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Zeder K, Siew ED, Kovacs G, Brittain EL, Maron BA. Pulmonary hypertension and chronic kidney disease: prevalence, pathophysiology and outcomes. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024:10.1038/s41581-024-00857-7. [PMID: 38890546 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00857-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or kidney failure, with an estimated prevalence of up to 78% in those referred for right-heart catheterization. PH is independently associated with adverse outcomes in CKD, raising the possibility that early detection and appropriate management of PH might improve outcomes in at-risk patients. Among patients with PH, the prevalence of CKD stages 3 and 4 is estimated to be as high as 36%, and CKD is also independently associated with adverse outcomes. However, the complex, heterogenous pathophysiology and clinical profile of CKD-PH requires further characterization. CKD is often associated with elevated left ventricular filling pressure and volume overload, which presumably leads to pulmonary vascular stiffening and post-capillary PH. By contrast, a distinct subgroup of patients at high risk is characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricular dysfunction in the absence of pulmonary venous hypertension, which may represent a right-sided cardiorenal syndrome defined in principle by hypervolaemia, salt avidity, low cardiac output and normal left ventricular function. Current understanding of CKD-PH is limited, despite its potentially important ramifications for clinical decision making. In particular, whether PH should be considered when determining the suitability and timing of kidney replacement therapy or kidney transplantation is unclear. More research is urgently needed to address these knowledge gaps and improve the outcomes of patients with or at risk of CKD-PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Zeder
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- The University of Maryland-Institute for Health Computing, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edward D Siew
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease and Integrated Program for Acute Kidney Injury, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gabor Kovacs
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Evan L Brittain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bradley A Maron
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- The University of Maryland-Institute for Health Computing, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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2
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Kulikauskas MR, Oatley M, Yu T, Liu Z, Matsumura L, Kidder E, Ruter D, Bautch VL. Endothelial cell SMAD6 balances Alk1 function to regulate adherens junctions and hepatic vascular development. Development 2023; 150:dev201811. [PMID: 37787089 PMCID: PMC10629679 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BMP signaling is crucial to blood vessel formation and function, but how pathway components regulate vascular development is not well-understood. Here, we find that inhibitory SMAD6 functions in endothelial cells to negatively regulate ALK1-mediated responses, and it is required to prevent vessel dysmorphogenesis and hemorrhage in the embryonic liver vasculature. Reduced Alk1 gene dosage rescued embryonic hepatic hemorrhage and microvascular capillarization induced by Smad6 deletion in endothelial cells in vivo. At the cellular level, co-depletion of Smad6 and Alk1 rescued the destabilized junctions and impaired barrier function of endothelial cells depleted for SMAD6 alone. Mechanistically, blockade of actomyosin contractility or increased PI3K signaling rescued endothelial junction defects induced by SMAD6 loss. Thus, SMAD6 normally modulates ALK1 function in endothelial cells to regulate PI3K signaling and contractility, and SMAD6 loss increases signaling through ALK1 that disrupts endothelial cell junctions. ALK1 loss-of-function also disrupts vascular development and function, indicating that balanced ALK1 signaling is crucial for proper vascular development and identifying ALK1 as a 'Goldilocks' pathway in vascular biology that requires a certain signaling amplitude, regulated by SMAD6, to function properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly R. Kulikauskas
- Cell Biology and Physiology Curriculum, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Morgan Oatley
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tianji Yu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ziqing Liu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lauren Matsumura
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Elise Kidder
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dana Ruter
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Victoria L. Bautch
- Cell Biology and Physiology Curriculum, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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3
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Kulikauskas MR, Oatley M, Yu T, Liu Z, Matsumura L, Kidder E, Ruter D, Bautch VL. Endothelial Cell SMAD6 Balances ACVRL1/Alk1 Function to Regulate Adherens Junctions and Hepatic Vascular Development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.23.534007. [PMID: 36993438 PMCID: PMC10055411 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.23.534007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BMP signaling is critical to blood vessel formation and function, but how pathway components regulate vascular development is not well-understood. Here we find that inhibitory SMAD6 functions in endothelial cells to negatively regulate ALK1/ACVRL1-mediated responses, and it is required to prevent vessel dysmorphogenesis and hemorrhage in the embryonic liver vasculature. Reduced Alk1 gene dosage rescued embryonic hepatic hemorrhage and microvascular capillarization induced by Smad6 deletion in endothelial cells in vivo . At the cellular level, co-depletion of Smad6 and Alk1 rescued the destabilized junctions and impaired barrier function of endothelial cells depleted for SMAD6 alone. At the mechanistic level, blockade of actomyosin contractility or increased PI3K signaling rescued endothelial junction defects induced by SMAD6 loss. Thus, SMAD6 normally modulates ALK1 function in endothelial cells to regulate PI3K signaling and contractility, and SMAD6 loss increases signaling through ALK1 that disrupts endothelial junctions. ALK1 loss-of-function also disrupts vascular development and function, indicating that balanced ALK1 signaling is crucial for proper vascular development and identifying ALK1 as a "Goldilocks" pathway in vascular biology regulated by SMAD6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly R Kulikauskas
- Cell Biology and Physiology Curriculum, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Morgan Oatley
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Tianji Yu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Ziqing Liu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Lauren Matsumura
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Elise Kidder
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Dana Ruter
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Cell Biology and Physiology Curriculum, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
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4
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Estienne A, Relav L, Benkoura M, Monniaux D, Morin F, Fabre S, Price CA. Endothelial cell-derived fibroblast growth factor-18 regulates ovarian function in sheep. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2528-2538. [PMID: 35315069 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Increasing the efficiency of farm animal reproduction is necessary to reduce the environmental impact of food production systems. One approach is to increase the number of healthy eggs (oocytes) produced per female for fertilization, thus it is important to understand factors that decrease oocyte health. One paracrine factor that decreases ovarian follicle growth is fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF18) secreted by cells in the theca layer of the ovarian follicle, however the factors that regulate FGF18 secretion are unknown. In this study we hypothesized that FGF18 secretion is controled by intrafollicular factors and is linked to fertility, which we tested by using cell culture and sheep genetic models in vivo. Separation of theca cell populations revealed that FGF18 messenger RNA (mRNA) is located mainly in thecal endothelial rather than endocrine cells, and immunohistochemistry localized FGF18 protein to microvessels in the theca layer in situ. Culture of ovine theca-derived endothelial cells was used to demonstrate stimulation of FGF18 mRNA and protein abundance by bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), a growth factor derived from theca endocrine cells. Taking advantage of a sheep genetic model, we demonstrate reduced ovarian and peripheral FGF18 concentrations in the hyperprolific Booroola ewe harboring the FecBB mutation in BMPR1B. These data suggest a novel control of fertility by follicular endothelial cells, in which theca endocrine cells secrete BMP4 that stimulates the secretion of FGF18 from thecal endothelial cells, which in turn diffuses into the granulosa cell layer and promotes apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Estienne
- Département de biomédecine vétérinaire, Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité (CRRF), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada.,Physiologie Animale et Système d'Elevage, UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRAE Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Lauriane Relav
- Département de biomédecine vétérinaire, Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité (CRRF), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Morad Benkoura
- Département de biomédecine vétérinaire, Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité (CRRF), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Danielle Monniaux
- Physiologie Animale et Système d'Elevage, UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRAE Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Fanny Morin
- Département de biomédecine vétérinaire, Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité (CRRF), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Fabre
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Christopher A Price
- Département de biomédecine vétérinaire, Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité (CRRF), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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5
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Desroches-Castan A, Tillet E, Bouvard C, Bailly S. BMP9 and BMP10: two close vascular quiescence partners that stand out. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:178-197. [PMID: 34240497 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are dimeric transforming growth factor ß (TGFß) family cytokines that were first described in bone and cartilage formation but have since been shown to be involved in many pleiotropic functions. In human, there are 15 BMP ligands, which initiate their cellular signaling by forming a complex with two copies of type I receptors and two copies of type II receptors, both of which are transmembrane receptors with an intracellular serine/threonine kinase domain. Within this receptor family, ALK1 (Activin receptor-Like Kinase 1), which is a type I receptor mainly expressed on endothelial cells, and BMPRII (BMP Receptor type II), a type II receptor also highly expressed on endothelial cells, have been directly linked to two rare vascular diseases: hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), respectively. BMP9 (gene name GDF2) and BMP10, two close members of the BMP family, are the only known ligands for the ALK1 receptor. This specificity gives them a unique role in physiological and pathological angiogenesis and tissue homeostasis. The aim of this current review is to present an overview of what is known about BMP9 and BMP10 on vascular regulation with a particular emphasis on recent results and the many questions that remain unanswered regarding the roles and specificities between BMP9 and BMP10. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuelle Tillet
- Laboratory BioSanté, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Claire Bouvard
- Laboratory BioSanté, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Sabine Bailly
- Laboratory BioSanté, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France
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6
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Bouvard C, Tu L, Rossi M, Desroches-Castan A, Berrebeh N, Helfer E, Roelants C, Liu H, Ouarne M, Chaumontel N, Mallet C, Battail C, Bikfalvi A, Humbert M, Savale L, Daubon T, Perret P, Tillet E, Guignabert C, Bailly S. Different cardiovascular and pulmonary phenotypes for single- and double-knock-out mice deficient in BMP9 and BMP10. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:1805-1820. [PMID: 34086873 PMCID: PMC9215199 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims BMP9 and BMP10 mutations were recently identified in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, but their specific roles in the pathogenesis of the disease are still unclear. We aimed to study the roles of BMP9 and BMP10 in cardiovascular homeostasis and pulmonary hypertension using transgenic mouse models deficient in Bmp9 and/or Bmp10. Methods and results Single- and double-knockout mice for Bmp9 (constitutive) and/or Bmp10 (tamoxifen inducible) were generated. Single-knock-out (KO) mice developed no obvious age-dependent phenotype when compared with their wild-type littermates. However, combined deficiency in Bmp9 and Bmp10 led to vascular defects resulting in a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure and the progressive development of high-output heart failure and pulmonary hemosiderosis. RNAseq analysis of the lungs of the double-KO mice revealed differential expression of genes involved in inflammation and vascular homeostasis. We next challenged these mice to chronic hypoxia. After 3 weeks of hypoxic exposure, Bmp10-cKO mice showed an enlarged heart. However, although genetic deletion of Bmp9 in the single- and double-KO mice attenuated the muscularization of pulmonary arterioles induced by chronic hypoxia, we observed no differences in Bmp10-cKO mice. Consistent with these results, endothelin-1 levels were significantly reduced in Bmp9 deficient mice but not Bmp10-cKO mice. Furthermore, the effects of BMP9 on vasoconstriction were inhibited by bosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, in a chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. Conclusions Our data show redundant roles for BMP9 and BMP10 in cardiovascular homeostasis under normoxic conditions (only combined deletion of both Bmp9 and Bmp10 was associated with severe defects) but highlight specific roles under chronic hypoxic conditions. We obtained evidence that BMP9 contributes to chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodelling, whereas BMP10 plays a role in hypoxia-induced cardiac remodelling in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bouvard
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Ly Tu
- Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Martina Rossi
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Nihel Berrebeh
- Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Elise Helfer
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Roelants
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France.,Inovarion, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Hequn Liu
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie Ouarne
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Chaumontel
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Mallet
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Battail
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Andreas Bikfalvi
- INSERM U1029, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 33615, Pessac, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,AP-HP, Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurent Savale
- Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Thomas Daubon
- INSERM U1029, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 33615, Pessac, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR5095, 33000, Bordeaux, France Bordeaux, France
| | - Pascale Perret
- Laboratory of Bioclinical Radiopharmaceutics, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuelle Tillet
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Sabine Bailly
- Laboratoire Biosanté U1292, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, Grenoble, France
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7
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Sugimoto K, Yokokawa T, Misaka T, Kaneshiro T, Yamada S, Yoshihisa A, Nakazato K, Takeishi Y. Endothelin-1 Upregulates Activin Receptor-Like Kinase-1 Expression via G i/RhoA/Sp-1/Rho Kinase Pathways in Human Pulmonary Arterial Endothelial Cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:648981. [PMID: 33708809 PMCID: PMC7940194 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.648981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary vasoconstriction and organic stenosis. It has been demonstrated that endothelin-1 (ET-1) induces pulmonary vasoconstriction through the activation of RhoA. In addition, a gene mutation of activin receptor-like kinase (ACVRL)-1 is recognized in PAH patients. However, little is known about the association between ET-1 and ACVRL-1. Objective: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of ET-1 on ACVRL-1 expression and delineate the involvement of the Gi/RhoA/Rho kinase pathway. Methods: ET-1 was added to culture medium of human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs). Pre-treatment with pertussis toxin (PTX) or exoenzyme C3 transferase (C3T) was performed for inhibition of Gi or RhoA, respectively. Rho kinase was inhibited by Y27632. Mithramycin A was used for inhibition of Sp-1, which is a transcriptional factor of ACVRL-1. The active form of RhoA (GTP-RhoA) was assessed by pull-down assay. Results: ACVRL-1 expression was increased by ET-1 in the PAECs. Pull-down assay revealed that ET-1 induced GTP-loading of RhoA, which was suppressed by pre-treatment with PTX or C3T. Further, PTX, C3T, and Y27632 suppressed the ET-1-induced ACVRL-1 expression. ET-1 increased the activity of the ACVRL-1 promoter and stabilized the ACVRL-1 mRNA. Sp-1 peaked 15 min after adding ET-1 to the PAECs. PTX and C3T prevented the increase of Sp-1 induced by ET-1. Inhibition of Sp-1 by mithramycin A suppressed ET-1-induced ACVRL-1 upregulation. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that ET-1 increases ACVRL-1 expression in human PAECs via the Gi/RhoA/Rho kinase pathway with the involvement of Sp-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Sugimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Pulmonary Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Yokokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Pulmonary Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Misaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaneshiro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akiomi Yoshihisa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakazato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yasuchika Takeishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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8
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Potential roles of bone morphogenetic protein-9 in glucose and lipid homeostasis. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 76:503-512. [PMID: 32808114 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP-9) is a novel cytokine which is cloned from the fetal mouse liver cDNA library and belongs to the member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. BMP-9 is mainly secreted by the liver and exerts a variety of physiological functions. In this review, we present the latest knowledge on the biochemistry of BMP-9 and its role in glucose metabolism and lipid homeostasis. We introduced the expression site, structure, synthesis, and secretion of BMP-9, as well as BMP-9 signaling pathway. We also discuss the effects of BMP-9 on glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism in different organs. BMP-9 can regulate glucose and lipid homeostasis in the body by inhibiting liver gluconeogenesis, transforming white adipose tissue to brown adipose tissue, promoting muscle glycogen synthesis, increasing the uptake and utilization of glucose by muscle tissue, increasing liver and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity, promoting insulin synthesis and secretion, inhibiting liver lipid deposition, and playing a leptin-like role. Finally, through the results of animal intervention studies and human clinical studies in the review, we deeply understand the association of BMP-9 with obesity, insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which provides new ideas for the prevention and treatment of diseases.
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9
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Upton PD, Park JES, De Souza PM, Davies RJ, Griffiths MJD, Wort SJ, Morrell NW. Endothelial protective factors BMP9 and BMP10 inhibit CCL2 release by human vascular endothelial cells. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs239715. [PMID: 32576665 PMCID: PMC7390625 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.239715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) and BMP10 are circulating ligands that mediate endothelial cell (EC) protection via complexes of the type I receptor ALK1 and the type II receptors activin type-IIA receptor (ACTR-IIA) and bone morphogenetic type II receptor (BMPR-II). We previously demonstrated that BMP9 induces the expression of interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and E-selectin in ECs and might influence their interactions with monocytes and neutrophils. We asked whether BMP9 and BMP10 regulate the expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), a key chemokine involved in monocyte-macrophage chemoattraction. Here, we show that BMP9 and BMP10 repress basal CCL2 expression and release from human pulmonary artery ECs and aortic ECs. The repression was dependent on ALK1 and co-dependent on ACTR-IIA and BMPR-II. Assessment of canonical Smad signalling indicated a reliance of this response on Smad4. Of note, Smad1/5 signalling contributed only at BMP9 concentrations similar to those in the circulation. In the context of inflammation, BMP9 did not alter the induction of CCL2 by TNF-α. As CCL2 promotes monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis and endothelial permeability, these data support the concept that BMP9 preserves basal endothelial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Upton
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's/CUHNHSFT and Papworth Hospitals, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - John E S Park
- Unit of Critical Care, NHLI, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | | | - Rachel J Davies
- Unit of Critical Care, NHLI, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | | | - Stephen J Wort
- Unit of Critical Care, NHLI, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's/CUHNHSFT and Papworth Hospitals, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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10
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Tu L, Desroches-Castan A, Mallet C, Guyon L, Cumont A, Phan C, Robert F, Thuillet R, Bordenave J, Sekine A, Huertas A, Ritvos O, Savale L, Feige JJ, Humbert M, Bailly S, Guignabert C. Selective BMP-9 Inhibition Partially Protects Against Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension. Circ Res 2019; 124:846-855. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ly Tu
- From the INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (L.T., A.C., C.P., R.T., J.B., A.S., A.H., L.S., M.H., C.G.)
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.T., A.C., C.P., R.T., J.B., A.S., A.H., L.S., M.H., C.G.)
| | - Agnès Desroches-Castan
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, BIG-Biologie du Cancer et de l’Infection, Grenoble, France (A.D.-C., C.M., L.G., F.R., J.-J.F., S.B.)
| | - Christine Mallet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, BIG-Biologie du Cancer et de l’Infection, Grenoble, France (A.D.-C., C.M., L.G., F.R., J.-J.F., S.B.)
| | - Laurent Guyon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, BIG-Biologie du Cancer et de l’Infection, Grenoble, France (A.D.-C., C.M., L.G., F.R., J.-J.F., S.B.)
| | - Amélie Cumont
- From the INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (L.T., A.C., C.P., R.T., J.B., A.S., A.H., L.S., M.H., C.G.)
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.T., A.C., C.P., R.T., J.B., A.S., A.H., L.S., M.H., C.G.)
| | - Carole Phan
- From the INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (L.T., A.C., C.P., R.T., J.B., A.S., A.H., L.S., M.H., C.G.)
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.T., A.C., C.P., R.T., J.B., A.S., A.H., L.S., M.H., C.G.)
| | - Florian Robert
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, BIG-Biologie du Cancer et de l’Infection, Grenoble, France (A.D.-C., C.M., L.G., F.R., J.-J.F., S.B.)
| | - Raphaël Thuillet
- From the INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (L.T., A.C., C.P., R.T., J.B., A.S., A.H., L.S., M.H., C.G.)
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.T., A.C., C.P., R.T., J.B., A.S., A.H., L.S., M.H., C.G.)
| | - Jennifer Bordenave
- From the INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (L.T., A.C., C.P., R.T., J.B., A.S., A.H., L.S., M.H., C.G.)
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.T., A.C., C.P., R.T., J.B., A.S., A.H., L.S., M.H., C.G.)
| | - Ayumi Sekine
- From the INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (L.T., A.C., C.P., R.T., J.B., A.S., A.H., L.S., M.H., C.G.)
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.T., A.C., C.P., R.T., J.B., A.S., A.H., L.S., M.H., C.G.)
- AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (A.S., A.H., L.S., M.H.)
| | - Alice Huertas
- From the INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (L.T., A.C., C.P., R.T., J.B., A.S., A.H., L.S., M.H., C.G.)
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.T., A.C., C.P., R.T., J.B., A.S., A.H., L.S., M.H., C.G.)
- AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (A.S., A.H., L.S., M.H.)
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland (O.R.)
| | - Laurent Savale
- From the INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (L.T., A.C., C.P., R.T., J.B., A.S., A.H., L.S., M.H., C.G.)
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.T., A.C., C.P., R.T., J.B., A.S., A.H., L.S., M.H., C.G.)
- AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (A.S., A.H., L.S., M.H.)
| | - Jean-Jacques Feige
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, BIG-Biologie du Cancer et de l’Infection, Grenoble, France (A.D.-C., C.M., L.G., F.R., J.-J.F., S.B.)
| | - Marc Humbert
- From the INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (L.T., A.C., C.P., R.T., J.B., A.S., A.H., L.S., M.H., C.G.)
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.T., A.C., C.P., R.T., J.B., A.S., A.H., L.S., M.H., C.G.)
- AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (A.S., A.H., L.S., M.H.)
| | - Sabine Bailly
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CEA, BIG-Biologie du Cancer et de l’Infection, Grenoble, France (A.D.-C., C.M., L.G., F.R., J.-J.F., S.B.)
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- From the INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (L.T., A.C., C.P., R.T., J.B., A.S., A.H., L.S., M.H., C.G.)
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.T., A.C., C.P., R.T., J.B., A.S., A.H., L.S., M.H., C.G.)
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11
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Roman BL, Hinck AP. ALK1 signaling in development and disease: new paradigms. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4539-4560. [PMID: 28871312 PMCID: PMC5687069 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2636-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Activin A receptor like type 1 (ALK1) is a transmembrane serine/threonine receptor kinase in the transforming growth factor-beta receptor family that is expressed on endothelial cells. Defects in ALK1 signaling cause the autosomal dominant vascular disorder, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), which is characterized by development of direct connections between arteries and veins, or arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Although previous studies have implicated ALK1 in various aspects of sprouting angiogenesis, including tip/stalk cell selection, migration, and proliferation, recent work suggests an intriguing role for ALK1 in transducing a flow-based signal that governs directed endothelial cell migration within patent, perfused vessels. In this review, we present an updated view of the mechanism of ALK1 signaling, put forth a unified hypothesis to explain the cellular missteps that lead to AVMs associated with ALK1 deficiency, and discuss emerging roles for ALK1 signaling in diseases beyond HHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth L Roman
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, 130 DeSoto St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Andrew P Hinck
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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12
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Abstract
Correct organization of the vascular tree requires the balanced activities of several signaling pathways that regulate tubulogenesis and vascular branching, elongation, and pruning. When this balance is lost, the vessels can be malformed and fragile, and they can lose arteriovenous differentiation. In this review, we concentrate on the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway, which is one of the most important and complex signaling systems in vascular development. Inactivation of these pathways can lead to altered vascular organization in the embryo. In addition, many vascular malformations are related to deregulation of TGF-β/BMP signaling. Here, we focus on two of the most studied vascular malformations that are induced by deregulation of TGF-β/BMP signaling: hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM). The first of these is related to loss-of-function mutation of the TGF-β/BMP receptor complex and the second to increased signaling sensitivity to TGF-β/BMP. In this review, we discuss the potential therapeutic targets against these vascular malformations identified so far, as well as their basis in general mechanisms of vascular development and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara I Cunha
- From the Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.I.C., P.U.M., E.D.); FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (E.D., M.G.L.); and Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy (M.G.L.)
| | - Peetra U Magnusson
- From the Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.I.C., P.U.M., E.D.); FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (E.D., M.G.L.); and Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy (M.G.L.)
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- From the Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.I.C., P.U.M., E.D.); FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (E.D., M.G.L.); and Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy (M.G.L.).
| | - Maria Grazia Lampugnani
- From the Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.I.C., P.U.M., E.D.); FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (E.D., M.G.L.); and Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy (M.G.L.)
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13
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de Jager SCA, Meeuwsen JAL, van Pijpen FM, Zoet GA, Barendrecht AD, Franx A, Pasterkamp G, van Rijn BB, Goumans MJ, den Ruijter HM. Preeclampsia and coronary plaque erosion: Manifestations of endothelial dysfunction resulting in cardiovascular events in women. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 816:129-137. [PMID: 28899695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the major underlying pathology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The risk for CVD is increased in women with a history of preeclampsia. Multiple studies have indicated that accelerated atherosclerosis underlies this increased CVD risk. Furthermore, it has been suggested that endothelial dysfunction and inflammation play an important role in the increased CVD risk of women with preeclampsia. Rupture or erosion of atherosclerotic plaques can induce the formation of thrombi that underlie the onset of acute clinical CVD such as myocardial infarction and stroke. In relatively young women, cardiovascular events are mainly due to plaque erosions. Eroded plaques have a distinct morphology compared to ruptured plaques, but have been understudied as a substrate for CVD. The currently available evidence points towards lesions with features of stability such as high collagen content and smooth muscle cells and with distinct mechanisms that further promote the pro-thrombotic environment such as Toll Like Receptor (TLR) signaling and endothelial apoptosis. These suggested mechanisms, that point to endothelial dysfunction and intimal thickening, may also play a role in preeclampsia. Pregnancy is considered a stress test for the cardiovascular system with preeclampsia as an additional pathological substrate for earlier manifestation of vascular disease. This review provides a summary of the possible common mechanisms involved in preeclampsia and accelerated atherosclerosis in young females and highlights plaque erosion as a likely substrate for CVD events in women with a history of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia C A de Jager
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - John A L Meeuwsen
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Freeke M van Pijpen
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerbrand A Zoet
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Birth Centre, Division of Woman and Baby, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan D Barendrecht
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arie Franx
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Birth Centre, Division of Woman and Baby, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas B van Rijn
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Birth Centre, Division of Woman and Baby, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Hester M den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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14
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Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)9 and BMP10 are high affinity ligands for activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1), a type I BMP receptor mainly expressed on vascular endothelial cells (ECs). ALK1-mediated BMP9/BMP10 signalling pathways have emerged as essential in EC biology and in angiogenesis. Several genetic mutations in the genes encoding the ligands and receptors of this pathway have been reported in two cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Administration of recombinant BMP9 reverses experimental PAH in preclinical rodent models. Dalantercept, an Fc-fusion protein of the extracellular domain of ALK1 and a ligand trap for BMP9 and BMP10, is in phase II clinical trials for anti-tumour angiogenesis. Understanding the regulation of BMP9 and BMP10, at both gene and protein levels, under physiological and pathological conditions, will reveal essential information and potential novel prognostic markers for the BMP9/BMP10-targeted therapies.
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15
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Tania NP, Maarsingh H, T Bos IS, Mattiotti A, Prakash S, Timens W, Gunst QD, Jimenez-Borreguero LJ, Schmidt M, van den Hoff MJB, Gosens R. Endothelial follistatin-like-1 regulates the postnatal development of the pulmonary vasculature by modulating BMP/Smad signaling. Pulm Circ 2017; 7:219-231. [PMID: 28680581 PMCID: PMC5448549 DOI: 10.1177/2045893217702340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling regulates vascular smooth muscle maturation, endothelial cell proliferation, and tube formation. The endogenous BMP antagonist Follistatin-like 1 (Fstl1) is highly expressed in pulmonary vascular endothelium of the developing mouse lung, suggesting a role in pulmonary vascular formation and vascular homeostasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Fstl1 in the pulmonary vascular endothelium. To this aim, Fstl1 was conditionally deleted from endothelial and endothelial-derived cells using Tie2-cre driven Fstl1-KO mice (Fstl1-eKO mice). Endothelial-specific Fstl1 deletion was postnatally lethal, as ∼70% of Fstl1-eKO mice died at three weeks after birth. Deletion of Fstl1 from endothelium resulted in a reduction of right ventricular output at three weeks after birth compared with controls. This was associated with pulmonary vascular remodeling, as the percentage of actin-positive small pulmonary vessels was increased at three weeks in Fstl1-eKO mice compared with controls. Endothelial deletion of Fstl1 resulted in activation of Smad1/5/8 signaling and increased BMP/Smad-regulated gene expression of Jagged1, Endoglin, and Gata2 at one week after birth compared with controls. In addition, potent vasoconstrictor Endothelin-1, the expression of which is driven by Gata2, was increased in expression, both on the mRNA and protein levels, at one week after birth compared with controls. At three weeks, Jagged1 was reduced in the Fstl1-eKO mice whereas Endoglin and Endothelin-1 were unchanged. In conclusion, loss of endothelial Fstl1 in the lung is associated with elevated BMP-regulated genes, impaired small pulmonary vascular remodeling, and decreased right ventricular output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navessa P Tania
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harm Maarsingh
- Palm Beach Atlantic University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, West Palm Beach, FL, USA
| | - I Sophie T Bos
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Mattiotti
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stuti Prakash
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Quinn D Gunst
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Martina Schmidt
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice J B van den Hoff
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Varadaraj A, Patel P, Serrao A, Bandyopadhay T, Lee NY, Jazaeri AA, Huang Z, Murphy SK, Mythreye K. Epigenetic Regulation of GDF2 Suppresses Anoikis in Ovarian and Breast Epithelia. Neoplasia 2016; 17:826-38. [PMID: 26678910 PMCID: PMC4681890 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Anoikis, a cell death mechanism triggered upon cell-matrix detachment, is regarded as a physiological suppressor of metastasis that can be regulated by a diverse array of signals. The protein encoded by GDF2 is BMP9 and is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein family and the transforming growth factor (TGF) β superfamily with emerging yet controversial roles in carcinogenesis. In an attempt to identify the function of growth and differentiation factor 2 (GDF2) in epithelial systems, we examined the signaling machinery that is involved and cell fate decisions in response to GDF2 in ovarian and breast epithelia. We find that GDF2 can robustly activate the SMAD1/5 signaling axis by increasing complex formation between the type I receptor serine threonine kinases activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) 3 and ALK6 and the type II receptor serine threonine kinase BMPRII. This activation is independent of cross talk with the SMAD2-transforming growth factor β pathway. By activating SMAD1/5, epithelial cells regulate anchorage-independent growth by increasing anoikis sensitivity that is dependent on GDF2’s ability to sustain the activation of SMAD1/5 via ALK3 and ALK6. Consistent with a role for GDF2 in promoting anoikis susceptibility, the analysis of cell lines and patient data suggests epigenetic silencing of GDF2 in cancer cell lines and increased promoter methylation in patients. These findings collectively indicate an antimetastatic role for GDF2 in ovarian and breast cancer. The work also implicates loss of GDF2 via promoter methylation-mediated downregulation in promotion of carcinogenesis with significant relevance for the use of epigenetic drugs currently in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Varadaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208
| | - Pratik Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208
| | - Anne Serrao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208
| | | | - Nam Y Lee
- Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Columbus, OH 43210; Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Amir A Jazaeri
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Duke University, Durham NC 29210
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Duke University, Durham NC 29210
| | - Karthikeyan Mythreye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208; Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, SC.
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17
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Mumby S, Gambaryan N, Meng C, Perros F, Humbert M, Wort SJ, Adcock IM. Bromodomain and extra-terminal protein mimic JQ1 decreases inflammation in human vascular endothelial cells: Implications for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Respirology 2016; 22:157-164. [PMID: 27539364 PMCID: PMC5215513 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective Nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐kB)‐mediated inflammatory gene expression and vascular endothelial cell proliferation/remodelling are implicated in the pathophysiology of the fatal disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Bromodomain and extra‐terminal (BET) proteins are essential for the expression of a subset of NF‐kB‐induced inflammatory genes. BET mimics including JQ1+ prevent binding of BETs to acetylated histones and down‐regulate the expression of selected genes. Methods The effects of JQ1+ on the proliferation of primary human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) from healthy subjects were measured by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. Cell cycle progression was assessed by flow cytometry; mRNA and protein levels of cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs), inhibitors and cytokines were determined by reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR), Western blotting or ELISA. Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and deacetylase (HDAC) activities were determined in nuclear extracts from whole lung of PAH and control patients. Results JQ1+ significantly inhibited IL6 and IL8 (IL6 and CXCL8) mRNA and protein in HPMECs compared with its inactive enantiomer JQ1−. JQ1+ decreased NF‐kB p65 recruitment to native IL6 and IL8 promoters. JQ1+ showed a concentration‐dependent decrease in HPMEC proliferation compared with JQ1−‐treated cells. JQ1+ induced G1 cell cycle arrest by increasing the expression of the CDK inhibitors (CDKN) 1A (p21cip) and CDKN2D (p19INK4D) and decreasing that of CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6. JQ1+ also inhibited serum‐stimulated migration of HPMECs. Finally, HAT activity was significantly increased in the lung of PAH patients. Conclusion Inhibition of BETs in primary HPMECs decreases inflammation and remodelling. BET proteins could be a target for future therapies for PAH. Endothelial cell inflammation and proliferation are important in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Bromodomain and extra‐terminal (BET) mimics reduced inflammation and cell proliferation in primary human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells. The enhanced histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity in PAH suggests that BET mimics may be effective in PAH although experiments in disease cells/tissues are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Mumby
- Vascular Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Chao Meng
- Vascular Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Frederic Perros
- Faculty of Medicine, South Paris University, Clamart, France.,Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Innovation, INSERM Research Unit 999, Clamart, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- Faculty of Medicine, South Paris University, Clamart, France.,Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Innovation, INSERM Research Unit 999, Clamart, France.,Pulmonary Resuscitation Respiratory and Service, National Reference Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension Severe, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Paris, France
| | - S John Wort
- Vascular Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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18
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Li R, Yan Z, Ye J, Huang H, Wang Z, Wei Q, Wang J, Zhao L, Lu S, Wang X, Tang S, Fan J, Zhang F, Zou Y, Song D, Liao J, Lu M, Liu F, Shi LL, Athiviraham A, Lee MJ, He TC, Zhang Z. The Prodomain-Containing BMP9 Produced from a Stable Line Effectively Regulates the Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:8-18. [PMID: 26816490 PMCID: PMC4716815 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BMPs play important roles in regulating stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Using adenovirus-mediated expression of the 14 types of BMPs we demonstrated that BMP9 is one of the most potent BMPs in inducing osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which was undetected in the early studies using recombinant BMP9 proteins. Endogenous BMPs are expressed as a precursor protein that contains an N-terminal signal peptide, a prodomain and a C-terminal mature peptide. Most commercially available recombinant BMP9 proteins are purified from the cells expressing the mature peptide. It is unclear how effectively these recombinant BMP9 proteins functionally recapitulate endogenous BMP9. METHODS A stable cell line expressing the full coding region of mouse BMP9 was established in HEK-293 cells by using the piggyBac transposon system. The biological activities and stability of the conditioned medium generated from the stable line were analyzed. RESULTS The stable HEK-293 line expresses a high level of mouse BMP9. BMP9 conditioned medium (BMP9-cm) was shown to effectively induce osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, to activate BMP-R specific Smad signaling, and to up-regulate downstream target genes in MSCs. The biological activity of BMP9-cm is at least comparable with that induced by AdBMP9 in vitro. Furthermore, BMP9-cm exhibits an excellent stability profile as its biological activity is not affected by long-term storage at -80ºC, repeated thawing cycles, and extended storage at 4ºC. CONCLUSIONS We have established a producer line that stably expresses a high level of active BMP9 protein. Such producer line should be a valuable resource for generating biologically active BMP9 protein for studying BMP9 signaling mechanism and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Li
- 1. Department of Neurology, Hubei Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan, China; 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhengjian Yan
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 3. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jixing Ye
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - He Huang
- 5. Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 3. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 3. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 3. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lianggong Zhao
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 6. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shun Lu
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 7. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital and Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 8. Department of Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengli Tang
- 1. Department of Neurology, Hubei Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan, China; 9. Department of General Surgery, the Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaming Fan
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 3. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fugui Zhang
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 3. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yulong Zou
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 3. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongzhe Song
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 8. Department of Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyi Liao
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 3. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minpeng Lu
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 3. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Liu
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 3. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lewis L Shi
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aravind Athiviraham
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael J Lee
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhonglin Zhang
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 9. Department of General Surgery, the Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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García de Vinuesa A, Abdelilah-Seyfried S, Knaus P, Zwijsen A, Bailly S. BMP signaling in vascular biology and dysfunction. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 27:65-79. [PMID: 26823333 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The vascular system is critical for developmental growth, tissue homeostasis and repair but also for tumor development. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling has recently emerged as a fundamental pathway of the endothelium by regulating cardiovascular and lymphatic development and by being causative for several vascular dysfunctions. Two vascular disorders have been directly linked to impaired BMP signaling: pulmonary arterial hypertension and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Endothelial BMP signaling critically depends on the cellular context, which includes among others vascular heterogeneity, exposure to flow, and the intertwining with other signaling cascades (Notch, WNT, Hippo and hypoxia). The purpose of this review is to highlight the most recent findings illustrating the clear need for reconsidering the role of BMPs in vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya García de Vinuesa
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Salim Abdelilah-Seyfried
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - An Zwijsen
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sabine Bailly
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM, U1036), Grenoble F-38000, France; Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Laboratoire Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, Grenoble F-38000, France; Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble F-38000, France.
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20
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Tillet E, Bailly S. Emerging roles of BMP9 and BMP10 in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Front Genet 2015; 5:456. [PMID: 25620979 PMCID: PMC4288046 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome, also known as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), is an autosomal dominant vascular disorder. Three genes are causally related to HHT: the ENG gene encoding endoglin, a co-receptor of the TGFβ family (HHT1), the ACVRL1 gene encoding ALK1 (activin receptor-like kinase 1), a type I receptor of the TGFβ family (HHT2), and the SMAD4 gene, encoding a transcription factor critical for this signaling pathway. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are growth factors of the TGFβ family. Among them, BMP9 and BMP10 have been shown to bind directly with high affinity to ALK1 and endoglin, and BMP9 mutations have recently been linked to a vascular anomaly syndrome that has phenotypic overlap with HHT. BMP9 and BMP10 are both circulating cytokines in blood, and the current working model is that BMP9 and BMP10 maintain a quiescent endothelial state that is dependent on the level of ALK1/endoglin activation in endothelial cells. In accordance with this model, to explain the etiology of HHT we hypothesize that a deficient BMP9/BMP10/ALK1/endoglin pathway may lead to re-activation of angiogenesis or a greater sensitivity to an angiogenic stimulus. Resulting endothelial hyperproliferation and hypermigration may lead to vasodilatation and generation of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM). HHT would thus result from a defect in the angiogenic balance. This review will focus on the emerging role played by BMP9 and BMP10 in the development of this disease and the therapeutic approaches that this opens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Tillet
- Inserm, U1036 , Grenoble, France ; Laboratoire Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives , Grenoble, France ; Université Grenoble-Alpes , Grenoble, France
| | - Sabine Bailly
- Inserm, U1036 , Grenoble, France ; Laboratoire Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives , Grenoble, France ; Université Grenoble-Alpes , Grenoble, France
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21
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Moeinzadeh S, Jabbari E. Morphogenic Peptides in Regeneration of Load Bearing Tissues. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 881:95-110. [PMID: 26545746 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22345-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Morphogenic proteins due to their short half-life require high doses of growth factors in regeneration of load bearing tissues which leads to undesirable side effects. These side effects include bone overgrowth, tumor formation and immune reaction. An alternative approach to reduce undesirable side effects of proteins in regenerative medicine is to use morphogenic peptides derived from the active domains of morphogenic proteins or soluble and insoluble components of the extracellular matrix of mineralized load bearing tissues to induce differentiation of progenitor cells, mineralization, maturation and bone formation. In that regard, many peptides with osteogenic activity have been discovered. These include peptides derived from bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), those based on interaction with integrin and heparin-binding receptors, collagen derived peptides, peptides derived from other soluble ECM proteins such as bone sialoprotein and enamel matrix proteins, and those peptides derived from vasculoinductive and neuro-inductive proteins. Although these peptides show significant osteogenic activity in vitro and increase mineralization and bone formation in animal models, they are not widely used in clinical orthopedic applications as an alternative to morphogenic proteins. This is partly due to the limited availability of data on structure and function of morphogenic peptides in physiological medium, particularly in tissue engineered scaffolds. Due to their amphiphilic nature, peptides spontaneously self-assemble and aggregate into micellar structures in physiological medium. Aggregation alters the sequence of amino acids in morphogenic peptides that interact with cell surface receptors thus affecting osteogenic activity of the peptide. Aggregation and micelle formation can dramatically reduce the active concentration of morphogenic peptides with many-fold increase in peptide concentration in physiological medium. Other factors that affect bioactivity are the non-specific interaction of morphogenic peptides with lipid bilayer of the cell membrane, interaction of the peptide with cell surface receptors that do not specifically induce osteogenesis leading to less-than-optimal osteogenic activity of the peptide, and less-than-optimal interaction of the peptide with osteogenic receptors on the cell surface. Covalent attachment or physical interaction with the tissue engineered matrix can also alter the bioactivity of morphogenic peptides and lead to a lower extent of osteogenesis and bone formation. This chapter reviews advances in discovery of morphogenic peptide, their structural characterization, and challenges in using morphogenic peptides in clinical applications as growth factors in tissue engineered devices for regeneration of load bearing tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedsina Moeinzadeh
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Department of Chemical Engineering, Swearingen Engineering Center, Rm 2C11, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Esmaiel Jabbari
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Department of Chemical Engineering, Swearingen Engineering Center, Rm 2C11, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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22
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Roman BL, Finegold DN. Genetic and Molecular Basis for Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40142-014-0061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Yang G, Yuan G, Ye W, Cho KWY, Chen Y. An atypical canonical bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway regulates Msh homeobox 1 (Msx1) expression during odontogenesis. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31492-502. [PMID: 25274628 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.600064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling plays an essential role in early tooth development, evidenced by disruption of BMP signaling leading to an early arrested tooth development. Despite being a central mediator of BMP canonical signaling pathway, inactivation of Smad4 in dental mesenchyme does not result in early developmental defects. In the current study, we investigated the mechanism of receptor-activated Smads (R-Smads) and Smad4 in the regulation of the odontogenic gene Msx1 expression in the dental mesenchyme. We showed that the canonical BMP signaling is not operating in the early developing tooth, as assessed by failed activation of the BRE-Gal transgenic allele and the absence of phospho-(p)Smad1/5/8-Smad4 complexes. The absence of pSmad1/5/8-Smad4 complex appeared to be the consequence of saturation of Smad4 by pSmad2/3 in the dental mesenchyme as knockdown of Smad2/3 or overexpression of Smad4 led to the formation of pSmad1/5/8-Smad4 complexes and activation of canonical BMP signaling in dental mesenchymal cells. We showed that Smad1/5 but not Smad4 are required for BMP-induced expression of Msx1 in dental mesenchymal cells. We further presented evidence that in the absence of Smad4, BMPs are still able to induce pSmad1/5/8 nuclear translocation and their binding to the Msx1 promoter directly in dental mesenchymal cells. Our results demonstrate the functional operation of an atypical canonical BMP signaling (Smad4-independent and Smad1/5/8-dependent) pathway in the dental mesenchyme during early odontogenesis, which may have general implication in the development of other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobin Yang
- From the State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China, the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, and
| | - Guohua Yuan
- From the State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China, the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, and
| | - Wenduo Ye
- the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, and
| | - Ken W Y Cho
- the Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - YiPing Chen
- the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, and
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Dyer LA, Pi X, Patterson C. The role of BMPs in endothelial cell function and dysfunction. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2014; 25:472-80. [PMID: 24908616 PMCID: PMC4149816 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family of proteins has a multitude of roles throughout the body. In embryonic development, BMPs promote endothelial specification and subsequent venous differentiation. The BMP pathway also plays important roles in the adult vascular endothelium, promoting angiogenesis and mediating shear and oxidative stress. The canonical BMP pathway functions through the Smad transcription factors; however, other intracellular signaling cascades can be activated, and receptor complexes beyond the traditional type I and type II receptors add additional layers of regulation. Dysregulated BMP signaling has been linked to vascular diseases including pulmonary hypertension and atherosclerosis. This review addresses recent advances in the roles of BMP signaling in the endothelium and how BMPs affect endothelial dysfunction and human disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/etiology
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors/agonists
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors/genetics
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors/metabolism
- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/genetics
- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Mice, Transgenic
- Models, Biological
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/etiology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Oxidative Stress
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- Shear Strength
- Signal Transduction
- Stress, Physiological
- Vascular Diseases/etiology
- Vascular Diseases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Dyer
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Xinchun Pi
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill-Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Cam Patterson
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill-Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Shao D, Perros F, Caramori G, Meng C, Dormuller P, Chou PC, Church C, Papi A, Casolari P, Welsh D, Peacock A, Humbert M, Adcock IM, Wort SJ. Nuclear IL-33 regulates soluble ST2 receptor and IL-6 expression in primary human arterial endothelial cells and is decreased in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 451:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.06.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Potential roles of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-9 in human liver diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:5199-220. [PMID: 24670474 PMCID: PMC4013558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15045199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP-2 to BMP-15) belong to the Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β superfamily and, besides their well-documented roles during embryogenesis and bone formation, some of them have recently been described to be involved in the pathogenesis of different organs, including the liver. The role of BMPs in liver damage responses including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development has only begun to be addressed and strong evidence supports the concept of a pro-tumorigenic role of BMP signaling in HCC cells. BMP-9 (also termed Growth and Differentiation Factor (GDF)-2) represents the most recently discovered member of the BMP family. We have previously demonstrated that in HCC patient samples BMP-9 expression was positively associated with the tumor seize (“T stage”) and that it enhanced cell migration and induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC cells in vitro. In another study we recently found that BMP-9 promotes growth in HCC cells, but not in non-transformed hepatocytes. Published as well as unpublished results obtained with primary hepatocytes support the concept of a dual function of BMP-9 in the liver: while in primary, non-malignant cells BMP-9 stabilizes the epithelial phenotype and inhibits proliferation, in HCC cells it induces cell growth and the acquisition of a migratory phenotype. In this review article we summarize current knowledge about BMPs in liver diseases, with special focus on the role of BMP-9 in HCC development and progression, that may provide new clues for a better understanding of the contribution of BMP-signaling to chronic liver diseases.
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Review: the enigmatic role of endoglin in the placenta. Placenta 2013; 35 Suppl:S93-9. [PMID: 24252708 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The cellular expression, structure and function of endoglin, and its implication in several vascular disorders remain enigmatic, even 30 years after its discovery. Endoglin (CD105) is a homodimeric glycoprotein (180 kDa) constitutively expressed in the vascular endothelium. It is essential for cardiovascular development and mutations in the ENG gene lead to Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia, a disorder characterized by arteriovenous malformations. Endoglin is also expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast throughout pregnancy, but transiently upregulated in the extravillous trophoblast of anchoring villi. Endoglin modulates responses to several TGF-β superfamily ligands and is essential for the negative regulation by TGF-β isoforms 1 and 3 of extravillous trophoblast differentiation. Membrane endoglin binds endothelial NO synthase and regulates its activation and vasomotor tone. There is also a circulating soluble form of endoglin (sEng; 65 kDa); its levels in the serum of women with preeclampsia are increased and correlated with disease severity. The exact sequence of sEng is still unresolved and the proposed mechanism of release from the syncytium by metalloproteases would not yield the expected size protein. The nature of the ligand sequestered by sEng is also an enigma. sEng is said to block the effects of TGF-β on NO-mediated vasorelaxation. However, sEng alone cannot scavenge these ligands for which it has very low affinity. sEng binds with high affinity to BMP9, which stimulates secretion from endothelial cells of the vascoconstrictor endothelin-1, also implicated in endothelial cell stabilization. It remains to be determined if scavenging of circulating BMP9 by sEng is important in preeclampsia and regulation of hypertension.
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28
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Price LC, Caramori G, Perros F, Meng C, Gambaryan N, Dorfmuller P, Montani D, Casolari P, Zhu J, Dimopoulos K, Shao D, Girerd B, Mumby S, Proudfoot A, Griffiths M, Papi A, Humbert M, Adcock IM, Wort SJ. Nuclear factor κ-B is activated in the pulmonary vessels of patients with end-stage idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75415. [PMID: 24124488 PMCID: PMC3790752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess activation of the inflammatory transcription factor NF-kappa B (NF-κB) in human idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). BACKGROUND Idiopathic PAH is a severe progressive disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling and excessive proliferation of vascular cells. Increasing evidence indicates that inflammation is important in disease pathophysiology. METHODS NF-κB-p65 and CD68, CD20 and CD45 were measured by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy on lung specimens from patients with idiopathic PAH (n = 12) and controls undergoing lung surgery (n = 14). Clinical data were recorded for all patients including invasive pulmonary hemodynamics for the PAH patients. Immunohistochemical images were analyzed by blinded observers to include standard pulmonary vascular morphometry; absolute macrophage counts/mm(2) and p65-positivity (p65+) using composite images and image-analysis software; and cytoplasmic:nuclear p65+ of individual pulmonary arterial endothelial and smooth muscle cells (PASMC) in 10-20 pulmonary arteries or arterioles per subject. The expression of ET-1 and CCL5 (RANTES) in whole lung was determined by RT-qPCR. RESULTS Macrophage numbers were increased in idiopathic PAH versus controls (49.0±4.5 vs. 7.95±1.9 macrophages/100 mm(2), p<0.0001): these macrophages demonstrated more nuclear p65+ than in macrophages from controls (16.9±2.49 vs. 3.5±1.25%, p<0.001). An increase in p65+ was also seen in perivascular lymphocytes in patients with PAH. Furthermore, NF-κB activation was increased in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (62.3±2.9 vs. 14.4±3.8, p<0.0001) and PASMC (22.6±2.3 vs. 11.2±2.0, p<0.001) in patients with PAH versus controls, with similar findings in arterioles. Gene expression of both ET-1 mRNA ((0.213±0.069 vs. 1.06±0.23, p<0.01) and CCL5 (RANTES) (0.16±0.045 vs. 0.26±0.039, p<0.05) was increased in whole lung homogenates from patients with PAH. CONCLUSIONS NF-κB is activated in pulmonary macrophages, lymphocytes, endothelial and PASMC in patients with end-stage idiopathic PAH. Future research should determine whether NF-κB activation is a driver or bystander of pulmonary vascular inflammation and if the former, its potential role as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Price
- Unit of Critical Care, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Section of Respiratory Diseases, Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-correlate, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Frederic Perros
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S 999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Chao Meng
- Unit of Critical Care, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Gambaryan
- Unit of Critical Care, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Dorfmuller
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S 999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
- Pathology Department, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - David Montani
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S 999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
- Assistance publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Paolo Casolari
- Section of Respiratory Diseases, Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-correlate, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jie Zhu
- Lung Pathology, Imperial College London, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Dimopoulos
- Unit of Critical Care, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dongmin Shao
- Unit of Critical Care, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Girerd
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S 999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
- Assistance publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sharon Mumby
- Unit of Critical Care, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Proudfoot
- Unit of Critical Care, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Griffiths
- Unit of Critical Care, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Papi
- Section of Respiratory Diseases, Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-correlate, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marc Humbert
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S 999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
- Assistance publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Ian M. Adcock
- Cell and Molecular Biology, Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - S. John Wort
- Unit of Critical Care, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Atri D, Larrivée B, Eichmann A, Simons M. Endothelial signaling and the molecular basis of arteriovenous malformation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 71:10.1007/s00018-013-1475-1. [PMID: 24077895 PMCID: PMC3969452 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1475-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Arteriovenous malformations occur when abnormalities of vascular patterning result in the flow of blood from arteries to veins without an intervening capillary bed. Recent work has revealed the importance of the Notch and TGF-β signaling pathways in vascular patterning. Specifically, Notch signaling has an increasingly apparent role in arterial specification and suppression of branching, whereas TGF-β is implicated in vascular smooth muscle development and remodeling under angiogenic stimuli. These physiologic roles, consequently, have implicated both pathways in the pathogenesis of arteriovenous malformation. In this review, we summarize the studies of endothelial signaling that contribute to arteriovenous malformation and the roles of genes implicated in their pathogenesis. We further discuss how endothelial signaling may contribute to vascular smooth muscle development and how knowledge of signaling pathways may provide us targets for medical therapy in these vascular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Atri
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Bruno Larrivée
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anne Eichmann
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Michael Simons
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
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30
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Hawinkels LJ, Garcia de Vinuesa A, Ten Dijke P. Activin receptor-like kinase 1 as a target for anti-angiogenesis therapy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:1371-83. [PMID: 24053899 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.837884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Formation of blood vessels from pre-existing ones, also termed angiogenesis, is of crucial importance for the outgrowth of tumours beyond 1 - 2 mm³. Therefore, anti-angiogenic therapies, mainly focussing on inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are used in clinical therapy. However, although initially reducing tumour size, therapy resistance occurs frequently and new targets are needed. A possible target is activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)-1, a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β type-I receptor, which binds bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-9 and -10 with high affinity and has an important role in regulating angiogenesis. AREAS COVERED Several approaches to interfere with ALK1 signalling have been developed, that is, ALK1 neutralising antibodies and a soluble ALK1 extracellular domain/Fc fusion protein (ALK1-Fc), acting as a ligand trap. In this review, we discuss the involvement of ALK1 in angiogenesis, in a variety of diseases and the current status of the development of ALK1 inhibitors for cancer therapy. EXPERT OPINION Based on current, mainly preclinical studies on inhibition of ALK1 signalling by ligand traps and neutralising antibodies, targeting ALK1 seems very promising. Both ALK1-Fc and neutralising antibodies strongly inhibit angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. The results from the first Phase I clinical trials are to be reported soon and multiple Phase II studies are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Jac Hawinkels
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands and Centre for BioMedical Genetics, Department of Molecular Cell Biology , Building-2, S1-P, PO box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden , The Netherlands +31 71 526 9272 ; +31 71 526 8270 ;
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31
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Zhang J, Weng Y, Liu X, Wang J, Zhang W, Kim SH, Zhang H, Li R, Kong Y, Chen X, Shui W, Wang N, Zhao C, Wu N, He Y, Nan G, Chen X, Wen S, Zhang H, Deng F, Wan L, Luu HH, Haydon RC, Shi LL, He TC, Shi Q. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducible factor cysteine-rich with EGF-like domains 2 (Creld2) is an important mediator of BMP9-regulated osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73086. [PMID: 24019898 PMCID: PMC3760886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitors that can undergo osteogenic differentiation under proper stimuli. We demonstrated that BMP9 is one of the most osteogenic BMPs. However, the molecular mechanism underlying BMP9-initiated osteogenic signaling in MSCs remains unclear. Through gene expression profiling analysis we identified several candidate mediators of BMP9 osteogenic signaling. Here, we focus on one such signaling mediator and investigate the functional role of cysteine-rich with EGF-like domains 2 (Creld2) in BMP9-initiated osteogenic signaling. Creld2 was originally identified as an ER stress-inducible factor localized in the ER-Golgi apparatus. Our genomewide expression profiling analysis indicates that Creld2 is among the top up-regulated genes in BMP9-stimulated MSCs. We confirm that Creld2 is up-regulated by BMP9 in MSCs. ChIP analysis indicates that Smad1/5/8 directly binds to the Creld2 promoter in a BMP9-dependent fashion. Exogenous expression of Creld2 in MSCs potentiates BMP9-induced early and late osteogenic markers, and matrix mineralization. Conversely, silencing Creld2 expression inhibits BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation. In vivo stem cell implantation assay reveals that exogenous Creld2 promotes BMP9-induced ectopic bone formation and matrix mineralization, whereas silencing Creld2 expression diminishes BMP9-induced bone formation and matrix mineralization. We further show that Creld2 is localized in ER and the ER stress inducers potentiate BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation. Our results strongly suggest that Creld2 may be directly regulated by BMP9 and ER stress response may play an important role in regulating osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaguang Weng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory of the Key Laboratory for Pediatrics co-designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and Chongqing Bureau of Education, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Stephanie H. Kim
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ruidong Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yuhan Kong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Xiang Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Tangdu Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Shui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ning Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- School of Laboratory Medicine and the Affiliated Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- School of Laboratory Medicine and the Affiliated Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ningning Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yunfeng He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Guoxin Nan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory of the Key Laboratory for Pediatrics co-designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and Chongqing Bureau of Education, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sheng Wen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory of the Key Laboratory for Pediatrics co-designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and Chongqing Bureau of Education, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Fang Deng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- School of Laboratory Medicine and the Affiliated Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lihua Wan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lewis L. Shi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory of the Key Laboratory for Pediatrics co-designated by Chinese Ministry of Education and Chongqing Bureau of Education, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (TCH); (QS)
| | - Qiong Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (TCH); (QS)
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Beederman M, Lamplot JD, Nan G, Wang J, Liu X, Yin L, Li R, Shui W, Zhang H, Kim SH, Zhang W, Zhang J, Kong Y, Denduluri S, Rogers MR, Pratt A, Haydon RC, Luu HH, Angeles J, Shi LL, He TC. BMP signaling in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and bone formation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2013; 6:32-52. [PMID: 26819651 PMCID: PMC4725591 DOI: 10.4236/jbise.2013.68a1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF-β superfamily and have diverse functions during development and organogenesis. BMPs play a major role in skeletal development and bone formation, and disruptions in BMP signaling cause a variety of skeletal and extraskeletal anomalies. Several knockout models have provided insight into the mechanisms responsible for these phenotypes. Proper bone formation requires the differentiation of osteoblasts from mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) precursors, a process mediated in part by BMP signaling. Multiple BMPs, including BMP2, BMP6, BMP7 and BMP9, promote osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs both in vitro and in vivo. BMP9 is one of the most osteogenic BMPs yet is a poorly characterized member of the BMP family. Several studies demonstrate that the mechanisms controlling BMP9-mediated osteogenesis differ from other osteogenic BMPs, but little is known about these specific mechanisms. Several pathways critical to BMP9-mediated osteogenesis are also important in the differentiation of other cell lineages, including adipocytes and chondrocytes. BMP9 has also demonstrated translational promise in spinal fusion and bone fracture repair. This review will summarize our current knowledge of BMP-mediated osteogenesis, with a focus on BMP9, by presenting recently completed work which may help us to further elucidate these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Beederman
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Joseph D Lamplot
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Guoxin Nan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, USA; Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory of the Key Laboratory for Pediatrics Co-Designated by Chinese Ministry of Education, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, USA; The Affiliated Hospitals and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, USA; Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory of the Key Laboratory for Pediatrics Co-Designated by Chinese Ministry of Education, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangjun Yin
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, USA; The Affiliated Hospitals and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruidong Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, USA; The Affiliated Hospitals and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Shui
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, USA; The Affiliated Hospitals and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, USA; The Affiliated Hospitals and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Stephanie H Kim
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, USA; The Affiliated Hospitals and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiye Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, USA; The Affiliated Hospitals and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhan Kong
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, USA; The Affiliated Hospitals and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sahitya Denduluri
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Mary Rose Rogers
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Abdullah Pratt
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Rex C Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Hue H Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Jovito Angeles
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Lewis L Shi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, USA; Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory of the Key Laboratory for Pediatrics Co-Designated by Chinese Ministry of Education, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; The Affiliated Hospitals and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Herrera B, García-Álvaro M, Cruz S, Walsh P, Fernández M, Roncero C, Fabregat I, Sánchez A, Inman GJ. BMP9 is a proliferative and survival factor for human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69535. [PMID: 23936038 PMCID: PMC3720667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β family members play a relevant role in tumorigenic processes, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but a specific implication of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) subfamily is still unknown. Although originally isolated from fetal liver, little is known about BMP9, a BMP family member, and its role in liver physiology and pathology. Our results show that BMP9 promotes growth in HCC cells, but not in immortalized human hepatocytes. In the liver cancer cell line HepG2, BMP9 triggers Smad1,5,8 phosphorylation and inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (Id1) expression up- regulation. Importantly, by using chemical inhibitors, ligand trap and gene silencing approaches we demonstrate that HepG2 cells autocrinely produce BMP9 that supports their proliferation and anchorage independent growth. Additionally, our data reveal that in HepG2 cells BMP9 triggers cell cycle progression, and strikingly, completely abolishes the increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells induced by long-term incubation in low serum. Collectively, our data unveil a dual role for BMP9, both promoting a proliferative response and exerting a remarkable anti-apoptotic function in HepG2 cells, which result in a robust BMP9 effect on liver cancer cell growth. Finally, we show that BMP9 expression is increased in 40% of human HCC tissues compared with normal human liver as revealed by immunohistochemistry analysis, suggesting that BMP9 signaling may be relevant during hepatocarcinogenesis in vivo. Our findings provide new clues for a better understanding of BMPs contribution, and in particular BMP9, in HCC pathogenesis that may result in the development of effective and targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Herrera
- Dep. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
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Laux DW, Young S, Donovan JP, Mansfield CJ, Upton PD, Roman BL. Circulating Bmp10 acts through endothelial Alk1 to mediate flow-dependent arterial quiescence. Development 2013; 140:3403-12. [PMID: 23863480 DOI: 10.1242/dev.095307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Blood flow plays crucial roles in vascular development, remodeling and homeostasis, but the molecular pathways required for transducing flow signals are not well understood. In zebrafish embryos, arterial expression of activin receptor-like kinase 1 (alk1), which encodes a TGFβ family type I receptor, is dependent on blood flow, and loss of alk1 mimics lack of blood flow in terms of dysregulation of a subset of flow-responsive arterial genes and increased arterial endothelial cell number. These data suggest that blood flow activates Alk1 signaling to promote a flow-responsive gene expression program that limits nascent arterial caliber. Here, we demonstrate that restoration of endothelial alk1 expression to flow-deprived arteries fails to rescue Alk1 activity or normalize arterial endothelial cell gene expression or number, implying that blood flow may play an additional role in Alk1 signaling independent of alk1 induction. To this end, we define cardiac-derived Bmp10 as the crucial ligand for endothelial Alk1 in embryonic vascular development, and provide evidence that circulating Bmp10 acts through endothelial Alk1 to limit endothelial cell number in and thereby stabilize the caliber of nascent arteries. Thus, blood flow promotes Alk1 activity by concomitantly inducing alk1 expression and distributing Bmp10, thereby reinforcing this signaling pathway, which functions to limit arterial caliber at the onset of flow. Because mutations in ALK1 cause arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), our findings suggest that an impaired flow response initiates AVM development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek W Laux
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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The ALK-1/Smad1 pathway in cardiovascular physiopathology. A new target for therapy? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:1492-510. [PMID: 23707512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Activin receptor-like kinase-1 or ALK-1 is a type I cell surface receptor for the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family of proteins. The role of ALK-1 in endothelial cells biology and in angiogenesis has been thoroughly studied by many authors. However, it has been recently suggested a possible role of ALK-1 in cardiovascular homeostasis. ALK-1 is not only expressed in endothelial cells but also in smooth muscle cells, myofibroblast, hepatic stellate cells, chondrocytes, monocytes, myoblasts, macrophages or fibroblasts, but its role in these cells have not been deeply analyzed. Due to the function of ALK-1 in these cells, this receptor plays a role in several cardiovascular diseases. Animals with ALK-1 haploinsufficiency and patients with mutations in Acvrl1 (the gene that codifies for ALK-1) develop type-2 Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia. Moreover, ALK-1 heterozygous mice develop pulmonary hypertension. Higher levels of ALK-1 have been observed in atherosclerotic plaques, suggesting a possible protector role of this receptor. ALK-1 deficiency is also related to the development of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Besides, due to the ability of ALK-1 to regulate cell proliferation and migration, and to modulate extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression in several cell types, ALK-1 has been now demonstrated to play an important role in cardiovascular remodeling. In this review, we would like to offer a complete vision of the role of ALK-1 in many process related to cardiovascular homeostasis, and the involvement of this protein in the development of cardiovascular diseases, suggesting the possibility of using the ALK-1/smad-1 pathway as a powerful therapeutic target.
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36
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Lamplot JD, Qin J, Nan G, Wang J, Liu X, Yin L, Tomal J, Li R, Shui W, Zhang H, Kim SH, Zhang W, Zhang J, Kong Y, Denduluri S, Rogers MR, Pratt A, Haydon RC, Luu HH, Angeles J, Shi LL, He TC. BMP9 signaling in stem cell differentiation and osteogenesis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF STEM CELLS 2013; 2:1-21. [PMID: 23671813 PMCID: PMC3636726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF-β superfamily and play a critical role in skeletal development, bone formation and stem cell differentiation. Disruptions in BMP signaling result in a variety of skeletal and extraskeletal anomalies. BMP9 is a poorly characterized member of the BMP family and is among the most osteogenic BMPs, promoting osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) both in vitro and in vivo. Recent findings from various in vivo and molecular studies strongly suggest that the mechanisms governing BMP9-mediated osteoinduction differ from other osteogenic BMPs. Many signaling pathways with diverse functions have been found to play a role in BMP9-mediated osteogenesis. Several of these pathways are also critical in the differentiation of other cell lineages, including adipocytes and chondrocytes. While BMP9 is known to be a potent osteogenic factor, it also influences several other pathways including cancer development, angiogenesis and myogenesis. Although BMP9 has been demonstrated as one of the most osteogenic BMPs, relatively little is known about the specific mechanisms responsible for these effects. BMP9 has demonstrated efficacy in promoting spinal fusion and bony non-union repair in animal models, demonstrating great translational promise. This review aims to summarize our current knowledge of BMP9-mediated osteogenesis by presenting recently completed work which may help us to further elucidate these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Lamplot
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jiaqiang Qin
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory of the Key Laboratory for Pediatrics codesignated by Chinese Ministry of Education, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400014, China
| | - Guoxin Nan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory of the Key Laboratory for Pediatrics codesignated by Chinese Ministry of Education, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400014, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 401147, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory of the Key Laboratory for Pediatrics codesignated by Chinese Ministry of Education, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400014, China
| | - Liangjun Yin
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- The Affiliated Hospitals and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Justin Tomal
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ruidong Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- The Affiliated Hospitals and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Shui
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- The Affiliated Hospitals and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- The Affiliated Hospitals and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Stephanie H Kim
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- The Affiliated Hospitals and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiye Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- The Affiliated Hospitals and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuhan Kong
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- The Affiliated Hospitals and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Sahitya Denduluri
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mary Rose Rogers
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Abdullah Pratt
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rex C Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hue H Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jovito Angeles
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lewis L Shi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory of the Key Laboratory for Pediatrics codesignated by Chinese Ministry of Education, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400014, China
- The Affiliated Hospitals and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
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Hu N, Jiang D, Huang E, Liu X, Li R, Liang X, Kim SH, Chen X, Gao JL, Zhang H, Zhang W, Kong YH, Zhang J, Wang J, Shui W, Luo X, Liu B, Cui J, Rogers MR, Shen J, Zhao C, Wang N, Wu N, Luu HH, Haydon RC, He TC, Huang W. BMP9-regulated angiogenic signaling plays an important role in the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells. J Cell Sci 2012. [PMID: 23203800 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.114231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal progenitor cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitors that can be isolated from numerous tissues. MSCs can undergo osteogenic differentiation under proper stimuli. We have recently demonstrated that bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) is one of the most osteogenic BMPs. As one of the least studied BMPs, BMP9 has been shown to regulate angiogenesis in endothelial cells. However, it is unclear whether BMP9-regulated angiogenic signaling plays any important role in the BMP9-initiated osteogenic pathway in MSCs. Here, we investigate the functional role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α)-mediated angiogenic signaling in BMP9-regulated osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. We find that BMP9 induces HIF1α expression in MSCs through Smad1/5/8 signaling. Exogenous expression of HIF1α potentiates BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs both in vitro and in vivo. siRNA-mediated silencing of HIF1α or HIF1α inhibitor CAY10585 profoundly blunts BMP9-induced osteogenic signaling in MSCs. HIF1α expression regulated by cobalt-induced hypoxia also recapitulates the synergistic effect between HIF1α and BMP9 in osteogenic differentiation. Mechanistically, HIF1α is shown to exert its synergistic effect with BMP9 by inducing both angiogenic signaling and osteogenic signaling in MSCs. Thus, our findings should not only expand our understanding of the molecular basis behind BMP9-regulated osteoblastic lineage-specific differentiation, but also provide an opportunity to harness the BMP9-induced synergy between osteogenic and angiogenic signaling pathways in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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ALK2 and BMPR2 knockdown and endothelin-1 production by pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2012; 85:46-53. [PMID: 23142694 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many cases of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are heritable and related to gene mutations in bone morphogenic receptor-2 (BMPR2). These patients consequently may have a signaling imbalance within the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) receptor superfamily. The causes of increased endothelin-1 (ET-1), which contributes to PAH, are unknown, and we therefore studied the contribution of various BMPs and their receptors on ET-1 production in vitro, after knockdown of BMPR2 in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-LBl). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Receptor knockdown in HMVEC-LBl was performed using siRNA to BMPR2, and activin like-kinases 1 and 2 (ALK1, ALK2). ET-1 and TGFβ levels in the medium were measured by ELISA. In some experiments, cells were exposed to TGFβ or BMP7 or FK506 (tacrolimus). Using Western blotting, levels of BMPR2, endothelin ET(B) receptor, phosphorylated SMAD 2 (pSMAD 2), phosphorylated SMAD 1,5 (pSMAD 1,5), ALK1, ALK2, ALK5, TGFβ receptor 2, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and ID1 were measured. BMPR2 knockdown significantly increased ET-1 levels. It did not affect ET(B) receptor or TGFβ levels. TGFβ increased ET-1 levels, with or without BMPR2 knockdown. BMPR2 knockdown did not affect TGFβ (pSMAD 2 and PAI-1) signaling. BMP7 increased ET-1 levels after BMPR2 knockdown but this was prevented by ALK2 knockdown as was the increase in ID1 caused by BMPR2 knockdown. FK506, which interacts with ALK2, increased ET-1 levels and ID1 levels, and this was blocked by ALK2 knockdown. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE ALK2 may be an important receptor in ET-1 production during BMPR2 knockdown.
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