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Jia N, Ganesan D, Guan H, Jeong YY, Han S, Rajapaksha G, Nissenbaum M, Kusnecov AW, Cai Q. Mitochondrial bioenergetics stimulates autophagy for pathological MAPT/Tau clearance in tauopathy neurons. Autophagy 2024. [PMID: 39171695 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2392408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of MAPT (microtubule-associated protein tau) is a pathogenic hallmark of tauopathies and a defining feature of Alzheimer disease (AD). Pathological MAPT/tau is targeted by macroautophagy/autophagy for clearance after being sequestered within autophagosomes, but autophagy dysfunction is indicated in tauopathy. While mitochondrial bioenergetic deficits have been shown to precede MAPT/tau pathology in tauopathy brains, it is unclear whether energy metabolism deficiency is involved in the pathogenesis of autophagy defects. Here, we reveal that stimulation of anaplerotic metabolism restores defective oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in tauopathy neurons which, strikingly, leads to pronounced MAPT/tau clearance by boosting autophagy functionality through enhancements of mitochondrial biosynthesis and supply of phosphatidylethanolamine for autophagosome biogenesis. Furthermore, early anaplerotic stimulation of OXPHOS elevates autophagy activity and attenuates MAPT/tau pathology, thereby counteracting memory impairment in tauopathy mice. Taken together, our study sheds light on a pivotal role of mitochondrial bioenergetic deficiency in tauopathy-related autophagy defects and suggests a new therapeutic strategy to prevent the buildup of pathological MAPT/tau in AD and other tauopathy diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuo Jia
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Dhasarathan Ganesan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Hongyuan Guan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Yu Young Jeong
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Sinsuk Han
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Gavesh Rajapaksha
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Marialaina Nissenbaum
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Alexander W Kusnecov
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Qian Cai
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, USA
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Barzegar Behrooz A, Latifi‐Navid H, Lotfi J, Khodagholi F, Shojaei S, Ghavami S, Fahanik Babaei J. CSF amino acid profiles in ICV-streptozotocin-induced sporadic Alzheimer's disease in male Wistar rat: a metabolomics and systems biology perspective. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:1116-1132. [PMID: 38769074 PMCID: PMC11216934 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an increasingly important public health concern due to the increasing proportion of older individuals within the general population. The impairment of processes responsible for adequate brain energy supply primarily determines the early features of the aging process. Restricting brain energy supply results in brain hypometabolism prior to clinical symptoms and is anatomically and functionally associated with cognitive impairment. The present study investigated changes in metabolic profiles induced by intracerebroventricular-streptozotocin (ICV-STZ) in an AD-like animal model. To this end, male Wistar rats received a single injection of STZ (3 mg·kg-1) by ICV (2.5 μL into each ventricle for 5 min on each side). In the second week after receiving ICV-STZ, rats were tested for cognitive performance using the Morris Water Maze test and subsequently prepared for positron emission tomography (PET) to confirm AD-like symptoms. Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis was used to detect amino acid changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) samples. Our metabolomics study revealed a reduction in the concentrations of various amino acids (alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophane, tyrosine, and valine) in CSF of ICV-STZ-treated animals as compared to controls rats. The results of the current study indicate amino acid levels could potentially be considered targets of nutritional and/or pharmacological interventions to interfere with AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesIran
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of MedicineUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| | - Hamid Latifi‐Navid
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesIran
- Department of Molecular MedicineNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyTehranIran
- School of Biological SciencesInstitute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM)TehranIran
| | - Jabar Lotfi
- Growth and Development Research CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesIran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Shahla Shojaei
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of MedicineUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of MedicineUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
- Faculty of Medicine in ZabrzeUniversity of Technology in KatowiceZabrzePoland
- Research Institute of Oncology and HematologyCancer Care Manitoba‐University of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
- Children Hospital Research Institute of ManitobaUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| | - Javad Fahanik Babaei
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesIran
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Tandon S, Sarkar S. Glutamine stimulates the S6K/4E-BP branch of insulin signalling pathway to mitigate human poly(Q) disorders in Drosophila disease models. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:783-794. [PMID: 37658796 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2253028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND METHODS Since, the S6K/4E-BP sub-pathway can be stimulated by various amino acids; we extended our investigation to examine if oral feeding of amino acids delivers rescue against human poly(Q) toxicity in Drosophila. We utilised Drosophila models of two different poly(Q) disorders to test our hypothesis. Glutamine was fed to the test flies orally mixed in the food. Control and treated flies were then tested for different parameters, such as formation of poly(Q) aggregates and neurodegeneration, to evaluate glutamine's proficiency in mitigating poly(Q) neurotoxicity. RESULTS Our study, for the first time, reports that glutamine feeding stimulates the growth promoting S6K/4E-BP branch of insulin signalling pathway and restricts pathogenesis of poly(Q) disorders in Drosophila disease models. We noted that glutamine treatment restricts the formation of neurotoxic poly(Q) aggregates and minimises neuronal deaths. Further, glutamine treatment re-establishes the chromatin architecture by improving the histone acetylation which is otherwise compromised in poly(Q) expressing neuronal cells. DISCUSSION Since, the insulin signalling pathway as well as mechanism of action of glutamine are fairly conserved between human and Drosophila, our finding strongly suggests that glutamine holds immense potential to be developed as an intervention therapy against the incurable human poly(Q) disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Tandon
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Surajit Sarkar
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
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Wang X, Tazearslan C, Kim S, Guo Q, Contreras D, Yang J, Hudgins AD, Suh Y. In vitro heterochronic parabiosis identifies pigment epithelium-derived factor as a systemic mediator of rejuvenation by young blood. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.02.592258. [PMID: 38746475 PMCID: PMC11092633 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.02.592258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Several decades of heterochronic parabiosis (HCPB) studies have demonstrated the restorative impact of young blood, and deleterious influence of aged blood, on physiological function and homeostasis across tissues, although few of the factors responsible for these observations have been identified. Here we develop an in vitro HCPB system to identify these circulating factors, using replicative lifespan (RLS) of primary human fibroblasts as an endpoint of cellular health. We find that RLS is inversely correlated with serum donor age and sensitive to the presence or absence of specific serum components. Through in vitro HCPB, we identify the secreted protein pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) as a circulating factor that extends RLS of primary human fibroblasts and declines with age in mammals. Systemic administration of PEDF to aged mice reverses age-related functional decline and pathology across several tissues, improving cognitive function and reducing hepatic fibrosis and renal lipid accumulation. Together, our data supports PEDF as a systemic mediator of the effect of young blood on organismal health and homeostasis and establishes our in vitro HCPB system as a valuable screening platform for the identification of candidate circulating factors involved in aging and rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhe Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Cagdas Tazearslan
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Seungsoo Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Qinghua Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Daniela Contreras
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jiping Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Adam D. Hudgins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
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Jia N, Ganesan D, Guan H, Jeong YY, Han S, Nissenbaum M, Kusnecov AW, Cai Q. Mitochondrial bioenergetics stimulates autophagy for pathological tau clearance in tauopathy neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.12.579959. [PMID: 38405759 PMCID: PMC10888759 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.12.579959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of microtubule-associated tau is a pathogenic hallmark of tauopathies and a defining feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pathological tau is targeted by autophagy for clearance, but autophagy dysfunction is indicated in tauopathy. While mitochondrial bioenergetic failure has been shown to precede the development of tau pathology, it is unclear whether energy metabolism deficiency is involved in tauopathy-related autophagy defects. Here, we reveal that stimulation of anaplerotic metabolism restores defective oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in tauopathy which, strikingly, leads to enhanced autophagy and pronounced tau clearance. OXPHOS-induced autophagy is attributed to increased ATP-dependent phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis in mitochondria. Excitingly, early bioenergetic stimulation boosts autophagy activity and reduces tau pathology, thereby counteracting memory impairment in tauopathy mice. Taken together, our study sheds light on a pivotal role of bioenergetic dysfunction in tauopathy-linked autophagy defects and suggests a new therapeutic strategy to prevent toxic tau buildup in AD and other tauopathies.
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Pan X, Donaghy PC, Roberts G, Chouliaras L, O’Brien JT, Thomas AJ, Heslegrave AJ, Zetterberg H, McGuinness B, Passmore AP, Green BD, Kane JPM. Plasma metabolites distinguish dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer's disease: a cross-sectional metabolomic analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 15:1326780. [PMID: 38239488 PMCID: PMC10794326 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1326780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In multifactorial diseases, alterations in the concentration of metabolites can identify novel pathological mechanisms at the intersection between genetic and environmental influences. This study aimed to profile the plasma metabolome of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), two neurodegenerative disorders for which our understanding of the pathophysiology is incomplete. In the clinical setting, DLB is often mistaken for AD, highlighting a need for accurate diagnostic biomarkers. We therefore also aimed to determine the overlapping and differentiating metabolite patterns associated with each and establish whether identification of these patterns could be leveraged as biomarkers to support clinical diagnosis. Methods A panel of 630 metabolites (Biocrates MxP Quant 500) and a further 232 metabolism indicators (biologically informative sums and ratios calculated from measured metabolites, each indicative for a specific pathway or synthesis; MetaboINDICATOR) were analyzed in plasma from patients with probable DLB (n = 15; age 77.6 ± 8.2 years), probable AD (n = 15; 76.1 ± 6.4 years), and age-matched cognitively healthy controls (HC; n = 15; 75.2 ± 6.9 years). Metabolites were quantified using a reversed-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography column and triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, or by using flow injection analysis in MRM mode. Data underwent multivariate (PCA analysis), univariate and receiving operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. Metabolite data were also correlated (Spearman r) with the collected clinical neuroimaging and protein biomarker data. Results The PCA plot separated DLB, AD and HC groups (R2 = 0.518, Q2 = 0.348). Significant alterations in 17 detected metabolite parameters were identified (q ≤ 0.05), including neurotransmitters, amino acids and glycerophospholipids. Glutamine (Glu; q = 0.045) concentrations and indicators of sphingomyelin hydroxylation (q = 0.039) distinguished AD and DLB, and these significantly correlated with semi-quantitative measurement of cardiac sympathetic denervation. The most promising biomarker differentiating AD from DLB was Glu:lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC a 24:0) ratio (AUC = 0.92; 95%CI 0.809-0.996; sensitivity = 0.90; specificity = 0.90). Discussion Several plasma metabolomic aberrations are shared by both DLB and AD, but a rise in plasma glutamine was specific to DLB. When measured against plasma lysoPC a C24:0, glutamine could differentiate DLB from AD, and the reproducibility of this biomarker should be investigated in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Pan
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Paul C. Donaghy
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Roberts
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Leonidas Chouliaras
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John T. O’Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J. Thomas
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda J. Heslegrave
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Institute, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Institute, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Anthony P. Passmore
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Brian D. Green
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph P. M. Kane
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Ning M, An L, Dong L, Zhu R, Hao J, Liu X, Zhang Y. Causal Associations Between Gut Microbiota, Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites, and Alzheimer's Disease: A Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:229-237. [PMID: 38788075 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Background Multiple studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiome is closely related to the onset of Alzheimer's disease, but the causal relationship between the gut microbiome and AD, as well as potential mediating factors, have not been fully explored. Objective Our aim is to validate the causal relationship between the gut microbiome and the onset of AD and determine the key mechanism by which the gut microbiome mediates AD through blood metabolites using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis methods. Methods We first conducted bidirectional and mediating MR analyses using gut microbiota, blood amino acid metabolites, and AD-related single nucleotide polymorphisms as research data. In the analysis process, the inverse variance-weighted average method was mainly used as the primary method, with other methods serving as supplementary evidence. Results Ultimately, we found that six types of gut bacteria and two blood amino acid metabolites have a causal effect on AD. Subsequent mediation analysis proved that decreased glutamine concentration mediates the negative causal effect of Holdemanella bacteria on AD (mediation ratio of 14.5%), and increased serum alanine concentration mediates the positive causal effect of Parabacteroide bacteria on AD (mediation ratio of 9.4%). Conclusions Our study demonstrates the causality of Holdemanella and Parabacteroides bacteria in the onset of AD and suggests that the reduced glutamine and increased alanine serums concentration may be key nodes in mediating this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ning
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina An
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ranran Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Hao
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Ramadan FA, Arani G, Jafri A, Thompson T, Bland VL, Renquist B, Raichlen DA, Alexander GE, Klimentidis YC. Mendelian Randomization of Blood Metabolites Suggests Circulating Glutamine Protects Against Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:1069-1078. [PMID: 38489176 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Background Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) represents a growing health burden. Previous studies suggest that blood metabolite levels influence risk of LOAD. Objective We used a genetics-based study design which may overcome limitations of other epidemiological studies to assess the influence of metabolite levels on LOAD risk. Methods We applied Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate bi-directional causal effects using summary statistics from the largest genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 249 blood metabolites (n = 115,082) and GWAS of LOAD (ncase = 21,982, ncontrol = 41,944). Results MR analysis of metabolites as exposures revealed a negative association of genetically-predicted glutamine levels with LOAD (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.73, 0.92) that was consistent in multiple sensitivity analyses. We also identified a positive association of genetically-predicted free cholesterol levels in small LDL (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.36, 2.22) on LOAD. Using genetically-predicted LOAD as the exposure, we identified associations with phospholipids to total lipids ratio in large LDL (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.94, 0.98), but not with glutamine, suggesting that the relationship between glutamine and LOAD is unidirectional. Conclusions Our findings support previous evidence that higher circulating levels of glutamine may be a target for protection against LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferris A Ramadan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Gayatri Arani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ayan Jafri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Tingting Thompson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Victoria L Bland
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Benjamin Renquist
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Anthropology, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yann C Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Cheng JY, Deng YT, Yu JT. The causal role of circulating amino acids on neurodegenerative disorders: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. J Neurochem 2023; 166:972-981. [PMID: 37565992 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Potential associations between the risk of neurodegenerative diseases and circulating levels of amino acids have been implied in both experimental research and observational studies. However, because of the confounding and reverse causality, the findings could be biased. We aimed to determine whether circulating amino acid levels have potential effects on the risk of neurodegenerative diseases through a more robust analysis. So, we performed a total of two MR analyses, a discovery two-sample MR analysis, and a replication test, using summary-level genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, both with circulating levels of amino acids as exposure and risk of neurodegenerative diseases as an outcome. The potential causalities between nine amino acids (Glutamine [Glu], Leucine [Leu], Isoleucine [Ile], Phenylalanine [Phe], Valine [Val], Alanine [Ala], Tyrosine [Tyr], Histidine [His], and Glycine [Gly]) and six neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease [AD], Parkinson's disease [PD], Multiple sclerosis [MS], Frontotemporal dementia [FTD], Lewy body dementia [DLB], Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [ALS]) were explored in this study. According to the discovery MR analysis, 1 SD. increase in circulating levels of Gln was genetically determined to result in a 13% lower risk of AD (IVW ORSD [95% CI] = 0.872 [0.822, 0.926]; FDR = 7.46 × 10-5 ) while PD risk was decreased to 63% per SD. increase of circulating Leu levels (IVW ORSD [95% CI] = 0.628 [0.467, 0.843]; FDR = 0.021). Results from the replication test provide further evidence of the potential association between circulating Gln levels and AD risk (IVW ORSD [95% CI] = 0.094 [0.028, 0.311]; FDR = 9.98 × 10-4 ). Meanwhile, sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the significant relationships revealed by our two-sample MR outcomes were reliable. Our analyses provided robust evidence of causal associations between circulating levels of Gln and AD risk as well as circulating Leu levels and risk of PD. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yun Cheng
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Ting Deng
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Che X, Roy A, Bresnahan M, Mjaaland S, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Magnus P, Stoltenberg C, Shang Y, Zhang K, Susser E, Fiehn O, Lipkin WI. Metabolomic analysis of maternal mid-gestation plasma and cord blood in autism spectrum disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2355-2369. [PMID: 37037873 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02051-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of prenatal and neonatal molecular biomarkers has the potential to yield insights into autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and facilitate early diagnosis. We characterized metabolomic profiles in ASD using plasma samples collected in the Norwegian Autism Birth Cohort from mothers at weeks 17-21 gestation (maternal mid-gestation, MMG, n = 408) and from children on the day of birth (cord blood, CB, n = 418). We analyzed associations using sex-stratified adjusted logistic regression models with Bayesian analyses. Chemical enrichment analyses (ChemRICH) were performed to determine altered chemical clusters. We also employed machine learning algorithms to assess the utility of metabolomics as ASD biomarkers. We identified ASD associations with a variety of chemical compounds including arachidonic acid, glutamate, and glutamine, and metabolite clusters including hydroxy eicospentaenoic acids, phosphatidylcholines, and ceramides in MMG and CB plasma that are consistent with inflammation, disruption of membrane integrity, and impaired neurotransmission and neurotoxicity. Girls with ASD have disruption of ether/non-ether phospholipid balance in the MMG plasma that is similar to that found in other neurodevelopmental disorders. ASD boys in the CB analyses had the highest number of dysregulated chemical clusters. Machine learning classifiers distinguished ASD cases from controls with area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) values ranging from 0.710 to 0.853. Predictive performance was better in CB analyses than in MMG. These findings may provide new insights into the sex-specific differences in ASD and have implications for discovery of biomarkers that may enable early detection and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Che
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ayan Roy
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michaeline Bresnahan
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Magnus
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Stoltenberg
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yimeng Shang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Penn State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Keming Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ezra Susser
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- UC Davis Genome Center-Metabolomics, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - W Ian Lipkin
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Nelson TJ, Xu Y. Sting and p53 DNA repair pathways are compromised in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8304. [PMID: 37221295 PMCID: PMC10206146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35533-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. A common finding in AD is DNA damage. Double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) are particularly hazardous to neurons because their post-mitotic state forces neurons to rely on error-prone and potentially mutagenic mechanisms to repair DNA breaks. However, it remains unclear whether DNA damage results from increased DNA damage or failure of DNA repair. Oligomerization of the tumor suppressor protein p53 is an essential part of DSB repair, and p53 phosphorylated on S15 is an indicator of DNA damage. We report that the monomer:dimer ratio of phosphorylated (S15) p53 is increased by 2.86-fold in temporal lobes of AD patients compared to age-matched controls, indicating that p53 oligomerization is compromised in AD. In vitro oxidation of p53 with 100 nM H2O2 produced a similar shift in the monomer:dimer ratio. A COMET test showed a higher level of DNA degradation in AD consistent with double-strand DNA damage or inhibition of repair. Protein carbonylation was also elevated (190% of control), indicating elevated oxidative stress in AD patients. Levels of the DNA repair support protein 14-3-3σ, γ-H2AX, a phosphorylated histone marking double strand DNA breaks, and phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein were all increased. cGAS-STING-interferon signaling was impaired in AD and was accompanied by a depletion of STING protein from Golgi and a failure to elevate interferon despite the presence of DSBs. The results suggest that oxidation of p53 by ROS could inhibit the DDR and decrease its ability to orchestrate DSB repair by altering the oligomerization state of p53. The failure of immune-stimulated DNA repair may contribute to cell loss in AD and suggests new therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Nelson
- Department of Neurology, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, 25704, USA.
| | - Yunhui Xu
- Department of Neurology, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, 25704, USA
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12
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Jo D, Lim YH, Jung YS, Kim YK, Song J. Circular RNA Tmcc1 improves astrocytic glutamate metabolism and spatial memory via NF-κB and CREB signaling in a bile duct ligation mouse model: transcriptional and cellular analyses. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:121. [PMID: 37217942 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02806-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic encephalopathy-induced hyperammonemia alters astrocytic glutamate metabolism in the brain, which is involved in cognitive decline. To identify specific therapeutic strategies for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy, various molecular signaling studies, such as non-coding RNA functional study, have been conducted. However, despite several reports of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the brain, few studies of circRNAs in hepatic encephalopathy-induced neuropathophysiological diseases have been conducted. METHODS In this study, we performed RNA sequencing to identify whether the candidate circRNA cirTmcc1 is specifically expressed in the brain cortex in a bile duct ligation (BDL) mouse model of hepatic encephalopathy. RESULTS Based on transcriptional and cellular analysis, we investigated the circTmcc1-dysregulation-induced changes in the expression of several genes that are associated with intracellular metabolism and astrocyte function. We found that the circTmcc1 binds with the NF-κB p65-CREB transcriptional complex and regulates the expression of the astrocyte transporter EAAT2. Furthermore, circTmcc1 contributed to the secretion of proinflammatory mediators and glutamate metabolism in astrocytes and subsequently modulated an improvement in spatial memory by mediating neuronal synaptic plasticity. CONCLUSIONS Thus, circTmcc1 may be a promising circRNA candidate for targeted interventions to prevent and treat the neuropathophysiological complications that occur due to hepatic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbi Jo
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyangro 264, Jeollanam-Do, Hwasun, 58128, Republic of Korea
- Chonnam National University, Seoyangro 264, Hwasun, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Hwan Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyangro 264, Hwasun, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyangro 264, Jeollanam-Do, Hwasun, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyangro 264, Hwasun, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyangro 264, Jeollanam-Do, Hwasun, 58128, Republic of Korea.
- Chonnam National University, Seoyangro 264, Hwasun, 58128, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Guerrero-Molina MP, Morales-Conejo M, Delmiro A, Morán M, Domínguez-González C, Arranz-Canales E, Ramos-González A, Arenas J, Martín MA, de la Aleja JG. High-dose oral glutamine supplementation reduces elevated glutamate levels in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes syndrome. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:538-547. [PMID: 36334048 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by mitochondrial DNA mutations. There are no disease-modifying therapies, and treatment remains mainly supportive. It has been shown previously that patients with MELAS syndrome have significantly increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glutamate and significantly decreased CSF glutamine levels compared to controls. Glutamine has many metabolic fates in neurons and astrocytes, and the glutamate-glutamine cycle couples with many metabolic pathways depending on cellular requirements. The aim was to compare CSF glutamate and glutamine levels before and after dietary glutamine supplementation. It is postulated that high-dose oral glutamine supplementation could reduce the increase in glutamate levels. METHOD This open-label, single-cohort study determined the safety and changes in glutamate and glutamine levels in CSF after 12 weeks of oral glutamine supplementation. RESULTS Nine adult patients with MELAS syndrome (66.7% females, mean age 35.8 ± 3.2 years) were included. After glutamine supplementation, CSF glutamate levels were significantly reduced (9.77 ± 1.21 vs. 18.48 ± 1.34 μmol/l, p < 0.001) and CSF glutamine levels were significantly increased (433.66 ± 15.31 vs. 336.31 ± 12.92 μmol/l, p = 0.002). A side effect observed in four of nine patients was a mild sensation of satiety. One patient developed mild and transient elevation of transaminases, and another patient was admitted for an epileptic status without stroke-like episode. DISCUSSION This study demonstrates that high-dose oral glutamine supplementation significantly reduces CSF glutamate and increases CSF glutamine levels in patients with MELAS syndrome. These findings may have potential therapeutic implications in these patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04948138. Initial release 24 June 2021, first patient enrolled 1 July 2021. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04948138.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Montserrat Morales-Conejo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- National Reference Center for Congenital Errors of Metabolism (CSUR) and European Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Disease (MetabERN), University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aitor Delmiro
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute ('imas12'), University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Morán
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute ('imas12'), University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Domínguez-González
- Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute ('imas12'), University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Arranz-Canales
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- National Reference Center for Congenital Errors of Metabolism (CSUR) and European Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Disease (MetabERN), University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Joaquín Arenas
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute ('imas12'), University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martín
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute ('imas12'), University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús González de la Aleja
- National Reference Center for Congenital Errors of Metabolism (CSUR) and European Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Disease (MetabERN), University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Neurology Department, Epilepsy Unit, University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Bioenhancing effects of piperine and curcumin on triterpenoid pharmacokinetics and neurodegenerative metabolomes from Centella asiatica extract in beagle dogs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20789. [PMID: 36456663 PMCID: PMC9715946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24935-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Centell-S is a water-soluble extract of Centella asiatica containing more than 80% w/w triterpenoid glycosides. Madecassoside and asiaticoside are two major components of the extract and can be converted into active metabolites, triterpenic acids in large mammal species. In this study, the pharmacokinetic profiles and metabolomic changes generated by the bioactive triterpenoids of Centell-S alone, and in combination with the bioenhancers piperine and curcumin, were investigated in beagle dogs. The test substances were orally administered over multiple doses for 7 consecutive days. At day 1 and 7 after receiving the test compounds, the level of major bioactive triterpenoids and related metabolites were measured using triple quadrupole and high-resolution accurate mass orbitrap models of LCMS to determine pharmacokinetic and metabolomic profiles, respectively. Centell-S was well tolerated, alone and in all combination groups. The combination of Centell-S and piperine significantly increased (p < 0.05) the systemic exposure of madecassoside on day 1 and asiatic acid on day 7, by approximately 1.5 to 3.0-fold of Cmax and AUC values as compared to the Centell-S alone, while the addition of curcumin did not provide a significant improvement. Several metabolomic changes were observed from pre-dose to 4 h post-dose, with some biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases including L-glutamine, lysophosphatidylcholine (17:0), taurochenodeoxycholic acid, uric acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, and lactic acid showing good correlation with the systemic exposure of the bioactive triterpenoids (asiatic acid). Thus, the combining of piperine to Centell-S exhibits the improvement of bioactive triterpenoids which are related to the biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases. These promising results might be useful for the development of this standardised extract to become a more effective phytomedicine for neurodegenerative diseases.
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15
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The Age-Accompanied and Diet-Associated Remodeling of the Phospholipid, Amino Acid, and SCFA Metabolism of Healthy Centenarians from a Chinese Longevous Region: A Window into Exceptional Longevity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204420. [PMID: 36297104 PMCID: PMC9612356 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
As centenarians provide a paradigm of healthy aging, investigating the comprehensive metabolic profiles of healthy centenarians is of utmost importance for the pursuit of health and longevity. However, relevant reports, especially studies considering the dietary influence on metabolism, are still limited, mostly lacking the guidance of a model of healthy aging. Therefore, exploring the signatures of the integrative metabolic profiles of the healthy centenarians from a famous longevous region, Bama County, China, should be an effective way. The global metabolome in urine and the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the feces of 30 healthy centenarians and 31 elderly people aged 60−70 from the longevous region were analyzed by non-targeted metabolomics combined with metabolic target analysis. The results showed that the characteristic metabolites related to longevity were mostly summarized into phosphatidylserine, lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, bile acids, and amino acids (p < 0.05). Six metabolic pathways were found significant relevant to longevity. Furthermore, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, and total SCFA were significantly increased in the centenarian group (p < 0.05) and were also positively associated with the dietary fiber intake (p < 0.01). It was age-accompanied and diet-associated remodeling of phospholipid, amino acid, and SCFA metabolism that expressed the unique metabolic signatures related to exceptional longevity. This metabolic remodeling is suggestive of cognitive benefits, better antioxidant capacity, the attenuation of local inflammation, and health-span-promoting processes, which play a critical and positive role in shaping healthy aging.
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16
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Xu QA, Boerkoel P, Hirsch-Reinshagen V, Mackenzie IR, Hsiung GYR, Charm G, To EF, Liu AQ, Schwab K, Jiang K, Sarunic M, Beg MF, Pham W, Cui J, To E, Lee S, Matsubara JA. Müller cell degeneration and microglial dysfunction in the Alzheimer's retina. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:145. [PMID: 36199154 PMCID: PMC9533552 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) deposits in the retina of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) eye may provide a useful diagnostic biomarker for AD. This study focused on the relationship of Aβ with macroglia and microglia, as these glial cells are hypothesized to play important roles in homeostasis and clearance of Aβ in the AD retina. Significantly higher Aβ load was found in AD compared to controls, and specifically in the mid-peripheral region. AD retina showed significantly less immunoreactivity against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glutamine synthetase (GS) compared to control eyes. Immunoreactivity against ionized calcium binding adapter molecule-1 (IBA-1), a microglial marker, demonstrated a higher level of microgliosis in AD compared to control retina. Within AD retina, more IBA-1 immunoreactivity was present in the mid-peripheral retina, which contained more Aβ than the central AD retina. GFAP co-localized rarely with Aβ, while IBA-1 co-localized with Aβ in more layers of control than AD donor retina. These results suggest that dysfunction of the Müller and microglial cells may be key features of the AD retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyuan Alis Xu
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830MD Undergraduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Barrie, ON Canada
| | - Pierre Boerkoel
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830MD Undergraduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Veronica Hirsch-Reinshagen
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Ian R. Mackenzie
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Ging-Yuek Robin Hsiung
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Geoffrey Charm
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye Care Centre, University of British Columbia, 2550 Willow Street, Vancouver, BC V5Z3N9 Canada
| | - Elliott F. To
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye Care Centre, University of British Columbia, 2550 Willow Street, Vancouver, BC V5Z3N9 Canada
| | - Alice Q. Liu
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830MD Undergraduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Katerina Schwab
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830MD Undergraduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Kailun Jiang
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye Care Centre, University of British Columbia, 2550 Willow Street, Vancouver, BC V5Z3N9 Canada
| | - Marinko Sarunic
- grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494School of Engineering Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | - Mirza Faisal Beg
- grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494School of Engineering Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | - Wellington Pham
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Jing Cui
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye Care Centre, University of British Columbia, 2550 Willow Street, Vancouver, BC V5Z3N9 Canada
| | - Eleanor To
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye Care Centre, University of British Columbia, 2550 Willow Street, Vancouver, BC V5Z3N9 Canada
| | - Sieun Lee
- grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494School of Engineering Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada ,grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England
| | - Joanne A. Matsubara
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye Care Centre, University of British Columbia, 2550 Willow Street, Vancouver, BC V5Z3N9 Canada
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Sun L, Guo D, Jia Y, Shi M, Yang P, Wang Y, Liu F, Chen GC, Zhang Y, Zhu Z. Association Between Human Blood Metabolome and the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease. Ann Neurol 2022; 92:756-767. [PMID: 35899678 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common degenerative neurological disorder with limited therapeutic options. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore the potential biomarkers implicated in the occurrence and progression of AD prior to clinical testing. METHODS We selected 119 unique blood metabolites from 3 metabolome genome-wide association studies (GWASs) with 147,827 European participants. Summary data about AD were obtained from a GWAS meta-analysis with 63,926 European individuals from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project. MR analyses were performed to assess the associations of blood metabolites with AD, and a phenome-wide MR analysis was further applied to ascertain the potential on-target side effects of metabolite interventions. RESULTS Four metabolites were identified as causal mediators for AD, including epiandrosterone sulfate (odds ratio [OR] per SD increase: 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51-0.71; P=6.14×10-9 ), 5alpha-androstan-3beta-17beta-diol disulfate (OR per SD increase: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.57-0.84; P=1.98×10-4 ), sphingomyelin (OR per SD increase: 2.53; 95% CI: 1.78-3.59; P=2.10×10-7 ), and glutamine (OR per SD increase: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.77-0.89; P=2.09×10-6 ). Phenome-wide MR analysis showed that epiandrosterone sulfate, 5alpha-androstan-3beta-17beta-diol disulfate and sphingomyelin mediated the risk of multiple diseases, and glutamine had beneficial effects on the risk of 4 diseases. INTERPRETATION Genetically predicted increased epiandrosterone sulfate, 5alpha-androstan-3beta-17beta-diol disulfate and glutamine might be associated with a decreased risk of AD, while sphingomyelin was associated with an increased risk. Side-effect profiles were characterized to help inform drug target prioritization, and glutamine might be a promising target for the prevention and treatment of AD with no predicted detrimental side effects. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Daoxia Guo
- School of Nursing, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiming Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengyao Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Pinni Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fanghua Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guo-Chong Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengbao Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Zhou J, Chen H, Du J, Tai H, Han X, Huang N, Wang X, Gong H, Yang M, Xiao H. Glutamine Availability Regulates the Development of Aging Mediated by mTOR Signaling and Autophagy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:924081. [PMID: 35860029 PMCID: PMC9289448 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.924081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamine is a conditionally essential amino acid involved in energy production and redox homeostasis. Aging is commonly characterized by energy generation reduction and redox homeostasis dysfunction. Various aging-related diseases have been reported to be accompanied by glutamine exhaustion. Glutamine supplementation has been used as a nutritional therapy for patients and the elderly, although the mechanism by which glutamine availability affects aging remains elusive. Here, we show that chronic glutamine deprivation induces senescence in fibroblasts and aging in Drosophila melanogaster, while glutamine supplementation protects against oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence and rescues the D-galactose-prompted progeria phenotype in mice. Intriguingly, we found that long-term glutamine deprivation activates the Akt-mTOR pathway, together with the suppression of autolysosome function. However, the inhibition of the Akt-mTOR pathway effectively rescued the autophagy impairment and cellular senescence caused by glutamine deprivation. Collectively, our study demonstrates a novel interplay between glutamine availability and the aging process. Mechanistically, long-term glutamine deprivation could evoke mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway activation and autophagy impairment. These findings provide new insights into the connection between glutamine availability and the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Honghan Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jintao Du
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoran Tai
- Department of Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Development and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojuan Han
- Department of Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengyi Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Hengyi Xiao,
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Soltanian B, Dehghan Shasaltaneh M, Riazi G, Masoudian N. Protective Effect of Low Dose of Methamphetamine on The Amount of Extracellular Glutamine in Primary Fetal Human Astrocytes Induced by Amyloid Beta. CELL JOURNAL 2022; 24:105-111. [PMID: 35451579 PMCID: PMC9035228 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2022.7917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective Change in astrocytes is one of the first pathological symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Understanding the signaling pathways in astrocytes can be a great help in treating of AD. This study aimed to investigate signaling pathway relations between low dose of methamphetamine (METH), the apoptosis, cell cycle, and glutamine (Gln) pathways in the activated astrocyte. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, the activated astrocyte cells were exposed to a low dose of METH (12.5 μM) which was determined by Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The groups were: group 1 cells with Aβ, group 2 cells with METH, group 3 cells with METH after 24 hours of adding Aβ (Aβ+METH, treated group), group 4 cells with Aβ after 24 hours of adding METH (METH+Aβ, prevention group), and group 5 as the control. The Gln was assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and also the apoptosis, and cell cycle and BAX, BCL-X expression was evaluated. Results The amount of Gln was increased, and the value of late and early apoptosis was reduced in the treatment groups, and necrosis is decreased in the prevention group (group 4 compared to group 1). Moreover, it was revealed through cell cycle analysis that G2 in group 4 was reduced compared to group 1 and the expression of BAX, BAX/ BCL-X, and BCL-X in group 3 and group 4, was decreased and increased, respectively compared to group 1. Conclusion These findings suggest that perhaps a non-toxic dosage of METH (low dose) can reduce the amount of apoptosis and BAX expression and increase the expression of BCL-X. Furthermore, the cells are arrested in the G2 phase and can raise the amount of extracellular glutamine, which has a protective role in neuron cells. These findings may provide a new perspective to design a new drug with less toxic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Soltanian
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Dehghan Shasaltaneh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran,Department of BiologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of ZanjanZanjanIran
| | - Gholamhossein Riazi
- Laboratory of Neuro-Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Masoudian
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
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20
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Dehghan F, Zamani S, Barreiro C, Jami MS. Irisin injection mimics exercise effects on the brain proteome. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:7422-7441. [PMID: 34655501 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity can endanger human health and increase the incidence of neurodegenerative disease. Exercise has tremendous beneficial effects on brain health and cognitive function, especially in older adults. It also improves brain-related outcomes in depression, epilepsy and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Irisin is a mediator of the beneficial effects of exercise. This study aimed to assess the proteome alterations in adult male National Maritime Research Institute (NMRI) mice brain tissue upon three different conditions including endurance exercise, resistance exercise and irisin injection. Quantification of irisin levels in blood was performed using irisin-ELISA Kit. Quantification and identification of proteins via two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS)/MS showed the alteration of at least 21 proteins due to different treatments. Cellular pathway analysis revealed common beneficial effects of sole irisin treatment and different exercise procedures suggesting the capability of irisin injection to substitute the exercise when physical activity is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Dehghan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Saeed Zamani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Carlos Barreiro
- INBIOTEC (Instituto de Biotecnología de León), León, Spain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Area, Department of Molecular Biology, University of León, Vegazana Campus, León, Spain
| | - Mohammad-Saeid Jami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,QIANBIOTEC, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
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21
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Han S, Zhang M, Jeong YY, Margolis DJ, Cai Q. The role of mitophagy in the regulation of mitochondrial energetic status in neurons. Autophagy 2021; 17:4182-4201. [PMID: 33757395 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1907167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main cellular energy powerhouses and supply most of the energy in the form of ATP to fuel essential neuronal functions through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). In Alzheimer disease (AD), metabolic and mitochondrial disruptions are an early feature preceding any histopathological and clinical manifestations. Mitochondrial malfunction is also linked to synaptic defects in early AD. Mitophagy serves as a key cellular quality control mechanism involving sequestration of damaged mitochondria within autophagosomes and their subsequent degradation in lysosomes. However, it remains largely unknown whether mitophagy is involved in the regulation of energy metabolism in neurons, and if so, whether metabolic deficiency in AD is attributed to mitophagy dysfunction. Here we reveal that mitophagy is broadly activated in metabolically enhanced neurons upon OXPHOS stimulation, which sustains high energetic activity by increasing mitochondrial turnover and hence facilitating mitochondrial maintenance. Unexpectedly, in AD-related mutant HsAPP Tg mouse brains, early stimulation of OXPHOS activity fails to correct energy deficits but exacerbates synapse loss as a consequence of mitophagy failure. Excitingly, lysosomal enhancement in AD neurons restores impaired metabolic function by promoting elimination of damaged mitochondria, protecting against synaptic damage in AD mouse brains. Taken together, we propose a new mechanism by which mitophagy controls bioenergetic status in neurons, furthering our understanding of the direct impact of mitophagy defects on AD-linked metabolic deficits and shedding light on the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat AD by the early stimulation of mitochondrial metabolism combined with elevation of lysosomal proteolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinsuk Han
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Yu Young Jeong
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - David J Margolis
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Qian Cai
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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22
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High performance liquid chromatography determination of L-glutamate, L-glutamine and glycine content in brain, cerebrospinal fluid and blood serum of patients affected by Alzheimer's disease. Amino Acids 2021; 53:435-449. [PMID: 33616735 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02943-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Altered glutamatergic neurotransmission is thought to play a crucial role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Accordingly, the identification of peculiar biochemical patterns reflecting AD-related synaptopathy in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) could have relevant diagnostic and prognostic implications. In this study, we measured by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography the amount of glutamate, glutamine and glycine in post-mortem brain samples of AD patients, as well as in CSF and blood serum of drug-free subjects encompassing the whole AD clinical spectrum (pre-clinical AD, n = 18, mild cognitive impairment-AD, n = 29, dementia AD, n = 30). Interestingly, we found that glutamate and glycine levels, as well as total tau protein content, were significantly reduced in the superior frontal gyrus of patients with AD, compared with non-demented controls. No significant change was also found in glutamate, glutamine and glycine CSF concentrations between AD patients and neurological controls. Remarkably, serum glutamate levels were significantly higher in patients affected by early AD phases compared to controls, and were negatively correlated with CSF total tau levels. Conversely, serum glutamine concentration was significantly increased in AD patients, with a negative correlation with MMSE performances. Finally, we reported a significant correlation between serum L-glutamate concentrations and CDR score in female but not in male cohort of AD subjects. Overall, our results suggest that serum glutamate and glutamine levels in AD patients could vary across disease stages, potentially reflecting the progressive alteration of glutamatergic signaling during neurodegenerative processes.
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23
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Rosli NHM, Yahya HM, Ibrahim FW, Shahar S, Ismail IS, Azam AA, Rajab NF. Serum Metabolomics Profiling of Commercially Mixed Functional Foods—Effects in Beta-Amyloid Induced Rats Measured Using 1H NMR Spectroscopy. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123812. [PMID: 33322743 PMCID: PMC7764480 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional foods such as pomegranate, dates and honey were shown by various previous studies to individually have a neuroprotective effect, especially in neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this novel and original study, an 1H NMR spectroscopy tool was used to identify the metabolic neuroprotective mechanism of commercially mixed functional foods (MFF) consisting of pomegranate, dates and honey, in rats injected with amyloid-beta 1-42 (Aβ-42). Forty-five male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: NC (0.9% normal saline treatment + phosphate buffer solution (PBS) solution injection), Abeta (0.9% normal saline treatment + 0.2 µg/µL Aβ-42 injection), MFF (4 mL/kg MFF treatment + PBS solution injection), Abeta–MFF (4 mL/kg MFF treatment + 0.2 µg/µL Aβ-42 injection) and Abeta–NAC (150 mg/kg N-acetylcysteine + 0.2 µg/µL Aβ-42 injection). Based on the results, the MFF and NAC treatment improved the spatial memory and learning using Y-maze. In the metabolic analysis, a total of 12 metabolites were identified, for which levels changed significantly among the treatment groups. Systematic metabolic pathway analysis found that the MFF and NAC treatments provided a neuroprotective effect in Aβ-42 injected rats by improving the acid amino and energy metabolisms. Overall, this finding showed that MFF might serve as a potential neuroprotective functional food for the prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hasnieza Mohd Rosli
- Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Hanis Mastura Yahya
- Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness (H-Care), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (H.M.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Farah Wahida Ibrahim
- Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness (H-Care), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (H.M.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (I.S.I.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Amalina Ahmad Azam
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (I.S.I.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Nor Fadilah Rajab
- Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness (H-Care), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (H.M.Y.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-9289-7002
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Brown MN, Gibson KM, Schmidt MA, Walters DC, Arning E, Bottiglieri T, Roullet J. Cellular and molecular outcomes of glutamine supplementation in the brain of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase-deficient mice. JIMD Rep 2020; 56:58-69. [PMID: 33204597 PMCID: PMC7653255 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD) manifests with low levels of glutamine in the brain, suggesting that central glutamine deficiency contributes to pathogenesis. Recently, we attempted to rescue the disease phenotype of aldh5a1 -/- mice, a murine model of SSADHD with dietary glutamine supplementation. No clinical rescue and no central glutamine improvement were observed. Here, we report the results of follow-up studies of the cellular and molecular basis of the resistance of the brain to glutamine supplementation. We first determined if the expression of genes involved in glutamine metabolism was impacted by glutamine feeding. We then searched for changes of brain histology in response to glutamine supplementation, with a focus on astrocytes, known regulators of glutamine synthesis in the brain. Glutamine supplementation significantly modified the expression of glutaminase (gls) (0.6-fold down), glutamine synthetase (glul) (1.5-fold up), and glutamine transporters (solute carrier family 7, member 5 [slc7a5], 2.5-fold up; slc38a2, 0.6-fold down). The number of GLUL-labeled cells was greater in the glutamine-supplemented group than in controls (P < .05). Reactive astrogliosis, a hallmark of brain inflammation in SSADHD, was confirmed. We observed a 2-fold stronger astrocyte staining in mutants than in wild-type controls (optical density/cell were 1.8 ± 0.08 in aldh5a1 -/- and 0.99 ± 0.06 in aldh5a1 +/+ ; P < .0001), and a 3-fold higher expression of gfap and vimentin. However, glutamine supplementation did not improve the histological and molecular signature of astrogliosis. Thus, glutamine supplementation impacts genes implicated in central glutamine homeostasis without improving reactive astrogliosis. The mechanisms underlying glutamine deficiency and its contribution to SSADHD pathogenesis remain unknown and should be the focus of future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalyn N. Brown
- Department of PharmacotherapyCollege of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State UniversitySpokaneWashingtonUSA
| | - K. Michael Gibson
- Department of PharmacotherapyCollege of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State UniversitySpokaneWashingtonUSA
| | - Michelle A. Schmidt
- Department of PharmacotherapyCollege of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State UniversitySpokaneWashingtonUSA
| | - Dana C. Walters
- Department of PharmacotherapyCollege of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State UniversitySpokaneWashingtonUSA
| | - Erland Arning
- Baylor Scott and White Research InstituteInstitute of Metabolic DiseaseDallasTexasUSA
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Baylor Scott and White Research InstituteInstitute of Metabolic DiseaseDallasTexasUSA
| | - Jean‐Baptiste Roullet
- Department of PharmacotherapyCollege of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State UniversitySpokaneWashingtonUSA
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25
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Early neurotransmission impairment in non-invasive Alzheimer Disease detection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16396. [PMID: 33009473 PMCID: PMC7532202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer Disease (AD) is a pathology suffered by millions of people worldwide and it has a great social and economic impact. Previous studies reported a relationship between alterations in different amino acids and derivatives involved in neurotransmission systems and cognitive impairment. Therefore, in this study the neurotransmission impairment associated to early AD has been evaluated. For this purpose, different amino acids and derivatives were determined in saliva samples from AD patients and healthy subjects, by means of an analytical method based on chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed statistically significant differences in salivary levels for the compounds myo-inositol, creatine and acetylcholine; and other compounds (myo-inositol, glutamine, creatine, acetylcholine) showed significant correlations with some cognitive tests scores. Therefore, these compounds were included in a multivariate analysis and the corresponding diagnosis model showed promising indices (AUC 0.806, sensitivity 61%, specificity 92%). In conclusion, some amino acids and derivatives involved in neurotransmission impairment could be potential biomarkers in early and non-invasive AD detection.
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26
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Jayasooriya RGPT, Molagoda IMN, Dilshara MG, Choi YH, Kim GY. Glutamine Cooperatively Upregulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Nitric Oxide Production in BV2 Microglial Cells through the ERK and Nrf-2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060536. [PMID: 32575515 PMCID: PMC7346178 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamine (Gln) is a nonessential α-amino acid for protein biosynthesis. However, the mechanism through which Gln regulates NO production in microglial cells is still unclear. In this study, we investigated whether the presence or absence of Gln affects NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Our data revealed that Gln depletion decreased cell viability accompanied by mild cytotoxicity, and blocked LPS-induced NO production concomitant with a significant decrease in inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression. Additionally, Gln depletion for 24 h blocked the restoration of LPS-mediated NO production in the presence of Gln, suggesting that Gln depletion caused long-term immune deprivation. In particular, sodium-coupled amino acid transporter 1 and 2 (SNAT1 and SNAT2), which are the main Gln transporters, were highly upregulated in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells, in the presence of Gln accompanied by NO production. Regardless of the presence of Gln, LPS positively stimulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, and transient Nrf2 knockdown and HO-1 inhibition stimulated LPS-induced NO production and iNOS expression; however, transient Nrf2 knockdown did not affect SNAT1 and SNAT2 expression, indicating that Gln transporters, SNAT1 and SNAT2, were not regulated by Nrf2, which downregulated the HO-1-mediated NO production. Moreover, Gln depletion significantly reduced LPS-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation; furthermore, a specific ERK inhibitor, PD98059, and transient ERK knockdown attenuated LPS-stimulated NO production and iNOS expression, in the presence of Gln, accompanied by downregulation of SNAT1 and SNAT2, suggesting that the ERK signaling pathway was related to LPS-mediated NO production via SNAT1 and SNAT2. Altogether, our data indicated that extracellular Gln is vital for NO production from microglia in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matharage Gayani Dilshara
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (I.M.N.M.); (M.G.D.)
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47227, Korea;
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (I.M.N.M.); (M.G.D.)
- Correspondence:
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27
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Protein Degradome of Spinal Cord Injury: Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2702-2726. [PMID: 32328876 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01916-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Degradomics is a proteomics sub-discipline whose goal is to identify and characterize protease-substrate repertoires. With the aim of deciphering and characterizing key signature breakdown products, degradomics emerged to define encryptic biomarker neoproteins specific to certain disease processes. Remarkable improvements in structural and analytical experimental methodologies as evident in research investigating cellular behavior in neuroscience and cancer have allowed the identification of specific degradomes, increasing our knowledge about proteases and their regulators and substrates along with their implications in health and disease. A physiologic balance between protein synthesis and degradation is sought with the activation of proteolytic enzymes such as calpains, caspases, cathepsins, and matrix metalloproteinases. Proteolysis is essential for development, growth, and regeneration; however, inappropriate and uncontrolled activation of the proteolytic system renders the diseased tissue susceptible to further neurotoxic processes. In this article, we aim to review the protease-substrate repertoires as well as emerging therapeutic interventions in spinal cord injury at the degradomic level. Several protease substrates and their breakdown products, essential for the neuronal structural integrity and functional capacity, have been characterized in neurotrauma including cytoskeletal proteins, neuronal extracellular matrix glycoproteins, cell junction proteins, and ion channels. Therefore, targeting exaggerated protease activity provides a potentially effective therapeutic approach in the management of protease-mediated neurotoxicity in reducing the extent of damage secondary to spinal cord injury.
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28
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Glutamine Supplementation Prevents Chronic Stress-Induced Mild Cognitive Impairment. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040910. [PMID: 32224923 PMCID: PMC7230523 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that glutamine (Gln) supplementation protected glutamatergic neurotransmission from the harmful effects of chronic stress. Altered glutamatergic neurotransmission is one of the main causes of cognitive disorders. However, the cognitive enhancer function of Gln has not been clearly demonstrated thus far. Here, we evaluated whether and how Gln supplementation actually affects chronic stress-induced cognitive impairment. Using a chronic immobilization stress (CIS) mouse model, we confirmed that chronic stress induced mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and neuronal damage in the hippocampus. In contrast, Gln-supplemented mice did not show evidence of MCI. To investigate possible underlying mechanisms, we confirmed that CIS increased plasma corticosterone levels as well as brain and plasma levels of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. CIS also increased levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and NADPH oxidase subunits (p47phox and p67phox) in both the prefrontal cortex and CA1 region of the hippocampus. CIS decreased the number of synaptic puncta in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, but these effects were inhibited by Gln supplementation. Taken together, the present results suggest that Gln is an effective agent against chronic stress-induced MCI.
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29
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Neuroprotection against Amyloid- β-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks Is Mediated by Multiple Retinoic Acid-Dependent Pathways. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:9369815. [PMID: 32256561 PMCID: PMC7109576 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9369815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the role of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) as a neuroprotective agent against Aβ1-42-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in neuronal SH-SY5Y and astrocytic DI TNC1 cell lines and in murine brain tissues, by single-cell gel electrophoresis. We showed that RA does not only repair Aβ1-42-induced DSBs, as already known, but also prevents their occurrence. This effect is independent of that of other antioxidants studied, such as vitamin C, and appears to be mediated, at least in part, by changes in expression, not of the RARα, but of the PPARβ/δ and of antiamyloidogenic proteins, such as ADAM10, implying a decreased production of endogenous Aβ. Whereas Aβ1-42 needs transcription and translation for DSB production, RA protects against Aβ1-42-induced DSBs at the posttranslational level through both the RARα/β/γ and PPARβ/δ receptors as demonstrated by using specific antagonists. Furthermore, it could be shown by a proximity ligation assay that the PPARβ/δ-RXR interactions, not the RARα/β/γ-RXR interactions, increased in the cells when a 10 min RA treatment was followed by a 20 min Aβ1-42 treatment. Thus, the PPARβ/δ receptor, known for its antiapoptotic function, might for these short-time treatments play a role in neuroprotection via PPARβ/δ-RXR heterodimerization and possibly expression of antiamyloidogenic genes. Overall, this study shows that RA can not only repair Aβ1-42-induced DSBs but also prevent them via the RARα/β/γ and PPARβ/δ receptors. It suggests that the RA-dependent pathways belong to an anti-DSB Adaptative Gene Expression (DSB-AGE) system that can be targeted by prevention strategies to preserve memory in Alzheimer's disease and aging.
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30
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Ashraf A, Jeandriens J, Parkes HG, So PW. Iron dyshomeostasis, lipid peroxidation and perturbed expression of cystine/glutamate antiporter in Alzheimer's disease: Evidence of ferroptosis. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101494. [PMID: 32199332 PMCID: PMC7083890 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron dyshomeostasis is implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) alongside β-amyloid and tau pathologies. Despite the recent discovery of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form cell death, hitherto, in vivo evidence of ferroptosis in AD is lacking. The present study uniquely adopts an integrated multi-disciplinary approach, combining protein (Western blot) and elemental analysis (total reflection X-ray fluorescence) with metabolomics (1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) to identify iron dyshomeostasis and ferroptosis, and possible novel interactions with metabolic dysfunction in age-matched male cognitively normal (CN) and AD post-mortem brain tissue (n = 7/group). Statistical analysis was used to compute differences between CN and AD, and to examine associations between proteins, elements and/or metabolites. Iron dyshomeostasis with elevated levels of ferritin, in the absence of increased elemental iron, was observed in AD. Moreover, AD was characterised by enhanced expression of the light-chain subunit of the cystine/glutamate transporter (xCT) and lipid peroxidation, reminiscent of ferroptosis, alongside an augmented excitatory glutamate to inhibitory GABA ratio. Protein, element and metabolite associations also greatly differed between CN and AD suggesting widespread metabolic dysregulation in AD. We demonstrate iron dyshomeostasis, upregulated xCT (impaired glutathione metabolism) and lipid peroxidation in AD, suggesting anti-ferroptotic therapies may be efficacious in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhaar Ashraf
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jérôme Jeandriens
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Human Biology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, Mons, Belgium
| | - Harold G Parkes
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Po-Wah So
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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31
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Adams CD. Circulating Glutamine and Alzheimer's Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:185-193. [PMID: 32103921 PMCID: PMC7020919 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s239350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder. Its worldwide prevalence is over 24 million and is expected to double by 2040. Finding ways to prevent its cognitive decline is urgent. METHODS A two-sample Mendelian randomization study was performed instrumenting glutamine, which is abundant in blood, capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, and involved in a metabolic cycle with glutamate in the brain. RESULTS The results reveal a protective effect of circulating glutamine against Alzheimer's disease (inverse-variance weighted method, odds ratio per 1-standard deviation increase in circulating glutamine = 0.83; 95% CI 0.71, 0.97; P = 0.02). CONCLUSION These findings lend credence to the emerging story supporting the modifiability of glutamine/glutamate metabolism for the prevention of cognitive decline. More circulating glutamine might mean that more substrate is available during times of stress, acting as a neuroprotectant. Modifications to exogenous glutamine may be worth exploring in future efforts to prevent and/or treat Alzheimer's disease.
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32
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Sun Y, Sun J, He Z, Wang G, Wang Y, Zhao D, Wang Z, Luo C, Tian C, Jiang Q. Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 in Brain Diseases and Cancers. Curr Drug Metab 2019; 20:855-866. [DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666191021103018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 (MCT1), an important membrane transport protein, mediates
the translocation of monocarboxylates together with protons across biological membranes. Due to its pathological
significance, MCT1 plays an important role in the progression of some diseases, such as brain diseases and cancers.
Methods:
We summarize the general description of MCT1 and provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of
MCT1 in brain diseases and cancers. Furthermore, this review discusses the opportunities and challenges of MCT1-
targeting drug-delivery systems in the treatment of brain diseases and cancers.
Results:
In the brain, loss of MCT1 function is associated with pathologies of degeneration and injury of the nervous
system. In tumors, MCT1 regulates the activity of signaling pathways and controls the exchange of monocarboxylates
in aerobic glycolysis to affect tumor metabolism, proliferation and invasion. Meanwhile, MCT1 also acts as a
good biomarker for the prediction and diagnosis of cancer progressions.
Conclusion:
MCT1 is an attractive transporter in brain diseases and cancers. Moreover, the development of MCT1-
based small molecule drugs and MCT1 inhibitors in the clinic is promising. This review systematically summarizes
the basic characteristics of MCT1 and its role in brain diseases and cancers, laying the foundation for further research
on MCT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Dongyang Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhenjie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Cong Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chutong Tian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qikun Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Chan F, Lax NZ, Voss CM, Aldana BI, Whyte S, Jenkins A, Nicholson C, Nichols S, Tilley E, Powell Z, Waagepetersen HS, Davies CH, Turnbull DM, Cunningham MO. The role of astrocytes in seizure generation: insights from a novel in vitro seizure model based on mitochondrial dysfunction. Brain 2019; 142:391-411. [PMID: 30689758 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately one-quarter of patients with mitochondrial disease experience epilepsy. Their epilepsy is often severe and resistant towards conventional antiepileptic drugs. Despite the severity of this epilepsy, there are currently no animal models available to provide a mechanistic understanding of mitochondrial epilepsy. We conducted neuropathological studies on patients with mitochondrial epilepsy and found the involvement of the astrocytic compartment. As a proof of concept, we developed a novel brain slice model of mitochondrial epilepsy by the application of an astrocytic-specific aconitase inhibitor, fluorocitrate, concomitant with mitochondrial respiratory inhibitors, rotenone and potassium cyanide. The model was robust and exhibited both face and predictive validity. We then used the model to assess the role that astrocytes play in seizure generation and demonstrated the involvement of the GABA-glutamate-glutamine cycle. Notably, glutamine appears to be an important intermediary molecule between the neuronal and astrocytic compartment in the regulation of GABAergic inhibitory tone. Finally, we found that a deficiency in glutamine synthetase is an important pathogenic process for seizure generation in both the brain slice model and the human neuropathological study. Our study describes the first model for mitochondrial epilepsy and provides a mechanistic insight into how astrocytes drive seizure generation in mitochondrial epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Chan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nichola Z Lax
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Caroline Marie Voss
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blanca Irene Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shuna Whyte
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alistair Jenkins
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Claire Nicholson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sophie Nichols
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Elizabeth Tilley
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Zoe Powell
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ceri H Davies
- Neural Pathways DPU, GSK, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mark O Cunningham
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Chessa
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Martino Ruggieri
- Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Polizzi
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Li X, Smid SD, Lin J, Gong Z, Chen S, You F, Zhang Y, Hao Z, Lin H, Yu X, Jin X. Neuroprotective and Anti-Amyloid β Effect and Main Chemical Profiles of White Tea: Comparison Against Green, Oolong and Black Tea. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101926. [PMID: 31109117 PMCID: PMC6571989 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
White tea (WT) is one of six tea types originally derived from Fujian Province, China. White tea is known for its health-promoting properties. However, the neuroprotective and anti-aggregatory properties of WT against the hallmark toxic Alzheimer's protein, Aβ have not been investigated. In this study, WT, green tea (GT), oolong tea (OT) and black tea (BT) were manufactured using tea leaves from the cultivar Camellia sinensis (Jin Guanyin). The protective effects of these tea extracts were then studied under oxidative stress conditions via t-bhp and H2O2 exposure, in addition to Aβ treatment using a PC-12 cell model. Each tea type failed to rescue PC-12 cells from either t-bhp or H2O2-mediated toxicity, however each extract exerted significant protection against Aβ-evoked neurotoxicity. Results of the Thioflavin T Kinetic (ThT) and TEM assay showed that Aβ aggregate formation was inhibited by each tea type. Additionally, TEM also supported the different anti-aggregatory effect of WT by modifying Aβ into an amorphous and punctate aggregate morphology. Higher accumulated precedent or potential neuroprotective compounds in WT, including ECG''3Me, 8-C-ascorbyl-EGCG, GABA and Gln, in addition to flavonol or flavone glycosides detected by using UPLC-QTOF-MS and UPLC-QqQ-MS, may contribute to a favourable anti-aggregative and neuroprotective effect of WT against Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | - Scott D Smid
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | - Jun Lin
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Fujian Institute of Microbiology, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Zhihong Gong
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Si Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Fangning You
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zhilong Hao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Hongzheng Lin
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xiaomin Yu
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xinyi Jin
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Glutamine Improves Oxidative Stress through the Wnt3a/ β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Alzheimer's Disease In Vitro and In Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4690280. [PMID: 31119171 PMCID: PMC6500677 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4690280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aims Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and all researchers working in this field agree that oxidative stress is intimately associated with Alzheimer disease. In this study, we hypothesized that glutamine (Gln) offers protection against oxidative stress injury in SAMP8 mice as well as the underlying mechanism. Methods The SAMP8 mice received glutamine intragastrically for 8 consecutive weeks to evaluate the protective effect of glutamine on oxidative stress in AD mice involving Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway. In addition, rat pheochromocytoma tumor cell line PC12 was pretreated with 32 μM glutamine for 2 h followed by 24 h incubation with 40 μM Aβ25-35 to obtain in vitro data. Results In vivo the administration of glutamine was found to ameliorate behavioral deficits and neuron damage, increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-XP) activity, reduce the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and activate the Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway in SAMP8 mice. In vitro glutamine treatment decreased the toxicity of Aβ25-35 on PC12 cells and prevented apoptosis. Additionally, glutamine treatment increased SOD and GSH-XP activity and decreased MDA content and increased Wnt3a and β-catenin protein levels. Interestingly, the DKK-1 (Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway inhibitor) decreased the antioxidant capacity of glutamine in Aβ25-35-treated PC12 cells. Conclusion This study suggests that glutamine could protect against oxidative stress-induced injury in AD mice via the Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Wang X, Zhang C, Zheng M, Gao F, Zhang J, Liu F. Metabolomics Analysis of L-Arginine Induced Gastrointestinal Motility Disorder in Rats Using UPLC-MS After Magnolol Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:183. [PMID: 30881305 PMCID: PMC6405429 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Magnolol, as the main active ingredient of Traditional Chinese Medicine, can significantly improve gastrointestinal motility disorders (GMD). In the present study, metabolomics was used to investigate the mechanism of magnolol improving L-arginine induced GMD in rats. Experimental Approach: SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and magnolol treated group. L-arginine was injected intraperitoneally in model and magnolol groups to induce GMD model. All intervention regimens were administered by oral gavage, once a day for five consecutive days. Relative gastric emptying rate and propulsive intestinal rate were measured. Metabolites in serum were analyzed based on UPLC-MS metabolomics technique. Results: Magnolol significantly promoted gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion. Compared with the model group, the level of serotonin and L-tryptophan significantly reversed (P < 0.05) and 22 metabolites reversed in the magnolol group. According to MetPA database analysis, magnolol has mainly affected 10 major metabolic pathways which were related to each other, Tryptophan metabolism is the most critical metabolic pathway associated with gastrointestinal tract. Conclusion: These findings suggest that magnolol has a significantly promoting effect on L-arginine induced gastrointestinal motility disorder in rats, the mechanism is to reduce the production of nitric oxide to weaken the function of nitric oxide relaxing the gastrointestinal smooth muscle and increase the content of serotonin to promote gastrointestinal peristalsis and motility, secretion, absorption of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Gao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Zhao Y, Wang Q, Wang Y, Li J, Lu G, Liu Z. Glutamine protects against oxidative stress injury through inhibiting the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in parkinsonian cell model. Environ Health Prev Med 2019; 24:4. [PMID: 30611190 PMCID: PMC6320634 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-018-0757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, and recent studies suggested that oxidative stress contributes to the degeneration of dopamine cell in Parkinson's disease. Glutamine also has a positive role in reducing oxidative stress damage. In this study, we hypothesized that glutamine offers protection against oxidative stress injury in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced Parkinson's disease cell model. METHODS MPP+ was used to induce PD models in PC12 cells and classified into control, M0 (MPP+), G0 (glutamine), and M0+G0 groups. CCK-8 and AO/EB staining assays were used to examine cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Western blotting was applied to examine the protein expression of PI3K, P-Akt, Akt, P-mTOR, and mTOR. RESULTS We showed that glutamine suppressed cytotoxicity induced by MPP+ in PC12 cells. MPP+ decreased the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity and increased the malondialdehyde content, which were restored by glutamine. Moreover, MPP+ increased the expression of PI3K, P-Akt, Akt, P-mTOR, and mTOR, which were inhibited by glutamine. And the antioxidant capacity of glutamine on PC12 cells could be improved by LY294002 and inhibited by IGF-1. CONCLUSION These results suggest that glutamine strengthens the antioxidant capacity in PC12 cells induced by MPP+ through inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The effects of glutamine should be investigated and the protective mechanism of glutamine in PD must be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqian Zhao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, China
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Qindu District, Xianyang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Innovation Research Center of Acupuncture and Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Qindu District, Xianyang, Shaanxi China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Qindu District, Xianyang, Shaanxi China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Innovation Research Center of Acupuncture and Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Qindu District, Xianyang, Shaanxi China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Qindu District, Xianyang, Shaanxi China
| | - Jie Li
- Innovation Research Center of Acupuncture and Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Qindu District, Xianyang, Shaanxi China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Qindu District, Xianyang, Shaanxi China
| | - Gang Lu
- Innovation Research Center of Acupuncture and Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Qindu District, Xianyang, Shaanxi China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Qindu District, Xianyang, Shaanxi China
| | - Zhibin Liu
- Innovation Research Center of Acupuncture and Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Qindu District, Xianyang, Shaanxi China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Qindu District, Xianyang, Shaanxi China
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Islam MI, Shanta MA, Mondal M, Hoque N, Majumder S, Ahmed T, Rana MS. Protective effect of chloroform extract of Stereospermum chelonoides bark against amyloid beta42 induced cell death in SH-SY5Y cells and against inflammation in Swiss albino mice. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 29:621-630. [PMID: 30030961 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background This study was designed to evaluate the free radical scavenging property of chloroform extract of the bark of Stereospermum chelonoides (SCBC) and to investigate its potential in Alzheimer's disease and inflammation, two oxidative stress related disorders. Methods Preliminary phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant potential of SCBC were evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and total antioxidant capacity determination assay. Total phenol and total flavonoid contents were also determined. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) based cytotoxicity and cyto-protective assays were performed on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Thioflavin-T assay and caspase activation measurement assay were carried out to elucidate the mechanism of cytoprotection of SCBC observed here. In vivo anti-inflammatory potential was measured using croton oil and xylene induced ear edema tests. Results Phytochemical screening of SCBC revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents. Dose-dependent in vitro antioxidant activity was observed. The extract was enriched in flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds too. SCBC was found to inhibit amyloid-β peptide 1-42 (Aβ42) induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Encouraged by the cyto-protective effect, its effects on Aβ42 fibrillogenesis and caspase-3 activated apoptosis were observed. SCBC significantly slowed down the Aβ42 fibrillogenesis and caspase-3 activation in a concentration-dependent manner indicating its probable mechanism of rendering cyto-protection. SCBC has been able to reduce inflammation significantly in croton oil induced ear edema in both doses. Conclusions Thus, this study could form the basis for further study for the potential use of SCBC in oxidative stress associated cell death and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Imamul Islam
- Department of Medical Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea.,Laboratory of Natural Products Research, Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
| | - Meena Afroze Shanta
- Laboratory of Natural Products Research, Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh.,Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Aftabnagar, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh, Phone: +8801717400626
| | - Milon Mondal
- Laboratory of Natural Products Research, Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
| | - Nazia Hoque
- Laboratory of Natural Products Research, Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh.,Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Aftabnagar, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh
| | - Senjuti Majumder
- Laboratory of Natural Products Research, Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh.,Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Kamal Ataturk Avenue, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh
| | - Taksim Ahmed
- Laboratory of Natural Products Research, Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh.,University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Md Sohel Rana
- Laboratory of Natural Products Research, Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
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Gertsvolf N, Votava-Smith JK, Ceschin R, Del Castillo S, Lee V, Lai HA, Bluml S, Paquette L, Panigrahy A. Association between Subcortical Morphology and Cerebral White Matter Energy Metabolism in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14057. [PMID: 30232359 PMCID: PMC6145929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32288-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex congenital heart disease (CHD) is associated with neurodevelopmental impairment, the mechanism of which is unknown. Cerebral cortical dysmaturation in CHD is linked to white matter abnormalities, including developmental vulnerability of the subplate, in relation to oxygen delivery and metabolism deficits. In this study, we report associations between subcortical morphology and white matter metabolism in neonates with CHD using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS). Multi-modal brain imaging was performed in three groups of neonates close to term-equivalent age: (1) term CHD (n = 56); (2) preterm CHD (n = 37) and (3) preterm control group (n = 22). Thalamic volume and cerebellar transverse diameter were obtained in relation to cerebral metrics and white matter metabolism. Short echo single-voxel MRS of parietal and frontal white matter was used to quantitate metabolites related to brain maturation (n-acetyl aspartate [NAA], choline, myo-inositol), neurotransmitter (glutamate), and energy metabolism (glutamine, citrate, creatine and lactate). Multi-variate regression was performed to delineate associations between subcortical morphological measurements and white matter metabolism controlling for age and white matter injury. Reduced thalamic volume, most pronounced in the preterm control group, was associated with increased citrate levels in all three group in the parietal white matter. In contrast, reduced cerebellar volume, most pronounced in the preterm CHD group, was associated with reduced glutamine in parietal grey matter in both CHD groups. Single ventricle anatomy, aortic arch obstruction, and cyanotic lesion were predictive of the relationship between reduced subcortical morphometry and reduced GLX (particularly glutamine) in both CHD cohorts (frontal white matter and parietal grey matter). Subcortical morphological associations with brain metabolism were also distinct within each of the three groups, suggesting these relationships in the CHD groups were not directly related to prematurity or white matter injury alone. Taken together, these findings suggest that subplate vulnerability in CHD is likely relevant to understanding the mechanism of both cortical and subcortical dysmaturation in CHD infants. Future work is needed to link this potential pattern of encephalopathy of CHD (including the constellation of grey matter, white matter and brain metabolism deficits) to not only abnormal fetal substrate delivery and oxygen conformance, but also regional deficits in cerebral energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Gertsvolf
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jodie K Votava-Smith
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rafael Ceschin
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Sylvia Del Castillo
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vince Lee
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Hollie A Lai
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Bluml
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Paquette
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Dey A, Allen JN, Fraser JW, Snyder LM, Tian Y, Zhang L, Paulson RF, Patterson A, Cantorna MT, Hankey-Giblin PA. Neuroprotective Role of the Ron Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Underlying Central Nervous System Inflammation in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:513. [PMID: 29616029 PMCID: PMC5868034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a critical problem in aging populations and is characterized by severe central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. Macrophages closely regulate inflammation in the CNS and periphery by taking on different activation states. The source of inflammation in many neurodegenerative diseases has been preliminarily linked to a decrease in the CNS M2 macrophage population and a subsequent increase in M1-mediated neuroinflammation. The Recepteur D'Origine Nantais (Ron) is a receptor tyrosine kinase expressed on tissue-resident macrophages including microglia. Activation of Ron by its ligand, macrophage-stimulating protein, attenuates obesity-mediated inflammation in the periphery. An in vivo deletion of the ligand binding domain of Ron (Ron-/-) promotes inflammatory (M1) and limits a reparative (M2) macrophage activation. However, whether or not this response influences CNS inflammation has not been determined. In this study, we demonstrate that in homeostasis Ron-/- mice developed an inflammatory CNS niche with increased tissue expression of M1-associated markers when compared to age-matched wild-type (WT) mice. Baseline metabolic analysis of CNS tissue indicates exacerbated levels of metabolic stress in Ron-/- CNS. In a disease model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Ron-/- mice exhibit higher disease severity when compared to WT mice associated with increased CNS tissue inflammation. In a model of diet-induced obesity (DIO), Ron-/- mice exhibit exacerbated CNS inflammation with decreased expression of the M2 marker Arginase-1 (Arg-1) and a robust increase in M1 markers compared to WT mice following 27 weeks of DIO. Collectively, these results illustrate that activation of Ron in the CNS could be a potential therapeutic approach to treating various grades of CNS inflammation underlying neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adwitia Dey
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Joselyn N Allen
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - James W Fraser
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Lindsay M Snyder
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Yuan Tian
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Robert F Paulson
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Andrew Patterson
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Margherita T Cantorna
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Pamela A Hankey-Giblin
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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Polis B, Samson AO. Arginase as a Potential Target in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/aad.2018.74009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Metabolomics and mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease. Genes Genomics 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-016-0494-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Amino Acid Catabolism in Alzheimer's Disease Brain: Friend or Foe? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5472792. [PMID: 28261376 PMCID: PMC5316456 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5472792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a dire need to discover new targets for Alzheimer's disease (AD) drug development. Decreased neuronal glucose metabolism that occurs in AD brain could play a central role in disease progression. Little is known about the compensatory neuronal changes that occur to attempt to maintain energy homeostasis. In this review using the PubMed literature database, we summarize evidence that amino acid oxidation can temporarily compensate for the decreased glucose metabolism, but eventually altered amino acid and amino acid catabolite levels likely lead to toxicities contributing to AD progression. Because amino acids are involved in so many cellular metabolic and signaling pathways, the effects of altered amino acid metabolism in AD brain are far-reaching. Possible pathological results from changes in the levels of several important amino acids are discussed. Urea cycle function may be induced in endothelial cells of AD patient brains, possibly to remove excess ammonia produced from increased amino acid catabolism. Studying AD from a metabolic perspective provides new insights into AD pathogenesis and may lead to the discovery of dietary metabolite supplements that can partially compensate for alterations of enzymatic function to delay AD or alleviate some of the suffering caused by the disease.
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A sensitive single-enzyme assay system using the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase BpsA for measurement of L-glutamine in biological samples. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41745. [PMID: 28139746 PMCID: PMC5282505 DOI: 10.1038/srep41745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to rapidly, economically and accurately measure L-glutamine concentrations in biological samples is important for many areas of research, medicine or industry, however there is room for improvement on existing methods. We describe here how the enzyme BpsA, a single-module non-ribosomal peptide synthetase able to convert L-glutamine into the blue pigment indigoidine, can be used to accurately measure L-glutamine in biological samples. Although indigoidine has low solubility in aqueous solutions, meaning direct measurements of indigoidine synthesis do not reliably yield linear standard curves, we demonstrate that resolubilisation of the reaction end-products in DMSO overcomes this issue and that spontaneous reduction to colourless leuco-indigoidine occurs too slowly to interfere with assay accuracy. Our protocol is amenable to a 96-well microtitre format and can be used to measure L-glutamine in common bacterial and mammalian culture media, urine, and deproteinated plasma. We show that active BpsA can be prepared in high yield by expressing it in the apo-form to avoid the toxicity of indigoidine to Escherichia coli host cells, then activating it to the holo-form in cell lysates prior to purification; and that BpsA has a lengthy shelf-life, retaining >95% activity when stored at either −20 °C or 4 °C for 24 weeks.
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Phelan MM, Caamaño-Gutiérrez E, Gant MS, Grosman RX, Madine J. Using an NMR metabolomics approach to investigate the pathogenicity of amyloid-beta and alpha-synuclein. Metabolomics 2017; 13:151. [PMID: 29142509 PMCID: PMC5661010 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-017-1289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pathogenicity at differing points along the aggregation pathway of many fibril-forming proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases is unclear. Understanding the effect of different aggregation states of these proteins on cellular processes is essential to enhance understanding of diseases and provide future options for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. OBJECTIVES To establish a robust method to probe the metabolic changes of neuronal cells and use it to monitor cellular response to challenge with three amyloidogenic proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases in different aggregation states. METHOD Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were employed to design a robust routine system to perform a statistically rigorous NMR metabolomics study into cellular effects of sub-toxic levels of alpha-synuclein, amyloid-beta 40 and amyloid-beta 42 in monomeric, oligomeric and fibrillar conformations. RESULTS This investigation developed a rigorous model to monitor intracellular metabolic profiles of neuronal cells through combination of existing methods. This model revealed eight key metabolites that are altered when neuroblastoma cells are challenged with proteins in different aggregation states. Metabolic pathways associated with lipid metabolism, neurotransmission and adaptation to oxidative stress and inflammation are the predominant contributors to the cellular variance and intracellular metabolite levels. The observed metabolite changes for monomer and oligomer challenge may represent cellular effort to counteract the pathogenicity of the challenge, whereas fibrillar challenge is indicative of system shutdown. This implies that although markers of stress are more prevalent under oligomeric challenge the fibrillar response suggests a more toxic environment. CONCLUSION This approach is applicable to any cell type that can be cultured in a laboratory (primary or cell line) as a method of investigating how protein challenge affects signalling pathways, providing additional understanding as to the role of protein aggregation in neurodegenerative disease initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Phelan
- 0000 0004 1936 8470grid.10025.36Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - E. Caamaño-Gutiérrez
- 0000 0004 1936 8470grid.10025.36Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M. S. Gant
- 0000 0004 1936 8470grid.10025.36Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - R. X. Grosman
- 0000 0004 1936 8470grid.10025.36Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J. Madine
- 0000 0004 1936 8470grid.10025.36Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Leite JSM, Cruzat VF, Krause M, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Physiological regulation of the heat shock response by glutamine: implications for chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases in age-related conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s41110-016-0021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Jiang Q, Wang M, Yang L, Chen H, Mao L. Synergistic Coordination and Hydrogen Bonding Interaction Modulate the Emission of Iridium Complex for Highly Sensitive Glutamine Imaging in Live Cells. Anal Chem 2016; 88:10322-10327. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Jiang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems and Photochemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems and Photochemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lifen Yang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems and Photochemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems and Photochemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems and Photochemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Vicentini GE, Fracaro L, de Souza SRG, Martins HA, Guarnier FA, Zanoni JN. Experimental Cancer Cachexia Changes Neuron Numbers and Peptide Levels in the Intestine: Partial Protective Effects after Dietary Supplementation with L-Glutamine. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162998. [PMID: 27635657 PMCID: PMC5026352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal dysmotility frequently occurs in cancer cachexia and may result from damage to enteric innervation caused by oxidative stress, especially due to glutathione depletion. We assessed the effect of dietary supplementation with 20 g/kg l-glutamine (a glutathione precursor) on the intrinsic innervation of the enteric nervous system in healthy and Walker 256 tumor-bearing Wistar rats during the development of experimental cachexia (14 days), in comparison with non-supplemented rats, by using immunohistochemical methods and Western blotting. The total neural population and cholinergic subpopulation densities in the myenteric plexus, as well as the total population and VIPergic subpopulation in the submucosal plexus of the jejunum and ileum, were reduced in cachectic rats, resulting in adaptive morphometric alterations and an increase in vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression, suggesting a neuroplastic response. l-glutamine supplementation prevented decrease in myenteric neuronal density in the ileum, morphometric alterations in the neurons and nerve fibers (in both the plexuses of the jejunum and ileum), and the overexpression of VIP and CGRP. Cancer cachexia severely affected the intrinsic innervation of the jejunum and ileum to various degrees and this injury seems to be associated with adaptive neural plasticity. l-glutamine supplementation presented partial protective effects on the enteric innervation against cancer cachexia, possibly by attenuating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldo E. Vicentini
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Luciane Fracaro
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Sara R. G. de Souza
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Heber A. Martins
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Flávia A. Guarnier
- Department of General Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline N. Zanoni
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Chen J, Chen Y, Vail G, Chow H, Zhang Y, Louie L, Li J, Hart RP, Plummer MR, Herrup K. The impact of glutamine supplementation on the symptoms of ataxia-telangiectasia: a preclinical assessment. Mol Neurodegener 2016; 11:60. [PMID: 27538496 PMCID: PMC4991002 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-016-0127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) suggested that glutamine broadly improves cellular readiness to respond to stress and acts as a neuroprotectant both in vitro and in AD mouse models. We now expand our studies to a second neurodegenerative disease, ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T). Unlike AD, where clinically significant cognitive decline does not typically occur before age 65, A-T symptoms appear in early childhood and are caused exclusively by mutations in the ATM (A-T mutated) gene. RESULTS Genetically ATM-deficient mice and wild type littermates were maintained with or without 4 % glutamine in their drinking water for several weeks. In ATM mutants, glutamine supplementation restored serum glutamine and glucose levels and reduced body weight loss. Lost neurophysiological function assessed through the magnitude of hippocampal long term potentiation was significantly restored. Glutamine supplemented mice also showed reduced thymus pathology and, remarkably, a full one-third extension of lifespan. In vitro assays revealed that ATM-deficient cells are more sensitive to glutamine deprivation, while supra-molar glutamine (8 mM) partially rescued the reduction of BDNF expression and HDAC4 nuclear translocation of genetically mutant Atm(-/-) neurons. Analysis of microarray data suggested that glutamine metabolism is significantly altered in human A-T brains as well. CONCLUSION Glutamine is a powerful part of an organism's internal environment. Changes in its concentrations can have a huge impact on the function of all organ systems, especially the brain. Glutamine supplementation thus bears consideration as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of human A-T and perhaps other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Yanping Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Graham Vail
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Heiman Chow
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yang Zhang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Lauren Louie
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Jiali Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.,Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ronald P Hart
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Mark R Plummer
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Karl Herrup
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.,Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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