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Zuo Y, Li B, Gao M, Xiong R, He R, Li N, Geng Q. Novel insights and new therapeutic potentials for macrophages in pulmonary hypertension. Respir Res 2024; 25:147. [PMID: 38555425 PMCID: PMC10981837 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and immune processes underlie pulmonary hypertension progression. Two main different activated phenotypes of macrophages, classically activated M1 macrophages and alternatively activated M2 macrophages, are both involved in inflammatory processes related to pulmonary hypertension. Recent advances suggest that macrophages coordinate interactions among different proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators, and other cellular components such as smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension, including the origin of pulmonary macrophages and their response to triggers of pulmonary hypertension. We then discuss the interactions among macrophages, cytokines, and vascular adventitial fibroblasts in pulmonary hypertension, as well as the potential therapeutic benefits of macrophages in this disease. Identifying the critical role of macrophages in pulmonary hypertension will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of this pathophysiological abnormality, and may provide new perspectives for pulmonary hypertension management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zuo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Boyang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Minglang Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Ruyuan He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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2
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Zhang JM, Au DT, Sawada H, Franklin MK, Moorleghen JJ, Howatt DA, Wang P, Aicher BO, Hampton B, Migliorini M, Ni F, Mullick AE, Wani MM, Ucuzian AA, Lu HS, Muratoglu SC, Daugherty A, Strickland DK. LRP1 protects against excessive superior mesenteric artery remodeling by modulating angiotensin II-mediated signaling. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e164751. [PMID: 36472907 PMCID: PMC9977308 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) exert a critical role in sensing and maintaining vascular integrity. These cells abundantly express the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), a large endocytic signaling receptor that recognizes numerous ligands, including apolipoprotein E-rich lipoproteins, proteases, and protease-inhibitor complexes. We observed the spontaneous formation of aneurysms in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) of both male and female mice in which LRP1 was genetically deleted in vSMCs (smLRP1-/- mice). Quantitative proteomics revealed elevated abundance of several proteins in smLRP1-/- mice that are known to be induced by angiotensin II-mediated (AngII-mediated) signaling, suggesting that this pathway was dysregulated. Administration of losartan, an AngII type I receptor antagonist, or an angiotensinogen antisense oligonucleotide to reduce plasma angiotensinogen concentrations restored the normal SMA phenotype in smLRP1-/- mice and prevented aneurysm formation. Additionally, using a vascular injury model, we noted excessive vascular remodeling and neointima formation in smLRP1-/- mice that was restored by losartan administration. Together, these findings reveal that LRP1 regulates vascular integrity and remodeling of the SMA by attenuating excessive AngII-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie M Zhang
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases and
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dianaly T Au
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases and
| | - Hisashi Sawada
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Saha Aortic Center and
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | | | | | - Pengjun Wang
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Saha Aortic Center and
| | - Brittany O Aicher
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases and
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Fenge Ni
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases and
| | | | | | - Areck A Ucuzian
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases and
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Vascular Services, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hong S Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Saha Aortic Center and
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Saha Aortic Center and
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Dudley K Strickland
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases and
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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3
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Chou EL, Chaffin M, Simonson B, Pirruccello JP, Akkad AD, Nekoui M, Cardenas CLL, Bedi KC, Nash C, Juric D, Stone JR, Isselbacher EM, Margulies KB, Klattenhoff C, Ellinor PT, Lindsay ME. Aortic Cellular Diversity and Quantitative Genome-Wide Association Study Trait Prioritization Through Single-Nuclear RNA Sequencing of the Aneurysmal Human Aorta. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:1355-1374. [PMID: 36172868 PMCID: PMC9613617 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mural cells in ascending aortic aneurysms undergo phenotypic changes that promote extracellular matrix destruction and structural weakening. To explore this biology, we analyzed the transcriptional features of thoracic aortic tissue. METHODS Single-nuclear RNA sequencing was performed on 13 samples from human donors, 6 with thoracic aortic aneurysm, and 7 without aneurysm. Individual transcriptomes were then clustered based on transcriptional profiles. Clusters were used for between-disease differential gene expression analyses, subcluster analysis, and analyzed for intersection with genetic aortic trait data. RESULTS We sequenced 71 689 nuclei from human thoracic aortas and identified 14 clusters, aligning with 11 cell types, predominantly vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) consistent with aortic histology. With unbiased methodology, we found 7 vascular smooth muscle cell and 6 fibroblast subclusters. Differentially expressed genes analysis revealed a vascular smooth muscle cell group accounting for the majority of differential gene expression. Fibroblast populations in aneurysm exhibit distinct behavior with almost complete disappearance of quiescent fibroblasts. Differentially expressed genes were used to prioritize genes at aortic diameter and distensibility genome-wide association study loci highlighting the genes JUN, LTBP4 (latent transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 1), and IL34 (interleukin 34) in fibroblasts, ENTPD1, PDLIM5 (PDZ and LIM domain 5), ACTN4 (alpha-actinin-4), and GLRX in vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as LRP1 in macrophage populations. CONCLUSIONS Using nuclear RNA sequencing, we describe the cellular diversity of healthy and aneurysmal human ascending aorta. Sporadic aortic aneurysm is characterized by differential gene expression within known cellular classes rather than by the appearance of novel cellular forms. Single-nuclear RNA sequencing of aortic tissue can be used to prioritize genes at aortic trait loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L. Chou
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark Chaffin
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute,
Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
| | - Bridget Simonson
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute,
Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
| | - James P. Pirruccello
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute,
Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
- Demoulas Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amer-Denis Akkad
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, Bayer US LLC, Cambridge,
MA, USA 02142
| | - Mahan Nekoui
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Demoulas Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian Lacks Lino Cardenas
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth C. Bedi
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA 19104
| | - Craig Nash
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute,
Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
| | - Dejan Juric
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
| | - James R. Stone
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric M. Isselbacher
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Thoracic Aortic Center, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth B. Margulies
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA 19104
| | - Carla Klattenhoff
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, Bayer US LLC, Cambridge,
MA, USA 02142
| | - Patrick T. Ellinor
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute,
Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
- Demoulas Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark E. Lindsay
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Thoracic Aortic Center, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Liu S, Chen T, Chen B, Liu Y, Lu X, Li J. Lrpap1 deficiency leads to myopia through TGF-β-induced apoptosis in zebrafish. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:162. [PMID: 36261846 PMCID: PMC9580148 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00970-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frameshift mutations in LRPAP1 are responsible for autosomal recessive high myopia in human beings but its underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study aims to investigate the effect of LRPAP1 defect on ocular refractive development and its involved mechanism. METHODS A lrpap1 mutant zebrafish line with homozygous frameshift mutation was generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The ocular refractive phenotype was analyzed by calculating the relative refractive error (RRE) with vivo photography and histological analysis at different development stages, together with examining ocular structure change via transmission electron microscopy. Further, RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed. The potentially involved signaling pathway as well as the interacted protein were investigated in vivo. RESULTS The lrpap1 homozygous mutant zebrafish line showed myopic phenotype. Specifically, the mutant lines showed larger eye axial length-to-body length in one-month old individuals and a myopic shift with an RRE that changed after two months. Collagen fibers became thinning and disordered in the sclera. Further, RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis indicated that apoptosis signaling was activated in mutant line; this was further confirmed by acridine orange and TUNEL staining. Moreover, the expression of TGF-β protein was elevated in the mutant lines. Finally, the treatment of wild-type embryos with a TGF-β agonist aggravated the degree of eyeball apoptosis; conversely, the use of a TGF-β inhibitor mitigated apoptosis in mutant embryos. CONCLUSION The study provides functional evidence of a link between lrpap1 and myopia, suggesting that lrpap1 deficiency could lead to myopia through TGF-β-induced apoptosis signaling. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binghao Chen
- grid.459579.30000 0004 0625 057XDepartment of Orthopedics, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- grid.413107.0Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohe Lu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Li
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Liu Z, Andraska E, Akinbode D, Mars W, Alvidrez RIM. LRP1 in the Vascular Wall. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-022-00231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a multifunctional protein with endocytic and signal transduction properties due to its interaction with numerous extracellular ligands and intracellular proteins. This brief review highlights key developments in identifying novel functions of LRP1 in liver, lung, and the central nervous system in disease pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS In hepatocytes, LRP1 complexes with phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase-1 and its related protein to maintain intracellular levels of phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate and preserve lysosome and mitochondria integrity. In contrast, in smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells, LRP1 interacts with various different extracellular ligands and intracellular proteins in a tissue-dependent and microenvironment-dependent manner to either enhance or suppress inflammation, disease progression or resolution. Similarly, LRP1 expression in astrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells regulates cell differentiation and maturation in a developmental-dependent manner to modulate neurogenesis, gliogenesis, and white matter repair after injury. SUMMARY LRP1 modulates metabolic disease manifestation, inflammation, and differentiation in a cell-dependent, time-dependent, and tissue-dependent manner. Whether LRP1 expression is protective or pathogenic is dependent on its interaction with specific ligands and intracellular proteins, which in turn is dependent on the cell type and the microenvironment where these cells reside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Jaeschke
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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7
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Chen J, Su Y, Pi S, Hu B, Mao L. The Dual Role of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:682389. [PMID: 34124208 PMCID: PMC8192809 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.682389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein-1 (LRP1) is a large endocytic and signaling receptor belonging to the LDL receptor (LDLR) gene family and that is widely expressed in several tissues. LRP1 comprises a large extracellular domain (ECD; 515 kDa, α chain) and a small intracellular domain (ICD; 85 kDa, β chain). The deletion of LRP1 leads to embryonic lethality in mice, revealing a crucial but yet undefined role in embryogenesis and development. LRP1 has been postulated to participate in numerous diverse physiological and pathological processes ranging from plasma lipoprotein homeostasis, atherosclerosis, tumor evolution, and fibrinolysis to neuronal regeneration and survival. Many studies using cultured cells and in vivo animal models have revealed the important roles of LRP1 in vascular remodeling, foam cell biology, inflammation and atherosclerosis. However, its role in atherosclerosis remains controversial. LRP1 not only participates in the removal of atherogenic lipoproteins and proatherogenic ligands in the liver but also mediates the uptake of aggregated LDL to promote the formation of macrophage- and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-derived foam cells, which causes a prothrombotic transformation of the vascular wall. The dual and opposing roles of LRP1 may also represent an interesting target for atherosclerosis therapeutics. This review highlights the influence of LRP1 during atherosclerosis development, focusing on its dual role in vascular cells and immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shulan Pi
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Mao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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8
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Regulation of endothelial functionality through direct and immunomodulatory effects by Ni-Ti-O nanospindles on NiTi alloy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 123:112007. [PMID: 33812627 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Stent implantation has become one of the most widely used methods for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, endothelial dysfunction and abnormal inflammatory response following implantation may lead to delayed re-endothelialization, resulting in vascular restenosis and stent thrombus. To address the concerns, we constructed nanospindles composed of TiO2 and Ti4Ni2O through hydrothermal treatment of amorphous Ni-Ti-O nanopores anodically grown on NiTi alloy. The results show the treatment can significantly improve hydrophilicity and reduce Ni ion release, essentially independent of hydrothermal duration. The nanospindle surfaces not only promote the expression of endothelial functionality but also activate macrophages to induce a favorable immune response, downregulate pro-inflammatory M1 markers and upregulate pro-healing M2 markers. Moreover, nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, VEGF secretion, and migration of endothelial cells are enhanced after cultured in macrophage conditioned medium. The nanospindles thus are promising as vascular stent coatings to promote re-endothelization.
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9
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Mineo C. Lipoprotein receptor signalling in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1254-1274. [PMID: 31834409 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The founding member of the lipoprotein receptor family, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) plays a major role in the atherogenesis through the receptor-mediated endocytosis of LDL particles and regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. Since the discovery of the LDLR, many other structurally and functionally related receptors have been identified, which include low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP)1, LRP5, LRP6, very low-density lipoprotein receptor, and apolipoprotein E receptor 2. The scavenger receptor family members, on the other hand, constitute a family of pattern recognition proteins that are structurally diverse and recognize a wide array of ligands, including oxidized LDL. Among these are cluster of differentiation 36, scavenger receptor class B type I and lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1. In addition to the initially assigned role as a mediator of the uptake of macromolecules into the cell, a large number of studies in cultured cells and in in vivo animal models have revealed that these lipoprotein receptors participate in signal transduction to modulate cellular functions. This review highlights the signalling pathways by which these receptors influence the process of atherosclerosis development, focusing on their roles in the vascular cells, such as macrophages, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and platelets. Human genetics of the receptors is also discussed to further provide the relevance to cardiovascular disease risks in humans. Further knowledge of the vascular biology of the lipoprotein receptors and their ligands will potentially enhance our ability to harness the mechanism to develop novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Mineo
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9063, USA
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Schnieder J, Mamazhakypov A, Birnhuber A, Wilhelm J, Kwapiszewska G, Ruppert C, Markart P, Wujak L, Rubio K, Barreto G, Schaefer L, Wygrecka M. Loss of LRP1 promotes acquisition of contractile-myofibroblast phenotype and release of active TGF-β1 from ECM stores. Matrix Biol 2019; 88:69-88. [PMID: 31841706 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In healing tissue, fibroblasts differentiate to α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-expressing contractile-myofibroblasts, which pull the wound edges together ensuring proper tissue repair. Uncontrolled expansion of the myofibroblast population may, however, lead to excessive tissue scarring and finally to organ dysfunction. Here, we demonstrate that the loss of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) 1 overactivates the JNK1/2-c-Jun-Fra-2 signaling pathway leading to the induction of α-SMA and periostin expression in human lung fibroblasts (hLF). These changes are accompanied by increased contractility of the cells and the integrin- and protease-dependent release of active transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 from the extracellular matrix (ECM) stores. Liberation of active TGF-β1 from the ECM further enhances α-SMA and periostin expression thus accelerating the phenotypic switch of hLF. Global gene expression profiling of LRP1-depleted hLF revealed that the loss of LRP1 affects cytoskeleton reorganization, cell-ECM contacts, and ECM production. In line with these findings, fibrotic changes in the skin and lung of Fra-2 transgenic mice were associated with LRP1 depletion and c-Jun overexpression. Altogether, our results suggest that dysregulation of LRP1 expression in fibroblasts in healing tissue may lead to the unrestrained expansion of contractile myofibroblasts and thereby to fibrosis development. Further studies identifying molecules, which regulate LRP1 expression, may provide new therapeutic options for largely untreatable human fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Schnieder
- Departments of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Argen Mamazhakypov
- Departments of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anna Birnhuber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Clemens Ruppert
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Philipp Markart
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fulda Hospital, University Medicine Marburg, Campus Fulda, Fulda, Germany
| | - Lukasz Wujak
- Departments of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karla Rubio
- Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Brain and Lung Epigenetics, Laboratoire Croissance, Réparation et Régénération Tissulaires (CRRET), Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Departments of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.
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11
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Au DT, Arai AL, Fondrie WE, Muratoglu SC, Strickland DK. Role of the LDL Receptor-Related Protein 1 in Regulating Protease Activity and Signaling Pathways in the Vasculature. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 19:1276-1288. [PMID: 29749311 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666180511162048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms represent a significant clinical problem as they largely go undetected until a rupture occurs. Currently, an understanding of mechanisms leading to aneurysm formation is limited. Numerous studies clearly indicate that vascular smooth muscle cells play a major role in the development and response of the vasculature to hemodynamic changes and defects in these responses can lead to aneurysm formation. The LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is major smooth muscle cell receptor that has the capacity to mediate the endocytosis of numerous ligands and to initiate and regulate signaling pathways. Genetic evidence in humans and mouse models reveal a critical role for LRP1 in maintaining the integrity of the vasculature. Understanding the mechanisms by which this is accomplished represents an important area of research, and likely involves LRP1's ability to regulate levels of proteases known to degrade the extracellular matrix as well as its ability to modulate signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianaly T Au
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Biopark I, R213, 800 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, MD, United States
| | - Allison L Arai
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Biopark I, R213, 800 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, MD, United States
| | - William E Fondrie
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Biopark I, R213, 800 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, MD, United States
| | - Selen C Muratoglu
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Biopark I, R213, 800 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, MD, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, MD, United States
| | - Dudley K Strickland
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Biopark I, R213, 800 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, MD, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, MD, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, MD, United States
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12
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Bres EE, Faissner A. Low Density Receptor-Related Protein 1 Interactions With the Extracellular Matrix: More Than Meets the Eye. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:31. [PMID: 30931303 PMCID: PMC6428713 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a biological substrate composed of collagens, proteoglycans and glycoproteins that ensures proper cell migration and adhesion and keeps the cell architecture intact. The regulation of the ECM composition is a vital process strictly controlled by, among others, proteases, growth factors and adhesion receptors. As it appears, ECM remodeling is also essential for proper neuronal and glial development and the establishment of adequate synaptic signaling. Hence, disturbances in ECM functioning are often present in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease. Moreover, mutations in ECM molecules are found in some forms of epilepsy and malfunctioning of ECM-related genes and pathways can be seen in, for example, cancer or ischemic injury. Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (Lrp1) is a member of the low density lipoprotein receptor family. Lrp1 is involved not only in ligand uptake, receptor mediated endocytosis and lipoprotein transport—functions shared by low density lipoprotein receptor family members—but also regulates cell surface protease activity, controls cellular entry and binding of toxins and viruses, protects against atherosclerosis and acts on many cell signaling pathways. Given the plethora of functions, it is not surprising that Lrp1 also impacts the ECM and is involved in its remodeling. This review focuses on the role of Lrp1 and some of its major ligands on ECM function. Specifically, interactions with two Lrp1 ligands, integrins and tissue plasminogen activator are described in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa E Bres
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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13
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Schubert K, Collins LE, Green P, Nagase H, Troeberg L. LRP1 Controls TNF Release via the TIMP-3/ADAM17 Axis in Endotoxin-Activated Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1501-1509. [PMID: 30659107 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The metalloproteinase ADAM17 plays a pivotal role in initiating inflammation by releasing TNF from its precursor. Prolonged TNF release causes many chronic inflammatory diseases, indicating that tight regulation of ADAM17 activity is essential for resolution of inflammation. In this study, we report that the endogenous ADAM17 inhibitor TIMP-3 inhibits ADAM17 activity only when it is bound to the cell surface and that cell surface levels of TIMP-3 in endotoxin-activated human macrophages are dynamically controlled by the endocytic receptor LRP1. Pharmacological blockade of LRP1 inhibited endocytic clearance of TIMP-3, leading to an increase in cell surface levels of the inhibitor that blocked TNF release. Following LPS stimulation, TIMP-3 levels on the surface of macrophages increased 4-fold within 4 h and continued to accumulate at 6 h, before a return to baseline levels at 8 h. This dynamic regulation of cell surface TIMP-3 levels was independent of changes in TIMP-3 mRNA levels, but correlated with shedding of LRP1. These results shed light on the basic mechanisms that maintain a regulated inflammatory response and ensure its timely resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Schubert
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Laura E Collins
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Green
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Hideaki Nagase
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
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14
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Macrophage cells secrete factors including LRP1 that orchestrate the rejuvenation of bone repair in mice. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5191. [PMID: 30518764 PMCID: PMC6281653 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07666-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The pace of repair declines with age and, while exposure to a young circulation can rejuvenate fracture repair, the cell types and factors responsible for rejuvenation are unknown. Here we report that young macrophage cells produce factors that promote osteoblast differentiation of old bone marrow stromal cells. Heterochronic parabiosis exploiting young mice in which macrophages can be depleted and fractionated bone marrow transplantation experiments show that young macrophages rejuvenate fracture repair, and old macrophage cells slow healing in young mice. Proteomic analysis of the secretomes identify differential proteins secreted between old and young macrophages, such as low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (Lrp1). Lrp1 is produced by young cells, and depleting Lrp1 abrogates the ability to rejuvenate fracture repair, while treating old mice with recombinant Lrp1 improves fracture healing. Macrophages and proteins they secrete orchestrate the fracture repair process, and young cells produce proteins that rejuvenate fracture repair in mice. The rate of repair declines with age; however, exposure to young circulations can rejuvenate fracture repair, but how this is accomplished is unknown. Here, the authors identify proteins, including low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (Lrp1), as being secreted from young macrophages and rejuvenating fracture repair in mice.
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15
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Au DT, Migliorini M, Strickland DK, Muratoglu SC. Macrophage LRP1 Promotes Diet-Induced Hepatic Inflammation and Metabolic Dysfunction by Modulating Wnt Signaling. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:7902841. [PMID: 30524198 PMCID: PMC6247401 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7902841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic inflammation is associated with the development of insulin resistance, which can perpetuate the disease state and may increase the risk of metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Despite recent advances, mechanisms linking hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance are still unclear. The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a large endocytic and signaling receptor that is highly expressed in macrophages, adipocytes, hepatocytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells. To investigate the potential role of macrophage LRP1 in hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance, we conducted experiments using macrophage-specific LRP1-deficient mice (macLRP1-/- ) generated on a low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR-/- ) background and fed a Western diet. LDLR-/-; macLRP1-/- mice gained less body weight and had improved glucose tolerance compared to LDLR-/- mice. Livers from LDLR-/-; macLRP1-/- mice displayed lower levels of gene expression for several inflammatory cytokines, including Ccl3, Ccl4, Ccl8, Ccr1, Ccr2, Cxcl9, and Tnf, and reduced phosphorylation of GSK3α and p38 MAPK proteins. Furthermore, LRP1-deficient peritoneal macrophages displayed altered cholesterol metabolism. Finally, circulating levels of sFRP-5, a potent anti-inflammatory adipokine that functions as a decoy receptor for Wnt5a, were elevated in LDLR-/-; macLRP1-/- mice. Surface plasmon resonance experiments revealed that sFRP-5 is a novel high affinity ligand for LRP1, revealing that LRP1 regulates levels of this inhibitor of Wnt5a-mediated signaling. Collectively, our results suggest that LRP1 expression in macrophages promotes hepatic inflammation and the development of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance by modulating Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianaly T. Au
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mary Migliorini
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Dudley K. Strickland
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Selen C. Muratoglu
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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16
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Jian WX, Zhang Z, Chu SF, Peng Y, Chen NH. Potential roles of brain barrier dysfunctions in the early stage of Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Res Bull 2018; 142:360-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Actis Dato V, Chiabrando GA. The Role of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 in Lipid Metabolism, Glucose Homeostasis and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061780. [PMID: 29914093 PMCID: PMC6032055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a highly prevalent disorder which can be used to identify individuals with a higher risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. This metabolic syndrome is characterized by a combination of physiological, metabolic, and molecular alterations such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and central obesity. The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1—A member of the LDL receptor family) is an endocytic and signaling receptor that is expressed in several tissues. It is involved in the clearance of chylomicron remnants from circulation, and has been demonstrated to play a key role in the lipid metabolism at the hepatic level. Recent studies have shown that LRP1 is involved in insulin receptor (IR) trafficking and intracellular signaling activity, which have an impact on the regulation of glucose homeostasis in adipocytes, muscle cells, and brain. In addition, LRP1 has the potential to inhibit or sustain inflammation in macrophages, depending on its cellular expression, as well as the presence of particular types of ligands in the extracellular microenvironment. In this review, we summarize existing perspectives and the latest innovations concerning the role of tissue-specific LRP1 in lipoprotein and glucose metabolism, and examine its ability to mediate inflammatory processes related to MetS and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Actis Dato
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
| | - Gustavo Alberto Chiabrando
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
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18
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Dai X, Zhang D, Wang C, Wu Z, Liang C. The Pivotal Role of Thymus in Atherosclerosis Mediated by Immune and Inflammatory Response. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:1555-1563. [PMID: 30443178 PMCID: PMC6216065 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.27238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one kind of chronic inflammatory disease, in which multiple types of immune cells or factors are involved. Data from experimental and clinical studies on atherosclerosis have confirmed the key roles of immune cells and inflammation in such process. The thymus as a key organ in T lymphocyte ontogenesis has an important role in optimizing immune system function throughout the life, and dysfunction of thymus has been proved to be associated with severity of atherosclerosis. Based on previous research, we begin with the hypothesis that low density lipoprotein or cholesterol reduces the expression of the thymus transcription factor Foxn1 via low density lipoprotein receptors on the membrane surface and low density lipoprotein receptor related proteins on the cell surface, which cause the thymus function decline or degradation. The imbalance of T cell subgroups and the decrease of naive T cells due to thymus dysfunction cause the increase or decrease in the secretion of various inflammatory factors, which in turn aggravates or inhibits atherosclerosis progression and cardiovascular events. Hence, thymus may be the pivotal role in coronary heart disease mediated by atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events and it can imply a novel treatment strategy for the clinical management of patients with atherosclerosis in addition to different commercial drugs. Modulation of immune system by inducing thymus function may be a therapeutic approach for the prevention of atherosclerosis. Purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss the recent advances about the impact of thymus function on atherosclerosis by the data from animal or human studies and the potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.,Department of Cardiology, 101 Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu province 214041, China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Zonggui Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Chun Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
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19
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Yu Q, Wang B, Chen Z, Urabe G, Glover MS, Shi X, Guo LW, Kent KC, Li L. Electron-Transfer/Higher-Energy Collision Dissociation (EThcD)-Enabled Intact Glycopeptide/Glycoproteome Characterization. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:1751-1764. [PMID: 28695533 PMCID: PMC5711575 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1701-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation, one of the most heterogeneous post-translational modifications, can play a major role in cellular signal transduction and disease progression. Traditional mass spectrometry (MS)-based large-scale glycoprotein sequencing studies heavily rely on identifying enzymatically released glycans and their original peptide backbone separately, as there is no efficient fragmentation method to produce unbiased glycan and peptide product ions simultaneously in a single spectrum, and that can be conveniently applied to high throughput glycoproteome characterization, especially for N-glycopeptides, which can have much more branched glycan side chains than relatively less complex O-linked glycans. In this study, a redefined electron-transfer/higher-energy collision dissociation (EThcD) fragmentation scheme is applied to incorporate both glycan and peptide fragments in one single spectrum, enabling complete information to be gathered and great microheterogeneity details to be revealed. Fetuin was first utilized to prove the applicability with 19 glycopeptides and corresponding five glycosylation sites identified. Subsequent experiments tested its utility for human plasma N-glycoproteins. Large-scale studies explored N-glycoproteomics in rat carotid arteries over the course of restenosis progression to investigate the potential role of glycosylation. The integrated fragmentation scheme provides a powerful tool for the analysis of intact N-glycopeptides and N-glycoproteomics. We also anticipate this approach can be readily applied to large-scale O-glycoproteome characterization. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Surgery, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Zhengwei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Go Urabe
- Department of Surgery, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Matthew S Glover
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center Training Program in Translational Cardiovascular Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Xudong Shi
- Department of Surgery, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - K Craig Kent
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Center Training Program in Translational Cardiovascular Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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20
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Scott Kiss R, Sniderman A. Shunts, channels and lipoprotein endosomal traffic: a new model of cholesterol homeostasis in the hepatocyte. J Biomed Res 2017; 31:95-107. [PMID: 28808191 PMCID: PMC5445212 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.31.20160139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver directs cholesterol metabolism in the organism. All the major fluxes of cholesterol within the body involve the liver: dietary cholesterol is directed to the liver; cholesterol from peripheral cells goes to the liver; the liver is a major site of cholesterol synthesis for the organism; cholesterol is secreted from the liver within the bile, within apoB lipoproteins and translocated to nascent HDL. The conventional model of cholesterol homeostasis posits that cholesterol from any source enters a common, rapidly exchangeable pool within the cell, which is in equilibrium with a regulatory pool. Increased influx of cholesterol leads rapidly to decreased synthesis of cholesterol. This model was developed based on in vitro studies in the fibroblast and validated only for LDL particles. The challenges the liver must meet in vivo to achieve cholesterol homeostasis are far more complex. Our model posits that the cholesterol derived from three different lipoproteins endosomes has three different fates: LDL-derived cholesterol is largely recycled within VLDL with most of the cholesterol shunted through the hepatocyte without entering the exchangeable pool of cholesterol; high density lipoprotein-derived CE is transcytosed into bile; and chylomicron remnant-derived cholesterol primarily enters the regulatory pool within the hepatocyte. These endosomal channels represent distinct physiological pathways and hepatic homeostasis represents the net result of the outcomes of these distinct channels. Our model takes into account the distinct physiological challenges the hepatocyte must meet, underlie the pathophysiology of many of the apoB dyslipoproteinemias and account for the sustained effectiveness of therapeutic agents such as statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Scott Kiss
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Allan Sniderman
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
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21
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Gupta A, Bhatnagar S. Vasoregression: A Shared Vascular Pathology Underlying Macrovascular And Microvascular Pathologies? OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2016; 19:733-53. [PMID: 26669709 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2015.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vasoregression is a common phenomenon underlying physiological vessel development as well as pathological microvascular diseases leading to peripheral neuropathy, nephropathy, and vascular oculopathies. In this review, we describe the hallmarks and pathways of vasoregression. We argue here that there is a parallel between characteristic features of vasoregression in the ocular microvessels and atherosclerosis in the larger vessels. Shared molecular pathways and molecular effectors in the two conditions are outlined, thus highlighting the possible systemic causes of local vascular diseases. Our review gives us a system-wide insight into factors leading to multiple synchronous vascular diseases. Because shared molecular pathways might usefully address the diagnostic and therapeutic needs of multiple common complex diseases, the literature analysis presented here is of broad interest to readership in integrative biology, rational drug development and systems medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Gupta
- 1 Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology , Dwarka, New Delhi, India .,2 Department of Biotechnology, IMS Engineering College , Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sonika Bhatnagar
- 1 Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology , Dwarka, New Delhi, India
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22
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LDL receptor-related protein-1 regulates NFκB and microRNA-155 in macrophages to control the inflammatory response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:1369-74. [PMID: 26787872 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1515480113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
LDL receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) is an endocytic and cell-signaling receptor. In mice in which LRP1 is deleted in myeloid cells, the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was greatly exacerbated. LRP1 deletion in macrophages in vitro, under the control of tamoxifen-activated Cre-ER(T) fusion protein, robustly increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In LRP1-expressing macrophages, proinflammatory mediator expression was regulated by LRP1 ligands in a ligand-specific manner. The LRP1 agonists, α2-macroglobulin and tissue-type plasminogen activator, attenuated expression of inflammatory mediators, even in the presence of LPS. The antagonists, receptor-associated protein (RAP) and lactoferrin (LF), and LRP1-specific antibody had the entirely opposite effect, promoting inflammatory mediator expression and mimicking LRP1 deletion. NFκB was rapidly activated in response to RAP and LF and responsible for the initial increase in expression of proinflammatory mediators. RAP and LF also significantly increased expression of microRNA-155 (miR-155) after a lag phase of about 4 h. miR-155 expression reflected, at least in part, activation of secondary cell-signaling pathways downstream of TNFα. Although miR-155 was not involved in the initial induction of cytokine expression in response to LRP1 antagonists, miR-155 was essential for sustaining the proinflammatory response. We conclude that LRP1, NFκB, and miR-155 function as members of a previously unidentified system that has the potential to inhibit or sustain inflammation, depending on the continuum of LRP1 ligands present in the macrophage microenvironment.
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23
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Massaro M, Martinelli R, Gatta V, Scoditti E, Pellegrino M, Carluccio MA, Calabriso N, Buonomo T, Stuppia L, Storelli C, De Caterina R. Transcriptome-based identification of new anti-inflammatory and vasodilating properties of the n-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid in vascular endothelial cell under proinflammatory conditions [corrected]. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129652. [PMID: 26114549 PMCID: PMC4482638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Scope High intakes of n-3 fatty acids exert anti-inflammatory effects and cardiovascular protection, but the underlying molecular basis is incompletely defined. By genome-wide analysis we searched for novel effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on gene expression and pathways in human vascular endothelium under pro-inflammatory conditions. Methods and Results Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with DHA and then stimulated with interleukin(IL)-1β. Total RNA was extracted, and gene expression examined by DNA microarray. DHA alone altered the expression of 188 genes, decreasing 92 and increasing 96. IL-1β changed the expression of 2031 genes, decreasing 997 and increasing 1034. Treatment with DHA before stimulation significantly affected the expression of 116 IL-1β-deregulated genes, counter-regulating the expression of 55 genes among those decreased and of 61 among those increased. Functional and network analyses identified immunological, inflammatory and metabolic pathways as the most affected. Newly identified DHA-regulated genes are involved in stemness, cellular growth, cardiovascular system function and cancer, and included cytochrome p450 4F2(CYP4F2), transforming growth factor(TGF)-β2, Cluster of Differentiation (CD)47, caspase recruitment domain(CARD)11 and phosphodiesterase(PDE)5α. Conclusions Endothelial exposure to DHA regulates novel genes and related pathways. Such unbiased identification should increase our understanding of mechanisms by which n-3 fatty acids affect human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
| | - Rosanna Martinelli
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery of Salerno University, Salerno, Italy
| | - Valentina Gatta
- “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University and Center of Excellence on Aging, Chieti, Italy
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
| | - Mariangela Pellegrino
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (Disteba), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Nadia Calabriso
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Liborio Stuppia
- “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University and Center of Excellence on Aging, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carlo Storelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (Disteba), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University and Center of Excellence on Aging, Chieti, Italy
- Fondazione Toscana “Gabriele Monasterio”, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
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24
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Lillis AP, Muratoglu SC, Au DT, Migliorini M, Lee MJ, Fried SK, Mikhailenko I, Strickland DK. LDL Receptor-Related Protein-1 (LRP1) Regulates Cholesterol Accumulation in Macrophages. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128903. [PMID: 26061292 PMCID: PMC4463855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the circulation, cholesterol is transported by lipoprotein particles and is taken up by cells when these particles associate with cellular receptors. In macrophages, excessive lipoprotein particle uptake leads to foam cell formation, which is an early event in the development of atherosclerosis. Currently, mechanisms responsible for foam cell formation are incompletely understood. To date, several macrophage receptors have been identified that contribute to the uptake of modified forms of lipoproteins leading to foam cell formation, but the in vivo contribution of the LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) to this process is not known [corrected]. To investigate the role of LRP1 in cholesterol accumulation in macrophages, we generated mice with a selective deletion of LRP1 in macrophages on an LDL receptor (LDLR)-deficient background (macLRP1-/-). After feeding mice a high fat diet for 11 weeks, peritoneal macrophages isolated from Lrp+/+ mice contained significantly higher levels of total cholesterol than those from macLRP1-/- mice. Further analysis revealed that this was due to increased levels of cholesterol esters. Interestingly, macLRP1-/- mice displayed elevated plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels resulting from accumulation of large, triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles in the circulation. This increase did not result from an increase in hepatic VLDL biosynthesis, but rather results from a defect in catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles in macLRP1-/- mice. These studies reveal an important in vivo contribution of macrophage LRP1 to cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P. Lillis
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Selen Catania Muratoglu
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
| | - Dianaly T. Au
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
| | - Mary Migliorini
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
| | - Mi-Jeong Lee
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States of America
| | - Susan K. Fried
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States of America
| | - Irina Mikhailenko
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
| | - Dudley K. Strickland
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Members of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene family have a diverse set of biological functions that transcend lipid metabolism. Lipoprotein receptors have broad effects in both the developing and adult brain and participate in synapse development, cargo trafficking, and signal transduction. In addition, several family members play key roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis and neurodegeneration. This Review summarizes our current understanding of the role lipoprotein receptors play in CNS function and AD pathology, with a special emphasis on amyloid-independent roles in endocytosis and synaptic dysfunction.
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Lin L, Hu K. LRP-1: functions, signaling and implications in kidney and other diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:22887-901. [PMID: 25514242 PMCID: PMC4284744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151222887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-related protein-1 (LRP-1) is a member of LDL receptor family that is implicated in lipoprotein metabolism and in the homeostasis of proteases and protease inhibitors. Expression of LRP-1 is ubiquitous. Up-regulation of LRP-1 has been reported in numerous human diseases. In addition to its function as a scavenger receptor for various ligands, LRP-1 has been shown to transduce multiple intracellular signal pathways including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Akt, Rho, and the integrin signaling. LRP-1 signaling plays an important role in the regulation of diverse cellular process, such as cell proliferation, survival, motility, differentiation, and transdifferentiation, and thus participates in the pathogenesis of organ dysfunction and injury. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of LRP-1 signaling and its roles in the development and progression of kidney disease. The role and signaling of LRP-1 in the nervous and cardiovascular systems, as well as in carcinogenesis, are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Penn State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Kebin Hu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Penn State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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Davis FM, Rateri DL, Balakrishnan A, Howatt DA, Strickland DK, Muratoglu SC, Haggerty CM, Fornwalt BK, Cassis LA, Daugherty A. Smooth muscle cell deletion of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 augments angiotensin II-induced superior mesenteric arterial and ascending aortic aneurysms. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 35:155-62. [PMID: 25395615 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), a multifunctional protein involved in endocytosis and cell signaling pathways, leads to several vascular pathologies when deleted in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The purpose of this study was to determine whether LRP1 deletion in SMCs influenced angiotensin II-induced arterial pathologies. APPROACH AND RESULTS LRP1 protein abundance was equivalent in selected arterial regions, but SMC-specific LRP1 depletion had no effect on abdominal and ascending aortic diameters in young mice. To determine the effects of LRP1 deficiency on angiotensin II vascular responses, SMC-specific LRP1 (smLRP1(+/+)) and smLRP1-deficient (smLRP1(-/-)) mice were infused with saline, angiotensin II, or norepinephrine. Several smLRP(-/-) mice died of superior mesenteric arterial (SMA) rupture during angiotensin II infusion. In surviving mice, angiotensin II profoundly augmented SMA dilation in smLRP1(-/-) mice. SMA dilation was blood pressure dependent as demonstrated by a similar response during norepinephrine infusion. SMA dilation was also associated with profound macrophage accumulation, but minimal elastin fragmentation. Angiotensin II infusion led to no significant differences in abdominal aorta diameters between smLRP1(+/+) and smLRP1(-/-) mice. In contrast, ascending aortic dilation was exacerbated markedly in angiotensin II-infused smLRP1(-/-) mice, but norepinephrine had no significant effect on either aortic region. Ascending aortas of smLRP1(-/-) mice infused with angiotensin II had minimal macrophage accumulation but significantly increased elastin fragmentation and mRNA abundance of several LRP1 ligands including MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-2) and uPA (urokinase plasminogen activator). CONCLUSIONS smLRP1 deficiency had no effect on angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. Conversely, angiotensin II infusion in smLRP1(-/-) mice exacerbated SMA and ascending aorta dilation. Dilation in these 2 regions had differential association with blood pressure and divergent pathological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank M Davis
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (F.M.D., D.L.R., A.B., D.A.H., C.M.H., B.K.F., A.D.), Department of Pediatrics (B.K.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (D.K.S., S.C.M.)
| | - Debra L Rateri
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (F.M.D., D.L.R., A.B., D.A.H., C.M.H., B.K.F., A.D.), Department of Pediatrics (B.K.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (D.K.S., S.C.M.)
| | - Anju Balakrishnan
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (F.M.D., D.L.R., A.B., D.A.H., C.M.H., B.K.F., A.D.), Department of Pediatrics (B.K.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (D.K.S., S.C.M.)
| | - Deborah A Howatt
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (F.M.D., D.L.R., A.B., D.A.H., C.M.H., B.K.F., A.D.), Department of Pediatrics (B.K.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (D.K.S., S.C.M.)
| | - Dudley K Strickland
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (F.M.D., D.L.R., A.B., D.A.H., C.M.H., B.K.F., A.D.), Department of Pediatrics (B.K.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (D.K.S., S.C.M.)
| | - Selen C Muratoglu
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (F.M.D., D.L.R., A.B., D.A.H., C.M.H., B.K.F., A.D.), Department of Pediatrics (B.K.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (D.K.S., S.C.M.)
| | - Christopher M Haggerty
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (F.M.D., D.L.R., A.B., D.A.H., C.M.H., B.K.F., A.D.), Department of Pediatrics (B.K.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (D.K.S., S.C.M.)
| | - Brandon K Fornwalt
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (F.M.D., D.L.R., A.B., D.A.H., C.M.H., B.K.F., A.D.), Department of Pediatrics (B.K.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (D.K.S., S.C.M.)
| | - Lisa A Cassis
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (F.M.D., D.L.R., A.B., D.A.H., C.M.H., B.K.F., A.D.), Department of Pediatrics (B.K.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (D.K.S., S.C.M.)
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (F.M.D., D.L.R., A.B., D.A.H., C.M.H., B.K.F., A.D.), Department of Pediatrics (B.K.F.), Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (D.K.S., S.C.M.).
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Strickland DK, Au DT, Cunfer P, Muratoglu SC. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1: role in the regulation of vascular integrity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:487-98. [PMID: 24504736 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) is a large endocytic and signaling receptor that is widely expressed. In the liver, LRP1 plays an important role in regulating the plasma levels of blood coagulation factor VIII (fVIII) by mediating its uptake and subsequent degradation. fVIII is a key plasma protein that is deficient in hemophilia A and circulates in complex with von Willebrand factor. Because von Willebrand factor blocks binding of fVIII to LRP1, questions remain on the molecular mechanisms by which LRP1 removes fVIII from the circulation. LRP1 also regulates cell surface levels of tissue factor, a component of the extrinsic blood coagulation pathway. This occurs when tissue factor pathway inhibitor bridges the fVII/tissue factor complex to LRP1, resulting in rapid LRP1-mediated internalization and downregulation of coagulant activity. In the vasculature LRP1 also plays protective role from the development of aneurysms. Mice in which the lrp1 gene is selectively deleted in vascular smooth muscle cells develop a phenotype similar to the progression of aneurysm formation in human patient, revealing that these mice are ideal for investigating molecular mechanisms associated with aneurysm formation. Studies suggest that LRP1 protects against elastin fiber fragmentation by reducing excess protease activity in the vessel wall. These proteases include high-temperature requirement factor A1, matrix metalloproteinase 2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and membrane associated type 1-matrix metalloproteinase. In addition, LRP1 regulates matrix deposition, in part, by modulating levels of connective tissue growth factor. Defining pathways modulated by LRP1 that lead to aneurysm formation and defining its role in thrombosis may allow for more effective intervention in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dudley K Strickland
- From the Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Disease (D.K.S., D.T.A., P.C., S.C.M.), Departments of Surgery (D.K.S.), and Physiology (S.C.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
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Pieper-Fürst U, Lammert F. Low-density lipoprotein receptors in liver: old acquaintances and a newcomer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:1191-8. [PMID: 24046859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The lipoprotein receptors low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) and megalin/LRP2 share characteristic structural elements. In addition to their well-known roles in endocytosis of lipoproteins and systemic lipid homeostasis, it has been established that LRP1 mediates the endocytotic clearance of a multitude of extracellular ligands and regulates diverse signaling processes such as growth factor signaling, inflammatory signaling pathways, apoptosis, and phagocytosis in liver. Here, possible functions of LRP1 expression in hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells in healthy and injured liver are discussed. Recent studies indicate the expression of megalin (LRP2) by hepatic stellate cells, myofibroblasts and Kupffer cells and hypothesize that LRP2 might represent another potential regulator of hepatic inflammatory processes. These observations provide the experimental framework for the systematic and dynamic analysis of the LDLR family during chronic liver injury and fibrogenesis.
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Gonias SL, Campana WM. LDL receptor-related protein-1: a regulator of inflammation in atherosclerosis, cancer, and injury to the nervous system. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 184:18-27. [PMID: 24128688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) is an endocytic receptor for numerous proteins that are both structurally and functionally diverse. In some cell types, LRP1-mediated endocytosis is coupled to activation of cell signaling. LRP1 also regulates the composition of the plasma membrane and may, thereby, indirectly regulate the activity of other cell-signaling receptors. Given the scope of LRP1 ligands and its multifunctional nature, it is not surprising that numerous biological activities have been attributed to this receptor. LRP1 gene deletion is embryonic-lethal in mice. However, elegant studies using Cre-LoxP recombination have helped elucidate the function of LRP1 in mature normal and pathological tissues. One major theme that has emerged is the role of LRP1 as a regulator of inflammation. In this review, we will describe evidence for LRP1 as a regulator of inflammation in atherosclerosis, cancer, and injury to the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Gonias
- Department of Pathology, University of California School of Medicine, La Jolla, California.
| | - W Marie Campana
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California School of Medicine, La Jolla, California; Program in Neuroscience, University of California School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
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31
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Shin IJ, Shon SM, Schellingerhout D, Park JY, Kim JY, Lee SK, Lee DK, Lee HW, Ahn BC, Kim K, Kwon IC, Kim DE. Characterization of partial ligation-induced carotid atherosclerosis model using dual-modality molecular imaging in ApoE knock-out mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73451. [PMID: 24069197 PMCID: PMC3772018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, partial ligation of the common carotid artery (CCA) was reported to induce carotid atheromata rapidly in apolipoprotein-E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. We investigated this new atherosclerosis model by using combined matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) imaging and macrophage-tracking luciferase imaging. Methodology and Principal Findings Partial ligation of the left CCA was performed in 10-week-old ApoE-/- mice on a high fat diet (n=33); the internal and external carotid arteries and occipital artery were ligated, while the superior thyroid artery was left intact. Two thirds of the animals were treated with either LiCl or atorvastatin. At 1-week, Raw264.7 macrophages modified to express the enhanced firefly-luciferase reporter gene (107 Raw-luc cells) were injected intravenously. At 2-week, NIRF molecular imaging visualized strong MMP-2/9 activity in the ligated area of the left CCA as well as in the aortic arch. Left-to-right ratios of the NIRF signal intensities in the CCA had a decreasing gradient from the highest value in the upper-most ligated area to the lowest value in the lower-most region adjacent to the aortic arch. Luciferase imaging showed that most Raw-luc macrophages were recruited to the ligated area of the CCA rather than to the aortic arch, despite similarly strong MMP-2/9-related NIRF signal intensities in both areas. In addition, LiCl or atorvastatin could reduce MMP-2/9 activity in the aortic arch but not in the ligated area of the CCA. Conclusions/Significance This is the first molecular imaging study to characterize the partial ligation-induced carotid atherosclerosis model. Molecularly divergent types of atherosclerosis were identified: conventional lipogenic atherosclerosis in the aorta vs. flow-related mechanical atherosclerosis in the partially ligated left system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik Jae Shin
- Molecular Imaging and Neurovascular Research (MINER) Laboratory, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Soo-Min Shon
- Molecular Imaging and Neurovascular Research (MINER) Laboratory, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dawid Schellingerhout
- Departments of Radiology and Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jin-Yong Park
- Molecular Imaging and Neurovascular Research (MINER) Laboratory, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jeong-Yeon Kim
- Molecular Imaging and Neurovascular Research (MINER) Laboratory, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Su Kyoung Lee
- Molecular Imaging and Neurovascular Research (MINER) Laboratory, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dong Kun Lee
- Laboratory of Genome to Drug Medicine, Joint Center for Biosciences, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ho Won Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Molecular Imaging and Neurovascular Research (MINER) Laboratory, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
- * E-mail:
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32
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de Gonzalo-Calvo D, Revuelta-López E, Llorente-Cortés V. [Basic mechanisms. Regulation and clearance of lipoproteins that contain apolipoprotein B]. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2013; 25:194-200. [PMID: 23768652 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
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Muratoglu SC, Belgrave S, Hampton B, Migliorini M, Coksaygan T, Chen L, Mikhailenko I, Strickland DK. LRP1 protects the vasculature by regulating levels of connective tissue growth factor and HtrA1. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2137-46. [PMID: 23868935 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a large endocytic and signaling receptor that is abundant in vascular smooth muscle cells. Mice in which the lrp1 gene is deleted in smooth muscle cells (smLRP1(-/-)) on a low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient background display excessive platelet derived growth factor-signaling, smooth muscle cell proliferation, aneurysm formation, and increased susceptibility to atherosclerosis. The objectives of the current study were to examine the potential of LRP1 to modulate vascular physiology under nonatherogenic conditions. APPROACH AND RESULTS We found smLRP1(-/-) mice to have extensive in vivo aortic dilatation accompanied by disorganized and degraded elastic lamina along with medial thickening of the arterial vessels resulting from excess matrix deposition. Surprisingly, this was not attributable to excessive platelet derived growth factor-signaling. Rather, quantitative differential proteomic analysis revealed that smLRP1(-/-) vessels contain a 4-fold increase in protein levels of high-temperature requirement factor A1 (HtrA1), which is a secreted serine protease that is known to degrade matrix components and to impair elastogenesis, resulting in fragmentation of elastic fibers. Importantly, our study discovered that HtrA1 is a novel LRP1 ligand. Proteomics analysis also identified excessive accumulation of connective tissue growth factor, an LRP1 ligand and a key mediator of fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a critical role for LRP1 in maintaining the integrity of vessels by regulating protease activity as well as matrix deposition by modulating HtrA1 and connective tissue growth factor protein levels. This study highlights 2 new molecules, connective tissue growth factor and HtrA1, which contribute to detrimental changes in the vasculature and, therefore, represent new target molecules for potential therapeutic intervention to maintain vessel wall homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selen C Muratoglu
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Disease, Departments of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Su L, Zhang Y, Zhang CY, Zhang AL, Mei XL, Zhao ZJ, Han JG, Zhao LJ. Genetic screening for mutations in the chip gene in intracranial aneurysm patients of Chinese Han nationality. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:1687-9. [PMID: 23679257 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.3.1687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a case-control study to investigate whether SNPs of CHIP might affect the development of IA in Chinese Han nationality. We believe we are the first to have screened IA patients for mutations in the CHIP gene to determine the association with these variants. The study group comprised 224 Chinese Han nationality patients with at least one intracranial aneurysm and 238 unrelated healthy Han nationality controls. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood leukocytes. The entire coding regions of CHIP were genotyped by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing. Differences in genotype and allele frequencies between patients and controls were tested by the chi-square method. Genotype and allele frequencies of the SNP rs116166850 was demonstrated to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No significant difference in genotype or allele frequencies between case and control groups was detected at the SNP. Our data do not support the hypothesis of a major role for the CHIP gene in IA development in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.
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Staudt ND, Jo M, Hu J, Bristow JM, Pizzo DP, Gaultier A, VandenBerg SR, Gonias SL. Myeloid cell receptor LRP1/CD91 regulates monocyte recruitment and angiogenesis in tumors. Cancer Res 2013; 73:3902-12. [PMID: 23633492 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-4233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recruitment of monocytes into sites of inflammation is essential in the immune response. In cancer, recruited monocytes promote invasion, metastasis, and possibly angiogenesis. LDL receptor-related protein (LRP1) is an endocytic and cell-signaling receptor that regulates cell migration. In this study, we isografted PanO2 pancreatic carcinoma cells into mice in which LRP1 was deleted in myeloid lineage cells. Recruitment of monocytes into orthotopic and subcutaneous tumors was significantly increased in these mice, compared with control mice. LRP1-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) expressed higher levels of multiple chemokines, including, most prominently, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α/CCL3, which is known to amplify inflammation. Increased levels of CCL3 were detected in LRP1-deficient tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), isolated from PanO2 tumors, and in RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells in which LRP1 was silenced. LRP1-deficient BMDMs migrated more rapidly than LRP1-expressing cells in vitro. The difference in migration was reversed by CCL3-neutralizing antibody, by CCR5-neutralizing antibody, and by inhibiting NF-κB with JSH-23. Inhibiting NF-κB reversed the increase in CCL3 expression associated with LRP1 gene silencing in RAW 264.7 cells. Tumors formed in mice with LRP1-deficient myeloid cells showed increased angiogenesis. Although VEGF mRNA expression was not increased in LRP1-deficient TAMs, at the single-cell level, the increase in TAM density in tumors with LRP1-deficient myeloid cells may have allowed these TAMs to contribute an increased amount of VEGF to the tumor microenvironment. Our results show that macrophage density in tumors is correlated with cancer angiogenesis in a novel model system. Myeloid cell LRP1 may be an important regulator of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Staudt
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
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