1
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Sastriques-Dunlop S, Elizondo-Benedetto S, Arif B, Meade R, Zaghloul MS, Luehmann H, Heo GS, English SJ, Liu Y, Zayed MA. Ketosis prevents abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture through C-C chemokine receptor type 2 downregulation and enhanced extracellular matrix balance. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1438. [PMID: 38228786 PMCID: PMC10791699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51996-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are prevalent with aging, and AAA rupture is associated with increased mortality. There is currently no effective medical therapy to prevent AAA rupture. The monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1)/C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) axis critically regulates AAA inflammation, matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) production, and extracellular matrix (ECM) stability. We therefore hypothesized that a diet intervention that can modulate CCR2 axis may therapeutically impact AAA risk of rupture. Since ketone bodies (KBs) can trigger repair mechanisms in response to inflammation, we evaluated whether systemic ketosis in vivo could reduce CCR2 and AAA progression. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent surgical AAA formation using porcine pancreatic elastase and received daily β-aminopropionitrile to promote AAA rupture. Rats with AAAs received either a standard diet, ketogenic diet (KD), or exogenous KBs (EKB). Rats receiving KD and EKB reached a state of ketosis and had significant reduction in AAA expansion and incidence of rupture. Ketosis also led to significantly reduced aortic CCR2 content, improved MMP balance, and reduced ECM degradation. Consistent with these findings, we also observed that Ccr2-/- mice have significantly reduced AAA expansion and rupture. In summary, this study demonstrates that CCR2 is essential for AAA expansion, and that its modulation with ketosis can reduce AAA pathology. This provides an impetus for future clinical studies that will evaluate the impact of ketosis on human AAA disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Sastriques-Dunlop
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Santiago Elizondo-Benedetto
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Batool Arif
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rodrigo Meade
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mohamed S Zaghloul
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hannah Luehmann
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gyu S Heo
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sean J English
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mohamed A Zayed
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Veterans Affairs St. Louis Health Care System, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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2
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Dinc R. The Role of Immune Mechanisms in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Could It be a Promising Therapeutic Strategy? ACTA CARDIOLOGICA SINICA 2023; 39:675-686. [PMID: 37720407 PMCID: PMC10499961 DOI: 10.6515/acs.202309_39(5).20230531a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an enlargement of the aorta greater than 50% in diameter. Although up to 80% of cases result in mortality if the aneurysm ruptures, patients are often diagnosed too late, as most cases are asymptomatic. The current treatment for AAA is still surgery as there are currently no effective drug treatments. Knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms is essential for the development of new preventive and therapeutic approaches. However, the molecular mechanisms are complex and remain unclear. Apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells, the major cellular component of the aorta, and degeneration of the extracellular matrix, the skeleton of the aortic wall, are hallmarks of AAA pathology. Inflammation, mainly through macrophage cells, has been recognized as a central factor in the development of AAA. Macrophage cells also orchestrate other pathways and immune cells involved in this process. Macrophages do not exist as pure populations at aneurysm sites. M1 macrophages are pro-inflammatory and weaken the aortic wall during AAA development. M2 macrophages, in contrast, are involved in anti-inflammatory reactions and aorta tissue repair. The balancing effect on AAA progression makes M1/M2 macrophages therapeutic targets to control inflammation and destruction of the aortic wall. An early diagnosis is also important to allow for early interventions. This review article, based on the available data, aims to evaluate the role of an immunotherapeutic approach in controlling AAA development by briefly discussing the immunological mechanisms.
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3
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Puertas-Umbert L, Almendra-Pegueros R, Jiménez-Altayó F, Sirvent M, Galán M, Martínez-González J, Rodríguez C. Novel pharmacological approaches in abdominal aortic aneurysm. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1167-1194. [PMID: 37559446 PMCID: PMC10415166 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a severe vascular disease and a major public health issue with an unmet medical need for therapy. This disease is featured by a progressive dilation of the abdominal aorta, boosted by atherosclerosis, ageing, and smoking as major risk factors. Aneurysm growth increases the risk of aortic rupture, a life-threatening emergency with high mortality rates. Despite the increasing progress in our knowledge about the etiopathology of AAA, an effective pharmacological treatment against this disorder remains elusive and surgical repair is still the unique available therapeutic approach for high-risk patients. Meanwhile, there is no medical alternative for patients with small aneurysms but close surveillance. Clinical trials assessing the efficacy of antihypertensive agents, statins, doxycycline, or anti-platelet drugs, among others, failed to demonstrate a clear benefit limiting AAA growth, while data from ongoing clinical trials addressing the benefit of metformin on aneurysm progression are eagerly awaited. Recent preclinical studies have postulated new therapeutic targets and pharmacological strategies paving the way for the implementation of future clinical studies exploring these novel therapeutic strategies. This review summarises some of the most relevant clinical and preclinical studies in search of new therapeutic approaches for AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Puertas-Umbert
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Neuroscience Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Sirvent
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular del Hospital Universitari General de Granollers, Granollers, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Galán
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - José Martínez-González
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Zayed M, Sastriques-Dunlop S, Elizondo-Benedetto S, Arif B, Meade R, Zaghloul M, Luehmann H, Heo G, English S, Liu Y. Ketosis Prevents Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Rupture Through C-C Chemokine Receptor Type 2 Downregulation and Enhanced MMP Balance. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3054767. [PMID: 37461581 PMCID: PMC10350122 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3054767/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are prevelant with aging, and AAA rupture is associated with high mortality. There is currently no effective medical therapy for AAA rupture. Previous work demonstrated that the monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) / C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) axis critically regulates AAA inflammation, matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) production, and extracellular matrix (ECM) stability. Here we similarly observed that Ccr2-/- mice have significantly reduced AAA expansion and rupture. We therefore hypothesized that a dietary modulation of the CCR2 axis may therapeutically impact AAA risk of rupture. Since ketone bodies (KBs) can trigger repair mechanisms in response to inflammation, we specifically evaluated whether systemic ketosis in vivo can reduce CCR2 and AAA progression. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent surgical AAA formation using porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE), and received daily β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) to promote AAA rupture. Animals with AAAs received either a standard diet (SD), ketogenic diet (KD), or exogenous KBs (EKB). Animals recieving KD and EKB reached a state of ketosis, and had significant reduction in AAA expansion and incidence of rupture. Ketosis also led to significantly reduced aortic CCR2 content, improved MMP balance, and reduced ECM degradation. In summary, this study demonstrates that ketosis plays a crucial role in AAA pathobiology, and provides the impetus for future clinical studies investigating the potential benefit of ketosis for prevention of AAA expansion and rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zayed
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Batool Arif
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine
| | - Rodrigo Meade
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Gyu Heo
- ashington University in St. Louis School of Medicine
| | - Sean English
- ashington University in St. Louis School of Medicine
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5
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Wang D, Jia L, Zhao C, Wang H, Dai Z, Jing Y, Jiang B, Xin S. Mitochondrial quality control in abdominal aortic aneurysm: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22969. [PMID: 37184038 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202202158rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the energy supply sites of cells and are crucial for eukaryotic life. Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Multiple mitochondrial quality control (MQC) mechanisms, including mitochondrial DNA repair, biogenesis, antioxidant defense, dynamics, and autophagy, play vital roles in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions. Abnormalities in these mechanisms may induce mitochondrial damage and dysfunction leading to cell death and tissue remodeling. Recently, many clues suggest that dysregulation of MQC is closely related to the pathogenesis of AAA. Therefore, specific interventions targeting MQC mechanisms to maintain and restore mitochondrial function have become promising therapeutic methods for the prevention and treatment of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of aortic aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Longyuan Jia
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of aortic aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chengdong Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of aortic aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Huitao Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of aortic aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhengnan Dai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of aortic aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuchen Jing
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of aortic aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of aortic aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shijie Xin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of aortic aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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6
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Sastriques-Dunlop S, Elizondo-Benedetto S, Arif B, Meade R, Zaghloul MS, English SJ, Liu Y, Zayed MA. Ketosis Prevents Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Rupture Through CCR2 Downregulation and Enhanced MMP Balance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.21.529460. [PMID: 36865192 PMCID: PMC9980063 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.21.529460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are common in aging populations, and AAA rupture is associated with high morbidity and mortality. There is currently no effective medical preventative therapy for AAAs to avoid rupture. It is known that the monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) / C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) axis critically regulates AAA tissue inflammation, matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) production, and in turn extracellular matrix (ECM) stability. However, therapeutic modulation of the CCR2 axis for AAA disease has so far not been accomplished. Since ketone bodies (KBs) are known to trigger repair mechanisms in response to vascular tissue inflammation, we evaluated whether systemic in vivo ketosis can impact CCR2 signaling, and therefore impact AAA expansion and rupture. To evaluate this, male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent surgical AAA formation using porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE), and received daily β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) to promote AAA rupture. Animals with formed AAAs received either a standard diet (SD), ketogenic diet (KD), or exogenous KB supplements (EKB). Animals that received KD and EKB reached a state of ketosis, and had significantly reduced AAA expansion and incidence of rupture. Ketosis also led to significantly reduced CCR2, inflammatory cytokine content, and infiltrating macrophages in AAA tissue. Additionally, animals in ketosis had improved balance in aortic wall matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP), reduced extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and higher aortic media Collagen content. This study demonstrates that ketosis plays an important therapeutic role in AAA pathobiology, and provides the impetus for future studies investigating the role of ketosis as a preventative strategy for individuals with AAAs.
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7
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Development of pharmacotherapies for abdominal aortic aneurysms. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113340. [PMID: 35780618 PMCID: PMC9514980 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular field is still searching for a treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). This inflammatory disease often goes undiagnosed until a late stage and associated rupture has a high mortality rate. No pharmacological treatment options are available. Three hallmark factors of AAA pathology include inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and vascular smooth muscle dysfunction. Here we discuss drugs for AAA treatment that have been studied in clinical trials by examining the drug targets and data present for each drug's ability to regulate the aforementioned three hallmark pathways in AAA progression. Historically, drugs that were examined in interventional clinical trials for treatment of AAA were repurposed therapeutics. Novel treatments (biologics, small-molecule compounds etc.) have not been able to reach the clinic, stalling out in pre-clinical studies. Here we discuss the backgrounds of previous investigational drugs in hopes of better informing future development of potential therapeutics. Overall, the highlighted themes discussed here stress the importance of both centralized anti-inflammatory drug targets and rigor of translatability. Exceedingly few murine studies have examined an intervention-based drug treatment in halting further growth of an established AAA despite interventional treatment being the therapeutic approach taken to treat AAA in a clinical setting. Additionally, data suggest that a potentially successful drug target may be a central inflammatory biomarker. Specifically, one that can effectively modulate all three hallmark factors of AAA formation, not just inflammation. It is suggested that inhibiting PGE2 formation with an mPGES-1 inhibitor is a leading drug target for AAA treatment to this end.
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8
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Mulorz J, Shayan M, Hu C, Alcazar C, Chan AHP, Briggs M, Wen Y, Walvekar AP, Ramasubramanian AK, Spin JM, Chen B, Tsao PS, Huang NF. peri-Adventitial delivery of smooth muscle cells in porous collagen scaffolds for treatment of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:6903-6914. [PMID: 34522940 PMCID: PMC8511090 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00685a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is associated with the loss of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) within the vessel wall. Direct delivery of therapeutic cells is challenging due to impaired mechanical integrity of the vessel wall. We hypothesized that porous collagen scaffolds can be an effective vehicle for the delivery of human-derived SMCs to the site of AAA. The purpose was to evaluate if the delivery of cell-seeded scaffolds can abrogate progressive expansion in a mouse model of AAA. Collagen scaffolds seeded with either primary human aortic SMCs or induced pluripotent stem cell derived-smooth muscle progenitor cells (iPSC-SMPs) had >80% in vitro cell viability and >75% cell penetrance through the scaffold's depth, while preserving smooth muscle phenotype. The cell-seeded scaffolds were successfully transplanted onto the murine aneurysm peri-adventitia on day 7 following AAA induction using pancreatic porcine elastase infusion. Ultrasound imaging revealed that SMC-seeded scaffolds significantly reduced the aortic diameter by 28 days, compared to scaffolds seeded with iPSC-SMPs or without cells (acellular scaffold), respectively. Bioluminescence imaging demonstrated that both cell-seeded scaffold groups had cellular localization to the aneurysm but a decline in survival with time. Histological analysis revealed that both cell-seeded scaffold groups had more SMC retention and less macrophage invasion into the medial layer of AAA lesions, when compared to the acellular scaffold treatment group. Our data suggest that scaffold-based SMC delivery is feasible and may constitute a platform for cell-based AAA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joscha Mulorz
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mahdis Shayan
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Hu
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| | - Cynthia Alcazar
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| | - Alex H P Chan
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mason Briggs
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yan Wen
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ankita P Walvekar
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Anand K Ramasubramanian
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Joshua M Spin
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bertha Chen
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ngan F Huang
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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9
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Marino M, Vairo G, Wriggers P. Mechano-chemo-biological Computational Models for Arteries in Health, Disease and Healing: From Tissue Remodelling to Drug-eluting Devices. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1904-1917. [PMID: 32723253 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200728145752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to highlight urgent priorities for the computational biomechanics community in the framework of mechano-chemo-biological models. Recent approaches, promising directions and open challenges on the computational modelling of arterial tissues in health and disease are introduced and investigated, together with in silico approaches for the analysis of drug-eluting stents that promote pharmacological-induced healing. The paper addresses a number of chemo-biological phenomena that are generally neglected in biomechanical engineering models but are most likely instrumental for the onset and the progression of arterial diseases. An interdisciplinary effort is thus encouraged for providing the tools for an effective in silico insight into medical problems. An integrated mechano-chemo-biological perspective is believed to be a fundamental missing piece for crossing the bridge between computational engineering and life sciences, and for bringing computational biomechanics into medical research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Marino
- Institute of Continuum Mechanics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, An der Universität 1, 30823 Garbsen, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Vairo
- Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Wriggers
- Institute of Continuum Mechanics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, An der Universität 1, 30823 Garbsen, Germany
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10
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Weininger G, Chan SM, Zafar M, Ziganshin BA, Elefteriades JA. Risk reduction and pharmacological strategies to prevent progression of aortic aneurysms. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2021; 19:619-631. [PMID: 34102944 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2021.1940958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While size thresholds exist to determine when aortic aneurysms warrant surgical intervention, there is no consensus on how best to treat this disease before aneurysms reach the threshold for intervention. Since a landmark study in 1994 first suggested ß-blockers may be useful in preventing aortic aneurysm growth, there has been a surge in research investigating different pharmacologic therapies for aortic aneurysms - with very mixed results. AREAS COVERED We have reviewed the existing literature on medical therapies used for thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms in humans. These include ß-blockers, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors as well as miscellaneous drugs such as tetracyclines, macrolides, statins, and anti-platelet medications. EXPERT OPINION While multiple classes of drugs have been explored for risk reduction in aneurysm disease, with few exceptions results have been disappointing with an abundance of contradictory findings. The vast majority of studies have been done in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms or thoracic aortic aneurysm patients with Marfan Syndrome. There exists a striking gap in the literature when it comes to pharmacologic management of non-Marfan Syndrome patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms. Given the differences in pathogenesis, this is an important future direction for aortic aneurysm research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabe Weininger
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shin Mei Chan
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mohammad Zafar
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bulat A Ziganshin
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John A Elefteriades
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Tang Y, Fan W, Zou B, Yan W, Hou Y, Kwabena Agyare O, Jiang Z, Qu S. TGF-β signaling and microRNA cross-talk regulates abdominal aortic aneurysm progression. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 515:90-95. [PMID: 33388307 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are permanent and irreversible local dilatations of the abdominal aortic wall. Recent data indicate that the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway exerts a protective effect on the development of AAA. Some dysregulated microRNAs (miRNA) also appear involved in the expansion of AAA and miRNA-based therapeutics have been shown to effectively inhibit this process. New evidence has revealed that TGF-β signaling and miRNA interaction may of physiologic and pathophysiologic significance including the progression of AAA. As such, miRNA that regulate TGF-β signaling may hold promise as potential therapeutic targets. This review explores potential crosstalk between TGF-β signaling and miRNA in AAA in order improve our understanding of this pathology and explore development of potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Clinic Department, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Wenjing Fan
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Bu Zou
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Clinic Department, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Wei Yan
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Clinic Department, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Yangfeng Hou
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Clinic Department, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Oware Kwabena Agyare
- International College, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Zhisheng Jiang
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Shunlin Qu
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
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12
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Yoshimura K, Morikage N, Nishino-Fujimoto S, Furutani A, Shirasawa B, Hamano K. Current Status and Perspectives on Pharmacologic Therapy for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 19:1265-1275. [PMID: 29284386 PMCID: PMC6182934 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666171227223331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), a common disease involving the segmen-tal expansion and rupture of the aorta, has a high mortality rate. Therapeutic options for AAA are cur-rently limited to surgical repair to prevent catastrophic rupture. Non-surgical approaches, particularly pharmacotherapy, are lacking for the treatment of AAA. Objective: We review both basic and clinical studies and discuss the current challenges to developing medical therapy that reduces AAA progression. Results: Studies using animal models of AAA progression and human AAA explant cultures have identified several potential targets for preventing AAA growth. However, no clinical studies have con-vincingly confirmed the efficacy of any pharmacologic treatment against the growth of AAA. Thus, there is as yet no strong recommendation regarding pharmacotherapy to reduce the risk of AAA pro-gression and rupture. Conclusion: This review identifies concerns that need to be addressed for the field to progress and dis-cusses the challenges that must be overcome in order to develop effective pharmacotherapy to reduce AAA progression in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Yoshimura
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, 755-8505, Japan.,Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Yamaguchi Prefectural University, Yamaguchi, 753-8502, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Morikage
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shizuka Nishino-Fujimoto
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Akira Furutani
- Department of Surgery, Yamaguchi Rosai Hospital, Sanyo-Onoda, 756-0095, Japan
| | - Bungo Shirasawa
- Department of Medical Education, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kimikazu Hamano
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
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13
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Zhou G, Liao M, Wang F, Qi X, Yang P, Berceli SA, Sharma AK, Upchurch GR, Jiang Z. Cyclophilin A contributes to aortopathy induced by postnatal loss of smooth muscle TGFBR1. FASEB J 2019; 33:11396-11410. [PMID: 31311317 PMCID: PMC6766662 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900601rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent recognition that TGF-β signaling disruption is involved in the development of aortic aneurysms has led to renewed investigations into the role of TGF-β biology in the aortic wall. We previously found that the type I receptor of TGF-β (TGFBR2) receptor contributes to formation of ascending aortic aneurysms and dissections (AADs) induced by smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific, postnatal deletion of Tgfbr1 (Tgfbr1iko). Here, we aimed to decipher the mechanistic signaling pathway underlying the pathogenic effects of TGFBR2 in this context. Gene expression profiling demonstrated that Tgfbr1iko triggers an acute inflammatory response in developing AADs, and Tgfbr1iko SMCs express an inflammatory phenotype in culture. Comparative proteomics profiling and mass spectrometry revealed that Tgfbr1iko SMCs respond to TGF-β1 stimulation via robust up-regulation of cyclophilin A (CypA). This up-regulation is abrogated by inhibition of TGFBR2 kinase activity, small interfering RNA silencing of Tgfbr2 expression, or inhibition of SMAD3 activation. In mice, Tgfbr1iko rapidly promotes CypA production in SMCs of developing AADs, whereas treatment with a CypA inhibitor attenuates aortic dilation by 56% (P = 0.003) and ameliorates aneurysmal degeneration (P = 0.016). These protective effects are associated with reduced aneurysm-promoting inflammation. Collectively, these results suggest a novel mechanism, wherein loss of type I receptor of TGF-β triggers promiscuous, proinflammatory TGFBR2 signaling in SMCs, thereby promoting AAD formation.-Zhou, G., Liao, M., Wang, F., Qi, X., Yang, P., Berceli, S. A., Sharma, A. K., Upchurch, G. R., Jr., Jiang, Z. Cyclophilin A contributes to aortopathy induced by postnatal loss of smooth muscle TGFBR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Zhou
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mingmei Liao
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Fen Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Qi
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Pu Yang
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Scott A. Berceli
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ashish K. Sharma
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Gilbert R. Upchurch
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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15
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Marino M, Pontrelli G, Vairo G, Wriggers P. A chemo-mechano-biological formulation for the effects of biochemical alterations on arterial mechanics: the role of molecular transport and multiscale tissue remodelling. J R Soc Interface 2018; 14:rsif.2017.0615. [PMID: 29118114 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a chemo-mechano-biological framework for arterial physiopathology. The model accounts for the fine remodelling in the multiscale hierarchical arrangement of tissue constituents and for the diffusion of molecular species involved in cell-cell signalling pathways. Effects in terms of alterations in arterial compliance are obtained. A simple instructive example is introduced. Although oversimplified with respect to realistic case studies, the proposed application mimics the biochemical activity of matrix metalloproteinases, transforming growth factors beta and interleukins on tissue remodelling. Effects of macrophage infiltration, of intimal thickening and of a healing phase are investigated, highlighting the corresponding influence on arterial compliance. The obtained results show that the present approach is able to capture changes in arterial mechanics as a consequence of the alterations in tissue biochemical environment and cellular activity, as well as to incorporate the protective role of both autoimmune responses and pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Marino
- Institut für Kontinuumsmechanik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Pontrelli
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vairo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ingegneria Informatica, Università degli Studi di Roma 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Wriggers
- Institut für Kontinuumsmechanik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Merkulova-Rainon T, Mantsounga CS, Broquères-You D, Pinto C, Vilar J, Cifuentes D, Bonnin P, Kubis N, Henrion D, Silvestre JS, Lévy BI. Peripheral post-ischemic vascular repair is impaired in a murine model of Alzheimer’s disease. Angiogenesis 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9608-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Challenges and opportunities in limiting abdominal aortic aneurysm growth. J Vasc Surg 2017; 65:225-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Aparício P, Thompson MS, Watton PN. A novel chemo-mechano-biological model of arterial tissue growth and remodelling. J Biomech 2016; 49:2321-30. [PMID: 27184922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Arterial growth and remodelling (G&R) is mediated by vascular cells in response to their chemical and mechanical environment. To date, mechanical and biochemical stimuli tend to be modelled separately, however this ignores their complex interplay. Here, we present a novel mathematical model of arterial chemo-mechano-biology. We illustrate its application to the development of an inflammatory aneurysm in the descending human aorta. The arterial wall is modelled as a bilayer cylindrical non-linear elastic membrane, which is internally pressurised and axially stretched. The medial degradation that accompanies aneurysm development is driven by an inflammatory response. Collagen remodelling is simulated by adaption of the natural reference configuration of constituents; growth is simulated by changes in normalised mass-densities. We account for the distribution of attachment stretches that collagen fibres are configured to the matrix and, innovatively, allow this distribution to remodel. This enables the changing functional role of the adventitia to be simulated. Fibroblast-mediated collagen growth is represented using a biochemical pathway model: a system of coupled non-linear ODEs governs the evolution of fibroblast properties and levels of key biomolecules under the regulation of Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β, a key promoter of matrix deposition. Given physiologically realistic targets, different modes of aneurysm development can be captured, while the predicted evolution of biochemical variables is qualitatively consistent with trends observed experimentally. Interestingly, we observe that increasing the levels of collagen-promoting TGF-β results in arrest of aneurysm growth, which seems to be consistent with experimental evidence. We conclude that this novel Chemo-Mechano-Biological (CMB) mathematical model has the potential to provide new mechanobiological insight into vascular disease progression and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Aparício
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - Mark S Thompson
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - Paul N Watton
- Department of Computer science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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Concomitant coiling reduces metalloproteinase levels in flow diverter-treated aneurysms but anti-inflammatory treatment has no effect. J Neurointerv Surg 2016; 9:307-310. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2015-012207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background and purposeFlow diverters (FD) can cause rare but devastating delayed aneurysm ruptures in which matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been potentially implicated. Concomitant coiling or anti-inflammatory medications have been proposed to prevent the risk of delayed ruptures. The aim of this study was to evaluate concomitant coiling and ciclosporin in regulating the expression of MMPs in FD-treated aneurysms.Materials and methodsElastase-induced aneurysms were created in 20 rabbits. Aneurysms were treated with (1) FD alone; (2) FD with concomitant coiling; (3) FD+ ciclosporin; or (4) left untreated as controls. At sacrifice, MMP levels were analyzed by zymography. Kruskal–Wallis one-way non-parametric ANOVA was performed for each enzyme. If significant results were observed for the Kruskal–Wallis test, pairwise group comparisons were performed using Dunn's test with Bonferroni multiple-testing correction.ResultsSignificant differences were observed among groups for pro-MMP9 (p=0.0337). Pairwise comparison demonstrated higher levels of pro-MMP9 with concomitant coiling compared with untreated aneurysms (p=0.012), with higher though not significantly different levels of pro-MMP9 in FD with concomitant coiling versus FD alone. While not statistically significant, trends were noted regarding differences in active-MMP9 across groups, with a lower level of active-MMP9 with concomitant coiling compared with the other FD groups. No significant differences were observed for pro- or active-MMP2 across groups, or for FD + ciclosporin compared with FD alone.ConclusionsFD implantation increases the level of pro-MMP9 expression in aneurysms. Provocative trends regarding modulation of active-MMP9 expression with concomitant coiling suggest the need for larger confirmatory preclinical studies. Anti-inflammatory treatment with ciclosporin appears to have a minimal biological effect.Trial registration numberR01NS076491
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Chen J, Yang F, Yu X, Yu Y, Gong Y. Cyclosporine A promotes cell proliferation, collagen and α-smooth muscle actin expressions in rat gingival fibroblasts by Smad3 activation and miR-29b suppression. J Periodontal Res 2016; 51:735-747. [PMID: 26738448 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Chen
- Department of Stomatology; Zhongshan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - F. Yang
- Department of Stomatology; Zhongshan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - X. Yu
- Department of Stomatology; Zhongshan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Y. Yu
- Department of Stomatology; Zhongshan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Y. Gong
- Department of Stomatology; Zhongshan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai China
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21
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Duggirala A, Delogu F, Angelini TG, Smith T, Caputo M, Rajakaruna C, Emanueli C. Non coding RNAs in aortic aneurysmal disease. Front Genet 2015; 6:125. [PMID: 25883602 PMCID: PMC4381652 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
An aneurysm is a local dilatation of a vessel wall which is >50% its original diameter. Within the spectrum of cardiovascular diseases, aortic aneurysms are among the most challenging to treat. Most patients present acutely after aneurysm rupture or dissection from a previous asymptomatic condition and are managed by open surgical or endovascular repair. In addition, patients may harbor concurrent disease contraindicating surgical intervention. Collectively, these factors have driven the search for alternative methods of identifying, monitoring and treating aortic aneurisms using less invasive approaches. Non-coding RNA (ncRNAs) are emerging as new fundamental regulators of gene expression. The small microRNAs have opened the field of ncRNAs capturing the attention of basic and clinical scientists for their potential to become new therapeutic targets and clinical biomarkers for aortic aneurysm. More recently, long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) have started to be actively investigated, leading to first exciting reports, which further suggest their important and yet largely unexplored contribution to vascular physiology and disease. This review introduces the different ncRNA types and focus at ncRNA roles in aorta aneurysms. We discuss the potential of therapeutic interventions targeting ncRNAs and we describe the research models allowing for mechanistic studies and clinical translation attempts for controlling aneurysm progression. Furthermore, we discuss the potential role of microRNAs and lncRNAs as clinical biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Duggirala
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| | - Francesca Delogu
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| | | | - Tanya Smith
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| | - Massimo Caputo
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol Bristol, UK ; Rush Centre for Congenital and Structural Heart Disease, Rush University Medical Centre Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cha Rajakaruna
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
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Herlea-Pana O, Yao L, Heuser-Baker J, Wang Q, Wang Q, Georgescu C, Zou MH, Barlic-Dicen J. Chemokine receptors CXCR2 and CX3CR1 differentially regulate functional responses of bone-marrow endothelial progenitors during atherosclerotic plaque regression. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:324-37. [PMID: 25765938 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atherosclerosis manifests itself as arterial plaques, which lead to heart attacks or stroke. Treatments supporting plaque regression are therefore aggressively pursued. Studies conducted in models in which hypercholesterolaemia is reversible, such as the Reversa mouse model we have employed in the current studies, will be instrumental for the development of such interventions. Using this model, we have shown that advanced atherosclerosis regression occurs when lipid lowering is used in combination with bone-marrow endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) treatment. However, it remains unclear how EPCs home to regressing plaques and how they augment atherosclerosis reversal. Here we identify molecules that support functional responses of EPCs during plaque resolution. METHODS AND RESULTS Chemokines CXCL1 and CX3CL1 were detected in the vascular wall of atheroregressing Reversa mice, and their cognate receptors CXCR2 and CX3CR1 were observed on adoptively transferred EPCs in circulation. We tested whether CXCL1-CXCR2 and CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axes regulate functional responses of EPCs during plaque reversal. We show that pharmacological inhibition of CXCR2 or CX3CR1, or genetic inactivation of these two chemokine receptors interfered with EPC-mediated advanced atherosclerosis regression. We also demonstrate that CXCR2 directs EPCs to regressing plaques while CX3CR1 controls a paracrine function(s) of these cells. CONCLUSION CXCR2 and CX3CR1 differentially regulate EPC functional responses during atheroregression. Our study improves understanding of how chemokines and chemokine receptors regulate plaque resolution, which could determine the effectiveness of interventions reducing complications of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Herlea-Pana
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Longbiao Yao
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Janet Heuser-Baker
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Qiongxin Wang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Qilong Wang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Constantin Georgescu
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Programs, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jana Barlic-Dicen
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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23
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Krishna SM, Seto SW, Jose RJ, Biros E, Moran CS, Wang Y, Clancy P, Golledge J. A peptide antagonist of thrombospondin-1 promotes abdominal aortic aneurysm progression in the angiotensin II-infused apolipoprotein-E-deficient mouse. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:389-98. [PMID: 25524772 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interaction of the activating sequence in thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) with the conserved sequence (leucine-serine-lysine-leucine [LSKL]) in the latency-associated peptide region of latent transforming growth factor (TGF)-β complex is important in regulating TGF-β1 activity. We aimed to assess the effect of blocking peptide LSKL on the progression of pre-established abdominal aortic aneurysm in angiotensin II-infused apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice. APPROACH AND RESULTS Abdominal aortic aneurysm was established in 3-month-old male ApoE(-/-) mice with subcutaneous infusion of angiotensin II for 28 days. After this, mice received LSKL peptide or control SLLK (serine-leucine-leucine-lysine) peptide (4 mg/kg) via daily intraperitoneal injection for an additional 2 weeks. Administration of LSKL peptide promoted larger suprarenal aortic diameter, as determined by ultrasound and morphometric analysis, and stimulated more severe atherosclerosis within the aortic arch. In addition, mice receiving LSKL peptide exhibited elevated circulating proinflammatory cytokine levels and greater inflammatory cells within the suprarenal aorta compared with controls. Mice receiving LSKL peptide showed low plasma TGF-β1 activity and low levels of aortic tissue phosphorylated to total Smad2/3. Aortic gene expression of TGF-β receptor 1 (TGFBRI) and receptor 2 (TGFBRII), but not TGF-β1 and thrombospondin-1, were lower in mice receiving LSKL peptide than controls. LSKL peptide administration was associated with greater aortic elastin fragmentation and lower expression and activity of the TGF-β1-target gene lysyl oxidase like 1 (LOXL1). CONCLUSIONS Attenuation of thrombospondin-1-directed activation of TGF-β1 promotes abdominal aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis progression in the angiotensin II-infused ApoE(-/-) mouse model.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- Angiotensin II
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/blood
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/chemically induced
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Apolipoproteins E/deficiency
- Apolipoproteins E/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/blood
- Atherosclerosis/chemically induced
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Cytokines/blood
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Elastin/metabolism
- Inflammation Mediators/blood
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
- Peptides/administration & dosage
- Peptides/toxicity
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Smad2 Protein/metabolism
- Smad3 Protein/metabolism
- Thrombospondin 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Thrombospondin 1/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti M Krishna
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (S.M.K., S.W.S., R.J.J., E.B., C.S.M., Y.W., P.C., J.G.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Sai Wang Seto
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (S.M.K., S.W.S., R.J.J., E.B., C.S.M., Y.W., P.C., J.G.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Roby J Jose
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (S.M.K., S.W.S., R.J.J., E.B., C.S.M., Y.W., P.C., J.G.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Erik Biros
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (S.M.K., S.W.S., R.J.J., E.B., C.S.M., Y.W., P.C., J.G.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Corey S Moran
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (S.M.K., S.W.S., R.J.J., E.B., C.S.M., Y.W., P.C., J.G.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Yutang Wang
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (S.M.K., S.W.S., R.J.J., E.B., C.S.M., Y.W., P.C., J.G.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Paula Clancy
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (S.M.K., S.W.S., R.J.J., E.B., C.S.M., Y.W., P.C., J.G.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (S.M.K., S.W.S., R.J.J., E.B., C.S.M., Y.W., P.C., J.G.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (J.G.).
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Usui F, Shirasuna K, Kimura H, Tatsumi K, Kawashima A, Karasawa T, Yoshimura K, Aoki H, Tsutsui H, Noda T, Sagara J, Taniguchi S, Takahashi M. Inflammasome activation by mitochondrial oxidative stress in macrophages leads to the development of angiotensin II-induced aortic aneurysm. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 35:127-36. [PMID: 25378412 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is considered a chronic inflammatory disease; however, the molecular basis underlying the sterile inflammatory response involved in the process of AAA remains unclear. We previously showed that the inflammasome, which regulates the caspase-1-dependent interleukin-1β production, mediates the sterile cardiovascular inflammatory responses. Therefore, we hypothesized that the inflammasome is a key mediator of initial inflammation in AAA formation. APPROACH AND RESULTS Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain is highly expressed in adventitial macrophages in human and murine AAA tissues. Using an established mouse model of AAA induced by continuous infusion of angiotensin II in Apoe(-/-) mice, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain, and caspase-1 deficiency in Apoe(-/-) mice were shown to decrease the incidence, maximal diameter, and severity of AAA along with adventitial fibrosis and inflammatory responses significantly, such as inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine expression in the vessel wall. NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain, and caspase-1 deficiency in Apoe(-/-) mice also reduced elastic lamina degradation and metalloproteinase activation in the early phase of AAA formation. Furthermore, angiotensin II stimulated generation of mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species in the adventitial macrophages, and this mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species generation was inhibited by NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain, and caspase-1 deficiency. In vitro experiments revealed that angiotensin II stimulated the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and subsequent interleukin-1β release in macrophages, and this activation was mediated through an angiotensin type I receptor/mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species-dependent pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the importance of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the initial inflammatory responses in AAA formation, indicating its potential as a novel therapeutic target for preventing AAA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitake Usui
- From the Division of Inflammation Resesarch, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan (F.U., K.S., H.K., K.T., A.K., T.K., M.T.); Department of Molecular Oncology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan (J.S., S.T.); Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan (K.Y.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan (H.A.); Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Cell Biology, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Cancer Institute, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.)
| | - Koumei Shirasuna
- From the Division of Inflammation Resesarch, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan (F.U., K.S., H.K., K.T., A.K., T.K., M.T.); Department of Molecular Oncology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan (J.S., S.T.); Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan (K.Y.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan (H.A.); Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Cell Biology, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Cancer Institute, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.)
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- From the Division of Inflammation Resesarch, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan (F.U., K.S., H.K., K.T., A.K., T.K., M.T.); Department of Molecular Oncology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan (J.S., S.T.); Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan (K.Y.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan (H.A.); Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Cell Biology, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Cancer Institute, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.)
| | - Kazuki Tatsumi
- From the Division of Inflammation Resesarch, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan (F.U., K.S., H.K., K.T., A.K., T.K., M.T.); Department of Molecular Oncology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan (J.S., S.T.); Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan (K.Y.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan (H.A.); Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Cell Biology, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Cancer Institute, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.)
| | - Akira Kawashima
- From the Division of Inflammation Resesarch, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan (F.U., K.S., H.K., K.T., A.K., T.K., M.T.); Department of Molecular Oncology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan (J.S., S.T.); Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan (K.Y.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan (H.A.); Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Cell Biology, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Cancer Institute, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.)
| | - Tadayoshi Karasawa
- From the Division of Inflammation Resesarch, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan (F.U., K.S., H.K., K.T., A.K., T.K., M.T.); Department of Molecular Oncology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan (J.S., S.T.); Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan (K.Y.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan (H.A.); Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Cell Biology, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Cancer Institute, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.)
| | - Koichi Yoshimura
- From the Division of Inflammation Resesarch, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan (F.U., K.S., H.K., K.T., A.K., T.K., M.T.); Department of Molecular Oncology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan (J.S., S.T.); Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan (K.Y.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan (H.A.); Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Cell Biology, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Cancer Institute, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.)
| | - Hiroki Aoki
- From the Division of Inflammation Resesarch, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan (F.U., K.S., H.K., K.T., A.K., T.K., M.T.); Department of Molecular Oncology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan (J.S., S.T.); Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan (K.Y.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan (H.A.); Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Cell Biology, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Cancer Institute, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.)
| | - Hiroko Tsutsui
- From the Division of Inflammation Resesarch, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan (F.U., K.S., H.K., K.T., A.K., T.K., M.T.); Department of Molecular Oncology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan (J.S., S.T.); Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan (K.Y.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan (H.A.); Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Cell Biology, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Cancer Institute, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.)
| | - Tetsuo Noda
- From the Division of Inflammation Resesarch, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan (F.U., K.S., H.K., K.T., A.K., T.K., M.T.); Department of Molecular Oncology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan (J.S., S.T.); Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan (K.Y.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan (H.A.); Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Cell Biology, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Cancer Institute, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.)
| | - Junji Sagara
- From the Division of Inflammation Resesarch, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan (F.U., K.S., H.K., K.T., A.K., T.K., M.T.); Department of Molecular Oncology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan (J.S., S.T.); Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan (K.Y.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan (H.A.); Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Cell Biology, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Cancer Institute, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.)
| | - Shun'ichiro Taniguchi
- From the Division of Inflammation Resesarch, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan (F.U., K.S., H.K., K.T., A.K., T.K., M.T.); Department of Molecular Oncology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan (J.S., S.T.); Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan (K.Y.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan (H.A.); Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Cell Biology, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Cancer Institute, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.)
| | - Masafumi Takahashi
- From the Division of Inflammation Resesarch, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan (F.U., K.S., H.K., K.T., A.K., T.K., M.T.); Department of Molecular Oncology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan (J.S., S.T.); Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan (K.Y.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan (H.A.); Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Cell Biology, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Cancer Institute, Tokyo, Japan (T.N.).
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Michineau S, Franck G, Wagner-Ballon O, Dai J, Allaire E, Gervais M. Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 blockade by AMD3100 inhibits experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm expansion through anti-inflammatory effects. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1747-55. [PMID: 24876351 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation plays a critical role in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Because stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) is known for its ability to attract inflammatory cells, we investigated whether SDF-1/chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) axis is expressed in aneurysmal aortic wall and plays a role in AAA physiopathology and asked whether its blockade modulates AAA formation and expansion. APPROACH AND RESULTS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that SDF-1α and CXCR4 mRNA levels are increased in both human and CaCl2-induced mouse AAA wall and are positively correlated to the aortic diameter in mice. ELISA quantification and immunostaining demonstrated that, in mice, aortic SDF-1α is rapidly induced during AAA formation, first by apoptotic vascular smooth muscle cells in the injured media and then by adventitial macrophages once AAA is fully established. Using green fluorescent protein-positive (GFP(+/-)) bone marrow transplantation experiments, we demonstrated that aortic SDF-1 overexpression is implicated in the recruitment of bone marrow-derived macrophages within the AAA wall. Furthermore, in mice, blockade of CXCR4 by AMD3100 decreases the infiltration of adventitial macrophages, inhibits AAA formation, and prevents aortic wall destruction. AMD3100 reduces the mRNA levels of MMP-12 and MMP-14 as well as that of inflammatory effectors MCP-1, MIP-1β, MIP-2α, RANTES, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and E-selectin. Finally, AMD3100 stabilizes the diameter of formed, expanding AAAs in 2 experimental models. CONCLUSIONS SDF-1/CXCR4 axis is upregulated in human and mouse AAAs. Blockade of CXCR4 with AMD3100 suppresses AAA formation and progression in two rodent models. Blockade of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis may represent a new strategy to limit progression of small human AAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Michineau
- From the CNRS EAC 7054, Centre de Recherches Chirurgicales Dominique Chopin, Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Est Créteil University (UPEC), Créteil, France (S.M., G.F., J.D., E.A., M.G.); and Department of Hematology-Immunology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, UPEC, Créteil, France (O.W.-B.)
| | - Grégory Franck
- From the CNRS EAC 7054, Centre de Recherches Chirurgicales Dominique Chopin, Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Est Créteil University (UPEC), Créteil, France (S.M., G.F., J.D., E.A., M.G.); and Department of Hematology-Immunology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, UPEC, Créteil, France (O.W.-B.)
| | - Orianne Wagner-Ballon
- From the CNRS EAC 7054, Centre de Recherches Chirurgicales Dominique Chopin, Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Est Créteil University (UPEC), Créteil, France (S.M., G.F., J.D., E.A., M.G.); and Department of Hematology-Immunology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, UPEC, Créteil, France (O.W.-B.)
| | - Jianping Dai
- From the CNRS EAC 7054, Centre de Recherches Chirurgicales Dominique Chopin, Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Est Créteil University (UPEC), Créteil, France (S.M., G.F., J.D., E.A., M.G.); and Department of Hematology-Immunology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, UPEC, Créteil, France (O.W.-B.)
| | - Eric Allaire
- From the CNRS EAC 7054, Centre de Recherches Chirurgicales Dominique Chopin, Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Est Créteil University (UPEC), Créteil, France (S.M., G.F., J.D., E.A., M.G.); and Department of Hematology-Immunology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, UPEC, Créteil, France (O.W.-B.)
| | - Marianne Gervais
- From the CNRS EAC 7054, Centre de Recherches Chirurgicales Dominique Chopin, Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Est Créteil University (UPEC), Créteil, France (S.M., G.F., J.D., E.A., M.G.); and Department of Hematology-Immunology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, UPEC, Créteil, France (O.W.-B.)
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Ge YZ, Wu R, Lu TZ, Jia RP, Li MH, Gao XF, Jiang XM, Zhu XB, Li LP, Tan SJ, Song Q, Li WC, Zhu JG. Combined effects of TGFB1 +869 T/C and +915 G/C polymorphisms on acute rejection risk in solid organ transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93938. [PMID: 24705444 PMCID: PMC3976347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1) is involved in the development of acute rejection (AR) episodes in solid organ transplant recipients; and a number of studies have been conducted to investigate the combined effects of human TGF-β1 gene (TGFB1) +869 T/C and +915 G/C polymorphisms on AR risk. However, the results obtained are inconclusive. Methods Eligible studies that investigated the haplotypic association between TGFB1 +869 T/C and +915 G/C polymorphisms and AR risk were comprehensively searched in the PUBMED, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Database. Statistical analyses were performed by using STATA 12.0 and Review Manager 5.0. Results Fourteen eligible studies with 565 AR cases and 1219 non-AR cases were included. Overall, a significantly decreased risk was detected in patients carried with intermediate producer (IP) haplotypes (T/C G/C, T/T G/C, and C/C G/G) and/or low producer (LP) haplotypes (C/C G/C, C/C C/C, T/T C/C, and T/C C/C) compared with high producer (HP) haplotypes (T/T G/G and T/C G/G; IP vs. HP: OR = 0.75, 95% CI, 0.58–0.96, P heterogeneity = 0.238; IP/LP vs. HP: OR = 0.77, 95% CI, 0.61–0.98, P heterogeneity = 0.144). In addition, subgroup analysis by transplant types demonstrated a similar association in patients receiving heart transplant (IP vs. HP: OR = 0.32, 95% CI, 0.14–0.73, P heterogeneity = 0.790; IP/LP vs. HP: OR = 0.41, 95% CI, 0.20–0.85, P heterogeneity = 0.320). Conclusions The current meta-analysis and systematic review indicated that recipient TGFB1 HP haplotypes were significantly associated with an increased risk for AR in solid organ transplant recipients, particularly patients receiving cardiac allograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zheng Ge
- Center for Renal Transplantation, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Wu
- Center for Renal Transplantation, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian-Ze Lu
- Center for Renal Transplantation, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui-Peng Jia
- Center for Renal Transplantation, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Ming-Hao Li
- Center for Renal Transplantation, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Min Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian-Bo Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang-Peng Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Si-Jia Tan
- Center for Renal Transplantation, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qun Song
- Center for Renal Transplantation, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Li
- Center for Renal Transplantation, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Geng Zhu
- Center for Renal Transplantation, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Rouer M, Xu BH, Xuan HJ, Tanaka H, Fujimura N, Glover KJ, Furusho Y, Gerritsen M, Dalman RL. Rapamycin limits the growth of established experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2014; 47:493-500. [PMID: 24629569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting 4-8% of men older than 60 years. No pharmacologic strategies limit disease progression, aneurysm rupture, or aneurysm-related death. We examined the ability of rapamycin to limit the progression of established experimental AAAs. METHODS AAAs were created in 10-12-week-old male C57BL/6J mice via the porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) infusion method. Beginning 4 days after PPE infusion, mice were treated with rapamycin (5 mg/kg/day) or an equal volume of vehicle for 10 days. AAA progression was monitored by serial ultrasound examination. Aortae were harvested for histological analyses at sacrifice. RESULTS Three days after PPE infusion, prior to vehicle or rapamycin treatment, aneurysms were enlarging at an equal rate between groups. In the rapamycin group, treatment reduced aortic enlargement by 38%, and 53% at 3 and 10 days, respectively. On histological analysis, medial elastin and smooth muscle cell populations were relatively preserved in the rapamycin group. Rapamycin treatment also reduced mural macrophage density and neoangiogenesis. CONCLUSION Rapamycin limits the progression of established experimental aneurysms, increasing the translational potential of mechanistic target of rapamycin-related AAA inhibition strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rouer
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - B H Xu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - H J Xuan
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - H Tanaka
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - N Fujimura
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - K J Glover
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Y Furusho
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M Gerritsen
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - R L Dalman
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Ge YZ, Yu P, Jia RP, Wu R, Ding AX, Li LP, Zhao Y, Feng YM, Gui ZL, Liao S. Association between transforming growth factor beta-1 +869T/C polymorphism and acute rejection of solid organ allograft: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Transpl Immunol 2014; 30:76-83. [PMID: 24486560 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor beta-1(TGFB1) is involved in the acute rejection (AR) episodes of solid organ transplant recipients. However, results from published studies on the association between donor/recipient TGFB1 +869T/C polymorphism and AR risk are conflicting and inconclusive. METHODS PUBMED, EMBASE, CNKI and Wanfang Database were searched to identify eligible studies investigating the association between donor/recipient TGFB1 +869T/C polymorphism and AR risk. Statistical analysis was performed by using STATA 10.0. RESULTS A total of 29 studies were included. Overall, the donor TGFB1 +869T/C polymorphism was significantly associated with AR risk in heterozygote comparison (CT vs. TT: OR = 1.67, 95%CI, 1.17-2.39; P heterogeneity=0.285) and dominant model (CC vs. TC/TT OR = 1.47, 95%CI, 1.05-2.06; P heterogeneity=0.445). In addition, subgroup analysis revealed that CT variant (CT vs. TT: OR = 1.97, 95%CI, 1.20-3.25; P heterogeneity = 0.777) and CC/CT genotype (CC/CT vs. TT: OR = 1.72, 95%CI, 1.07, 2.78; P heterogeneity = 0.619) within donors contributed to higher risk of AR in recipients administrated with CsA or FK506, compared with those applied only CsA. On the other hand, no significant association between recipient TGFB1 +869T/C polymorphism and AR was detected in all genetic models. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis and systematic review suggested that donor TGFB1 +869T/C polymorphism was significantly associated with AR of solid organ transplant recipients, and especially among patients in CsA/FK 506 group compared with those in CsA group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zheng Ge
- Department of Urology & Center of Renal Transplantation, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Urology & Center of Renal Transplantation, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Rui-Peng Jia
- Department of Urology & Center of Renal Transplantation, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China.
| | - Ran Wu
- Department of Urology & Center of Renal Transplantation, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Ai-Xing Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Liang-Peng Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Urology & Center of Renal Transplantation, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Yu-Ming Feng
- Department of Urology & Center of Renal Transplantation, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Zan-Long Gui
- Department of Urology & Center of Renal Transplantation, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Sheng Liao
- Department of Urology & Center of Renal Transplantation, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China
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Fang H, Chen W, Gao Y, Shen Y, Luo M. Molecular mechanisms associated with Angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitory peptide activity on vascular extracellular matrix remodeling. Cardiology 2014; 127:247-55. [PMID: 24480854 DOI: 10.1159/000356951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptide activity involved in vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Therefore, changes in collagen fibers, elastic fibers and laminin were assessed in the left common carotid artery (LCCA). METHODS We selected 10-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats to study the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), transforming growth factor, angiotensin (Ang) II and nuclear factor (NF)-p65 in the wall of carotid arteries. RESULTS Compared to the control group, laminin expression was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the vascular endothelium of the LAP (a homemade ACE-inhibitory peptide, named by ourselves) group, whereas the percentage of elastic/collagen fibers in the LCCA vascular area was significantly decreased (p < 0.0001) in the LAP group. Immune blots of MMP-2, MMP-9, NF-p65 and AngII were significantly reduced in the LCCA wall in the LAP group. CONCLUSION Vascular ECM remodeling may be related to the inhibitory action of LAP on ECM deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Fang
- Departments of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Li W, Li Q, Jiao Y, Qin L, Ali R, Zhou J, Ferruzzi J, Kim RW, Geirsson A, Dietz HC, Offermanns S, Humphrey JD, Tellides G. Tgfbr2 disruption in postnatal smooth muscle impairs aortic wall homeostasis. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:755-67. [PMID: 24401272 DOI: 10.1172/jci69942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β is essential for vascular development; however, excess TGF-β signaling promotes thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection in multiple disorders, including Marfan syndrome. Since the pathology of TGF-β overactivity manifests primarily within the arterial media, it is widely assumed that suppression of TGF-β signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells will ameliorate aortic disease. We tested this hypothesis by conditional inactivation of Tgfbr2, which encodes the TGF-β type II receptor, in smooth muscle cells of postweanling mice. Surprisingly, the thoracic aorta rapidly thickened, dilated, and dissected in these animals. Tgfbr2 disruption predictably decreased canonical Smad signaling, but unexpectedly increased MAPK signaling. Type II receptor-independent effects of TGF-β and pathological responses by nonrecombined smooth muscle cells were excluded by serologic neutralization. Aortic disease was caused by a perturbed contractile apparatus in medial cells and growth factor production by adventitial cells, both of which resulted in maladaptive paracrine interactions between the vessel wall compartments. Treatment with rapamycin restored a quiescent smooth muscle phenotype and prevented dissection. Tgfbr2 disruption in smooth muscle cells also accelerated aneurysm growth in a murine model of Marfan syndrome. Our data indicate that basal TGF-β signaling in smooth muscle promotes postnatal aortic wall homeostasis and impedes disease progression.
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Riches K, Angelini TG, Mudhar GS, Kaye J, Clark E, Bailey MA, Sohrabi S, Korossis S, Walker PG, Scott DJA, Porter KE. Exploring smooth muscle phenotype and function in a bioreactor model of abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Transl Med 2013; 11:208. [PMID: 24028184 PMCID: PMC3847145 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) are central to arterial structure and function yet their involvement in the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease is not well studied. The progressive and silent nature of AAA in man essentially restricts research to the use of “end-stage” tissue recovered during surgical repair. This study aimed to generate an ex vivo model of AAA using protease-treated porcine carotid arteries maintained in a novel bioreactor, and to compare the structural and functional changes in SMC cultured from the recovered vessels with those from human tissue acquired at elective surgical repair. Methods Freshly isolated porcine arteries were pretreated with collagenase and/or elastase before culturing under flow in a bioreactor for 12 days. Human end-stage aneurysmal tissue and saphenous veins from age-matched controls were collected from patients undergoing surgery. SMC were cultured and characterised (immunocytochemistry, measurement of spread cell area) and assessed functionally at the level of proliferation (cell-counting) and matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion (gelatin zymography). Cellular senescence was investigated using β-galactosidase staining and apoptosis was quantified using a fluorescence-based caspase 3 assay. Results Co-expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain confirmed all cell populations as SMC. Porcine SMC harvested and cultivated after collagenase/elastase pretreatment displayed a prominent “rhomboid” morphology, increased spread area (32%, P < 0.01), impaired proliferation (47% reduction, P < 0.05), increased senescence (52%, P < 0.001), susceptibility to apoptosis and reduced MMP-2 secretion (60% decrease, P < 0.01) compared with SMC from vehicle, collagenase or elastase pre-treated vessels. Notably, these changes were comparable to those observed in human AAA SMC which were 2.4-fold larger than non-aneurysmal SMC (P < 0.001) and exhibited reduced proliferation (39% reduction, P < 0.001), greater apoptosis (4-fold increase, P < 0.001), and increased senescence (61%, P < 0.05). Conclusions Combined collagenase/elastase exposure of porcine artery maintained in a bioreactor under flow conditions induced a SMC phenotype characteristic of those cultured from end-stage AAA specimens. This model has potential and versatility to examine temporal changes in SMC biology and to identify the molecular mechanisms leading to early aberrancies in SMC function. In the longer term this may inform new targets to maintain aortic SMC content and drive cells to a “reparative” phenotype at early stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Riches
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics (LIGHT), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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Parastatidis I, Weiss D, Joseph G, Taylor WR. Overexpression of catalase in vascular smooth muscle cells prevents the formation of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2389-96. [PMID: 23950141 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elevated levels of oxidative stress have been reported in abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), but which reactive oxygen species promotes the development of AAA remains unclear. Here, we investigate the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-degrading enzyme catalase on the formation of AAA. APPROACH AND RESULTS AAA were induced with the application of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on mouse infrarenal aortas. The administration of PEG-catalase, but not saline, attenuated the loss of tunica media and protected against AAA formation (0.91 ± 0.1 versus 0.76 ± 0.09 mm). Similarly, in a transgenic mouse model, catalase overexpression in the vascular smooth muscle cells preserved the thickness of tunica media and inhibited aortic dilatation by 50% (0.85 ± 0.14 versus 0.57 ± 0.08 mm). Further studies showed that injury with CaCl2 decreased catalase expression and activity in the aortic wall. Pharmacological administration or genetic overexpression of catalase restored catalase activity and subsequently decreased matrix metalloproteinase activity. In addition, a profound reduction in inflammatory markers and vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis was evident in aortas of catalase-overexpressing mice. Interestingly, as opposed to infusion of PEG-catalase, chronic overexpression of catalase in vascular smooth muscle cells did not alter the total aortic H2O2 levels. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that a reduction in aortic wall catalase activity can predispose to AAA formation. Restoration of catalase activity in the vascular wall enhances aortic vascular smooth muscle cell survival and prevents AAA formation primarily through modulation of matrix metalloproteinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Parastatidis
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (I.P., D.W., G.J., W.R.T.); Cardiology Division, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA (W.R.T.); and Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (W.R.T.)
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Bashur CA, Rao RR, Ramamurthi A. Perspectives on stem cell-based elastic matrix regenerative therapies for abdominal aortic aneurysms. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:401-8. [PMID: 23677642 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are potentially fatal conditions that are characterized by decreased flexibility of the aortic wall due to proteolytic loss of the structural matrix. This leads to their gradual weakening and ultimate rupture. Drug-based inhibition of proteolytic enzymes may provide a nonsurgical treatment alternative for growing AAAs, although it might at best be sufficient to slow their growth. Regenerative repair of disrupted elastic matrix is required if regression of AAAs to a healthy state is to be achieved. Terminally differentiated adult and diseased vascular cells are poorly capable of affecting such regenerative repair. In this context, stem cells and their smooth muscle cell-like derivatives may represent alternate cell sources for regenerative AAA cell therapies. This article examines the pros and cons of using different autologous stem cell sources for AAA therapy, the requirements they must fulfill to provide therapeutic benefit, and the current progress toward characterizing the cells' ability to synthesize elastin, assemble elastic matrix structures, and influence the regenerative potential of diseased vascular cell types. The article also provides a detailed perspective on the limitations, uncertainties, and challenges that will need to be overcome or circumvented to translate current strategies for stem cell use into clinically viable AAA therapies. These therapies will provide a much needed nonsurgical treatment option for the rapidly growing, high-risk, and vulnerable elderly demographic.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/drug effects
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/rehabilitation
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/therapy
- Becaplermin
- Elasticity/drug effects
- Elasticity/physiology
- Elastin/biosynthesis
- Extracellular Matrix/drug effects
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Humans
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/pharmacology
- Regeneration/drug effects
- Regeneration/physiology
- Stem Cell Transplantation/methods
- Stem Cell Transplantation/trends
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/pharmacology
- Transplantation, Autologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A Bashur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells stabilize already-formed aortic aneurysms more efficiently than vascular smooth muscle cells in a rat model. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2013; 45:666-72. [PMID: 23598054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) expand because of aortic wall destruction. Enrichment in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (VSMCs) stabilizes expanding AAAs in rats. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) can differentiate into VSMCs. We have tested the hypothesis that bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) stabilizes AAAs in a rat model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rat Fischer 344 BM-MSCs were isolated by plastic adhesion and seeded endovascularly in experimental AAAs using xenograft obtained from guinea pig. Culture medium without cells was used as control group. The main criteria was the variation of the aortic diameter at one week and four weeks. We evaluated the impact of cells seeding on inflammatory response by immunohistochemistry combined with RT-PCR on MMP9 and TIMP1 at one week. We evaluated the healing process by immunohistochemistry at 4 weeks. RESULTS The endovascular seeding of BM-MSCs decreased AAA diameter expansion more powerfully than VSMCs or culture medium infusion (6.5% ± 9.7, 25.5% ± 17.2 and 53.4% ± 14.4; p = .007, respectively). This result was sustained at 4 weeks. BM-MSCs decreased expression of MMP-9 and infiltration by macrophages (4.7 ± 2.3 vs. 14.6 ± 6.4 mm(2) respectively; p = .015), increased Tissue Inhibitor Metallo Proteinase-1 (TIMP-1), compared to culture medium infusion. BM-MSCs induced formation of a neo-aortic tissue rich in SM-alpha active positive cells (22.2 ± 2.7 vs. 115.6 ± 30.4 cells/surface units, p = .007) surrounded by a dense collagen and elastin network covered by luminal endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS We have shown in this rat model of AAA that BM-MSCs exert a specialized function in arterial regeneration that transcends that of mature mesenchymal cells. Our observation identifies a population of cells easy to isolate and to expand for therapeutic interventions based on catheter-driven cell therapy.
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Piechota-Polanczyk A, Demyanets S, Nykonenko O, Huk I, Mittlboeck M, Domenig CM, Neumayer C, Wojta J, Nanobachvili J, Klinger M. Decreased tissue levels of cyclophilin A, a cyclosporine a target and phospho-ERK1/2 in simvastatin patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2013; 45:682-8. [PMID: 23558220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclophilin A (CyPA), a cyclosporine A-binding protein, influences abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation and the ERK1/2 signalling pathway in animal and in vitro studies. Statins decrease CyPA in smooth muscle cells although their influence on CyPA in human AAA is unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was performed on AAA wall-tissue samples obtained from 30 simvastatin-treated and 15 non-statin patients (2:1 case to control). The patients were matched by age, sex and AAA diameter. We investigated the gene expression of CyPA, its receptor extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) by real-time RT-PCR. CyPA and EMMPRIN protein level and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) were measured by Western blot. RESULTS The AAA wall tissue from simvastatin-treated patients had significantly lower CyPA gene expression and protein levels (P = 0.0018, P = 0.0083, respectively). Furthermore, phosphorylation of ERK1 and ERK2 was markedly suppressed in the simvastatin group (P = 0.0002, P = 0.0027, respectively). However, simvastatin did not influence EMMPRIN gene and protein expression. CONCLUSION Simvastatin-treated patients with AAA exert lower CyPA messenger RNA (mRNA), as well as CyPA intracellular protein levels and a decreased amount of phospho-ERK1/2. Thus, the interference with signalling pathways leading to CyPA formation and ERK1/2 activation reveals a new anti-inflammatory role of statins in AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Piechota-Polanczyk
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Chair of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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Lu H, Rateri DL, Bruemmer D, Cassis LA, Daugherty A. Novel mechanisms of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2013; 14:402-12. [PMID: 22833280 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-012-0271-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are a common but asymptomatic disease that has high susceptibility to rupture. Current therapeutic options are limited to surgical procedures because no pharmacological approaches have been proven to decrease either expansion or rupture of human AAAs. The current dearth of effective medical treatment is attributed to insufficient understanding of the mechanisms underlying the initiation, propagation and rupture of AAAs. This review will emphasize recent advances in mechanistic studies that may provide insights into potential pharmacological treatments for this disease. While we primarily focus on recent salient findings, we also discuss mechanisms that continue to be controversial depending on models under study. Despite the progress on exploring mechanisms of experimental AAAs, ultimate validation of mechanisms will require completion of prospective double-blinded clinical trials. In addition, we advocate increased emphasis of collaborative studies using animal models and human tissues for determination of mechanisms that explore expansion and rupture of existing AAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, Biomedical Biological Sciences Research Building, B243, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA.
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Transforming growth factor-β and abdominal aortic aneurysms. Cardiovasc Pathol 2013; 22:126-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Tao M, Yu P, Nguyen BT, Mizrahi B, Savion N, Kolodgie FD, Virmani R, Hao S, Ozaki CK, Schneiderman J. Locally applied leptin induces regional aortic wall degeneration preceding aneurysm formation in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 33:311-20. [PMID: 23220275 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leptin promotes atherosclerosis and vessel wall remodeling. As abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation involves tissue remodeling, we hypothesized that local leptin synthesis initiates and promotes this process. METHODS AND RESULTS Human surgical AAA walls were analyzed for antigen and mRNA levels of leptin and leptin receptor, as well as mRNA for matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9 and MMP-12. Leptin and leptin receptor antigen were evident in all AAAs, and leptin, MMP-9, and MMP-12 mRNA was increased relative to age-matched nondilated controls. To simulate in vivo local leptin synthesis, ApoE(-/-) mice were subjected to a paravisceral periaortic application of low-dose leptin. Leptin-treated aortas exhibited decreased transforming growth factor-β and increased MMP-9 mRNA levels 5 days after surgery, and leptin receptor mRNA was upregulated by day 28. Serial ultrasonography demonstrated accelerated regional aortic diameter growth after 28 days, correlating with local medial degeneration, increased MMP-9, MMP-12, and periadventitial macrophage clustering. Furthermore, the combination of local periaortic leptin and systemic angiotensin II administration augmented medial MMP-9 synthesis and aortic aneurysm size. CONCLUSIONS Leptin is locally synthesized in human AAA wall. Paravisceral aortic leptin in ApoE(-/-) mice induces local medial degeneration and augments angiotensin II-induced AAA, thus suggesting novel mechanistic links between leptin and AAA formation.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/diagnostic imaging
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/chemically induced
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/diagnostic imaging
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Apolipoproteins E/deficiency
- Apolipoproteins E/genetics
- Delayed-Action Preparations
- Dilatation, Pathologic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Leptin/administration & dosage
- Leptin/genetics
- Leptin/metabolism
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 12/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 12/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Leptin/genetics
- Receptors, Leptin/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Ultrasonography
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tao
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Redondo S, Navarro-Dorado J, Ramajo M, Medina Ú, Tejerina T. The complex regulation of TGF-β in cardiovascular disease. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2012; 8:533-9. [PMID: 23028232 PMCID: PMC3446857 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s28041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β1) is a pleiotropic cytokine with many and complex effects in cell and tissue physiology. This is made possible by a very complex and interwoven signaling system, whose regulation continues to be the focus of a growing line of research. This complex regulation translates to a key role in cardiovascular physiology, hemostasis, and the blood–vessel interface. In accordance with this, the TGF-β1 pathway appears to be deregulated in related disorders, such as atherosclerotic vascular disease and myeloproliferative syndromes. It is expected that the growing amount of experimental and clinical research will yield medical advances in the applications of knowledge of the TGF-β1 pathway to diagnosis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Redondo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
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Radu NC, Gervais M, Michineau S, Blanc R, Fifre A, Kirsch EWM, Allaire E. New ascending aortic aneurysm model in rats reproduces main structural features of degenerative ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms in human beings. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 145:1627-34. [PMID: 22935446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The singularity of the ascending aorta regarding mechanisms driving aneurysm formation requires the development of specific animal models. We investigated if adventitial elastase application results in ascending aorta aneurysms in rats. METHODS Adult Lewis rats (n = 26) were anesthetized, their ascending aortas measured by transthoracic ultrasound, and exposed via median sternotomy. Elastase or saline was applied on the ascending aortic adventitia. Ascending aorta diameters were monitored by ultrasound at 10 and 30 days, when the animals were killed. Wall area was measured on orcein stained sections. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels were quantified on gelatin zymography. RESULTS Following elastase application, ascending aortic diameter increased at 10 and 30 days follow-up by 38% and 44%, respectively (P = .004). Despite thinning of the media secondary to vascular dilation, standardized medial area was not different between elastase-treated aortas and controls. Standardized total wall area had a significant increase in treated aortas compared with controls. Active matrix metalloproteinase-2 was significantly increased at 30 days in treated aortas, whereas active matrix metalloproteinase-9 was no different from controls. CONCLUSIONS Elastase application on rat ascending aortic adventitia produced aneurysms, creating a reproducible model. Aortic wall remodeling evolved toward an increase in total wall area, reproducing the main structural features of this disease in human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narcis Costin Radu
- Surgical Research Center, Université Paris Est-Créteil, Créteil, France.
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Wild J, Stather P, Sylvius N, Choke E, Sayers R, Bown M. Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Related Protein 1 and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2012; 44:127-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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