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Shetty A, Tripathi SK, Junttila S, Buchacher T, Biradar R, Bhosale S, Envall T, Laiho A, Moulder R, Rasool O, Galande S, Elo L, Lahesmaa R. A systematic comparison of FOSL1, FOSL2 and BATF-mediated transcriptional regulation during early human Th17 differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:4938-4958. [PMID: 35511484 PMCID: PMC9122603 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Th17 cells are essential for protection against extracellular pathogens, but their aberrant activity can cause autoimmunity. Molecular mechanisms that dictate Th17 cell-differentiation have been extensively studied using mouse models. However, species-specific differences underscore the need to validate these findings in human. Here, we characterized the human-specific roles of three AP-1 transcription factors, FOSL1, FOSL2 and BATF, during early stages of Th17 differentiation. Our results demonstrate that FOSL1 and FOSL2 co-repress Th17 fate-specification, whereas BATF promotes the Th17 lineage. Strikingly, FOSL1 was found to play different roles in human and mouse. Genome-wide binding analysis indicated that FOSL1, FOSL2 and BATF share occupancy over regulatory regions of genes involved in Th17 lineage commitment. These AP-1 factors also share their protein interacting partners, which suggests mechanisms for their functional interplay. Our study further reveals that the genomic binding sites of FOSL1, FOSL2 and BATF harbour hundreds of autoimmune disease-linked SNPs. We show that many of these SNPs alter the ability of these transcription factors to bind DNA. Our findings thus provide critical insights into AP-1-mediated regulation of human Th17-fate and associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rahul Biradar
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Santosh D Bhosale
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Protein Research Group, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M, DK 5230, Denmark
| | - Tapio Envall
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Asta Laiho
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Robert Moulder
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Omid Rasool
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Sanjeev Galande
- Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics, Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi-NCR
| | - Laura L Elo
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Laura Elo. Tel: +358 29 450 2090;
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +358 29 450 2415;
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Trackman PC, Peymanfar Y, Roy S. Functions and Mechanisms of Pro-Lysyl Oxidase Processing in Cancers and Eye Pathologies with a Focus on Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5088. [PMID: 35563478 PMCID: PMC9105217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidases are multifunctional proteins derived from five lysyl oxidase paralogues (LOX) and lysyl oxidase-like 1 through lysyl oxidase-like 4 (LOXL1-LOXL4). All participate in the biosynthesis of and maturation of connective tissues by catalyzing the oxidative deamination of lysine residues in collagens and elastin, which ultimately results in the development of cross-links required to function. In addition, the five LOX genes have been linked to fibrosis and cancer when overexpressed, while tumor suppression by the propeptide derived from pro-LOX has been documented. Similarly, in diabetic retinopathy, LOX overexpression, activity, and elevated LOX propeptide have been documented. The proteolytic processing of pro-forms of the respective proteins is beginning to draw attention as the resultant peptides appear to exhibit their own biological activities. In this review we focus on the LOX paralogue, and what is known regarding its extracellular biosynthetic processing and the still incomplete knowledge regarding the activities and mechanisms of the released lysyl oxidase propeptide (LOX-PP). In addition, a summary of the roles of both LOX and LOX-PP in diabetic retinopathy, and brief mentions of the roles for LOX and closely related LOXL1 in glaucoma, and keratoconus, respectively, are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C. Trackman
- The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;
- Department of Translational Dental Medicine, Boston University Henry M Goldman School of Dental Medicine, 700 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Yaser Peymanfar
- The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;
| | - Sayon Roy
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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3
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Blimp-1 is a prognostic indicator for progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:1991-2002. [PMID: 35386001 PMCID: PMC9294030 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-03993-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) to higher grade disease is associated with persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and an absence of immune-mediated regression. However, the immune microenvironment that distinguishes progression from persistent or regressing lesions has not been well defined. Methods A total of 69 patients under the age of 25 with high-risk HPV-positive cytology and biopsy-confirmed p16-positive CIN2 were included in the study. Biopsies were stained using 20 antibodies to a range of immune markers. Based on a 2-year follow-up, samples were analysed in “progressor” (CIN3 +) or “persister/regressor” (CIN1, 2 or normal) groups. Results Progression was most strongly associated with Blimp-1 positive cell staining in the lesion (P = 0.0019) and with low numbers of infiltrating CD4 cells in the dermal region beneath the lesion (P = 0.0022). The presence of CD4, CD8 and T bet-positive cells in the dermal region most strongly correlated with CD11c cells in the persister/regressor but not the progressor group. Conclusion High numbers of Blimp-1 + cells in CIN2 lesions may predict progression to more severe disease. Measurement of Blimp-1 may have diagnostic utility for the determination of the need to treat women with cervical pre-cancer. Highlights CIN2 progression is associated with high numbers of Blimp-1 positive cells in the lesion. Detection of Blimp-1 in the lesion may have utility as a prognostic test to inform the need to treat CIN2. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00432-022-03993-4.
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Lee H, Huang DY, Chang HC, Lin CY, Ren WY, Dai YS, Lin WW. Blimp-1 Upregulation by Multiple Ligands via EGFR Transactivation Inhibits Cell Migration in Keratinocytes and Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:763678. [PMID: 35185556 PMCID: PMC8847214 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.763678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1) is a transcriptional repressor and plays a crucial role in the regulation of development and functions of various immune cells. Currently, there is limited understanding about the regulation of Blimp-1 expression and cellular functions in keratinocytes and cancer cells. Previously we demonstrated that EGF can upregulate Blimp-1 gene expression in keratinocytes, playing a negative role in regulation of cell migration and inflammation. Because it remains unclear if Blimp-1 can be regulated by other stimuli beyond EGF, here we further investigated multiple stimuli for their regulation of Blimp-1 expression in keratinocytes and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We found that PMA, TNF-α, LPS, polyIC, H2O2 and UVB can upregulate the protein and/or mRNA levels of Blimp-1 in HaCaT and SCC cells. Concomitant EGFR activation was observed by these stimuli, and EGFR inhibitor gefitinib and Syk inhibitor can block Blimp-1 gene expression caused by PMA. Reporter assay of Blimp-1 promoter activity further indicated the involvement of AP-1 in PMA-, TNF-α-, LPS- and EGF-elicited Blimp-1 mRNA expression. Confocal microscopic data indicated the nuclear loclization of Blimp-1, and such localization was not changed by stimuli. Moreover, Blimp-1 silencing enhanced SCC cell migration. Taken together, Blimp-1 can be transcriptionally upregulated by several stimuli in keratinocytes and SCC via EGFR transactivation and AP-1 pathway. These include growth factor PMA, cytokine TNF-α, TLR ligands (LPS and polyIC), and ROS insults (H2O2 and UVB). The function of Blimp-1 as a negative regulator of cell migration in SCC can provide a new therapeutic target in SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Duen-Yi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Ching Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yee Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Shia Dai
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Wan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Interleukin 21 Receptor/Ligand Interaction Is Linked to Disease Progression in Pancreatic Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091104. [PMID: 31540511 PMCID: PMC6770770 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) displays a marked fibro-inflammatory microenvironment in which infiltrated immune cells fail to eliminate the tumor cells and often—rather paradoxically—promote tumor progression. Of special interest are tumor-promoting T cells that assume a Th17-like phenotype because their presence in PDAC tissue is associated with a poor prognosis. In that context, the role of IL-21, a major cytokine released by Th17-like cells, was assessed. In all tissue samples (n = 264) IL-21+ immune cells were detected by immunohistochemistry and high density of those cells was associated with poor prognosis. In the majority of patients (221/264), tumor cells expressed the receptor for IL-21 (IL-21R) and also a downstream target of IL-21, Blimp-1 (199/264). Blimp-1 expression closely correlated with IL-21R expression and multivariate analysis revealed that expression of both IL-21R and Blimp-1 was associated with shorter survival time of the patients. In vitro data using pancreatic tumor cells lines provided a possible explanation: IL-21 activated ERK and STAT3 pathways and upregulated Blimp-1. Moreover, IL-21 increased invasion of tumor cell lines in a Blimp-1-dependent manner. As an in vivo correlate, an avian xenograft model was used. Here again Blimp-1 expression was significantly upregulated in IL-21 stimulated tumor cells. In summary, our data showed an association of IL-21+ immune cell infiltration and IL-21 receptor expression in PDAC with poor survival, most likely due to an IL-21-mediated promotion of tumor cell invasion and enhanced colony formation, supporting the notion of the tumor-promoting abilities of the tumor microenvironment.
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Tan SX, Hu RC, Xia Q, Tan YL, Liu JJ, Gan GX, Wang LL. The methylation profiles of PRDM promoters in non-small cell lung cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2991-3002. [PMID: 29872311 PMCID: PMC5973400 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s156775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading malignant tumors worldwide. Aberrant gene promoter methylation contributes to NSCLC, and PRDM is a tumor suppressor gene family that possesses histone methyltransferase activity. This study aimed to investigate whether aberrant methylation of PRDM promoter is involved in NSCLC. Materials and methods Primary tumor tissues, adjacent nontumorous tissues, and distant lung tissues were collected from 75 NSCLC patients including 52 lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) patients and 23 lung adenocarcinoma patients. The expression of PRDMs was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemical analysis. The methylation of PRDM promoters was detected by methylation-specific PCR. The correlation of methylation and expression of PRDMs with clinicopathological characteristics of patients were analyzed. Results mRNA expression of PRDM2, PRDM5, and PRDM16 was low or absent in tumor tissues compared to distant lung tissues. The methylation frequencies of PRDM2, PRDM5, and PRDM16 in tumor tissues were significantly higher than those in distal lung tissues. In LSCC patients, methylation of PRDM2 and PRDM16 was correlated with smoking status and methylation of PRDM5 was correlated with tumor differentiation. Conclusion The expression of PRDM2, PRDM5, and PRDM16 is low or absent in NSCLC, and this is mainly due to gene promoter methylation. Smoking may be an important cause of PRDM2 and PRDM16 methylation in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Xiang Tan
- Hunan Province Institute of Gerontology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui-Cheng Hu
- Hunan Province Institute of Gerontology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Xia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong-Li Tan
- Hunan Province Institute of Gerontology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing-Jing Liu
- Hunan Province Institute of Gerontology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Gui-Xiang Gan
- Hunan Province Institute of Gerontology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Li-le Wang
- Hunan Province Institute of Gerontology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Galectin-1 knockdown improves drug sensitivity of breast cancer by reducing P-glycoprotein expression through inhibiting the Raf-1/AP-1 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 8:25097-25106. [PMID: 28212576 PMCID: PMC5421912 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a member of the galectin family of carbohydrate binding proteins, plays a pivotal role in various cellular processes of tumorigenesis. The regulatory effect of Gal-1 on multidrug resistance (MDR) breast cancer cells is still unclear. qRT-PCR and western blot showed that Gal-1 and MDR gene 1 (MDR1) were both highly expressed in breast tumor tissues and cell lines. MTT assay and flow cytometry revealed that Gal-1 knockdown improved sensitivity to paclitaxel (PTX) and adriamycin (ADR) in MCF-7/PTX and MCF-7/ADR cells via inhibition of cell viability and promotion of cell apoptosis, while MDR1 overexpression weakened the sensitivity to PTX and ADR induced by Gal-1 knockdown. Furthermore, the negative effects of Gal-1 knockdown on sensitivity to PTX and ADR in MCF-7/PTX and MCF-7/ADR cells were revealed to be mediated via the suppression of Raf-1/AP-1 pathway. In conclusion, Gal-1 knockdown dramatically improved drug sensitivity of breast cancer by reducing P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression via inhibiting the Raf-1/AP-1 pathway, providing a novel therapeutic target to overcome MDR in breast cancer.
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Chiou SH, Risca VI, Wang GX, Yang D, Grüner BM, Kathiria AS, Ma RK, Vaka D, Chu P, Kozak M, Castellini L, Graves EE, Kim GE, Mourrain P, Koong AC, Giaccia AJ, Winslow MM. BLIMP1 Induces Transient Metastatic Heterogeneity in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:1184-1199. [PMID: 28790031 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most metastatic and deadly cancers. Despite the clinical significance of metastatic spread, our understanding of molecular mechanisms that drive PDAC metastatic ability remains limited. By generating a genetically engineered mouse model of human PDAC, we uncover a transient subpopulation of cancer cells with exceptionally high metastatic ability. Global gene expression profiling and functional analyses uncovered the transcription factor BLIMP1 as a driver of PDAC metastasis. The highly metastatic PDAC subpopulation is enriched for hypoxia-induced genes, and hypoxia-mediated induction of BLIMP1 contributes to the regulation of a subset of hypoxia-associated gene expression programs. These findings support a model in which upregulation of BLIMP1 links microenvironmental cues to a metastatic stem cell character.Significance: PDAC is an almost uniformly lethal cancer, largely due to its tendency for metastasis. We define a highly metastatic subpopulation of cancer cells, uncover a key transcriptional regulator of metastatic ability, and define hypoxia as an important factor within the tumor microenvironment that increases metastatic proclivity. Cancer Discov; 7(10); 1184-99. ©2017 AACR.See related commentary by Vakoc and Tuveson, p. 1067This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1047.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Heng Chiou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Viviana I Risca
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Gordon X Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Dian Yang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Barbara M Grüner
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Arwa S Kathiria
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Rosanna K Ma
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Dedeepya Vaka
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Pauline Chu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Margaret Kozak
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Laura Castellini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Edward E Graves
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Grace E Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Philippe Mourrain
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Albert C Koong
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Amato J Giaccia
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Monte M Winslow
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. .,Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Yadav S, Kalra N, Ganju L, Singh M. Activator protein-1 (AP-1): a bridge between life and death in lung epithelial (A549) cells under hypoxia. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 436:99-110. [PMID: 28589371 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor plays a central role in hypoxia to modulate the expression of genes that decides the fate of the cell. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of AP-1 subunits in lung epithelial (A549) cells under hypoxia. Cell cycle studies by flow cytometry indicated that cell viability was unaffected by the initial hypoxia exposure (0.5% O2 at 37 °C) for 6 and 12 h. However, both transient cell cycle arrest and cell death was detected at 24 and 48 h. Flow cytometry and spectrofluorometry data confirmed the increase in ROS levels. Elevated ROS and calcium levels activated the stress-related MAPK signaling cascade. ERK and JNK were activated in early hypoxic exposure (within 6 h), whereas p38 were activated in 48 h of hypoxia. These subtypes further stimulated the subunits of AP-1 at different times of hypoxia exposure to orchestrate different genes responsible for cell proliferation (6 and 12 h) and apoptosis (24 and 48 h). Our results clearly depict the role of AP-1 heterodimer, i.e., p-c-jun/c-fos, p-c-jun/fosB, junD/c-fos, and junD/fosB in cell proliferation/survival by regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and cyclins (D1 and B1) at 6 h and 12 h of hypoxia, whereas junB/Fra-1 heterodimer have important role in apoptosis by regulating the expression of p53, Bax, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (p16, p21, p27) at 24 h and 48 h of hypoxia. Also, the cell survival signaling pathway NO-AKT interrupted at 24 h and 48 h of hypoxia indicating cell death. In conclusion, hypoxia for different time points activated different subunits of AP-1 that combined to form different heterodimers. These dimers regulated the expression of genes responsible for cell proliferation and apoptosis. Since, AP-1 plays a role in the decisive phenomenon of the cell to choose between proliferation and apoptosis; thus, its subunits or dimers could be a good therapeutic target for many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Yadav
- Experimental Biology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Timarpur, Lucknow Road, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Namita Kalra
- Metabolic Cell Signaling Research Division, INMAS- DRDO, Timarpur, Lucknow Road, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Lilly Ganju
- Experimental Biology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Timarpur, Lucknow Road, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Mrinalini Singh
- Experimental Biology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Timarpur, Lucknow Road, Delhi, 110054, India.
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Sánchez-Morgan N, Kirsch KH, Trackman PC, Sonenshein GE. UXT Is a LOX-PP Interacting Protein That Modulates Estrogen Receptor Alpha Activity in Breast Cancer Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2347-2356. [PMID: 28106301 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The lysyl oxidase proenzyme propeptide region (LOX-PP) is a tumor suppressor protein whose mechanism of action is not completely understood. Here, the Ubiquitously expressed Transcript (UXT) was identified in a yeast two-hybrid assay with LOX-PP as bait and confirmed as a novel LOX-PP associating protein. UXT, a prefoldin-like protein, is ubiquitous in human and mouse. Since UXT modulates androgen receptor transcriptional activity in prostate cancer, we studied its role in breast cancer. Breast tumors and derived cell lines overexpressed UXT. UXT was able to associate with the estrogen receptor alpha (ER) and decrease its transcriptional activity and target gene expression. Conversely, UXT knockdown increased ER element-dependent transcriptional activity. Ectopic LOX-PP relocalized UXT to the cytoplasm and decreased its stability. UXT ubiquitination and depletion in the presence of LOX-PP was rescued by a proteasomal inhibitor. In summary, proteasome-mediated turnover of UXT upon interaction with LOX-PP releases repression of ER transcriptional activity. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2347-2356, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Sánchez-Morgan
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathrin H Kirsch
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Philip C Trackman
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gail E Sonenshein
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Dysregulation of Blimp1 transcriptional repressor unleashes p130Cas/ErbB2 breast cancer invasion. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1145. [PMID: 28442738 PMCID: PMC5430666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
ErbB2 overexpression is detected in approximately 20% of breast cancers and is correlated with poor survival. It was previously shown that the adaptor protein p130Cas/BCAR1 is a crucial mediator of ErbB2 transformation and that its overexpression confers invasive properties to ErbB2-positive human mammary epithelial cells. We herein prove, for the first time, that the transcriptional repressor Blimp1 is a novel mediator of p130Cas/ErbB2-mediated invasiveness. Indeed, high Blimp1 expression levels are detected in invasive p130Cas/ErbB2 cells and correlate with metastatic status in human breast cancer patients. The present study, by using 2D and 3D breast cancer models, shows that the increased Blimp1 expression depends on both MAPK activation and miR-23b downmodulation. Moreover, we demonstrate that Blimp1 triggers cell invasion and metastasis formation via its effects on focal adhesion and survival signaling. These findings unravel the previously unidentified role that transcriptional repressor Blimp1 plays in the control of breast cancer invasiveness.
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12
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Kang HB, Lee HR, Jee DJ, Shin SH, Nah SS, Yoon SY, Kim JW. PRDM1, a Tumor-Suppressor Gene, is Induced by Genkwadaphnin in Human Colon Cancer SW620 Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:172-9. [PMID: 26096175 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Genkwadaphnin (GD-1) is isolated from the flower buds of Daphne genkwa Siebold et Zuccarini (Thymelaeaceae), and it has been used as a traditional Korean and Chinese medicine. In this study, the authors observe that GD-1 inhibits the growth of the colon cancer cell line, SW620, through the up-regulation of p21 expression in a PRDM1-dependent manner. After treatment with GD-1, the transcriptional repressor PRDM1 is prominently induced in SW620 cells. Furthermore, GD-1 induce the phosphorylation of PKD1 and MEK and subsequently provide PRDM1 enhancement, resulting in the suppression of c-Myc expression and the up-regulation of p21. PKD1 knockdown using siRNA abrogates PRDM1 expression by GD-1 and subsequently disrupts the regulation of c-Myc and p21 expression. Treating SW620 cells with GD-1 inhibits cell-cycle progression and is characterized by the down-regulation of c-Myc followed by the up-regulation of p21 expression. The up-regulation of p21 by GD-1 induces the growth arrest of the SW620 colon cancer cell line. Based on these data, the authors propose that GD-1 has tumor-suppressor activity that may contribute to the anti-tumor effects of PRDM1 in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Bum Kang
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Reum Lee
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Jung Jee
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Shin
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Soonchunhyang Medical Science Research Institute, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Su Nah
- Head of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Choenan hospital College of Medicine, Choenan, 330-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Yoon
- ENZYCHEM Lifesciences, 103-6, KAIST-ICC F741, Munjidong, Daejeon, 305-732, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Wha Kim
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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13
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Zhang Y, Zeng C, Lu S, Qin T, Yang L, Chen S, Chen J, Li Y. Identification of miR-125b targets involved in acute promyelocytic leukemia cell proliferation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:1758-63. [PMID: 27613090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by the presence of the PML-RARα fusion protein. We have previously found that PML-RARα-regulated miR-125b is highly expressed in APL; however, the characteristics of the regulatory effects and mechanisms of miR-125b involved in APL proliferation have yet to be clarified. In this study, we demonstrate that miR-125b promotes the proliferation of APL cells with the involvement of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Furthermore, we identified BTG2, MAP3K11, RPS6KA1 and PRDM1 as putative targets of miR-125b, which we verified using luciferase reporter constructs. Moreover, we demonstrate that the expression of miR-125b targets is downregulated in leukemic cells in patients with APL. Thus, our results provide evidence that miR-125b can modulate multiple oncogenic cell proliferation pathways and may be a novel therapeutic target for APL.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Immediate-Early Proteins/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/genetics
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/genetics
- Male
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Positive Regulatory Domain I-Binding Factor 1
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- Young Adult
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 11
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikai Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chengwu Zeng
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Shuai Lu
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Tianyu Qin
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lijian Yang
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jie Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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14
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WANG JIE, YI SUQIN, ZHOU JUN, ZHANG YOUTAO, GUO FENG. The NF-κB subunit RelB regulates the migration and invasion abilities and the radio-sensitivity of prostate cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:381-92. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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15
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Alsulaiman M, Bais MV, Trackman PC. Lysyl oxidase propeptide stimulates osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and enhances PC3 and DU145 prostate cancer cell effects on bone in vivo. J Cell Commun Signal 2015; 10:17-31. [PMID: 26627907 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-015-0311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase pro-enzyme is secreted by tumor cells and normal cells as a 50 kDa pro-enzyme into the extracellular environment where it is cleaved into the ~30 kDa mature enzyme (LOX) and 18 kDa pro-peptide (LOX-PP). Extracellular LOX enzyme activity is required for normal collagen and elastin extracellular cross-linking and maturation of the extracellular matrix. Extracellular LOX-PP acts as a tumor suppressor and can re-enter cells from the extracellular environment to induce its effects. The underlying hypothesis is that LOX-PP has the potential to promote bone cell differentiation, while inhibiting cancer cell effects in bone. Here we investigate the effect of LOX-PP on bone marrow cell proliferation and differentiation towards osteoblasts or osteoclasts, and LOX-PP modulation of prostate cancer cell conditioned media-induced alterations of proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow cells in vitro. Effects of overexpression of rLOX-PP in DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines on bone structure in vivo after intramedullary injections were determined. Data show that prostate cancer cell conditioned media inhibited osteoblast differentiation in bone marrow-derived cells, which was reversed by rLOX-PP treatment. Prostate cancer conditioned media stimulated osteoclast differentiation which was further enhanced by rLOX-PP treatment. rLOX-PP stimulated osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting OPG expression, up-regulating CCN2 expression, and increasing osteoclast fusion. In vivo studies indicate that rLOX-PP expression by PC3 cells implanted into the tibia of mice further enhanced PC3 cell ability to resorb bone, while rLOX-PP expression in DU145 cells resulted in non-significant increases in net bone formation. rLOX-PP enhances both osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation. rLOX-PP may serve to enhance coupling interactions between osteoclasts and osteoblasts helping to maintain a normal bone turnover in health, while contributing to bone abnormalities in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Alsulaiman
- Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University, 700 Albany Street, W-201, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Manish V Bais
- Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University, 700 Albany Street, W-201, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Philip C Trackman
- Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University, 700 Albany Street, W-201, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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16
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Smith SM, Carew NT, Milcarek C. RNA polymerases in plasma cells trav-ELL2 the beat of a different drum. World J Immunol 2015; 5:99-112. [DOI: 10.5411/wji.v5.i3.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a major transformation in gene expression between mature B cells (including follicular, marginal zone, and germinal center cells) and antibody secreting cells (ASCs), i.e., ASCs, (including plasma blasts, splenic plasma cells, and long-lived bone marrow plasma cells). This significant change-over occurs to accommodate the massive amount of secretory-specific immunoglobulin that ASCs make and the export processes itself. It is well known that there is an up-regulation of a small number of ASC-specific transcription factors Prdm1 (B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1), interferon regulatory factor 4, and Xbp1, and the reciprocal down-regulation of Pax5, Bcl6 and Bach2, which maintain the B cell program. Less well appreciated are the major alterations in transcription elongation and RNA processing occurring between B cells and ASCs. The three ELL family members ELL1, 2 and 3 have different protein sequences and potentially distinct cellular roles in transcription elongation. ELL1 is involved in DNA repair and small RNAs while ELL3 was previously described as either testis or stem-cell specific. After B cell stimulation to ASCs, ELL3 levels fall precipitously while ELL1 falls off slightly. ELL2 is induced at least 10-fold in ASCs relative to B cells. All of these changes cause the RNA Polymerase II in ASCs to acquire different properties, leading to differences in RNA processing and histone modifications.
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17
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Determination of cell uptake pathways for tumor inhibitor lysyl oxidase propeptide. Mol Oncol 2015; 10:1-23. [PMID: 26297052 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The lysyl oxidase propeptide (LOX-PP) is derived from pro-lysyl oxidase (Pro-LOX) by extracellular biosynthetic proteolysis. LOX-PP inhibits breast and prostate cancer xenograft tumor growth and has tumor suppressor activity. Although, several intracellular targets and molecular mechanisms of action of LOX-PP have been identified, LOX-PP uptake pathways have not been reported. Here we demonstrate that the major uptake pathway for recombinant LOX-PP (rLOX-PP) is PI3K-dependent macropinocytosis in PWR-1E, PC3, SCC9, MDA-MB-231 cell lines. A secondary pathway appears to be dynamin- and caveola dependent. The ionic properties of highly basic rLOX-PP provide buffering capacity at both high and low pHs. We suggest that the buffering capacity of rLOX-PP, which serves to limit endosomal acidification, sustains PI3K-dependent macropinocytosis in endosomes which in turn is likely to facilitate LOX-PP endosomal escape into the cytoplasm and its observed interactions with cytoplasmic targets and nuclear uptake.
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18
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Brown L, Wan H. Desmoglein 3: a help or a hindrance in cancer progression? Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:266-86. [PMID: 25629808 PMCID: PMC4381258 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7010266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmoglein 3 is one of seven desmosomal cadherins that mediate cell-cell adhesion in desmosomes. Desmosomes are the intercellular junctional complexes that anchor the intermediate filaments of adjacent cells and confer strong cell adhesion thus are essential in the maintenance of tissue architecture and structural integrity. Like adherens junctions, desmosomes function as tumour suppressors and are down regulated in the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and in tumour cell invasion and metastasis. However, recently several studies have shown that various desmosomal components, including desmoglein 3, are up-regulated in cancer with increased levels of expression correlating with the clinical stage of malignancy, implicating their potentiality to serve as a diagnostic and prognostic marker. Furthermore, in vitro studies have demonstrated that overexpression of desmoglein 3 in cancer cell lines activates several signal pathways that have an impact on cell morphology, adhesion and locomotion. These additional signalling roles of desmoglein 3 may not be associated to its adhesive function in desmosomes but rather function outside of the junctions, acting as a key regulator in the control of actin based cellular processes. This review will discuss recent advances which support the role of desmoglein 3 in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Brown
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Center for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Blizard Building, London E1 2AT, UK.
| | - Hong Wan
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Center for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Blizard Building, London E1 2AT, UK.
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19
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Grötsch B, Brachs S, Lang C, Luther J, Derer A, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Bozec A, Fillatreau S, Berberich I, Hobeika E, Reth M, Wagner EF, Schett G, Mielenz D, David JP. The AP-1 transcription factor Fra1 inhibits follicular B cell differentiation into plasma cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:2199-212. [PMID: 25288397 PMCID: PMC4203943 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20130795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Grötsch et al. find that the AP-1 transcription factor Fra-1 limits the generation of antibody-producing plasma cells. Absence of Fra1 in B cells results in abnormally high numbers of plasma cells and increased antibody responses after vaccination. The cornerstone of humoral immunity is the differentiation of B cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells. This process is tightly controlled by a regulatory gene network centered on the transcriptional repressor B lymphocyte–induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp1). Proliferation of activated B cells is required to foster Blimp1 expression but needs to be terminated to avoid overshooting immune reactions. Activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factors become quickly up-regulated upon B cell activation. We demonstrate that Fra1, a Fos member of AP-1, enhances activation-induced cell death upon induction in activated B cells. Moreover, mice with B cell–specific deletion of Fra1 show enhanced plasma cell differentiation and exacerbated antibody responses. In contrast, transgenic overexpression of Fra1 blocks plasma cell differentiation and immunoglobulin production, which cannot be rescued by Bcl2. On the molecular level, Fra1 represses Blimp1 expression and interferes with binding of the activating AP-1 member c-Fos to the Blimp1 promoter. Conversely, overexpression of c-Fos in Fra1 transgenic B cells releases Blimp1 repression. As Fra1 lacks transcriptional transactivation domains, we propose that Fra1 inhibits Blimp1 expression and negatively controls plasma cell differentiation through binding to the Blimp1 promoter. In summary, we demonstrate that Fra1 negatively controls plasma cell differentiation by repressing Blimp1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Grötsch
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus Fiebiger Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Ophthalmology, Department Kopfklinik, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brachs
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus Fiebiger Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Ophthalmology, Department Kopfklinik, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christiane Lang
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus Fiebiger Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Ophthalmology, Department Kopfklinik, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Luther
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus Fiebiger Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Ophthalmology, Department Kopfklinik, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D91054 Erlangen, Germany Institute for Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Derer
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus Fiebiger Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Ophthalmology, Department Kopfklinik, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D91054 Erlangen, Germany Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus Fiebiger Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Ophthalmology, Department Kopfklinik, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ursula Schlötzer-Schrehardt
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus Fiebiger Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Ophthalmology, Department Kopfklinik, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aline Bozec
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus Fiebiger Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Ophthalmology, Department Kopfklinik, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Fillatreau
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, D10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingolf Berberich
- Institute for Virology und Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, D97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elias Hobeika
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, Faculty for Biology, and Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, University of Freiburg, D79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Reth
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, Faculty for Biology, and Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, University of Freiburg, D79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Spanish National Cancer Center, Genes, Development and Disease Group, E28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Georg Schett
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus Fiebiger Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Ophthalmology, Department Kopfklinik, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus Fiebiger Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Ophthalmology, Department Kopfklinik, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre David
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus Fiebiger Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Ophthalmology, Department Kopfklinik, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D91054 Erlangen, Germany Institute for Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D20246 Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Zheng Y, Wang X, Wang H, Yan W, Zhang Q, Chang X. Expression of the lysyl oxidase propeptide in hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical relevance. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:1669-76. [PMID: 24573150 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase is an important extracellular matrix remodeling enzyme and plays critical roles in tumor progression and development. Its tumor-suppressor activity has been shown to depend on the propeptide region. Previous studies have reported that the expression levels of lysyl oxidase propeptide (LOX-PP) are associated with cancer of the breast, pancreas, lung, prostate and gastrointestinal system. However, to date, the exact effects and molecular mechanisms of LOX-PP in hepatocellular carcinoma progression are still unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of LOX-PP in human hepatocellular carcinoma. First, 42 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and corresponding adjacent non-cancerous tissues (ANCTs) were collected, and the expression of LOX-PP in these samples was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The clinicopathological characteristics of all patients were recorded. Next, in in vitro studies, recombinant adenovirus LOX (ad-LOX-PP) was used to infect hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines to determine the function of LOX-PP. To determine whether ad-LOX-PP affects hepatocellular carcinoma cell survival, cell viability was examined by CCK-8 assay, and cell cycle progression was assessed by flow cytometry. We also investigated the effects of LOX-PP on the expression of cell cycle regulators (cyclin D1 and cyclin E) by western blot analysis. The migration and invasion capacities of hepatocellular carcinoma cells were observed by wound-healing and tranwell invasion assays. To further investigate how LOX-PP affects migration levels of matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were assessed by western blot analysis. Additionally, markers of the PI3K and MAPK signaling pathway were detected to further confirm the mechanisms of LOX-PP. As a result, reduced expression of LOX-PP was found in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues, when compared with that in the ANCTs (15 vs. 83%, P<0.01), and its expression was associated with tumor stage and distant metastasis (each P<0.05). Proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells was significantly decreased in the ad-LOX-PP group as indicated by CCK-8 assay. LOX-PP significantly reduced the expression of Ki-67, while prominent increases in the rate of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were observed. Similarly, cell migration was significantly inhibited in the ad-LOX-PP group as evidenced by transwell invasion and wound-healing assays. The expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were attenuated in the ad-LOX-PP group, suggesting that LOX-PP inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration via down-regulation of MMPs expression. When LOX-PP expression was potentiated by an adenovirus containing LOX-PP, the expression of p-ERK was significantly downregulated, indicating that LOX-PP inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and induces its apoptosis probably through downregulation of the MAPK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zheng
- Department of Anesthesia, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Haidong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Xin Chang
- Department of Imaging Medicine Center, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
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XU XIN, WANG BIN, XU YANLING. Expression of lysyl oxidase in human osteosarcoma and its clinical significance: A tumor suppressive role of LOX in human osteosarcoma cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1578-86. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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22
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TF/FVIIa/PAR2 promotes cell proliferation and migration via PKCα and ERK-dependent c-Jun/AP-1 pathway in colon cancer cell line SW620. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:2573-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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23
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Eliades A, Papadantonakis N, Matsuura S, Mi R, Bais MV, Trackman P, Ravid K. Megakaryocyte polyploidy is inhibited by lysyl oxidase propeptide. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:1242-50. [PMID: 23518500 DOI: 10.4161/cc.24312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs), the platelet precursors, undergo an endomitotic cell cycle that leads to polyploidy. Lysyl oxidase propeptide (LOX-PP) is generated from lysyl oxidase (LOX) pro-enzyme after proteolytical cleavage. We recently reported that LOX, a known matrix cross-linking enzyme, contributes to MK lineage expansion. In addition, LOX expression levels are ploidy-dependent, with polyploidy MKs having minimal levels. This led us to test the effects of LOX-PP on the number and ploidy of primary MKs. LOX-PP significantly decreases mouse bone marrow MK ploidy coupled with a reduction in MK size. MK number is unchanged upon LOX-PP treatment. Analysis of LOX-PP- or vehicle-treated MKs by western blotting revealed a reduction in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and in the levels of its downstream targets, cyclin D3 and cyclin E, which are known to play a central role in MK endomitosis. Pull-down assays and immunochemistry staining indicated that LOX-PP interacts with α-tubulin and the mictotubules, which can contribute to decreased MK ploidy. Thus, our findings defined a role for LOX-PP in reducing MK ploidy. This suggests that high-level expression of LOX in aberrantly proliferating MKs could play a part in inhibiting their polyploidization via LOX-PP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Eliades
- Department of Biochemistry, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
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