - Marina Malta Letro Kizys
- Departamento de Medicina, Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Medicina Translacional, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 11 andar, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Rui Monteiro Maciel
- Departamento de Medicina, Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Medicina Translacional, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 11 andar, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Janaina Sena de Souza
- Departamento de Medicina, Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Medicina Translacional, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 11 andar, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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11
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The critical impacts of small RNA biogenesis proteins on aging, longevity and age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101087. [PMID: 32497728 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Small RNAs and enzymes that provide their biogenesis and functioning are involved in the organism development and coordination of biological processes, including metabolism, maintaining genome integrity, immune and stress responses. In this review, we focused on the role of small RNA biogenesis proteins in determining the aging and longevity of animals and human. A number of studies have revealed that changes in expression profiles of key enzymes, in particular proteins of the Drosha, Dicer and Argonaute families, are associated with the aging process, as well as with some age-related diseases and progeroid syndromes. Down-regulation of small RNA biogenesis proteins leads to global alterations in the expression of regulatory RNAs, disruption of key molecular, cellular and systemic processes, which leads to a lifespan shortening. In contrast, overexpression of Dicer prolongs lifespan and improves cellular defense. Additionally, the role of small RNA biogenesis proteins in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases, including cancer, inflammaging, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular, metabolic and immune disorders, has been conclusively evidenced. Recent advances in biomedicine allow using these proteins as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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12
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Fuziwara CS, Saito KC, Kimura ET. Thyroid Follicular Cell Loss of Differentiation Induced by MicroRNA miR-17-92 Cluster Is Attenuated by CRISPR/Cas9n Gene Silencing in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid 2020; 30:81-94. [PMID: 31578932 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2018.0601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Loss of the expression of thyroid differentiation markers such as sodium iodide symporter (NIS) and, consequently, radioiodine refractoriness is observed in aggressive papillary thyroid cancer and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) that may harbor the BRAFV600E mutation. Activation of the BRAFV600E oncogene in thyroid follicular cells induces the expression of the miR-17-92 cluster that comprises seven mature microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are a class of endogenous small RNAs (∼22 nt) that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Indeed, miR-17-92 is overexpressed in ATC, and in silico prediction shows the potential targeting of thyroid transcription factors and tumor suppressor pathways. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of the miR-17-92 cluster in thyroid cell differentiation and function. Methods:miR-17-92 silencing was performed using CRISPR/Cas9n-guided genomic editing of the miR-17-92 gene in the KTC2 ATC cell line, and miR-17-92 cluster or individual miRNAs were overexpressed in PCCl3 thyroid cells to evaluate the influence in thyroid cell differentiation and cell function. Results: In this study, we demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9n gene editing of the miR-17-92 cluster results in promotion of thyroid follicular cell differentiation (NIS, thyroperoxidase, thyroglobulin, PAX8, and NKX2-1 expression) in the KTC2 ATC cell line and inhibits cell migration and proliferation by restoring transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway responsiveness. Moreover, induction of the miR-17-92 cluster in normal thyroid follicular cells strongly impairs thyroid differentiation and induces a pro-oncogenic effect by blocking TGF-β signaling and increasing cell migration. Conclusions:miR-17-92 is a potent regulator of thyroid follicular cell differentiation, and CRISPR/Cas9n-mediated editing of the miR-17-92 gene efficiently blocks miR-17-92 expression in the KTC2 ATC cell line, resulting in improvement of thyroid differentiation. Thus, targeting miR-17-92 could provide a potential molecular approach to restoring thyroid cell differentiation and NIS expression in aggressive thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Seigi Fuziwara
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelly Cristina Saito
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edna Teruko Kimura
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Fuziwara CS, Saito KC, Kimura ET. Interplay of TGFβ signaling and microRNA in thyroid cell loss of differentiation and cancer progression. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2019; 63:536-544. [PMID: 31482959 PMCID: PMC10522270 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer has been rapidly increasing in prevalence among humans in last 2 decades and is the most prevalent endocrine malignancy. Overall, thyroid-cancer patients have good rates of long-term survival, but a small percentage present poor outcome. Thyroid cancer aggressiveness is essentially related with thyroid follicular cell loss of differentiation and metastasis. The discovery of oncogenes that drive thyroid cancer (such as RET, RAS, and BRAF), and are aligned in the MAPK/ERK pathway has led to a new perspective of thyroid oncogenesis. The uncovering of additional oncogene-modulated signaling pathways revealed an intricate and active signaling cross-talk. Among these, microRNAs, which are a class of small, noncoding RNAs, expanded this cross-talk by modulating several components of the oncogenic network - thus establishing a new layer of regulation. In this context, TGFβ signaling plays an important role in cancer as a dual factor: it can exert an antimitogenic effect in normal thyroid follicular cells, and promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cell migration, and invasion in cancer cells. In this review, we explore how microRNAs influence the loss of thyroid differentiation and the increase in aggressiveness of thyroid cancers by regulating the dual function of TGFβ. This review provides directions for future research to encourage the development of new strategies and molecular approaches that can improve the treatment of aggressive thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Seigi Fuziwara
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Kelly Cristina Saito
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Edna Teruko Kimura
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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14
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Zhang G, Jiang Y, Zhang S, Zhao L, Fan J, Zhang Z, Ma J, Chen R, Xu Y. Genetic analysis of a hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma case with normal preoperative serum calcitonin levels. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152529. [PMID: 31409511 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Serum calcitonin is often elevated in medulla thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and thus serves as an indicator of primary and recurrent disease. However, there are MTC patients with normal Serum calcitonin and the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. CASE DESCRIPTION A 48-year-old female patient presenting with a right anterior cervical mass was diagnosed with medullary carcinoma. She had elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) but normal Serum calcitonin levels. Next generation sequencing (NGS) of paired tumor and peripheral blood revealed a germline pathogenic RET mutation, indicating the hereditary nature of MTC in this patient. Two somatic loss-of-function mutations in DICER1 gene were also found, which we postulated to account for the normal calcitonin levels found in this patient. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a hereditary MTC case displaying a normal Serum calcitonin. CONCLUSIONS The case suggests NGS can be used in the diagnosis of hereditary MTC and exploring the reasons of normal Serum calcitonin in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Lianhua Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Daping Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Jianhui Ma
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China.
| | | | - Yan Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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15
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Impaired microRNA processing by DICER1 downregulation endows thyroid cancer with increased aggressiveness. Oncogene 2019; 38:5486-5499. [PMID: 30967628 PMCID: PMC6755984 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0804-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The global downregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is emerging as a common hallmark of cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not well known. We identified that the oncogenic miR-146b-5p attenuates miRNA biosynthesis by targeting DICER1 and reducing its expression. DICER1 overexpression inhibited all the miR-146b-induced aggressive phenotypes in thyroid cells. Systemic injection of an anti-miR-146b in mice with orthotopic thyroid tumors suppressed tumor growth and recovered DICER1 levels. Notably, DICER1 downregulation promoted proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition through miRNA downregulation. Our analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed a general decrease in DICER1 expression in thyroid cancer that was associated with a worse clinical outcome. Administration of the small-molecule enoxacin to promote DICER1 complex activity reduced tumor aggressiveness both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, our data confirm DICER1 as a tumor suppressor and show that oncogenic miR-146b contributes to its downregulation. Moreover, our results highlight a potential therapeutic application of RNA-based therapies including miRNA inhibitors and restoration of the biogenesis machinery, which may provide treatments for thyroid and other cancers.
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16
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Follicular cell lineage in persistent ultimobranchial remnants of mammals. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 376:1-18. [PMID: 30617614 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-02982-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been a subject of much debate whether thyroid follicular cells originate from the ultimobranchial body, in addition to median thyroid primordium. Ultimobranchial remnants are detected in normal dogs, rats, mice, cattle, bison and humans and also in mutant mice such as Eya1 homozygotes, Hox3 paralogs homozygotes, Nkx2.1 heterozygotes and FRS2α2F/2F. Besides C cells, follicular cell lineages immunoreactive for thyroglobulin are located within these ultimobranchial remnants. In dogs, the C cell complexes, i.e., large cell clusters consisting of C cells and undifferentiated cells, are present together with parathyroid IV and thymus IV in or close to the thyroid lobe. In addition, follicular cells in various stages of differentiation, including follicular cell groups and primitive and minute follicles storing colloid, are intermingled with C cells in some complexes. This review elaborates the transcription factors and signaling molecules involved in folliculogenesis and it is supposed why the follicular cells in the ultimobranchial remnants are sustained in immature stages. Pax8, a transcription factor crucial for the development of follicular cells, is expressed in the fourth pharyngeal pouch and the ultimobranchial body in human embryos. Pax8 expression is also detected in the ultimobranchial remnants of Eya1 and Hes1 null mutant mice. To determine whether the C cells and follicular cells in the ultimobranchial remnants consist of dual lineage cells or are derived from the common precursor, the changes of undifferentiated cells in dog C cell complexes are examined after chronically induced hypercalcemia or antithyroid drug treatment.
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17
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Constitutive Dicer1 phosphorylation accelerates metabolism and aging in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 116:960-969. [PMID: 30593561 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1814377116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
DICER1 gene alterations and decreased expression are associated with developmental disorders and diseases in humans. Oscillation of Dicer1 phosphorylation and dephosphorylation regulates its function during the oocyte-to-embryo transition in Caenorhabditis elegans Dicer1 is also phosphorylated upon FGF stimulation at conserved serines in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and HEK293 cells. However, whether phosphorylation of Dicer1 has a role in mammalian development remains unknown. To investigate the consequence of constitutive phosphorylation, we generated phosphomimetic knock-in mouse models by replacing conserved serines 1712 and 1836 with aspartic acids individually or together. Dicer1 S1836D/S1836D mice display highly penetrant postnatal lethality, and the few survivors display accelerated aging and infertility. Homozygous dual-phosphomimetic Dicer1 augments these defects, alters metabolism-associated miRNAs, and causes a hypermetabolic phenotype. Thus, constitutive phosphorylation of Dicer1 results in multiple pathologic processes in mice, indicating that phosphorylation tightly regulates Dicer1 function and activity in mammals.
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18
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Löf C, Patyra K, Kero A, Kero J. Genetically modified mouse models to investigate thyroid development, function and growth. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 32:241-256. [PMID: 29779579 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones (TH), which are essential regulators for growth, development and metabolism. The thyroid is mainly controlled by the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) that binds to its receptor (TSHR) on thyrocytes and mediates its action via different G protein-mediated signaling pathways. TSH primarily activates the Gs-pathway, and at higher concentrations also the Gq/11-pathway, leading to an increase of intracellular cAMP and Ca2+, respectively. To date, the physiological importance of other G protein-mediated signaling pathways in thyrocytes is unclear. Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is defined as the lack of TH at birth. In familial cases, high-throughput sequencing methods have facilitated the identification of novel mutations. Nevertheless, the precise etiology of CH yet remains unraveled in a proportion of cases. Genetically modified mouse models can reveal new pathophysiological mechanisms of thyroid diseases. Here, we will present an overview of genetic mouse models for thyroid diseases, which have provided crucial insights into thyroid gland development, function, and growth with a special focus on TSHR and microRNA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Löf
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - K Patyra
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - A Kero
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - J Kero
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland.
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19
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Park EJ, Shimaoka M, Kiyono H. MicroRNA-mediated dynamic control of mucosal immunity. Int Immunol 2018; 29:157-163. [PMID: 28383678 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is a complex and important physiological and immunological organ embodying the first line of defense by which mucosal immunity regulates the immense number and diversity of naturally encountered antigens and commensal microflora. Effective microRNA (miRNA) control of transcription factors or mediators in mucosal immunity is essential to host defense and homeostasis in both physiologic and pathologic states. MiRNA biology has advanced our understanding of the immune regulatory system network at the level of post-transcriptional gene modification. Increasing knowledge on circulating miRNAs could potentially enhance diagnostic techniques in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Furthermore, recent findings on the dynamic role of exosomes vis-à-vis the intercellular transportation of miRNAs may provide insights on the use of miRNA as a target for treating IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeong Park
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu-city, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Motomu Shimaoka
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu-city, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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20
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Epithelialization of mouse ovarian tumor cells originating in the fallopian tube stroma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:66077-66086. [PMID: 27602775 PMCID: PMC5323216 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian carcinoma accounts for 90% of all ovarian cancer and is the most deadly gynecologic malignancy. Recent studies have suggested that fallopian tube fimbriae can be the origin of cells for high-grade serous subtype of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). A mouse HGSOC model with conditional Dicer-Pten double knockout (Dicer-Pten DKO) developed primary tumors, intriguingly, from the fallopian tube stroma. We examined the growth and epithelial phenotypes of the Dicer-Pten DKO mouse tumor cells contributable by each gene knockout. Unlike human ovarian epithelial cancer cells that expressed full-length E-cadherin, the Dicer-Pten DKO stromal tumor cells expressed cleaved E-cadherin fragments and metalloproteinase 2, a mixture of epithelial and mesenchymal markers. Although the Dicer-Pten DKO tumor cells lost the expression of mature microRNAs as expected, they showed high levels of tRNA fragment expression and enhanced AKT activation due to the loss of PTEN function. Introduction of a Dicer1-expressing construct into the DKO mouse tumor cells significantly reduced DNA synthesis and the cell growth rate, with concurrent diminished adhesion and ZO1 epithelial staining. Hence, it is likely that the loss of Dicer promoted mesenchymal-epithelial transition in fallopian tube stromal cells, and in conjunction with Pten loss, further promoted cell proliferation and epithelial-like tumorigenesis.
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21
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Pishkari S, Paryan M, Hashemi M, Baldini E, Mohammadi-Yeganeh S. The role of microRNAs in different types of thyroid carcinoma: a comprehensive analysis to find new miRNA supplementary therapies. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:269-283. [PMID: 28762013 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0735-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The most common endocrine malignancy is thyroid cancer, and researchers have made a great deal of progress in deciphering its molecular mechanisms in the recent years. Many of molecular changes observed in thyroid cancer can be used as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targets for treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important parts in biological and metabolic pathways such as regulation of developmental stages, signal transduction, cell maintenance, and differentiation. Therefore, their dysregulation can expose individuals to malignancies. It has been proved that miRNA expression is dysregulated in different types of tumors, like thyroid cancers, and can be the cause of tumor initiation and progression. In this paper, we have reviewed the available data on miRNA dysregulation in different thyroid tumors including papillary, follicular, anaplastic, and medullary thyroid carcinomas aiming to introduce the last updates in miRNAs-thyroid cancer relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pishkari
- Department of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Paryan
- Department of Research and Development, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Hashemi
- Department of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - E Baldini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - S Mohammadi-Yeganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Penha RCC, Pellecchia S, Pacelli R, Pinto LFR, Fusco A. Ionizing Radiation Deregulates the MicroRNA Expression Profile in Differentiated Thyroid Cells. Thyroid 2018; 28:407-421. [PMID: 29397781 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ionizing radiation (IR) is a well-known risk factor for papillary thyroid cancer, and it has been reported to deregulate microRNA expression, which is important to thyroid carcinogenesis. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of IR on microRNA expression profile of the normal thyroid cell line (FRTL-5 CL2), as well as its effect on radiosensitivity of thyroid cancer cell lines, especially the human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell line (8505c). METHODS The global microRNA expression profile of irradiated FRTL-5 CL2 cells (5 Gy X-ray) was characterized, and data were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction evaluating the expression of rno-miR-10b-5p, rno-miR-33-5p, rno-miR-128-1-5p, rno-miR-199a-3p, rno-miR-296-5p, rno-miR-328a-3p, and rno-miR-541-5p in irradiated cells. The miR-199a-3p and miR-10b-5p targets were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and luciferase target assays. The effects of miR-199a-3p and miR-10b-5p on DNA repair were determined by evaluating the activation of the protein kinases ataxia-telangiectasia mutated, ataxia telangiectasia, and Rad3-related and the serine 39 phosphorylation of variant histone H2AX as an indirect measure of double-strand DNA breaks in irradiated FRTL-5 CL2 cells. The impact of miR-10b-5p on radiosensitivity was analyzed by cell counting and MTT assays in FRTL-5 CL2, Kras-transformed FRTL-5 CL2 (FRTL KiKi), and 8505c cell lines. RESULTS The results reveal that miR-10b-5p and miR-199a-3p display the most pronounced alterations in expression in irradiated FRTL-5 CL2 cells. Dicer1 and Lin28b were validated as targets of miR-10b-5p and miR-199a-3p, respectively. Functional studies demonstrate that miR-10b-5p increases the growth rate of FRTL-5 CL2 cells, while miR-199a-3p inhibits their proliferation. Moreover, both of these microRNAs negatively affect homologous recombination repair, reducing activated ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related protein levels, consequently leading to an accumulation of the serine 39 phosphorylation of variant histone H2AX. Interestingly, the overexpression of miR-10b-5p decreases the viability of the irradiated FRTL5-CL2 and 8505c cell lines. Consistent with this observation, its inhibition in FRTL KiKi cells, which display high basal expression levels of miR-10b-5p, leads to the opposite effect. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that IR deregulates microRNA expression, affecting the double-strand DNA breaks repair efficiency of irradiated thyroid cells, and suggest that miR-10b-5p overexpression may be an innovative approach for anaplastic thyroid cancer therapy by increasing cancer cell radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Cortez Cardoso Penha
- 1 Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," Naples, Italy
- 2 Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA , CPQ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Simona Pellecchia
- 1 Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Pacelli
- 3 Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini e Radioterapia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | | | - Alfredo Fusco
- 1 Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," Naples, Italy
- 2 Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA , CPQ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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23
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Apellaniz-Ruiz M, de Kock L, Sabbaghian N, Guaraldi F, Ghizzoni L, Beccuti G, Foulkes WD. Familial multinodular goiter and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors associated with a large intragenic in-frame DICER1 deletion. Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 178:K11-K19. [PMID: 29187512 DOI: 10.1530/eje-17-0904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Familial multinodular goiter (MNG), with or without ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor (SLCT), has been linked to DICER1 syndrome. We aimed to search for the presence of a germline DICER1 mutation in a large family with a remarkable history of MNG and SLCT, and to further explore the relevance of the identified mutation. DESIGN AND METHODS Sanger sequencing, Fluidigm Access Array and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) techniques were used to screen for DICER1 mutations in germline DNA from 16 family members. Where available, tumor DNA was also studied. mRNA and protein extracted from carriers' lymphocytes were used to characterize the expression of the mutant DICER1. RESULTS Nine of 16 tested individuals carried a germline, in-frame DICER1 deletion (c.4207-41_5364+1034del), which resulted in the loss of exons 23 and 24 from the cDNA. The mutant transcript does not undergo nonsense-mediated decay and the protein is devoid of specific metal ion-binding amino acids (p.E1705 and p.D1709) in the RNase IIIb domain. In addition, characteristic somatic 'second hit' mutations in this region were found on the other allele in tumors. CONCLUSIONS Patients with DICER1 syndrome usually present a combination of a typically truncating germline DICER1 mutation and a tumor-specific hotspot missense mutation within the sequence encoding the RNase IIIb domain. The in-frame deletion found in this family suggests that the germline absence of p.E1705 and p.D1709, which are crucial for RNase IIIb activity, may be enough to permit DICER1 syndrome to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Apellaniz-Ruiz
- Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Leanne de Kock
- Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nelly Sabbaghian
- Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Federica Guaraldi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Pituitary Unit, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Ghizzoni
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Beccuti
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - William D Foulkes
- Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Oncology and Human Genetics, Program in Cancer Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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24
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Saiselet M, Pita JM, Augenlicht A, Dom G, Tarabichi M, Fimereli D, Dumont JE, Detours V, Maenhaut C. miRNA expression and function in thyroid carcinomas: a comparative and critical analysis and a model for other cancers. Oncotarget 2018; 7:52475-52492. [PMID: 27248468 PMCID: PMC5239568 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As in many cancer types, miRNA expression profiles and functions have become an important field of research on non-medullary thyroid carcinomas, the most common endocrine cancers. This could lead to the establishment of new diagnostic tests and new cancer therapies. However, different studies showed important variations in their research strategies and results. In addition, the action of miRNAs is poorly considered as a whole because of the use of underlying dogmatic truncated concepts. These lead to discrepancies and limits rarely considered. Recently, this field has been enlarged by new miRNA functional and expression studies. Moreover, studies using next generation sequencing give a new view of general miRNA differential expression profiles of papillary thyroid carcinoma. We analyzed in detail this literature from both physiological and differential expression points of view. Based on explicit examples, we reviewed the progresses but also the discrepancies and limits trying to provide a critical approach of where this literature may lead. We also provide recommendations for future studies. The conclusions of this systematic analysis could be extended to other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Saiselet
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jaime M Pita
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alice Augenlicht
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geneviève Dom
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maxime Tarabichi
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Danai Fimereli
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques E Dumont
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Detours
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carine Maenhaut
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.,WELBIO, School of Medicine, University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
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25
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Fiumara CV, Scumaci D, Iervolino A, Perri AM, Concolino A, Tammè L, Petrillo F, Capasso G, Cuda G. Unraveling the Mechanistic Complexity of the Glomerulocystic Phenotype in Dicer Conditional KO Mice by 2D Gel Electrophoresis Coupled Mass Spectrometry. Proteomics Clin Appl 2017; 12:e1700006. [PMID: 29159954 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201700006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dicer, an RNase III type endonuclease, is a key enzyme involved in miRNA biogenesis. It has been shown that this enzyme is essential for several aspects of postnatal kidney functions and homeostasis. In this study, we have examined conditional knockout (cKO) mice for Dicer in Pax8 (Paired-box gene 8) expressing cells to investigate the kidney protein profile. This specific model develops a glomerulocystic phenotype coupled with urinary concentration impairment, proteinuria, and severe renal failure. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Proteomic analysis was performed on kidney tissue extracts from cKO and control (Ctr) mice by 2D Gel Electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry. RESULTS The analysis highlighted 120 protein spots differentially expressed in Dicer cKO tissue compared with control; some of these proteins were validated by Western blotting. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis led to the identification of some interesting networks; among them, the one having ERK as a central hub may explain, through the modulation of the expression of a number of identified protein targets, the metabolic and structural alterations occurring during kidney cyst development in Dicer cKO mouse model. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our results contribute to gain new insights into molecular mechanisms through which Dicer endonuclease controls kidney development and physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vincenza Fiumara
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Proteomics, Research Center on Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenica Scumaci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Proteomics, Research Center on Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Iervolino
- Biogem, Biotechnology and Molecular Genetics Research Centre G. Salvatore, Ariano Irpino, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Science, Second University of Naples, Naples, Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Mena Perri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Proteomics, Research Center on Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Concolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Proteomics, Research Center on Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Laura Tammè
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Proteomics, Research Center on Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Petrillo
- Biogem, Biotechnology and Molecular Genetics Research Centre G. Salvatore, Ariano Irpino, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Science, Second University of Naples, Naples, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Capasso
- Biogem, Biotechnology and Molecular Genetics Research Centre G. Salvatore, Ariano Irpino, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Science, Second University of Naples, Naples, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Proteomics, Research Center on Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
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26
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Fuziwara CS, Kimura ET. MicroRNAs in thyroid development, function and tumorigenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 456:44-50. [PMID: 28011236 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that modulate the vast majority of cellular processes. During development, the correct timing and expression of miRNAs in the tissue differentiation is essential for organogenesis and functionality. In thyroid gland, DICER and miRNAs are necessary for accurately establishing thyroid follicles and hormone synthesis. Moreover, DICER1 mutations and miRNA deregulation observed in human goiter influence thyroid tumorigenesis. The thyroid malignant transformation by MAPK oncogenes is accompanied by global miRNA changes, with a marked reduction of "tumor-suppressor" miRNAs and activation of oncogenic miRNAs. Loss of thyroid cell differentiation/function, and consequently iodine trapping impairment, is an important clinical characteristic of radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer. However, few studies have addressed the direct role of miRNAs in thyroid gland physiology. Here, we focus on what we have learned in the thyroid follicular cell differentiation and function as revealed by cell and animal models and miRNA modulation in thyroid tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Seigi Fuziwara
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Edna Teruko Kimura
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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27
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Penha RCC, Sepe R, De Martino M, Esposito F, Pellecchia S, Raia M, Del Vecchio L, Decaussin-Petrucci M, De Vita G, Pinto LFR, Fusco A. Role of Dicer1 in thyroid cell proliferation and differentiation. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:2282-2289. [PMID: 28933615 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1380127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
DICER1 plays a central role in the biogenesis of microRNAs and it is important for normal development. Altered microRNA expression and DICER1 dysregulation have been described in several types of tumors, including thyroid carcinomas. Recently, our group identified a new somatic mutation (c.5438A>G; E1813G) within DICER1 gene of an unknown function. Herein, we show that DICER1 is overexpressed, at mRNA level, in a significant-relative number of papillary (70%) and anaplastic (42%) thyroid carcinoma samples, whereas is drastically downregulated in all the analyzed human thyroid carcinoma cell lines (TPC-1, BCPAP, FRO and 8505c) in comparison with normal thyroid tissue samples. Conversely, DICER1 is downregulated, at protein level, in PTC in comparison with normal thyroid tissues. Our data also reveals that DICER1 overexpression positively regulates thyroid cell proliferation, whereas its silencing impairs thyroid cell differentiation. The expression of DICER1 gene mutation (c.5438A>G; E1813G) negatively affects the microRNA machinery and cell proliferation as well as upregulates DICER1 protein levels of thyroid cells but has no impact on thyroid differentiation. In conclusion, DICER1 protein is downregulated in papillary thyroid carcinomas and affects thyroid proliferation and differentiation, while DICER1 gene mutation (c.5438A>G; E1813G) compromises the DICER1 wild-type-mediated microRNA processing and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Cortez Cardoso Penha
- a Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , Naples , Italy.,b Instituto Nacional de Câncer - INCA, Centro de Pesquisas (CPQ) , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil
| | - Romina Sepe
- a Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , Naples , Italy
| | - Marco De Martino
- a Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , Naples , Italy
| | - Francesco Esposito
- a Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , Naples , Italy
| | - Simona Pellecchia
- a Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , Naples , Italy
| | - Maddalena Raia
- c CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Università di Napoli Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Luigi Del Vecchio
- c CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Università di Napoli Federico II , Naples , Italy.,d Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | | | - Gabriella De Vita
- d Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | | | - Alfredo Fusco
- a Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , Naples , Italy.,b Instituto Nacional de Câncer - INCA, Centro de Pesquisas (CPQ) , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil
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28
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Dicer expression is impaired in diabetic cutaneous wound healing. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-017-0572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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29
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Bruscella P, Bottini S, Baudesson C, Pawlotsky JM, Feray C, Trabucchi M. Viruses and miRNAs: More Friends than Foes. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:824. [PMID: 28555130 PMCID: PMC5430039 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that eukaryotic miRNAs (hereafter called host miRNAs) play a role in the replication and propagation of viruses. Expression or targeting of host miRNAs can be involved in cellular antiviral responses. Most times host miRNAs play a role in viral life-cycles and promote infection through complex regulatory pathways. miRNAs can also be encoded by a viral genome and be expressed in the host cell. Viral miRNAs can share common sequences with host miRNAs or have totally different sequences. They can regulate a variety of biological processes involved in viral infection, including apoptosis, evasion of the immune response, or modulation of viral life-cycle phases. Overall, virus/miRNA pathway interaction is defined by a plethora of complex mechanisms, though not yet fully understood. This article review summarizes recent advances and novel biological concepts related to the understanding of miRNA expression, control and function during viral infections. The article also discusses potential therapeutic applications of this particular host–pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Bruscella
- INSERM U955, Team "Pathophysiology and Therapy of Chronic Viral Hepatitis", Université Paris-EstCréteil, France
| | | | - Camille Baudesson
- INSERM U955, Team "Pathophysiology and Therapy of Chronic Viral Hepatitis", Université Paris-EstCréteil, France
| | - Jean-Michel Pawlotsky
- INSERM U955, Team "Pathophysiology and Therapy of Chronic Viral Hepatitis", Université Paris-EstCréteil, France
| | - Cyrille Feray
- INSERM U955, Team "Pathophysiology and Therapy of Chronic Viral Hepatitis", Université Paris-EstCréteil, France
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30
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Wang B, Shao X, Song R, Xu D, Zhang JA. The Emerging Role of Epigenetics in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:396. [PMID: 28439272 PMCID: PMC5383710 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are a group of both B cell- and T cell-mediated organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Graves’ disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis are the two main clinical presentations of AITD. Both genetic and environmental factors have important roles in the development of AITD. Epigenetics have been considered to exert key roles in integrating those genetic and environmental factors, and epigenetic modifications caused by environmental factors may drive genetically susceptibility individuals to develop AITD. Recent studies on the epigenetics of AITD have provided some novel insights into the pathogenesis of AITD. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of recent advances in the epigenetic mechanisms of AITD, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. This review highlights the key roles of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of AITD and potential clinical utility. However, the epigenetic roles in AITD are still not fully elucidated, and more researches are needed to provide further deeper insights into the roles of epigenetics in AITD and to uncover new therapeutic targets. Although there are many studies assessing the epigenetic modifications in AITD patients, the clinical utility of epigenetics in AITD remains poorly defined. More studies are needed to identify the underlying epigenetic modifications that can contribute to accurate diagnosis of AITD, adequate choice of treatment approach, and precise prediction of treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronghua Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghua Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jin-An Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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31
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Liu J, Li Q, Li R, Ren P, Dong S. MicroRNA-363-3p inhibits papillary thyroid carcinoma progression by targeting PIK3CA. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:148-158. [PMID: 28123856 PMCID: PMC5250689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-363-3p (miR-363-3p) reportedly plays crucial roles in tumor development and progression in many types of cancers. However, its role in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remain largely unclear. We therefore investigated the function and underlying mechanism of miR-363-3p in PTC. Here, we found that miR-363-3p was significantly downregulated in human PTC tissue samples and cell lines, and that miR-363-3p levels are negatively correlated with advanced clinical stage and lymph node metastasis. In addition to suppressing tumor growth in vivo, restoration of miR-363-3p in TPC-1 cells significantly inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion and induced apoptosis in vitro. Mechanistically, miR-363-3p was verified to directly bind to 3'UTR of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) mRNA, and reduce its expression at both mRNA and protein levels, which further inhibits phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. PIK3CA expression was also found to be increased in human PTC tissues, and were inversely correlated with miR-363-3p. Furthermore, restoration of PIK3CA partially rescued the miR-363-3p-induced inhibition effect on TPC-1 cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Taken together, these findings indicated for the first time that miR-363-3p functions as a tumor suppressor in PTC, and its suppressive effect is mediated by repressing PIK3CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University71# Xinmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University71# Xinmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University71# Xinmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Peiyou Ren
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University71# Xinmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Su Dong
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Hospital of Jilin University71# Xinmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, Jilin, P. R. China
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Bartram MP, Amendola E, Benzing T, Schermer B, de Vita G, Müller RU. Mice lacking microRNAs in Pax8-expressing cells develop hypothyroidism and end-stage renal failure. BMC Mol Biol 2016; 17:11. [PMID: 27090781 PMCID: PMC4835897 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-016-0064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-coding RNAs have gained increasing attention during the last decade. The first large group of non-coding RNAs to be characterized systematically starting at the beginning of the 21st century were small oligonucleotides--the so-called microRNAs (miRNAs). By now we have learnt that microRNAs are indispensable for most biological processes including organogenesis and maintenance of organ structure and function. The role of microRNAs has been studied extensively in the development of a number of organs, so far most studies focussed on e.g. the heart or the brain whilst the role of microRNAs in the development and maintenance of complex epithelial organs is less well understood. Furthermore most analyses regarding microRNA function in epithelial organs employed conditional knockout mouse models of the RNAse III Dicer to abrogate microRNA biogenesis. However, there is increasing evidence for Dicer to have multiple functions independent from microRNA maturation. Therefore Dicer independent models are needed to gain further insight into the complex biology of miRNA dependent processes. RESULTS Here we analyze the contribution of microRNA-dependent transcriptional control in Pax8-expressing epithelial cells. Pax8 is a transcription factor that is crucial to the development of epithelial organs. The miRNA machinery was disrupted by crossing conditional DiGeorge syndrome critical region 8 (Dgcr8) fl/fl mice to Pax8Cre mice. The Dgcr8/Drosha complex processes pri-miRNAs in the nucleus before they are exported as pre-miRNAs for further maturation by Dicer in the cytoplasm. Dgcr8 fl/fl; Pax8Cre+ knockout mice died prematurely, developed massive hypothyroidism and end stage renal disease due to a loss of miRNAs in Pax8 expressing tissue. CONCLUSION Pax8Cre-mediated conditional loss of DiGeorge syndrome critical region 8 (Dgcr8), an essential component of the nuclear machinery that is required for microRNA biogenesis, resulted in severe hypothyroidism, massively reduced body weight and ultimately led to renal failure and death of the animals. These data provide further insight into the importance of miRNAs in organ homeostasis using a Dicer independent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte P Bartram
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elena Amendola
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gabriella de Vita
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Roman-Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Durieux E, Descotes F, Mauduit C, Decaussin M, Guyetant S, Devouassoux-Shisheboran M. The co-occurrence of an ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor with a thyroid carcinoma is highly suggestive of a DICER1 syndrome. Virchows Arch 2016; 468:631-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-1922-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lenkala D, Gamazon ER, LaCroix B, Im HK, Huang RS. MicroRNA biogenesis and cellular proliferation. Transl Res 2015; 166:145-51. [PMID: 25724890 PMCID: PMC4509805 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Given the fundamental roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in physiological, developmental, and pathologic processes, we hypothesized that genes involved in miRNA biogenesis contribute to human complex traits. For 13 such genes, we evaluated the relationship between transcription and 2 classes of complex traits, namely cellular growth and sensitivity to various chemotherapeutic agents in a set of lymphoblastoid cell lines. We found a highly significant correlation between argonaute RNA-induced silencing complex catalytic component 2 (AGO2) expression and cellular growth rate (Bonferroni-adjusted P < 0.05), and report additional miRNA biogenesis genes with suggestive associations with either cellular growth rate or chemotherapeutic sensitivity. AGO2 expression was found to be correlated with multiple drug sensitivity phenotypes. Furthermore, small interfering RNA knockdown of AGO2 resulted in cellular growth inhibition in an ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-3), supporting the role of this miRNA biogenesis gene in cell proliferation in cancer cells. Expression quantitative trait loci mapping indicated that genetic variation (in the form of both single-nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variations) that may regulate the expression of AGO2 can have downstream effects on cellular growth-dependent complex phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Lenkala
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Eric R Gamazon
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill; Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Bonnie LaCroix
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Hae Kyung Im
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - R Stephanie Huang
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.
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Selective dicer suppression in the kidney alters GSK3β/β-catenin pathways promoting a glomerulocystic disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119142. [PMID: 25799508 PMCID: PMC4370407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dicer is a crucial enzyme for the maturation of miRNAs. Mutations in the Dicer gene are highly associated with Pleuro Pulmonary Blastoma-Family Dysplasia Syndrome (PPB-FDS, OMIM 601200), recently proposed to be renamed Dicer syndrome. Aside from the pulmonary phenotype (blastoma), renal nephroma and thyroid goiter are frequently part of Dicer syndrome. To investigate the renal phenotype, conditional knockout (cKO) mice for Dicer in Pax8 expressing cells were generated. Dicer cKO mice progressively develop a glomerulocystic phenotype coupled with urinary concentration impairment, proteinuria and severe renal failure. Higher cellular turnover of the parietal cells of Bowman's capsule precedes the development of the cysts and the primary cilium progressively disappears with cyst-enlargement. Upregulation of GSK3β precedes the development of the glomerulocystic phenotype. Downregulation of β-catenin in the renal cortex and its cytosolic removal in the cells lining the cysts may be associated with observed accumulation of GSK3β. Alterations of β-catenin regulating pathways could promote cystic degeneration as in other models. Thus, miRNAs are fundamental in preserving renal morphology and function. Alteration of the GSK3β/β-catenin pathway could be a crucial mechanism linking miRNA dysregulation and the development of a glomerulocystic disease.
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Fernández LP, López-Márquez A, Santisteban P. Thyroid transcription factors in development, differentiation and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2015; 11:29-42. [PMID: 25350068 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2014.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the thyroid transcription factors (TTFs), NKX2-1, FOXE1, PAX8 and HHEX, has considerably advanced our understanding of thyroid development, congenital thyroid disorders and thyroid cancer. The TTFs are fundamental to proper formation of the thyroid gland and for maintaining the functional differentiated state of the adult thyroid; however, they are not individually required for precursor cell commitment to a thyroid fate. Although knowledge of the mechanisms involved in thyroid development has increased, the full complement of genes involved in thyroid gland specification and the signals that trigger expression of the genes that encode the TTFs remain unknown. The mechanisms involved in thyroid organogenesis and differentiation have provided clues to identifying the genes that are involved in human congenital thyroid disorders and thyroid cancer. Mutations in the genes that encode the TTFs, as well as polymorphisms and epigenetic modifications, have been associated with thyroid pathologies. Here, we summarize the roles of the TTFs in thyroid development and the mechanisms by which they regulate expression of the genes involved in thyroid differentiation. We also address the implications of mutations in TTFs in thyroid diseases and in diseases not related to the thyroid gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara P Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Arístides López-Márquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Pilar Santisteban
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
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38
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulators involved in nearly all known biological processes in distant eukaryotic clades. Their discovery and functional characterization have broadened our understanding of biological regulatory mechanisms in animals and plants. They show both evolutionary conserved and unique features across Metazoa. Here, we present the current status of the knowledge about the role of miRNA in development, growth, and physiology of teleost fishes, in comparison to other vertebrates. Infraclass Teleostei is the most abundant group among vertebrate lineage. Fish are an important component of aquatic ecosystems and human life, being the prolific source of animal proteins worldwide and a vertebrate model for biomedical research. We review miRNA biogenesis, regulation, modifications, and mechanisms of action. Specific sections are devoted to the role of miRNA in teleost development, organogenesis, tissue differentiation, growth, regeneration, reproduction, endocrine system, and responses to environmental stimuli. Each section discusses gaps in the current knowledge and pinpoints the future directions of research on miRNA in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Babiak
- Faculty of Aquaculture and Biosciences, University of Nordland, Bodø, Norway
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Du NH, Arpat AB, De Matos M, Gatfield D. MicroRNAs shape circadian hepatic gene expression on a transcriptome-wide scale. eLife 2014; 3:e02510. [PMID: 24867642 PMCID: PMC4032493 DOI: 10.7554/elife.02510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A considerable proportion of mammalian gene expression undergoes circadian oscillations. Post-transcriptional mechanisms likely make important contributions to mRNA abundance rhythms. We have investigated how microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to core clock and clock-controlled gene expression using mice in which miRNA biogenesis can be inactivated in the liver. While the hepatic core clock was surprisingly resilient to miRNA loss, whole transcriptome sequencing uncovered widespread effects on clock output gene expression. Cyclic transcription paired with miRNA-mediated regulation was thus identified as a frequent phenomenon that affected up to 30% of the rhythmic transcriptome and served to post-transcriptionally adjust the phases and amplitudes of rhythmic mRNA accumulation. However, only few mRNA rhythms were actually generated by miRNAs. Overall, our study suggests that miRNAs function to adapt clock-driven gene expression to tissue-specific requirements. Finally, we pinpoint several miRNAs predicted to act as modulators of rhythmic transcripts, and identify rhythmic pathways particularly prone to miRNA regulation. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02510.001 The rising and setting of the sun have long driven the schedules of humans and other mammals. This 24-hr cycle influences many behavioural and physiological changes, including alertness, body temperature, and sleep. A region in the brain acts as a master clock that regulates these daily cycles, which are called circadian rhythms. Signals from the brain's master clock turn on and off ‘core clock genes’ in cells, which trigger cycles that cause some proteins to be produced in a circadian rhythm. The rhythm is specialized to a particular tissue or organ, and may help them to carry out their designated daily tasks. However, circadian rhythms might also be produced in other ways that do not involve these genes. Messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules have a central role in the production of proteins, and in the mouse liver, up to 15% of mRNA molecules are produced in circadian cycles. The liver performs essential tasks that control metabolism–including that of carbohydrates, fats, and cholesterol. Precisely timing when certain mRNAs and proteins reach peaks and troughs in their activities to coincide with mealtimes is important for nutrients to be properly processed. Other RNA molecules called microRNAs influence how mRNA molecules are translated into proteins. Now Du, Arpat et al. have looked at the influence of microRNAs on circadian rhythms in the mouse liver in greater detail. These experiments, which involved ‘knocking out’ a gene that is essential for the production of microRNAs, show that rather than setting the mRNA rhythms, the microRNAs appear to adjust them to meet the specific needs of the liver. Targeting specific microRNA molecules may reveal new strategies to tweak these rhythms, which could help to improve conditions when metabolic functions go wrong. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02510.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc-Hien Du
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alaaddin Bulak Arpat
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland Vital-IT, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mara De Matos
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Gatfield
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Yuan ZM, Yang ZL, Zheng Q. Deregulation of microRNA expression in thyroid tumors. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2014; 15:212-24. [PMID: 24599686 PMCID: PMC3955909 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1300192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression by binding to the 3' non-coding regions of target mRNAs, resulting in their cleavage or blocking their translation. miRNAs may have an impact on cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival, and their deregulation can be inclined to diseases and cancers, including thyroid tumors. The purpose of this review is to summarize the existing findings of deregulated miRNAs in different types of thyroid tumors and to exhibit their potential target genes, especially to demonstrate those involved in tumor invasion and metastasis. In addition, new findings of circulating miRNA expression profiles, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in thyroid tumors, and the correlation of somatic mutations with deregulated miRNA expression in thyroid tumors were all included in this review.
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Pallante P, Battista S, Pierantoni GM, Fusco A. Deregulation of microRNA expression in thyroid neoplasias. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2014; 10:88-101. [PMID: 24247220 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2013.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a class of powerful gene expression regulators. Acting at the post-transcriptional level, miRNAs modulate the expression of at least one-third of the mRNAs that are encoded by the human genome. The expression of a single gene can be regulated by several miRNAs, and every miRNA has more than one target gene. Thus, the miRNA regulatory circuit, which affects essential cellular functions, is of enormous complexity. Moreover, a fundamental role for miRNAs has been determined in the onset and progression of human cancers. Here, we summarize the main alterations in miRNA expression that have been identified in thyroid neoplasias and examine the mechanisms through which miRNA deregulation might promote thyroid cell transformation. We also discuss how the emerging knowledge on miRNA deregulation could be harnessed for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid neoplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierlorenzo Pallante
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Battista
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Maria Pierantoni
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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The miRNA-mediated cross-talk between transcripts provides a novel layer of posttranscriptional regulation. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2014; 85:149-99. [PMID: 24880735 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800271-1.00003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endogenously expressed transcripts that are posttranscriptionally regulated by the same microRNAs (miRNAs) will, in principle, compete for the binding of their shared small noncoding RNA regulators and modulate each other's abundance. Recently, the levels of some coding as well as noncoding transcripts have indeed been found to be regulated in this way. Transcripts that engage in such regulatory interactions are referred to as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). This novel layer of posttranscriptional regulation has been shown to contribute to diverse aspects of organismal and cellular biology, despite the number of functionally characterized ceRNAs being as yet relatively low. Importantly, increasing evidence suggests that the dysregulation of some ceRNA interactions is associated with disease etiology, most preeminently with cancer. Here we review how posttranscriptional regulation by miRNAs contributes to the cross-talk between transcripts and review examples of known ceRNAs by highlighting the features underlying their interactions and what might be their biological relevance.
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43
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Dicer expression exhibits a tissue-specific diurnal pattern that is lost during aging and in diabetes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80029. [PMID: 24244599 PMCID: PMC3820540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of circadian rhythmicity is identified as a key factor in disease pathogenesis. Circadian rhythmicity is controlled at both a transcriptional and post-transcriptional level suggesting the role of microRNA (miRNA) and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in this process. Endonuclease Dicer controls miRNA and dsRNA processing, however the role of Dicer in circadian regulation is not known. Here we demonstrate robust diurnal oscillations of Dicer expression in central and peripheral clock control systems including suprachiasmatic nucleolus (SCN), retina, liver, and bone marrow (BM). The Dicer oscillations were either reduced or phase shifted with aging and Type 2 diabetes. The decrease and phase shift of Dicer expression was associated with a similar decrease and phase shift of miRNAs 146a and 125a-5p and with an increase in toxic Alu RNA. Restoring Dicer levels and the diurnal patterns of Dicer-controlled miRNA and RNA expression may provide new therapeutic strategies for metabolic disease and aging-associated complications.
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44
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Hick AC, Delmarcelle AS, Bouquet M, Klotz S, Copetti T, Forez C, Van Der Smissen P, Sonveaux P, Collet JF, Feron O, Courtoy PJ, Pierreux CE. Reciprocal epithelial:endothelial paracrine interactions during thyroid development govern follicular organization and C-cells differentiation. Dev Biol 2013; 381:227-40. [PMID: 23707896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The thyroid is a highly vascularized endocrine gland, displaying a characteristic epithelial organization in closed spheres, called follicles. Here we investigate how endothelial cells are recruited into the developing thyroid and if they control glandular organization as well as thyrocytes and C-cells differentiation. We show that endothelial cells closely surround, and then invade the expanding thyroid epithelial cell mass to become closely associated with nascent polarized follicles. This close and sustained endothelial:epithelial interaction depends on epithelial production of the angiogenic factor, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A), as its thyroid-specific genetic inactivation reduced the endothelial cell pool of the thyroid by > 90%. Vegfa KO also displayed decreased C-cells differentiation and impaired organization of the epithelial cell mass into follicles. We developed an ex vivo model of thyroid explants that faithfully mimicks bilobation of the thyroid anlagen, endothelial and C-cells invasion, folliculogenesis and differentiation. Treatment of thyroid explants at e12.5 with a VEGFR2 inhibitor ablated the endothelial pool and reproduced ex vivo folliculogenesis defects observed in conditional Vegfa KO. In the absence of any blood supply, rescue by embryonic endothelial progenitor cells restored folliculogenesis, accelerated lumen expansion and stimulated calcitonin expression by C-cells. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that, in developing mouse thyroid, epithelial production of VEGF-A is necessary for endothelial cells recruitment and expansion. In turn, endothelial cells control epithelial reorganization in follicles and C-cells differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Christine Hick
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Nilsson M, Fagman H. Mechanisms of thyroid development and dysgenesis: an analysis based on developmental stages and concurrent embryonic anatomy. Curr Top Dev Biol 2013; 106:123-70. [PMID: 24290349 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416021-7.00004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid dysgenesis is the most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism that affects 1 in 3000 newborns. Although a number of pathogenetic mutations in thyroid developmental genes have been identified, the molecular mechanism of disease is unknown in most cases. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge of normal thyroid development and puts the different developmental stages in perspective, from the time of foregut endoderm patterning to the final shaping of pharyngeal anatomy, for understanding how specific malformations may arise. At the cellular level, we will also discuss fate determination of follicular and C-cell progenitors and their subsequent embryonic growth, migration, and differentiation as the different thyroid primordia evolve and merge to establish the final size and shape of the gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
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46
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Wu Q, Song R, Ortogero N, Zheng H, Evanoff R, Small CL, Griswold MD, Namekawa SH, Royo H, Turner JM, Yan W. The RNase III enzyme DROSHA is essential for microRNA production and spermatogenesis. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:25173-90. [PMID: 22665486 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.362053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DROSHA is a nuclear RNase III enzyme responsible for cleaving primary microRNAs (miRNAs) into precursor miRNAs and thus is essential for the biogenesis of canonical miRNAs. DICER is a cytoplasmic RNase III enzyme that not only cleaves precursor miRNAs to produce mature miRNAs but also dissects naturally formed/synthetic double-stranded RNAs to generate small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). To investigate the role of canonical miRNA and/or endogenous siRNA production in spermatogenesis, we generated Drosha or Dicer conditional knock-out (cKO) mouse lines by inactivating Drosha or Dicer exclusively in spermatogenic cells in postnatal testes using the Cre-loxp strategy. Both Drosha and Dicer cKO males were infertile due to disrupted spermatogenesis characterized by depletion of spermatocytes and spermatids leading to oligoteratozoospermia or azoospermia. The developmental course of spermatogenic disruptions was similar at morphological levels between Drosha and Dicer cKO males, but Drosha cKO testes appeared to be more severe in spermatogenic disruptions than Dicer cKO testes. Microarray analyses revealed transcriptomic differences between Drosha- and Dicer-null pachytene spermatocytes or round spermatids. Although levels of sex-linked mRNAs were mildly elevated, meiotic sex chromosome inactivation appeared to have occurred normally. Our data demonstrate that unlike DICER, which is required for the biogenesis of several small RNA species, DROSHA is essential mainly for the canonical miRNA production, and DROSHA-mediated miRNA production is essential for normal spermatogenesis and male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Wu
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
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