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Jeddi S, Gheibi S, Kashfi K, Ghasemi A. Sodium hydrosulfide has no additive effects on nitrite-inhibited renal gluconeogenesis in type 2 diabetic rats. Life Sci 2021; 283:119870. [PMID: 34352258 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased renal and hepatic gluconeogenesis are important sources of fasting hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The inhibitory effect of co-administration of sodium nitrite and sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) on hepatic but not renal gluconeogenesis has been reported in rats with T2D. The present study aimed to determine the effects of co-administration of sodium nitrite and NaSH on the expression of genes involved in renal gluconeogenesis in rats with T2D. METHODS T2D was induced by a combination of a high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin (30 mg/kg). Male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 6/group): Control, T2D, T2D + nitrite, T2D + NaSH, and T2D + nitrite+NaSH. Nitrite and NaSH were administered for nine weeks at a dose of 50 mg/L (in drinking water) and 0.28 mg/kg (daily intraperitoneal injection), respectively. Serum levels of urea and creatinine, and mRNA expressions of PEPCK, G6Pase, FBPase, PC, PI3K, AKT, PGC-1α, and FoxO1 in the renal tissue, were measured at the end of the study. RESULTS Nitrite decreased mRNA expression of PEPCK by 39%, G6Pase by 43%, FBPase by 41%, PC by 63%, PGC-1α by 45%, and FoxO1 by 27% in the renal tissue of rats with T2D; co-administration of nitrite and NaSH further decreases FoxO1, while had no additive effects on the tissue expression of the other genes. In addition, nitrite+NaSH decreased elevated serum urea levels by 58% and creatinine by 37% in rats with T2D. CONCLUSION The inhibitory effect of nitrite on gluconeogenesis in T2D rats is at least in part due to decreased mRNA expressions of renal gluconeogenic genes. Unlike effects on hepatic gluconeogenesis, co-administration of nitrite and NaSH has no additive effects on genes involved in renal gluconeogenesis in rats with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Jeddi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sevda Gheibi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, USA
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Jeddi S, Gheibi S, Carlström M, Kashfi K, Ghasemi A. Long-term co-administration of sodium nitrite and sodium hydrosulfide inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis in male type 2 diabetic rats: Role of PI3K-Akt-eNOS pathway. Life Sci 2020; 265:118770. [PMID: 33212150 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A deficiency in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). An inhibitory effect on liver gluconeogenesis has been reported in rats with T2D with co-administration of sodium nitrite and sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH); the underlying mechanisms have however not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study is to determine the long-term effects of co-administering sodium nitrite and NaSH on expression of genes involved in liver gluconeogenesis in rats with T2D. METHODS T2D was induced using a high fat diet combined with low-dose of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg). Rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 7/group): Control, T2D, T2D + nitrite, T2D + NaSH, and T2D + nitrite+NaSH. Nitrite (50 mg/L) and NaSH (0.28 mg/kg) were administered for 9 weeks. Intraperitoneal pyruvate tolerance test (PTT) was performed at the end of the ninth week and mRNA expressions of PI3K, Akt, eNOS, PEPCK, G6Pase, and FBPase were measured in the liver. RESULTS Co-administration of nitrite and NaSH decreased elevated serum glucose concentrations during PTT. Compared to T2D + nitrite, co-administration of nitrite and NaSH resulted in significant increases in mRNA expression of PI3K, Akt, and eNOS and significant decreases in mRNA expression of G6Pase and FBPase but had no effect on PEPCK expression. CONCLUSION Long-term NaSH administration at low-dose, potentiated the inhibitory effects of nitrite on mRNA expression of key liver gluconeogenic enzymes in rats with T2D. This inhibitory effect of nitrite and NaSH co-administration on gluconeogenesis were associated with increased gene expression of PI3K, Akt, and eNOS in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Jeddi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sevda Gheibi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, USA.
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Among many endogenous mediators, the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays an important role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. In this article we discuss different functional roles of H2S in several metabolic organs/tissues required in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Recent Advances: New evidence has emerged revealing the insulin sensitizing role of H2S in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle biology. In addition, H2S was demonstrated to be a potent stimulator of gluconeogenesis via the induction and stimulation of various glucose-producing pathways in the liver. CRITICAL ISSUES Similar to its other physiological effects, H2S exhibits paradoxical characteristics in the regulation of glucose homeostasis: (1) H2S stimulates glucose production via activation of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in hepatocytes, yet inhibits lipolysis in adipocytes; (2) H2S stimulates glucose uptake into adipocytes and skeletal muscle but inhibits glucose uptake into hepatocytes; (3) H2S inhibits insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells, yet sensitizes insulin signaling and insulin-triggered response in adipose tissues and skeletal muscle. It is also unclear the impact H2S may have on glucose metabolism and utilization by other vital organs, such as the brain. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Recent reports and ongoing studies lay the foundation for a general, although highly incomplete, understanding of the effect of H2S on regulating glucose homeostasis. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms and physiological outcomes of the gasotransmitter H2S on organs and tissues required for homeostatic maintenance of blood glucose. Future directions highlighting the H2S-mediated homeostatic control of glucose metabolism under physiological and insulin-resistant conditions are also discussed. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1463-1482.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Untereiner
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Lingyun Wu
- 2 Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research Unit and School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University , Sudbury, Canada .,3 Health Sciences North Research Institute , Sudbury, Canada
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Shuang T, Fu M, Yang G, Wu L, Wang R. The interaction of IGF-1/IGF-1R and hydrogen sulfide on the proliferation of mouse primary vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 149:143-152. [PMID: 29248598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is mostly produced by cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE) in vascular system and it inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), via its receptor (IGF-1R), exerts multiple physiological and pathophysiological effects on the vasculature, including stimulating SMC proliferation and migration, and inhibiting SMC apoptosis. Since H2S and IGF-1/IGF-1R have opposite effects on SMC proliferation, it becomes imperative to better understand the interaction of these two signaling mechanisms on SMC proliferation. SMCs isolated from small mesenteric arteries of CSE knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were used in the present study. The effects of IGF-1 and H2S on SMC proliferation were evaluated with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assays. Protein expression was determined by western blot, and H2S-induced protein S-sulfhydration was assessed with a modified biotin switch assay. We found that IGF-1 dose-dependently increased the proliferation of both WT-SMCs and KO-SMCs, and this effect was more significant in KO-SMCs. Supplement of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) inhibited IGF-1-induced cell proliferation, while this effect was abolished by blocking IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling with picropodophyllin (PPP) or knocking out of the expression of IGF-1R. H2S significantly down-regulates the expression of IGF-1R, stimulates IGF-1R S-sulfhydration, and attenuates the binding of IGF-1 with IGF-1R. This study provides novel insight on the involvement of IGF-1/IGF-1R in H2S-inhibited SMC proliferation and suggests H2S-based innovative treatment strategies for proliferative cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Shuang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Canada; School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Canada; Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Canada; Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ming Fu
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Canada; School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Canada; Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guangdong Yang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lingyun Wu
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Canada; School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Canada; Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rui Wang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Canada; Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Canada.
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Hipkiss AR. On the Relationship between Energy Metabolism, Proteostasis, Aging and Parkinson's Disease: Possible Causative Role of Methylglyoxal and Alleviative Potential of Carnosine. Aging Dis 2017; 8:334-345. [PMID: 28580188 PMCID: PMC5440112 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research shows that energy metabolism can strongly influence proteostasis and thereby affect onset of aging and related disease such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Changes in glycolytic and proteolytic activities (influenced by diet and development) are suggested to synergistically create a self-reinforcing deleterious cycle via enhanced formation of triose phosphates (dihydroxyacetone-phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) and their decomposition product methylglyoxal (MG). It is proposed that triose phosphates and/or MG contribute to the development of PD and its attendant pathophysiological symptoms. MG can induce many of the macromolecular modifications (e.g. protein glycation) which characterise the aged-phenotype. MG can also react with dopamine to generate a salsolinol-like product, 1-acetyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinaline (ADTIQ), which accumulates in the Parkinson's disease (PD) brain and whose effects on mitochondria, analogous to MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine), closely resemble changes associated with PD. MG can directly damage the intracellular proteolytic apparatus and modify proteins into non-degradable (cross-linked) forms. It is suggested that increased endogenous MG formation may result from either, or both, enhanced glycolytic activity and decreased proteolytic activity and contribute to the macromolecular changes associated with PD. Carnosine, a naturally-occurring dipeptide, may ameliorate MG-induced effects due, in part, to its carbonyl-scavenging activity. The possibility that ingestion of highly glycated proteins could also contribute to age-related brain dysfunction is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R. Hipkiss
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing (ARCHA), School of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
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Stimulatory effect of CSE-generated H2S on hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis and the underlying mechanisms. Nitric Oxide 2016; 58:67-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products mitigates vascular dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 419:165-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2763-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Untereiner AA, Wang R, Ju Y, Wu L. Decreased Gluconeogenesis in the Absence of Cystathionine Gamma-Lyase and the Underlying Mechanisms. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 24:129-40. [PMID: 26401978 PMCID: PMC4742978 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the regulation of hepatic glucose production by cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE)-generated hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in hepatic glucose production under physiological conditions. RESULTS We found that CSE knockout (KO) mice had a reduced rate of gluconeogenesis, which was reversed by administration of NaHS (an H2S donor) (i.p.). Interestingly, isolated CSE KO hepatocytes exhibited a reduced glycemic response to chemical-induced activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) and glucocorticoid pathways compared with wild-type (WT) hepatocytes. Treatment with the inhibitors for PKA (KT5720) or glucocorticoid receptor (GR) (RU-486) significantly reduced H2S-stimulated glucose production from both WT and CSE KO mouse hepatocytes. NaHS treatment upregulated the protein levels of key gluconeogenic transcription factors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein-β (C/EBP-β). Moreover, exogenous H2S augmented the S-sulfhydration of the rate-limiting gluconeogenic enzymes and PGC-1α and increased their activities, which were lower in untreated CSE KO hepatocytes. Finally, knockdown of PGC-1α, but not C/EBP-β, significantly decreased NaHS-induced glucose production from the primary hepatocytes. INNOVATION This study demonstrates the stimulatory effect of endogenous H2S on liver glucose production and reveals three underlying mechanisms; that is, H2S upregulates the expression levels of PGC-1α and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase via the GR pathway; H2S upregulates the expression level of PGC-1α through the activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway as well as PGC-1α activity via S-sulfhydration; and H2S upregulates the expression and the activities (by S-sulfhydration) of glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. CONCLUSION This study may offer clues for the homeostatic regulation of glucose metabolism under physiological conditions and its dysregulation in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Untereiner
- 1 The Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Lakehead University , Ontario, Canada .,2 Department of Health Sciences, Lakehead University , Ontario, Canada .,3 Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute , Ontario, Canada
| | - Rui Wang
- 1 The Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Lakehead University , Ontario, Canada .,4 Department of Biology, Laurentian University , Ontario, Canada
| | - YoungJun Ju
- 1 The Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Lakehead University , Ontario, Canada .,5 Department of Kinesiology, Lakehead University , Ontario, Canada
| | - Lingyun Wu
- 1 The Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Lakehead University , Ontario, Canada .,2 Department of Health Sciences, Lakehead University , Ontario, Canada .,3 Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute , Ontario, Canada
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Ju Y, Untereiner A, Wu L, Yang G. H2S-induced S-sulfhydration of pyruvate carboxylase contributes to gluconeogenesis in liver cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:2293-303. [PMID: 26272431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE)-derived hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) possesses diverse roles in the liver, affecting lipoprotein synthesis, insulin sensitivity, and mitochondrial biogenesis. H(2)S S-sulfhydration is now proposed as a major mechanism for H(2)S-mediated signaling. Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) is an important enzyme for gluconeogenesis. S-sulfhydration regulation of PC by H(2)S and its implication in gluconeogenesis in the liver have been unknown. METHODS Gene expressions were analyzed by real-time PCR and western blotting, and protein S-sulfhydration was assessed by both modified biotin switch assay and tag switch assay. Glucose production and PC activity was measured with coupled enzyme assays, respectively. RESULTS Exogenously applied H(2)S stimulates PC activity and gluconeogenesis in both HepG2 cells and mouse primary liver cells. CSE overexpression enhanced but CSE knockout reduced PC activity and gluconeogenesis in liver cells, and blockage of PC activity abolished H(2)S-induced gluconeogenesis. H(2)S had no effect on the expressions of PC mRNA and protein, while H(2)S S-sulfhydrated PC in a dithiothreitol-sensitive way. PC S-sulfhydration was significantly strengthened by CSE overexpression but attenuated by CSE knockout, suggesting that H(2)S enhances glucose production through S-sulfhydrating PC. Mutation of cysteine 265 in human PC diminished H(2)S-induced PC S-sulfhydration and activity. In addition, high-fat diet feeding of mice decreased both CSE expression and PC S-sulfhydration in the liver, while glucose deprivation of HepG2 cells stimulated CSE expression. CONCLUSIONS CSE/H(2)S pathway plays an important role in the regulation of glucose production through S-sulfhydrating PC in the liver. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Tissue-specific regulation of CSE/H(2)S pathway might be a promising therapeutic target of diabetes and other metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- YoungJun Ju
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Ashley Untereiner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; Department of Health Science, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Lingyun Wu
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; Department of Health Science, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Guangdong Yang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada.
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Mani S, Cao W, Wu L, Wang R. Hydrogen sulfide and the liver. Nitric Oxide 2014; 41:62-71. [PMID: 24582857 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gasotransmitter that regulates numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes in our body. Enzymatic production of H2S is catalyzed by cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MST). All these three enzymes present in the liver and via H2S production regulate liver functions. The liver is the hub for metabolism of glucose and lipids, and maintains the level of circulatory lipids through lipoprotein metabolism. Hepatic H2S metabolism affects glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, lipoprotein synthesis, mitochondrial biogenetics and biogenesis. Malfunction of hepatic H2S metabolism may be involved in many liver diseases, such as hepatic fibrosis and hepatic cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarathi Mani
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada
| | - Wei Cao
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada; Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Thunder Bay, Canada; Department of Natural Medicine & Institute of Materia Medica, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lingyun Wu
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada; Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Thunder Bay, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada.
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Hipkiss AR. Aging risk factors and Parkinson's disease: contrasting roles of common dietary constituents. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:1469-72. [PMID: 24388766 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a Parkinson's disease (PD) risk factor. It is suggested here that certain dietary components may either contribute to or ameliorate PD risk. There is evidence, which indicates that excessive carbohydrate (glucose or fructose) catabolism is a cause of mitochondrial dysfunction in PD, one consequence is increased production of methylglyoxal (MG). However, other dietary components (carnosine and certain plant extracts) not only scavenge MG but can also influence some of the biochemical events (signal transduction, stress protein synthesis, glycation, and toxin generation) associated with PD pathology. As double blind, placebo-controlled carnosine supplementation studies have revealed beneficial outcomes in humans, it is suggested that MG scavengers such as carnosine be further explored for their therapeutic potential toward PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Hipkiss
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing (ARCHA), School of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
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Zhang L, Yang G, Untereiner A, Ju Y, Wu L, Wang R. Hydrogen sulfide impairs glucose utilization and increases gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes. Endocrinology 2013. [PMID: 23183179 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence has established hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) as an important gasotransmitter with multifaceted physiological functions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of H(2)S on glucose utilization, glycogen synthesis, as well as gluconeogenesis in both HepG(2) cells and primary mouse hepatocytes. Incubation with NaHS (a H(2)S donor) impaired glucose uptake and glycogen storage in HepG(2) cells via decreasing glucokinase activity. Adenovirus-mediated cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) overexpression increased endogenous H(2)S production and lowered glycogen content in HepG(2) cells. Glycogen content was significantly higher in liver tissues from CSE knockout (KO) mice compared to that from wild type (WT) mice in fed condition. Glucose consumption was less in primarily cultured hepatocytes isolated from WT mice than those from CSE KO mice, but more glucose was produced by hepatocytes via gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis pathways in WT mice than in CSE KO mice. NaHS treatment reduced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase, whereas stimulation of AMP-activated protein kinase by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside reversed H(2)S-impaired glucose uptake. H(2)S-increased glucose production was likely through increased phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity. In addition, insulin at the physiological range inhibited CSE expression, and H(2)S decreased insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt in HepG(2) cells. CSE expression was increased, however, in insulin-resistant state induced by exposing cells to high levels of insulin (500 nm) and glucose (33 mm) for 24 h. Taken together, these data suggest that the interaction of H(2)S and insulin in liver plays a pivotal role in regulating insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada P7B 5E1
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Cheng AS, Cheng YH, Chiou CH, Chang TL. Resveratrol upregulates Nrf2 expression to attenuate methylglyoxal-induced insulin resistance in Hep G2 cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:9180-7. [PMID: 22917016 DOI: 10.1021/jf302831d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress can result in insulin resistance, a primary cause of type-2 diabetes. Methylglyoxal (MG), a highly reactive dicarbonyl metabolite generated during glucose metabolism, has also been confirmed to cause pancreatic injury and induce inflammation, thereby resulting in insulin resistance. Recently, resveratrol has been reported to exert antioxidant properties, protecting cells from the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study was to evaluate resveratrol activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to attenuate MG-induced insulin resistance in Hep G2 cells. Therefore, the molecular signaling events affecting resveratrol-mediated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glyoxalase expression levels were further investigated in this study. Our findings indicated that resveratrol activated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway but not the p38 or c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways, subsequently leading to Nrf2 nuclear translocation and elevation of HO-1 and glyoxalase expression levels. Moreover, resveratrol significantly elevated glucose uptake and protected against MG-induced insulin resistance in Hep G2 cells. In contrast, depletion of Nrf2 by small interfering RNA (si-RNA) resulted in the abrogation of HO-1 and glyoxalase expression in the MG-treated resveratrol group in Hep G2 cells. Administration of an appropriate chemopreventive agent, such as resveratrol, may be an alternative strategy for protecting against MG-induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Sheng Cheng
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
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