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Hu B, Pei J, Wan C, Liu S, Xu Z, Zou Y, Li Z, Tang Z. Mechanisms of Postischemic Stroke Angiogenesis: A Multifaceted Approach. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:4625-4646. [PMID: 39045531 PMCID: PMC11264385 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s461427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke constitutes a significant global health care challenge, and a comprehensive understanding of its recovery mechanisms is imperative for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. Angiogenesis, a pivotal element of ischemic tissue repair, facilitates the restoration of blood flow to damaged regions, thereby promoting neuronal regeneration and functional recovery. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying postischemic stroke angiogenesis remain incompletely elucidated. This review meticulously examines the constituents of the neurovascular unit, ion channels, molecular mediators, and signaling pathways implicated in angiogenesis following stroke. Furthermore, it delves into prospective therapeutic strategies informed by these factors. Our objective is to provide detailed and exhaustive information on the intricate mechanisms governing postischemic stroke angiogenesis, thus providing a robust scientific foundation for the advancement of novel neurorepair therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingchun Pei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qujing Medical College, Qujing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongwei Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhigao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
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Jha NK, Chen WC, Kumar S, Dubey R, Tsai LW, Kar R, Jha SK, Gupta PK, Sharma A, Gundamaraju R, Pant K, Mani S, Singh SK, Maccioni RB, Datta T, Singh SK, Gupta G, Prasher P, Dua K, Dey A, Sharma C, Mughal YH, Ruokolainen J, Kesari KK, Ojha S. Molecular mechanisms of developmental pathways in neurological disorders: a pharmacological and therapeutic review. Open Biol 2022; 12:210289. [PMID: 35291879 PMCID: PMC8924757 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental signalling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch and Sonic hedgehog play a central role in nearly all the stages of neuronal development. The term 'embryonic' might appear to be a misnomer to several people because these pathways are functional during the early stages of embryonic development and adulthood, albeit to a certain degree. Therefore, any aberration in these pathways or their associated components may contribute towards a detrimental outcome in the form of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and stroke. In the last decade, researchers have extensively studied these pathways to decipher disease-related interactions, which can be used as therapeutic targets to improve outcomes in patients with neurological abnormalities. However, a lot remains to be understood in this domain. Nevertheless, there is strong evidence supporting the fact that embryonic signalling is indeed a crucial mechanism as is manifested by its role in driving memory loss, motor impairments and many other processes after brain trauma. In this review, we explore the key roles of three embryonic pathways in modulating a range of homeostatic processes such as maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity, mitochondrial dynamics and neuroinflammation. In addition, we extensively investigated the effect of these pathways in driving the pathophysiology of a range of disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and diabetic neuropathy. The concluding section of the review is dedicated to neurotherapeutics, wherein we identify and list a range of biological molecules and compounds that have shown enormous potential in improving prognosis in patients with these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Wei-Chih Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Department of Medicine Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Medicine Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Information Technology Office, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Rohan Kar
- Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIMA), Gujarat 380015, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER Stress and Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7248, Australia
| | - Kumud Pant
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era deemed to be University Dehradun Uttarakhand, 248002 Dehradun, India
| | - Shalini Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Ricardo B. Maccioni
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC) and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Tirtharaj Datta
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, 302017 Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, and
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yasir Hayat Mughal
- Department of Health Administration, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, and
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 00076, Finland
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Uncovering the anti-angiogenic effect of semisynthetic triterpenoid CDDO-Im on HUVECs by an integrated network pharmacology approach. Comput Biol Med 2021; 141:105034. [PMID: 34802714 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To reveal the molecular mechanism of anti-angiogenic activity of semisynthetic triterpenoid CDDO-Im. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using re-analysis of cDNA microarray data of CDDO-Im-treated human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) (GSE71622), functional annotation of revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and analysis of their co-expression, the key processes induced by CDDO-Im in HUVECs were identified. Venn diagram analysis was further performed to reveal the common DEGs, i.e. genes both susceptible to CDDO-Im and involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. A list of probable protein targets of CDDO-Im was prepared based on Connectivity Map/cheminformatics analysis and chemical proteomics data, among which the proteins that were most associated with the angiogenesis-related regulome were identified. Finally, identified targets were validated by molecular docking and text mining approaches. KEY FINDINGS The effect of CDDO-Im in HUVECs can be divided into two main phases: the short early phase (0.5-3 h) with an acute FOXD1/CEBPA/JUNB-regulated pro-angiogenic response induced by xenobiotic stress, and the second anti-angiogenic step (6-24 h) with massive suppression of various angiogenesis-related processes, accompanied by the activation of cytoprotective mechanisms. Our analysis showed that the anti-angiogenic activity of CDDO-Im is mediated by its inhibition of the expression of PLAT, ETS1, A2M, SPAG9, RASGRP3, FBXO32, GCNT1 and HDGFRP3 and its direct interactions with EGFR, mTOR, NOS2, HSP90AA1, MDM2, SYK, IRF3, ATR and KIF14. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings provide valuable insights into the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the anti-angiogenic activity of cyano enone-bearing triterpenoids and revealed a range of novel promising therapeutic targets to control pathological neovascularization.
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Iriana S, Asha K, Repak M, Sharma-Walia N. Hedgehog Signaling: Implications in Cancers and Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1042. [PMID: 33494284 PMCID: PMC7864517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway is primarily involved in embryonic gut development, smooth muscle differentiation, cell proliferation, adult tissue homeostasis, tissue repair following injury, and tissue polarity during the development of vertebrate and invertebrate organisms. GLIoma-associated oncogene homolog (GLI) family of zinc-finger transcription factors and smoothened (SMO) are the signal transducers of the SHH pathway. Both SHH ligand-dependent and independent mechanisms activate GLI proteins. Various transcriptional mechanisms, posttranslational modifications (phosphorylation, ubiquitination, proteolytic processing, SUMOylation, and acetylation), and nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling control the activity of SHH signaling pathway proteins. The dysregulated SHH pathway is associated with bone and soft tissue sarcomas, GLIomas, medulloblastomas, leukemias, and tumors of breast, lung, skin, prostate, brain, gastric, and pancreas. While extensively studied in development and sarcomas, GLI family proteins play an essential role in many host-pathogen interactions, including bacterial and viral infections and their associated cancers. Viruses hijack host GLI family transcription factors and their downstream signaling cascades to enhance the viral gene transcription required for replication and pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss a distinct role(s) of GLI proteins in the process of tumorigenesis and host-pathogen interactions in the context of viral infection-associated malignancies and cancers due to other causes. Here, we emphasize the potential of the Hedgehog (HH) pathway targeting as a potential anti-cancer therapeutic approach, which in the future could also be tested in infection-associated fatalities.
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Role of Hedgehog Signaling in Vasculature Development, Differentiation, and Maintenance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123076. [PMID: 31238510 PMCID: PMC6627637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in vascular biology has first been highlighted in embryos by Pepicelli et al. in 1998 and Rowitch et al. in 1999. Since then, the proangiogenic role of the Hh ligands has been confirmed in adults, especially under pathologic conditions. More recently, the Hh signaling has been proposed to improve vascular integrity especially at the blood–brain barrier (BBB). However, molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the role of the Hh signaling in vascular biology remain poorly understood and conflicting results have been reported. As a matter of fact, in several settings, it is currently not clear whether Hh ligands promote vessel integrity and quiescence or destabilize vessels to promote angiogenesis. The present review relates the current knowledge regarding the role of the Hh signaling in vasculature development, maturation and maintenance, discusses the underlying proposed mechanisms and highlights controversial data which may serve as a guideline for future research. Most importantly, fully understanding such mechanisms is critical for the development of safe and efficient therapies to target the Hh signaling in both cancer and cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases.
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Oh JY, Suh HN, Choi GE, Lee HJ, Jung YH, Ko SH, Kim JS, Chae CW, Lee CK, Han HJ. Modulation of sonic hedgehog-induced mouse embryonic stem cell behaviours through E-cadherin expression and integrin β1-dependent F-actin formation. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3548-3562. [PMID: 29933500 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The sonic hedgehog pathway (Shh) plays a central role in maintaining stem cell function and behaviour in various processes related to self-renewal and tissue regeneration. However, the therapeutic effect of Shh on mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) has not yet been clearly elucidated. Thus, we investigated the effect of Shh on the regulation of mESC behaviour as well as the effect of Shh-pretreated mESCs in skin wound healing. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The underlying mechanisms of Shh signalling pathway in growth and motility of mESCs were investigated using Western blot analysis, a cell proliferation assay and cell migration assay. In addition, the effect of Shh-pretreated mESCs in skin wound healing was determined using a mouse excisional wound splinting model. KEY RESULTS Shh disrupted the adherens junction through proteolysis by activating MMPs. In addition, the release of β-catenin from adherens junctions mediated by Shh led to cell cycle-dependent mESC proliferation. Shh-mediated Gli1 expression led to integrin β1 up-regulation, followed by FAK and Src phosphorylation. Furthermore, among the Rho-GTPases, Rac1 and Cdc42 were activated in a Shh-dependent manner while F-actin expression was suppressed by Rac1 and Cdc42 siRNA transfection. Consistent with the in vitro results, the skin wound healing assay revealed that Shh-treated mESCs increased angiogenesis and skin wound repair compared to that in Shh-treated mESCs transfected with integrin β1 siRNA in vivo. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results imply that Shh induces adherens junction disruption and integrin β1-dependent F-actin formation by a mechanism involving FAK/Src and Rac1/Cdc42 signalling pathways in mESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Oh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Na Suh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Minipig Model Group, Animal Model Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Gee Euhn Choi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jik Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hyun Jung
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Hee Ko
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Woo Chae
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeong Chang, Kangwon do, Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Nguyen V, Sabeur K, Maltepe E, Ameri K, Bayraktar O, Rowitch DH. Sonic Hedgehog Agonist Protects Against Complex Neonatal Cerebellar Injury. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 17:213-227. [PMID: 29134361 PMCID: PMC5849674 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-017-0895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cerebellum undergoes rapid growth during the third trimester and is vulnerable to injury and deficient growth in infants born prematurely. Factors associated with preterm cerebellar hypoplasia include chronic lung disease and postnatal glucocorticoid administration. We modeled chronic hypoxemia and glucocorticoid administration in neonatal mice to study whole cerebellar and cell type-specific effects of dual exposure. Chronic neonatal hypoxia resulted in permanent cerebellar hypoplasia. This was compounded by administration of prednisolone as shown by greater volume loss and Purkinje cell death. In the setting of hypoxia and prednisolone, administration of a small molecule Smoothened-Hedgehog agonist (SAG) preserved cerebellar volume and protected against Purkinje cell death. Such protective effects were observed even when SAG was given as a one-time dose after dual insult. To model complex injury and determine cell type-specific roles for the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway, we performed conditional knockout of von Hippel Lindau (VHL) to hyperactivate HIF1α in cerebellar granule neuron precursors (CGNP) or Purkinje cells. Surprisingly, HIF activation in either cell type resulted in no cerebellar deficit. However, in mice administered prednisolone, HIF overactivation in CGNPs resulted in significant cerebellar hypoplasia, whereas HIF overactivation in Purkinje cells caused cell death. Together, these findings indicate that HIF primes both cell types for injury via glucocorticoids, and that hypoxia/HIF + postnatal glucocorticoid administration act on distinct cellular pathways to cause cerebellar injury. They further suggest that SAG is neuroprotective in the setting of complex neonatal cerebellar injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vien Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Khalida Sabeur
- Department of Pediatrics, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Emin Maltepe
- Division of Neonatology, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Kurosh Ameri
- Department of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Omer Bayraktar
- Department of Pediatrics, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - David H Rowitch
- Department of Pediatrics, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Division of Neonatology, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Department of Paediatrics, Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK.
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Kole K, Scheenen W, Tiesinga P, Celikel T. Cellular diversity of the somatosensory cortical map plasticity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 84:100-115. [PMID: 29183683 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sensory maps are representations of the sensory epithelia in the brain. Despite the intuitive explanatory power behind sensory maps as being neuronal precursors to sensory perception, and sensory cortical plasticity as a neural correlate of perceptual learning, molecular mechanisms that regulate map plasticity are not well understood. Here we perform a meta-analysis of transcriptional and translational changes during altered whisker use to nominate the major molecular correlates of experience-dependent map plasticity in the barrel cortex. We argue that brain plasticity is a systems level response, involving all cell classes, from neuron and glia to non-neuronal cells including endothelia. Using molecular pathway analysis, we further propose a gene regulatory network that could couple activity dependent changes in neurons to adaptive changes in neurovasculature, and finally we show that transcriptional regulations observed in major brain disorders target genes that are modulated by altered sensory experience. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms of experience-dependent plasticity of sensory maps might help to unravel the cellular events that shape brain plasticity in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Kole
- Department of Neurophysiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroinformatics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wim Scheenen
- Department of Neurophysiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Tiesinga
- Department of Neuroinformatics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tansu Celikel
- Department of Neurophysiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling improves the angiogenic potential of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSC). Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:203. [PMID: 28962669 PMCID: PMC5622478 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0653-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSC) show remarkable therapeutic potential to repair tissue upon injury via paracrine signaling by secreting diverse trophic factors that promote angiogenesis. However, the mechanisms and signaling pathways that regulate the induction of these specific factors are still mostly unknown. Emerging evidence suggests that Sonic hedgehog (SHH) plays a central role in angiogenesis and tissue maintenance. However, its contribution to the angiogenic potential of MSC has not been fully addressed. The aim of this work was to characterize the expression of the SHH pathway components in WJ-MSC primary cultures and to evaluate their angiogenic responsiveness to SHH signaling. Methods Primary cell cultures obtained from human umbilical cords were treated with pharmacological modulators of the SHH pathway. We evaluated the modulation of diverse trophic factors in cell lysates, conditioned medium, and functional in vitro assays. In addition, we determined the angiogenic potential of the SHH pathway in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane, an in vivo model. Results Our results show that WJ-MSC express components of the canonical SHH pathway and are activated by its signaling. In fact, we provide evidence of basal autocrine/paracrine SHH signaling in WJ-MSC. SHH pathway stimulation promotes the secretion of angiogenic factors such as activin A, angiogenin, angiopoietin 1, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, matrix metallometallopeptidase -9, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator, enhancing the pro-angiogenic capabilities of WJ-MSC both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion WJ-MSC are a cell population responsive to SHH pathway stimulation. Basal SHH signaling is in part responsible for the angiogenic inductive properties of WJ-MSC. Overall, exogenous activation of the SHH pathway enhances the angiogenic properties of WJ-MSC, making this cell population an ideal target for treating tissue injury. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0653-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Hui Z, Sha DJ, Wang SL, Li CS, Qian J, Wang JQ, Zhao Y, Zhang JH, Cheng HY, Yang H, Yu LJ, Xu Y. Panaxatriol saponins promotes angiogenesis and enhances cerebral perfusion after ischemic stroke in rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:70. [PMID: 28114983 PMCID: PMC5259846 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Panaxatriol saponins (PTS), an extract from the traditional Chinese herb Panax notoginseng, which has been used to treat ischemic stroke for many years in China. However, the mechanism underlying the effects of PTS remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether PTS can protect against ischemic brain injury by promoting angiogenesis and to explore the possible mechanism by which it promotes angiogenesis. Methods Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced in rats, and neurological deficit scores and brain infarct volumes were assessed. Micro-Positron emission tomography (PET) was adopted to assess cerebral perfusion, and real-time PCR and western blotting were used to evaluate vascular growth factor and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway component levels. Immunofluorescence staining was used to determine capillary densities in ischemic penumbrae. Results We showed that PTS improved neurological function and reduced infarct volumes in MCAO rats. Micro-PET indicated that PTS can significantly increase 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-PDG) uptake by ischemic brain tissue and enhance cerebral perfusion after MCAO surgery. Moreover, PTS was able to increase capillary densities and enhance angiogenesis in ischemic boundary zones and up-regulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) expression by activating the Shh signaling pathway. Conclusion These findings indicate that PTS exerts protective effects against cerebral ischemic injury by enhancing angiogenesis and improving microperfusion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1579-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Yao PJ, Petralia RS, Mattson MP. Sonic Hedgehog Signaling and Hippocampal Neuroplasticity. Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:840-850. [PMID: 27865563 PMCID: PMC5148655 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a secreted protein that controls the patterning of neural progenitor cells, and their neuronal and glial progeny, during development. Emerging findings suggest that Shh also has important roles in the formation and plasticity of neuronal circuits in the hippocampus, a brain region of fundamental importance in learning and memory. Shh mediates activity-dependent and injury-induced hippocampal neurogenesis. Activation of Shh receptors in the dendrites of hippocampal neurons engages a trans-neuronal signaling pathway that accelerates axon outgrowth and enhances glutamate release from presynaptic terminals. Impaired Shh signaling may contribute to the pathogenesis of several developmental and adult-onset neurological disorders that affect the hippocampus, suggesting a potential for therapeutic interventions that target Shh pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Yao
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Ronald S Petralia
- Advanced Imaging Core, NIDCD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Garraud M, Khacef K, Vion AC, Leconte C, Yin M, Renard JM, Marchand-Leroux C, Boulanger CM, Margaill I, Beray-Berthat V. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator enhances microparticle release from mouse brain-derived endothelial cells through plasmin. J Neurol Sci 2016; 370:187-195. [PMID: 27772757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is currently the only approved pharmacological strategy for acute ischemic stroke. However, rt-PA exhibits vascular toxicity mainly due to endothelial damage. To investigate the mechanisms underlying rt-PA-induced endothelial alterations, we assessed the role of rt-PA in the generation of endothelial microparticles (EMPs), emerging biological markers and effectors of endothelial dysfunction. The mouse brain-derived endothelial cell line bEnd.3 was used. Cells were treated with rt-PA at 20, 40 or 80μg/ml for 15 or 24h, and EMPs were quantified in the culture media using Annexin-V staining coupled with flow cytometry. Rt-PA enhanced EMP release from bEnd.3 cells with a maximal increase at the 40μg/ml dose for 24h (+78% compared to controls). Using tranexamic acid and aprotinin we demonstrated that plasmin is responsible for rt-PA-induced EMP release. The p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 and the poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) inhibitor PJ34 also reduced rt-PA-induced EMP production, suggesting that p38 MAPK and PARP are downstream intracellular effectors of rt-PA/plasmin. Rt-PA also altered through plasmin the morphology and the confluence of bEnd.3 cells. By contrast, these changes did not implicate p38 MAPK and PARP. This study demonstrates that rt-PA induces the production of microparticles by cerebral endothelial cells, through plasmin, p38 MAPK and PARP pathways. Determining the phenotype of these EMPs to clarify their role on the endothelium in ischemic conditions could thus be of particular interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Garraud
- Equipe de recherche "Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale" EA4475, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Kahina Khacef
- Equipe de recherche "Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale" EA4475, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Clémence Vion
- INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Claire Leconte
- Equipe de recherche "Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale" EA4475, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Min Yin
- INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Renard
- INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Marchand-Leroux
- Equipe de recherche "Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale" EA4475, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Chantal M Boulanger
- INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Margaill
- Equipe de recherche "Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale" EA4475, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Beray-Berthat
- Equipe de recherche "Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale" EA4475, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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13
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Wang SH, Yang WK, Lee JD. Increased expression of the sonic hedgehog and vascular endothelial growth factor with co-localization in varicocele veins. Phlebology 2016; 32:115-119. [DOI: 10.1177/0268355515627717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Varicocele is characterized by dilatation and tortuosity of the internal spermatic vein. Sonic hedgehog plays an important role in angiogenesis and vascular remodeling under hypoxic stress. We studied the relationship and distribution of SHH and vascular endothelial growth factor in internal spermatic vein in patients diagnosed with varicocele. Methods Specimens of 1 cm were taken from the internal spermatic vein during left varicocele repair (N = 20). The control samples of ISV were obtained from eight male patients who underwent left inguinal herniorrhaphy. We analyzed the sonic hedgehog and vascular endothelial growth factor expression and distribution by immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescent staining, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The data were analyzed using the Student’s t test. Results Immunoblotting showed higher expression of sonic hedgehog and vascular endothelial growth factor proteins in varicocele veins than in the control group ( P < 0.05) which located over muscle layer and endothelium was demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining. Both proteins with co-localization in the muscle layer and especially distributed in endothelium of varicocele veins were revealed under confocal microscopy. Conclusions These findings showed the upexpression of sonic hedgehog and vascular endothelial growth factor with co-localization in varicocele veins which imply that the reducing hypoxia or using sonic hedgehog antagonists may be helpful for this vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ho Wang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Center for General Education, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Kai Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jane-Dar Lee
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Guo S, Lok J, Zhao S, Leung W, Som AT, Hayakawa K, Wang Q, Xing C, Wang X, Ji X, Zhou Y, Lo EH. Effects of Controlled Cortical Impact on the Mouse Brain Vasculome. J Neurotrauma 2016; 33:1303-16. [PMID: 26528928 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2015.4101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbations in blood vessels play a critical role in the pathophysiology of brain injury and neurodegeneration. Here, we use a systematic genome-wide transcriptome screening approach to investigate the vasculome after brain trauma in mice. Mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact and brains were extracted for analysis at 24 h post-injury. The core of the traumatic lesion was removed and then cortical microvesels were isolated from nondirectly damaged ipsilateral cortex. Compared to contralateral cortex and normal cortex from sham-operated mice, we identified a wide spectrum of responses in the vasculome after trauma. Up-regulated pathways included those involved in regulation of inflammation and extracellular matrix processes. Decreased pathways included those involved in regulation of metabolism, mitochondrial function, and transport systems. These findings suggest that microvascular perturbations can be widespread and not necessarily localized to core areas of direct injury per se and may further provide a broader gene network context for existing knowledge regarding inflammation, metabolism, and blood-brain barrier alterations after brain trauma. Further efforts are warranted to map the vasculome with higher spatial and temporal resolution from acute to delayed phase post-trauma. Investigating the widespread network responses in the vasculome may reveal potential mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and biomarkers for traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Guo
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Josephine Lok
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Song Zhao
- 3 The Department of Spine Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Wendy Leung
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Angel T Som
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Kazuhide Hayakawa
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Qingzhi Wang
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Changhong Xing
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Xunming Ji
- 4 Cerebrovascular Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Zhou
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Eng H Lo
- 1 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
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Suh HN, Han HJ. Sonic hedgehog increases the skin wound-healing ability of mouse embryonic stem cells through the microRNA 200 family. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:815-28. [PMID: 25257936 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To use stem cell therapy effectively, it is important to enhance the therapeutic potential of stem cells with soluble factors. Although sonic hedgehog (shh) is important in maintaining the stem cell, the recovery effect of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) with shh has not yet been elucidated. The present study investigated the effect of mESCs with shh in skin recovery in vivo as well as the related intracellular signal pathways in vitro. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The healing effect of mESCs with shh on skin wounds was examined in vivo in ICR mice. The involvement of Smads, the microRNA (miR)-200 family, zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox (ZEBs) and E-cadherin on shh-induced mESC migration and self-renewal was determined in vitro. KEY RESULTS The mESCs with shh increased re-epithelialization and VEGF expression in skin wounds. Shh-treated mESCs increased both secreted and intracellular levels of VEGF. Shh induced dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β through the Smoothened receptor and increased the phosphorylation of Smad1 and Smad2/3 in mESCs. Shh-induced decrease of the mmu-miR-141, -200c, -200a, -200b and -429 expression levels was significantly reversed by Smad4 siRNA. Shh increased nuclear expression of ZEB1/ZEB2 and decreased E-cadherin expression while increasing cell migration and skin wound healing. Both these effects were reversed by mmu-miR-141 and -200b mimics. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Mouse ESCs accelerated skin wound healing by shh through down-regulating E-cadherin, an effect dependent on mmu-miR-141 and -200b. Our data provides evidence for the effectiveness of shh in stem cell-based therapy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Na Suh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Chudý P, Chudá D, Ivanková J, Sinák I, Talapková R, Staško J, Kubisz P. Therapeutic angiogenesis improves fibrinolytic imbalance in patients with critical limb ischemia. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2014; 25:156-60. [PMID: 24300022 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of fibrinolysis have been suggested to be linked to the pathogenesis of peripheral artery disease. The impact of therapeutic angiogenesis on the parameters of fibrinolysis was studied in critical limb ischemia (CLI). CLI patients (N = 29) and blood donors as controls (N = 29) were enrolled. Bone marrow (600 ± 50 ml) was centrifuged (3200g, 20 min, 22°C), bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (100-120 ml) were separated by Optipress I and implanted into the ischemic limb using intramuscular injections. ELISA was employed for the assessment of plasma tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels. Patients were followed-up prior to the procedure and after 1, 3 and 6 months. All stage-IV patients (N = 22) had ischemic lesions. The lesions resolved in 10 patients. Five patients underwent major amputation; they all were stage-IV. Ischemic lesions persisted in seven patients beyond 6 months. The t-PA levels were higher in patients compared with the healthy controls both at baseline (P < 0.01) and after 6 months (P < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the t-PA levels during the follow-up. PAI-1 was higher in patients than in the healthy individuals at baseline (P < 0.001) and at month 1 (P < 0.05). However, no difference in PAI-1 levels between the patients and the healthy individuals was found after 3 and 6 months. The PAI-1 levels were significantly downregulated during the follow-up compared with the baseline (P < 0.0001). Therapeutic angiogenesis for the CLI downregulates PAI-1 levels, thus having a systemic effect on fibrinolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Chudý
- aDepartment of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin University Hospital bNational Transfusion Service of the Slovak Republic cDepartment of Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
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Effect of Three Dimensional Culture of Porcine Endometrial Cells on Their Plasminogen Activity and Pre-implantation Embryo Development after Co-culture. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.12750/jet.2014.29.2.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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18
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Alias S, Redwan B, Panzenboeck A, Winter MP, Schubert U, Voswinckel R, Frey MK, Jakowitsch J, Alimohammadi A, Hobohm L, Mangold A, Bergmeister H, Sibilia M, Wagner EF, Mayer E, Klepetko W, Hoelzenbein TJ, Preissner KT, Lang IM. Defective angiogenesis delays thrombus resolution: a potential pathogenetic mechanism underlying chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:810-819. [PMID: 24526692 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Restoration of patency is a natural target of vascular remodeling after venous thrombosis that involves vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, as well as leukocytes. Acute pulmonary emboli usually resolve <6 months. However, in some instances, thrombi transform into fibrous vascular obstructions, resulting in occlusion of the deep veins, or in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). We proposed that dysregulated thrombus angiogenesis may contribute to thrombus persistence. APPROACH AND RESULTS Mice with an endothelial cell-specific conditional deletion of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2/kinase insert domain protein receptor were used in a model of stagnant flow venous thrombosis closely resembling human deep vein thrombosis. Biochemical and functional analyses were performed on pulmonary endarterectomy specimens from patients with CTEPH, a human model of nonresolving venous thromboembolism. Endothelial cell-specific deletion of kinase insert domain protein receptor and subsequent ablation of thrombus vascularization delayed thrombus resolution. In accordance with these findings, organized human CTEPH thrombi were largely devoid of vascular structures. Several vessel-specific genes, such as kinase insert domain protein receptor, vascular endothelial cadherin, and podoplanin, were expressed at lower levels in white CTEPH thrombi than in organizing deep vein thrombi and organizing thrombi from aortic aneurysms. In addition, red CTEPH thrombi attenuated the angiogenic response induced by vascular endothelial growth factor. CONCLUSIONS In the present work, we propose a mechanism of thrombus nonresolution demonstrating that endothelial cell-specific deletion of kinase insert domain protein receptor abates thrombus vessel formation, misguiding thrombus resolution. Medical conditions associated with the development of CTEPH may be compromising early thrombus angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Alias
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bassam Redwan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Max P Winter
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Uwe Schubert
- Institute for Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Robert Voswinckel
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Maria K Frey
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Lukas Hobohm
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Mangold
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helga Bergmeister
- Department of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eckhard Mayer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kerckhoff Clinic Heart and Lung Centre, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Walter Klepetko
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas J Hoelzenbein
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Klaus T Preissner
- Institute for Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Irene M Lang
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Kim Y, Park D, Kim H, Choi M, Lee H, Lee YS, Choe J, Kim YM, Jeoung D. miR-200b and cancer/testis antigen CAGE form a feedback loop to regulate the invasion and tumorigenic and angiogenic responses of a cancer cell line to microtubule-targeting drugs. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:36502-18. [PMID: 24174534 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.502047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer/testis antigen cancer-associated gene (CAGE) is known to be involved in various cellular processes, such as proliferation, cell motility, and anti-cancer drug resistance. However, the mechanism of the expression regulation of CAGE remains unknown. Target scan analysis predicted the binding of microRNA-200b (miR-200b) to CAGE promoter sequences. The expression of CAGE showed an inverse relationship with miR-200b in various cancer cell lines. miR-200b was shown to bind to the 3'-UTR of CAGE and to regulate the expression of CAGE at the transcriptional level. miR-200b also enhanced the sensitivities to microtubule-targeting drugs in vitro. miR-200b and CAGE showed opposite regulations on invasion potential and responses to microtubule-targeting drugs. Xenograft experiments showed that miR-200b had negative effects on the tumorigenic and metastatic potential of cancer cells. The effect of miR-200b on metastatic potential involved the expression regulation of CAGE by miR-200b. miR-200b decreased the tumorigenic potential of a cancer cell line resistant to microtubule-targeting drugs in a manner associated with the down-regulation of CAGE. ChIP assays showed the direct regulation of miR-200b by CAGE. CAGE enhanced the invasion potential of a cancer cell line stably expressing miR-200b. miR-200b exerted a negative regulation on tumor-induced angiogenesis. The down-regulation of CAGE led to the decreased expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, a TGFβ-responsive protein involved in angiogenesis, and VEGF. CAGE mediated tumor-induced angiogenesis and was necessary for VEGF-promoted angiogenesis. Human recombinant CAGE protein displayed angiogenic potential. Thus, miR-200b and CAGE form a feedback regulatory loop and regulate the response to microtubule-targeting drugs, as well as the invasion, tumorigenic potential, and angiogenic potential.
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20
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Xia YP, He QW, Li YN, Chen SC, Huang M, Wang Y, Gao Y, Huang Y, Wang MD, Mao L, Hu B. Recombinant human sonic hedgehog protein regulates the expression of ZO-1 and occludin by activating angiopoietin-1 in stroke damage. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68891. [PMID: 23894369 PMCID: PMC3720889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines the regulating effect of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in cerebral ischemia. By employing permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model, we find that Shh significantly decreases brain edema and preserves BBB permeability. Moreover, Shh increases zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin and angiopiotetin-1 (Ang-1) expression in the ischemic penumbra. Blockage of Shh with cyclopamine abolishes the effects of Shh on brain edema, BBB permeability and ZO-1, occludin, Ang-1 expression. Primary brain microvessel endothelial cells (BMECs) and astrocytes were pre-treated with Shh, cyclopamine, Ang-1-neutralizing antibody, and subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Results show that the Ang-1 protein level in the culture medium of Shh-treated astrocytes is significantly higher. Shh also increased ZO-1, occludin and Ang-1 expression in BMECs, while cyclopamine and Ang-1-neutralizing antibody inhibited the effects of Shh on the ZO-1 and occludin expression, respectively. This study suggests that, under ischemic insults, Shh triggers Ang-1 production predominantly in astrocytes, and the secreted Ang-1 acts on BMECs, thereby upregulating ZO-1 and occludin to repair the tight junction and ameliorate the brain edema and BBB leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-peng Xia
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan-wei He
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-nan Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng-cai Chen
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Huang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-die Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Mao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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The sonic hedgehog pathway mediates brain plasticity and subsequent functional recovery after bone marrow stromal cell treatment of stroke in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013; 33:1015-24. [PMID: 23549381 PMCID: PMC3705435 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) improve neurologic recovery after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). To examine whether in vivo blockage of the endogenous sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway affects grafted MSC-induced neurologic benefits, MCAo mice were administered: vehicle (control); cyclopamine (CP)- a specific Shh pathway inhibitor; MSC; and MSC and cyclopamine (MSC-CP). Neurologic function was evaluated after MCAo. Electron microscopy and immunofluorescence staining were employed to measure synapse density, protein expression of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and Shh in parenchymal cells in the ischemic boundary zone (IBZ), respectively. Marrow stromal cell treatment significantly enhanced functional recovery after ischemia, concurrent with increases of synaptophysin, synapse density, and myelinated axons along the IBZ, and significantly increased tPA and Shh expression in astrocytes and neurons compared with control. After treatment with MSC-CP or CP, the above effects were reversed. Co-culture of MSCs with cortical neurons confirmed the effect of Shh on MSC-mediated neurite outgrowth. Our data support the hypothesis that the Shh pathway mediates brain plasticity via tPA and thereby functional recovery after treatment of stroke with MSCs.
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