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Saisomboon S, Kariya R, Boonnate P, Sawanyawisuth K, Cha'on U, Luvira V, Chamgramol Y, Pairojkul C, Seubwai W, Silsirivanit A, Wongkham S, Okada S, Jitrapakdee S, Vaeteewoottacharn K. Diminishing acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 attenuates CCA migration via AMPK-NF-κB-snail axis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166694. [PMID: 36972768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a cancer of the biliary tract, is a significant health problem in Thailand. Reprogramming of cellular metabolism and upregulation of lipogenic enzymes have been revealed in CCA, but the mechanism is unclear. The current study highlighted the importance of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), a rate-limiting enzyme in de novo lipogenesis, on CCA migration. ACC1 expression in human CCA tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that increased ACC1 was related to the shorter survival of CCA patients. Herein, ACC1-deficient cell lines (ACC1-KD) were generated by the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (cas9) system and were used for the comparative study. The ACC1 levels in ACC1-KD were 80-90 % lower than in parental cells. Suppression of ACC1 significantly reduced intracellular malonyl-CoA and neutral lipid contents. Two-fold growth retardation and 60-80 % reduced CCA cell migration and invasion were observed in ACC1-KD cells. The reduced 20-40 % of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activation, lowered NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, and snail expression were emphasized. Migration of ACC1-KD cells was restored by supplementation with palmitic acid and malonyl-CoA. Altogether, the importance of rate-limiting enzyme in de novo fatty acid synthesis, ACC1, and AMPK-NF-κB-snail axis on CCA progression was suggested herein. These might be the novel targets for CCA drug design. (ACC1, AMPK, Cholangiocarcinoma, De novo lipogenesis, NF-κB, Palmitic acid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saowaluk Saisomboon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ryusho Kariya
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Piyanard Boonnate
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Kanlayanee Sawanyawisuth
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ubon Cha'on
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Vor Luvira
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Yaovalux Chamgramol
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chawalit Pairojkul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wunchana Seubwai
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Atit Silsirivanit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Sarawut Jitrapakdee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Kulthida Vaeteewoottacharn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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2
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Korbecki J, Bosiacki M, Gutowska I, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Biosynthesis and Significance of Fatty Acids, Glycerophospholipids, and Triacylglycerol in the Processes of Glioblastoma Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072183. [PMID: 37046844 PMCID: PMC10093493 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One area of glioblastoma research is the metabolism of tumor cells and detecting differences between tumor and healthy brain tissue metabolism. Here, we review differences in fatty acid metabolism, with a particular focus on the biosynthesis of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by fatty acid synthase (FASN), elongases, and desaturases. We also describe the significance of individual fatty acids in glioblastoma tumorigenesis, as well as the importance of glycerophospholipid and triacylglycerol synthesis in this process. Specifically, we show the significance and function of various isoforms of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPAT), 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferases (AGPAT), lipins, as well as enzymes involved in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and cardiolipin (CL). This review also highlights the involvement of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (DGAT) in triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Due to significant gaps in knowledge, the GEPIA database was utilized to demonstrate the significance of individual enzymes in glioblastoma tumorigenesis. Finally, we also describe the significance of lipid droplets in glioblastoma and the impact of fatty acid synthesis, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on cell membrane fluidity and signal transduction from the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zyty 28 Str., 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Mateusz Bosiacki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54 Str., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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3
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Crosstalk between fatty acid metabolism and tumour-associated macrophages in cancer progression. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2023; 12:9-19. [PMID: 36816174 PMCID: PMC9910230 DOI: 10.37796/2211-8039.1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, cancer has been regarded as an independent and self sustaining progression. The earliest hallmarks of cancer comprise of sustaining proliferative signalling, avoiding growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, and activating invasion and metastasis. Nonetheless, two emerging hallmarks are being described: aberrant metabolic pathways and evasion of immune destruction. Changes in tumour cell metabolism are not restricted to tumour cells alone; the products of the altered metabolism have a direct impact on the activity of immune cells inside the tumour microenvironment, particularly tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs). The complicated process of cancer growth is orchestrated by metabolic changes dictating the tight mutual connection between these cells. Here, we discuss approaches to exploit the interaction of cancer cells' abnormal metabolic activity and TAMs. We also describe ways to exploit it by reprogramming fatty acid metabolism via TAMs.
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Schminke B, Shomroni O, Salinas G, Bremmer F, Kauffmann P, Schliephake H, Oyelami F, Rahat MA, Brockmeyer P. Prognostic factor identification by screening changes in differentially expressed genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2023; 29:116-127. [PMID: 33872434 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to identify changes in the expression of proteins occurring during the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to validate their impact on patient prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The human OSCC cell line UPCI-SCC-040 was treated in vitro with TGF-β1, and transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed putative candidates relative to untreated cells. The respective protein expression levels of the most important genes were immunohistochemically validated on a tissue microarray (TMA) containing tissue samples from 39 patients with OSCC and were correlated with disease-free survival (DFS) as the primary clinical endpoint. RESULTS Our univariate Cox proportional hazard regression (CR) analysis revealed significant correlations among positive N stage (local lymph node metastasis, p = .04), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (p < .01), sclerostin (p = .01), and CD137L expression (p = .04) and DFS. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and sclerostin remained the main prognostic factors (p < .01) in the multiple CR model. CONCLUSION We identified changes in differentially expressed genes during OSCC progression in vitro and translated the impact of the most deregulated genes on patient prognosis. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and sclerostin acted as independent prognostic factors in OSCC and could also be interesting candidates for new cancer targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Schminke
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Orr Shomroni
- NGS Integrative Genomics (NIG), Core Unit, Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- NGS Integrative Genomics (NIG), Core Unit, Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Felix Bremmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Kauffmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Henning Schliephake
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Felix Oyelami
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Carmel Medical Center and the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal A Rahat
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Carmel Medical Center and the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Phillipp Brockmeyer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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5
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Tripathi V, Jaiswal P, Assaiya A, Kumar J, Parmar HS. Anti-Cancer Effects of 5-Aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide-1-β-D-Ribofuranoside (AICAR) on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Cells: Mitochondrial Modulation may be an Underlying Mechanism. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:245-256. [PMID: 35135451 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220207101212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known for Warburg-metabolism and defects in the mitochondria. AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) activates the downstream transcription factors PGC-1α, PGC-1β, or FOXO1 which participate in mitochondrial biogenesis. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) is an analog of adenosine monophosphate and is a direct activator of AMPK. OBJECTIVES In the present study, we attempt to understand the influence of AICAR on TNBC cells MDA-MB-231 and the underlying changes in mitochondrial biogenesis, if any. METHODS We investigated AICAR induced changes in cell viability, apoptosis, migratory potential, and changes in the sensitivity of doxorubicin. RESULTS In response to the treatment of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with 750 µM of AICAR for 72 hours, followed by 48 hours in fresh media without AICAR, we observed a decrease in viability via MTT assay, reduction in cell numbers along with the apoptotic appearance, increased cell death by ELISA, decreased lactate in conditioned medium and decrease in migration by scratch and transwell migration assays. These changes in the cancer phenotype were accompanied by an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis, as observed by increased mitochondrial DNA to nuclear DNA ratio, a decrease in lactic acid concentration, increase in mitotracker green and red staining, and increased expression of transcription factors PGC-1α, NRF-1, NRF-2, and TFAM that contribute in mitochondrial biogenesis. Pre-treatment of cells with AICAR for 72 hours followed by 48 hours treatment with 1 µM doxorubicin showed an increased sensitivity to doxorubicin as assessed by MTT assay. CONCLUSION Our results show that AICAR exerts beneficial effects on TNBC cells possibly via switching off the Warburg metabolism and switching on the anti-Warburg metabolism through mitochondrial modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Versha Tripathi
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore-452001. M.P., India
| | - Pooja Jaiswal
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore-452001. M.P., India
| | - Anshul Assaiya
- Laboratory of Membrane Protein Biology, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S. P. Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Janesh Kumar
- Laboratory of Membrane Protein Biology, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S. P. Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
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6
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Gao J, Ma K, Zhang L, Li T, Zhao B, Jiang Y. Paired related homeobox 1 attenuates autophagy via acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1-regulated fatty acid metabolism in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1006-1016. [PMID: 35032368 PMCID: PMC9063443 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy can affect the invasion and metastasis of carcinoma. Our previous study has shown that invasion and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) can be promoted by the metabolic reprogramming of free fatty acids (FFAs). However, the effect of FFA metabolism on autophagy in SACC remains unknown. In this study, we showed that overexpression of paired related homeobox 1 (PRRX1) reduced the number of autophagosomes and decreased the expression of LC3 and Beclin‐1 in SACC patients and SACC‐83 cells in vitro. Moreover, PRRX1‐mediating FFA reprogramming triggered to autophagy via regulating acetyl‐CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), leading to invasion and migration in SACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Oral Implantology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Kangjie Ma
- Department of Oral Implantology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Baodong Zhao
- Department of Oral Implantology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yaping Jiang
- Department of Oral Implantology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
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7
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Bastos DC, Ribeiro CF, Ahearn T, Nascimento J, Pakula H, Clohessy J, Mucci L, Roberts T, Zanata SM, Zadra G, Loda M. Genetic ablation of FASN attenuates the invasive potential of prostate cancer driven by Pten loss. J Pathol 2020; 253:292-303. [PMID: 33166087 PMCID: PMC7898611 DOI: 10.1002/path.5587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Loss of the tumor suppressor gene Pten in murine prostate recapitulates human carcinogenesis and causes stromal proliferation surrounding murine prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (mPIN), which is reactive to microinvasion. In turn, invasion has been shown to be regulated in part by de novo fatty acid synthesis in prostate cancer. We therefore investigated the effects of genetic ablation of Fasn on invasive potential in prostate‐specific Pten knockout mice. Combined genetic ablation of Fasn and Pten reduced the weight and volume of all the prostate lobes when compared to single knockouts. The stromal reaction to microinvasion and the cell proliferation that typically occurs in Pten knockout were largely abolished by Fasn knockout. To verify that Fasn knockout indeed results in decreased invasive potential, we show that genetic ablation and pharmacologic inhibition of FASN in prostate cancer cells significantly inhibit cellular motility and invasion. Finally, combined loss of PTEN with FASN overexpression was associated with lethality as assessed in 660 prostate cancer patients with 14.2 years of median follow‐up. Taken together, these findings show that de novo lipogenesis contributes to the aggressive phenotype induced by Pten loss in murine prostate and targeting Fasn may reduce the invasive potential of prostate cancer driven by Pten loss. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora C Bastos
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Oral Biosciences, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Caroline F Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Ahearn
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jéssica Nascimento
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hubert Pakula
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Clohessy
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorelei Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Roberts
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Silvio M Zanata
- Departments of Basic Pathology and Cell Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Giorgia Zadra
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.,New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA.,The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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8
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A novel metabolic function of Myc in regulation of fatty acid synthesis in prostate cancer. Oncogene 2020; 40:592-602. [PMID: 33199826 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A subset of human prostate cancer exhibits increased de novo synthesis of fatty acids, but the molecular driver(s) of this metabolic abnormality remains obscure. This study demonstrates a novel metabolic function of c-Myc (Myc) in regulation of fatty acid synthesis. The role of Myc in regulation of fatty acid synthesis was investigated by: (a) interrogation of the prostate cancer The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, (b) chromatin immunoprecipitation, and (c) determination of the expression of fatty acid synthesis enzymes and targeted metabolomics using a mouse model and human specimens. The expression of MYC was positively associated with that of key fatty acid synthesis genes including ACLY, ACC1, and FASN in prostate cancer TCGA dataset. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed Myc occupancy at the promoters of ACLY, ACC1, and FASN. Prostate-specific overexpression of Myc in Hi-Myc transgenic mice resulted in overexpression of ACLY, ACC1, and FASN proteins in neoplastic lesions and increased circulating levels of total free fatty acids. Targeted metabolomics confirmed increased circulating levels of individual fatty acids in the plasma of Hi-Myc mice and human subjects when compared to corresponding controls. Immunohistochemistry also revealed a positive and statistically significant association in expression of Myc with that of ACC1 in human prostate adenocarcinoma specimens. We propose that Myc-regulated fatty acid synthesis is a valid target for therapy and/or prevention of prostate cancer.
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9
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Kelly KL, Reagan WJ, Sonnenberg GE, Clasquin M, Hales K, Asano S, Amor PA, Carvajal-Gonzalez S, Shirai N, Matthews MD, Li KW, Hellerstein MK, Vera NB, Ross TT, Cappon G, Bergman A, Buckeridge C, Sun Z, Qejvanaj EZ, Schmahai T, Beebe D, Pfefferkorn JA, Esler WP. De novo lipogenesis is essential for platelet production in humans. Nat Metab 2020; 2:1163-1178. [PMID: 32929234 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyses the first step of de novo lipogenesis (DNL). Pharmacologic inhibition of ACC has been of interest for therapeutic intervention in a wide range of diseases. We demonstrate here that ACC and DNL are essential for platelet production in humans and monkeys, but in not rodents or dogs. During clinical evaluation of a systemically distributed ACC inhibitor, unexpected dose-dependent reductions in platelet count were observed. While platelet count reductions were not observed in rat and dog toxicology studies, subsequent studies in cynomolgus monkeys recapitulated these platelet count reductions with a similar concentration response to that in humans. These studies, along with ex vivo human megakaryocyte maturation studies, demonstrate that platelet lowering is a consequence of DNL inhibition likely to result in impaired megakaryocyte demarcation membrane formation. These observations demonstrate that while DNL is a minor quantitative contributor to global lipid balance in humans, DNL is essential to specific lipid pools of physiological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L Kelly
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William J Reagan
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Gabriele E Sonnenberg
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Clasquin
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katherine Hales
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shoh Asano
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paul A Amor
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Norimitsu Shirai
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Marcy D Matthews
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kelvin W Li
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Marc K Hellerstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas B Vera
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Trenton T Ross
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gregg Cappon
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Arthur Bergman
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Clare Buckeridge
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhongyuan Sun
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Enida Ziso Qejvanaj
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - David Beebe
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Pfefferkorn
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William P Esler
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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10
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Lipids in the tumor microenvironment: From cancer progression to treatment. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101055. [PMID: 32791170 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the study of metabolic abnormalities in cancer cells has risen dramatically. Cancer cells can thrive in challenging environments, be it the hypoxic and nutrient-deplete tumor microenvironment or a distant tissue following metastasis. The ways in which cancer cells utilize lipids are often influenced by the complex interactions within the tumor microenvironment and adjacent stroma. Adipocytes can be activated by cancer cells to lipolyze their triglyceride stores, delivering secreted fatty acids to cancer cells for uptake through numerous fatty acid transporters. Cancer-associated fibroblasts are also implicated in lipid secretion for cancer cell catabolism and lipid signaling leading to activation of mitogenic and migratory pathways. As these cancer-stromal interactions are exacerbated during tumor progression, fatty acids secreted into the microenvironment can impact infiltrating immune cell function and phenotype. Lipid metabolic abnormalities such as increased fatty acid oxidation and de novo lipid synthesis can provide survival advantages for the tumor to resist chemotherapeutic and radiation treatments and alleviate cellular stresses involved in the metastatic cascade. In this review, we highlight recent literature that demonstrates how lipids can shape each part of the cancer lifecycle and show that there is significant potential for therapeutic intervention surrounding lipid metabolic and signaling pathways.
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11
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Butler LM, Perone Y, Dehairs J, Lupien LE, de Laat V, Talebi A, Loda M, Kinlaw WB, Swinnen JV. Lipids and cancer: Emerging roles in pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:245-293. [PMID: 32711004 PMCID: PMC7736102 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of effective tools to study lipids, including mass spectrometry-based lipidomics, lipids are emerging as central players in cancer biology. Lipids function as essential building blocks for membranes, serve as fuel to drive energy-demanding processes and play a key role as signaling molecules and as regulators of numerous cellular functions. Not unexpectedly, cancer cells, as well as other cell types in the tumor microenvironment, exploit various ways to acquire lipids and extensively rewire their metabolism as part of a plastic and context-dependent metabolic reprogramming that is driven by both oncogenic and environmental cues. The resulting changes in the fate and composition of lipids help cancer cells to thrive in a changing microenvironment by supporting key oncogenic functions and cancer hallmarks, including cellular energetics, promoting feedforward oncogenic signaling, resisting oxidative and other stresses, regulating intercellular communication and immune responses. Supported by the close connection between altered lipid metabolism and the pathogenic process, specific lipid profiles are emerging as unique disease biomarkers, with diagnostic, prognostic and predictive potential. Multiple preclinical studies illustrate the translational promise of exploiting lipid metabolism in cancer, and critically, have shown context dependent actionable vulnerabilities that can be rationally targeted, particularly in combinatorial approaches. Moreover, lipids themselves can be used as membrane disrupting agents or as key components of nanocarriers of various therapeutics. With a number of preclinical compounds and strategies that are approaching clinical trials, we are at the doorstep of exploiting a hitherto underappreciated hallmark of cancer and promising target in the oncologist's strategy to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Butler
- Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Ylenia Perone
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jonas Dehairs
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, KU Leuven Cancer Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leslie E Lupien
- Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 037560, USA
| | - Vincent de Laat
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, KU Leuven Cancer Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ali Talebi
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, KU Leuven Cancer Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Massimo Loda
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - William B Kinlaw
- The Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, KU Leuven Cancer Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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12
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Lu H, Guo T, Fan Y, Deng Z, Luo T, Li H. Effects of diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol from peanut oil and coconut oil on lipid metabolism in mice. J Food Sci 2020; 85:1907-1914. [PMID: 32421231 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Different chain lengths diacylglycerols (DAG) (long- and medium-chain) were synthesized from peanut and coconut oils. The effects of DAG with different chain lengths on body fat, blood lipids, and lipid metabolism-related enzymes in the liver and adipose tissue of C57BL/6J mice were investigated. Compared to peanut and coconut oils containing triacylglycerol (TAG), DAG-rich oils can significantly reduce the body weight, kidney weight, serum triglyceride (TG) content, hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS), and Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) enzyme levels (p < 0.05) in C57BL/6J mice. Therefore, the effect of coconut oil DAG on improving body fat metabolism was probably due to the impact of DAG. Meanwhile, the body weight and serum TG content in coconut oil DAG group were lower than those in peanut oil DAG group. In addition, the spleen weight, hepatic ACC, and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) enzymes in coconut oil DAG group (0.07 ± 0.01 g, 2.08 ± 0.42 ng/mg pro, and 18.44 ± 5.23 ng/mg pro, respectively) were significantly lower than those in peanut oil DAG group. Although coconut oil DAG and peanut oil DAG have different fatty acid compositions, their effects on lipid metabolism showed no significant changes. Coconut oil DAG (peanut oil DAG) showed the improved lipid metabolism than that of coconut oil (peanut oil), which was probably due to the effect of DAG. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Peanut and coconut oils are common edible oils. The oil containing DAG synthesized decreased the body weight and lipid accumulation in mice. Coconut oil is rich in medium-chain fatty acids, while peanut oil mainly consists of long-chain fatty acids. Due to the different contents of fatty acids, the synthesized structural lipids have different effects on lipid metabolism. Medium-chain triglycerides were considered as agents to alleviate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Yawei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Ting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
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13
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Santana-Codina N, Marcé-Grau A, Muixí L, Nieva C, Marro M, Sebastián D, Muñoz JP, Zorzano A, Sierra A. GRP94 Is Involved in the Lipid Phenotype of Brain Metastatic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163883. [PMID: 31395819 PMCID: PMC6720951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic adaptation may happen in response to the pressure exerted by the microenvironment and is a key step in survival of metastatic cells. Brain metastasis occurs as a consequence of the systemic dissemination of tumor cells, a fact that correlates with poor prognosis and high morbidity due to the difficulty in identifying biomarkers that allow a more targeted therapy. Previously, we performed transcriptomic analysis of human breast cancer patient samples and evaluated the differential expression of genes in brain metastasis (BrM) compared to lung, bone and liver metastasis. Our network approach identified upregulation of glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) as well as proteins related to synthesis of fatty acids (FA) in BrM. Here we report that BrM cells show an increase in FA content and decreased saturation with regard to parental cells measured by Raman spectroscopy that differentiate BrM from other metastases. Moreover, BrM cells exerted a high ability to oxidize FA and compensate hypoglycemic stress due to an overexpression of proteins involved in FA synthesis and degradation (SREBP-1, LXRα, ACOT7). GRP94 ablation restored glucose dependence, down-regulated ACOT7 and SREBP-1 and decreased tumorigenicity in vivo. In conclusion, GRP94 is required for the metabolic stress survival of BrM cells, and it might act as a modulator of lipid metabolism to favor BrM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Santana-Codina
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, E-08908 Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallés, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Marcé-Grau
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, E-08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Muixí
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, E-08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Nieva
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, E-08908 Barcelona, Spain
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Marro
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Sebastián
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Muñoz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angels Sierra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX-CRBC-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-IDIBAPS, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Tracz-Gaszewska Z, Dobrzyn P. Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 as a Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070948. [PMID: 31284458 PMCID: PMC6678606 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A distinctive feature of cancer cells of various origins involves alterations of the composition of lipids, with significant enrichment in monounsaturated fatty acids. These molecules, in addition to being structural components of newly formed cell membranes of intensely proliferating cancer cells, support tumorigenic signaling. An increase in the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), the enzyme that converts saturated fatty acids to ∆9-monounsaturated fatty acids, has been observed in a wide range of cancer cells, and this increase is correlated with cancer aggressiveness and poor outcomes for patients. Studies have demonstrated the involvement of SCD1 in the promotion of cancer cell proliferation, migration, metastasis, and tumor growth. Many studies have reported a role for this lipogenic factor in maintaining the characteristics of cancer stem cells (i.e., the population of cells that contributes to cancer progression and resistance to chemotherapy). Importantly, both the products of SCD1 activity and its direct impact on tumorigenic pathways have been demonstrated. Based on these findings, SCD1 appears to be a significant player in the development of malignant disease and may be a promising target for anticancer therapy. Numerous chemical compounds that exert inhibitory effects on SCD1 have been developed and preclinically tested. The present review summarizes our current knowledge of the ways in which SCD1 contributes to the progression of cancer and discusses opportunities and challenges of using SCD1 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Tracz-Gaszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Dobrzyn
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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15
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Mah EJ, Lefebvre AEYT, McGahey GE, Yee AF, Digman MA. Collagen density modulates triple-negative breast cancer cell metabolism through adhesion-mediated contractility. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17094. [PMID: 30459440 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3188427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) mechanical properties upregulate cancer invasion, cell contractility, and focal adhesion formation. Alteration in energy metabolism is a known characteristic of cancer cells (i.e., Warburg effect) and modulates cell invasion. There is little evidence to show if collagen density can alter cancer cell metabolism. We investigated changes in energy metabolism due to collagen density in five breast cell lines by measuring the fluorescence lifetime of NADH. We found that only triple-negative breast cancer cells, MDA-MB231 and MDA-MB468 cells, had an increased population of bound NADH, indicating an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) signature, as collagen density decreased. When inhibiting ROCK and cell contractility, MDA-MB231 cells on glass shifted from glycolysis (GLY) to OXPHOS, confirming the intricate relationship between mechanosensing and metabolism. MCF10A cells showed less significant changes in metabolism, shifting towards GLY as collagen density decreased. The MCF-7 and T-47D, less invasive breast cancer cells, compared to the MDA-MB231 and MDA-MB468 cells, showed no changes regardless of substrate. In addition, OXPHOS or GLY inhibitors in MDA-MB231 cells showed dramatic shifts from OXPHOS to GLY or vice versa. These results provide an important link between cellular metabolism, contractility, and collagen density in human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Mah
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Austin E Y T Lefebvre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Gabrielle E McGahey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Albert F Yee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Michelle A Digman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA.
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16
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Collagen density modulates triple-negative breast cancer cell metabolism through adhesion-mediated contractility. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17094. [PMID: 30459440 PMCID: PMC6244401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) mechanical properties upregulate cancer invasion, cell contractility, and focal adhesion formation. Alteration in energy metabolism is a known characteristic of cancer cells (i.e., Warburg effect) and modulates cell invasion. There is little evidence to show if collagen density can alter cancer cell metabolism. We investigated changes in energy metabolism due to collagen density in five breast cell lines by measuring the fluorescence lifetime of NADH. We found that only triple-negative breast cancer cells, MDA-MB231 and MDA-MB468 cells, had an increased population of bound NADH, indicating an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) signature, as collagen density decreased. When inhibiting ROCK and cell contractility, MDA-MB231 cells on glass shifted from glycolysis (GLY) to OXPHOS, confirming the intricate relationship between mechanosensing and metabolism. MCF10A cells showed less significant changes in metabolism, shifting towards GLY as collagen density decreased. The MCF-7 and T-47D, less invasive breast cancer cells, compared to the MDA-MB231 and MDA-MB468 cells, showed no changes regardless of substrate. In addition, OXPHOS or GLY inhibitors in MDA-MB231 cells showed dramatic shifts from OXPHOS to GLY or vice versa. These results provide an important link between cellular metabolism, contractility, and collagen density in human breast cancer.
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17
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Berglund AE, Scott KEN, Li W, Yang C, Fernandez MR, Schaub FX, Cleveland JL, Rounbehler RJ. Tristetraprolin disables prostate cancer maintenance by impairing proliferation and metabolic function. Oncotarget 2018; 7:83462-83475. [PMID: 27825143 PMCID: PMC5341258 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP) is an RNA-binding protein that post-transcriptionally suppresses gene expression by delivering mRNA cargo to processing bodies (P-bodies) where the mRNA is degraded. TTP functions as a tumor suppressor in a mouse model of B cell lymphoma, and in some human malignancies low TTP expression correlates with reduced survival. Here we report important prognostic and functional roles for TTP in human prostate cancer. First, gene expression analysis of prostate tumors revealed low TTP expression correlates with patients having high-risk Gleason scores and increased biochemical recurrence. Second, in prostate cancer cells with low levels of endogenous TTP, inducible TTP expression inhibits their growth and proliferation, as well as their clonogenic growth. Third, TTP functions as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer, as forced TTP expression markedly impairs the tumorigenic potential of prostate cancer cells in a mouse xenograft model. Finally, pathway analysis of gene expression data suggested metabolism is altered by TTP expression in prostate tumor cells, and metabolic analyses revealed that such processes are impaired by TTP, including mitochondrial respiration. Collectively, these findings suggest that TTP is an important prognostic indicator for prostate cancer, and augmenting TTP function would effectively disable the metabolism and proliferation of aggressive prostate tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders E Berglund
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Kristen E N Scott
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Chunying Yang
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Mario R Fernandez
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Franz X Schaub
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - John L Cleveland
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Robert J Rounbehler
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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18
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Glatzel DK, Koeberle A, Pein H, Löser K, Stark A, Keksel N, Werz O, Müller R, Bischoff I, Fürst R. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 regulates endothelial cell migration by shifting the phospholipid composition. J Lipid Res 2017; 59:298-311. [PMID: 29208696 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m080101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) plays a crucial role in fatty acid metabolism. In recent years, ACC has been recognized as a promising drug target for treating different diseases. However, the role of ACC in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) has been neglected so far. To characterize the role of ACC, we used the ACC inhibitor, soraphen A, as a chemical tool, and also a gene silencing approach. We found that ACC1 was the predominant isoform in human umbilical vein ECs as well as in human microvascular ECs and that soraphen A reduced the levels of malonyl-CoA. We revealed that ACC inhibition shifted the lipid composition of EC membranes. Accordingly, membrane fluidity, filopodia formation, and migratory capacity were reduced. The antimigratory action of soraphen A depended on an increase in the cellular proportion of PUFAs and, most importantly, on a decreased level of phosphatidylglycerol. Our study provides a causal link between ACC, membrane lipid composition, and cell migration in ECs. Soraphen A represents a useful chemical tool to investigate the role of fatty acid metabolism in ECs and ACC inhibition offers a new and valuable therapeutic perspective for the treatment of EC migration-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Glatzel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Biocenter, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Helmut Pein
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Konstantin Löser
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Anna Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Biocenter, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nelli Keksel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Iris Bischoff
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Biocenter, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Robert Fürst
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Biocenter, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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19
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Targeting de novo lipogenesis as a novel approach in anti-cancer therapy. Br J Cancer 2017; 118:43-51. [PMID: 29112683 PMCID: PMC5765225 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although altered membrane physiology has been discussed within the context of cancer, targeting membrane characteristics by drugs being an attractive therapeutic strategy has received little attention so far. Methods: Various acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), and fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibitors (like Soraphen A and Cerulenin) as well as genetic knockdown approaches were employed to study the effects of disturbed phospholipid composition on membrane properties and its functional impact on cancer progression. By using state-of-the-art methodologies such as LC-MS/MS, optical tweezers measurements of giant plasma membrane vesicles and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis, membrane characteristics were examined. Confocal laser scanning microscopy, proximity ligation assays, immunoblotting as well as migration, invasion and proliferation experiments unravelled the functional relevance of membrane properties in vitro and in vivo. Results: By disturbing the deformability and lateral fluidity of cellular membranes, the dimerisation, localisation and recycling of cancer-relevant transmembrane receptors is compromised. Consequently, impaired activation of growth factor receptor signalling cascades results in abrogated tumour growth and metastasis in different in vitro and in vivo models. Conclusions: This study highlights the field of membrane properties as a promising druggable cellular target representing an innovative strategy for development of anti-cancer agents.
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20
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Singh KB, Singh SV. Fatty Acid Synthesis Intermediates Represent Novel Noninvasive Biomarkers of Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention by Phenethyl Isothiocyanate. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2017; 10:279-289. [PMID: 28292742 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increased de novo synthesis of fatty acids is a distinctive feature of prostate cancer, which continues to be a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among American men. Therefore, inhibition of de novo fatty acid synthesis represents an attractive strategy for chemoprevention of prostate cancer. We have shown previously that dietary feeding of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a phytochemical derived from edible cruciferous vegetables such as watercress, inhibits incidence and burden of poorly differentiated prostate cancer in transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis of whether fatty acid intermediate(s) can serve as noninvasive biomarker(s) of prostate cancer chemoprevention by PEITC using archived plasma and tumor specimens from the TRAMP study as well as cellular models of prostate cancer. Exposure of prostate cancer cells (LNCaP and 22Rv1) to pharmacologic concentrations of PEITC resulted in downregulation of key fatty acid metabolism proteins, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A). The mRNA expression of FASN and CPT1A as well as acetyl-CoA levels were decreased by PEITC treatment in both cell lines. PEITC administration to TRAMP mice also resulted in a significant decrease in tumor expression of FASN protein. Consistent with these findings, the levels of total free fatty acids, total phospholipids, triglyceride, and ATP were significantly lower in the plasma and/or prostate tumors of PEITC-treated TRAMP mice compared with controls. The current study is the first to implicate inhibition of fatty acid synthesis in prostate cancer chemoprevention by PEITC. Cancer Prev Res; 10(5); 279-89. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna B Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shivendra V Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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21
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Igal RA. Stearoyl CoA desaturase-1: New insights into a central regulator of cancer metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1865-1880. [PMID: 27639967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The processes of cell proliferation, cell death and differentiation involve an intricate array of biochemical and morphological changes that require a finely tuned modulation of metabolic pathways, chiefly among them is fatty acid metabolism. The critical participation of stearoyl CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), the fatty acyl Δ9-desaturing enzyme that converts saturated fatty acids (SFA) into monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), in the mechanisms of replication and survival of mammalian cells, as well as their implication in the biological alterations of cancer have been actively investigated in recent years. This review examines the growing body of evidence that argues for a role of SCD1 as a central regulator of the complex synchronization of metabolic and signaling events that control cellular metabolism, cell cycle progression, survival, differentiation and transformation to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ariel Igal
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY, United States.
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22
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Kinlaw WB, Baures PW, Lupien LE, Davis WL, Kuemmerle NB. Fatty Acids and Breast Cancer: Make Them on Site or Have Them Delivered. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2128-41. [PMID: 26844415 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brisk fatty acid (FA) production by cancer cells is accommodated by the Warburg effect. Most breast and other cancer cell types are addicted to fatty acids (FA), which they require for membrane phospholipid synthesis, signaling purposes, and energy production. Expression of the enzymes required for FA synthesis is closely linked to each of the major classes of signaling molecules that stimulate BC cell proliferation. This review focuses on the regulation of FA synthesis in BC cells, and the impact of FA, or the lack thereof, on the tumor cell phenotype. Given growing awareness of the impact of dietary fat and obesity on BC biology, we will also examine the less-frequently considered notion that, in addition to de novo FA synthesis, the lipolytic uptake of preformed FA may also be an important mechanism of lipid acquisition. Indeed, it appears that cancer cells may exist at different points along a "lipogenic-lipolytic axis," and FA uptake could thwart attempts to exploit the strict requirement for FA focused solely on inhibition of de novo FA synthesis. Strategies for clinically targeting FA metabolism will be discussed, and the current status of the medicinal chemistry in this area will be assessed. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2128-2141, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Kinlaw
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Paul W Baures
- Department of Chemistry, Keene State University, Keene, New Hampshire
| | - Leslie E Lupien
- The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Wilson L Davis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Nancy B Kuemmerle
- The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, White River Junction VAMC, White River Junction, Vermont
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23
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Schaffer BE, Levin RS, Hertz NT, Maures TJ, Schoof ML, Hollstein PE, Benayoun BA, Banko MR, Shaw RJ, Shokat KM, Brunet A. Identification of AMPK Phosphorylation Sites Reveals a Network of Proteins Involved in Cell Invasion and Facilitates Large-Scale Substrate Prediction. Cell Metab 2015; 22:907-21. [PMID: 26456332 PMCID: PMC4635044 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a central energy gauge that regulates metabolism and has been increasingly involved in non-metabolic processes and diseases. However, AMPK's direct substrates in non-metabolic contexts are largely unknown. To better understand the AMPK network, we use a chemical genetics screen coupled to a peptide capture approach in whole cells, resulting in identification of direct AMPK phosphorylation sites. Interestingly, the high-confidence AMPK substrates contain many proteins involved in cell motility, adhesion, and invasion. AMPK phosphorylation of the RHOA guanine nucleotide exchange factor NET1A inhibits extracellular matrix degradation, an early step in cell invasion. The identification of direct AMPK phosphorylation sites also facilitates large-scale prediction of AMPK substrates. We provide an AMPK motif matrix and a pipeline to predict additional AMPK substrates from quantitative phosphoproteomics datasets. As AMPK is emerging as a critical node in aging and pathological processes, our study identifies potential targets for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany E Schaffer
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rebecca S Levin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nicholas T Hertz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Travis J Maures
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael L Schoof
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Pablo E Hollstein
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Max R Banko
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kevan M Shokat
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Anne Brunet
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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24
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Ueno H, Tomiyama A, Yamaguchi H, Uekita T, Shirakihara T, Nakashima K, Otani N, Wada K, Sakai R, Arai H, Mori K. Augmentation of invadopodia formation in temozolomide-resistant or adopted glioma is regulated by c-Jun terminal kinase-paxillin axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:240-7. [PMID: 26518652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is one of the few effective anticancer agents against gliomas. However, acquisition of TMZ resistance or adaptation by gliomas is currently a crucial problem, especially increased invasiveness which is critical for the determination of clinical prognosis. This study investigated the molecular regulatory mechanisms of TMZ resistance in gliomas involved in invasiveness, particularly invadopodia formation, a molecular complex formed at the invasive front to cause extracellular matrix degradation during cellular local invasion. The TMZ-resistant clone of the U343 MG human glioma cell line (U343-R cells) was established. U343-R cells demonstrated higher invadopodia formation compared with U343 cells without TMZ resistance (U343-Con cells). Immunoblot analysis of DNA damage-related mitogen-activated protein kinase signals found increased phosphorylation of c-Jun terminal kinase (JNK) and higher activation of its downstream signaling in U343-R cells compared with U343-Con cells. Treatment of U343-R cells with specific inhibitors of JNK or siRNA targeting JNK suppressed up-regulation of invadopodia formation. In addition, paxillin, one of the known JNK effectors which is phosphorylated and affects cell migration, was phosphorylated at serine 178 in JNK activity-dependent manner. Expression of paxillin with mutation of the serine 178 phosphorylation site in U343-R cells blocked invadopodia formation. The present findings suggest that increased formation of invadopodia in U343-R cells is mediated by hyperactivation of JNK-paxillin signaling, and both JNK and paxillin might become targets of novel therapies against TMZ-resistant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Ueno
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; Division of Metastasis and Invasion Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Arata Tomiyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; Division of Metastasis and Invasion Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Hideki Yamaguchi
- Division of Metastasis and Invasion Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takamasa Uekita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy, 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan
| | - Takuya Shirakihara
- Division of Metastasis and Invasion Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Nakashima
- Division of Metastasis and Invasion Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Naoki Otani
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Kojiro Wada
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sakai
- Division of Metastasis and Invasion Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hajime Arai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mori
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
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25
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Gould CM, Courtneidge SA. Regulation of invadopodia by the tumor microenvironment. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 8:226-35. [PMID: 24714597 DOI: 10.4161/cam.28346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment consists of stromal cells, extracellular matrix (ECM), and signaling molecules that communicate with cancer cells. As tumors grow and develop, the tumor microenvironment changes. In addition, the tumor microenvironment is not only influenced by signals from tumor cells, but also stromal components contribute to tumor progression and metastasis by affecting cancer cell function. One of the mechanisms that cancer cells use to invade and metastasize is mediated by actin-rich, proteolytic structures called invadopodia. Here, we discuss how signals from the tumor environment, including growth factors, hypoxia, pH, metabolism, and stromal cell interactions, affect the formation and function of invadopodia to regulate cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Understanding how the tumor microenvironment affects invadopodia biology could aid in the development of effective therapeutics to target cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Gould
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program; Cancer Center; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Sara A Courtneidge
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program; Cancer Center; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; La Jolla, CA USA
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26
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Tsouko E, Wang J, Frigo DE, Aydoğdu E, Williams C. miR-200a inhibits migration of triple-negative breast cancer cells through direct repression of the EPHA2 oncogene. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:1051-60. [PMID: 26088362 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by aggressiveness and affects 10-20% of breast cancer patients. Since TNBC lacks expression of ERα, PR and HER2, existing targeted treatments are not effective and the survival is poor. In this study, we demonstrate that the tumor suppressor microRNA miR-200a directly regulates the oncogene EPH receptor A2 (EPHA2) and modulates TNBC migration. We show that EPHA2 expression is correlated with poor survival specifically in basal-like breast cancer and that its expression is repressed by miR-200a through direct interaction with the 3'UTR of EPHA2. This regulation subsequently affects the downstream activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and results in decreased cell migration of TNBC. We establish that miR-200a directs cell migration in a dual manner; in addition to regulating the well-characterized E-cadherin pathway it also regulates a EPHA2 pathway. The miR-200a-EPHA2 axis is a novel mechanism highlighting the possibility of utilizing miR-200a delivery to target TNBC metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrosini Tsouko
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Daniel E Frigo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204, USA, Genomic Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA and
| | - Eylem Aydoğdu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204, USA, Present address: Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cecilia Williams
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204, USA, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Pathway crosstalk analysis of microarray gene expression profile in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2014; 21:563-9. [PMID: 25480734 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9855-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third most common cause of cancer death in the world. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main pathological types in liver cancer, which amounts to 70-85 % of primary liver cancer in the world and 90 % in China. The aim of this study was to establish a PPI network and a pathway crosstalk network to isolate important dysfunctional pathways which play an important role in the pathogenesis of HCC. System biology approach was used in this research. A PPI network was firstly built and then a dysfunctional crosstalk network of HCC related pathways was constructed. Several important significant dysfunctional crosstalk pathways were identified. Basal transcription factors (hsa03022), Glycerophospholipid metabolism (hsa00564) and Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 (hsa00980) were significantly interact with Pathway in cancer (hsa05200). Besides, pathway Axon guidance (hsa04360) was also dysfunctional crosstalk with Pathway in cancer (hsa05200). The crosstalks among these pathways reveal some evidence that the pathways closely cooperated and play important tasks in HCC progression. Besides, the pathway hsa04360 dysfunctional crosstalk with the hsa05200 indicates there would be a same mechanism for HCC invasion and migration.
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28
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Mimeault M, Batra SK. Altered gene products involved in the malignant reprogramming of cancer stem/progenitor cells and multitargeted therapies. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 39:3-32. [PMID: 23994756 PMCID: PMC3938987 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies in the field of cancer stem cells have revealed that the alterations in key gene products involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program, altered metabolic pathways such as enhanced glycolysis, lipogenesis and/or autophagy and treatment resistance may occur in cancer stem/progenitor cells and their progenies during cancer progression. Particularly, the sustained activation of diverse developmental cascades such as hedgehog, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/TGF-βR receptors and/or stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) can play critical functions for high self-renewal potential, survival, invasion and metastases of cancer stem/progenitor cells and their progenies. It has also been observed that cancer cells may be reprogrammed to re-express different pluripotency-associated stem cell-like markers such as Myc, Oct-3/4, Nanog and Sox-2 along the EMT process and under stressful and hypoxic conditions. Moreover, the enhanced expression and/or activities of some drug resistance-associated molecules such as Bcl-2, Akt/molecular target of rapamycin (mTOR), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) multidrug transporters frequently occur in cancer cells during cancer progression and metastases. These molecular events may cooperate for the survival and acquisition of a more aggressive and migratory behavior by cancer stem/progenitor cells and their progenies during cancer transition to metastatic and recurrent disease states. Of therapeutic interest, these altered gene products may also be exploited as molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets to develop novel multitargeted strategies for improving current cancer therapies and preventing disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Mimeault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Cancer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Cancer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
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29
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Cunnick JM, Kim S, Hadsell J, Collins S, Cerra C, Reiser P, Flynn DC, Cho Y. Actin filament-associated protein 1 is required for cSrc activity and secretory activation in the lactating mammary gland. Oncogene 2014; 34:2640-9. [PMID: 25043309 PMCID: PMC4302073 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Actin filament-associated protein 1 (AFAP1) is an adaptor protein of cSrc that binds to filamentous actin and regulates the activity of this tyrosine kinase to affect changes to the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. In breast and prostate cancer cells, AFAP1 has been shown to regulate cellular responses requiring actin cytoskeletal changes such as adhesion, invadopodia formation and invasion. However, a normal physiologic role for AFAP1 has remained elusive. In this study, we generated an AFAP1 knockout mouse model that establishes a novel physiologic role for AFAP1 in lactation. Specifically, these animals displayed a defect in lactation that resulted in an inability to nurse efficiently. Histologically, the mammary glands of the lactating knockout mice were distinguished by the accumulation of large cytoplasmic lipid droplets in the alveolar epithelial cells. There was a reduction in lipid synthesis and the expression of lipogenic genes without a corresponding reduction in the production of β-casein, a milk protein. Furthermore, these defects were associated with histologic and biochemical signs of precocious involution. This study also demonstrated that AFAP1 responds to prolactin, a lactogenic hormone, by forming a complex with cSrc and becoming tyrosine phosphorylated. Taken together, these observations pointed to a defect in secretory activation. Certain characteristics of this phenotype mirrored the defect in secretory activation in the cSrc knockout mouse, but most importantly, the activity of cSrc in the mammary gland was reduced during early lactation in the AFAP1-null mouse and the localization of active cSrc at the apical surface of luminal epithelial cells during lactation was selectively lost in the absence of AFAP1. These data define, for the first time, the requirement of AFAP1 for the spatial and temporal regulation of cSrc activity in the normal breast, specifically for milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Cunnick
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Commonwealth Medical College, Scranton, PA, USA
| | - S Kim
- Graduate School of Medicine, The Commonwealth Medical College, Scranton, PA, USA
| | - J Hadsell
- Fortis Institute Scranton, Scranton, PA, USA
| | - S Collins
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Commonwealth Medical College, Scranton, PA, USA
| | - C Cerra
- Department of Pathology, Pocono Health System, East Stroudsburg, PA, USA
| | - P Reiser
- Department of Pathology, Pocono Health System, East Stroudsburg, PA, USA
| | - D C Flynn
- College of Health Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Y Cho
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Commonwealth Medical College, Scranton, PA, USA
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30
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Wakamiya T, Suzuki SO, Hamasaki H, Honda H, Mizoguchi M, Yoshimoto K, Iwaki T. Elevated expression of fatty acid synthase and nuclear localization of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C are common among human gliomas. Neuropathology 2014; 34:465-74. [PMID: 24984811 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C (CPT1C), a brain-specific isoform of the CPT1 family, are upregulated in certain types of cancers, including gliomas. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis, and its phosphorylated form inhibits lipid synthesis. We examined the expression and subcellular localization of these fatty acid metabolism-related molecules in human gliomas. We performed immunostaining of two glioma cell lines (U373MG and U87MG) and 41 surgical specimens of diffuse gliomas with various histological grades (21 with the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1(IDH1) R132H mutation and 20 without the mutation). In the cultured glioma cells, CPT1C and phosphorylated ACC (p-ACC) were mainly localized to the nuclei, whereas FASN localized to the cytoplasm. In the surgical specimens, most glioma tissues showed nuclear staining for CPT1C and p-ACC, and cytoplasmic staining for FASN, regardless of the genetic status of IDH1 and the histological grade. Therefore, elevated cytoplasmic expression of FASN and nuclear localization of CPT1C are common among human diffuse gliomas, which may be regulated by the differential phosphorylation status of ACC in the cellular compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomihiro Wakamiya
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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31
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Mounier C, Bouraoui L, Rassart E. Lipogenesis in cancer progression (review). Int J Oncol 2014; 45:485-92. [PMID: 24827738 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In normal tissues, energy-providing lipids come principally from circulating lipids. However, in growing tumors, energy supply is mainly provided by lipids coming from de novo synthesis. It is not surprising to see elevated expression of several lipogenic genes in tumors from different origins. The role of lipogenic genes in the establishment of the primary tumor has been clearly established. A large number of studies demonstrate a role of fatty acid synthase in the activation of cell cycle and inhibition of apoptosis in tumor cells. Other lipogenic genes such as the acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) and the stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) are highly expressed in primary tumors and also appear to play a role in their development. However, the role of lipogenesis in the metastatic process is less clear. In the present review, we aim to present the most recent evidences for the key role of lipogenic enzymes in the metastatic process and in epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lamia Bouraoui
- Biomed-Biological Sciences Department, UQÀM, Montréal, PQ, Canada
| | - Eric Rassart
- Biomed-Biological Sciences Department, UQÀM, Montréal, PQ, Canada
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32
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Memmel S, Sukhorukov VL, Höring M, Westerling K, Fiedler V, Katzer A, Krohne G, Flentje M, Djuzenova CS. Cell surface area and membrane folding in glioblastoma cell lines differing in PTEN and p53 status. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87052. [PMID: 24498019 PMCID: PMC3909012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is characterized by rapid growth, invasion and resistance to chemo−/radiotherapy. The complex cell surface morphology with abundant membrane folds, microvilli, filopodia and other membrane extensions is believed to contribute to the highly invasive behavior and therapy resistance of GBM cells. The present study addresses the mechanisms leading to the excessive cell membrane area in five GBM lines differing in mutational status for PTEN and p53. In addition to scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the membrane area and folding were quantified by dielectric measurements of membrane capacitance using the single-cell electrorotation (ROT) technique. The osmotic stability and volume regulation of GBM cells were analyzed by video microscopy. The expression of PTEN, p53, mTOR and several other marker proteins involved in cell growth and membrane synthesis were examined by Western blotting. The combined SEM, ROT and osmotic data provided independent lines of evidence for a large variability in membrane area and folding among tested GBM lines. Thus, DK-MG cells (wild type p53 and wild type PTEN) exhibited the lowest degree of membrane folding, probed by the area-specific capacitance Cm = 1.9 µF/cm2. In contrast, cell lines carrying mutations in both p53 and PTEN (U373-MG and SNB19) showed the highest Cm values of 3.7–4.0 µF/cm2, which corroborate well with their heavily villated cell surface revealed by SEM. Since PTEN and p53 are well-known inhibitors of mTOR, the increased membrane area/folding in mutant GBM lines may be related to the enhanced protein and lipid synthesis due to a deregulation of the mTOR-dependent downstream signaling pathway. Given that membrane folds and extensions are implicated in tumor cell motility and metastasis, the dielectric approach presented here provides a rapid and simple tool for screening the biophysical cell properties in studies on targeting chemo- or radiotherapeutically the migration and invasion of GBM and other tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Memmel
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie und Biophysik, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir L. Sukhorukov
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie und Biophysik, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (VLS); (CSD)
| | - Marcus Höring
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie und Biophysik, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katherine Westerling
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie und Biophysik, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Fiedler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Katzer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georg Krohne
- Elektronenmikroskopie, Biozentrum, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Flentje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cholpon S. Djuzenova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (VLS); (CSD)
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33
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Agostini M, Almeida LY, Bastos DC, Ortega RM, Moreira FS, Seguin F, Zecchin KG, Raposo HF, Oliveira HCF, Amoêdo ND, Salo T, Coletta RD, Graner E. The fatty acid synthase inhibitor orlistat reduces the growth and metastasis of orthotopic tongue oral squamous cell carcinomas. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 13:585-95. [PMID: 24362464 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is the biosynthetic enzyme responsible for the endogenous synthesis of fatty acids. It is downregulated in most normal cells, except in lipogenic tissues such as liver, lactating breast, fetal lung, and adipose tissue. Conversely, several human cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), overexpress FASN, which has been associated with poor prognosis and recently suggested as a metabolic oncoprotein. Orlistat is an irreversible inhibitor of FASN activity with cytotoxic properties on several cancer cell lines that inhibits tumor progression and metastasis in prostate cancer xenografts and experimental melanomas, respectively. To explore whether the inhibition of FASN could impact oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) metastatic spread, an orthotopic model was developed by the implantation of SCC-9 ZsGreen LN-1 cells into the tongue of BALB/c nude mice. These cells were isolated through in vivo selection, show a more invasive behavior in vitro than the parental cells, and generate orthotopic tumors that spontaneously metastasize to cervical lymph nodes in 10 to 15 days only. SCC-9 ZsGreen LN-1 cells also exhibit enhanced production of MMP-2, ERBB2, and CDH2. The treatment with orlistat reduced proliferation and migration, promoted apoptosis, and stimulated the secretion of VEGFA165b by SCC-9 ZsGreen LN-1 cells. In vivo, the drug was able to decrease both the volume and proliferation indexes of the tongue orthotopic tumors and, importantly, reduced the number of metastatic cervical lymph nodes by 43%. These results suggest that FASN is a potential molecular target for the chemotherapy of patients with OTSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Agostini
- Corresponding Author: Edgard Graner, Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Avenida Limeira 901, CP 52, Areão, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-018, Brazil.
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Baumann J, Sevinsky C, Conklin DS. Lipid biology of breast cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:1509-17. [PMID: 23562840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in lipid metabolism have been reported in many types of cancer. Lipids have been implicated in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, autophagy, motility and membrane homeostasis. It is required that their biosynthesis is tightly regulated to ensure homeostasis and to prevent unnecessary energy expenditure. This review focuses on the emerging understanding of the role of lipids and lipogenic pathway regulation in breast cancer, including parallels drawn from the study of metabolic disease models, and suggestions on how these findings can potentially be exploited to promote gains in HER2/neu-positive breast cancer research. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Lipid Metabolism in Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Baumann
- Cancer Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
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van Horssen R, Buccione R, Willemse M, Cingir S, Wieringa B, Attanasio F. Cancer cell metabolism regulates extracellular matrix degradation by invadopodia. Eur J Cell Biol 2013; 92:113-21. [PMID: 23306026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transformed cancer cells have an altered metabolism, characterized by a shift towards aerobic glycolysis, referred to as 'the Warburg phenotype'. A change in flux through mitochondrial OXPHOS and cytosolic pathways for ATP production and a gain of capacity for biomass production in order to sustain the needs for altered growth and morphodynamics are typically involved in this global rewiring of cancer cell metabolism. Characteristically, these changes in metabolism are accompanied by enhanced uptake of nutrients like glucose and glutamine. Here we focus on the relationship between cell metabolism and cell dynamics, in particular the formation and function of invadopodia, specialized structures for focal degradation of the extracellular matrix. Since we recently found presence of enzymes that are active in glycolysis and associated pathways in invadopodia, we hypothesize that metabolic adaptation and invadopodia formation are linked processes. We give an overview on the background for this idea and show for the first time that extracellular matrix degradation by invadopodia can be differentially manipulated, without effects on cell proliferation, by use of metabolic inhibitors or changes in nutrient composition of cell culture media. We conclude that cell metabolism and carbohydrate availability, especially pyruvate, are involved in fuelling of invadopodia formation and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco van Horssen
- Department of Cell Biology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences (NCMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Weaver AM, Page JM, Guelcher SA, Parekh A. Synthetic and tissue-derived models for studying rigidity effects on invadopodia activity. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1046:171-189. [PMID: 23868588 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-538-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Invasion by cancer cells through the extracellular matrix (ECM) of tissues is a critical step in cancer progression and metastasis. Actin-rich subcellular protrusions known as invadopodia are thought to facilitate this process by localizing proteinases which degrade the ECM and allow for cancer cell penetration. We have shown in vitro that invadopodia activity is regulated by the rigidity of the ECM, which suggests that matrix remodeling in vivo may also be regulated by the mechanical properties of tissues. In order to study rigidity effects on invadopodia activity in a controlled manner, we have developed assays in which we have conjugated degradable fluorescent matrix molecules to tunable synthetic substrates. In addition, we have also utilized ex vivo tissue-derived substrates to corroborate our findings. In this chapter, we present detailed protocols describing the synthesis and preparation of our synthetic substrates, polyacrylamide gels and polyurethane elastomers, for use in these matrix degradation assays as well as the steps required to utilize our tissue-derived substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa M Weaver
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Yan X, Pepper MP, Vatamaniuk MZ, Roneker CA, Li L, Lei XG. Dietary selenium deficiency partially rescues type 2 diabetes-like phenotypes of glutathione peroxidase-1-overexpressing male mice. J Nutr 2012; 142:1975-82. [PMID: 23014491 PMCID: PMC3497934 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.164764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine whether dietary Se deficiency precluded overproduction of glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1) activity in mice overexpressing (OE) this gene and thus rescued their type 2 diabetes-like phenotypes. A total of 20 male OE and wild-type (WT) mice were fed an Se-deficient (<0.02 mg/kg) diet or an Se-supplemented (0.3 mg/kg as sodium selenite) diet from 1 to 5 mo of age. Dietary Se deficiency eliminated or attenuated (P < 0.05) genotype differences in concentrations of blood glucose, plasma insulin, and/or hepatic lipids, insulin sensitivity, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion at the end of the study. Dietary Se deficiency decreased (P < 0.05) OE islet mRNA levels of 2 key transcriptional activators (Beta2 and Foxa2) and removed genotype differences in islet mRNA levels of 7 genes (Beta2, Cfos, Foxa2, Pregluc, Ins1, p53, and Sur1) related to insulin synthesis and secretion. Compared with those of the Se-adequate OE mice, the Se-deficient OE mice had lower (P < 0.05) hepatic mRNA levels of 2 key rate-limiting enzymes for lipogenesis (Acc1) and glycolysis (Gk1), along with lower (P < 0.05) activities of hepatic glucokinase and muscle phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Dietary Se deficiency also decreased (P < 0.05) blood glucose and hepatic lipid concentrations in the WT mice. In conclusion, dietary Se deficiency precluded the overproduction of GPX1 in full-fed OE mice and partially rescued their metabolic syndromes. This alleviation resulted from modulating the expression and/or function of proinsulin genes, lipogenesis rate-limiting enzyme genes, and key glycolysis and gluconeogenesis enzymes in islets, liver, and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yan
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; and
| | | | | | - Carol A. Roneker
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; and
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ithaca, NY
| | - Xin Gen Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; and,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Structure and function of biotin-dependent carboxylases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 70:863-91. [PMID: 22869039 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1096-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biotin-dependent carboxylases include acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC), 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCC), geranyl-CoA carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase (PC), and urea carboxylase (UC). They contain biotin carboxylase (BC), carboxyltransferase (CT), and biotin-carboxyl carrier protein components. These enzymes are widely distributed in nature and have important functions in fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, polyketide biosynthesis, urea utilization, and other cellular processes. ACCs are also attractive targets for drug discovery against type 2 diabetes, obesity, cancer, microbial infections, and other diseases, and the plastid ACC of grasses is the target of action of three classes of commercial herbicides. Deficiencies in the activities of PCC, MCC, or PC are linked to serious diseases in humans. Our understanding of these enzymes has been greatly enhanced over the past few years by the crystal structures of the holoenzymes of PCC, MCC, PC, and UC. The structures reveal unanticipated features in the architectures of the holoenzymes, including the presence of previously unrecognized domains, and provide a molecular basis for understanding their catalytic mechanism as well as the large collection of disease-causing mutations in PCC, MCC, and PC. This review will summarize the recent advances in our knowledge on the structure and function of these important metabolic enzymes.
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Bowlby SC, Thomas MJ, D’Agostino RB, Kridel SJ. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (Nampt) is required for de novo lipogenesis in tumor cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40195. [PMID: 22768255 PMCID: PMC3387004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells have increased metabolic requirements to maintain rapid growth. In particular, a highly lipogenic phenotype is a hallmark of many tumor types, including prostate. Cancer cells also have increased turnover of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a coenzyme involved in multiple metabolic pathways. However, a specific role for NAD+ in tumor cell lipogenesis has yet to be described. Our studies demonstrate a novel role for the NAD+-biosynthetic enzyme Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) in maintaining de novo lipogenesis in prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Inhibition of Nampt reduces fatty acid and phospholipid synthesis. In particular, short chain saturated fatty acids and the phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipids into which these fatty acids are incorporated were specifically reduced by Nampt inhibition. Nampt blockade resulted in reduced ATP levels and concomitant activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). In spite of this, pharmacological inhibition of AMPK was not sufficient to fully restore fatty acid synthesis. Rather, Nampt blockade also induced protein hyperacetylation in PC-3, DU145, and LNCaP cells, which correlated with the observed decreases in lipid synthesis. Moreover, the sirtuin inhibitor Sirtinol, and the simultaneous knockdown of SIRT1 and SIRT3, phenocopied the effects of Nampt inhibition on fatty acid synthesis. Altogether, these data reveal a novel role for Nampt in the regulation of de novo lipogenesis through the modulation of sirtuin activity in PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Bowlby
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ralph B. D’Agostino
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Steven J. Kridel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yamaguchi H. Pathological roles of invadopodia in cancer invasion and metastasis. Eur J Cell Biol 2012; 91:902-7. [PMID: 22658792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia are actin-rich membrane protrusions formed by invasive cancer cells. Invadopodia mediate the focal degradation of pericellular extracellular matrix (ECM) by the localized proteolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Over the last 2 decades, much progress has been made in identifying the molecular components of invadopodia and understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying their formation. Although the physiological and pathological roles of invadopodia have long been elusive, emerging evidence has begun to reveal their importance in local invasion during cancer metastasis. This review highlights recent findings on the roles of invadopodia in cancer invasion and metastasis and discusses the possibility of and strategies for targeting invadopodia formation for the development of novel anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Yamaguchi
- Division of Metastasis and Invasion Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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